China/Japan/China/Japan/IndiaIndia

Sui/Tang/Song-ChinaSui/Tang/Song-China

Fujiwara-JapanFujiwara-Japan

Delhi Sultanate-IndiaDelhi Sultanate-India

ChinaChina

Refinement of a Chaotic Refinement of a Chaotic ChinaChina

ChinaChina

Frank: It's the same old story. Boy Frank: It's the same old story. Boy finds girl, boy loses girl, girl finds finds girl, boy loses girl, girl finds boy, boy forgets girl, boy remembers boy, boy forgets girl, boy remembers girl, girls dies in a tragic blimp girl, girls dies in a tragic blimp accident over the Orange Bowl on accident over the Orange Bowl on New Year's Day. New Year's Day. Jane: Goodyear? Jane: Goodyear? Frank: No, the worst. Frank: No, the worst.

Sui DynastySui Dynasty The Sui Dynasty (589-The Sui Dynasty (589-

618 C.E.)618 C.E.) The Sui Dynasty reunified The Sui Dynasty reunified

China and its boarders China and its boarders and later expand Chinaand later expand China

A strong military helped A strong military helped to stabilize Chinato stabilize China

The Sui developed a code The Sui developed a code of laws of laws

The Sui also introduced The Sui also introduced written examinations for written examinations for Confucian students for Confucian students for civil service appointmentscivil service appointments

The Tang would take this The Tang would take this new found stability and new found stability and improve upon it and Chinaimprove upon it and China

The Grand CanalThe Grand Canal Dug between 605 and Dug between 605 and

609 C.E.609 C.E. Took an enormous Took an enormous

amount of labor to build amount of labor to build the canalthe canal

The canal extended The canal extended almost 1,200 miles almost 1,200 miles linking the Yangzi linking the Yangzi Valley to BeijingValley to Beijing

The canal allowed for The canal allowed for extended trade, a long extended trade, a long distance supply route distance supply route for the army and for the army and government control of government control of the wealth in the Yangzi the wealth in the Yangzi ValleyValley

Tang DynastyTang Dynasty

The Tang (618-906 C.E.)The Tang (618-906 C.E.) Expanded China into Manchuria, Expanded China into Manchuria,

Mongolia, Tibet and KoreaMongolia, Tibet and Korea The Tang enforced a tribute system for The Tang enforced a tribute system for

areas that it controlledareas that it controlled Developed and efficient government Developed and efficient government

based on the teaching of Confucius and based on the teaching of Confucius and educational system for the eliteeducational system for the elite

TangTang

EconomyEconomy With the With the

Reunification of the Reunification of the countrycountry

Opening of the Grand Opening of the Grand Canal linking north and Canal linking north and southsouth

Expansion of the Expansion of the Central Asian Silk Central Asian Silk RouteRoute

Expansion of sea routesExpansion of sea routes Lead to great Lead to great

prosperity in China prosperity in China under the Tangunder the Tang

Class QuestionClass Question

How does this increase in trade How does this increase in trade effecteffect China?China? The countries China trades with?The countries China trades with?

What major concept is a by-product What major concept is a by-product of trade? of trade?

TangTang EconomyEconomy

Tea Tea Went from being a herb Went from being a herb

for keeping people for keeping people awake to becoming a awake to becoming a major item of trademajor item of trade

SilkSilk Made China extremely Made China extremely

wealthywealthy Remained a secret to Remained a secret to

only the Chineseonly the Chinese Greater trade networks Greater trade networks

allowed for more allowed for more demand across the demand across the world for silkworld for silk

TangTang ForeignersForeigners

Due to extensive trade Due to extensive trade and open ports and open ports foreigners were foreigners were common in Chinacommon in China

Foreign religions like Foreign religions like Islam, Judaism, Islam, Judaism,

Christianity, were Christianity, were practiced in Chinapracticed in China

Foreign Influences likeForeign Influences like Silver-smithing, music Silver-smithing, music

and new technologies and new technologies were introducedwere introduced

TangTang

SocietySociety The Tang remained an The Tang remained an

aristocratic societyaristocratic society Most bureaucrats came Most bureaucrats came

from elite families who from elite families who could afford to send could afford to send their sons to school to their sons to school to be educatedbe educated

Educated men wrote Educated men wrote poems and some of the poems and some of the greatest Chinese poets greatest Chinese poets were of this time like were of this time like Du FuDu Fu

TangTang

Emperor XuanzongEmperor Xuanzong Welcomed Buddhist Welcomed Buddhist

and Daoist to courtand Daoist to court Conducted great Conducted great

ceremoniesceremonies Established a poets Established a poets

societysociety Created imperial Created imperial

parksparks

TangTang

Class Question Class Question

What does Emperor Xuanzong’s legacy What does Emperor Xuanzong’s legacy say about China under the Tang say about China under the Tang Dynasty?Dynasty?

TangTang

The end of the DynastyThe end of the Dynasty By the 800’s military failures on the By the 800’s military failures on the

frontiers, peasant revolts, caused the frontiers, peasant revolts, caused the Dynasty to break apartDynasty to break apart

By 906 C.E. the Dynasty did fall and By 906 C.E. the Dynasty did fall and China did split itself into several China did split itself into several different nation statesdifferent nation states

This would last from 1000 C.E. to 1200 This would last from 1000 C.E. to 1200 C.E. until the Song Dynasty reunited C.E. until the Song Dynasty reunited ChinaChina

TangTang

ConclusionConclusion The Tang Dynasty had developed art, The Tang Dynasty had developed art,

architecture, science, philosophy, silk architecture, science, philosophy, silk weaving, transportation systems, and weaving, transportation systems, and most importantly poetrymost importantly poetry

China under the Tang had become a China under the Tang had become a Classical Empire to rival the later Classical Empire to rival the later empires of Europeempires of Europe

SongSong Ruled central China from the Yellow River to Ruled central China from the Yellow River to

VietnamVietnam Lasted until 1279 C.E.Lasted until 1279 C.E. The Song Empire was marked by a series of The Song Empire was marked by a series of

wars and allianceswars and alliances Between 916-1110’s the Song paid tribute to the Between 916-1110’s the Song paid tribute to the

Liao who were north of the SongLiao who were north of the Song In 1110’s the Song made and alliance with the In 1110’s the Song made and alliance with the

Jurchens who were on the northern side of the Jurchens who were on the northern side of the LiaoLiao

The Liao were trapped between the Song and the The Liao were trapped between the Song and the Jurchen and the Liao were destroyedJurchen and the Liao were destroyed

The Jurchen (Jin) and the Song proclaimed victory The Jurchen (Jin) and the Song proclaimed victory and the Song had to retreat at the threat of the Jinand the Song had to retreat at the threat of the Jin

SongSong

SocietySociety Steady population Steady population

growthgrowth Urbanized societyUrbanized society Cities with one Cities with one

million inhabitantsmillion inhabitants Port of canton Port of canton

became the largest became the largest seaport in the worldseaport in the world

Strong ties with Strong ties with Japan and KoreaJapan and Korea

SongSong

EconomicsEconomics Received goods Received goods

from merchants all from merchants all over the worldover the world

JapanJapan KoreaKorea Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia MalaysiaMalaysia IndiaIndia

Traded silk with the Traded silk with the worldworld

SongSong TechnologyTechnology

One of if not the most One of if not the most advanced societies in advanced societies in the world at that timethe world at that time

MathematicsMathematics AstronomyAstronomy Accurate clocksAccurate clocks Working compass at Working compass at

seasea GunpowderGunpowder Paper currencyPaper currency Block printingBlock printing

SongSong

ReligionReligion Revival of ConfucianismRevival of Confucianism

This helped unify a politically unstable This helped unify a politically unstable China by creating China by creating

HierarchyHierarchy Social stratificationSocial stratification ObedienceObedience Acknowledged the importance of education Acknowledged the importance of education Rigorous civil service examsRigorous civil service exams

New form of Buddhism (Chan)New form of Buddhism (Chan) Stressed the idea of meditationStressed the idea of meditation

SongSong WomenWomen

Confucianism was used as a Confucianism was used as a justification of subordinationjustification of subordination

Arranged marriagesArranged marriages Women needed to have Women needed to have

dowriesdowries Foot-bindingFoot-binding

The practice of keeping The practice of keeping women’s feet bound to keep women’s feet bound to keep them daintythem dainty

Most women were crippled Most women were crippled by the practiceby the practice

Feet were bound at birth Feet were bound at birth and while the rest of the and while the rest of the body grew the feet did notbody grew the feet did not

The practice was very The practice was very painful for womenpainful for women

This practice would This practice would continue until the 1900’scontinue until the 1900’s

SongSong

WomenWomen Lower class women had more freedom Lower class women had more freedom

then upper class womenthen upper class women Still secondary to menStill secondary to men Could inherit propertyCould inherit property Could divorceCould divorce

SongSong

Fall of the SongFall of the Song While the Song enjoyed peace and While the Song enjoyed peace and

prosperity its weak military could not prosperity its weak military could not hold off the Jurchan (Jin)hold off the Jurchan (Jin)

Finally in 1279 C.E. the Mongols Finally in 1279 C.E. the Mongols invaded China and the Song Dynasty invaded China and the Song Dynasty fellfell

The Mongols would establish the Yuan The Mongols would establish the Yuan Dynasty until 1368 C.E.Dynasty until 1368 C.E.

SongSong

ConclusionConclusion The Song had developed a large trade The Song had developed a large trade

and city system in Chinaand city system in China The Song had also developed a large The Song had also developed a large

seafaring trade system and the largest seafaring trade system and the largest port in the worldport in the world

The Song spread Chinese influence The Song spread Chinese influence across Asia by the means of literature across Asia by the means of literature which would influence Japan and Koreawhich would influence Japan and Korea

JapanJapan

JapanJapan Japan consist of four main islands off the Japan consist of four main islands off the

coast of Asiacoast of Asia Because Japan was an island nation it Because Japan was an island nation it

was relatively isolated with limited was relatively isolated with limited exchange of ideas and goodsexchange of ideas and goods

Little is known of Japan prior to 400 C.E.Little is known of Japan prior to 400 C.E. Japan was influenced by China and KoreaJapan was influenced by China and Korea The Yamato Clan was the first and only The Yamato Clan was the first and only

clan to rule Japan (They still rule today)clan to rule Japan (They still rule today)

JapanJapan ShintoShinto

““The way of the gods”The way of the gods” Worshipped kamiWorshipped kami

Nature and all the forced Nature and all the forced of nature seen and of nature seen and unseenunseen

Under Shinto the idea is Under Shinto the idea is to become one with kamito become one with kami

Uses ritual and customsUses ritual and customs Encourages obedience Encourages obedience

and proper behaviorand proper behavior The belief that the The belief that the

emperor was a emperor was a descendent of the sun descendent of the sun god-thus divinegod-thus divine

JapanJapan

Chinese InfluenceChinese Influence The Chinese had a tremendous influence on JapaneseThe Chinese had a tremendous influence on Japanese

ArtArt ArchitectureArchitecture LiteratureLiterature ReligionReligion

Both Confucianism and Buddhism arrived in Japan Both Confucianism and Buddhism arrived in Japan by the 700’sby the 700’s

Japan soon became the center for Eastern Asia study Japan soon became the center for Eastern Asia study of Buddhismof Buddhism

Most Japanese adopted Buddhism while still Most Japanese adopted Buddhism while still practicing Shintopracticing Shinto

JapanJapan Japan borrowed the Japan borrowed the

legal codes of the legal codes of the Tang Dynasty called Tang Dynasty called the Taika Reformsthe Taika Reforms

Japan also built their Japan also built their capital city modeled capital city modeled after the Tang after the Tang CapitalCapital

However the However the Japanese rejected Japanese rejected Confucianism and the Confucianism and the civil service examscivil service exams

JapanJapan

Class QuestionClass Question Why would the Japanese reject Why would the Japanese reject

Confucianism and the civil service Confucianism and the civil service exams?exams?

JapanJapan

It placed too much importance on It placed too much importance on education.education.

In Japan your rank at birth was more In Japan your rank at birth was more important to your status as a personimportant to your status as a person

Class systems in Japan were based Class systems in Japan were based on heredity on heredity

JapanJapan

The FujiwaraThe Fujiwara By the early 800’s the By the early 800’s the

Emperor wanted to break Emperor wanted to break free of the Buddhist free of the Buddhist influenceinfluence

The capital was moved to The capital was moved to HeianHeian

Japanese consciousness Japanese consciousness developeddeveloped

Aristocratic families began Aristocratic families began to increaseto increase

One aristocratic family who One aristocratic family who through intermarriages through intermarriages with the emperors families with the emperors families gained power were the gained power were the FujiwaraFujiwara

JapanJapan FujiwaraFujiwara

Began to run the affairs of Began to run the affairs of the countrythe country

Power shifted from the Power shifted from the emperor to the Fujiwara emperor to the Fujiwara familyfamily

The emperor was seen as The emperor was seen as only a figureheadonly a figurehead

Under the Fujiwara there Under the Fujiwara there was Golden Age of was Golden Age of JapaneseJapanese

Art, literatureArt, literature Women were also seen as Women were also seen as

having rank in Japanhaving rank in Japan Some women were Some women were

noblesnobles

JapanJapan Taira-Minamoto WarTaira-Minamoto War

While the Fijiwara had increased Japanese culture While the Fijiwara had increased Japanese culture they had neglected the militarythey had neglected the military

They had delegated military matters to various clansThey had delegated military matters to various clans These clans became powerful and began fighting for These clans became powerful and began fighting for

land and powerland and power A civil war broken out between two of the strongest A civil war broken out between two of the strongest

clansclans TairaTaira MinamotoMinamoto

The Taira at first won and controlled the The Taira at first won and controlled the government however the Minamoto rose up, government however the Minamoto rose up, defeated the Taira in a five year civil war and took defeated the Taira in a five year civil war and took control of the government calling it acontrol of the government calling it a

ShogunateShogunate

JapanJapan

However by the However by the 1212thth century with century with the large influx of the large influx of noble families noble families everyone was everyone was fighting for land in fighting for land in JapanJapan

Japan would Japan would develop a feudal develop a feudal system like Europesystem like Europe

JapanJapan Feudal SystemFeudal System

The feudal system in Japan developed at the The feudal system in Japan developed at the same time as the feudal system in Europe-same time as the feudal system in Europe-however neither had knowledge of the otherhowever neither had knowledge of the other

As stated before the Emperor was only a As stated before the Emperor was only a figureheadfigurehead

In 1192 Yoritomo Minamoto was given the In 1192 Yoritomo Minamoto was given the title of Shogun or chief generaltitle of Shogun or chief general

Below the Shogun were the daimyoBelow the Shogun were the daimyo Below the Shogun were the SamuraiBelow the Shogun were the Samurai Below the Samurai were the PeasantsBelow the Samurai were the Peasants

Japanese ClassesJapanese Classes

DaimyoShogun Ashikaga Takauji

1305 - 1358

Samurai

Feudal Japan v. Feudal Feudal Japan v. Feudal EuropeEurope

JapanJapan Emperor –figureheadEmperor –figurehead ShogunShogun

Chief GeneralChief General DaimyoDaimyo

LandownerLandowner Samurai with noble Samurai with noble

bloodblood SamuraiSamurai

Warriors who held Warriors who held small pieces of landsmall pieces of land

PeasantsPeasants Enough saidEnough said

EuropeEurope King –usually a King –usually a

figureheadfigurehead

Lord-LLord-L Large landownerLarge landowner Noble bloodNoble blood

KnightsKnights Warriors who held Warriors who held

small pieces of landsmall pieces of land PeasantsPeasants

Enough saidEnough said

Feudal Japan v. Feudal Feudal Japan v. Feudal EuropeEurope

DifferencesDifferences Women in Japan were treated with higher respect-some were Women in Japan were treated with higher respect-some were

noblesnobles The land ownership contract in Europe was based on lawThe land ownership contract in Europe was based on law The land ownership contract in Japan was based on group The land ownership contract in Japan was based on group

identity and loyaltyidentity and loyalty I am what I am a samurai and I know my place in societyI am what I am a samurai and I know my place in society

Both systems were based on cultureBoth systems were based on culture

SimilaritiesSimilarities PeasantsPeasants

Worked to support the upper classesWorked to support the upper classes Each hierarchy was based on land for loyalty Each hierarchy was based on land for loyalty

exchangeexchange

JapanJapan Important ShogunatesImportant Shogunates

Kamakura ShogunateKamakura Shogunate 1200-13001200-1300

Kept Khubiliai Khan’s Yuan China from invading JapanKept Khubiliai Khan’s Yuan China from invading Japan Ashikaga ShogunateAshikaga Shogunate

1336-15731336-1573 Developed a strong sense of Japanese cultureDeveloped a strong sense of Japanese culture

Painting, music, philosophy, landscapingPainting, music, philosophy, landscaping Strong economic tradeStrong economic trade Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism Tea CeremonyTea Ceremony

Lost power when it was unable to stop a series of civil Lost power when it was unable to stop a series of civil warswars

Japan would be divided in civil wars from 1573 to the Japan would be divided in civil wars from 1573 to the middle 1600’smiddle 1600’s

IndiaIndia

The Muslims ArriveThe Muslims Arrive

IndiaIndia BackgroundBackground

Prior to 1022 C.E. India was in a state of disunityPrior to 1022 C.E. India was in a state of disunity The Gupta Empire had collapses in 550 C.E.The Gupta Empire had collapses in 550 C.E. (Question what other are of the world does (Question what other are of the world does

this sound like at almost the very same this sound like at almost the very same time?)time?)

At about 700’s Muslims reached the Indian At about 700’s Muslims reached the Indian boardersboarders

They moved into the Indus Valley region and They moved into the Indus Valley region and what is today Pakistanwhat is today Pakistan

By 1000 they were ready to invade IndiaBy 1000 they were ready to invade India (Question what other famous invasion was (Question what other famous invasion was

about to take place in 1066 C.E. that would about to take place in 1066 C.E. that would change the face of another country)change the face of another country)

IndiaIndia

The Muslims InvadeThe Muslims Invade For over two hundred years the Muslims For over two hundred years the Muslims

kept fighting an annexing pieces of Indiakept fighting an annexing pieces of India In 1206 the Muslims captured DelhiIn 1206 the Muslims captured Delhi At Delhi they established a sultan known as At Delhi they established a sultan known as

the Delhi Sultanate which ruled India from the Delhi Sultanate which ruled India from 1206-15201206-1520

The Delhi Sultanate fell under the control of The Delhi Sultanate fell under the control of the Abbasid Caliphate and became its own the Abbasid Caliphate and became its own Caliphate in 1258 with the destruction of the Caliphate in 1258 with the destruction of the AbbasidAbbasid

IndiaIndia Delhi SultanateDelhi Sultanate

Allowed Hindus to still Allowed Hindus to still practice their own practice their own religion though the religion though the Muslims hated the Muslims hated the thought of many godsthought of many gods

However tried to convert However tried to convert India to MuslimIndia to Muslim

Non Muslim Indians had Non Muslim Indians had to pay a tax to the to pay a tax to the SultanateSultanate

Hindus and Muslims did Hindus and Muslims did not mix and did not not mix and did not always get along always get along

There was often violence There was often violence between both groupsbetween both groups

IndiaIndia Class QuestionsClass Questions#1#1

What might be an advantage of the Muslim What might be an advantage of the Muslim invasion in India for Indian people? Who might take invasion in India for Indian people? Who might take advantage of this invasion and who would not like advantage of this invasion and who would not like the invasion?the invasion?

#2#2 Knowing what you know about India and Pakistan Knowing what you know about India and Pakistan

today what could you generalize about the today what could you generalize about the problems today?problems today?

#3 #3 What are some fundamental differences between What are some fundamental differences between

Islam and Hinduism?Islam and Hinduism?

IndiaIndia Progress under the Progress under the

SultanateSultanate Improvements in Improvements in

farmingfarming Irrigation systemsIrrigation systems

Muslim women held Muslim women held more rights than Hindu more rights than Hindu women and could women and could divorcedivorce

Muslim Architecture Muslim Architecture mixed with Hindumixed with Hindu

Indians in the north Indians in the north converted to Islamconverted to Islam

IndiaIndia

Fate of the SultanateFate of the Sultanate At about 1350 the Sultanate reached its peakAt about 1350 the Sultanate reached its peak However after this time many Hindu areas However after this time many Hindu areas

began to break free of Muslim rule and began to break free of Muslim rule and controlcontrol

In 1398 the Mongols moved into India under In 1398 the Mongols moved into India under the leadership of Timur Lang who destroyed the leadership of Timur Lang who destroyed a good portion of India and Delhia good portion of India and Delhi

The Delhi Sultanate survived but was badly The Delhi Sultanate survived but was badly weakenedweakened

Zen GardensZen Gardens

Zen GardensZen Gardens

Karesansui, or the "dry-landscape" style Karesansui, or the "dry-landscape" style Japanese gardens have been in existence for Japanese gardens have been in existence for centuries, but it wasn't until the late sixth centuries, but it wasn't until the late sixth century with the advent of Zen Buddhism did century with the advent of Zen Buddhism did "dry style" gardens began to evolve.  "dry style" gardens began to evolve. 

Around the eleventh century, Zen priests Around the eleventh century, Zen priests adopted the "dry landscape" style and began adopted the "dry landscape" style and began building gardens to serve a different purpose. building gardens to serve a different purpose. They were to be used as an aid to create a They were to be used as an aid to create a deeper understanding of the Zen concepts. deeper understanding of the Zen concepts.

Zen GardensZen Gardens

A Zen garden takes careful consideration A Zen garden takes careful consideration and care to create an appropriate and care to create an appropriate atmosphere. atmosphere. Earthy, natural elements are the primary Earthy, natural elements are the primary

components of these gardens. components of these gardens. Every rock, plant or sand spread has both Every rock, plant or sand spread has both

meaning and special placement. meaning and special placement. The number three is often represented in The number three is often represented in

these gardens. Three can represent the these gardens. Three can represent the Buddhist Trinity, Buddhist Trinity, Sanzon-ishi-gumiSanzon-ishi-gumi, or it , or it can symbolize the sky, earth and humanity. can symbolize the sky, earth and humanity.

Zen GardensZen Gardens

Rocks, one of the most important parts of Rocks, one of the most important parts of the garden, can symbolize many things the garden, can symbolize many things depending on shape, color and texture. depending on shape, color and texture. A vertical rock can symbolize the sky, while a A vertical rock can symbolize the sky, while a

horizontal rock can symbolize the earth. horizontal rock can symbolize the earth. Rocks can even symbolize an animal or a Rocks can even symbolize an animal or a

shrub is the garden is portraying a specific shrub is the garden is portraying a specific place. For instance, if the gardenplace. For instance, if the garden is is portraying a specific place, rocks can also portraying a specific place, rocks can also symbolize islands or mountains symbolize islands or mountains

Zen GardensZen Gardens

Often sand is used in place of water. Often sand is used in place of water. The sand is swirled around with great The sand is swirled around with great

care to emulate rippling or rushing care to emulate rippling or rushing water. water.

These “swirls” also provide energy to These “swirls” also provide energy to the garden.the garden.

Although sand is often used in place of Although sand is often used in place of water, water is also present in some water, water is also present in some Zen gardens Zen gardens

Zen GardensZen Gardens Not only was the viewing intended to aid Not only was the viewing intended to aid

in meditation but the entire creation of the in meditation but the entire creation of the garden was also intended to trigger garden was also intended to trigger contemplation. contemplation.

By the late 1200's, the basic principles had By the late 1200's, the basic principles had been established and up to the present been established and up to the present day, they have been refined and extended.  day, they have been refined and extended. 

The garden created by the Zen priest are The garden created by the Zen priest are called "kansho-niwa" or contemplation called "kansho-niwa" or contemplation garden and termed by many today as " garden and termed by many today as " Zen gardens ".  Zen gardens ". 

Zen GardensZen Gardens

Zen GardensZen Gardens