No. 5424 Annual Series.

DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR REPORTS.

CHIN A.

REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1913

ON Tim

FOREIGN TRADE OF .CHINA.

EDITED AT THE :FOREIGN OFFICE AND THE BOARD OF TRADE,

REFERENCE TO PREVIOUS REPORT, Annual Series No, 5216.

Presented to both Houses of Parliament b,IJ Command of His Maje/Jty, FEBRUARY, 1915.

-.··-----.,.

LONDON: PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE

BY HARRISON AND SO:'i"S, 45-47, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, w.c., PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY.

To be purclrnsed either directly or through 11ny Dookscller, from ·wYMAN AND SONS, I~TD., 29, DREAMS Bun.DINGS, FETTim LANll, E.C., o.nd.

. 28, ADIKGDON S'J'ltE[(T, s.-w ., o.nd 54, 8'1'. l\1AltY STRi.E'r, ('.,Jtlll FF; or · Il.M. S1'A1'l0:N.1£RY OFFICE (Scol"rTSH Ilruxcn), 23, FoitTLI :--r1t -:1-:r, EuINJJuuorr; or

E. PON~ONHY, LTD., llG, GnAFTOX ST1<1-:ET, IH·11ux; or from the Agencies in the Hl'iLi,h Colonies and Depe1 ,c[e11c1es,

the United Sto.tes "of Amcrim, the Continent of Eurnpe 11nd Abro1.1d of '.I.'. FIS.ll.ER UNWIN, LONDON, w.c.

1915. [Cd. 7620-34.] Price 1'/weepenc~,

CONTENTS.

PAGE Introductory-

Exchange ........................................................................... 4 Table of Chinese weights ............................................ .'....... .. .. . 4

,, provinces and open ports, with estimated Chinese population 4 Estimate~ f~reigi:1 population of China .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . . . 5 Commercial 1nqmr1es . .. . . . . .. .. . .. • .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. • .. . . .. .. .. .. .. 6

!.-:--General summary-Record statistics . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . . . 7 Increased imports . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. . .. ... .. . . .. . . .. ... . . . . . .. .. .. .... . 7

,, exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Depression of tnide...................... .... .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. 8 Balance of trade ............................ , , .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . . 9 Yangtse rebellion .................................................................. 9 Brigandage ........ , ................................................ , ..... , , , , . , . . . . . . 9 Paper money . . . . . . .......................... ........... ................... .... .. . . . . 10 Lack of credit ..... ............. ... .. . .............. ..................... ... .......... 10 Exchange . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. .. • . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . 1 O Hong-Kong and British trnde ................................................... 10 Trade with various countries, 1905-13 .. ........................ ....... ...... 11 Percentages of various countries .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ... .. .. .. . .... 12

II.-Imports-Opium ................................................................................. 12 Cotton piece-goods ......................................................... :........ 12

,, yarn ........................................................................ 14 Metals and lllinerals ........... , ..................................... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Cigarettes ........................................................................... 14 Clothing, &c. ........................................................................ 14 Dyes.................................................................................... 14 Electrical materials 11nd fittings ................................................ 14 Fish .................................................................................... 14 Flour nnd rice • . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . 1.'i Glass, window ................................................... , .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . 15 Machine tools and machinery . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . 15 Oil, kerosene ........................................................................ 15 Sugar.................................................................................... 15 Tea .................................................................................... 16 Vehicles . . . .. . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. 16

III.-.Exports-Beans ........................................................................ ,,....... 16 Coal .................................................................................... 16 Cotton, raw............................................................................ 16 Flour ................................................................................. 17 Grounduut~ . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 17 Silk .................................................................................... 17 Tea .................................................................................... 18

IV.-Shipping-Shipping in 1913 ............................ :........................................ 18 River conservancy .................................................................. 19

V.-Railways-Chlnese railway policy and railway revenues . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . ... 19 Railwav construction-

·Huk;vang railway8 .. . .. . .. . . .. .............. ... .. . .. .. .. .. ............. .......... 20 Peking-Kalgan Railway ...................................................... 21 Lanchow-Haichow Ra.ilway ..... . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ............ .... .. . . .. . .. .. .. 21 Shangha.i-Ningpo Railway . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . .. . .... . . . . . ....... .... . . . . . . . . 21 Kiukiang-Nanchang Raihvay ... . . ... ............ ........... ............. .... 21 Sh&ntun~ Railway .. , ..... , .. ,.......... ............ ......... ............... ..... 22

3

CONTEN TS-COll tinned. V.-Railways-contd. PAGE

Railway concessions-Shasi-Singyi..................................................................... .•• 22 Tatungfu-Chengtu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22 Pukow-Sinyang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 22 South Manchurian railway connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Shantung railways ........ , ........ , .......... , ............ , ......... , .. , , , . . . . .. 23 Yamchow-Chungking .. .-......................................................... 23 Nanking-Hunan ................................................................. , 23

VI.-Mining and other industries-Coal mines .................................................................. , . . . .. . • • 23 Mining regulation& . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. .. •• 23 Cotton ruills .•....................... ; ......••...........................•.....•.• , , . . • 24 Electric light . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Other enterprises..................................................................... 25

VII.-Miscellaneous-Customs revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Chinese post office . . . . . • . . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . 25

Tables-1.-Gross value of the foreign trade of China, 1909-13-

(a) Currency values ...................................................... 26 (b) Sterling values ......................................................... 26

2.-Net value of the foreign trade of China, 1909-13 (showing propor­tion between exports and imports)-

(a) Currency values ...................................................... 26 (b) Sterling values ...................................................... ... 26

3.-Total imports. Value of imports direct from each country, 1911-13 27 4.-Net imports of principal articles from foreign countries, Hlll-13

(showing countries from which chiefly imported) ..... .. . . . . . ....... .. 28 5.-Total exports. Value of exports direct to each country, 1911-13... 44 6.-Exports of native goods to foreign countries, 1911-13 (showing

countries to which chiefly exported) .................................... 45 7.-Cbicf ports of original export of native goods.............................. 52 8.-Re-exports of foreign goods to foreign countries, values, 1913...... ... 54 9.-Treasure, import and export to and from China, 1913.................. 55

10.-Shipping entered and cleared at Chinese ports. Share taken by each flag, 1903, 1908, 1913 ................................................ 56

11.-Foreign and coast trade-(a) Shipping entered and cleared in foreign and coast trade,

1911-13 .............................................................. :... 57 . (b) Share taken by each flag in foreign and coast trade, HJ12-13 57

12.--Shipping entered and cleared, steamers and sailing vessels, 1911-13 57 13.-Inland waters navigation, vessels registered, 1912-13 ...... ............ 58 14.-Transit trade- ·

(a) Comparative values, 19ll-13 (currency)........................ 58 (IJ) Values for principal ports, 1913.................................... 58

15.-Net value of trade of each port, HJ13 .................................... 5!l IG,·--Customs revenue, 1!)13 ......... ...... ............... ........................... Gl t.7 .-List of open ports arranged according to total revenue c:ollcctcd at

each, 1913 ..................................................................... G2

(684) ). 2

4

EXCHANGE.

The figures in the following report and tables are taken from the returns of Chinese Maritime Customs, the values there stated in Haikuan taels being converted into sterlirig · at the following rates, whirh represent the average exchange for each year :-

1 Haiknan tael-1911 .. 1912 1913

s. d. 2 8y'iJ 3 O.J 3 O!

It should be noted that the Haikuan tael is not a coin but a weight in silver (/i83·:3 grai.ns of silver 1,000 fine) by means of which duties are paid to the foreign customs. Its value in local C\lrrency varies in eve1y treaty pmt; thus, 100 .l:faikuan taels in T_ientsin equals 105 local taels ; in Hankow, 108·75; and in Shanghai, l 11 ·40.

TABLE of Chine_se Weights.

1 tael (liang) _ { 583 ·3 grains (lt oz. avoir.) "· - 37 ·783 grammes

1G taels 1 catly (chin)

lOO_ratties 1 picul (tan)

{ q lLs. avoir. · 604 ·53 grammes

{ 1:33! lbs. avoir. 60 ·453 kilos.

TABLE of the Open Ports of China, with estimated Chinese Population of each Port and Province.

Three Manchurian provinces ... Aigun Sansing Manchonli Harbin* Suifenho Hunchun · Lungchingtsnn Antung Tatungkow ... Dairen* Newohwang*

Chihli ... Chinwangtao Tientsin*

Shantung Chefoo* Kiaochow (Tsingtau)

Szechuan Chung king* ...

Hunan ... Changsha* Yochow

Hupeh ... Ichang* Shasi ... Hankow*

Kiangsi ... Kiukiang*

* Sec note on page 5.

Population.

19,290,000 3,600

40,200 4,000

81,400 1,300 4,200

GOO 40,500

3,200 24,500 53,700

29,400,000 5,000

800,000 38,000,000

54,500 34,000

71,456,000 631,700

22,000,000 250,000 20,000

34,000,000 55,000

100,000 590,000

24,534,000 36,000

TABLE of the Open Ports of China, with estimated Chinese Population of each Port and Province-continued.

Anhwei ... Wuhu*

Kiangsu Nanking* Chinkiang* Shanghai*

.Soochow Chekiang

Hangchow* ... Ningpo* Wenchow

Fukien ... Santuao Foochow* An:oy*

Kwangtung Swatow* Canton* Kongmoon Samshui Kiungchow* ... ' Pakhoi*

Kwangsi \Vuchow* Nanning Lungchow

Yunnan ... Mengtzu Szemao Teng Yueh* ...

Shansi 1 Shensi

Kansu

' Honan Kweichow )

Total population of China (in­cluding Manchuria) ...

Population.

36,000,000 89,000

26,920,000 269,000 184,000 651,000 500,000

17,812,000 594,000 4.55,000 100,000

20,000,000 8,000

624,000 114,000

32,000,000 70,000

900,000 62,000

6,000 44,200 20,000

8,000,000 40,000 87,GOO 13,000

7,;3,J,000 10.900 1:3,000 10,000

55,000,000

441,983,000

N O'l'E.-British Consular officers arc stationell at thCJ ports marked with an a~terisk (*), and also at the followi11g provincial capit.als :-Muktlen (Mancl.uria), Tsinan (Shantung), Chengtu (Szechuan) and Yunnanfu (Yunnan).

(For value of trade at open ports see Table 15, page 59.)

EsTrnATED Foreign Population of China during the Year 1913.

(684)

Japanese Russian British American Portuguese German Fr'ench Other oatiomli tie3

Total ...

Population. 80,219 66,765 8,H66 5,340 3,486 2,949 2,292 3,810

163,82i

6

The above estimates of Chinese and foreign population are taken from the Chinese Maritime Customs returns for HJ13.

A map of China showing railways, telegraphs and treaty port~, published by the War Office and corrected up to November, 1913, can be purchased for ls. Sd. from Ed ward Stanford, London ; W. and A. K. Johnston, Ltd., Edin burgh ; Hodges, Figgis and Co., Dublin ; and Messrs. Kelly and Walsh, Ltd., Shanghai.

Commercial inquiries.-lt is particularly requested that in order to avoid possible delay, inquiries addressed to Consuls in China or to the Commercial Attache should not be addressed to individuals by name.

Inquiries as to imports of British goods at the variouf! ports in China should be addressed to the Commercial Intelligence Branch of the Board of Trade, 73, Basinghall Street, London, E.C., where lists of local firms are also kept.

No. 5424. Annual Series.,, Refe1·ence to previous Report, Annual &rz'cs No. 5216.

Rrport on the Foreign 2.'racle of China for the Year 1913 by Mr. u,. P. Ker, Oonimercial Attache to His Majesty's Legation at Peking.

·!.-General Summary.

Record statistics.-The year 1913 is generally described by merchants in China as a dull year for trade, and it is an easy matter to recount the circumstances which would naturally justify this description. The striking feature of the statistics, however, is the very large increase shown in the value of both imports and exports. The gross value of the foreign trade coming under cognisance of the Chinese Maritime Customs was 1,005,723,851 Haikuan taels, or 151,906,206l., as compared with 868,875,532 Haikuan taels, or 132,594,026l., in 1912. (The Haikuan tael is reckoned at 3s. Oid. in 1912 and at 3s. Otd. in 1913.) The net value of foreign imports was 570,162,557 Haikuan taels, or 86,118,303l., exceeding the previous record of 1912 by over 97,000,000 Haikuan taels reckoned in silver, or by nearly 14,000,000l. reckoned in sterling. The value of exports was also greater than in any previous year, amounting to 403,305,546 Haikuan taels (60,915,94ll.), which is nearly 33,000,000 taels more than in 1912, and exceeds even the record value of 191.0 by more than 22,000,000 taels.

Increased imports.-A cursory analysis of the items of which these record :figures are made up will suffice to show that the increase is due to a growth of trade all round, and cannot be entirely accounted for by any fortuitous or impermanent circumstances, such as the piling up of import stocks or a boom in any particular product. The increase of 97,000,000 Haikuan taels over the figures of 1912 for foreign imports is reached in spite of a decrease in value of opium imported of 6,700,000 taels and of woollen and cotton mixtures of 500,000 taels. Of the increased amount of 104,000,000 taels thus to be accounted for under the other main heads of imports, some 38,000,000 taels are due to increased values of cotton goods, including 9,000,000 taels increase in Japanese yarn. As will be seen later the increase in cotton goods cannot be regarded as altogether healthy, as it resulted in a considerable accumulation of stocks at the end of the year. But the heading " Metals and minerals " accounts for an increase of 11,000,000 taels, that of "Woollen manufactures" for an increase of nearly 1,000,000 taels and that of "Miscellaneous piece-goods" for an increase of 1,100,000 taels, while it is significant that the increase

CIIJNA.

under the head of "Sundries" amounted to nearly 53,000,MO taels, and that this increase was distributed over nearly every item in the sundries import list, the only important exceptions being raw cotton, flour and arms and munitions. The principal increases in " Sundries " were in sugar (over 12,000,000 taels), rice (6,700,000 taels), cigarettes (nearly 4,000,000 taels), aniline dyes (over 3,000,000 taels), paper, machinery, timber, fish, artificial indigo (each between 2,000,000 and 3,000,000 taels increase). All these increases were in quantity as well as value.

Increased exports.-The increased value of exports was also well distributed, raw cotton being the only staple export that showed a decrease. The value of raw silk rose by nearly 6,000,000 taels and that of silk piece-goods by nearly 5,000,000 taels; skins and hides (undressed) increased in value by between 8,000,000 and 9,000,000 taels, bean cake by over 7,000,000 taels and groundnuts by over 1,000,000 taels. The increased value of exports was, it is true, partly due to higher values, and not altogether to greater quantities. - Thus the volume of raw silk exported was actually less than in 1912, although t'he volume of silk piece-goods and the total volume of silk products was higher. Tea also, which shows a slight increase in value, was exportEd in somewhat less quantities than in the previous year. But the increased values of all the other items enumerated above were due to increased volume of export.

Depression of trade.-The statistics of customs revenue, which were published at the beginning of the present year, showed an increase of 4,000,000 Haikuan taels over the previous record collection of 1912. This pointed to a large increase in the volume of the foreign t.rade, and if the figures for imports and exports quoted above had been known at the same time, when a distinctly more hopeful tone was beginning to prevail in commercial centres in China, one would have been justified in exulting in the promise of expansion held out by the achievement of such record-breaking returns in the face of all the adverse conditions of the year. Unfortunately the five months that have intervened since the revenue statistics were published have been characterised by such depression of business that on~ is inclined to look somewhat askance at the big figures, and to sound a warning note as to over-trading. This applies more particularly to the increase in cotton piece-goods, the branch of China trade which is of the most importance to British manufacturers. It is not suggested that the importing houses in China are to blame. At the beginning of 1913 they had no reason to anticipate the serious political troubles that were to arise, and when these troubles were suppressed, it was impossible to foresee that the aftermath of timidity of capital, brigandage in the interior and reckless note issues would continue through the spring months of 1914 to prevent the movement of stocks. Their troubles were, however, undoubtedly aggravated by the multi­plication of newer firms and by the excessive activity of travelling representatives of home firms, anxious to do business and less careful than the old Chinese houses as to the standing of their customers ; and the expression " over-trading " may be not inaptly used in con­nection with such activities. The increase in Japanese yarn may

OiiIN.A, !)

also be attributed largely to this cause. But the incl'eased imports of metals, minerals and sundries cannot reasonably be ascribed to over.trading, and f~m the point of view of those interested in the general trade of China, the figures may be regarded with satisfaction, as compensating to some extent the depression in other branches, although the effect of this depression is unfortunately felt most acutely by British traders.

Balq,nce of trade.-As for the export figures, the record of increase can be viewed with unalloyed satisfaction. The staples-silk and tea-have not expanded much of recent years in proportion to the general growth of trade, but the continued rise in the volume of the other principal articles of export, and the continually extending variety of articles of native produce, are the most promising features of the foreign trade of China during the last decade, inasmuch as hopes of future development rest primarily on the increase of exports. It will be seen in Table 2 that the percentage of exports to imports went down to 70 · 7 per cent. in 1913 after an average of 80 · 3 per cent. in the four preceding years. In addition to the factors already mentioned as checking the movement of imports, the export trade had to suffer from high exchange, low prices in the European markets and especially from the want of silver to finance it. With all these adverse circumstances it is wonderful that the disproportion between exports and imports in a year characterised by so enormous an increase in the latter, was not much greater than it turned out to be. The situation was in fact saved by the fortunate circumstance that the country on the whole enjoyed good harvests in 1913 as it did in 1912.

Y angtse 1·ebellion.-The political troubles above alluded to con­sisted of a rebelliop. in the Y angtse Valley against the Government established in Peking a year before, a rebellion which lasted from July 12, when the standard of revolt was raised at Kiukiang, until the fall of Nanking on September 2. During all this time business at Shanghai was practically at a standstill, and the effects of the dis­turbance were felt more or less in every part of the Republic. The Government of Yuan Shih Kai was immensely strengthened by the successful 'suppression of the movement, and by the distaste for political adventure with which the commercial cla:;ses became imbued as a result of the experience of this abortive second rGvolution. The powerfol influence of Chinese traders is now likely to be more and more directed towards strengthening the power of the Central Govern­ment in the interest of peace and order.

Bngandage.-The prevalence of brigandage and consequent insecurity of trade routes is a constant subject of remark in trade reports from all directions-from Mongolia, the far western provinces, Honan, Szechuan and Kwangtung. Of all the provinces the outlook in Szechuan seems the blackest, and Szechuan was until three years ago one of the most important markets for British imports into China. The havoc wrought in that province by revolutions and inter­provincial warfare will tax the energies of the authorities for years to restore. The p;restige of the Central Government is also being sever~ly tested by the operaticns aga'nst the notorirns brigaEd chief

10 CHINA.

White Wolf and his followers, which have up to the time of writing proved a complete failure.

Paper money.-As for the difficulties caused by the excessive issue and consequent depreciation of bank notes, these were dwelt upon in last year's report, and it will suffice here to state that although good promise of amelioration is perceptible in many ways, the situation in Kwangtung, Hunan, Szechuan and other provinces is practically the same as it was a year ago. It is only to be hoped that in this matter, as also in the matter of brigandage, some sub­stantial result of the measures now being taken may be chronicled in the next annual report of this series.

Lack of credit.-Monetary stringency in the provinces, due to the timidity of capital above alluded to, is perhaps the most potent factor in the present depressed condition of the import trade. Throughout the year sycee and dollars kept piling up in the coffers of the foreign banks at Shanghai, but the system under which loans used to be freely offered by the latter to the native banks had been shattered by the disastrous experiences of 1910, and the native banks were in their turn precluded from financing the Chinese dealers, so that the machinery of credit, upon which the large transactions of former years were based, was almost wholly broken down. The bright side of this position was seen when the outbreak of the rebellion in July stopped all business in Shang4ai. Under the former system a financial crisis would have been the inevitable consequence; as it was, the money market was steadied by the knowledge that no unsound credit was being given, and trade was resumed without disaster when peace was restored.

,Exchange.-The course of exchange throughout the year was marked by violent fluctuations. The demand rate of the Shanghai tael fell from 2s. ION. in January to 2s. 6+-i}d. in March, rose again to 2s. 9!d. in May and closed at 2s. 7fd., the average rate having been 2s. 8fd. The injury inflicted on commerce by the unforeseen rises and falls in silver was aggravated by excessive speculation in exchange, the only business in China which suffered no periods of inactivity. The mention of speculation in exchange irresistibly suggests the reflection that the propensity in Shanghai to gamble in shares and stocks of every kind is a serious handicap to legitimate trade.

Hong-Kong and Bri'6h trade.-Tables 3 and 5 appended to this report show the shares taken by each country in the import and export trade respectively with China during the last three years. It would be interesting to take stock of the progress of the trade of the United Kingdom over a wider period, and to compare this with the progress of our principal competitors. A difficulty in the way of such a review is that of apportioning the trade of Hong-Kong. Hong-Kong being largely a port of transhipment, the imports from and the exports to that colony include goods originally carried from and destined to the United Kingdom, the Continent of Europe, America, Japan, Australia, India, the Straits and the coast ports of China. No statistics of the origin or destination of goods are kept at Hong­Kong, and it is impossible to say how much of the Hong-Kong trade

CHINA. 11

is to be credited to any one country. It has been recently suggested that, setting aside the comparatively small portion which represents coastal trade, the balance may be not unfairly credited to other countries in much the same proportion as the whole trade exclusive of Hong-Kong is divided, with the exception that America, Ja pan and Russia should be almost altogether excluded from this division. This suggestion, however, leaves out of account the facts that the merchants in Hong-Kong are mostly British, and likely to deal in British goods, and also that the classes of goods imported from Hong­Kong are mainly the same as those that come direct from the United Kingdom. So far· at least as imports are concerned it is probably fair to credit to the United Kingdom about two-thirds of the Hong­Kong trade. A considerable portion of the balance comes from India, the Straits, &c., and is therefore properly accounted British trade.

Trade with various countries, 1905-13.-Bearing these considerations in mind, the following table is not without interest. The colmtries chosen for comparison with the United Kingdom are Hong-Kong, for the reasons indicated above, Japan, the growth of whose trade is enormously greater than that of any other country, and Germany, for the reason that German competition follows perhaps more closely than that of other European countries the lines of British trade. The heading " Other countries " is inserted only to show the relation of the countries specified to the whole trade; this heading includes the trade of India and of the other British dominions. The figures are approximately in 1,000,000 Haikuan taels.

TRADE of China with Foreign Countries during the Years 1905-13.

United Kingdom­Imports Exports

Total

Hong-Kong­Imports Exports

Total

Japan­Imports Exports

Total

Germany­Imports Exports

Total

1905.11906.[ 1907., 1908.[ 1909.11910.: 1911.11912.1

1913.

. 86 79 78 73 . 68 ! 71 I 96 75 97 18 13 12 13 20 I 18 , 11 16 16

10492Jool----;-fssT-;- 101 _91 1113

1· I i ... 148 145 I 156 150 150 I 171 148 148 172

81 83 : 97 92 9.7 l 109, 104 103 117

... 2291 228 ! 253 I 242 I 247 1 280 252 251 I 289

--1-1--!-, I 61 61 I 57 I 53 60 i 77 : 80 88 119 35 33 . 39 , 37 52 I 62 62 55 : 66

I

... _ 96 I 94 , 96 _ 90 I 112 . 139 142 ·1143 11s5_

15 17 II 1G I 14 15 i 21 i 22 21 I 28 5 6 6 i 7 S 13 • 14 14 17

-20r23!22211

·23343G1

35145 --,------------,--,--

12 CHINA.

TRADE of China with Foreign Countries during the Years 1905-13~ continued.

Other countries­Imports Exports

----:, I ! I I i ! 190;J. 1906. 1907. 1903.11909 .. 1910. 1911. 1912 ' 1913.

I I I : 1

1 I I I I . I ... 151

1

, 126 1

• 122 \ 120 138 !. 137 I 143 : 151

1

170 ... 89 . 101 ' 90 ] 128 162 I 178 180 ! 182 188

Total ... : 240 \ 227 ! 212 . 248 l 30Q 1 315 I 323 I 333 \ 358

Grand total. .. 1

6891664 I 673 !I 687 \ 770 I 857 1860 1853 I 990

Percentages of various countries.-A closer examination of the above figures will show that the percentage of the trade of the United Kingdom and Hong-Kong together to the total foreign trade has fallen from 48 per cent. in 1903 to nearly 41 per cent. in 1913, that of Japan has risen from 14 per cent. to nearly 19 per cent., that of Germany has risen from 3 per cent. to over 4 per cent., and that of other

_ countries has risen from 35 to 36 per cent. ; 40 years ago the United Kingdom and Hong-Kong together accounted for 67 per cent. of the trade, and as trade expands this proportion tends to diminish still further. So long as the trade between the United Kingdom (and Hong-Kong) and China continues to increase in itself, it cannot be said to be in an unhealthy condition. A consideration of the relative growth of the trade of other nations is, however, a useful reminder that the days of unchallenged supr'emacy are over, and that in order to retain that supremacy .a much closer attention to the requirements of the China trade and to the means of supplying these requirements than has been considered necessary in the past is increasingly called for.

II.-lmports. Opium.-The import trade in Indian opium from India has ceased

and the figures in the import returns represent only opium previously brought to China, but released from bond on payment of duty during 1913. Compared with 1912 the figures show a total decrease of 3,792 piculs, or 3,109 chests.* At the end of the year the stocks of opium in China and Hong-Kong amounted to about 14,500 chests as compared with 36,800 chests at the end of 1912; Prices have been rising as the stocks diminish, but the demand remains firm.

Cotton piece-goods.-At the end of 1912 the conditions were cer­tainly favourable for a large import of cotton piece-goods. The trade in export produce was flourishing after a good harvest, and the import of piece-goods has been comparatively restricted during the year. Stocks held in Shanghai amounted to only 6,500,000· pieces, a quantity which could not be considered large. Under these con­ditions piece-goods were iniported during the first three months of the year in unprecedented quantities, thus swelling the total imports of the whole year. In spite of the dislocation of trade caused by the events of the summer these large imports were on the whole fairly

* Patna and Benares opium reckoned at I ·2 piculs to the chest, M:alwa and other kinds at 1 picul to the chest.

CHINA. 1 ... ,)

well absorbed, and the Shanghai stocks at the encl of 1913 were returned at a total of little more than 7,000,000 pieces. One of the results of the lack of credit in the last two years is seen in the growth of sales of piece-goods by auction in Shanghai. In 1909 the pro­portion of piece-goods thus disposed of amounted to 17 per cent. of the total deliveries; in 1912 and 1913 it is estimated at over 30 per cent.

The following table shows the imports into China during the past five years of the principal kinds of plain cottons, i.e., grey and white shirtings, sheetings, drills, jeans and T-cloths :-

___ - -- --

Natio:mlity. ! 1

19)9. I 1910. 1911. 1912. h)l3.

British American Japanese In:lian

Total

I Pieces. 1 · .Pieces. . .. 10,691,448 6,511,126 ... 3,856,231 1,385,819 .. . 1,396,297 2,389,693

133,855 147,9.'52

Pieces. r

11,317.630 i 1,988,061 j

2,832,625 I 21,935'

Pieces. Pieces. 9,618,386 11,705,426 1,930,836 2,~81,123 3,043,747 5,716,594

26,807 40,054

16,077,831 10,434,590 16,160,251 ; 14,619,776 19,743,197 I

,The total, 19,743,197 pieces, is greater than in any year since 1906. The increase over 1912 is chiefly in Japanese grey sheetings and in British gi:ey shirtings. ·

It was pointed out in the general summary above that the total value of cotton goods imported in 1913 exceeded the value in 1912 by 38,000,000 taels. The increased quantities of plain cottons under the heads just enumerated account for 17,000,000 taels of this, and the value of cotton yarn imported in 1913 was nearly 10,000,000 taels in excess of 1912. The balance of increase in value to be accounted for, viz., 11,000,000 taels, is shared by nearly every other item in the list, the principal increases in value being approximately as follows :-

Cotton Italians and la.stings, plain and Taels. figured . .. 4,400,000

1lurkey-red cottons 1,800,000 Cotton goods, uncla.ssed... 1,800,000 Chintzes and plain cotton prints , 1,000,000

In regard to the last item attention must be drawn to the greatly increasing trade in Russian printed cottons, which are competing very seriously with British prints, especially iu Manchuria and North China. These Russian goods reach Dairen and Vladivostok by the Siberian Railway and are thence shipped in increasing quantities to the China markets. The quality is said to be equal to that 0£ the British prints, and the price not much higher. The success of this trade is clue to the care with which the selling organisation has been elaborated, and the remarkably liberal terms oft'erecl to Chinese pur­chasers in the way of credit and option of returning unsuitable assortments. Doubts have been expressed whether this system is sound in the long run, but the British trade in this particular class of goods may be ruined before the unsoundness is demonstrated of the methods by which the competing goods are distributed. The customs analysis of imports for 1912 shows a remarkable increase

ClllNA.

since 1!)09 in the import from Russia and Siberia by land frontier of chintzes and plain cotton prints, and of cotton Italians and lastings ; but the import of these goods from Hong-Kong and the United Kingdom does not appear to have been much diminished. The statistics of origin of imports for 1913 are not yet to hand.

As regards Japanese competition in piece-goods it is noted at Tientsin that this is beginning to make itself felt, not only in the heavier drills and sheetings to which it has hitherto been confined, but in the better qualities, such as fine sheetings, grey and white shirtings, brocades and prints.

Cotton yarn.-The figures in the import table show that although Indian yarn contirrued to increase, a still greater increase took place in Japanese yarn, and that India and Japan now divide almost equally the supply of the yarn imported into China from abroad. Both kinds are met with the increasing competition of the Chinese cotton spinning mills, which again enjoyed extraordinary prosperity, the profits in 1913 exceeding the record of 1912, in spite of four months inactivity from May to August. As will be seen later, the number of spindles erected in Shanghai is constantly increasing.

Metals and minerals.-The total value under this head rose from 2,783,864l. in 1912 to 4,403,784l. in 1913, the principal item of increase being copper ingots and slabs from Japan for use in the provincial mints.

Cigarettes, which increased from 3,800,000,000 in 1911 to 4,300,000,000 in 1912, made a further jump in 1913 to 6,200,000,000. ·

Clothing (an item which includes hats and caps) declined slightly compared with the value imported in 1912. The reaction noted in last year's report against the foreign style of dress continues, but the demand for hats, caps and underclothing is steadily increasing. In connection with the subject of clothing it may be noted that shoes and boots of leather fell from 370,000 to 290,000 pairs ; haberdashery, valued at 130,390l. in 1912, rose to a value of 168,134l. in 1913 ; hosiery rose from 1,346,000 to 2,109,000 dozens ; the value of soap imported rose from 353,000l. to 405,000l. Umbrellas rose from a total of 1,853,000 to 3,041,000 pieces, the increase being chiefly in Japanese.

Dyes.-The increase in the two chief items under this head, viz., in aniline dyes and aTtificial indigo, accounts for more than one-tenth of the total increase in the value of sundries. Anilines having risen from a value of 334,296l. in 1912 to 815,900l. in 1913, and artificial indigo from l,120,564l. to l,455,008l.

Electrical materials ancl fittings rose in value from 256,419l. to 350, 770l. The steady increase shown by the figures for this item <luring several years past is to be attributed to the growing use of electric lighting, a subject which will be dealt with under the head of " Industries."

Fish.-The supply of salt fish for the needs of the population is a task for which one would expect China to be self-sufficient, but 'the experience of the province of Fukien, where the fish-curing industry is being ruined by the exorbitant price of salt, suggests possibilities of great expansioi1 in the import trade in this line. It was found cheaper there to import salt fish from Ja pan and even from British Columbia than to cure· 1ocally. The prospect thus suggested of an

C:lll'.'i'A. 15

opening £or Canadian salted fish in the China market has led the writer to examine the Canadian returns of trade £or recent years to see whether there was an indication in these of the actual beginning of such a business. It is somewhat disappointing to find that the value of fish exported from Canada to China was approximately:-

1910 1911 1912 1913

£ 54,000 23,000 21,000 6,000

Flour and rice.-Flour is, like fish, an article of great potential interest to the British dominions, although at present the United States supply the bulk of the foreign import. The quantity imported in 1913 was 3,091,454 cwts., an amount which, although less by some 700,000 cwts. than in 1912, compares favourably with the imports of previous years. The decline in the import compared with the previous year is probably partly due to the increase in the quantity o,f rice imported from abroad, which rose from 3,158,280 to 6,446,305 cwts. To judge from the greatly diminished surplus of Chinese flour shown by the export returns as available £or export the factor of increased produce of native mills has as yet played little part in checking the importation of foreign flour. ·

Glass, wip,dow.-The considerable increase shown in the import of window glass points to a renewal of building activity in China after the depression of the previous two years.

Machine tools and machinery.-The total entries under these two heads (including cotton gins, which appear separately in the customs returns) amounted in 1913 to a value of l,087,862Z., being an increase of 382,863l. over the corresponding figures £or 1912. The increase is distributed under every item, and especially under the head of" Machin­ery, unclassified," which forms nearly three-fourths of the whole; but the increase in textile machinery may be specially noted in con­nection with the growth of the cotton spinning industry of Shanghai. Hand tools, which are not included in the above figures, rose in value from 30,696l. to 41,337l. A good deal has been written about the rising demand £or hand tools in the China market, and it may be worth while to point out that great as the demand for such articles may be in the future, the trade in them is at present confined, as these figures show, to very small dimensions.

Oil, lcerosene.--The total import of kerosene oil of all kinds amounted to nearly 184,000,000 American gallons, being 14,000,000 gallons less than in 1912. American oil decreased by 11,000,000 gallons and Sumatra by 5,000,000 gallons, while Borneo and Russian increased by 1,000,000 and 2,000,000 gallons respectively. The trade in kerosene oil, depending so much as it does on penetration into the interior, was affected by the adverse factors mentioned in the beginning of this report, especially depreciation of paper money_ and insecurity of trade routes in certain areas.

Sugar.-The total import of sugar (brown, white, refined and candy) in 1913 was 8,466,343 cwts., being considerably more than half as much· again as in 1912. An increase in the consumption of foreign sugar is a fairly good indication of prosperity in China, but there is

lG CJIIXA.

reason to believe that a large portion of the sugar imported in 1913 represents over-stocking, consumption having been checked by the collapse in native credit, which resulted from the disturbances of the· summer. This is especially the case with the Japanese refined sugars, which were unloaded in very large quantities in the Y angtse Valley. In this market Japanese sugar has been for some years competing more and more strenuously with the products of the British refineries of Hong-Kong. One effect of high protective tariffs in Ja pan is that the Japanese consumers are being forced to content themselves with the cheaper semi-refined Formosa and Java sugars, and the Japanese refineries rely on the unprotected China market to ·dispose of their surplus. The Hong-Kong refineries, however, still form the chief source of :mpply of the foreign sugar consumed in China, and soft sugars from Hong-Kong increased largely in 1913. Superior Java sugars ,vere also imported in considerable quantity, in the course of speculative transactions on the part of Chinese operators, with the result that heavy stocks were left in the hands of importers. A trial shipment of German beet sugar is reported to have resulted in slow clearance at unremunerative prices. The experiment of importing beet sugar into China has been tried more than once in recent years, but it does not seem to suit the market.

Tea.--This was imported to the extent of 26,000,000 lbs., being 8,000,000 lbs. more than 1912. This is used for the manufacture of brick tea. Three-fourths of the supply comes from India and Ceylon, the rest from Java and Formosa.

Vehicles.-Tbe entries under this head make a total value of 535,216Z., including 211,567Z. for railway carriages and wagons, and 116,095Z. for locomotives. Both these items show a decrease com­pared with 1912, and in spite of a considerable increase in motor cars and cycles and unclassified vehicles, the total for 1913 is less by 67,467Z: than the previous year. The motor cars licensed in the foreign settlements of Shanghai now number nearly 800, having doubled within the last two years. They are also to be seen in small but increasing numbers on the streets of Hong-Kong, Tientsin, Hankow and Peking.

UL-Exports.

A brief account has already been given of the general conditions of the export trade in 1913 as compared with 1912, and details will be found in 'rabies 6 and 7 annexed to this report. A few supple­mentary remarks are given here"·ith regarding the articles of most interest, treated in the alphabetical order of Table 6.

Beans.--The decline in the export of beans is due to shortage of crops in l\Ianchuria, and would have been greater than it was but for increased supplies from the Yangtse Valley.

Ooal.-'fhe export trade in coal. was more than double that of 1!)12, amounting to 1,500,000 tons, valued at nearly 1,000,000Z. The figures represent chiefly coal from the Kailan and Fushun mines exported to Japan.

Ootton, rnw.-The export of cotton from China decreased by 80,000 cwLR., hnt this docs not nccessnrily denote a shortage of crops, although in the neighbourhood of Shanghai the crops suffered from the excessive

CHl~A. 17

heat and dryness of the summer, and the production in North China was not up to the usual standard of quality. The chief cause of the decline in export was the high exchange prevailing, which enabled Japan to get cotton cheaper from India. It may be noticed that the quantity of raw cotton imported into China was less than half what it was in 1912, and this fact in itself points, in a year when the cotton mills were exceptionally busy, to increased consumption of the native raw material.

In last year's report mention was made of an estimate fu:rnished by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture of the average annual production of cotton during the years 1909-11. The very large figures supplied by the Ministry have excited some comment, and it is perhaps well to emphasise the fact that the production of statistics by Chinese Government departments (always excepting the Maritime Customs) is in a backward condition, and that little attention should be paid to any such figures in the absence of information as to how they are compiled. In reply to a later inquiry the Ministry stated that there were no statistics for 1912 either as to area of cultivation or as to amount of production. An extension of the area under cotton in the province of Shantung has to be noted, an area which will probably extend still further when the promised further develop­ment of railway communication is effected. Cotton from Shansi also made its appearance for the first time on the Shanghai market ; it was found to be freer from moisture than the local supplies.

The customs authorities at Tsingtau have followed the example of Shanghai and Tientsin by establishing a testing-house for cotton. In order to pass tlie test the moisture must not exceed ] 2 per cent.

Flour.--The export of flour from Harbin to the Amur district was sufficient in previous years to constitute a respectable item in the export list (the value in 1912 was 759,000l.); but in 1913 the value dwindled to 03,000l., owing to the ·abolition of the 50-verst free zone on the Russian side of the Russo-Chinese frontier.

Groundntds.-The export of groundnuts rose from 5] ,OOO tons in 1912 to 68,000 tons in 1913. The trade is centering more and

• more in Tsingtau, and as in the case of cotton, the area of groundnut cultivation in Shantung is continually increasing.

Silk.-Although the customs returns show a decrease in the exports of most classes of silk, reports of merchants appear to indicate that 1913 was a satisfactory year. The foreign demand for China silk was somewhat disappointing in view of the shortage of the European crops, but there was a large native demand for raw silks, due to the reaction following the temporary vogue of foreign fashions. The export abroad of raw white silk was slightly larger than in 1912 and establishes a fresh record, steam filatures showing a con:;iderable increase at the expense of other varieties, but there was a m~rked decline in the export of yellow and wild silks. Yields of white silks were generally good, especially at Canton; exports of pongees show a considerable increase over 1912. Political troubles interfered with the trade in many districts. This was the case in Szechuan, where hopes are entertained that the silk industry will some day compensate for the loss of income due to opium suppression. Increas-

( 68J) D

CHINA.

ing quantities of this Szechuan silk are sent to India via Teng Yueh, but the total direct shipments of China silks to India show a con­siderable decrease in 1913, which is disappointing in view of the marked development of this trade recorded in last year's report.

Tea.-The total quantity of tea e:xported in Hll3 was 192,281,200 lbs., valued at 5,125,86ll., against· 197,559,867 lbs., valued at 5,154,588Z., in 1912. There was again a considerable decrease in the exports of black tea, which were nearly 7,000,000 lbs. below the lowest total yet recorded, that of 1905, while green tea also shows a lower. total than has been recorded since 1907. The exports of brick tea, practically all of which is destined for Russia, alone suffered no decline. Very unfavourable conditions for the trade prevailed at the beginning of the year owing to the heavy production of the previous season and the consequent over-stocking of the consuming markets. The year 1913 is chiefly remarkable for the shortage of crops, amounting to as much as 30 per cent. in the case of black teas. Though deficient in quantity the quality of the teas produced was generally superior to that of the 1912 crops. The most serious feature of the China tea trade at present is the inability of the Chinese black teas to compete in any of the world's markets with the products of India, Ceylon and Java. To these a fresh rival must now be added-Sumatra. In spite of the increased consumption of tea at home, the imports of China tea to the United Kingdom are rapidly dwindling. This can only partly be accounted for in the past year by the large quantities of China tea which remained unsold on the London market at the end of 1912. The results of the first few months of 1914 are more promising and the large quantity of unsold stocks is diminishing. The popularity of tea drinking in Europe continues to increase and these markets held out much promise last year, but the imports of China teas both to the Continent of Europe and to Egypt show a considerable decrease in 1913. The public taste at home has been educated to prefer a stronger, more pungent and cheaper article than China at present is able to supply, though experts are of opinion that by means of free advertisement, the use of machinery, cheaper pro­duction and the elimination of the middleman's charges, it might be possible for China to place on the market a tea which could s.uccessfully compete with the cheap Indian and Java teas. The Chinese Government realise the necessity for improvement in the methods of production of tea, and are sending deputies to the principal tea districts to ascertain in what way official assistance can be given.

IV.-Shipping.

Shipping in 1913.-Shipping throughout the year was again fairly prosperous, though the ocean steamer companies complained of a &hortage in exports from China as compared with the previous year. The principal feature in ocean shipping was the increase in regular tonnage across the Pacific, the Canadian Pacific Railway having increased their fleet by two new steamers, the largest and fastest on the Pacific, while the I-Iamburg-Amerika Line started a direct service between Tsingtau and the United States. As regards coast and

CHINA. 19

river shipping, the demand for chartered tonnage was generally in excess of supply, and freight rates were.well maintained. The regular se~vic_es carried good cargoes on the whole, although the Yangtse sh1ppmg trade was, of course, hampered for a time by the military operations on the lower river and at Shanghai.

River conservancy.-The dredging operations of the Whangpoo conservancy were carried on satisfactorily throughout the year. The fiscal measures adopted in 1912 have secured ample provision for future needs, and the safety of Shanghai as a sea port is now reasonably assured.

In. the Haiho (Tientsin River) the fourth cutting described in last year's report was opened on July 15, 1913. The distance from the bund at Tientsin to the mouth of the river is now 36 nautical miles, 12 · 8 nautical miles shorter than the distance before these cuttings were made. The experiment of keeping the Tientsin River open during the winter by means of ice-breakers was tried with complete success.

Another year has passed without any progress being made in the Liao River conservancy scheme. The growing deterioration of this river is one of the main causes of the decline of trade at Newchwang.

Huai River co.nservanC'lJ.-An agreement was signed in January, 1914, whereby the Red Cross Association of the United States under­took to lend 20,000,000 gold dol. to the Chinese Government for the reclamation of certain lake areas in North Kiangsu and the conser­vancy of the waterways. Th.is district has been subject to floods and famine for hundreds of years, and the scheme promises to be of great benefit to China. The security for the loan consists of the lands to be reclaimed, of taxes in the protected regions and of navigation taxes on the Grand Canal.

V.-Railways.

Chinese railway policy and railway revenues.-Although but little progress is to be recorded in actual railway construction, partly owing to the disturbed state of the country during the earlier part of the year, the last few months of 1913 and the first few months of 1!)14 will long be remembered as a period of exceptional activity in the history of international competition for railway concessions in China. On the outbreak of the rebellion in July, the plenipotentiary powers which had been granted to Sun Yat Sen for the direction of railway affairs were cancelled, and his ambitious but visionary schemes of railway construction consigned to oblivion, and since then the sole control of railway matters has rested with the Ministry of Com­munications in Peking. The successful suppression of the rebellion did much to strengthen the position of the Central Govern­ment, and enabled it to turn its attention to other matters, amongst which the problem of railway construction has figured very pro­minently. If the present Government proves strong enough to secure the peace of the country and to assert its authority over the provinces, the next few years should witness a very remarkable development of the railway communications of China. Though foreign supervision

(684) B 2

20 CIIIC\'A.

is still necessary for the efficient working of Chinese railway admini­strations, signs are not wanting that the Chinese are at last waking up to the supreme importance of providing adequate equipment for their railways, and that the provincial opposition to the nationalisation of railways and the employment of foreign capital and foreign engineers is weakening. In all the important contracts secured recently, a return has been made to what are known as "Canton-Kowloon " terms, which stand for stricter foreign supervision and control over railway construction.

Although the figures for those railways, which are entirely under Chinese control, are difficult to obtain, it may be assumed from the returns available for the past year, that the Peking-Mukden and the Peking-Hankow lines are still the only Chinese railways which pay substantial dividends. The success of the latter railway is, however, largely discounted by the fact that little or no provision is made for the upkeep of the line or the acquisition of fresh material, a short­sighted policy which is likely to prove disastrous in the long run. The Peking-Kalgan Railway, which has succeeded in covering its expenses and ending the year without a deficit, suffers from the same defect.

The Tientsin-Pukow and the Shanghai-Nanking railways were interfered with by the military forces during the rebellion in the summer, with the result that their takings were not so large as they should have been. The former line would be far more lucrative than it is at present, if it were efficiently managed and its traffic properly organised, but in spite of the striking example of the Peking­Mukden line, which earns enormous profits for the Chinese Govern­ment, the latter persist in their refusal to employ responsible foreigners to work the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. The profitable working of the Shanghai-Nanking Railway has been seriously delayed by the disinclination of the Chinese management to provide rolling-stock to cope with the ever-increasing freight and passenger traffic, an attitude which may be partly excused, but not justified, by the fact that for various reasons the railway was originally constructed on too lavish a scale. Something has now been done, however, to remedy this state of affairs, and in spite of the vigorous competition of waterways, the eventual success of this line is only a matter of time.

The reluctance of the Chinese Government to link up the Canton­Kowloon and Canton-Hankow lines is a serious detriment to the former railway, which also suffers considerably froni. the competition of local steamer lims. On the completion of the Canton-Hankow line its connection with the Canton-Kowloon Railway by means of a loop line round Canton would put Hong-Kong in direct communi­cation with Hankow and Peking, and add materially to the importance of the Canton-Kowloon Railway, which, instead of being isolated, would form the terminal section of the longest trunk line in China. Such a connection would also greatly benefit the Canton-Hankow Railway itself.

Railway CO'nstruct1·on. Hukwang milways.-Little progress in construction was made in 191!1. The Hunan section has been bought by the Central Government from the Hunan provincial government,

CIII~A. 21

the survey of the whole British section from Wuchang to the Hunan­Kwangtung border is now complete, the purchase of land is going on successfully, and the work of construction has been begun in the neighbourhoods of Wuchang and of Yochow. The line from Canton to the border of Hunan, which is to connect with the British section, has been built by the Canton Provincial Railway Company as far as Sha Hou, 109 miles from Canton, and trains are running to this place. This line will shortly be completed to Hsiukuan (Shiu-chow), but work will then be delayed till the Hunan section is further advanced.

Great difficulty has been experienced in making a successful survey of the American section from Ichang to Chungking, which is expected to prove very costly, and, in cornequence of the uncertainty as to the precise route to be followed by this section, surveys have been abandoned for the time being on the neighbouring German section from Hankow to Ichang. A proposal has recently been made that the latter section should run from Siaokan on the Peking-Hankow Railway via lVIaliang on the Han River to Ichang. From Maliang two branch lines would be constructed, one running south to Shasi, to connect with the line to Singyifu for which the contract has been given to a. British firm, and another north through Anlu, Siangyang and Laohokow to Sianfu, passing through what are said to be valuable trade marts.

It has been definitely decided to continue the Chungking section to Chengtu, thus completing ·a connection by rail between Canton and Chengtu, a distance of some 1,500 miles.

Peking-l{algan Railway.-The Suiyuan extension of the Peking­Kalgan Railway is being pushed on and trains are now running as far as Tatungfu, where it will connect with the railway from Tatungfu to Chengtu, for which a loan has been made by a Belgian syndicate.

Lanchow-Haichow Railway.-Construction is going on rapidly between Kaifengfu and Siichow, where the line connects with the Tientsin-Pukow Railway, and it will not be long before this section is completed. No work has been commenced east of Siichow, as the question of the eastern terminus of the line is still unsettled. Various ports, besides the original choice, Haichow, have been mentioned in this connection, but apparently none have been found satisfactory. The section between Honanfu and Sianfu presents greater engineering difficulties, but work is already in progress on this part of the line.

· Shanghai-Ningpo Railicay.-The Kiangsu section of this railway ·-from Shanghai to Hangchow-which was built by the Kiangsu Provincial Railway Company, has now been resumed as a Government railway, and ,,,,-ill be administered under a British engineer-in-chief, traffic manager and chief accountant, under the terms of the Shanghai­Ningpo Railway Agreement of 1908.

The Chekiang section, from Ningpo to. Hangchow, has now been completed from Ningpo to Paokwan, a distance of 53 miles, and opened to traffic. It is hoped that this section will also shortly be taken over by the Central Government from the Provincial Railway Company, by which it has been constructed.

Kiukiang-Nanchang Railway.-The section from Kiukiang to Tehanhsien (35 miles) has been open for some considerable time, but

•

22 CHINA.

between the latter place and N anchang the line is being constructed in sections by different _contractors, and progress seems unaccountably slow.

Shantung Railway.-The work of reconstructing the old narrow gauge salt iine connecting Hwang Tai Chiao on the Siao Ching Ho with Lokow Harbour on the Yellow River was finished by the end of September, and there is now under construction a short line effecting a junction between this line and the Tsingtau-Tsinan Railway. This line will very shortly be finished and should prove a valuable feeder for the German railway.

Railway concession. Shasi-Singyi Railway.-On July 4, 1913, an agreement was signed by Sun Yat Sen with a British firm, for a line from Canton to Chungking. This agreement was subse­quently cancelled, and on December 18 a preliminary agreement was signed by the Ministry of Communications and the representative of the firm for a railway from Shasi on the Yangtse to Singyi in Kweichow ,province via Changtehfu, Yuanchowfu and K weiyang, with a branch line from Changtehfu to Changsha to join the British section of the Hukwang Railway, a total distance of some 750 miles. An option was also given to this firm for a line from Yunnanfu to Talifu.

With the exception of the Tao-Ching Railway in Honan, built by the Peking Syndicate to serve their mines, this is the first railway which the Chinese Government has undertaken to build by contract, and the experiment may have a far-reaching effect on the great problem of railway construction in China. • Tatungfu-Chengtu Railway.-On July 22, 1913, a loan agreement

was signed by the Chinese Government with a Franco-Belgian Syndicate for an extension of the Kalgan-Tatungfu Railway to Chengtu via Tungkuan, Sianfu and Hanchungfu, with running rights over the Tungkuan-Sianfu section of the Lanchow-Haichow trunk line. This loan was for 10,000,000Z. at 5 per cent. on "Canton-Kowloon" terms. It contained a provision for cash advance, but no clause governing the control of expenditure.

Pukow-Sinyang Railway.-On November 14, 1913, an agreement was signed between the Chinese Government and the Chinese Central Railways, Limited, for a loan to provide capital for the construction of a line from a point on the southern section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway to a point on the Peking-Hankow Railway at or near Sinyangchow, a distance of about 350 miles. The junction with the Tientsin-Pukow Railway is at Wu Yi, 20 miles north of Pukow, and the route to be followed is via Luchowfu, Luanchow, Kwangchow to Sinyangchow.

Connections with South 1Vlanchurian Railway.-A preliminary agreement has been concluded between the Japanese and Chinese Governments for the construction of a line from Ssupingchieh to Taonanfu, and of another from Kaiyuan to Hailung, both to be financed by the Japanese Government. The total distance covered by these lines will be from 300 to 400 miles. The Kaiyuan-Hailung Railway may later be prolonged to Kirin. The Japanese have also been granted preferential rights for lines from Changchun to Taonanfu and from Taonanfn to J ehol.

CHINA, :23

Shantung railways.-On December 31, 1913, the German Govern­ment concluded an agreement with the Chinese Government for the construction of two lines (1) from Kaomi, on the Tsingtau-Tsinanfu Railway, to Ichowfu, and thence to Hanchwang at the junction of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and the Grand Canal, and (2) an extension of the Tsingtau-Tsinanfu line to tap tbe Peking-Hankow Railway at some point between Shuntehfu and Sinsiang. Both railways are to be constructed as Chinese Government raihYays under German direction with German engineers and accountants anl German capital and materials. It is now suggested that this latter line should be continued westwards to Luanfu in South Shansi, and that the existing line from Yenchowfu to Tsining or the new Kaomi-Ichowfu­Hanchwang line should be extended to Kaifeng or Siichow to tap the new Belgian line.

Y amchow-Ohunglcing Railway.-A concession is said to have been granted by the Chinese Government to a French syndicate for the construction of a line from Yamchow (Ch'inchow), a port to the west of Pakhoi in South-West Kwangtung, passing through Nanning, Poseh and Singyi to Yunnanfu, and thence via Suifu to Chungking. This line would connect at Singyi with the line from Shasi to be built by a British firm. Doubts have been expressed whether the line from Y amchow to Yunnanfn will ever be constructed, as it would prove a formidable rival to the existing railway from Yunnan to Hanoi.

Nanking-Hunan Railway.-On March 31, 1914, an agreement was concluded between the Chinese Government and the British and Chinese Corporation for the construction of a railway from Nanking to Pingsiang, in West Kiangsi via Ningkwo, Hweichow and Nanchang, with connections with Wuhu and Hangchow (to join the Shanghai­Ningpo Railway) and a connecting line from the Nanchang-Pingsiang section to a point on the Hupei section of the Hukwang Railway. The agreement provides for the resumption by the Chinese Govern­ment of the Anhui Provincial Railway and for the incorporation as an integral part of the new railway of the 70 miles of line now running between Pingsiang and Chnchow. The total length of the new railway, exclusive of the line connecting it with the Hukwang Railway, will probably be over 700 miles.

VI.-Mining ancl other Industries. Coctl mines.-The Kailan Mining Adrninistration of Chihli had

a successful year, and their total output was 2,036,966 tons against 1,706,658 tons in 1912. The Pekin Syndicate mines in Honan had trouble with water, and their output fell from 549,877 tons in 1912 to 283,510 tons in 1913. The Hungshan and Fangtse mines in Shantung produced 548,600 tons as compared with 573,600 tons in the previous year. No statistics of production are to hand for the Fushun mines near Dairen, but the export of coal from these mines to Japan has considerably increased.

Mining regulations.-lt may be mentioned here that in lVI~rch, 1914, a fresh set of mining regulations was issued by the Chmese Government purporting to lay down the conditions under which

24 CHINA.

foreign and Chinese capital can co-operate for the exploitation of mines in China. These regulations are in some respects an improve­ment on their predecessors of 1903, 1907 and 1911, but it is extremely doubtful whether they are calculated to effect their avowed purpose of attracting foreign capital. At all events they have not been accepted by His Majesty's Government as completely fulfilling the obligation imposed on the Chinese Government by Article IX of the Shanghai Commercial Treaty of 1902.

Cotton mills.-Considerable additions have been recently made to the cotton spinning and weaving mills in Shanghai. The following list, for which I am indebted to the North China "Daily News," shows the cotton mills operating in China at the beginning of 1914. The figures for the spindles and looms in the Chinese-managed mills are only approximate:-

·--·--·----- ----

' ~Iii!. District. Management. Spindles. Looms.

Ewo ... j Shanghai :::I Fo~·~ign Kung Yik ... Shanghai Y angtszepoo Shanghai I Hong-Kong Hong-Kong ... International Pootung Soy Chee Shanghai Laou Kung Mow Shanghai Shanghai Cotton Maun-

facturing Company ... Shanghai Japanese Nagai Wata Shanghai

:::1 Chu Jiu ... Shanghai " Hwa Sheng Shanghai I Cl.

Yu Yuen Shanghai : : : [ 11

0

1~ese

Yu Tung Shanghai Hong Fung Shanghai Anglo;Chinese Shanghai •••!

Dong Cheng Shanghai Soo Lun ... Soochow '

···1

Chi Tai ... Taichong Chung Hsin Wusih Lee Yung Kiangyan Woe Fang ... , Ningpo Tai Wai ... ... \ Hankow Chee Dong Taichong Tnng Kui Yuen Ningpo Yip Ching Wusih Tung Yih Kung Hangchow Ta Sang Cotton Tungchow Hsin Ta Sang ... Tw1gchow Tung Wai Kung Shaoean Kwang Yik Honan

Total ... ... , ---- ------------

... 1 ".

'"i :::1 , .. 1

:::1

". i

72,264 25,676 9,936

45,696 48,200 40,768 40,096

45,872 50,000 10,080 65,000 20,000 15,000 15,000 13,200 11,000 22,500 12,000 30,000 16,000 17,200 90,000 12,000 18,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 20,000 10,300 20,000

865,688

500 300

300

886

350

600

21G

3,152

CIIlNA.

The following additional spindles and looms were under con-struction or projected :-

Spindles. Looms. Ewo 1,500 300 Kung Yik 100 International . " 10,000 200 Soy Chee 10,000 Shanghai Cotton Manufacturing Company ... 40,000 Nagai Wata G0,000 1,362 Ta Sang (Tungchow) ... 200

Total ... 121,500 2,162

It is proposed to transfer the Hong-Kong mill to Shanghai, where it will be worked in conjunction with the Yangtszepoo mill.

A cotton mill owners' association of China was formed in March, 1914, for the protection of mutual interests.

Electric light.-The electric lighting of Chinese · cities continues in spite of financial difficulties, and two or three new installations ill minor towns were carried out during the year 1913, mostly with plant of British manufacture.

Other enterprises.___.:.__Among other undertakings established during the year may be mentioned a telephone service at Changsha, a water­works system at Swatow, a flour mill and a cotton weaving mill at Shasi (Chinese) and an albuinen factory at Foochow.

VII.-M iscellaneous. Cnstoms revenue.-Despite all the troubles of the last two years,

the total collection in 1912 showed an increase of 10~- per cent. O"\:er that of 1911, and the collection in 1913 shows an increase of 10 per cent. over that of 1912, the increase in the two years being over 21 per cent. The figures are as follows :-

1911 1912 1913

------·----

Year. Amount.

Hk. taels. 36,179,825 39,950,612 43,969,852

£ 4,871,085 6,096,629 G,641,279

Exchange per ll.

s. d. 2 Sfo 3 Oi H 0!

Under the headings of opium duty and opium likin there was a total decrease in 1913 of 129,000Z. compared to 1912, but all the other headings show an increase, especially import duties and inward transit dues. Nearly three-fourths of the total increase was con­stituted by Shanghai, but the increase was with slight exceptions (due to decline in opium revenue) general throughout the treaty ports.

Chinese post ~ffice.-The ever-increasing extension of the operations of the post office is a good sign of the material and possibly also of the intellectual progress that is going on in China, 992 new establishments were opened during 1913, making a total of 7,808. The mail matter dealt with (letters, postcards, newspapers, samples, registered articles) rose from 443,000,000 in 1912 to 629,000,000 in 1913, and the number of postal parcels dealt with rose from 3,688,000 in 1912 to 6,177 ,OOO in 1913.

26 CHINA.

Table 1.-GRoss Value of the Foreign Trade of China during the Years 1909-13.

(a) CURRENCY Values.

Year I Gross Native · Imports. Produce.

Exports. Foreign Grand Produce. Total. Total.

1909 1910 1911 1912 1913

Year.

I

Hk. taels. I Hk. taels. i ... 430,048,606 338,992,814 . ... 476,553,402 380,8:33,328 ···i 482,57fl, 127 I 377,338,lGG ···i 485, 72G.080 1370,520,403 ... 586,290,431 403,305,546

I .

Hk. taels. Hk. tae-ls-.--H-k-. -ta-e-ls-.-11,890,539 350,883,353 780,931,.959 13,588,fi08 394,421,8% 870,975,238 11,072,184 388,410,350 870,986,477 12,629,049 383,149,452 868,875,532 16,121,874 I 419,433,420 1,oos,123,851

(b) STERLING Values.

----Gro=---1 Native ~~f~~-~------ Grand

_____ I_m~p£o_rts_._1

_ _!'ro~uce_. __ P_r_o~ __ u_c_e_. ___ T_o£_ta_l_. --, __ T_o_t_l_. _

55,995,912 i 44,139,689 1,548,247 45,687,936 I 101,683,848 1909 1910 1911 HH2 1913

64,160,966 I 51,27a,654 1,829,494 - : 53,103,148 ! 117,264,114 64,971,838 50,803,081 l,490,70fl 52,293,789 : 117,265,627 74,123,824 ! 56,542,957 1,927,245 58,470,202 : 132,594,026 88,554,284 60,915,941 2,435,981 : 63,351,922 151,906,206

I

NoTE.-The above tables do not include the value of goods carried coastwise.

Table 2.-NET Value of the Foreign Trade of China during the Years 1909-13, showing Proportion between Exports and Imports.

Yeur.

1909 1910 1911 1912 1913

(a) CURRENCY Values.

: N~t Imports.* I Exports. Total.

Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. 418,158,067 338,992,814 757,150,881 462,964,894 380,833,328 843,798,222 471,503,943 377,338,166 848,842,109 473,097,031 370,520,403 843,617,434

I Percentuge ! of Exports ! to Im ports.

...

1

570,162,557 4.03,305,546 973,468,103 1

81 82·3 80 78·3 70·7

------- ---------------------------- ---* Net imports, i.e., the value of the foreign goods imported direct from foreign

countries less the value of the foreign goods re-exported to foreign countries during the year.

(b) STERLING Values.

Year. i Net Imports. t I Exports. 1

Total.

-------·---£~--.-- -£- ·---,---£-- --

54,447,665 I 44,13\l,689 98,587,354 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913

62,331,472 51,273,654 113,605,126 63,481,130 50,803,081 114,284,211 72,196,578 56,542,957 128,739,535 86,118,303 G0,915,941 147,034,244

Percen.tage of Exports to Imports.

81 82·3 80 78·3 70·7

t Net imports, i.e., the value of the foreign goodti imported direct from foreign countries less the value of the foreign goods re-exporteJ to fornign countries during the year.

NoTE.-The above tables do not include the value of goods carried coastwise.

CHINA. 27

Table 3.-V ALUE of Total Imports direct from each Country during the Years 1911-13.

Country.

(a) United Kingdom and British dominions­

United Kingdom Hong-Kong India Singapore, Straits, &c .... Other British dominions*

I!) 11.

£

12,116,791 19,959,611 4,986,093 1,041,523

179,791

1!)12. I 1!)13.

£ I £

11,423,368 114,637,591 22,555,104 I 25,924,202 1,118,310 I 1,294,133 1,313,144 ; 1,349,620

320,33s I 387,839

Total ... ' 38,283,809 42,730,324 149,593,385

(b) Non-Asiatic countries (excluding I

United Kingdom)-Russia, European ports Russia and Siberia (via land

frontier) Russia, Amur and Pacific ports France ... Germany ... ... .. . Belgium... ... ... .. . Italy ... ... ... .. . Other countries of Europet .. . United States ... ... .. . South America, Asia M.inor, &c.

Total ... . .. ... (c) Asiatic countries (excluding India,

Straits and Siberia)-Japan (including Formosa) ... Philippines ... ... ... Korea. ... ... ... .. . French Indo-China ... ... Macao (Portuguese) ... ... Dutch East Indies ... ... Siam ... ... ... .. .

l!l,517 38,777

1,258,300 I 1,798,827 1,046,754 1,402,513

406,376 447,492 3,023,463 1,463,142

90,894 513,459

5,496,202 25,186 l

13,343,293 I I

I

i

3,224,518 1,335,514

74,097 636,704

5,523,916 20,946

-----14,503,304

10,704,361 1

13,889,520 5(),040 ! 104,111

337,965 481,517 455,449 i 506,523 876,231 I 977,951 905,369 ' 922,965 '

0,321 '

7,609

44,345

1,851,496 1,450,168

800,448 4,274,842 2,391,116

100,239 1,147,585 5,350,98:l

21,201

17,432,423

18,026,310 210,3t4 532,706 722,283 996,293

1,032,640 7,891

Tota.I .. . 13,344,736 ! 16,890,l!lG 21,528,476

,, imports ... .. . Less re-exports to foreign countries .. .

64,971,838 74,123,824 1,490,108 I 1,921,245

Net imports ... 63,481,1:JO , 72,196,579

88,554,284 2,435,981

86,118,303

* Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa (including Mauritius). t Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland

and Austria-Hungary. NoTE.-The imports from Hong-Kong come originally from the United

Kingdom, the Continent of Europe, America, Japan, Australia, India, the Straits, &c., and coast ports of China.

Table 4.-NET Imports of Principal Articles from Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13.

Articles. 1911.

Cotton goods-Shirtings, grey, plain-

American Pieces 54,560 British 4,097,817 Indian 182 Japanese 30,499 Other kinds ... 4,497

Sheetings, grey, plain-American 1,372,215 l British 162,811 '. Indian 480 j

Japanese 1,628,4631 Other kinds ... 101

Shirtings, white--3,975,4341 Plain ... ,,

Figured, brocaded, striped ' and spotted Pieces 53,992 i Drills-

American 502;905 British 64,916 Indian 141 Japanese 1,024,986 Other kinds ...

1912. 1913.

3,814 45,015 3,210,531 4,109,011

958 28 62,198 184,218

345

1,464,076 1,668,716 76,774 133,883

120 1,945,796 I 3,397,362

I 9,080 . I

4,077,064 i 4,537,900

85,085 70,005

462,287 525,291 75,034 85,708

974 497 824,031 1,677,111

2,820

1911. 1912. 1913.

Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. -,

l , I

Countries from which Chiefly Imported.

1 ~ United Kingdom I )

:1 ! I : !Japan, United States

J

; United Kingdom

'. United Kingdom

I, : I [ ~Japan, United States : I . .J

I

§ ~

z r"

Jeans­American British Japanese Other kinds ...

T-cloths-32 inches­

British Indian Japanese Other kinds

36 inches­British Indian Japanese Other kinds

" Cambrics, lawns and muslins, white, dyed and printed

Pieces Lenos and balzal'ines, white,

dyed and printed Pieces Chintzes and plain cotton

prints... Pjeces Printed drills, furnitures and

twills . . . Pieces Printed sateens, reps, &c.

Pieces ,, T-clotbs ,,

Turkey-red cotton and dyed T-cloths Pieces

53,381 1,352,567

3,350 36,0ll

934,526 20,894

145,182 6,090

129,559 238 145

71

242,800

75,412

780:080

102,563

140,264 141,443

537,727

659 1,102,077

28,255 24,552

994,782 22,707

157,061 5,280

82,124 2,048

26,406

322,262

77,238

793,265

63,779

122,960 105,395

304,073

41,201 1,554,688

86,454 38,525

1,167,640 39,100

370,102 890

116,596 429

1,257

331,856

124,533

1,131,920

82,590

148,103 50,948

985,988

1

11 l I 1 r United Kingdom

1-J

l1 I

I~ United Kingdom I

J

I I i' Hong-Kong, United Kingdom I )

United Kingdom

Hong-Kong

United Kingdom, Russia

United Kingdom

United Kingdom United Kingdom

United Kingdom

NET Imports of Principal Articles from Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued.

Articles. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1911. 1912. 1013. Countries from which Chiefly

Imported . .

Cotton goods-continued. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Cotton- :

J I

Italians, plain, fast, black Pieces 1,495,861 1,183~008 1,745,901 United Kingdom

Lastings- I Plain ...

" 646,476 776,412 1,021,779 United Kingdom

Figured ... ,, 868,716 909,590 : 905,464 I United Kingdom Shirtings-

I Dyed,. plain ... :n I 141,380 248,533 107,970 i United Kingdom Hong-Kong dyed,. plain

i I

j Pieces 107,252 108,110 i 120,723 I Hong-Kong

Dyed, figured, brocaded and i

i

spotted ... Pieces 18,331 27,059 : 33,477 .... Hong-Kong, United Kingdom Cotton- I Spanish stripes, 64 inches i

Pieces 66,628 35,063 ; 47,161 i United Kingdom, Hong-Kong Flannel- ! I

Plain,. dyed and printed I Pieces

'

467,064 563,894 650,812 United States, Hong-Kong, Can Striped ... ., 108,004 121,103 228,218 : Hong-Kong, United Kingdom

ada

Fancy woven cottons ... Yards I

3,253,196 3,838,987 5,705,911 Hong.Kong, United Kingdom Japanese cotton- I

13,312,560 j Cloth ... ... ... "

! 12,503,285 11,928,136 .Japan Crape ... ... ...

" : 394,923 540,022 309,3581 I Japan

Velvets, 22 inches ... "

1,455,360 2,054,775 5,683,791 I United Kingdom, Hong-Kong I I j

Velveteens-261,0041 18 and 26 inches ... Yards 391,640 606,640 United Kingdom, Russia, Hong-

Kong Embossed and dyed velvet

1

United Kingdom cords ... Yards :rn2~srn 326,895 283,605 Cotton blankets Pieces :!46,480 890,530 1,104,924 ,Japan, Hong-Kong, France, Bel-

gium Handkerchiefs ... Dozen 852,139 i 941,005 1,284,684 United Kingdom Towels- I

Honeycomb and huckaback 637,426 Dozen 524,784 873,338 Ja pan, Hong-Kong

Other kinds ... "

906,721 960,095 1,308,258 Japan, Hong-Kong Cotton goods, unclassecl Yards f 44,86G,319 58,092,535 77,436,971 Ja pan, Hong-Kong

" yarn-

British ... Piculs i 7,719 10,965 5,128 ,1 Hong-Kong ... 3,690 I 13,713 9,682 . I

0 Indian 1,058,263 1,295,578 1,330,567 (Ja pan, Hong-Kong, Bri~sh India s Japanese 767,345 949,801 1,300,921 ! ~

Other kinds ... 23,109 28,422 39,065 . j ~ Wooloa or berlinette 39 71 28 United Kingdom Cotton thread-

i In balls ,i 2,658 I 2,412 4,137 Ja pan, Hong-Kong On spools ... Gross 551,722 ! 557,541 639,139 Hong-Kong, United Kingdom

Total, cotton goods ... I 143,802,025 144,088,874 182,419,023 I £ £ £ I

Equiv. in sterling 19,360,845 21,988,563 27,552,873

Woollen and cotton mixtures-Alpacas, lustres and orlean:-; I

Yards 616,466 844,588 746,556 I United Kingdom Union and poncho cloth ,, 1,431,722 I 1,996,216 2:398,974

1 United Kingdom

Italian cloth Pieces 3,055 2,942 1,479 : United Kingdom

~

NET Imports of Principal Articles from Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued.

Articles. I

1911. I

1912. 1913. 1911. 1912. 1913. I

Countries from which Chiefly

i

I Imported.

Woollen and cotton- Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Flannel ... ... ... Yards 72,217 114,834 131,158 ... . .. ... British Indja, United Kingdom Mixtures, unclassed ...

" 2,375,272 4,889,183 3,549,236 ... . .. .. . United Kingdom, Hong-Kong

Total, woollen and cotton mixtures ... 2,370,443 3,061,267 3,461,526

£ £ £ Equiv. in sterling ... . .. ... . .. 319,146 604,506 522,835

Woollen goods- Hk. tae]s. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Blankets and 1·ugs ... Lbs. 784,469 1,348,082 1,619,557 ... . .. . .. Hong-Kong, Russia, &c. Bunting ... ... Pieces 1,393 2,736 1,993 ... ... . .. United Kingdom Camlets ... ... ,, 20,822 16,559 16,098 ... ... . .. Hong-Kong, "C"nited Kingd0111 Cloth, broad, medium, habit.

and Russian ... ., .. Yards 330,790 303,350 351,131 Germany, Hong-Kong Flannel ... ... ...

" 54,111' 74,474 79,430 France, Ja pan, United Kingdom

Lastings ... Pieces 27,662 26,418 I 32,168 United Kingdom Long ells ...

" 45,975 33,712 48,732 United Kingdom, Hong-Kong

Spanish stripes ... ... Yards 327,451 193.305 : 240,919 United Kingdom, Hong-Kong Woollen goods, unclassed

1,218,996 j United Kingdom, Ja pan, Russia, ·&c. Yards 088,108 1,070,282

" and worsted yarn

a.ncl cord ... ... Picu]s n,728 0;577 14,646 Germany, Belgium, United King-dom, &c.

Total, woollen goods ... ... ... . .. 4,297,145 :3,887,322 4,879,281 £ £ £

Equiv. in sterling ... ... . .. ... 578,548 593,221 736,975 I

,,-.,

Miscellaneous piece-goods­Canvas and cotton duck Yards

~ Gunnv and Hessian cloth ...:; - Yards

a

Linen goods and mixtures Yards

Plushes . . . Catties Silk-

P.iece-godds .... ,, mixtures ,,

Stripe cotton cloth, Japanese Catt.ies

Unclassed ... Yards

Total, miscellaneous piece-goods ...

Equiv. in sterling

Metals and minerals-Aluminium ... Piculs

manufactures of Piculs

Drass and yellow metal­Bars, rods, sheets, plates

and nails ... Piculs Wire... ..·. Unclassed

I 985,332 I

3,342,J07

197,950 35,746

118,622 234,662"

10,113 ],050,849

140

133

12,833 2,486 5,261

2,312,651 3,027,757

2,022,120 3,989.858

648,442 186,864 17,338 70,198

118,665 137,114 I

91,647 198:370

3,951 5,915 987,151 1,436.756

I

... . ..

70 136

181 857

12,541 17,485 1,185 3,267 2,306 5,154

Hk t I ae s. I

Hk t l ae s. ... ...

2,563,026 2,346,545

£ £ 345,074 358,003

Hk. taels. I Hk. taels. ...

I

...

!

i l !

I

HI t ls. i". ae . ..

. ..

... ' ... ...

3,435,78 4

£ 518,94 G

I Hk. tael s.

...

I I

Hong-Kong, United Kingdom • Japan

British India, ·Hong-Kong

United Kingdom, Russia United Kingdom, Japan, &c.

France, Hong-Kong, Macao Japan, &c.

Ja.pan United Kingdom, Hong-Kong,

Japan

Ja pan, United Kingdom

Japan

I Hong-Kong, Ja pan

, Japan j Hong-Kong, Ja pan

NET Imports of Principal Articles from Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued.

Articles.

Metals and minerals-continued. Copper-

Bars, rods, sheets, plates and nails . . . . .. Piculs

· Ingots and slabs Wire ... Other manufactures Unc]assed

Iron and mild steel, new­Anchors, anvils, chains and

forgings ... . .. Piculs Bars ...

Castings, rough Cobbles and wire shorts

Piculs Hoops Nail rod Nails and rivets

Pig and kentledge Pipes and tubes Plate cuttings Rails ... Sheets and plates

1911.

5,312 55,796

G,671 471

4,612

10,362 429,028

1,195

408,773 85,458

143,923 217,335

62,446 130,188 299,491 335,610 205,407

1912.

6,119 I

109,009 4,329

616 1,716

i

I I

8,570 i 273,2131'

1,881

I 225,7351

57,202

75,3851 202,303

112,296 I 90,278 :

2G3,321 i 55,983 I

184,252 : j

1913.

8,140 i 200,736 I

5,829 I

688 I

3,440 :

i I I

is,449 I

592 854 I , I

I

607 I

I

340,876 I 89,171

123,3451 329,320 :

130,918 G:l,861

359,829 292,855 357,774

1911. 1912_ __1! ___ 19_1_3_. -~--C-o-un_t_r-ie-s·-f-ro_m_w_h_i_ch-C-hiefly Imported.

Hk. taels. , Bk. taels. ) Hk. taels.

Japan, &c. Japan Japan, Germany United Kingdom, Hong-Kong, &c. United Kingdom, Straits, Hong-

Kong, &c.

United Kingdom, Japan Hong-Kong, Belgium, United IGng­

dom, &c. Russia, Japan, &c.

Belgium, United Kingdom United Kingdom, &c. Hong-Kong, Belgium United Stn,tes, Hong-Kong, Ger-

many United Kingdom, Japan Japan, United Kingdom, &c. United IGngdom, Hong-Kong Russia, &c. United Kingdom, United States,

Hong-Kong, Belgium, &c.

Wire ... Unclassed

Iron and mild steel, old

,, . galvanised­Sheets

Wire ...

Iron ore... ,, ,, and steel manufactures (not including tinned plates, ·enamelled ware, needles, scales, safes and stoves)

Lead-In pigs and bars Tea and sheet Other manufactures

Manganese Nickel ...

,. manufactures of Quicksilver Steel-

Piculs

Bamboo, bars, hoops, sheets and plates... . .. Piculs

Cast, wire, and wire rope Piculs

Tin-n In slabs ~ Manufactures of (not m-

cluding tinfoil) ... Piculs

40,931 76,884

489,285

205,815

39,841

l,527

337,517

129,781 2,900 1,877 3,254

554 95

812

95,062

10,439

32,975

28,439 52,015

54G,204

139,651

36,380

2,354

116,531

96,281 2,619 3,361

275 829

99 813

80,429

7,314

40,142

60,985 ll4,066 639,687

225,646

65,939

1,596

127,0GI

107,620 3,650 7,065

226 1,602

206 oM

138,860

10,841

52,781

5,181

! Germany, Hong-Kong Russia, United Kingdom, &c. United Kingdom, Hong-Kong,

Japan, &c.

United Kingdom, United States, Japan

, Hong-Kong, Germany, United States, &C'.

Uni tcd King~om

Germany, United Kingdom, Russia, Japan, &c.

Hong-Kong, Australia. United Kingdom, Hong-Kong, &c. Japan, Germany United Kingdom, Hong-Kong, &c. Germany Germany Hong-Kong

Germany, Hong-Kong, &c.

United Kingdom, Japan. &c.

Hong-Kong (from Yurman)

Ja pan, United Kingdom, Xether­lands

NET Imports o{ Principal Articles from Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued.

Articles.

Metals and minerals-continued. I Tinned plates . .. . .. Piculs

White metal or German silver Piculs

Zinc-

1911. 1912.

358,408 347,694

3,988 1,675

1913. 1911. 1912.

I Hk. taels. Hk. taels. 363,366

4,108

l 913.

Hk. taels.

Countries from which Chiefly Imported.

United States, United Kingdom, &c.

Hong-Kong, Austria-Hungary, &c.

Spelter .. . . .. ,, 1

Sheets and plates ... ,,

1

1

1,341 12,570

157

7,342 12,666

1,541

8,761 25,266 7,329

Germany, &c. United Kingdom, Belgium, &c. .. Germany Other manufactures ,,

Metals and minerals, un-classed Piculs I 32,191 20,937 11,414 Russia, United Kingdom, Hong-

1----------'·----:-----·-----:-----I Kong, &c. 348 608 104 . . . . . . . . . Ja pan

I

I

1

1 I 21.2U.6l8

I £ . . . I . . .

1 .. . I 2,855,835

l

~~--~~-11·~~-:i-~~-·-~~-!-~~I Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels.

I

... ... l ... 2,727,801 7,748,040 6,738,454 Germany, Japan, Russia 30,559,940 40,124,878 I 32,049,708 2,975,307 4,156,113 3,114,870 India, Hong-Kong, &c.

I ·•• ... 1· ··· 163,075 159,259 , 267,902 United Kingdom, Japan

I 3.6 .. ,230 3.9.,.792 3.8 .. 1264 1,094,438 1 1,142,677 ! 1,165,768 Hong-Kong, Japan

600,788 [ 444,543 J 587,351 Japan, United Kingdom, &c.

Ores, unclassed

Total, metals minerals ...

Equiv. in sterling

Sundries-Arms and munitions . . . . .. Bags of all kinds Pieces Belting, machine . . . . .. Beche-de-mer ... . .. Piculs Books, charts, pictures, &c. . ..

and 18,242,386 29,156,086

£ £ 2,783,864 4,403,784

Braid-Llama ... Piculs 2,260 2,352 2,532 356,665 :145,950 364,956 Germany, Hong-Kong Other kinds ... 427,602 216,000 451,116 Germany, Ja pan

Bran of all kinds ... Piculs 1,479,954 982,048 2,110,089 2,573,717 1,411,832 3,314,718 Hong-Kong Butter and cheese 709,190 761,553 692,039 Russia (land frontier), Au8tralia,

&c. Candles ... 479,456 314,460 579,787 Straits, Dutch Indies, &c. Carpets and carpeting 99,9] 9 7:3,410 117,247 United Kingdom, Japan, Germany Cement ... . .. Piculs nn,:'i:n 489,15G 618,01!) 846,81:J 507,079 608,221 Hong-Kong, Ja pan Cereals, rice

" 6,302,805 2,700,391 5,414,890 18,695,724 11,680,462 18,383,719 Hong-Kong Chemical products (not jn-

eluding match-making ma-terials, medicines and soda) ... t!59,G91 390,306 584,792 ,Japan, Germany, United King-

dam, &c. Chinaware (including crockery §

and earthenware) ... 772,012 815,771 1,210,833 ,Ja pan, Hong-Kong, &c. 1--1 z Cigarettes Thousand 3,837,079 4,339,782 G,209,037 7,591,284 8,672,986 12,589,300 United Kingdom, &c. ~ Clocks and watches Pieces 3l!J,G78 327,198 549,180 599,167 552,981 932,303 Japan, France, &C'. Clothing, hats, boots, shoes

and gloves (other than indiarubber or leather) 3,345,707 6,649,013 6,501,230 Japan, Hong-Kong, &c.

Coal ... Tons 1,5-10,899 1,516,801 1,690,892 8~387,860 8,152,271 9,420,758 Japan, Hong-Kong Confectionery ( not including

United Kingdon1. &c. chocolate and cocoa) 261,576 :J03,777 331,569 Cot-ton gins 328,856 85,935 106,655 Ja pan, United Kingdom

" raw ... Piculs 39:676 279,192 rna,051 905,738 6,179,852 2,982,484 United States~ India

Cutlery and electro-plated ware ... 146,094

Dyes, colours and paints-286,025 266,568 Ja pan, Germany, &c.

Bark, mangJ"ove ... Piculs g:1,654 138,836 107,725 153,8()2 224~947 174,602 Hong-Kong Cinnabar l,GGU 1,565 1,714 1:t~,278 122,:1:33 180,195 Hong-Kong Sapan wood ... 27,431 22.353 23,891 (iQ,531 49,259 :"il,592 Hong-Kong

t.,.:) Dyes, aniline 2,605,625 2,190,610 5,4.01,820 Belgium, Germany, &c. -..:r

NET Imports of Principal Articles from Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued. ~., c.o

------------------------------- - ----

I

·- --------- ________ ..... ___ . , - -- ·---- ·- . - - --·--- -- -------~---. ---- - . ·-

Articles. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1911. 1912. 1913. Countries from which Chiefly

Imported. -----·-

I Hk. taels. I Sundries-continued.

I

Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Dyes, colours and pain~s- I

continued. Indigo-

189,1031

I

Artificial ... Piculs 211,881 319,575 7,594,554 ! 7,342,942 0,633,157 Germany, Belgium Vegetable ... 17,658 ! 20,483 12,620 129,695 I 99,059 56,939 Hong-Kong

Vermilion " 4,soo I 3,626 5,749 258,564 ! 183,921 243,533 Hong-Kong

Dyes and colours, unclassed I

Piculs 110,056 I

82,069 135,649 682,122 533,500 956,500 Hong-Kong, Germany, &c. Paints and paint oil 58,809 I 64,603 72,764 694,674 695,495 862,737 United IGngdom, Hong-Kong, &c. 0

" :I! Electrical materials and fittings i 1,683,697 1,680,288 2,322,339 Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, ;;,

! &c. ?=" Enamelled ware 602,399 775,552 1,148,395 Austria.Hungary, Hong-Kong, Ger-

many Explosives ... Piculs 6,778 5,G85 6,151 150,489 J31,127 189,650 United Kingdom, Germany, Japan Fish and fishery products (not

including beche-de-mer, I

isinglass and sea weed) Piculs· : 1,180,643 1,204,893 1,473,288 10,062,819 10,551,192 12,974,540 Hong-Kong, Japan

Flour "

2,183,042 :3,202,501 2,596,821 8,708,451 12,693,839 10,300,612 Hong-Kong, United States Furniture and !lla.terials for

making 760,610 555,424 582,672 Japan, Hong-Kong, United King-dom, &c.

Ginseng ... Catties 173,551 304.,303 334,816 759,710 984,558 1,649,396 Hong-Kong, Japan Glass, window ... ... Boxes 194,734 205,647 311,050 632,540 644,755 1,141,644 Belgium, Hong-Kong, &c.

" and glassware 979,939 656,595 1,090,020 Japan, Hong-Kong, Belgium, &c.

Haberdashery ... 907,965 854,434 1,113,162 United Kingdom, Hong-Kong, &c.

Hosiery ... Dozen 733,629 1,345,959 2,109,301 I 844,484 ( 1,230,881 I 1,913,703 j Hong-Kong, Ja pan, Germany Instruments and apparatus,

scient,ific (including medi- I Cnited Kingdom, Ja.pan, &c. cal, optical and surgical) ... 724,299 567,369 739,526 Jewellery, real and imita.tion ... 176,508 98,841 140,661 United Kingdom, Straits, &c. Lace and trimmings ... 453,773 I 276~034 774,025 Germany, &c. Lamps and lampware ... 1,051,435 1,096,931 1,372,558 Ja pan, Germany, Hong-Kong, &c. Leather ... ... Piculs 67,127 02,711 109,295 4,383,083 6,413,685 7,178,921 Hong-Kong

u manufactures of ( not including boots, shoes and gloves) 426,871 392,568 380,102 Ja pan, Russia, &c.

Machine tools ... 27,438 18,239 50,454 Germany, United Kingdom, Ja pan Machinery-

Agricultural ... ll,007 60,798 112,700 Russia Propelling ( as turbines, &c.) 444,149 544,198 642,209 United Kingdom, &c. For the textile industry ( as §

carding, colour-printing, 1-4

weaving and other ma- 1.7-j

tChines, except cotton gins) 323,522 454,722 836,864 United Kingdom, &c. :> For brewing, distilling,

sugar manufactures, &c. 44,884 32,771 48,518 United Kingdom, &c. Other kinds, and parts of

machinery ... 5,528,416 3,423,123 5,404,977 United Kingdom, Belgium, Ger-many, &c.

Machines, embroidering, knitting and sewing 440,986 1,275,900 884,277 Hong-Kong, United States, "C'nited

Kingdom Manures (including chemical

manures) ... ... Piculs 761,519 821,255 908,557 592,261 707,048 948,476 Hong-Kong Matches ... ... Gross 24,170,105 30,090,020 28,448,155 5,298,419 6,985,146 6,341,158 Japan, Hong-Kong Match-making materials 1,200,717 1,520,143 1,589,219 United States, Hong-Kong, Japan lv!edicines (including worm

tablets) 3,148,892 2,930,343 4,026,874 Hong-Kong, &c. c.,=, C

NET Imports of Principal Articles from Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued.

Art,icles.

Sundries-continued. Milk, condensed, in tins

Needles ... Oil-

Engine Kerosene-

'=. American ... Borneo Burma Japanese Russian

Dozen Thousand

Gallons*

Sumatra ,, Vegetable, of all kinds (not

including essential oils) Gallons

Paper (including cardboard) ... Photographic materials Printing and lithographic ma-

terials (not including ma­chinery)

Sandalwood ... Piculs Seaweed and ngar-agar ,, Shoes nnd boots, leather Pairs Silk and cotton ribbons

1911.

334,163 4,233,029

2,250,062

1157,535,401 26,027,918

9,900 20,460

2,833,672 . 49,470,898

I l,71ii,865

100,50(, rn:1,91:i 2:{7,904

1912. 1013. 1911. 1912. 191:l. ---- _________ i

I 387,253 : 483,720

3,333,977 i 4,929,710

2,391,041 i 2,449,586

123,441,777 Jn2,459,925 22,423,644 1 23,603,943

691,981 : 23:470 i :34,265

3,975.648 ! 5,970,271 47,345,842 i 41,915,648

2,320,931

88,019 (i57,187 ;}7:3,524

1,590,876

83,7GH G:35,078 2!)2,632

Hk. taels.

559,242 962,753

652,441

23,367,157 3:668,593

1,089 4,696

551,286 i

7,219,562

1,410,271 5,605,755

260,631

30:3,742 9:30,75G

1,425,527 571,BSO 024,8:35

Hk. taels. Hk. taels.

612,204 782,078 120,62s I 1,04s,114

I 629,078 708,467

14,127,132 2,978,748

37,779 5,705

821,938 6,874,499

l,983,G04 4,303,712

255,990

270,275 775,106

1,7 .:Js,:10:1 GHl,02!) f>08,8i:3

14,349,720 3,443,700

5,262 1,177,292 6,426,871

1,7:37,181 7,160,255

31.4,728

400,297 802,780

1,714,009 <-I-G7,48H 5W,493

Countries from which Chiefly · Imported.

Hong-Kong, United States, &c. Germany, Belgium, &c.

United States, &c.

1 l

l Gnitccl States, Straits, Hong­[ Kong I j

Hong-Kong, &c. Japan, Hong-Kong, Germany, &c. United Kingdom, Japan, &c.

tTapan, United States, &c. Hong-Kong ,Japan Russin, tTapan, &c. France, .Ja pan

Soap 2,233,927 2,315,970 2,684-,511 j United Kingdom, Hong-Kong, Japan

Soda ... Piculs 362,841 379,308 4.88,255 1,044, us 915,888 1,127,810 United Kingdom Stationery (not including

paper) 1,019,644 931,065 1,291,135 United Kingdom, Japan, Ger-many, &c.

Stores, household 2,616,601 3,617,848 4,110,330 Russia, Japan, Hong-Kong, &c. Sugar-

Brown ... Piculs 1,109,329 l,310,(H7 2,277,593 4,606,846 5,331,705 9,236,844 Hong-Kong White 976,806 1,199,61:3 1,933,067 5,265,160 7,065,740 10,633,853 Hong-Kong, Dutch Indies Refined 2,016,578 1,717,976 : 2,627,007 11,226,464 9,896,400 14,592,513 Hong-Kong, Ja.pan Candy 213:043 226,450 I 273,461 1,503,063 1,617,730 1,84-3,260 Hong-Kong

Tea-British, India and Ceylon

Piculs 93,043 117,420 146,795 2,697,707 3,3~l] ,999 3,934,546 } India, Japan Japan (Formosa) 23,174 13,181 I:l,930 47:3,151 464,s:n 110,776 C'::

Java ... 8,508 7,7:34 33,501 211,609 160,571 742,274 ~ " z Telegraph and telephone ma-

?" t.erials !- 3.37,980 334,559 719,4-51 Germany, United Kingdom, ,Japan, &c .

. Timber-Hard wood Cubic feet 3,471,844 2,069,851 : 2,660,682 1,526,863 835,18:3 l ,073,986 Hong-Kong, Japan Soft wood Square feet 97,877,174 77,163,673 159,602,884 2,488,735 1,682,478 3,881,077 United States, ,Japan

Tobacco ... Picu]s 97,698 142,931 : 161,586 2,346,784 3,078,156 3,572,560 United States, Hong - Kong, Russia

Toilet requisites 395,821 698,592 896,861 Japan, Hong-Kong Tools, hand 265,778 202,174 273,677 Germany, United Kingdom,

Umbrellas-Japan

European Pieces· 475,:390 552,025 776,3:p 326,148 :-J6S,i32 483,878 }Japan, Hong-Kong Japanese 1 ,G:35,890 1 ,301,14-6 2,265,119 82:J,824 618,477 973,922

* American. ~ ....

NET Imports of Principal Articles from Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued.

Articles.

Sundries-continued. Vehicles-

Locomotives and tenders

Railway carriages and wagons (including tram­cars)

Traction and road engines ... Motor cars ...

,, cycles Velocipedes (bicycles, &c.) ... Other kinds ...

Waters, aerated and mineral... Wines, beer, spirits, &c.­

Beer and porter Spirits

Wines Other beverages (cider, lime

juice, &c.) ... Woods of all kinds (not in­

cluding sandalwood~ timber and dye-woods) ·

1911. 1912. 1913. 1911. I

l9l3. Countries from which Chiefly

I Hn_2· --·--- . ___________ 1.m __ P_o_rt_e_a_. -----

Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels.

2,398,824 889,817 768,628 Russia~ United States, United

1,168,970

16,358 286,860

5,187 97,925

137,577

177,090

735,04,9 918,316

1,459~471

99,84:9

895,585

2,308,953

4,798 250,610

4,027 86,787

404,329

167,666

736,657 1,273,088

1,171,163

71,202

843,377

1,193,823

2,996 483,995

12,917 105,556 975,583

198,488

724,177 1,112,757

1,212,803

1,156,786

Kingdom

Germany, United Kingdom, Japan

United Kingdom United States, United Kingdom,

Germany, &c. Canada, United Kingdom, &c. United Kingdom, Japan, Germany Japan, France, United Kingdom,

&c. Japan, Hong-Kong, France

Japan, Germany, &c. Russia, United Kingdom, Hong­

Konrr Ja pan,e France, Germany, &c.

Japan, France, &c.

Hong-Kong, Ja pan, Russia

Unenumerated ...

Total: suncMcs ...

Equiv. in sterling

Grand t.ota.l

Equiv·. in sterling

!. s1 ,3o:,918 lq~o,~~2,7~~ 18~,~5~,29: !

2.J:9,00~,941 :""02,363,Sl,3 30n, 181 ,84·,>

I £ I £ i £ i 33,524,61G 138,588,079146,186,7061

-----i Hk. taels. I Hk. taels. ·1 Hk. taels. !

i471,503,94H

1

473,09~,031 ;570,162,557

i £ I £ , £ 163,481,130 I 72,196,578 i so,118,303

NoTE.--The column showing countries from which the articles are chiefly imported is compiled from the customs a.nalysis of imports for 1912. Aiter each article the countries are named in the order .of gross imp01·t ,,alue in 1912, and the Jist of countries in each case is closed when at least 7fi per rent. of this value has been accounted for.

4-t. CIIINA.

Table 5.-V ALOE of Exports Direct to each Country during the Years 1911-13.

Country. 1911.

(a) United Kingdom and British I £ dominions­

Uuited Kingdom Hong-Kong India

... 1 2,328,469 13,957,619

···1 782,196 Singapore, Straits, &c .... Other British dominions*

:::1 762,000 276,937

Total I 18,107,221

(b) Non-Asiatic countries (excluding United Kingdom)-

Russia, European ports Russia and Siberia (via land

1,102,338

fronfrr) 419,271 Russia (Amur and Pacific ports) 5,306,805 France . . . 5,2G4,558 Germany ... ! 1,897,779 Belgium... I 9ll,685 Italy 1,258,292 Other countries of Europet 1,287,863 United States ... ... . .. 'I 4,572,983 South America, Asia Minor, &c. 571,665

Total ... \ 22,593,239

(c) Asiatic countries (excluding India, j

Straits and Siberia)- I

1912. 101:l.

- - ----~-------

I

£

2,426,348 15,776,854 1,155,626

967,432 222,507

i 20,548,767

710,073

555,460 5,631,685

1 5,922,436 2,188,164 1,000,317 1,654,626 1,605,397 5,348,761

616,559

£

2,468,!)8!) li,691,308

!)34,994 1,140,774

189,021

, 22,42-3,086

467,599 ii,56-1,056 6,154,915 2,571,518

!)88,779 1,256,370 l,6!)3,2Gl fi,686,764

577,291

\ 25,233,478 \ 2,3,7!:3,907

I I Japan (including Formosa) ' 8,353,937 8,433,212 I 9,899,903

I

I i

Philippines Korea Frencli lndo-China Macuo (Portuguese) Dutch East Indies Siam

Total

exports

19,683 29,188 I us,101 469,935 I 830,682 1.029,042 179,151 I 228,494 . 285,027 •••I

638,841 I 697,874 748,015 195,351 246,084 393,473

... i __ 24_5_,_72_3_, __ 2_9"_-,_1_78 ___ 30_6_,_29_1 __

I 10,102,621 10,760,712 I 12,776,948

. . . 50,803,081 !

56,542,957 160,91.3,941

* Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa (including Mauritius). t Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland

and Austria-Hungary.

NOTE.-The exports to Hong-Kong are further carried on to the l'nitcd Kingdom, the Continent of Europe, America, Japan, Australia.,· India, the Strnits, &c., and coast ports of China..

Table 6.-EXPORTS of Native Goods to Foreign Countries dur1ng the Years 1911-I:3.

Articles. 1911. 1912~ 1913. 1911. l!Jl2. HH~t Countries to which Chiefly Ex1Jortcc.l.

I

Animals, live- ! I Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Cattle ... ... Head 60,524 1 77,949 86,565 2,012,117 2,900,022 3,078,497 Russia Pigs

" 229,647 266,125 277,848 1,919,103 2,219,361 2,720,544 Hong-Kong, &c.

Aniseed, star ... Piculs 12,864 15,254 11,019 248,643 350,403 236,921 Hong-Kong (for United Kingdom, Europe and United States)

Bamboo and bambooware 1,141,020 1,019,758 1,139,247 Hong-Kong, Maca_o Bean cake ... ... Piculs 10,398,559 8,162,989 11,818,443 21,415,128 17,642,648 24,962,787 Japan Beans 11,038,340 10,934,180 10,325,964 26,585,543 23,374,159 23,296,876 Russia, Japan, United Kingdom,

Hong-Kong, &c. 0 Bran 571,270 746,650 1,027,396 604,828 848,256 1,163,187 lapan, Russia ;:r:

Bristles 53,817 47,105 52,715 4,339,112 3,741,121 4,435,336 United Kingdom, United States, z France ~

Cassia lignea 95,245 69,859 100,768 1,819,156 1,173,626 1,325,477 Hong-Kong Cereals-

Wheat ... 1,926,121 1,376,689 1,848,071 3,802,971 3,838,452 4,761,505 Russia Other kinds

" 1,190,781 1,075,194 2,188,780 2,483,576 2,419,188 4,752,314 Russia, Ja pan

Chinaware, earthenware and pottery ... ... Piculs 435,598 453,723 492,906 1,966,830 1,921,742 2,132,269 Hong-Kong, &c.

Cigarettes ... n 11,419 13,607 7,447 547,415 795,815 364,681 Korea, Hong-Kong Clothing, Chinese, a.nd boots and

shoes 1,354,988 1,113,369 822,177 Hong-Kong, Russia Coal ... Tons 326,610 680,517 1,489,182 · 1,906,182 3,362,609 G,592,078 Ja pan, Korea, Hong-Kong Cotton-

Raw 877,744 805,711 738,790 21,404,115 17,021,093 10,234,944 Japan, &c. Was1'e 36,591 37,110 56,103 203,923 230,536 351,0271 Germany, United Kingdom, &c.

Curiosities ... 600,426 693,801 910,303 United Kingdom, France, United I States ~

:.,,

EXPORTS of Native Goods to Foreign Countries during the Yearn 1911--13-continued.

Articles.

Egg, nlbumen and yolk ... Piculs Eggs, fresh and preserved

Pieces Fans

Feathers, <lurk, fowl, &c. Piculs Fihres-

.Abutilon Hemp ... Jute Ramie ...

Fire-crackers and fireworks Piculs

Firewood ... Fish and fishery products Flour of cereals ... Fruits-

Dried and preserved Fresh of all kinds

Grasscloth ... Ground nuts Hair, human Horns, cow and buffalo ... Leather

" Mats Matting

Pieces ... Rolls

I 1911. 1912. 1913. 1911.

1 -~~~~H-k ___ t_a_e-ls-.

I 120.020 125,167 155,973 I 1,639,034

'278,561,624 :29 I, 705,236 I 363,202,144 I 2,208,699 58,018,453151,861,573 54,070,630 684,668

89,2361 91,408 408,975 1,309,728

4,864 927 1,043 30,640 40,665 ! 74,641 80,913 374,118 43,924 I 52,341 105,404 239,655

153,140 I 178,4-15 171,126 1,965,553

142,2461 158,4-93 155,578 3,734,305 2,"500,510 2,248,162

121,926 154,889 210,867 660,889 i 637,484 139,206

189,927 198,953 225,258 597,321 575,161 548,803

I6:410 J 8,465 15,550 1,073,895 850,756 1,145,089

10,379 24,4 n I 27 ,!309 12,688 ! 5,220 I 8,G46 17,521

1

1

21,270 I 18,514 28,259,915 23,208,79(; 21,839,088

429,371 290,160 266,231

3,479,570 1,481,186 1,400,957 2,523,789

1,607,162 ] ,007,027 I

1,559,965 4,562,841 l,:374,7fH1

108,7:J:l 5(.H,245

1,838,640 1·

3,286,360

1912.

Hk. taels. 1,984,578

2,309,946 497,413

1,239,220

5,038 I

642,181 277,791

2,264,456

3,19,5,690 974,791

1,617,683 3,2(jl,968

1,684,323 l,4!.in,588 2,012,927 8,598,991 l,288,(i91

4G,:~~!7 7:J2,G47

1,59G,900 2,173,466

1913.

Hk. taels. 2,943,956

2,788,061 492,386

1,484,857

5,048 626,033 715,30£i

2,488,874

3,199,953 754,52]

1,898,815 610,112

1,553,544 1,485,977 1,566,:305 5,038,217 1 ,058,:357

GCi,47!) 5D3,280

1,786,871. 2,051,799

i

'.countries to which Chiefly Exported. I

Germany, Belgium, &c.

Hong-Kong, Ja pan, Russia Hong-Kong (for South China and

abroad) Hong-Kong, Germany, &c.

Japan Hong-Kong, Japan, Germany, &c. lTapan, Hong-Kong, France, &c. Japan, Belgium

Hong-Kong Hong-Kong, .Russia Hong-Kong, &c. Rm::sia

Hong-Kong Hong-Kong, Straits, &c. Korea, Hong-Kong (for abl'oad) France, Hong-Kong, &c. Hong-Kong Hong-Kong, ,Japan, France Hong-Kong Hong-Kong, Macao Hong-Kong

Meats-Fresh or frozen (beef, mutton,

pork, &c.) 1,038,080 1,455,601 1,792,444 Russia

Prepared or preserved (includ-ing lard and preserved game and poultry) ... 1,790,584 1,820,087 1,940,959 Hong-Kong, Straits

Poultry and game (fresh or frozen) 14,582 117,874 247,518 Russia

Medicines ... 3,155,424 3,028,413 3,789,058 Hong-Kong

Metals and minerals-Antimony-

115,520 I Regulus, crude and refined

Piculs 223,656 215,4Q(j 707,912 1,804,620 942,519 United States, Belgium, France,

I &c.

Ore ... 112,631 33,976 71,924 470,055 84,563 149,991 France, Hong-Kong

Iron and steel- 8 Manufactured 19,276 74,305 H),557 97,436 294,838 110,424 Japan, &c. ~ -Unmanufacturecl I, 153,130 134,023 1,071,311 1,498,557 209,259 1,320,104 Japan z

Iron ore 1,856,753 3,386,081 4,530,160 249,921 456,030 609,744 Japan r""

Lead 185 329 693 1,149 3,382 2,744 French Inda-China

,, ore 89,458 70,681 67,220 124,121 99,760 130,928 Belgium

Quicksilver 307 71 35 29,087 6,318 3,599 Hong-Kong

Tin in slabs 100,129 I 145,227 138,688 6,435,537 11,711,417 10,916,906 Hong-Kong (for abroad)

Zinc-Spelter 11,742 12,573 15,017 88,953 80,976 96,761 French Indo-China

Ore ... " 76,053 118,559 157,860 . 51,857 112,561 110,503 Germany, Belgium

Metals and minerals, unclassed Piculs 26,878 34,637 47,025 177,872 352,804 367,754 Ja.pan, &c.

Ores, unclassed 13,557 48,314 139,518 4,520 25,651 52,980 Belgium, Hong-Kong

Musk 48:0561

60.1,947 377,7:36 I 511,497 France, United States, India, &c.

Nankeens ... ... Piculs 47,184 44,412 I 2,683,042 2,:}28,Q9!) I 2,358,551 Hong-Kong, Russia

Nut-galls ... 50,723 so,204 I 55,645 939,248 810,556 i l,Q70,409 Germany, Belgium, United States, i I &c. I+:--

-:r

EXPORTS of Native Goods to Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued. -------------------------------- -~----

1913. !countries to which Chiefly Exported. Articles.

Oil-Bean ... Piculs Grormdnut Vegetable, other kinds

Oils, essential (aniseed, cassia.-leaf; &c.) ... Piculs

Paper

Rhubarb ... Samshu Seed-

Apricot ... Cotton Melon ..• Rape Sesamum Other kinds

Seed-cake ... Silk-

Raw, white-

"/

Not re-reeled or not steam filature ... Piculs

Re-reeled Steam filature "

1911.

713,547 260,793 556,326

6,912. 281,633

8,966 135,928

25,071 222,972

49,164 299,259

2,073,076 442,262

1,102,986

'12,011

15,179 55,416

1912.

525,688 304,216 672,236

4,847 262,513

11,868 139,155

37,397 307,638 43,041

805,958 1,999,761

976,699

844,719

20,876

22,429 56,678

1913.

491,817 256,573 568,268

7,530 249,475

16,841 141,296

46,020 182,494 53,249

616,773 2,034,647

755,586

1,312,949

1911. 1912.

Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. 5,834,370 3,949,829 3,732,012 Belgium, Japan, &c.

Hong-Kong 2,s20,2s4 3,552,069 I 2,832,998 5,410,327 , 6,643,497 I 4,849,182 United States, Hong-Kong, Ger­

many, United Kingdom

856,9741 900,421 I 1,194,903 3,582,397 ' 3,250,359 3,181,543

Hong-Kong Hong-Kong, Straits, French Indo­

China 132,475 830,031

534,849 239,509 383,844 983,639

11,738,849 1,183,563

1,103,357

152,322 85G,43G

773,801 353,120 353,682

2,599,281. 11,905,845 3,323,273

887,130

218,818 Hong-Kong, Germany, Fmnce, &c. 877,615 I Hong-Kong, &c.

971,861 Germany, Hong-Kong, Italy 222,350 Ja pan 480,768 Hong-Kong

1,942,480 I Ja pan, France, &c. 12,372,194 Netherlands, Germany, &c.

1,87:l,589 I France, Russia, United Kingdom, I Japan, Germany

1,410,849 I Japan

11,617 5,447,774 7,919,621 4,879,365 British India, France, Hong-Kong, · i Italy

20,553 8,784,403 10,457,372 10,547,082 \ United States, France 68,342 36,779,594 34,377,497 45,602,397 \ Hong-Kong, France

Raw, yellow-Not re-reeled or not steam

,,-.. filature ... Piculs 12,959 19,414 17,633 4,503,983 5,906,131 4,866,266 India, Levant ~ Re-reeled 118 I 59,284 425 Italy 00 If- Steam filature 411 2,479 1,199 176,575 1,073,020 446,123 France, Ita.ly - Raw, wild-

Not steam filature 25,963 21,299 29,053 6,843,014 4,410,493 6,983,583 France, Italy, &c. Steam filature 7,868 I 14,862 609 2,339,603 3,546,598 184,859 United States, France

Cocoons ... 20,92s I 22,897 25,469 1,920,825 2,459,529 2,328,098 Japan, France Waste ... 118,081 103,635 116,860 I 6,681,489 5,487,364 6,672,728 Hong-Kong, France, United King-

dam Cocoons, refuse 38,240 36,226 26,049 973,140 905,590 645,781 France, Italy Piece-goods 16,837 16,424 17,751 12,426,200 11,470,197 14,235,709

1

Hong-Kong, Korea Shantung pongees 11,236 12,115 16,749 I 4,624,671 4,633,590 6,368,069 j Hong-Kong, France, United King-

dom, &c. Products, unclassed 1,115,077 909,014 844,754 Hong-Kong 0

Skins and hides, undressed- ~ Cow and buffalo ... Piculs 302,483 329,397 498,038 8,733,839 8,768,669 15,184,344 France, United States, Hong-Kong, z

11,3841 Germany, Italy, &c. ~

Horse, ass and mule ,, 1,676 3,815 36,419 82,926 245,821 Japan, Russia, &c. Goat (untanned) Pieces 7,757,222 5,923,265 7,153,693 ! 4,438,327 3,322,443 4,067,708 United States, &c. Sheep ... 282,560 376,570 552,425 93,578 147,383 234,829 United States, Russia Unclassed 35,697 31,769 56,552 Hong-Kong, Ja pan

Skins, dressed-4as,1ss I Goat (tanned) .. ; . Pieces 749,634 639,992 309,992 499,608 431,320 United Kingdom, United States

Kid 91,905 I 107,781 112,347 20,030 28,423 25,517 United Kingdom, &c. Lamb ... 375,451 I 356,890 587,151 450,332 396,277 670,326 United Kingdom, Germany Unclassed I 5 490 486

Skins, dressed, made up-Dog, clothing, mats and rugs

Pieces 381,612 423,568 591,118 186,388 230,115 430,715 United States, &c. t;j Goat-

Clothing 321 216 721 4,126 377 1,217 Hong-Kong Mats and rugs 695,329 404,870 328,577 696,911 414,314 358,554 France, United Kingdom, Germany *"'" C

EXPORTS of Native Goods to Foreign Countries during the Years 1911-13-continued. 01 0

---------------l

.Ai·ticles. 1911. I 1912. 1913. 1911. 1912. 1913. !Countries to which Chiefly Exported.

I ------------- •• .----r-----~---• - • - ---··· ----- ----

Skins, dressed, made up-contd. I Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels.

Kid, clothing ... Pieces 152,763 i so,620 I 93,483 214,568 111,573 I 138,330 United Kingdom, France

Lamb, clothing " 57,088 64,817 : 68,393 274,452 228,0461 211,709

1 United Kingdom, France

Sheep, clothing, • mats and i rugs ... Pieces 97,210 1,os4 I 41,618 101,724 12,5441 46,696 United Kingdom, Russia, United

States

Unclassed 62,686 37,046 65,241 United Kingdom, France, Germany

Skins (furs), dressed and un-dressed- i

Fox Pieces 31,196 52,807 ! 107,069 168,827 281,689 517,137 United Kingdom, France, Germany

5 Marmot ... 54,156 215,274 i 279,264 14,779 54,436 68,122 Russia, Hong-Kong, United King-

45,799 ! dom, &c. ~

Raccoon 82,041 226,787 45,691 I 25,881 124,095 United Kingdom, &c. !> Sable 1,256 69 ' 737 27,586 ! 1,691 15,099 Russia

Weasel ... 710,549 597,383 1,033,582 161,823 140,673 221,349 Germany, United States, &c.

Tails of all kinds 47,356 14,098 10,847 United Kingdom, Germany

Unclassed 394,000 365,890 652,379 United Kingdom, Russia, Ger-many, &c.

Straw braid ... Piculs 120,758 127,143 101,037 10,293,446 7,643,559 5,074,043 France, United States, &c.

Sugar- I

1,201,6861 Brown 224,437 . 303,202 108,512 943,991 f 444,756 Hong-Kong

White ... 27,263 ; 20,369 551 162,568 i 129,2s1 1 2,950 ! Hong-Kong Candy ... 194 ! 84 96 1,654 828 I 883 Russia, Hong-Kong Cane 140,110 ! 200,274 168,386 158,296 2~1,orn I 181,703 Hong-Kong

Tallow- I I

Animal ... 41,240 f 33~681 122,781 I 443,835 298,873 1,275,687 Japan, Russia Vegetable 44,995 I 214,349 220,998 480,652 2,333,759 '. 2,206,961 United Kingdom, United States,

I I Italy, &c.

Tea-­Black

Green Brick, black and green Tablet ... Dust ,,

Timber and wood of all kinds ... Tobacco, leaf and prepared

Piculs Varnish ... Vermicelli and macaroni Wool-

Camels' ... (Hair) goats' Sheep's ...

Unenumerated

Total

Equiv. in sterling

734,180

299,237 416,656

9,073 3,657

H)9,048 12,377

237,570

27,569 9,428

317,569

648,544

310,157 506,461

8,499 8,039

194,702 13,411

238,244

27,843 19,946 i

264,733 ! I

547,708 21,401,085 15,798,971 14,387,8691 Russia, Hong-Kong, United King­dom, Germany, &c.

277,343 606,020

9,843 1,195

10,793,211 5,923,241

197,067 20,775

1,845,623

ll,036,391 10,889,666 Russia, United States, :France 6,734,061 8,447,102 Russia,

150,405 203,065 Russia 57,689 9,067 United States, United Kingdom

2,446,208 1

2,555,230 Ja pan, Hong-Kong

152,014 2,683,383 2,965,021 I 2,555,874 13,432 · 766,205 845,966 I 841,307

284,072 2,096,975 2,571,413 1 2,773,976 I

33,007 II 749,496 I 756,323 [ 796,577 11,Bs4 aos,41s ! 443,674 I a12,a25

2so,262 : a,589, 1s4 1 5,662,ss5 I 5,487 ,s4a i 18,580,936 j 18,859,588 i 21,165,219

377,338, l 66*1370,520,403t

11403, 305,546t

£ ' £ £ 50,803,081 56,542,957 60,915,941 j

I I 1

Hong-Kong, &c. Ju.pan Hong-Kong

United Kingdom United Kingdom United States

* Not including exports to foreign countries '6y junk, 344,950 Haikuan taels ( 46,442l. ). t ;, 306,981 ( 46,846l. ). t 232,405 (35,103l. ).

NoTE.-The column·showing the countries to which the articles are chiefly exported is compiled from the customs analysis of exports for 1912. Afte~ ea.eh article the countries are named in the order of ~xport value in 1912, and the list of countries in each case is closed when at

et least 7 5 per cent. of this value has been accounted for. l:..:>

S2 CHINA.

Table 7.-CHIEF Ports of Original Export of Native Goods.

Animals, live­Cattle Pigs

Aniseed, star Bamboo and bambooware ... Bean cairn Beans Bran ... Bristles Cassia lignea ... Cereals-

Wheat Other kinds

Chinaware, earthenware and pottery Cigarettes Clothing, Chinese, and boots and

shoes Coal ... Cotton-

Raw Waste

Curiosities Eggs-

Albumon and yolk Fresh and preserved

Fans ... Feathers, duck, fowl, &c. Fibres-

Abutilon Hemp

• Jute Ramie

Fire-crackers and fireworks Firewood Fish and fishery products ...

Flour of cereals Fruits-

Dried and preserved

Fresh of all kinds Grass-cloth .. . Gronndnuts .. . Hair, human

Horns, cow and buffalo

Leather Mats ... :\'.Iatting ~!eat--

Chief Ports of Original Export.

Harbin, Kiaochow, Wuchow Kiungchow, vVuchow, Lappa, Kongmoon,

&c. Nanning Kowloon, Lappa, Shanghai, Swatow Dairen, Newchwang, Hankow Suifenho, Dairen, Hankow, Newchwang Shanghai, Hankow, Harbin Tim1tsin, Chungking, Hankow Canton

Suifenho, Sansing, Hankow, &c. Shanghai, Dairen, Newchwang, Harbin, &c. Kiukiang, Kowloon, Shanghai, Swatow Shanghai, Hankow Shanghai, Chefoo, Canton, Kowloon

Chinwangtao, Dairen, Changsha, Newchwang

Tientsin, Hankow, Shanghai Shanghai Tientsin, Shanghai

Hankow, Shanghai, Kiaochow Shanghai, Canton, Harbin, Tientsin,

Swatow, &c. Hangchow, &c. Kowloon, Wuhu, Shanghai, Chungking, &c.

Hankow Changsha, Chungking, Ichang, Kiungchow,

Kiaochow, Wuchow, &c. Tientsin, Swatow . Hankow, Kiukiang Canton, Kowloon, Changsha Suifenho, Wuchow, Kowloon Ningpo, Kowloon, Chefoo, Pakhoi, Shanghai,

Swatow Shanghai, Harbin, Hankow

Canton, Kowloon, Hankow, Kiaochow, Swatow

Tientsin, Swatow, Foochow, &c. Swatow, Kiukiang, Chungking Kiaochow, Tientsin, Chefoo Canton, Changsha, Swatow, Shanghai,

Tientsin Tientsin, Shanghai, Chungking, Nanning,

Canton, &c. Canton, &c. Canton, Lappa, Kowloon, Ningpo Canton

Fresh or frozen (beef, mutton, Suifenho, Tientsin pork, &c.)

Prepared or preserved, including Shanghai, Kowloon, Canton, &c. lard and preserved game and poultry

Poultry and game, fresh and Suifenho, &c. frozen

CHJNA. 53

CmEF Ports of Original Export of Native Goods-continued.

Medicines

Minerals­Antimony-

Regulus, crude and refined Ore

Iron and steel ,, ore

Lead ,, ore

Quick,;,ilver Tin in slabs· Zinc-

Spelter ... Ore

Metals and minerals, unclassed ... Ores, unclassed

Musk ... Nankeens Nut-galls Oil-

Bean Groundnut Vegetable, other kinds

Oils, essential (aniseed, cassia-leaf, &c.)

Paper ... Rhubarb Samshu Seed-

Apricot Cotton Melon

Rape Scsamum ... Other kinds

Seed-cake Silk­

Raw­White-

Not re-reeled or not steam filature

Re-reeled Steam filaturn

Yellow Wild

Cocoons Waste Cocoons, refuse Piece-goods Shantung pongees Products, unclassed

Skins and hides, undressed­Cow and buffalo ... Horse, ass and mule Goat, untanned Sheep Unclassed

Chief Porl.8 of Origi~al Export.

Chungking, Hankow, Tientsin, Ningpo, Canton, &c.

Changsha, Y ochow Y ochow, Changsha Hank ow Hankow Shanghai, Hankow Changsha Hank ow Mengtzu

Mengtzu Yochow, Changsha Ichang, Shanghai, &c. Kiungchow, Hankow Chungking, Tientsin Shanghai, Swatow Hankow, Chungking, Ichang

Dairen, Newchwang, Hankow Kiaochow, Shanghai Hankow, Chungsha Nanning, Wuchow

Swatow, Foochow, l{jukiang, &c. Chungking, &c. Ticmtsin, &c.

Tientsin Tientsin, Shanghai Tientsin, Kiaochow, Hankow, Newchwang,

Wuchow, Chinkiang, &c. Tientsin, Hangchow, Shanghai Hank ow Tientsin, Dairen, Suifenho Shanghai, Nanning, Hangchow, Hankow

Soochow, Hangchow, Canton

Shanghai Canton, Shanghai Kiaochow, Chungking, Hankow Chefoo, Newchwang, Dairen Shanghai, Antung Canton, Chefoo, Shanghai, &c. Chungking, Hankow Shanghai, Canton Chefoo, Kiaochow Canton, Shanghai, Kowloon

Hankow, lchang, l{jaochow, Shanghai, &c. Tientsin Tientsin, Chungking, Hankow Tientsin, l\fonchouli K.iungchow, Dairen, &c.

54 CHIN.A.

CHIEF Ports of Original Export of Native Goods-con~inued.

Skins, dressed-· Goat, tanned Kid Lamb Unclassed

Skins, dreRsed, made up­Dog, clothing, mats and rugs Goat-

Chief Ports of Original Export.

Tientsin Tient.sin Tientsin, Hankow Hankow, Tientsin

Tientsin

Clothing Newchwang Mats and rugs . . . Tientsin

Kid, clothing Tient.sin Lamb, clothing . . . Tientsin Sheep, clothing, mat.sand rugs... Hankow, Tientsin Unclassed Tientsin, Hankow

Skins (furs), dressed and undressed--Fox Tientsin l\'1:a.rmot Tientsin, l\fanchouli Raccoon Kiukiang, Hankow, Shanghai Sable Manchouli Weasel Hankow, Shanglrn,i, Tientsin Tails of all kincls .. . . Tientsin Unclassed ... Chungking, Hankow, Shanghai, Changsha,

Straw braid ... Sugar­

Brown White Candy Cane

Tallow-Animal

V cgetal,le ... Tea­

Black Green Rrick, black and green Tablet Dust

Timber and wood of all kinds Tobacco, leaf and prepared Varnish Vermicelli and macaroni Wool-

Camels' Hair, goat.s' :Sheep's

Kiukiang, &c. Kiaocaw

Swatow, Amoy Swatow Amoy Kowloon, Canton

Tientsin, Hankow, Kiaochow, Shanghai, &c.

Hankow, &c.

Hankow, Kiukiang, Foochow Hangchow, Ningpo, Kiukiang Hank ow Hank ow Kiukiang, Hankow, Foochow Foochow, Hankow, Antung Hankow, Kiukiang, Swatow, Canton, &c. Hankow, le hang Chefoo

Tientsin Tientsin Tientsin

Table 8.-RE-EXPORTS of Foreign Goods to Foreign Countries, Value during the Year 1913.

Macao French ludo-China Siam Singapore, Strait.s, &c. Dutch Indies British India Turkey, Persia, Egypt, Aden, &c. United Kingdom ... Norway

£ 955

15,277 4,829

33,024 78,454 38,467

406 46,968

362

ClllNA. 55

HE-EXPOill'S of Foreign Goods to Foreign Countries, Value during the Year 1913-continued.

Sweden Denmark .. . Germany .. . Netherlands Belgium ... France Spain (including Gibraltar) Ital.v Austria-Hungary ... Russia, European ports .•• Russia and Siberia by land frontier Russia, Amur ports Russia, Pacific ports Korea Japan (including Formosa) Philippine Islands Canada

£ 327 732

24,534 2,344 4,516

11,422 911

4,768 8,310

753 140,673 169,362 13u,190 243,243 200,530

4,762 1,039

United States of America (including Hawaii)

South America Australia, New Zealand, &c. South Africa (including Mauritius)

:33,177 :302

1,u46 56

Total to foreign countries-direct To Hong-Kong ...

1,208,339 1,227,642

Grand total 2,435,981

Table 9.-brPORT and Export of 'rreasure to and from China during the Year 1913.

Import-­Gold-

Bars, dust, &c. Coins ...

Silver-Bars and sycec Coins ...

Copper coins

Export-­Gold-

Total import

Bars, dust, &c. Coins ...

Silver-Bars and sycec Coins ...

Copper coins

Total export ...

Net import •..

Hk. Taels. Hk. Taels.

84,143 2,981,147 ----- 3,065,290

46,608,824 9,102,666 ---- 55,711,490

8,700

58,785,480

2,730,748 1,720,142

4,450,890

6,132,474 13,610,652

19,743,126 4,029

24,198,045

34,587,435

01 a;;

Table 10. SHIPPING Entered and Cleared at Chinese Ports, showing Share taken by each Country during the Years 1903, 1908 and 1913.

I

.Percentage of Tonnage of Flag. 1903. 1908. 1913. each Flag.

1903. 1908. 1913. -----

I Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels. Tonnage. American ... 1,736 550,686 653 998,775 2,458 898,750 1·06 l ·19 0·96 Austro-Hungarian

···1 49 99,616 54 205,024 84 285,.802 0·16 0·24 0·31

Brazilian 2 5,806 0·01 British 25,297 28,122,987 28,445 34!405,761 32,186 38,120,300 49·08 40·96 40·84 Chinese 30,708 9;911~209 136,663 16,945,860 121,768 19,903,944 17·30 20·18 21 ·32 Danish 125 158,692 60 72,338 86 122,722 0·26 0·09 0 ·13 g Dutch 78 112,811 15G 301,048 293 401,077 0 ·18 0·36 0·43 -..... z French

···1 2,596 1,178,200 3,901 5,071,689 1,020 1,232,763 2·05 U·04 1·32 :t.,.

German ... 6,424 7,310,427 5,496 6,585,671 5,382 6,320,466 12·75 7·84 6·77 Italian ... , 1 200 Japanese 7,554 7,9(j5,358 30,708 J 18,055,138 22,716 123,~~'.487 14 21 ·50 25·10 Korean 50 33,382 67 53,345 0·06 Norwegian 1,184 1,136,056 1,033 980,635 637 739,328 1 ·98 1 ·17 0·79 Portuguese 326 28,064 212 27,134 816

I

128,330 0·03 0·14 Russian ... 765 569,903 139 263,847 3,265 1,687,796 I 0·31 1·81 Swedish ... 119 103,798 4 130 27 ! 71,065 0 ·18 0·08 Other flags 12 19,088 I 0·02

----Total 77,012 I 57 ,29o,as9 207,605 I 83,991,289 190J738 ! 93,334,830 100 100 100

i

CHINA. 57

Table 11.-FoREIGN and Coast Trade.

(a) SHIPPING Entered and Cleared in the Foreign and Coast Trade respectively during the Years 1911-13.

ENTERED and Cleared.

1911. 1912. 1913.

Vessels~r · Tonnage.-: VesselS:-1 Tonnage. I Vessels. I Tonnage. Foreign trade ... 72,166 125,919,110 I 68,810 126,071,482 • 74,081 29,150,871 Coast trade ... 121,232

1

59,852,863 i 101,125 60,135,015 1~16,657 I 64,183,959

Total ... 193,398185,771,973 I 169,935 86,206,497 1

190,738 ! 93,334,830 . I I ·

(b) SHARE taken by each Flag in the Foreign and Coast Trade respectively during the Years 1912-13.

PERCENTAGES of Carrying Trade (Values).

I 1912. 1913. Total

Flag. I 'Foreign ! Trade.

Coast Foreign Foreign Trade. and / Trade.

Coast Trade.

Total Foreign

and Coast. Coast. ,

~-------~p~--=p--~t~P~- P I er cent.· er cen. . er cent .. '

45·16 I er cent . p er cent. Por cont.

British ... ... 41·93 • 47.74 i 41 ·lG 42·28 : 41·75 Chinese ... ... 9·81 26·63 ' 19· 16 I 11·20 30·80 j 21·52 Japanese ... 20·36 16·58 18-26 22·20 16·94 I 19.44 German ... 9·61 I 6•13 I 7·67 I 9.71 6·82 8·19 Frenoh ... ... 7.39 0·241 3·421 6·02 0·12 2·91 Russian ... 7·32 0·79 3·69 6·12 0·95 3·40 Norwegian ... 0·76 , 1.35 I 1,09 I 0·60 1·35 0·90 Other flags ... 2·82 i 0·54 ! 1.55 I 2·09 0·74 1·80

I

i ' I 100 I

Total ... ... 100 ' 100 '

100 100 100 j !

Table 12.-SHIPPING Entered and Cleared (Steamers and Sailing Vessels respectively) during the Years 1911-13.

ENTERED and Cleared.

___ Ye:~~--' . ~~m._ _____ Sailing. . [ Total.

I Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels. ' Tonnage. I-Vessels. Tonnage . ... 180,533 80,084,088 103,865 fi,687,885 193,398 85,771,973 ... 89,954 81,203,082 70,981 5,003,415 169,935 86,206,497 ... 100,860 87,613,969 89,878 5,720,861 1190,738 93,334,830

1911 1912 1913

.58 CHINA.

Table 13.-INLAND Waters Navigation. Vessels Registered during the Years 1912-13.

I Vessels on Register e.t gnd of Year.

Port. 1912. 1913. I Foreign. Native. Total. I Foreign. Native. Total.

~-~

Antung ... :::1 20 1 21 7 1 8

De.iren ... 2 2 Newchwang :::I 1 1 2 1 1 Tientsin 11 2 13 15 4 19

Chefoo ... I 1 4 5 6 6 ...\

Kiaochow i 2 1 3 1 1 Chung king 1 1 1 1 Shasi ... I 3 3 6 6 ···1 Changshe. ... I 5 25 30 10 28 38 Hankow ... 1 18 18 36 35 37 72 Kiukiang :::I 2 33 35 3 21 24 Wuhu ... 3 19 22 3 14 17 Nanking

'"\ 1 4 5 5 5

Chinkiaug ... 8 37 45 7 37 44 Shanghai 54 229 283 56 245 301 Soochow ... I 12 4 16 10 5 15 Ningpo ... ... 24 24 26 26 Wenchow "'\ 6 6 7 7 Foochow 9 14 23 9 14 23 Amoy ... 15 15 30 15 19 34 Swatow ... 5 12 17 6 19 25 Canton ... 8 387 395 9 423 432 Kongmoon l· 1 Samshui 1 1 2 1 1 2 Wuohow 7 7 1 12 13 Ne.nning 3 3 6 Kiungchow 1 1 Pnkhoi ... ... , i 1 1

Total 1--.

849 1,025 ,-194-1 93.6 1,130 ...

1

116

Table 14.-TRANSIT Trade.

(et) CmtPARATIYI~ Values of Transit Trade during the Years 1911-13.

Year.

1!)11 1!)12

·l!Jl3

Foreign Goods Native Produce Imntrds. Outwards.

Value.

\ Hk. taels. "'\ 60,460,303 .. . 62,537,444 ...

1

,6,851,491

Percentage Percentage of Total Value. of Total Imports. Exports.

Hk. taels. 28,265,036 32,464,051 30,323,845

7 8 7

Total Vrilue.

Hk. taels. 88,725,339 95,001,495

107,175,336

(b) VALUES for Principal Ports during the Year 1913. ---

Port. I Inwards. Outwards. Total.

Hk. taels. Hk. tacls. Hk. taels. Harbin ... 2,171,869 2,171,869 Suifenho 96,835 96,835 Antung ... 42,647 42,647 Tatuugkow 2,647 2,647 Dairen ... 258,459 3,268 261,727 Newchwang 947,179 16,076 963,255

CIIINA. 59

VALUES for Principal Ports during the Year 1913-continned.

Chinwangtao Tientsin ... Chungking Ichang ... Shasi Changsha Yochow .. . Hankow .. . Kiukiang Wuhu Nanking ... Chinkiang Shanghai Hangchow Ningpo ... Wenchow Santuao .. . Foochow .. . Amoy Swatow .. . Canton .. . Kowloon .. . Kongrnoon Sarnshui .. . Wuchow .. . Nanning Kiungchow Pakhoi ... Lungchow Mengtsz .. . Szemao .. . Tengyueh

Port.

Total

! -·-~-------

Inwards. Outwards. Total.

Hk. taels. I Hk. taels. Hk. taels. 2,002,372 I 194,645 2,197,017

37,384,517 · I 14,820,737 52,205,254 94,924 94,924

403,496 403,496 132,696 132,696 130,317 130,317

499 499 3,005,029 23,819 3,028,848

211,774 17,108 228,882 3,224,291 3,224,291

150,264 157,998 308,262 4,066,468 4,233,389 8,299,857 3,348,464 8,287,906 11,636,370

482,816 482,816 1,240,479 1,240,479

32,707 32,707 214,157 214,157 536,463 32,559 569,022 59l),107 110,671 709,778 188,271 188,271

1,157,308 1,841 1,159,149 491 491

129,994 129,994 664,798 664,798

5,487,368 1,314,437 6,801,805 488,418 886,392 1,374,810 210,092 220,352 430,444

61,289 61,289 64,562 64,562 ···1 ...

... ! 5,792,364 5,792,364 163,234 163,234

1,665,473 1,665,473 1------------------~ ···I 76,851,491 , 30,323,845 101,115,336 I

NoTE.-The transit trade here means the trade in foreign goods carried inland under transit pass on payment of an additional half import duty, and the trade in native produce brought from the interior under transit certificate ta ports for export abroad and liable to payment of half export duty (in lieu of likin), in addition to full export duty.

Table 15.-NETValue of the Trade of each Port during the Year 1913.

Port.

Ai gun Sansing lVIanchouli Harbin Suifenho Hunchun Lungchingtsun Antung Tatungkow ... Dairen Newchwang

, Net I [ Foreign I

i Imports. - ·-1 · Hk. taels.

... 513,933 228,602

11,410,617

Native E O

\ : Imports and Net I T t I I Total of

Imports. xpor s. : Exports. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. I Hk. taels.

505,076 213,018 1,232,027 369,483 2,572,073 3,170,158

J ,513,150 1,780,193 14,703,960 3,816,195 4,601,392 8,417,587

7,263,937 13,913,326 21,177,263 334,037 140,973 422,251 897,261 671,199 ' 174,315 845,514

6,870,965 : 1,116,839 6,818,152 14,805,956 ..• 1 14,140 4,360 . 67,860 86,360 . .. 129,0~3,341

1 4,225,807 I 39,047,743 72,346,891

... , 16,0u0,574 9,533,793 24,480,087 50,064,454

GO CHINA.

NET Val no of the Trade of each Port during the Year_ 191:·l-contiuued. -------

Port. 1

Net I Net Total Total of Foreign I Native I Imports and Exporls, i Imports. Imports. Exports.

Chinwangtao Tientsin Chefoo Kiaochow .. . Chungking .. . Ichang Shasi Changsha Yochow Hank ow Kiukiang Wuhu Nanking Chinkiang Shanghai Soo chow Hangchow Ningpo Wenchow Santuao Foo chow Amoy Swatow Canton Kowloon Lappa Kongmoon ... Samshui Wuchow Nanking Kiungchow ... Pakhoi Lunge how Mengtzu Szemao Tengyueh

1 Hk. taels. : Hk. taels. ! Hk. tacls. Hk. taels. 4,834,883 1,711,004 4,275,705 10,821,592

70,900,368 . 24,729,283 . 37,828,623 133,458,274 8,905,028 8,651,833 I 14,}84,363 31,641,224

26,207,915 7,268,592 . 25,692,373 59,168,880 11,208,460 j 6,768,110 12,132,622 30,109,192

1,843,318 j 839,812 i 3,036,426 5,719,556 3,183,836 312,128 • 896,421 4,392,386

12,778,157 2,222,080 ; 8,719,525 23,719,762 2,133,257 , 1,150,759 I 3,635,050 6,919,066

52,850,417 18,511,955 · 82,667,567 154,029,939 12,130,915 , 4,705,996 15,514,494 32,351,405 7,437,630 2,926,973 . 9,859,001 20,223,604 6,437,554 1,687,787 5,810,214 13,935,555 9,290,347 6,217,170 9,040,429 24,547,946

98,567,484 I 24,688,312 : 83,966,453 207,222,249 2,043,604 538,921 13,726,766 16,309,291 3,370,985 , 3,035,202 10,855,336 17,261,517 9,622,298 , 7,404,194 8,787,509 25,814,001 1,342,521 ' 1,307,676 1,040,705 ' 3,690,902

255,712 180,004 2,300,475 , 2,736,191 8,755,323 4,757,753 9,693,337 . 23,206,413

10,595,532 6,081,657 3,391,743 I 20,068,932 20,302,376 18,022,080 13,027,300 I 51,351,756 31,268,432 20,079,446 60,938,010 ; 112,285,888 30,442,932 4,831,978 13,081,021 : 48,355,931 11,850,834 942,418 5,225,256 i 18,018,508 6,841,140 1,815,649 ' 8,656,789 5,136,284 • 698,779 1,805,551 i 7,640,614 8,045,261 , 1,250,448 3,712,340 . 13,008,049 3,260,000 1,009,932 3,330,820 i 7,600,752 3,780,039 235,755 2,603,341 ! 6,619,135 1,848,649 3,548 918,091 • 2,770,288

99,257 26 10,024 ! 109,307 8,612,646 11,066,270 ' 19,678,916

184,890 39,360 . 224,250 2,401,798 730,277 · 3,132,075

Total ... 570,064,611 203,897,287 579,448,851 :1,353,410,749 • ' I

Equiv. in sterling Deduct net native imports,

which are exports from other ports

Total of net foreign im- j

ports and exports ... '

£ £ £ 86,103,509 30,796,986 I 87,520,920

!

£ 204,421,415

30,796,986

' 173,624,429

NoTE.-The figures for the net foreign imports include net imports from Chinese ports as well as from abroad, while those given in Table 2 represent net imports from abroad only. The value of the exports include :­

Abroad Home trade ...

Total

Hk. Taels. 403,305,546 176,143,305

579,448,851

£ 60,915,942 26,604,978

87,520,920

CHI:--'A.

Table 16.-CusTOMS Revenue during the Year 1913.

Import duty (excluding opium)­Foreign flags ... Native flag

Export duty (exoluding opium)­Foreign flags ... Native flag

Coast trade duty (excluding opium)­Foreign flags Native flag

Transit dues­Inwards ... Outwards

Tonnage dues­Foreign flags Native flag

Opium duty (import, export and coast trade)-Foreign flags Native flag

Opiwn lilrin­Foreign flags Native flag

Total Collection in 1912

Increase ...

Hk. Taels. Hk. Taels.

16,934,525 1,476,864 ---- 18,411,389

10,605,844 3,340,779 ---- 13,946,623

1,518,017 919,296

---- 2,437,31 :3

1,668,395 621,106

---- 2,289,501

1,445,639 89,239

---- 1,534,878

1,454,833 76,183

1,531,016

3,637,455 181,677

---- 3,819,132 ----43,969,852 39,950,612 ----

4,019,240 ----

61

NoTF:.-Total collection, 43,969,81',2 Haikuan taels, at exchange of 3a. O!d. •= 6,641,279l.

From the total, 43,969,852 Haikuan taels, has to be deducted the sum of 68,990 Haikuan taels, the value of drawbacks marked for cash payments, leaving .a. balance of 43,900,862 Haikuan taels net collection.

62 CHINA.

Table 17.-LrsT of Open Ports arranged according to Lhe Total Amount of Customs Revenue Collected at each during the Year 1913.

1. Shanghai 2. Tientsin 3. Hankow 4. Canton 5. Swatow 6. Kiaochow 7. Dairen 8. Foochow 9. Newchwang

10. Amoy ... 11. Wuchow 12. Chefoo 13. Chinkiang 14. Kiukiang 15. Kongmoon W. Hangohow 17. Ningpo 18. Wuhu ... 19. Suifenho 20. Chungking 21. Sanrnhui 22. Antung 23. Changsha 24. Mengtzu 25. Kowloon 26. Chinwangtao ... 27. Lappa ... 28. Manchouli 29. Kiungohow 30. Harbin 31. Nanking 32. Santuao 32. Yochow 34. Soochow 35. Narining 36. Pakhoi-37. Ichang 38. Aigun ... 39. Tengyueh 40. Wenchow 41. Shasi ... 42. Hunchun 4a. Lungchingtsun

. 44. S11,nsing 45. Szemao 4u. Lungohow 47. Tatungkow

Total ...

Equiv. in sterling •.•

Total Colleotion. Hk. Taels.

14,475,434 4,391,318 3,608,621 3,346,737 2,031,655 1,915,889 1,762,906

940,067 899,465 704,760 681,108 668,189 595,199 586,627 558,707 518,765 483,455 451,972 419,657 411,196 407,515 380,323 371,154 365,852 350,341 290,874 283,622 280,526 256,345 229,253 227,386 151,318 136;301 128,228 115,934 103,817 !)9,363 68,976 64,483 47,640 40,493 38,519 35,560 31,443

6,455 4,681 1,723

43,969,852

£ 6~641,279

REPORTS of the A nnnal ~eries have been recently issued from His Majesty's Diplomatic and Uornmlar Ollicers at the following· places, and may be obtained from the sonrces indicated on the title-pag·e :-

Price AilYBSl'.'i"JA 5420 llarrar. '.l'rnde, Hl13 ... ... ltl

5·121 GnmlJelH.., '11rnrle, H.11:i ... Id ARGEN'l'INJo:

llEPLfJJI.Ic AUF.i'l'HIA.·

llUNra UY

5243 Uue11ns Ayres. 'l'mrle, 191::! and p!lrt of 1913 ... 8j,l

5231 Austria-Hnngnry. 1',inances, rn12-1:i ... ... 1~d

lJi.~LOilT J\I

Tior.t\'lA llllAZIL

Bur.a A nu <JHII.E ...

.CHl~A ...

CoNao .. , COREA,., COS'!'A ILICA CRETE,,. OENJIIAUK

5346 Hungary. 'l,rnde, &c. 1 1913 ... 2d 524~ }lelgiurn. 'l1rnde, &c. 1 HH2

and lirst half of 1913... ... 3d 527-1 Aut.werp. Shipping and nnvi-

2d.

5-116 llc~~!:\~~1• ~J:ac,'&c., 1'~i3 3d

5280 Sao Paulo. 'l'rntle, HJ13 ... lrl 5317 8flo lt'rancisco do Sul. 1frnclc,

/le., !UIJ... .. ld 5380 Pnrri. 'l1mr1e, rma 2d 5:-192 Hio Gm.111le. 'l'rnde, Hll:J ~d 5:120 Dulgarin. Trade, 1912-13 10,l

... 5::!76 Coquimho. 'l1rncle, 1913· ... ;ul 530-1 Antofngastn.

1

l1

rarle 1913 ·.·.· .. ,.\,'dl 5·1Ul Iquique. TrR.fle, 1913 ... -5:1u7 W11chow 1 &c. 'l'rade, 1913 l}d 5:3os Chinkiang. 'l1rarlr, 1913 l~fl 530\.1 Kiulciang. '.L'rnrle, l!ll3 ~fl 5335 Amoy. 'l1r1tfle 1 191:1 ~c..1 53'11 Tsinnn, &c. 1'ra1le, HII3 Id 5312 Wuhu. '.l'rn,le, 1913 ... lid 5343 Ningpo. 'frnde, 191:1 ... 1 .. ,1 5344 'l1ientsin. 'l'rnde, 191:3... I!rl 5348 Nanking. 'l'rR.rlP., 191:3... l.~d 5:J.J~ Canton. Trnde. Hll3 ... id 535U Shasi. Trade, 1913 ... J!d 6372 Pakhol. Trade, 1913 .•. ... !Ad 5373 Cheloo. 'l'ra,le, 1913 ... I !d 53.U Shanghni. 'l'rnrle, 191:I ~d 5378. Chung-king. 'l'rade, &c. 1 I ~na ~d 5388 Mengt,sz. 'l'rnrle, 1\1]3... 1~. dd 0:3~0 'l'eng Yuell. 'l'rade, 191:I 9 5300 Hankow. 'i'rnrle, 101:J... 2rl

... 5:103 Katnngn. 'l'rnrte, Hl13 ld

... S:H6 Coren. Trade, 1913 ... 2d

... o363 Cost.a Hlca, Trnrle, &c., 19]3 lid

... 5;193 Crete. Trnde, &c., 1!112-13 ..• 2d 528:J St. Thomas, &c. 'l'rnde, 1013 ld 5382 Faroe lslands nnd Iceland.

'11rnde, &r.., 1913 ... 2~d D01111NICAN 5289 Dominican Reput,llc. Trade,

IlF.PlJBI.IC &c., 10]3... ... 2id liGYP1' ... . .. 5'155 Alexandria. Trnde, &c., 1013 4d

GERMANY

GREECF.

11 AY'l'l. •• lTALY ...

(68•1)

5:J!l5 Port Sai,l. '.l'rarle 191:I ... 2!d ... 5:319 Borclenux. 'l'rnlle, &c., 1913 ... 4d

5323 New Calcclonin. 'l'rade, 1913 lid ~~;I Lyo

0

ns. 1'rnde, &c., IIIJ:l ... 4 d o,!02 liaue. Trade, &c., l9!3 .•• 3 d 0:16·1 Calais. 'l'rnde, IUl:J ... ... l!d 5371 Pondicherry and Karil,al.

Trarle, &c., IU09-l:I ... ..• ld 6377 Marseilles. '.l'rnde, &c., 1913 ... 3id ~384 Society Islands. Trade, &c.,

1913 ... ... ... • .. Itd M09 Madagascar. Trade, 1913 ... l~rl 5'110 MR.rtinique. 'l'rR.cle, Hll2-13 ... qa o:3til Mannheim. Trade, rnrn ... lct 5:{79 Germany and Diisseldorf

Trode, 1913 ... ... ... ;lf o 5:381 Stettin. Trade, &c .• 1913 ... :i,c1 5391 Bavaria. Trade, &c., 1913 and

part of 1Ql4 ... ... ... 2d i:l97 Danzig. '.l'rade, &c., 1913 ... 3d 5tu-l Germany. Trndc, 1913 ... 5~rl MJ,1 llnmlml"g. 'frndc 1 &c .. HH3 ... -,Ja fi.117 Togolnrnl. 'l1rnde, &c. 1 Hll:J ... ~rl

··· ~~~~ i~~:r~.r,c~,!.~d;:rft1e3 1 ~!.3

::: fj~ 5311 Corfu. 'l'rnfle, &c., 1013 ... 2rl

. .. f>~Sa Hnyt.t. ~L'rnrle, &c., HH3 ... 2.~fl

... 5.11·1 Italy. Flnnrn,es. 1913... . .. ~ct 5:{an Sicily. 'l1rnile, &c., 1913 ... 3~rl 5.'J5u Genof\. 'l'rnde, &c., 1913 .•. :-M ~1GS Home. 'l'rnlle, Hl13 ... ... Itd 1,.175 Brindisi. 'frnrle, 1013 .•• . .. 2!n 5391 l'ierlmont. Agrioulture r~nd

in<lnstrie:1 1 1913 ... 2rl 6396 Naples. Trade, 1913 ... ... 1.\.1 5400 Leghorn. Trnrte, &c., l9J:l ... J1<1

Prim JAPA..N ... 5:.l;J.l Dairen. Trade, &c., 101:l ... 3jd

5:l:J7 Ilakodate. Tm,le, l!ll:J ... ><I a:l86 Yokohama. 'l'l'ade, !!Jl3 ... 2}d 5:1s7 Osaka. 'l'rnde, 101:l ... 2d 5:l90 Japan. Trade, 191;3 ... 5rl 5-:106 Formosa. rrrndc, l 913 ~4,1

MRXIOO 5-lu8 Koue. Trnde, &c., 1913 ,111 5281 Co\ima. •rra,!e, !Ul:l ... ... J!d 5365 Vera Cruz. '.L1rai"le, &c., 1913 ... l~rt 5'367 Progreso. Trade, H.113 !ct

NETHERLANDS 5278 Netberlauds. 'l'radc, &c., 1913 l~d D315 Hotterdam, &c. 'l'nuie, &c.,

1913 ... ... 6~rl

PANA'.\IA PAHAGUAY

PERSU ..

5325 Netherland• Enst Indies. 'l'rade, &c., 191a ... 3Ad

5336 Netherlands. ~'inances, 1013 lrl ... 5:138 Panama. Trade, 191:1 ... . .. 2J!l

5~69 Paraguny. Budget, &c., 1914 ld 5-103 Paraguay. Trade, &c., 191:\

and part of 1911 •.. . .. 2Jd ... 5264 AraL,istan. 'l'rnde, &c., for Llle

year ending March 20, 191:J ... Hrt 5266 Kerman. 'l'rn,lc. IUl2-J:l ... llct :,357 Seistan, &c. 'l1ra.de for tb.e

year ending March 10, 1913 2d 6413 Lingah. Tro.de, &c., March 21,

1913, t.o March 20, 1914 ... 2~r1 5-119 J~ermanshnh. Trade for year

ending March 21, I 914 ... Id PwsIAN Gu,., .. ii2u7 Dahrein. Trade, 1912-13 ... :ljd

5405 Koweit. Trade, 1Ul3-11 •.. 2d ... 5292 Peru. Trade, &c., 1013 ... 2!d

5322 Iquitos. Trarle, 1Vl3 ... • .. lAd 0:321 Snn Thome, &c. Trnde, &c.,

PF.RU •••

PORTUGAL 1913 ... ... ... . .. lcl

5353 Lisbon. Trade, 1913 ... .•. 3d 5356 Mndeirn. Trade, 1913 ... • •. l~d 536G Oporto. '.l'rade, 1Ul3 ... . .. lBd ~85 Loure11QO MR.rques, &c. 1'1·nde1

. &c., 1!113 .•. ... ... o{JJd 5403 Angola. Trade, 1913 ... ... l&d 5418 Portuguese Guinea. 'l'rnde,

&c., 1913 ... ... ld lloul'oUNIA ... 5326 Ronmnnfa. Trn1'l.e, &c., 1913 ... 3~d RussrA... • .. 5296 Datoum. Trndo, 1013 ••• ••. 3d

5328 Russian Foreign Commerce and Trade of St. Petersburg,

SIAM ••.

SPAIN ...

1913 .•. ... ... .•• 6d 5329 Warsnw. Trnde, 1913 ... . .. 2jrl 5354 !'inland. Trade, 1913 •.. .•. 4ct 541 o Moscow. Trnde, 1913 ... . .. 4jd

... 5239 Senggora. Trnrte, &c., for the year April, HIJ2, to March, 1913 ... ... ... . •. ~~,1

6251 Ilangkok. 'frnde,Aprill, 1912, , to Marcil 31, 1913 ... . •. 30d

... 5299 Cnnary Islands. Trade, &c., 1913 ... ... ... ... 2,1

6:J27 Gulf of Guinea. Trade, &c., 1911-13 ... ... ... ... Jct

5340 Seville. Trade, &c., 1913 ... 2,\rl f,Ul Barcelona. 'l'rflrle, &c. 1 1913... 3t1

Swrrz1mr.A!'lD 5398 Switzerland. 'frade, 191:l ... 2~d TLIRK!i:¥ 5313 Trebizond. Trnrle, &c., 1913 ... ::ict

ii.'l39 Jerusalem. •rrade, 191:l ... 2d 5369 Basrn. Trade, 191J ... •.. 2d 5370 Enero11m. Trnde, 1913 ... ld 53H Constantinople. Trade, 1913 3~d 5383 Aleppo. Trnde, 1913 ... ... 2d M07 Bnghdad. •rrade, 1913 ... 2d

GNI'rim 5285 Baltimore. 'fmde, 1913 ... 3td S·u·n:s 5293 St. Louis. '.l'rade, 1Ul3 ... ~!d

VF.NIO:ZUY.LA

5295 Chicngo. '11rn'1e, &c., 1913 ... 3d 5316 Philadelphia. 'frnde, &c., 1913 2fd 5:ll8 Portland, &c. '.l'rn<le, ,tc., 1913 4cl 5331 Snn ~'rnncisco. Trade, &c., 1013 2jd o332 New York. Tracte. &c., 1913... 3d 5333 Savannah. Trnde, 1~13 ... 3!d o:JH Boston. Trade, &c., l!IJ:l ... ad 5351 Philippine Islands. Trade,

&c., 1013 ... . .. 2jd 5358 Venezuela R.nd Ctlracas.

Trade, 1912-13 ... .•. . .. 2jd 6360 Clndad Bolivar. Trade, &c.,

191:1 .•. ld

1375 2/15 II & S