china’s growing appetite for meats: · pdf filefor meats: implications for world...

CHINA’S GROWING APPETITE

FOR MEATS: IMPLICATIONS FOR

WORLD COMMODITIES TRADE

A Multi-Client Analysis and Outlook

September 2012

China’s Growing Appetite for Meat – A Multi-Client Analysis and Outlook

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Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 1

I. Review of China’s Meat Supply and Demand .............................................................. 10 1.1 Overview of China’s Pork Production .................................................................... 10 1.2 Regional characteristics of pork production ........................................................... 11 1.3 Overview of China’s Pork Production Policies ...................................................... 13

1.3.1 Hog Production Policies in the Past ................................................................. 13

1.3.2 Recently Introduced Policies ........................................................................... 15 1.4 Pork Consumption Trends in China ........................................................................ 20 1.5 Review of China’s Pork Supply and Demand Situation ......................................... 22 1.6 Regional Pork Surplus and Deficit ......................................................................... 25

1.6.1 Major Pork Surplus Provinces ......................................................................... 25 1.6.2 Major Pork Deficit Provinces .......................................................................... 26

1.6.3 Pork Self-Sufficient Provinces ......................................................................... 32 1.2 Overview of China’s Beef Production and Demand............................................... 32

1.2.1 Regional Concentration of Beef Production .................................................... 32 1.2.3 Beef Consumption Trends in China ................................................................. 34 1.2.4 Review of China’s Beef Supply and Demand Situation .................................. 36

1.3 Overview of China’s Lamb/Mutton Production and Demand ................................ 37 1.3.1 Regional Concentration of Mutton Production ................................................ 37

1.3.2 Overview of China’s Mutton Production Policies ........................................... 39 1.3.3 Lamb/Mutton Consumption Trends in China .................................................. 39 1.3.4 Review of China’s Mutton Supply and Demand Situation .............................. 40

1.4 Overview of China’s Poultry Production and Demand .......................................... 42

1.4.1 Regional Characteristics of Poultry Meat Production ..................................... 42

1.4.2 Overview of China’s Poultry Production Policies ........................................... 43 1.4.3 Poultry Meat Consumption Trends in China ................................................... 44

1.4.4 Review of China’s Poultry Supply and Demand Situation .............................. 45 1.4.5 Regional Surplus and Deficit of Poultry Meat ................................................. 46

1.5 Overview of China’s Egg Production and Demand ................................................ 48

1.6 Overview of China’s Other Meat Production and Demand .................................... 49 1.7 Overview of China’s Aquatic Products Production and Demand .......................... 49 1.8 Backyard vs. Commercial Operations .................................................................... 52

1.8.1 Hog Backyard vs. Commercial Operations ..................................................... 53 1.8.2 Poultry Backyard vs. Commercial Operations................................................. 56

1.8.3 Cattle and Dairy Cow Backyard vs. Commercial Operations ......................... 59 1.9 The Chinese Government’s Production Plan for the Next Five Years ................... 61

II. Overview of China’s Meat Trade Situation and Policies ............................................. 62 2.1 Overview of China’s Meat Trade Situation ............................................................ 62

2.1.1 Overview of China’s Pork Trade ..................................................................... 62 2.1.3 Overview of China’s Poultry Meat Trade ........................................................ 69 2.1.4 Grey Channel for Meat Imports ....................................................................... 72

2.2 China’s Meat Trade Policy and Future Trends ....................................................... 74 2.3 Meat Labeling, Transshipment, and Packing Requirements .................................. 75


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2.4 Designated Meat Import Ports ................................................................................ 76

2.5 China’s Free Trade Agreements ............................................................................. 81 2.5.1 China-Asian Pacific Free Trade Agreement .................................................... 81 2.5.2 China-Chile Free Trade Agreement ................................................................. 81

2.5.3 China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement .................................................... 84 2.5.4 China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement ............................................................ 84 2.5.5 New Free Trade Agreements under Negotiation or Study............................... 86

2.6 Major Factors Affecting China’s Meat Trade ......................................................... 87 2.7 Approved Countries and Companies to Export Meats to China ............................. 87

III. Feed Ingredient Supplies and Feed Industry Development ........................................ 94 3.1 Arable Land and Water Resources in China ........................................................... 94 3.2 Future Trends in Arable Land and Crop Area ........................................................ 95 3.3 Review of China’s Corn Supply and Demand ........................................................ 95

3.4 Review of China’s Wheat Supply and Use ............................................................. 99 3.5 Review of China’s Rice Supply and Use .............................................................. 101

3.6 Review of Other Coarse Grain Supplies and Usage ............................................. 103 3.7 Review of Protein Meal Supplies and Demand .................................................... 105

3.8 Review of Other Feedstuff Supplies and Use ....................................................... 107 3.9 Feed Conversion Ratio for Standard Feed Ingredients ......................................... 107 3.10 Transition from Backyard to Commercial Operations and Impacts on Grain

Demand ....................................................................................................................... 109 3.11 Overview of the Feed Industry ........................................................................... 110

3.12 Structure of Feed Products .................................................................................. 113 3.13 Regional Concentration of Feed Production ....................................................... 115 3.14 Investment Outlook for China’s Feed Industry .................................................. 122

IV. China’s Meat Processing Industry and Marketing.................................................... 123

4.1 Categories of Processed Meats in China ............................................................... 123 4.2 Market Shares of Top Branded Processed Meat Products .................................... 123 4.3 China’s Meat Processing Industry ........................................................................ 125

4.4 Key Players in the Industry ................................................................................... 126 4.5 Marketing Channels for Meat Products ................................................................ 127

4.6 Cold Storage Chain and its Future Development in China ................................... 127 4.7 Government Policies toward the Meat-Processing Industry ................................. 128

4.8 The State Reserve’s Role in China’s Meat Marketing.......................................... 128 V. Demand Drivers and Outlook .................................................................................... 129

5.1 An Overview of the Chinese Economy ................................................................ 129 5.2 Driving Forces behind China’s Economic Growth ............................................... 131 5.3 Rising Income and Growing Middle Class in China ............................................ 133

5.4 Urbanization and Migration .................................................................................. 135

5.5 Dietary Trends ...................................................................................................... 137

VI. Outlook for Domestic Feed Grain and Protein Meal Supplies ................................. 138 6.1 Long Term Projection of Corn Supply and Demand ............................................ 138 6.2 Long Term Projection of Wheat Supply and Demand.......................................... 143 6.3 Long Term Projection of Rice Supply and Demand ............................................. 147 6.4 Long Term Projection of Other Coarse Grain Supply and Demand ..................... 150 6.5 Long Term Projection of Protein Meal Supply..................................................... 153


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6.6 Long Term Projection of Other Feed Ingredient Supply ...................................... 155

VII. Outlook for China’s Meat Supply and Demand ...................................................... 157 7.1 China’s Long-term Pork Supply and Demand ...................................................... 157 7.2 China’s Long-term Beef Supply and Demand ...................................................... 158

7.3 China’s Long-term Lamb/Mutton Supply and Demand ....................................... 159 7.4 China’s Long-term Poultry Meat Supply and Demand ........................................ 160

VIII. Conclusions: China’s Meat Supply and Demand Summary .................................. 161 8.1 China’s Meat Supply and Demand Outlook for the Next Decade ........................ 161 8.2 Assessment of the Potential for China to Become a Major Meat Importer .......... 161

8.3 Implications to World Meat Trade ........................................................................ 161 8.4 Major Implications to World Feed Grain Trade ................................................... 162 8.5 Major Implications for World Oilseed Trade ....................................................... 162


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List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: Top Pork Producing Countries (1,000 MT) ..................................................... 10

Exhibit 2: Shares of Chinese Meat Production by Species 2000-2011 (percent) ............. 11 Exhibit 3: Provinces of China ........................................................................................... 11 Exhibit 4: Regional Distribution of Pork Production and Feed Grain Production ........... 14 Exhibit 5: Monthly Hog-to-Corn Price Ratio ................................................................... 18 Exhibit 6: Feeder Pig-to-Pork Price Ratio ........................................................................ 18

Exhibit 7: Hog Inventory and Target Level ...................................................................... 19 Exhibit 8: Gilt/Sow Inventory and Target Level .............................................................. 19 Exhibit 9: Pork Consumption by Type ............................................................................. 21 Exhibit 10: Shanghui Group and Jinluo Group’s Chilled Fresh Pork Chain Stores ......... 22

Exhibit 11 : China Pork Balance (1000 MT) .................................................................... 23 Exhibit 12: Per Capita Pork Consumption in China ......................................................... 24

Exhibit 13: Per Capita Pork Consumption by Country and Region (kg/person) .............. 25 Exhibit 14: Map Pork Flow from Hunan Province ........................................................... 27

Exhibit 15: Map Pork Flow from Sichuan, Guangxi, Yunnan Province .......................... 28 Exhibit 16: Map Pork Flow from Henan, Shandong and Hebei Provinces ...................... 29 Exhibit 17: Map Pork Flow from Jilin and Lianong Provinces ........................................ 30

Exhibit 18: Pork Surplus and Deficit by Province (1,000 MT) ........................................ 31 Exhibit 19: Top Beef Producing Countries (1,000 MT) ................................................... 32

Exhibit 20 : Regional Distribution of Beef Production .................................................... 33 Exhibit 21: Per Capita Beef Consumption by Country and Region (kg/person) .............. 35 Exhibit 22: Most Common Beef Consumption Types ...................................................... 36

Exhibit 23: China Beef Balance (1,000 MT) .................................................................... 38

Exhibit 24: Regional Distribution of Mutton Production ................................................. 39

Exhibit 25: Chinese Per Capita Consumption of Mutton ................................................. 40 Exhibit 26: China Mutton Balance (1,000 MT) ................................................................ 41

Exhibit 27: Poultry Supply and Demand 1997-2010 (Million Birds) ............................... 42 Exhibit 28: Regional Distribution of Poultry Meat Production (1,000 MT and % of Total)

........................................................................................................................................... 43

Exhibit 29: Difference Between Southern and Northern Cooking Style .......................... 45 Exhibit 30: Per Capita Poultry Meat Consumption by Country and Region (kg/person) 45 Exhibit 31: Poultry Meat Supply and Demand (000 MT) ................................................ 47 Exhibit 32: Poultry Meat Surplus and Deficit by Province (1,000 MT) ........................... 48 Exhibit 33: Egg Supply and Demand (1,000 MT) ............................................................ 50

Exhibit 34: China’s Other Meats Supply and Demand Balance (1,000 MT) ................... 51 Exhibit 35: China’s Aquatic Product Supply and Demand (000 MT) .............................. 52

Exhibit 36: Share of Backyard and Commercial Hog Operations (Percent of Pork

Production) ........................................................................................................................ 54

Exhibit 37: Production Costs by Type of Hog Operation ................................................. 56 Exhibit 38: Days to Market and Hog Live Weight by Type of Operation ....................... 56 Exhibit 39: Share of Broiler Backyard and Commercial Production ............................... 57 Exhibit 40: Share of Egg Layer Backyard and Commercial Production .......................... 58 Exhibit 41: Broiler and Egg Layer Production Costs ....................................................... 59


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Exhibit 42: Share of Beef Cattle Backyard and Commercial Production ......................... 60

Exhibit 43: Share of Dairy Cow Backyard and Commercial Production ......................... 60 Exhibit 44: Government’s Five-Year Target (2011-2015) ............................................... 61 Exhibit 45: China’s Pork Trade (1,000 MT) ..................................................................... 62

Exhibit 46: China’s Pork Exports by Countries ................................................................ 63 Exhibit 47: China’s Pork Exports by Type (1,000 MT) ................................................... 63 Exhibit 48: China’s Pork Imports by Country of Origin .................................................. 64 Exhibit 49: China’s Pork Imports by Types (1,000 MT) .................................................. 65 Exhibit 50: China’s Beef Trade (1,000 MT) ..................................................................... 66

Exhibit 51: China Beef Exports by Destination ................................................................ 67 Exhibit 52: China Beef Exports by Type (MT) ................................................................ 67 Exhibit 53: China’s Fresh/Frozen Beef Imports by Country (MT) .................................. 68 Exhibit 54: China’s Beef Imports, Fresh/Chilled vs. Frozen (MT) .................................. 68

Exhibit 55: China’s Fresh/Frozen Beef Imports by Type (MT) ....................................... 69 Exhibit 56: China Poultry Meat Trade (1,000 MT) .......................................................... 70

Exhibit 57: China’s Poultry Meat Imports by Country ..................................................... 71 Exhibit 58: China’s Poultry Meat Exports by Country ..................................................... 72

Exhibit 59: Hong Kong Re-Exports to China (MT) ......................................................... 73 Exhibit 60: Designated Meat Import Ports ....................................................................... 77 Exhibit 61: CIQ Designated Cold Storage Companies Outside Port Area (MT) ............. 78

Exhibit 62: China-Asian Pacific FTA Tariff Schedule ..................................................... 81 Exhibit 63: China-Chile FTA Tariff Schedule.................................................................. 82

Exhibit 64: China-Chile FTA Tariff Schedule.................................................................. 83 Exhibit 65: China-Pakistan FTA Tariff Schedule ............................................................. 84 Exhibit 66: China-Pakistan FTA Category ....................................................................... 85

Exhibit 67: China-Pakistan FTA Category ....................................................................... 86

Exhibit 68: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Pork to China ............... 88 Exhibit 69: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Pork to China ............... 89 Exhibit 70: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Pork to China ............... 90

Exhibit 71: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Beef to China ............... 91 Exhibit 72: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Beef to China ............... 92

Exhibit 73: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Beef to China ............... 93 Exhibit 74: China’s Arable Land 1997 - 2010 .................................................................. 94

Exhibit 75: China Corn Area and Production, 1991-2011 ................................................ 96 Exhibit 76: China Corn Yields, 2000 - 2011 .................................................................... 97 Exhibit 77: China Corn Feed Use ..................................................................................... 98 Exhibit 78: China’s Corn Trade 1991-2010...................................................................... 99 Exhibit 79: China Wheat Area and Production............................................................... 100

Exhibit 80: China Wheat Yields ..................................................................................... 100

Exhibit 81: China Wheat Feed Usage ............................................................................. 101

Exhibit 82: China Rice Area and Production .................................................................. 102 Exhibit 83: China Rice Yield .......................................................................................... 103 Exhibit 84: China Other Coarse Grain Area and Production .......................................... 104 Exhibit 85: China Other Coarse Grain Yields ................................................................ 104 Exhibit 86: China Other Coarse Grain Feed Use ............................................................ 105 Exhibit 87: Protein Meal Supply and Demand (1,000 MT)............................................ 106


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Exhibit 88: Other Feedstuff Feed Use (1,000 MT) ......................................................... 108

Exhibit 89: Feed to Meat Conversion Ratio ................................................................... 109 Exhibit 90: Corn and Soybean Meal Feed Use Growth .................................................. 110 Exhibit 91: China’s Feed Output 1991-2011 .................................................................. 111

Exhibit 92: China Feed Production by Type (1,000 MT) ............................................... 111 Exhibit 93: Number of Feed Mills by Province .............................................................. 112 Exhibit 94: Share of Different Feed Products ................................................................. 114 Exhibit 95: Share of the Compound Feed Market by Specie.......................................... 115 Exhibit 96: Regional Concentration of Compound Feed Production (1,000 MT) ......... 116

Exhibit 97: Percentage of Hog Compound Feed Production by Province ...................... 117 Exhibit 98: Percentage of Egg Layer Compound Feed Production by Province ............ 118 Exhibit 99: Percentage of Broiler Compound Feed Production by Province ................. 119 Exhibit 100: Percentage of Aquatic Compound Feed Production by Province .............. 120

Exhibit 101: Percentage of Ruminant Compound Feed Production by Province ........... 121 Exhibit 102: China Feed Production Forecast (1,000 MT)............................................. 122

Exhibit 103: Market Share of Branded Sausage Products (percent) ............................... 124 Exhibit 104: Market Coverage of Branded Sausage Products (percent) ........................ 124

Exhibit 105: Market Share and Coverage of Low Temperature Meat ............................ 125 Exhibit 106: China’s GDP Growth ................................................................................. 129 Exhibit 107: China’s Consumer Price Index Percent Change ........................................ 130

Exhibit 108: China Domestic Investment ....................................................................... 131 Exhibit 109: China Foreign Trade .................................................................................. 132

Exhibit 110: China’s Foreign Exchange Reserves .......................................................... 132 Exhibit 111: Average Family Income in 2010 ................................................................ 133 Exhibit 112: Urban Family Expenditure ......................................................................... 134

Exhibit 113: Chinese Family Asset Value and Debt ...................................................... 135

Exhibit 114: Urban Population Share in China............................................................... 137 Exhibit 115: Dietary Trend ............................................................................................. 138 Exhibit 116: Corn Acreage Projection ............................................................................ 139

Exhibit 117: China’s Corn Yields ................................................................................... 140 Exhibit 118: Projection of China’s Corn Feed Demand ................................................. 141

Exhibit 119: China’s Corn Food and Industrial Use ....................................................... 142 Exhibit 120: China’s Domestic Corn Supply and Demand ............................................ 143

Exhibit 121: Wheat Acreage Projection ......................................................................... 144 Exhibit 122: Projection of China’s Wheat Production ................................................... 145 Exhibit 123: Projection of China’s Wheat Feed Use ...................................................... 145 Exhibit 124: Projection of China’s Total Wheat Demand .............................................. 146 Exhibit 125: China’s Wheat Trade ................................................................................. 147

Exhibit 126: China’s Rice Acreage Projection ............................................................... 148

Exhibit 127: Projection of China’s Rice Production....................................................... 148

Exhibit 128: Projection of China’s Rice Feed Demand .................................................. 149 Exhibit 129: China’s Rice Trade..................................................................................... 150 Exhibit 130: Other Coarse Grain Acreage Projection ..................................................... 151 Exhibit 131: Projection of China’s Other Coarse Grain Production ............................... 152 Exhibit 132: Projection of China’s Other Coarse Grain Feed Use ................................. 152 Exhibit 133: China’s Other Coarse Grain Imports ......................................................... 153


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Exhibit 134: Projection of China’s Protein Meal Production ......................................... 154

Exhibit 135: Projection of China’s Protein Meal Feed Use ............................................ 155 Exhibit 136: Projection of Other Feed Ingredient Supply (1,000 MT) ........................... 156 Exhibit 137: China’s Pork Supply and Demand Projection (1,000 MT) ........................ 157

Exhibit 138: China’s Beef Supply and Demand Projection (1,000 MT) ........................ 158 Exhibit 139: China’s Lamb/Mutton Supply and Demand Projection (1,000 MT) ......... 159 Exhibit 140: China’s Poultry Meat Supply and Demand Projection (1,000 MT) .......... 160


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Executive Summary

Objective of the Study

China is by far the world’s largest producer and consumer of meats. Historically, this

situation did not have a large impact on the rest of the world, as China, for the most part,

maintained self-sufficiency in meats. However, since 2007 China has gradually turned

into a net importer of meats. If China develops into a large-scale importer of meats, this

would have a significant impact on the world meat sector; on the other hand, if rising

demand is met largely through domestic production, the need for imports of feed

ingredients would continue to be a major driver of the world oilseed market and could

become increasingly important for world grain trade. Accordingly, the objective of this

multiclient study is to evaluate carefully and thoroughly all aspects of the outlook for

China’s meat supply and demand and to determine the implications for the global

livestock/poultry and agriculture sectors.

Key Findings

Foundations for Rising Meat Demand: Economic Growth and Urbanization

China has enjoyed spectacular economic growth, especially after the country gained

access to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. From 2003 to 2007, China’s

economy experienced double-digit growth five years in a row. China’s economic

growth lost some of its momentum in 2008 and early 2009 due to the global financial

crisis, but the government countered these economic forces by loosening bank credit,

cutting taxes and embarking on a massive 4-trillion yuan (nearly US$600 billion)

infrastructure spending program. China’s economy staged a generally robust

rebound, and the Chinese economy is now the world’s second largest, but economic

performance has been uneven. Still, Chinese economists generally believe that the

country’s economy can grow at 6 to 8 percent annually over the next decade.

As personal income has increased, a middle class has gradually formed in China.

With a population of 1.3 billion, the middle-income population is around 100 million.

China’s Social Science Academy has estimated that the share of the total population

accounted for by the middle class will grow by about one percentage point every

year, reaching close to 20 percent in 2020.

Since 1978, when market reforms were initiated, China has experienced a rapid

process of urbanization, as history’s largest flow of rural-urban migration has

occurred. At the end of 2011, the Chinese urban population reached 691 million

implying a 51.3 percent urbanization rate, a 33.4 percent increase compared with the

urbanization rate in 1978.

The rising the middle class and increasing urbanization have been transforming food

consumption patterns in China. Demand for value-added food products such as meats

has been increasing, while per capita demand for food grains has been either flat or


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declining. These dietary trends are expected to continue over the next decade.

The Hog and Pork Sector

China is the largest hog and pork producer in the world. Chinese pork output in 2011

was 50.5 million metric tons, accounting for close to 50 percent of world pork

production. The increase in China’s pork production over the past 10 years accounted

for about 60 percent of the world increase.

Though the share of pork in the total meat complex has been declining over the past

ten years, pork still commands a majority share in total meat production, followed by

poultry and then beef. Pork’s share of total meat output declined from over 65.9

percent in 2000 to about 63.5 percent in 2011.

Commercial production of hogs in China has been increasing, but household

operations still account for a majority of hog production in China. The share of

production accounted for by specialized household operations rapidly increased over

the past 25 years, from below 3 percent of total production in 1985 to over 50 percent

in 2010. As differentiated from backyard operations, specialized household

operations refer to households that rely on livestock and poultry as a major income

source along with other agricultural income. Additionally, commercial production

increased from 2.5 percent in 1985 to 29.7 percent in 2010. The shift from traditional

backyard to specialized household and commercial operations has increased the

demand for feed grain, protein meal and commercial compound feed.

Backyard operations have the lowest production costs among the three major

categories of producers. The average production cost per head for commercial

producers was 42 percent higher than backyard producers and 20 percent higher than

specialized household operations in 2010.

Warm fresh pork still accounts for more than 90 percent of pork consumption in

China. The majority of warm fresh pork is marketed through “wet markets,” with

some going into grocery stores and supermarkets. Pork packers have been promoting

chilled fresh pork consumption in China for several years, even creating their own

chain stores and franchised stores across the country. However, they have achieved

little success thus far in expanding its market share. Still, the industry believes that

consumers eventually will accept chilled fresh pork.

Per capita consumption of pork in China has grown from 28.9 kilograms per person

in 1997 to 38.2 kilograms per person in 2011, up 32 percent. China’s per capita pork

consumption is 8.6 kilograms above the world average of 29.6 kilograms.

Rising pork demand has turned China into a net importer of pork since 2008. In

2011, imports were estimated to be 758,000 metric tons. China exports higher-value

pork cuts and imports lower-value cuts. Though Chinese consumers prefer warm


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fresh pork, the vast majority of imported pork products are frozen, and most imports

are used in processing.

The US was the largest origin of pork imported into China in 2011, accounting for 54

percent of total imports, despite the Chinese government’s zero-tolerance policy

toward clenbuterol and ractopamine usage in hog production. It is expected that the

Chinese government will maintain this policy for the foreseeable future.

Continued economic growth is forecast to drive increases in Chinese meat

consumption over the next decade. Based on Chinese meat preferences and the

trajectory of livestock production, it is likely that pork will remain the dominant meat

source in China over the next decade, accounting for about 62 percent of total meat

consumption in 2021.

In early 2009, the Chinese government implemented a new policy to stabilize hog

prices. The core of this new policy focuses on securing stable domestic pork

supplies. Based on this policy, it is expected that China will mainly rely on

increasing domestic pork production to satisfy rising domestic demand. As a result,

China’s pork output is projected to reach 55.6 million metric tons by 2016 and 60.7

million metric tons by 2021, up 20 percent over the course of the decade.

The Chinese government adjusts the tariff rate to regulate pork imports, and it is

expected that the government will continue to use the policy in the future. Since

2009, the pork import tariff has been 12 percent.

While China is expected to continue to be largely self-sufficient in pork, net imports

are forecast to increase due to feed supply constraints. It is projected that China’s

pork imports will grow to 1 million metric tons (carcass weight) by 2021, up 252,000

metric tons from 2011, or 33.2 percent. Still, even at this level imports would meet

only about 1.6 percent of total pork consumption.

The Cattle and Beef Sector

China is the fourth-largest beef producer in the world, behind the US, Brazil and the

European Union (EU). Total Chinese beef output in 2011 was 6.5 million metric

tons. Rising purchasing power has led Chinese consumers buy more beef over the

past decade, and as a result China’s beef production has accounted for more than one-

fourth of the increase in global output.

Per capita consumption of beef in China has grown from 2.8 kilograms per person in

1996 to 4.8 kilograms per person in 2011, up 71.3 percent during this period. Still,

China’s per capita beef consumption is 6.2 kilograms below the world average of 11

kilograms. Beef is mainly a supplementary meat, with demand depending on

availability and price.


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Backyard operations remain the largest beef production category in China; however,

the share accounted for by this category has declined over the years, from 72 percent

in 2003 to 58 percent in 2010. The share accounted for by specialized household

operations increased from 16 percent in 2003 to 20 percent in 2006; after 2006, it

declined due to the competition from commercial operations and poor margins.

Backyard production of dairy cows is somewhat lower than for beef cattle, and this

category’s share of production also has declined over the years, from 60 percent in

2003 to 41 percent in 2010. Specialized household operations’ share of production

also showed a pattern similar to that for beef cattle – increasing during the first half of

2000s but suffering a setback since the mid-2000s.

Commercial operations have gained market share over the years. The share of beef

cattle production accounted for by commercial operations increased from 12 percent

in 2003 to 23 percent in 2010, while the share of dairy production accounted for by

commercial operations rose from 12 percent in 2003 to 31 percent in 2010.

China has been self-sufficient in its beef supply and even a small net exporter, with

Hong Kong and Macau the main destinations. However, rising domestic demand has

reduced the amount of beef available for export, and beef exports declined from their

peak of 85,000 metric tons in 2006 to 38,000 metric tons in 2009 before rebounding

moderately to 51,000 metric tons in 2011. Meanwhile, beef imports quadrupled from

10,000 metric tons in 2006 to 40,000 metric tons in 2011.

Approximately 98 percent of beef imports are frozen, with the remaining 2 percent

fresh or chilled. Boneless beef accounts for 89 percent of imports, with the remaining

11 percent bone-in. Most imported frozen beef goes to meat processors for meat

grinding. Although a minority of imports, higher quality beef is sold to restaurants,

hotels, and other high-end dining services.

Australia is the leading beef exporter to China, with a 39 percent share, followed by

Uruguay, New Zealand and Brazil. The US has been banned from exporting beef to

China since the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or “mad cow”

disease) in 2003.

Chinese beef production is projected to grow from 6.5 million metric tons in 2011 to

7.3 million metric tons in 2016 and 8 million metric tons by 2021, up 24.2 percent

over the course of the decade.

Per capita beef consumption is expected to rise, but beef is expected to remain the

third-ranking meat consumed in China. Beef consumption is forecast to grow from

6.4 million metric tons in 2011 to 8.2 million metric tons in 2021, accounting for only

8.3 percent of total meat consumption in China. Lack of Western-style beef cooking

and limited domestic supply will likely restrict further growth in consumption.


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China is expected to become a net importer of beef over the next ten years. Total

beef imports are expected to increase from 28,000 metric tons in 2011 to 130,000

metric tons in 2021, up 364 percent over the decade. Still, imports are forecast to

account for less than 1 percent of Chinese beef supplies.

The Poultry Sector

China is one of the largest poultry producers in the world. Poultry has the second-

largest share of meat production in China. Due to its efficient feed-to-meat

conversion ratio, output poultry meat has grown faster than that of any other major

meat. Total poultry meat output increased from 11.8 million metric tons in 2001 to

17.1 million metric tons in 2011, up 45.3 percent in 10 years. Poultry’s share of total

meat production increased from 18.6 percent in 1997 to 21.5 percent in 2011.

Chicken represents about 82 percent of total poultry production, followed by duck at

13 percent, and geese at 3 percent.

China is the largest poultry meat-consuming country in the world. Per capita poultry

meat consumption increased from 6.8 kilograms per person in 1996 to 12.6 kilograms

per person in 2011, an increase of 86.2 percent in 15 years. However, per capita

poultry meat consumption in China is still less than half the 29.6-kilogram world

average and far below the 51.3-kilogram US average.

Contrary to the hog industry, commercial operations account for a large majority of

broiler output, with their share increasing from 56 percent in 2001 to 77 percent in

2010. The share of total production represented by traditional backyard broiler

operations declined from 34 percent in 2001 to 12 percent in 2010. The share

represented by specialized household broiler operations increased from 10 percent in

2001 to 14 percent in 2005 but fell after 2005, declining to 10 percent in 2010.

The major disadvantage of specialized household broiler production is that it has a

longer production period than commercial operations. Also, large-scale buyers are

unwilling to purchase broilers from the specialized household producers due to the

small and unstable supply volume. Specialized household producers rely on

middlemen to market their broilers.

China has generally been a net poultry meat importer. Total imports of poultry meat

products for 2011 were 421,000 metric tons, a decrease from previous years, with the

peak in 2008 at 833,000 metric tons. The top origins for imports into China were

Brazil, the US, Argentina, Chile, and France. Brazil accounted for 61 percent of all

imported poultry meat products.

There is a trend toward exports of prepared/preserved poultry meats, which reached a

record 273,000 metric tons in 2011. The top destination is Japan, accounting for 82

percent of prepared/preserved poultry export volume.


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Over the next decade, poultry meat production is expected to continue to grow at a

faster rate than other major meats. Production is forecast to grow from 17.1 million

metric tons in 2011 to 20.2 million metric tons in 2016 and 23.3 million metric tons

by 2021, up 36.3 percent over the course of the decade.

Consumption is projected to grow from 17 million metric tons in 2011 to 23.8 million

metric tons in 2021, an increase of 39.5 percent over the decade. By 2021, poultry

meat consumption is expected to account for about 24.2 percent of total meat

consumed in China.

China’s poultry meat imports are projected to increase from 421,000 metric tons in

2011 to 752,000 metric tons in 2021, an increase of 78.6 percent in ten years. On the

other hand, China’s poultry meat exports are forecast to decline from 484,000 metric

tons in 2011 to 340,000 metric tons in 2021, due to growing domestic demand. China

usually imports inexpensive poultry meat cuts while exporting premium cuts such as

chicken breasts, and this pattern is expected to continue in the future.

China’s egg output accounts for close to 40 percent of total world egg production.

China’s egg production has grown significantly over the past ten years, rising from

22.1 million metric tons in 2001 to 28.1 million metric tons in 2011, an increase of

27.2 percent in ten years. The degree of commercialization in the egg sector is below

that of the broiler sector.

Meat Trade Considerations

Chinese government policies discourage large-volume meat imports.

Countries and companies that want to export meat to China are subject to the

government’s approval process. Only when a country is allowed to export a certain

type of meat to China can an application for approval of a specific meat packer’s

products be made. Currently, there are 167 companies outside the US that are

approved to export pork and related products to China. For beef, there are 157

companies approved.

Currently, there are 47 ports designated by the Chinese government for meat imports,

of which 20 are located in Guangdong province in southern China. Additionally,

only designated cold storage companies are allowed to store imported meat once it is

cleared through customs. The total cold storage capacity of these companies is

estimated at 1.8 million metric tons, of which about 537,000 metric tons of capacity is

certified for imported meat storage.

Traditional Chinese meat cooking methods also have had an impact on China’s meat

trade, as has the preference for warm fresh meat over frozen meat.

After it joined the WTO, China reached free trade agreements with several countries.

Under the China-Chile Free Trade Agreement, tariffs on pork, beef,


7

mutton poultry meat and related products are scheduled to be eliminated by 2016.

Under China’s agreement with New Zealand, poultry meat and related product import

tariffs were lowered to zero in 2012, and tariffs on pork, beef and mutton imports are

slated to go to zero starting on 2016. On the other hand, the China-Asian Pacific Free

Trade Agreement had few tariff concessions related to meat.

A certain amount of meat finds its way into China through “gray channels,” despite

the Chinese government’s monitoring. Most of this enters China through either Hong

Kong or Vietnam. The volume involved is not clear, but the quantity of meat

reported by Hong Kong as being re-exported into China provides one indicator, since

a majority of this volume is not registered in China’s customs data. The volume of

pork products passing through Hong Kong has increased since 2004, and by 2011

115,000 metric tons were re-exported to Mainland China. Poultry meat products

passing through Hong Kong had been increasing in recent years but decreased to

115,000 metric tons in 2011. The volume of beef shipments totaled 159,000 metric

tons in 2011, a large drop from 2010.

In June 2011, the Chinese government introduced a new labeling requirement for

meat imports that appears to target the gray channel. The new labeling policy

requires meat products exported from Hong Kong to include a form that signifies the

country of origin and the meat plants from which the products were shipped.

The Meat Supply Chain

China’s meat industry is fragmented, with more than 20,000 slaughtering and

processing firms in 2010. Due to the concerns about food safety, the Chinese

government is encouraging the consolidation of the industry, especially the livestock

and poultry slaughtering business. It is expected that the industry will enter a

consolidation phase over the next few years, and many small-sized firms will be

acquired by larger companies or exit the business altogether.

The cold chain is still in its infancy in China, though in recent years it has evolved

rapidly, given economic growth and government policy support. A large-scale cold

chain system has not yet formed across the country. It is estimated that only 10

percent of the food in China moves through the cold chain vs. 80 to 90 percent in

developed Western countries. Specifically, it is estimated that only 7 percent of meat

is moving through the cold chain. Given the developing nature of the cold chain,

increasing the percentage of the products moving through the system by even a

relatively modest amount would strain it.

Government policies are expected to provide an impetus for expansion of the cold

chain. The government is promoting a transition to centralized, large-scale hog

slaughterhouses to supply large consumption areas, which will require some

refrigeration in transportation and storage to preserve meat quality. Additionally, the

government is asking the meat-processing industry to increase small packaged meat

sales in urban areas. It also is encouraging an increase in the marketing of


8

fresh chilled meat, targeting a 30 percent share by the end of 2015. The Chinese meat

industry would have to invest heavily in the cold chain to meet this target share, but it

is not mandatory, as the government understands the difficulty of implementation

given that the cold chain is currently underdeveloped.

Implications for the Supply and Demand of Crops and Feed Ingredients

China’s total crop area is expected to remain relatively stable over the next decade,

though total grain area is projected to decline moderately, as more cropland will be

used to produce vegetables and fruits. Still, corn area is expected to increase

moderately to about 34.4 million hectares over the next ten years, 858,000 hectares

above the 2011 level. This expansion is expected to be at the expense of the area

planted to food grains, other coarse grains and oilseeds. With corn supplies tight for

the foreseeable future, it is anticipated that the Chinese government will follow

policies encouraging corn production.

China’s corn output is forecast to increase from 193 million metric tons in 2011 to

224 million metric tons by 2021, up 16.1 percent during the forecast period. Corn

consumption is projected to increase from 190.1 million metric tons in 2011 to 256.4

million metric tons in 2021, up 66.2 million metric tons. A majority of the increase

will come from feed usage at 49 million metric tons, followed by industrial use at 14

million metric tons and food use at 3.2 million metric tons.

Rising meat production and the transformation from backyard to commercial

operations are expected to result in increasing usage of corn. Total corn feed usage is

projected to increase from 116 million metric tons in 2011 to 165 million metric tons

in 2021, up 42 percent in 10 years.

China’s use of corn for food is projected to increase moderately over the next ten

years, from 16.8 million metric tons in 2011 to 20 million metric tons in 2021.

Additionally, China’s industrial use of corn is expected to trend upward. However,

the shares of total corn consumption accounted for by food and industrial uses is

forecast to decline due to stronger growth in feed usage.

As usage expands more rapidly than domestic production, China’s corn

supply/demand balance is expected to be tight over the next decade. As a result,

Chinese imports of corn are forecast to increase steadily, and China is expected to

become a large-scale importer.

Protein meal usage has increased strongly over the past decade, as a result of the

growth in feed demand and the commercialization of the livestock and poultry sector.

It is expected that the sector will continue to grow and commercialize over the next

decade, and protein meal demand will continue to increase accordingly. As the

Chinese government prefers to keep value-added processing inside China, growing

protein meal supplies will likely come from increased crushing of oilseeds, as has

been the pattern in recent years.


9

China’s protein meal production is projected to increase from 64.8 million metric tons

in 2011 to 93.1 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 43.6 percent over the ten-

year period. As a result, China’s imports of both soybeans and rapeseed/canola are

expected to increase by a sizable amount.

Conclusions

A large majority of the increase in Chinese meat consumption over the next decade is

expected to be met by domestic production, though imports of pork and poultry are

forecast to increase and become significant in global terms. China’s total meat

production is projected to increase from 78.2 million metric tons in 2011 to 97

million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 18.8 million metric tons, or 24 percent

over the decade. China’s total meat consumption is forecast to increase from 78.7

million metric tons in 2011 to 98.3 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 19.7

million metric tons, or 25 percent in ten years.

Per capita meat consumption is projected to increase from 58.8 kilograms in 2011 to

70.9 kilograms in 2021, an increase of 12 kilograms over the decade. Still, this level

is below current per capita meat consumption of 115.6 kilograms in the US, 82.1

kilograms in the EU and 72.3 kilograms in Taiwan.

The Chinese government’s current mindset is still to maintain self-sufficiency in meat

production while allowing more oilseed and feed grain imports. It is not expected

that this policy will change in the short-term. However, Chinese government officials

are becoming more receptive to diversifying imports rather confining them to oilseeds

and feed grains. Increased meat imports and reduced reliance on oilseed and feed

grain imports could become an alternative for Chinese policymakers down the road.

Even without a dramatic shift in policy, China is expected gradually to become a

substantial meat importer. Aggregate imports are forecast to increase from 1.3

million metric tons in 2011 to slightly over 2 million metric tons in 2021, an increase

of 56.2 percent over the decade. Notably, imports in 2021 would be the equivalent of

8.1 of current world meat exports.

Growing meat production and consumption, an increase in China’s already massive

imports of oilseeds, increasing reliance on grain imports and the development of

significant meat and poultry imports have implications for the strategies of

agribusinesses wanting to capitalize on China’s continued growth. Specifically, while

meat companies in other countries can benefit somewhat through increased exports to

China, considerably larger opportunities may exist from enhancing their presence

within China, as permitted by the government. Additionally opportunities for grain

companies to export grains and oilseeds to China will continue to expand.


10

I. Review of China’s Meat Supply and Demand

1.1 Overview of China’s Pork Production

China is the largest hog and pork producer in the world, followed by the European Union

(EU) and the US. Total Chinese pork output in 2011 was 50.5 million metric tons,

accounting for close to 50 percent of world pork production. A rapidly developing

economy in China has significantly increased the purchasing power of the country’s

lower- and middle-income citizens. Because of the growing income, lower- and middle-

income Chinese consumers consumed more pork, which provided the underlying support

for the rapid expansion of China’s hog industry over the past 20 years. China’s pork

production increase over the past 10 years accounted for about 60 percent of the world

pork production increase over the same period.

Exhibit 1: Top Pork Producing Countries (1,000 MT)

China’s pork production has steadily increased over the past decade. Though the share of

pork in the total meat complex has been declining over the past ten years, pork still

commands a majority share in total meat production, followed by poultry meat and beef.

Pork’s share of total meat output declined from over 65.9 percent in 2000 to about 63.5

percent in 2011. Meanwhile, poultry meat share increased from about 19.8 percent in

2000 to about 21.5 percent in 2011. Even with the share of pork production declining,

pork production remains the core of the country's livestock industry.


11

Exhibit 2: Shares of Chinese Meat Production by Species 2000-2011 (percent)

1.2 Regional characteristics of pork production

The hog industry is a labor and grain consumption intensive industry in China.

Traditionally, it is concentrated in population and grain rich areas such as the Northern

Plains and Yangtze River regions including southwestern, central and eastern China.

These regions produce over 70 percent of the pork in China.

Exhibit 3: Provinces of China

Russian Federation

Myanmar

Kazakstan

India

Nepal

Mongolia

Tibet

Sichuan

Inner Mongolia

Guangxi

Zhuang

Shandong

Hebei

JiangsuShaanxi

Anhui

Hunan

Jiangxi

Ningxia

Hui

Guizhou

Liaoning

Gansu

Heilongjiang

Guangdong

Chong

qingSouthwest

Central

Northern

Plain

Eastern

Northwest

Northeast

Southern

Xinjiang WeiJilin

Shanxi

Qinghai

Henan

Hubei

Yunnan

Fujian

Hong Kong

Shanghai

Taiwan

Zhejiang

© 2009 Informa Economics, Inc.

The Northern Plains has the largest pork producers in China with production concentrated

in Shandong, Henan and Hebei provinces. In 2011, the region produced 10.5 million

metric tons of pork, accounting for 20.8 percent of China’s total pork output. The


12

region’s importance as a major pork producer has been moderately declining over the

years from 22.8 percent of the national output in 2004 to 20.8 percent in 2011. The

commercialization process of the hog sector in China requires commercial feed

production, which demands more feed grain and protein meal supplies. As the region’s

feed supply became tight due to the rapid growth of hog production, its share of the

county’s pork output has been declined over the past 5 years.

Southwest China had been the most important pork-producing region in China before the

mid-1990s, accounting for over 23 percent of the country’s total production. The region

includes Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet. Its pork production share on a

national scale has been declining since early 1990s, from about 23.5 percent in 1990 to

20.3 percent in 2011. Though its importance has been declining, the region has remained

a leading pork producer in China, producing over 20 percent of the pork in China. The

region only produces about 9.4 percent of the total corn in China, which is expected to be

a restricting factor for further development of hog production in the region. Currently,

sweet potato and green fodder are the major feed ingredients for many backyard

operations in the region instead of commercial feed. The region is the number one

producer of sweet potato in the country, accounting for 35 percent of the national output.

The third largest pork-producing region is China’s Central region, which includes Hunan,

Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. The region’s pork output accounts for 18.2 percent of the

total production in China. Like the Southwest region, the importance of this region in

pork production also has been declining. Its share of total pork production declined from

20.2 percent in 1995 to 18.2 percent in 2011. The region mainly produces double-crop

rice and a significant portion of low quality rice, and the rice bran is used for hog feed.

Local feed grain production is very small, with corn production only accounting for about

2.5 percent of the national total. The region has to rely on importing corn and meal from

other regions to satisfy its need for feed grain and protein meal consumption.

The Eastern region ranked fourth in pork production in 2011, representing 14.9 percent of

total pork production in China. The Eastern region includes Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai,

Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. The region enjoyed fast economic growth, and a

significant amount of farmland was lost due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. It

is also an insignificant feed grain producing region in China, with corn output in 2011

only accounting for about 3.2 percent of the national total. Double-crop rice has been the

major grain crop in the region, and cheaper, low-quality rice is fed to hogs and poultry to

mitigate some of the feed grain shortage. The Eastern region’s importance in pork

production has been declining over the past twenty years. With economic growth

expected to remain strong for this region and the shortage of feed grain being the long-

term issue, the region’s importance as a pork producer will continue to decline over the

next ten years.

The Southern region includes Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. In 2011, the

region produced about 10.9 percent of the pork in China. Pork production for the region

has been relatively stable over the past 20 years, centered around 11 percent of the

national total. The region also is a minor feed grain producer in China, only producing


13

about 1.7 percent of the national total. However, the coastal waterway and well-

established port system allowed this region to easily access cheap feed grains from the

northeast region and world market. The region is the major pork exporter in China, with

pork mainly exported to Hong Kong and Macao.

The Northeast region is a growing pork producing region in China, which includes

Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. The region produced 10.6 percent of

the total pork in China in 2011. The region has the richest feed grain and soybean

supplies in China, accounting for 41.5 percent of the nation’s corn output in 2011 and

over 50 percent of soybean output. Over the next five to ten years, this region may

become the most important player in China’s pork industry. Ample feed grain and protein

meal supplies, coupled with fewer environmental constraints enforced by the local

government, and the government’s eagerness to encourage production will promote pork

production growth in the region.

Northwest China is the most insignificant pork-producing region in China, only

accounting for about 4.2 percent of the total pork production in China. It includes Shanxi,

Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang provinces. Many of the residents in the

region do not traditionally consume pork. As a result, pork production is not well

developed as in the other regions. However, the region produces about 13.2 percent of the

corn in China and has the potential to produce more in the future. The government’s

heavy investment in infrastructure in the region, a less restrictive environmental policy,

and cheap labor resources may provide opportunities for the development of hog industry

in this region.

Looking back over the past two decades, the distribution of pork production is changing

with two salient characteristics. First, there has been a gradual shift of production from

the feed ingredient deficient Eastern region to feed ingredient rich regions such as

Northeast China. Second, there has been a shift of production from the Pacific Coast

toward inland areas. The fast economic growth along the coast has transformed the area

into a major industrial area. Also, environmental restrictions are more stringent than those

inland, which is also causing operations to move away from the coast. Provinces such as

Hebei and Henan that are rich in feed ingredients and are well connected to inland areas

were among the first to take the lead to increase hog production.

1.3 Overview of China’s Pork Production Policies

1.3.1 Hog Production Policies in the Past

Before 1979, Chinese hog production was managed by the government’s centralized

planning system. The government assigned production targets to producers, and also set

prices at which the government would purchase and distribute products based on the plan.

The system discouraged hog production, and pork supply shortages were a constant

feature. To cope with supply shortages, the government had to ration pork consumption

through a “pork coupon” system.


14

Exhibit 4: Regional Distribution of Pork Production and Feed Grain Production

In 1979, the government introduced a household responsibility system that decentralized

production decisions, and granted farmers the right to manage their hog production. At

the same time, the government also increased its fixed purchase price for hogs. The

significant increase in procurement prices for hogs in 1979 dramatically stimulated the

sale of hogs. The average procurement price of live hogs in 1979 was up more than 26

percent from the previous year. However, the government still monopolized the live hog

purchase and pork distribution system and continued using coupons to ration demand.

Beginning in early 1985, the government eliminated the low fixed pork prices (the price

at which farmers had to sell hogs to the government purchasing stations) and replaced it

with a system in which buyers and sellers negotiate a transaction price. Farmers, for the

first time in many years, were able to sell their live hogs and products either to the

government procurement system or within local rural markets after they secured a

slaughtering permit. Meanwhile, the government also stopped controlling retail prices of

pork sold through the government channels. The policy greatly encouraged hog

production, and shortly afterwards, the government abandoned the pork rationing system.

By 1997, per capita pork consumption reached 29 kilograms, and pork supplies were

slightly on the surplus side for the first time.

In 1999, the government introduced a policy to accelerate the development of animal

husbandry, and hog production was an important part of this policy. In this policy, the

government targeted specialized household and commercial hog production, the

improvement of meat quality through the introduction of better breeds, the expansion of

commercial feed production and the improvement of disease prevention. Pork production


15

continued to increase from 40 million metric tons in 1999 to 46 million metric tons in

2006, up 16 percent over 7 years, or 2 percent annually.

1.3.2 Recently Introduced Policies

Increases in pork supplies and relatively stable demand caused pork prices to fall sharply

in 2007. Meanwhile, prices began increasing for major feed ingredients. Poor feeding

margins forced many hog producers to liquidate their sow herds to cut back losses. To

make things even worse, widespread outbreaks of hog diseases in China led to an even

smaller sow herd, which led to a sharp decline in pork production resulting in very high

pork prices in 2007 and 2008. To reverse the production decline, the Chinese government

introduced a series of policies aimed at encouraging hog production.

1.3.2.1 Policies to Subsidize Sow Production

In August 2007, the government announced its plan to subsidize breeding sows for

production. Between August 1, 2007, and June 30, 2008, producers would receive 50

yuan subsidy for each breeding sow they had. The government later increased the subsidy

to 100 yuan per head for the period 2008 and 2011. The financial burden was shared by

both central and local governments.

In addition to the breeding sow subsidy, the government also provides a sow insurance

subsidy to major hog producers. The insured amount is 1,000 yuan per sow with a 60

yuan premium per sow. For the Central and Western regions, the central government will

cover 50 percent of the insurance premium, local government will pay 30 percent, and

producers pay the remaining 20 percent. For the wealthy Eastern region, it is the local

government’s responsibility to decide how much it will subsidize the insurance premium.

The central government also decided to subsidize artificial insemination of 9 million

breeding sows in 200 major hog producing counties. In 2007 and 2008, the central

government allocated 180 million yuan and 360 million yuan, respectively, to subsidize

artificial insemination. The subsidy was 20 yuan per breeding sow in 2007 and 40 yuan

per breeding sow in 2008.

1.3.2.2 Policies to Subsidize Major Hog Producing Counties

To encourage large producers to increase production, the central government decided to

award subsidies annually to the top 253 hog producing counties and state farms. The

amount of subsidy will be adjusted based on certain factors each year. The award can be

used to subsidize commercial hog operations for revamping hog barns and houses, bring

in genetically desirable breeding stock, and purchasing sanitation and animal waste

treatment technology and equipment. The award can also be used to subsidize interest on

bank loans, vaccination expenses, and disease prevention. Only operations with market

hogs totaling more than 500 head annually qualify for the subsidy. In addition, some

provincial governments provide awards to these counties in addition to the central

government awards.


16

1.3.2.3 Policy to Support Standardized Commercial Hog Operations

Any commercial hog operations that meet the government’s designated “standardized

operations” receive an additional incentive from the central government in the form of an

installment of a waste treatment system. The government defines a standardized

commercial hog operation as one that produces more than 2,000 head of market hogs

annually, has separate housing for workers, has a closed environment management, and

has a hog house or barn suitable to be revamped with equipment for a modern waste

treatment system and minimal environmental pollution. For areas with a low

commercialization rate, the standard can be set lower for operations that produce from

300 to 1999 head of market hogs. In 2011, the central government provided about 3

billion yuan to the standardized commercial operations for upgrading their hog waste

treatment systems as well as constructing facilities to produce biogas from animal waste.

1.3.2.4 Disease Prevention and Disease Control Subsidy Policy

The government provides free, but mandatory, vaccinations for certain highly contagious

hog diseases such as Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) disease

and hoof-and-mouth disease. The central and local governments share the financial

burden of the vaccination costs. The share varies from region to region. For the Eastern

region, the central government provides a 20 percent vaccination subsidy, and local

government subsidizes the remaining cost. In the Central region, the central government

covers 50 percent of the vaccination costs. For the Western region, the central

government covers 80 percent of the vaccination costs, and local government provides

the remaining 20 percent. When there is a need to cull hogs to quarantine disease, the

government also will provide compensation for producers’ losses. The amount of

compensation varies from region to region.

1.3.2.5 The Strategic Hog Reserve Policy

The strategic reserves include live hogs as well as frozen pork stocks. It is composed of

state reserves and local reserves. The government requires that major pork consuming

provinces and major cities maintain frozen pork reserves equivalent to 7 days of

consumption. Pork in the reserve system has to rotate every 4 months. The government

subsidizes all of the costs incurred. The government selects certain commercial hog farms

for live hog reserves. The designated farms will receive subsidies from the government

three times a year, totaling 90 yuan per head. Live hog reserves also rotate every 4

months.

1.3.2.6 Policy to Stabilize Hog Prices

On January 9, 2009, the Chinese government introduced a new quantified measure to

prevent extreme fluctuations in hog prices by pegging the hog price to the feed corn

price. The new measure establishes a target, which prevents the hog-to-corn price ratio

from falling below 5.5.


17

Hog-to-corn price ratios of 9 are considered by the government as a strong indication of a

shortage in domestic hog supplies and excessive hog price hikes. When the ratio is above

9, the government will release pork from the strategic reserves to increase supplies, and

subsidize the low-income families and college students for their pork consumption.

Hog-to-corn price ratios falling between 9 and 6 are considered by the government as an

indication that hog supply and demand are generally in balance. When hog and corn

prices fluctuate within this range, the government will not intervene in the hog market.

Ratios between 6 and 5.5 are considered by the government to show that hog supplies are

slightly larger than demand, which typically causes a decline in hog prices and results in

poor hog feed margins. When the hog-to-corn price ratio stays between 6 and 5.5 for four

consecutive weeks, the government will consider purchasing pork for the state and local

strategic reserves in order to absorb some surplus supplies from the market, based on

market conditions during that period.

Ratios between 5 and 5.5 are considered by the government to indicate that hog supplies

are significantly larger than demand, which means producers will suffer losses in hog

production. When the ratio falls to this range for four consecutive weeks, the government

will instruct the reserves to further increase purchases from the market to absorb some

excessive pork supplies. Meanwhile, the government will also encourage processors to

increase pork processing, and support commercial entities in building their own pork

stocks by subsidizing the storage cost.

If the ratio falls to below 5 and a large scale liquidation of sows begins to occur, the

government will further increase central and local reserves purchases, subsidize the sows

and boars in the government-designated major producing regions by 100 yuan per head,

restrict pork imports and encourage pork exports.

In May 2012, the Chinese government slightly revised its pork market management

measures introduced in 2007. Instead of waiting for the hog-to-corn price ratio to move

above 9 to release state reserves, the new measure calls for releasing frozen pork reserves

when the ratio gets above 8.5.


18

Exhibit 5: Monthly Hog-to-Corn Price Ratio

Exhibit 6: Feeder Pig-to-Pork Price Ratio

The government also introduced other benchmarks to help judge the hog supply and

demand situation. The other benchmarks include: the feeder pig-to-pork price ratio


19

staying above 0.7, maintaining total hog inventory above 410 million head, and

maintaining the breeding gilt/sow inventory above 41 million head.

Exhibit 7: Hog Inventory and Target Level

Exhibit 8: Gilt/Sow Inventory and Target Level


20

1.4 Pork Consumption Trends in China

Pork marketed in China is roughly divided into four main categories – warm fresh pork,

chilled fresh pork, frozen pork and processed pork products. Warm fresh pork accounts

for more than 90 percent of pork consumption in China. Chilled fresh pork, frozen pork

and processed pork account for less than 10 percent of pork consumption.

Warm fresh pork refers to the pork entering the marketing channel without the cooling or

freezing process. Live hogs are normally slaughtered late in the evening or early

mornings at the slaughtering houses and are shipped out right away. When the pork

reaches market in the morning, it still retains some of hog’s body temperature, thus,

appropriately named “warm fresh pork.” The majority of warm fresh pork is marketed

through the “wet markets” with some going into grocery stores and supermarkets.

"Chilled" meat is usually stored at temperatures from around 1°C to +4°C, and it keeps

well for several days. Chilled fresh pork refers to the pork that has gone through a quick

cooling process and stays at 0°C to 4°C for 24 hours after slaughtering, before shipping

to stores and supermarkets. It is marketed in grocery stores, chain stores and

supermarkets equipped with refrigeration cabinets or cases. Chilled fresh pork is

normally not marketed through the wet markets because of the lack of refrigeration

systems in wet markets.

Frozen pork refers to the pork that goes through the –18°C freezing process after

slaughtering. Frozen pork is mostly sold to meat processors, university canteens, high-

end hotels and restaurants. Also, some of the frozen pork goes into the state reserves

system to build strategic pork stocks. Very small amounts of frozen pork are marketed

directly to consumers.

In China, most of the consumers still consider warm fresh pork as the best choice for

their daily meat consumption. CNGOIC’s research found that residents in large cities

such as Beijing and Shanghai consume about 73 percent warm fresh pork, 20 percent

chilled fresh or frozen pork, and 7 percent processed pork such as: sausage, Chinese ham,

pork jerky and canned precooked pork (Spam). Consumers in the medium sized cities

consume about 86 percent warm fresh pork, 7 percent chilled fresh or frozen pork, and 7

percent processed pork. Residents in small cities and towns consume about 91 percent

warm fresh pork, 4 percent chilled fresh or frozen pork, and 5 percent processed pork.

Rural consumers consume about 96 percent warm fresh pork and 4 percent processed

pork.


21

Exhibit 9: Pork Consumption by Type

Pork packing businesses have been promoting chilled fresh pork consumption in China

for several years. They present the chilled fresh pork as healthier, better tasting, and more

nutritious than the traditional warm fresh pork. Initially, chilled fresh pork was mainly

sold through the existing stores and supermarkets. To increase the market share of chilled

fresh pork, leading pork packing businesses such as Shuanghui Group and Jinluo Group

even created their own chain stores, as well as franchised stores across the country that

specialize in chilled fresh pork marketing. However, they have achieved little success so

far in expanding the market share of chilled fresh pork. Shuanghui Group and Jinluo

Group had to close some of their chilled fresh pork chain stores due to limited demand.

There are several factors limiting the expansion of chilled fresh pork market share.

(1) Most consumers still consider warm fresh pork as the freshest pork available in the

market, and are not willing to switch to chilled fresh or frozen pork. A survey showed

that the majority of the Chinese consumers favor warm fresh pork over chilled fresh or

frozen pork. They felt more comfortable buying fresh pork that was available for sale

within only a few hours after slaughtering.

(2) Buyers normally purchase their pork from the wet markets, where the sellers were

usually not equipped with a refrigeration system to allow them to sell chilled fresh or

frozen pork. There currently are substantially more establishments for wet markets than

supermarkets in China within walking distance of residential areas. For small groups of

people who buy pork from the supermarkets in the city, the stores offer both warm fresh

pork and chilled fresh pork for sale.

(3) Relatively higher marketing costs of the chilled fresh pork. Sellers in the wet markets

only need simple things like stands, cutting boards, and weighing scales to market their

fresh pork with negligible sunk and marginal costs. Marketing chilled fresh pork in chain

stores and supermarkets, comparatively, incurs more costs. First, chilled fresh pork will

lose about 1 percent of the weight compared to warm fresh pork. Transporting and

storage of chilled fresh pork with refrigeration equipment also increases meat-marketing

costs.

Though chilled fresh pork is currently at a disadvantage to warm fresh pork, the industry

believes that consumers will eventually accept the chilled fresh pork in the future. First,

the Chinese government is promoting centralized and large-scale hog slaughtering houses

to supply large consumption areas, which will naturally require some refrigeration in


22

transportation and storage to preserve meat quality. Urbanization, sanitation issues, and

environmental requirements will also require consolidation of slaughtering houses, and

lead to a reduction of wet markets in urban areas. Gradually, supermarkets and chain

stores will become the main market outlets for pork products in urban areas. Also, it is

very difficult for the government to inspect and control meat quality when a majority of

the pork is sold through wet markets.

Exhibit 10: Shanghui Group and Jinluo Group’s Chilled Fresh Pork Chain Stores

1.5 Review of China’s Pork Supply and Demand Situation

China has generally been self-sufficient in its pork supply, fulfilling demand for the past

ten years. For most of those years, China was able to have net exports of small amounts

of pork to the world market, with neighboring Asian countries generally as the buyers.

However, rising pork demand has turned China into a net pork importer since 2008.

Between 1997 and 2011, pork production increased by 14.5 million metric tons, from

36.0 million metric tons to 50.5 million metric tons. At the same time, pork consumption

grew by 15.2 million metric tons from 35.8 million metric tons in 1997 to 51.0 million

metric tons in 2011. Pork consumption declined sharply in 2007 to 42.7 million metric

tons due to a disease impacted supply shortage and high prices.


23

Exhibit 11 : China Pork Balance (1000 MT)

Date 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Beginning Inventories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 233 264

Production 35,963 38,837 40,056 39,660 40,517 41,231 42,386 43,410 45,553 46,505 42,878 46,205 48,908 50,712 50,531

Imports 14 60 57 65 76 91 124 137 48 53 182 709 270 415 758

Total Supply 35,977 38,897 40,113 39,725 40,593 41,322 42,510 43,547 45,601 46,558 43,060 46,914 49,378 51,360 51,553

Exports 201 203 143 144 223 307 397 537 502 544 350 223 232 278 244

Domestic Consumption 35,776 38,694 39,970 39,581 40,370 41,015 42,113 43,010 45,099 46,014 42,710 46,491 48,913 50,819 51,024

Total Use 35,977 38,897 40,113 39,725 40,593 41,322 42,510 43,547 45,601 46,558 43,060 46,714 49,145 51,097 51,268

Ending Inventories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 233 264 285


24

Per capita consumption of pork in China has grown from 28.9 kilograms per person in

1997 to 38.2 kilograms per person in 2011, up 32 percent during this period. Per capita

pork consumption declined in 2007 to 32.6 kilograms per person, due to a shortage in

pork supplies and sharply higher pork prices caused by widespread hog diseases and

rising feed costs.

Exhibit 12: Per Capita Pork Consumption in China

As a major pork consuming country, China’s per capita pork consumption is 8.6

kilograms above the world average consumption level of 29.6 kilograms. Its per capita

consumption of pork is even higher than the United States, Canada, Japan, and South

Korea. However, China’s per capita pork consumption is below European countries as

well as the other regions that have similar diets such as Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Hong Kong’s per capita consumption in 2011 was about double that of Mainland China’s

level. Taiwan’s per capita consumption also was about 0.5 kilograms above Mainland

China’s level.


25

Exhibit 13: Per Capita Pork Consumption by Country and Region (kg/person)

1.6 Regional Pork Surplus and Deficit

Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, and Sichuan are major hog

production surplus provinces, while Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, and

Shanxi provinces, as well as Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin, are major deficit provinces

and cities. Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan provinces are the main suppliers for the deficit

regions in southern China. Live hogs and pork from Shandong and Henan provinces flow

into the deficit regions in eastern and central China. Hebei, Liaoning and Jilin mainly

meet the pork demand in Beijing and Tianjin.

1.6.1 Major Pork Surplus Provinces

Hunan province was the largest pork (live hog converted into pork equivalent) surplus

province in 2011, supplying over 1 million metric tons of pork equivalent to other

provinces, which accounts for 27.8 percent of its total pork production. Its major pork

marketing areas include Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces, with Guangdong

accounting for over 60 percent of the total surplus outflow. Sichuan was the fifth largest

pork surplus province in 2011. Total outflow of pork equivalent is estimated at 373

thousand metric tons for 2011, accounting for 19 percent of the total local

1996 2000 2005 2010 2011

Argentina 6.6 7.7 6.0 7.9 8.8

Australia 18.1 18.3 21.3 22.4 22.2

Brazil 9.2 10.4 10.3 12.8 13.0

Canada 26.3 29.5 25.0 23.8 23.0

China 25.6 31.3 34.8 38.2 38.2

EU-27 40.1 43.2 43.8 43.4 42.8

Hong Kong 49.9 56.0 59.6 65.9 76.7

Japan 17.5 17.2 19.6 19.5 19.8

South Korea 19.2 22.8 27.3 31.6 30.5

Singapore 27.8 16.0 22.4 23.2 21.3

Taiwan 41.8 43.5 41.6 39.1 38.7

United States 28.3 30.0 29.3 28.1 26.8

World 23.7 26.8 28.5 30.2 29.6


26

pork production. Its market reach covers Guangdong, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces.

The outflow of pork has been declining over recent years; from 900 to 373 thousand

metric tons annually.

Henan, Shandong, and Hebei are the major pork surplus provinces in northern China,

with Henan being the largest in the region. Aggregate pork outflow from these three

provinces amounts to 1.5 million metric tons, representing 22.5 percent of their combined

pork production. Pork from Hebei mainly flows into Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang, and

Jiangsu provinces, with a small portion going into Shanxi. Henan’s pork market area

includes Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Shanghai, with a small amount going into Hunan,

Hubei, Beijing, and Tianjin. Shandong is a major supplier of pork for Shanghai, Zhejiang,

Jiangsu, and Beijing.

Jilin and Liaoning provinces are the rising pork and surplus producing provinces. In

2011, the total outflow of pork equivalent from these two provinces amounted to 818

thousand metric tons, accounting for 23.5 percent of their combined pork production.

Their pork mainly flows into Beijing and Tianjin, with a small amount going into

Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang.

1.6.2 Major Pork Deficit Provinces

Guangdong by far is the largest pork deficit province in China, needing a total of 2.1

million metric tons of inflow in 2011 (for Guangdong is local consumption, not including

pork transported through Guangdong into Hong Kong and Macao), which accounted for

about 44 percent of the local pork consumption. The province mainly purchases pork

from Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Yunnan, and Henan provinces.

Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces are located in eastern China, the region with

the fastest economic growth. These were major pork inflow regions in 2011, with

aggregate pork equivalent imports from other regions amounting to 1.8 million metric

tons, representing close to one-third of the local consumption. These provinces mainly

source their pork needs from Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan

provinces.

Shanxi and Shaanxi are located in northwest China, and have relatively small pork

production. With the constant economic development over the past ten years, demand for

pork has been increasing, and these two provinces became pork deficit regions. The

combined pork deficit from these two provinces is about 552 thousand metric tons,

accounting for 29.8 percent of local consumption. These two provinces mainly source

pork from Henan and Hebei provinces.


27

Exhibit 14: Map Pork Flow from Hunan Province

ShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiSichuanSichuanSichuanSichuanSichuanSichuanSichuanSichuanSichuan

JiangxiJiangxiJiangxiJiangxiJiangxiJiangxiJiangxiJiangxiJiangxi

ShanxiShanxiShanxiShanxiShanxiShanxiShanxiShanxiShanxi

HunanHunanHunanHunanHunanHunanHunanHunanHunan

Tianj inTianj inTianj inTianj inTianj inTianj inTianj inTianj inTianj in

ShaanxiShaanxiShaanxiShaanxiShaanxiShaanxiShaanxiShaanxiShaanxi

ChongqingChongqingChongqingChongqingChongqingChongqingChongqingChongqingChongqing

GuangxiGuangxiGuangxiGuangxiGuangxiGuangxiGuangxiGuangxiGuangxi

HenanHenanHenanHenanHenanHenanHenanHenanHenan

GansuGansuGansuGansuGansuGansuGansuGansuGansu

Fuj ianFuj ianFuj ianFuj ianFuj ianFuj ianFuj ianFuj ianFuj ian

GuangdongGuangdongGuangdongGuangdongGuangdongGuangdongGuangdongGuangdongGuangdong

YunnanYunnanYunnanYunnanYunnanYunnanYunnanYunnanYunnan


TibetTibetTibetTibetTibetTibetTibetTibetTibet

QinghaiQinghaiQinghaiQinghaiQinghaiQinghaiQinghaiQinghaiQinghai

Xinj iangXinj iangXinj iangXinj iangXinj iangXinj iangXinj iangXinj iangXinj iang

JiangsuJiangsuJiangsuJiangsuJiangsuJiangsuJiangsuJiangsuJiangsu

ShandongShandongShandongShandongShandongShandongShandongShandongShandong

HebeiHebeiHebeiHebeiHebeiHebeiHebeiHebeiHebei

Beij ingBeij ingBeij ingBeij ingBeij ingBeij ingBeij ingBeij ingBeij ing

LiaoningLiaoningLiaoningLiaoningLiaoningLiaoningLiaoningLiaoningLiaoning

Inner MongoliaInner MongoliaInner MongoliaInner MongoliaInner MongoliaInner MongoliaInner MongoliaInner MongoliaInner Mongolia

Heilongj iangHeilongj iangHeilongj iangHeilongj iangHeilongj iangHeilongj iangHeilongj iangHeilongj iangHeilongj iang

JilinJilinJilinJilinJilinJilinJilinJilinJilin

NingxiaNingxiaNingxiaNingxiaNingxiaNingxiaNingxiaNingxiaNingxia

AnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhui

HubeiHubeiHubeiHubeiHubeiHubeiHubeiHubeiHubei

Zhej iangZhej iangZhej iangZhej iangZhej iangZhej iangZhej iangZhej iangZhej iang

TaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwan

HainanHainanHainanHainanHainanHainanHainanHainanHainan


28

Exhibit 15: Map Pork Flow from Sichuan, Guangxi, Yunnan Province

































29

Exhibit 16: Map Pork Flow from Henan, Shandong and Hebei Provinces

































30

Exhibit 17: Map Pork Flow from Jilin and Lianong Provinces

































31

Exhibit 18: Pork Surplus and Deficit by Province (1,000 MT)

Region Province Surplus/Deficit

Northeast Inner Mongolia 0

Northeast Liaoning 312

Northeast Jilin 506

Northeast Heilongjiang 81

North Beijing -496

North Tianjin -227

North Hebei 253

North Shandong 482

North Henan 772

Northwest Shanxi -236

Northwest Shaanxi -316

Northwest Gansu -37

Northwest Qinghai 0

Northwest Ningxia -27

Northwest Xinjiang 28

East Shanghai -579

East Jiangsu -551

East Zhejiang -629

East Anhui 142

East Fujian -137

Central Jiangxi 309

Central Hubei 393

Central Hunan 1,129

South Guangdong -2,117

South Guangxi 260

South Hainan 95

Southwest Chongqing 54

Southwest Sichuan 373

Southwest Guizhou -59

Southwest Yunnan 225

Southwest Tibet -3

Beijing and Tianjin are two of the largest metropolitan areas in China, each with a heavy

population and limited pork production capability. The cities import pork from other

regions all year round. In 2011, the total pork equivalent importation amounted to 722

thousand metric tons, accounting for 58.2 percent of the total local consumption. These

two cities mainly source pork from Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and Anhui provinces. With

increasing pork production in Liaoning and Jilin, these two provinces have also become

major suppliers of pork for Beijing and Tianjin.


32

1.6.3 Pork Self-Sufficient Provinces

Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Gansu provinces in northwest China, and Inner

Mongolia and Heilongjiang province in northeast China are generally self-sufficient in

pork supply. The residents in these provinces have different meat diets than other regions

in China. Substantially more beef and mutton is consumed due to differences in cultural

and religious beliefs. As a result, both pork production and consumption are equally low

in these provinces.

1.2 Overview of China’s Beef Production and Demand

1.2.1 Regional Concentration of Beef Production

China is the fourth largest beef producer in the world, behind the US, Brazil and the EU.

Total Chinese beef output in 2011 was 6.5 million metric tons accounting for about 11.2

percent of world beef production. Rising purchasing power had led Chinese consumers

buy more beef over the past decade. China’s beef production increase over the past 10

years accounted for about more than one fourth of the world pork production increase

over the same period.

Exhibit 19: Top Beef Producing Countries (1,000 MT)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 Share

United States 11,585 12,298 11,318 12,047 11,997 20.8%

Brazil 6,080 6,520 8,592 9,115 9,030 15.6%

EU-27 8,835 8,492 8,090 8,048 8,030 13.9%

China 4,154 5,131 5,681 6,531 6,475 11.2%

India 1,100 1,525 2,170 2,842 3,170 5.5%

FSU-12 4,808 3,384 3,181 3,072 2,974 5.1%

Argentina 2,600 2,880 3,200 2,620 2,530 4.4%

Australia 1,717 1,988 2,102 2,087 2,150 3.7%

Mexico 1,850 1,900 1,725 1,751 1,825 3.2%

Pakistan -- 886 1,004 1,470 1,435 2.5%

Canada 928 1,263 1,470 1,272 1,170 2.0%

Colombia 604 662 750 885 905 1.6%

South Africa 542 630 679 690 680 1.2%

New Zealand 630 581 661 643 601 1.0%

Uruguay 344 440 600 565 520 0.9%

Japan 601 530 500 515 501 0.9%

Others 2,629 4,050 4,322 3,895 3,820 6.6%

World 49,007 53,160 56,045 58,048 57,813 100.0%

The Northern Plains has the largest beef producers in China, with production


33

concentrated in Shandong, Henan and Hebei provinces. In 2011, the region produced 2.1

million metric tons of beef, accounting for close to one third of China’s total beef output.

The region’s importance as a major pork producer has been moderately declining over

the past decade.

Exhibit 20 : Regional Distribution of Beef Production

The Northeast is the second largest beef-producing region in China, including

Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia provinces. The region produced 26.9

percent of the total beef in China in 2011. The region has the richest supply of feed

ingredients for producing cattle in China. Over the next five to ten years, this region may

become the most important player in China’s beef industry. Ample feed grain, protein

meal and fodder supplies will support beef production growth in the region.

Southwest China is the third largest beef production base in China, accounting for about

14.4 percent of the country’s total production. The region includes Sichuan, Chongqing,

Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet. Its beef production share on a national scale had been

increasing over the past ten years from about 10.4 percent in 2001 to 14.4 percent in

2011. The region’s rich supplies of grasses and declining needs from use of water buffalo

are expected to further expand cattle beef production.

Northwest China ranked fourth in beef production in China, accounting for about 12

percent of the total beef production. It includes Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai,

Ningxia and Xinjiang provinces. Many of the residents in the region do not traditionally

consume pork. Beef and mutton are the major dietary meats for local consumers.


34

However the low income level and degraded grassland have limited the region’s

expansion in beef production.

1.2.2 Overview of China’s Beef Production Policies

Since beef is a minor meat component in China, only accounting for about 8 percent of

the total meat production and had very little impact on China’s food CPI, beef production

receives much less policy scrutiny from the Chinese government than pork production.

The beef industry is seen by the Chinese government as a means to save grain while

producing more meat for China’s growing demand. The beef production support policy

has been mainly focused on the breeding side. Breeding herds generate a 20 to 30 yuan

subsidy per cow annually. Breeding cows and bulls with desired traits receive a one-time

subsidy of 500 yuan per head. In eastern China, local governments assume the cost of

subsidies. In western China, the central government and local governments share the

financial burden of the subsidies. Import tariffs for breeding bovines are waived to

encourage breeding farms to bring in more good beef and dairy cattle species to

crossbreed with domestic species. Also, the Chinese government believes that

commercialization of beef production will help to increase beef output in China.

Commercial beef cattle operations and dairy operations also receive subsidies for the

construction of commercial feedlots and barns, waste treatment, and epidemic disease

prevention. In 2010, the industry received a 1.5 billion yuan subsidy from the central

government, which was about 15 times more than what it received in 2005.

1.2.3 Beef Consumption Trends in China

Per capita consumption of beef in China has grown from 2.8 kilograms per person in

1996 to 4.8 kilograms per person in 2011, up 71.3 percent during this period. China’s per

capita beef consumption still is 6.2 kilograms below the world average consumption level

of 11 kilograms. Its per capita consumption of beef is even below the levels of

surrounding countries and those with similar diets such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea

and Singapore, which suggests there is significant room for the Chinese population to

increase beef consumption.


35

Exhibit 21: Per Capita Beef Consumption by Country and Region (kg/person)

Beef was historically a major meat item for certain ethnic Chinese, especially Hui ethnic

Muslims who traditionally consumed more beef than other ethnic groups. However, as

the Chinese purchasing power rises, Chinese consumers have begun to consume more

beef. The most common Chinese cooking methods for beef were to stew beef chunks

into thin slices or cubes with various spices added to stir fry beef strips and to fondue

(hotpot) beef. Steamed or grilled beef are mostly served in the high-end restaurants and

hotels. The popularity of fondue (hotpot) contributed to a large share of beef consumption

increases in China over the past few years. In the past, fondue (hotpot) was mainly used

in the winter holiday season for gatherings of family and friends. Nowadays, fondue has

become a year-around dish for consumption. A majority of the meats used in fondue are

beef and mutton. Due to strong demand for beef and mutton in fondue, Chinese meat

processors are using duck meat to produce beef and mutton imitations.

1996 2000 2005 2010 2011

Argentina 58.7 68.2 62.6 56.2 54.6

Australia 38.7 35.0 37.5 35.3 34.8

Brazil 37.0 34.6 36.0 37.8 38.0

Canada 30.9 32.0 31.7 29.6 30.0

China 2.8 4.0 4.3 4.9 4.8

EU-27 16.8 18.0 18.1 17.0 16.5

Hong Kong 12.5 13.2 14.8 23.8 23.4

Japan 11.4 12.3 9.3 9.6 9.7

South 10.1 12.8 9.2 12.5 13.9

Singapore 5.7 5.9 4.8 6.0 6.3

Taiwan 3.4 4.1 4.4 5.9 5.9

United States 44.2 44.3 42.8 39.1 37.5

World 11.3 11.5 11.5 11.2 11.0


36

Exhibit 22: Most Common Beef Consumption Types

1.2.4 Review of China’s Beef Supply and Demand Situation

Between 1997 and 2011, beef supply increased by 2.1 million metric tons, from 4.4

million metric tons to 6.5 million metric tons. At the same time, beef consumption also

grew by 2.1 million metric tons, from 4.3 million metric tons in 1997 to 6.4 million


37

metric tons in 2011. Pork remained a major meat dietary item in China. As a result, beef

is mainly a supplementary meat depending on availability and prices. China had been

self-sufficient in its beef supply and has net exports of a small amount of beef to the

world market with Hong Kong and Macau the chief buyers. However, rising domestic

beef demand has shrunk the amount of beef available for exports over the past few years,

with beef exports declining from 85 thousand metric tons in 2006 to 55 thousand in 2011.

Meanwhile, beef imports increased from 10 thousand metric tons in 2006 to 28 thousand

in 2011, increasing by 180 percent.

1.3 Overview of China’s Lamb/Mutton Production and Demand

1.3.1 Regional Concentration of Mutton Production

China produces close to 4 million metric tons of mutton annually, representing about 5

percent of the total meat output in China. Total mutton output increased from 2.1 million

metric tons in 2007 to 3.9 million metric tons in 2011, up 85.2 percent during this period.

However, its share of total meat production declined from 5.6 percent in 2007 to 4.9

percent in 2011. Mutton production is mainly concentrated in Northeast, Northern and

Northwestern China with those three regions accounting for over 74 percent of total

production in 2011.

Northeast China experienced the fastest growth in mutton production over the past ten

years. Its mutton output grew from 405 thousand metric tons in 2001 to 1.1 million

metric tons in 2011, an increase of 174 percent over the past ten years. Though Northern

China remained an important mutton producer in the country, its importance has been

declining over the past ten years. Its share of the national production declined from 31.8

percent in 2001 to 22.5 percent in 2011. Northwestern China’s share of mutton

production was relatively stable over the past ten years as around 23 to 24 percent of

national production.


38

Exhibit 23: China Beef Balance (1,000 MT)


39

Exhibit 24: Regional Distribution of Mutton Production

1.3.2 Overview of China’s Mutton Production Policies

Mutton production has received very limited policy support because of its minor role in

the meat complex. Like beef production, mutton production mainly receives breeding

subsidies from the Chinese government. Producers will be awarded 800 yuan annually

per ram they keep. Importing sheep/lamb for breeding purposes enjoys an import tariff

waiver as well.

For grazing grassland, the central government provides a 150 yuan per hectare subsidy to

producers to cover their costs of grass seeding and prevent excessive grazing on the

grassland.

Similar to beef production, the Chinese government views mutton production as an

alternative to grain fed animal production while not stressing the already tight feed grain

and meal balance. It is expected that the Chinese government will continue to encourage

mutton production using non-grain ingredients.

1.3.3 Lamb/Mutton Consumption Trends in China

Mutton was traditionally a major meat intake for Chinese Hui ethnic - Muslims.

However, as the Chinese living standard has improved, Chinese consumers


40

started to consume more mutton. The popularity of fondue (hotpot) has led to increasing

consumption of mutton. Beef and mutton together comprise the major meat ingredients in

fondue dishes. Per capita mutton consumption increased from 1.7 kilogram per person in

1997 to 3 kilograms per person in 2011, an increase of 74.1 percent over the period.

Mutton consumption is expected to continue to increase over the next ten years.

Exhibit 25: Chinese Per Capita Consumption of Mutton

1.3.4 Review of China’s Mutton Supply and Demand Situation

Between 1997 and 2011, mutton supply increased by 1.9 million metric tons, from 2.1

million metric tons to 4 million metric tons. At the same time, mutton consumption also

grew by 1.9 million metric tons, from 2.1 million metric tons in 1997 to 4 million metric

tons in 2011. Like beef, mutton is a supplementary meat depending on availability and

prices. China was a net mutton importer as its domestic supply was slightly below

consumption. Rising domestic mutton demand led Chinese mutton imports to grow from

4 thousand metric tons in 1997 to 83 thousand metric tons in 2011. Meanwhile, mutton

exports declined from 33 thousand metric tons in 2006 to 8 thousand in 2011, down 75.7

percent in five years.


41

Exhibit 26: China Mutton Balance (1,000 MT)

Date 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


Production 2,128 2,346 2,513 2,641 2,718 2,835 3,087 3,329 3,501 3,638 3,826 3,803 3,894 3,989 3,931

Imports 4 9 10 18 25 35 34 33 41 37 47 55 66 57 83

Total Supply 2,132 2,355 2,523 2,659 2,744 2,869 3,121 3,362 3,542 3,675 3,873 3,859 3,961 4,046 4,014

Exports 1 3 3 4 3 5 12 24 30 33 22 15 10 13 8


Total Use 2,132 2,355 2,523 2,659 2,744 2,869 3,121 3,362 3,542 3,675 3,873 3,859 3,961 4,046 4,014



42

1.4 Overview of China’s Poultry Production and Demand

China is one of the largest poultry producers in the world, producing over 11 billion birds

in recent years. Total poultry production had increased from 8.3 billion birds in 2001 to

11.4 billion birds in 2011, up 36.7 percent in 10 years, or 3.2 percent annually. The

poultry produced in China includes broilers, duck, geese, turkey, quail, pigeons and other

specialty birds. Chicken represents about 82 percent of the total poultry production,

followed by duck, accounting for about 13 percent, and geese, about 3 percent. Poultry

production is the second largest meat-producing sector in China, accounting for about 21

percent of the total meat produced in China. Its share of total meat output increased from

18.6 percent in 1997 to 21.5 percent in 2011. Total poultry meat output increased from

11.8 million metric tons in 2001 to 17.1 million metric tons in 2011, up 45.3 percent in

10 years or 3.8 percent annually. Out of over 11 billion birds produced in China, about

2.8 billion birds were raised as egg layers, accounting for about 25.8 percent of the total

poultry flock.

Exhibit 27: Poultry Supply and Demand 1997-2010 (Million Birds)

1.4.1 Regional Characteristics of Poultry Meat Production

The poultry sector can be further segmented into a white bird and three yellow-bird

categories. White birds are foreign breeds, which typically have a short production cycle.

They are more efficient in meat production, and almost all of the operations are

commercial. Yellow-birds normally have a worse feed-to-meat conversion ratio and

longer production cycle, but their meat is more flavorful. Production of white birds is

concentrated in northern China while the production of the three yellow-birds is mainly

concentrated in the southern part of China.

In 2010, the Northern Plains produced 4.4 million metric tons of poultry meat, accounting

for 26.7 percent of China’s total poultry meat output. The region’s importance as a major

poultry meat producer has been declining over the years from 33.2 percent of the national

output in 2005 to 26.7 percent in 2010. The region mainly produces white birds and the

commercial share is very high.


43

Exhibit 28: Regional Distribution of Poultry Meat Production (1,000 MT and % of

Total)

East and Southern China ranked as second and third largest poultry meat producers in

China, accounting for about 18-19 percent of national poultry output annually. In the

East region, poultry meat production is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu and Anhui

provinces. White birds are estimated to account for about 70 percent of the total bird

production in the region while three-yellow birds account for about 30 percent. In

Southern China, poultry meat production mainly concentrated in Guangdong and

Guangxi provinces, where three-yellow birds accounted for majority of the poultry meat

production.

The fourth ranking poultry-producing region is China’s Northeast region, concentrated in

Liaoning and Jilin provinces. The region mainly produces white bird meat. Even though

the region is feed ingredient rich, poultry meat production did not grow as fast as pork,

beef or mutton production. The region’s poultry meat output accounted for 14.4 percent

of the total production in China in 2010. The region largely produces white bird meat.

Poultry meat production in Central and Southwestern China accounted for about 10.5

percent and 9.8 percent of the national total, respectively. The region mainly produces

three-yellow birds due to local dietary preferences.

1.4.2 Overview of China’s Poultry Production Policies

Unlike the hog industry, the poultry industry received much less attention from the

Chinese government before 2004, as it was less important than the hog sector. In the


44

government’s mind, it was even less important than the beef and mutton industry.

However, an outbreak of the bird flu in 2004 made the government realize the importance

of the industry. After 2004, a series of policies was introduced to support the poultry and

egg layer industry.

Between 2005 and 2006, the Chinese government waived the business income tax and

value-added tax levied on the industry to help the recovery of the industry from the bird

flu impact. The government paid the full cost of bird flu vaccination and compensated

poultry producers for losses due to culling birds in the bird flu outbreak area. Those

policies helped the industry to recover quickly from the disease impact and resume

growth.

In order to improve the livestock and poultry breeding stock to increase productivity, the

Chinese government started to subsidize the livestock and poultry breeding industry in

2007. The annual subsidy increased from 140 million yuan in 2007 to 990 million yuan in

2010, an increase of 607 percent over a four-year period. For each commercial poultry-

breeding farm, the central government provided a 1 million yuan subsidy.

To help the industry hedge against business risks, the government introduced a livestock

and poultry insurance program in 2008. The central government would subsidize 50

percent of the insurance cost if a producer chose to buy insurance. Depending on the

region, local government also may provide insurance subsidies on top of the central

government subsidy.

1.4.3 Poultry Meat Consumption Trends in China

China’s poultry meat production steadily grew over the past ten years. Per capita poultry

meat consumption increased from 6.8 kilograms per person in 1996 to 12.6 kilograms per

person in 2011, an increase of 86.2 percent in 15 years or 4.2 percent annually. In

aggregate terms, China is the largest poultry meat-consuming country in the world.

However, per capita poultry meat consumption in China is well below the 29.6 kilograms

per person of the world average or 51.3 kilograms per person in the US.

Cooking style largely has determined what types of broilers are consumed in China.

Consumers in the south like the taste of boiled broiler meat, while consumers in the north

like roasted broiler or broiler meat stir fried with sauces and spices. The three-yellow

bird meat is more suitable for the southern cooking style, while white bird meat is well fit

for northern cooking style or fast food needs.

Though Chinese consumption in term of broiler meat is low, the Chinese consume a lot

of poultry wings, feet and offal. In a Chinese grocery store, the chicken wing is more

expensive than the chicken breast meat, and the chicken feet price is very close to the

chicken breast price.


45

Exhibit 29: Difference Between Southern and Northern Cooking Style

Exhibit 30: Per Capita Poultry Meat Consumption by Country and Region

(kg/person)

1996 2000 2005 2010 2011

Argentina 19.5 24.1 24.0 35.7 37.6

Australia 24.6 30.0 34.5 40.3 41.5

Brazil 21.5 29.5 36.0 47.0 49.2

Canada 28.5 32.8 34.2 33.9 33.7

China 6.8 9.5 10.2 12.4 12.6

EU-27 16.0 20.0 21.2 22.7 22.8

Hong Kong 48.3 37.8 38.8 43.0 59.2

Japan 13.8 14.0 14.7 16.3 16.4

South Korea 9.8 10.0 10.6 15.2 16.4

Singapore 28.6 36.7 29.7 33.1 33.7

Taiwan 25.8 29.8 28.7 28.4 27.7

United States 44.7 48.6 53.0 51.2 51.3

World 23.7 26.8 28.5 30.2 29.6

1.4.4 Review of China’s Poultry Supply and Demand Situation

China’s poultry meat production steadily grew over the past ten years. Total poultry meat

production increased from 11.7 million metric tons in 2001 to 17.1 million metric tons in

2011, an increase of 45.3 percent in ten years or 3.8 percent annually. Total poultry meat


46

consumption increased in line with the supply from 11.7 million metric tons in 2001 to

16.9 million metric tons in 2011, up 43.8 percent in ten years or 3.7 percent annually.

With the domestic production slightly above domestic consumption, China was able to

export a small amount of poultry meat in 2011.

1.4.5 Regional Surplus and Deficit of Poultry Meat

Shandong, Liaoning, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jilin and Anhui are major poultry meat surplus

provinces, while Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Shanxi, Zhejiang,

Shanghai, Beijing and Tian are the major deficit provinces.

Shandong province was the largest poultry meat (live poultry converted into meat

equivalent) surplus province in 2010, supplying about 867 thousand metric tons of

poultry equivalent to other provinces, which accounts for 36.3 percent of its total poultry

production. Its major poultry marketing areas includes Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia,

Inner Mongolia, Hubei and Tianjin. Shandong is a top poultry meat exporter in China.

Liaoning and Jilin provinces were also key poultry meat surplus provinces in 2010,

supplying about 651 thousand metric tons to neighboring provinces, which accounted for

about 34.7 percent of their total poultry production. Their main market reach includes

Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces. Liaoning also is a

major broiler meat export province in China.

Guangxi was the third largest poultry meat surplus province in China in 2010, supplying

about 394 thousand metric tons of poultry meat to surrounding provinces. Its marketing

area includes Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and Chongqing.

The Northwest and Southwest are the two major deficit poultry meat regions. They

relied on other surplus to meet their poultry meat needs.


47

Exhibit 31: Poultry Meat Supply and Demand (000 MT)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


Production 9,785 10,563 11,155 11,911 11,761 11,971 12,390 12,578 13,442 13,631 14,476 15,336 15,949 16,561 17,090

Imports 369 398 585 625 496 497 523 178 231 360 512 444 428 312 273

Total Supply 10,154 10,961 11,740 12,536 12,257 12,468 12,913 12,756 13,673 13,991 14,988 15,780 16,377 16,873 17,363

Exports 357 347 396 489 521 481 430 265 374 372 404 331 341 433 481


Total Use 10,154 10,961 11,740 12,536 12,257 12,468 12,913 12,756 13,673 13,991 14,988 15,780 16,377 16,873 17,363



48

Exhibit 32: Poultry Meat Surplus and Deficit by Province (1,000 MT)

Region Province Surplus/Deficit

Northeast Inner Mongolia -49

Northeast Liaoning 410

Northeast Jilin 241

Northeast Heilongjiang -76

North Beijing -64

North Tianjin -68

North Hebei -55

North Shandong 867

North Henan -100

Northwest Shanxi -177

Northwest Shaanxi -226

Northwest Gansu -136

Northwest Qinghai -30

Northwest Ningxia -22

Northwest Xinjiang -62

East Shanghai -141

East Jiangsu 289

East Zhejiang -176

East Anhui 207

East Fujian -130

Central Jiangxi -29

Central Hubei -85

Central Hunan -217

South Guangdong 81

South Guangxi 394

South Hainan 72

Southwest Chongqing -71

Southwest Sichuan -187

Southwest Guizhou -233

Southwest Yunnan -214

Southwest Tibet -13

1.5 Overview of China’s Egg Production and Demand

China’s egg output accounted for close to 40 percent of the total world egg production in

2011. Among all the eggs produced in China, chicken eggs represented over 85 percent

of the total egg output. China’s egg production has also grown significantly over the past

ten years. Total egg production increased from 22.1 million metric tons in 2001 to 28.1


49

million metric tons in 2011, an increase of 27.2 percent in ten years or 2.4 percent

annually. Meanwhile, domestic egg consumption has been growing at the similar pace as

egg output. Domestic consumption of eggs grew from 22.1 million metric tons in 2001 to

28 million metric tons in 2011, up 27.1 percent in ten years. With supply slightly above

the domestic demand, China is able to export a small number of eggs to the world market.

Total egg exports grew from 36 thousand metric tons in 2001 to 72 thousand metric tons,

an increase of 99 percent or 7.1 percent annually.

1.6 Overview of China’s Other Meat Production and Demand

China produces and consumes a small amount of other meats including rabbit, hare,

horse, donkey, mule meats. Between 1997 and 2011, other meat production nearly

quadrupled, from 40 thousand metric tons in 1997 to 155 thousand metric tons in 2011.

At the same time, other meat consumption grew by 119 thousand metric tons, from 28

thousand metric tons in 1997 to 148 thousand metric tons in 2011. Rising domestic

demand for other meats had led China to import some of the other meats from the world

market. The imports of other meats grew from almost zero to 11 thousand metric tons in

2011. Though China remained a net exporter of other meats, its exports declined from 21

thousand metric tons in 2006 to 7 thousand metric tons in 2011.

1.7 Overview of China’s Aquatic Products Production and Demand

Like many Asians, Chinese consumers love fresh and salt water fish, shrimp, prawns,

crabs, shellfish etc. In early 1970s and 1980s, when China’s livestock and poultry meat

supplies were low and the government had to ration the meat demand through a “coupon”

system, aquatic products became one of the main sources of protein for Chinese

consumers. Since early 1990s, aquatic production has increased rapidly from 15.6 million

metric tons in 1992 to 56 million metric tons in 2011, more than tripling in 20 years. As a

matter of fact, the major driver behind the rapid increase in soybean meal usage in the

1990s was the aquatic industry rather than the livestock industry. Today, a significant

amount of imported distillers grains (DDGS) is applied to the aquatic feed industry

according to a CNGOIC survey.

China’s aquatic production increased from 38 million metric tons in 2001 to 56 million

metric tons in 2011, an increase of 47.6 percent in ten years or 4 percent annually. Over

the next ten years, China’s aquatic output is expected to grow to 71.8 million metric tons

by 2021, up 28.1 percent from 2011. Meanwhile, domestic demand for aquatic products

is projected to increase to 73.3 million metric tons over the same time period. China is

expected to become a net aquatic products importer over the forecast period.


50

Exhibit 33: Egg Supply and Demand (1,000 MT)

Date 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Beginning Stocks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Production 18,971 20,213 21,347 21,820 22,101 22,657 23,331 23,706 24,381 24,240 25,290 27,022 27,425 27,627 28,114

Imports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Supply 18,971 20,213 21,347 21,820 22,101 22,657 23,331 23,706 24,381 24,240 25,290 27,022 27,425 27,627 28,114

Exports 43 34 27 45 36 59 76 62 54 55 59 72 65 76 72


Total Use 18,971 20,213 21,347 21,820 22,101 22,657 23,331 23,706 24,381 24,240 25,290 27,022 27,425 27,627 28,114

Ending Stocks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


51

Exhibit 34: China’s Other Meats Supply and Demand Balance (1,000 MT)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


Production 40 69 71 80 98 109 115 117 121 135 134 131 139 147 155

Imports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 11

Total Supply 40 69 71 80 98 109 115 117 121 135 134 131 139 155 166

Exports 12 15 16 16 21 18 9 13 18 21 19 17 21 21 18

Domestic Consumption 28 54 55 64 77 91 106 104 103 114 116 114 118 135 148

Total Use 40 69 71 80 98 109 115 117 121 135 134 131 139 155 166



52

Exhibit 35: China’s Aquatic Product Supply and Demand (000 MT)

1.8 Backyard vs. Commercial Operations

China’s livestock and poultry production operations can be roughly divided into three

categories: traditional backyard production, specialized household operations and

commercial operations.

Traditional backyard production is the most primitive form of livestock and poultry

production, with farmers commonly raising only a few head of livestock and poultry per

household. Traditional backyard operations use whatever low-cost feedstuffs are

available on the farm or around the house, such as low quality grains not suitable for

human consumption, vegetables, rice and wheat brans, table scraps and leftovers. These

low-quality feeds may be supplemented with a small amount of feed grains, protein

meals, and additives during the early growing period of livestock and poultry when

nutrition is mostly needed for growth. However, traditional backyard feeding is often

deficient in protein and energy, resulting in low efficiency and low productivity.

Backyard operators typically are insensitive to commercial feed prices because they feed

livestock and poultry with products that come from their own fields and household

leftovers. Their production decisions also are not very sensitive to product prices as part

of their production is for their own consumption, with only a part for supplemental

income for the household. When market prices are high, they sell their livestock and

poultry to the market. When market prices are low, they hold onto their livestock and

poultry longer or keep them for their own consumption. This segment of producers can

usually sell their livestock and poultry at cheaper prices than commercial producers can

because the labor and production facility are considered practically free. Since the

livestock and poultry diet from backyard operations is deficient in protein and energy, the

production cycle is typically much longer than commercial production. Traditional

backyard operations receive very few preferential policy incentives or financial subsidies

from central or local governments. As the result of disease and environmental concerns,

many local governments have been discouraging farmers from traditional backyard

production.


53

Specialized household operations refer to the households that rely on livestock and

poultry as a major income source along with other agricultural income. A household’s

backyard remains the dominant operation site. A certain percentage of producers may

utilize deserted houses or buildings in the nearby area instead of their own backyards to

produce livestock and poultry. In recent years, some local governments have promoted

centralized sites for specialized household production in hopes of improving disease

control and environmental friendliness. The production is usually managed by family

members with no need to hire outside labor. Many specialized households buy young

livestock and poultry for fattening from commercial breeding farms. Unlike traditional

backyard operators, specialized household operations rely heavily on feed grain produced

on their own lands and/or purchased from local markets. Producers also purchase

commercial “concentrated feed” which contains protein meal, vitamins and other feed

additives for mixing with feed grain to produce a commercial feed equivalent. The

producers are more likely to use different blends of feed for different stages of growth.

With relatively better breeds and feed input, specialized household operations can

produce almost as efficiently as commercial production operators. The shift from

traditional backyard to specialized household and commercial operations has increased

the demand for feed grain, protein meal and commercial compound feed, fueling the

strong growth in the Chinese feed industry and crushing industry over the past ten years.

Due to the relatively low operating costs, specialized hog operations can easily enter/exit,

suspend/resume, cut back/increase production based on current and future market

conditions.

Commercialized production operations include the state-run operations, privately owned

operations in the form of a sole proprietorship or partnership, and joint ventures between

Chinese and foreign investors. These operations are characterized by large capital

investments, and their size and production capacity considerably surpass those of the

specialized household operations. The breeding technology, feeding methods, and disease

prevention practices are advanced and modern, similar to the ones present in the US.

Medium to large commercial livestock and poultry operations are mostly located near the

medium to large sized cities. The commercialization rate is usually higher in feed grain

deficient but economically well-developed regions, such as Guangdong, Shandong,

Liaoning, Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. Meanwhile, remote inland and economically

underdeveloped regions, such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Qinghai and Ningxia provinces,

typically have a lower commercialization rate.

1.8.1 Hog Backyard vs. Commercial Operations

Even though commercial production of hogs in China has been increasing, backyard

operations still account for a majority of all hog production in China. The percentage of

backyard and specialized household pork production relative to total pork production has

declined from 97.5 percent in 1985 to 70.3 percent in 2010, while commercial production

increased from 2.5 percent in 1985 to 29.7 percent in 2010. The most dramatic increases

in commercial production have occurred since 2000. And, clearly there is more room to

increase commercial hog production.


54

Exhibit 36: Share of Backyard and Commercial Hog Operations (Percent of Pork

Production)

As the hog diet from backyard operations is deficient in protein and energy, the

production cycle is much longer than commercial production. The average feeding time

could last as long as 6 to 11 months before hogs are marketed. The average cost of hog

production for a backyard operation in 2010 was about 817 yuan per hog, which was

about 29.6 percent below the cost for commercial producers. Feeder pigs accounted for

about 32 percent of the total cost, and the feed represented 64 percent of the total cost.

Together, these costs represent about 95 percent of the total production cost. The

backyard producers tend to buy cheaper feeder pigs that are slower in growth and

produce less lean meat. For example, it commonly takes about 167 days of feeding for

this type of hog breed to reach 70 kilograms of weight, with about 50 percent of the

carcass weight being lean meat. However, this type of feeder pig can adapt to a wide

range of feed ingredients well, such as vegetables, rice, wheat brans, table scraps, tubers,

and fodders. Backyard hog producers usually feed commercial or commercial equivalent

compound feeds in the early stage of pig growth, and switch to cheaper home-made feed

afterwards, which results in lower feed costs in backyard hog production. The major

disadvantage of backyard hog production is that it takes much longer to finish a

production cycle. On average, it took about 170 days for the backyard-produced hogs to

reach market weight in 2010, which was about 47.8 percent longer than the commercial

production cycle. For the lowest cost backyard producers in northwest and southwest

China, the production cycle was even longer, close to 200 days. The share of traditional

backyard production has been declining dramatically, from close to 95 percent of the total

production in 1985, to less than 20 percent in 2010. With rapid economic growth and

rising labor costs, traditional backyard production will largely disappear within the next 5

years in most parts of China, with the exception of some remote and underdeveloped

inland areas.

Specialized household operations raise anywhere from greater than 10 to less than 500

head of hogs annually in their backyards, with 50 to 200 head being the most


55

common scale of production. The share of specialized household operations rapidly

increased over the past 25 years, from below 3 percent of the total production in 1985, to

over 50 percent in 2010. However, the share of specialized household hog production

peaked in 2009. Many specialized hog operations are expected to gradually evolve into

large-scale commercial operations over the next ten years. Like traditional backyard

operations, specialized household operations do not factor in labor cost or fixed asset

investment costs. The purchasing and feeding costs for feeder pigs are major parts of hog

production costs for specialized household operations. The feed cost is the largest cost

component in a specialized household operation, accounting for about 66 percent of total

production costs in 2010. Specialized household operations rely largely on commercial

feed or commercial equivalent feeds for their hog production. With good quality pig

breeds and feed input, specialized household operations can produce hogs more

efficiently than the traditional backyard operations. On average, it took about 146 days

for the specialized household produced hogs to reach market weight in 2010, which was

about 14.4% shorter than the traditional backyard production cycle. Its production cycle

is still about 31 days longer than that of commercial operations. However, a cheaper

production cost helps to offset this disadvantage.

The commercial operations’ output ranges from 500 to 50,000 head of hogs per year. The

most common size of a commercial operation is from 2,000 to 5,000 head of hogs

annually. The development of commercial hog operations accelerated over the past few

years, rising from only 7.8 percent of total hog production in China in 2000, to 29.7

percent in 2010. Total production cost per head for commercial production was about

1,160 yuan in 2010, 42 percent higher than backyard producers and 20 percent higher

than the specialized household producers. The feeding cost was the major cost

component, comprising of 60 percent of the total cost in 2010. Feeder pig cost was the

second most costly item, representing 27 percent of the production cost in 2010. Labor

accounted for 6 percent of the total cost while land rent, interest payments, utilities,

insurance premiums, administration costs, and fixed asset depreciation and other

overhead-related costs represented about 5 percent of the total cost in 2010. Even though

commercial hog operations’ production costs are higher than those of the backyard and

specialized household operations, they take fewer days to produce finish hogs due to

better feeder pig breed, feeding efficiency, and better management. In 2010, it took

commercial producers only 115 days on average to finish a production cycle, which was

about 19.9 percent below the specialized household operations and 33.5 percent less than

traditional backyard producers.


56

Exhibit 37: Production Costs by Type of Hog Operation

Exhibit 38: Days to Market and Hog Live Weight by Type of Operation

1.8.2 Poultry Backyard vs. Commercial Operations

Almost all rural households in China raise broilers and egg layers in their backyards.

Those raising fewer than 500 birds are considered traditional backyard operations, with

the average size around 15 birds per household. A specialized household normally raises

anywhere between 500 and 2,000 birds a year. In contrast, a commercial poultry farm

typically produces between 20 and 50 thousand birds a year, with large-scale commercial

producers raising over 10 million birds a year.

Based on CNGOIC survey data, the share of production accounted for by traditional

backyard broiler operations declined from 34 percent in 2001 to 12 percent in

2008 2009 2010

Traditional Backyards:

Days to Market (Days): 179 186 180

Live Weight (Kgs): 119 125 122

Specialized Household:



Commercial:




57

2010, down 22 percent in ten years. Production share of specialized household broiler

operations increased from 10 percent in 2001 to 14 percent in 2005. However, it lost

market share after 2005, declining from 14 percent in 2005 to 10 percent in 2010, even

below the share of traditional backyard operations. Quite the opposite of the hog industry,

where backyard operations still dominate the industry, the broiler industry has a much

higher commercialization rate. The production share of the commercial broiler operations

increased from 56 percent in 2001 to 77 percent in 2010, gaining 21 percent over the ten-

year period at the expense of traditional backyard and specialized household operations.

Exhibit 39: Share of Broiler Backyard and Commercial Production

Commercialization of the egg-producing sector was below the broiler sector, about a 9

percent difference. The share accounted for by traditional backyard egg production

showed a decline similar to the broiler sector. Its share decreased from over half of total

egg production in 2001 to only 15 percent of the total in 2010. The share of specialized

household egg production increased from 24 percent in 2001 to 29 percent in 2005.

However its share started to decline after 2006 due to increasing competition from the

commercial operations. Its share of egg production dropped from 29 percent in 2006 to

17 percent in 2010. The production share of the commercial egg operations increased

over the past ten years, from only 23 percent in 2001 to 68 percent in 2010.


58

Exhibit 40: Share of Egg Layer Backyard and Commercial Production

Traditional backyard production became much less important in the poultry and egg

industry in China over the past ten years, dropping to about 15 percent of total

production. Labor and land are basically considered free in the traditional backyard

production. Feed costs also are very low as farmers normally do not use commercial feed.

They feed their poultry with scraps from the table or the field, including tubers and

vegetables not suitable for human consumption. Production is mainly for family

consumption with very little surplus sold in local markets. So, in terms of costs of poultry

and eggs sold in the market, the analysis will focus on specialized household and


Specialized household broiler operations normally buy baby chicks from breeders and

raise them for profit. The operations are mainly managed by family members with a few

helpers. The average cost of production for specialized household broiler producers in

2010 was about 2,236 yuan per hundred broiler birds, which was about 5.7 percent higher

than the cost of commercial producers. Feed costs accounted for about 72 percent of the

total cost. The major disadvantage of specialized household broiler production is that it

takes longer to finish a production cycle due to the quality of the feed and lack of

marketing channels. On average, it takes about 75 days for specialized household

produced broilers to be able to market broilers in 2010, which was about 8.5 percent

longer than the commercial production cycle. Also, large-scale buyers are not willing to

purchase broilers from the specialized household producers due to the small and unstable

supply volume. Specialized household producers rely on middlemen to market their

broilers, which extends the time to reach the market. As a result, the specialized

household broiler producers are at a comparative disadvantage to compete against

commercial producers.


59

Exhibit 41: Broiler and Egg Layer Production Costs

Commercial broiler operations enjoyed lower feed costs than the specialized household

production. Average feed cost in 2010 was 1,581 yuan per hundred birds, representing 75

percent of the total cost. Total production cost was 2,115 yuan per hundred birds, which

was about 5.4 percent lower than the specialized household producers. The reason for the

lower cost structure was mainly because commercial operations spend less money on

feed, marketing cost and labor. It took the commercial broiler operations 69 days to finish

a production cycle in 2010, which also made commercial operations more cost

competitive. All factors considered including supply volume and supply stability,

commercial broiler production is more competitive, which is why commercial broiler

operations have been rapidly gaining market share over the past ten years.

Costs for the egg layer and egg production segments are similar to the cost of broiler

production. Total cost in 2010 for commercial egg layer production was 11,049 yuan per

100 birds, which was about 1.6 percent lower than the specialized household production.

Feed was the major cost item, accounting for about 86 percent of the total egg layer and

egg production cost. Commercial egg layer operations typically spend more in the area of

vaccination, medical treatment and marketing.

1.8.3 Cattle and Dairy Cow Backyard vs. Commercial Operations

Backyard operations remains the dominant production mode for beef production in

China, accounting for about 58 percent of the beef production. However, its importance

has declined over the years, from 72 percent in 2003 to 58 percent in 2010. A majority of

the backyard producers raise 3 to 4 cows and calves in their backyard with a few rearing

up to 10 cattle. Revenue from raising cattle comprises a very small share of household

labor and income. The cattle are mainly fed a straw-based diet with a small amount of

grass and grain supplements. In rural areas, cattle are mostly grazed on grassland.

Backyard production of dairy cows is somewhat lower than for beef cattle, and its


60

importance also has declined over the years, from 60 percent in 2003 to 41 percent in

2010.

Exhibit 42: Share of Beef Cattle Backyard and Commercial Production

Exhibit 43: Share of Dairy Cow Backyard and Commercial Production

Specialized household operations normally raise between 20 and 25 cattle annually.

Many of them buy calves from the local market and concentrate on the fattening process.

Major feed inputs include straw, hay, corn and meals. In rural areas, cattle largely graze

on the grassland with some hay, straw, grain and meals fed especially during the winter

season. Once the cattle reach slaughter weight, they are sold at the local market.

Sometimes, they are sold to cattle dealers. The share of the specialized household

operations increased from 16 percent in 2003 to 20 percent in 2006. After 2006, it has

declined due to the competition from the commercial operations and poor margins.

Specialized household operations share of dairy cattle production also showed similar

pattern – increasing during the first half of 2000s but suffering a setback after the mid-

2000s. The use of melamine in dairy cow feed was exposed during the second half of


61

2000s, which had a negative impact on the specialized household operations because

usage of Melamine was widespread among this group.

The most common size of commercial cattle operations is 200 to 500 head annually.

Many of those operations are vertically integrated with meat packers. Commercial cattle

and dairy cow operations use substantially more feed grains and protein meal than

backyard and specialized household operations. Commercial operations have gained

market shares over the years. Beef cattle commercial operations increased from 12

percent of production in 2003 to 23 percent in 2010 while dairy cow commercial

operations rose from 12 percent in 2003 to 31 percent in 2010.

1.9 The Chinese Government’s Production Plan for the Next Five Years

China is the world largest meat and poultry egg producer in the world. The Chinese

government routinely sets target outputs for most of the agricultural commodity every

five years. The current five-year plan is between 2011 and 2015. Other than oilseeds, the

Chinese government still plans for China to be generally self-sufficient in major

food/feed grains and meats through improving yields and adopting new technology. Here

is a list of the government targets for 2015.

Exhibit 44: Government’s Five-Year Target (2011-2015)


62

II. Overview of China’s Meat Trade Situation and Policies

2.1 Overview of China’s Meat Trade Situation

2.1.1 Overview of China’s Pork Trade

China was largely a net pork exporter before 2008, with an annual export volume around

200 thousand metric tons on average. Chinese pork exports have dropped significantly

after 2007 because of a tightening domestic supply and demand balance. Most of China’s

pork exports went to neighboring countries and regions such as Hong Kong, Kyrgyzstan,

Macau and North Korea. Hong Kong was the largest recipient of Chinese pork,

accounting for 78 percent of total pork exports in 2011. Kyrgyzstan was the second

largest buyer of Chinese pork, followed by Macau and Albania. The East Asian countries,

Hong Kong and Macau together accounted for around 95 percent of the exported pork

products. Albania was the only European purchaser, with 3 percent. Very small quantities

went to the Middle East. The same trend of Hong Kong dominating purchases exists in

the prepared/preserved or salted/smoked types of pork products also.

The majority of the pork products exported is in the form of untreated and unpreserved

pork, comprising 98 percent of the total, and 2 percent for prepared/preserved or treated

cuts. Frozen cuts of pork that are not hams, shoulders, or carcasses, accounted for a

majority of the export volume; a minority consists of similar cuts in fresh/chilled form,

frozen carcasses/half carcasses and other types of cuts.

Exhibit 45: China’s Pork Trade (1,000 MT)


63

Exhibit 46: China’s Pork Exports by Countries

Exhibit 47: China’s Pork Exports by Type (1,000 MT)

China was a net importer of pork products in 2011, with an annual import volume around

468 thousand metric tons. The composition of imported pork products is as follows: 68

percent frozen cuts of pork, 32 percent of frozen bone-in cuts of ham and shoulders, and

minimal amounts of other cuts. Most pork imports came from Western countries such as

the US, Denmark, Canada, Spain, France and Germany. The US was the largest exporter

of pork to China, accounting for 54 percent of pork entering China. Canada exported 11

percent of pork entering China, Denmark exported 13 percent, Spain exported 10 percent,

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Export Volume (MT):

Hong Kong 75,325 85,657 84,999 100,381 76,425 62,823 70,148 83,072 63,137

Kyrgyzstan -- -- 1,023 15,522 10,172 8,437 8,734 12,421 6,616

Macao 3,283 3,502 4,475 5,161 3,981 3,530 3,832 4,548 3,825

Albania 2,266 3,571 6,174 6,783 5,158 519 1,671 2,642 2,757

Singapore 8,279 13,170 9,282 5,001 1,620 911 1,721 987 1,872

Malaysia 61 51 -- -- -- -- -- 1,836 1,695

Armenia 50 250 1,307 565 308 348 125 965 231

Georgia 251 403 1,448 2,175 78 969 101 101

Brunei 160 237 255 222 161 74 137 226 77

Lebanon 2 17 -- 8 69 11 -- 61 75

Others 123,790 184,442 141,550 133,065 35,593 4,583 1,025 3,268 306

Total 213,467 291,298 250,513 268,883 133,567 82,203 87,394 110,126 80,690

FOB Prices (US$/MT):

Hong Kong 1,313 1,653 1,716 1,576 2,259 3,394 3,004 3,020 4,059

Kyrgyzstan -- -- 1,151 1,523 2,200 3,178 3,139 3,020 3,579

Macao 1,340 1,700 1,644 1,659 2,208 3,305 2,933 2,934 3,945

Albania 1,277 1,629 1,583 1,345 1,509 1,652 1,755 1,928 3,332

Singapore 1,753 1,965 2,243 2,368 3,261 7,276 4,222 6,436 5,365

Malaysia 1,436 1,406 -- -- -- -- -- 4,411 5,467

Armenia 1,379 1,125 1,437 1,453 1,875 2,453 2,620 2,209 3,339

Georgia 1,384 1,268 1,520 1,332 1,525 1,874 -- 2,015 3,393

Brunei 1,398 1,806 2,083 1,455 1,998 3,099 2,491 2,833 3,755

Lebanon 1,583 1,727 -- 1,736 2,613 2,713 -- 2,656 3,067

Others 1,193 1,512 1,530 1,394 1,846 2,950 2,417 2,335 3,035

Total 1,261 1,578 1,621 1,491 2,125 3,353 3,006 3,015 4,041

HS Code: 020311, 020312, 020319, 020321, 020322, 020329


64

France exported 6 percent, Germany exported 5 percent, and Ireland exported 1 percent.

Based on export regions, North America exported 65 percent the pork entering China and

Europe exported 35 percent. Pork import volume has been increasing in recent years

after decreasing during the mid-2000s. The 2011 import volume is above the previous

years, and easily surpasses both the 10 year average of 168 thousand metric tons, and 5

year average of 253 thousand metric tons.

Exhibit 48: China’s Pork Imports by Country of Origin

Though Chinese consumers prefer fresh pork cuts instead of frozen pork, the vast

majority of imported pork products have been frozen pork. China exports higher value

pork cuts and imports low value pork cuts, and most of its pork imports still go to fulfill

processing needs. This has continued to be reflected in the large differences in pork

export and import prices. The average import price for pork products entering China was

$1,813 per metric ton, and the average price for pork exported by China is $4,041 per

metric ton. The price gap between imported and exported pork has increased in the past

5 years, with China selling much higher quality meat than it now imports.


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Exhibit 49: China’s Pork Imports by Types (1,000 MT)

2.1.2 Overview of China’s beef imports and exports

China was a net beef exporter as of 2011, with an annual export volume around 55

thousand metric tons for all beef and bovine meat products (carcass equivalent). Of those,

almost 22 thousand metric tons of beef exports (not converted to carcass equivalent) were

cuts. Most of its beef exports went to neighboring countries and regions such as Hong

Kong, Kyrgyzstan, and Malaysia, though considerable amounts when to countries in the

Middle East such as Kuwait, Jordan, and Israel. Hong Kong was the largest recipient of

Chinese beef, which accounted for 28 percent of the beef exports in 2011. Kyrgyzstan

was the second largest buyer of Chinese beef at 19 percent, followed by Kuwait at 15

percent, and Jordan at 11 percent. Chinese beef exports have decreased from their peak in

2006, bottoming in 2009 at around 38 thousand metric tons of beef, but recovered in

2010 and 2011 to above 50 thousand metric tons of beef. Current circumstances of high

input costs, longer maturity period, and rising demand within China are preventing a

rebound in export volumes like that of 2006, when exports were around 85 thousand

metric tons. In 2011 the majority of beef exports were frozen and boneless. There was a

negligible amount of beef/bovine meat exported that was frozen bone-in.


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Exhibit 50: China’s Beef Trade (1,000 MT)

Another type of beef that was historically exported is salted/brine treated meat, China

exported 5 metric tons of meat in 2010, and this is a large decrease from 124 metric tons

in 2008 and 11 metric tons in 2009. The 5 year average for the export of salted/brine

treated meat is 47 metric tons, and the 10 year average export is 98 metric tons. Exports

in 2010 were much lower than these averages signaling production issues and possible

reversal into a net importer of salt/brine treated meat in the future. The price per metric

ton for 2010 exports of salted/brine treated beef was $16,700 per metric ton, which is

lower than the price at which China imports salt/brine treated meat from the world. For

the past 10 years Hong Kong has been the largest purchaser, purchasing no less than 85

percent of the exports; in recent years the Hong Kong has been the destination for almost

all the exports of salt/brine treated beef.

China exported 17 thousand metric tons of prepared/preserved beef/bovine meat in 2011.

This lower than the all-time high exported in 2006 at 33 thousand metric tons, but is still

higher than 2009 and 2010 exported quantities for prepared/preserved beef/bovine meat.

Even though export volume rebounded, it is still lower than both the 10 year average of

22 thousand metric tons and the 5 year average of 19 thousand metric tons. China

exports at a lower value than it imports, because of increasing domestic demand for

higher quality meat. This type of meat is being sold to restaurants, hotels, and other high-

end dining services. The countries that purchase from China also have a strong dining

and entertaining service industry and high demand in general for pricier beef cuisine.

Japan is the largest purchaser, receiving 46 percent, and Hong Kong the second-largest

purchaser receiving 42 percent.


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Exhibit 51: China Beef Exports by Destination

Exhibit 52: China Beef Exports by Type (MT)

Imports entering China were estimated around 28 thousand metric tons of beef/bovine

meat products in 2011. This is a decrease from 2010, when 40 thousand metric tons of

beef were imported. China imported 20 thousand metric tons of fresh/frozen beef from

the world in 2011. Fresh/frozen beef imports were close to 4 thousand metric tons lower

than 2010 imports, but well above both the 10 year import average of 9 thousand metric

tons and the 5 year average of 13 thousand metric tons. Australia is the leading exporter

to China, with 39 percent share of the China’s imports. Uruguay is the second leading

exporter to China with 36 percent, followed by New Zealand with 14 percent,

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Export Volume (MT):

Hong Kong 6,848 10,044 9,861 10,529 10,294 7,826 4,678 6,411 6,082

Kyrgyzstan -- 40 20 237 1,875 2,143 2,038 4,308 4,087

Kuwait 363 1,678 2,606 3,590 3,790 3,171 3,198 3,562 3,301

Jordan -- 739 4,521 6,525 5,512 4,414 2,019 3,560 2,488

Israel -- -- -- -- -- 568 417 2,172 2,426

Malaysia -- -- 75 1,502 1,801 1,269 348 402 782

Others 1,659 3,094 2,022 5,065 5,065 3,338 698 1,731 2,813

Total 8,870 15,595 19,105 27,448 28,337 22,729 13,395 22,147 21,979

FOB Price (US$/MT):

Hong Kong 1,594 1,813 1,888 1,993 2,476 3,792 4,047 4,543 5,339

Kyrgyzstan -- 1,635 1,635 1,952 2,588 5,792 6,006 5,924 6,313

Kuwait 2,277 2,353 2,560 2,653 3,233 4,292 4,381 4,574 4,963

Jordan -- 2,594 2,569 2,686 3,132 4,278 4,695 4,889 5,263

Israel -- -- -- -- -- 4,676 4,621 4,715 5,357

Malaysia -- -- 1,989 2,587 2,908 3,651 4,274 4,376 5,477

Others 1,886 2,001 2,184 2,325 2,809 4,086 4,489 5,044 5,177

Total 1,677 1,945 2,172 2,337 2,799 4,202 4,569 4,925 5,441

HS Code: 020110, 020120, 020130, 020210, 020220, 020230


68

and Brazil exporting 10 percent. The majority of these imports are frozen, accounting for

98 percent of all imports, with the remaining 2 percent being fresh/chilled. Boneless,

meat accounts for 89 percent of imported beef/bovine meat, and the remaining 11 percent

is bone-in cuts of beef/bovine meat. Most of this imported frozen beef went to the meat

processors for meat grinding. Growth in imports is constrained by world market prices

and in recent years by Australia’s beef production shortages and high prices of beef in

other parts of the world. Despite high prices, China may still increase imports in the

future, due to a decrease in productivity of its beef/bovine sectors as a result of cost

constraints and lower profits from raising cattle.

Exhibit 53: China’s Fresh/Frozen Beef Imports by Country (MT)

Exhibit 54: China’s Beef Imports, Fresh/Chilled vs. Frozen (MT)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Imports:

Fresh/Chilled 103 203 244 260 414 535 559 380 434

Frozen 8,032 3,234 899 900 3,226 3,697 13,600 23,270 19,730

Share:

Fresh/Chilled 1% 6% 21% 22% 11% 13% 4% 2% 2%

Frozen 99% 94% 79% 78% 89% 87% 96% 98% 98%

HS Code: 020110,020120,020130,020210,020220,020230


69

Exhibit 55: China’s Fresh/Frozen Beef Imports by Type (MT)

Salted/brine-treated beef imports in 2011 were estimated to be only 0.2 metric tons.

There seems to be weak import demand for this type of meat in China, with a 10 year

average of 0.28 metric tons imported, and a 5 year average of 0.2 metric tons. There had

been very high demand for salted/brine treated meat in the early 1990’s, but now import

demand is anemic and not expected to increase much over the next few years. The

reason for the small quantity of imports is the high price in the world market. In 2011

imports were valued at $7,152 for 0.2 metric tons, or $35,670 per metric ton, 2 times

higher than China’s export price of the same type of meat. The high prices in the world

market coupled with China’s decreasing export volume of salted/brine treated meat could

signal that domestic stock of slated/brine treated meats will be used to satisfy domestic

demand instead of being used as exports.

Prepare/preserved meats are the most expensive type of meat being imported into China.

The imported amount in 2011 was estimated to be 9 metric tons, much lower than the

highest amount imported in a decade, 469 metric tons in 2002. The 2011 import volume

was also much lower than both the 10 year average volume of 173 metric tons, and the 5

year average of 130 metric tons. This shows that Chinese imports from abroad have

decreased in recent years, as a result of the high market price of prepared/preserved meat

cuts. The difference between the imported price and China’s export price of the same

category of meat is large; sometimes the import price is 3 or 4 times the exported price.

Service industries have been experiencing increasing demand for high quality meat with

the increase in average consumer disposable income in recent years, but the current prices

for high quality meat from abroad dampen domestic consumption.

2.1.3 Overview of China’s Poultry Meat Trade

For most years, China has been a net poultry meat importer. Total imports of poultry

meat products for 2011 were 421 thousand metric tons. This is a decrease over previous

years, with the peak in 2008 at 833 thousand metric tons of poultry meat products. The

import volume in 2011 was also under the 10 year average for imports of poultry meat

products at 573 thousand metric tons, and below the 5 year average of 670 thousand

metric tons. Imports were expected to decrease in recent years due to drops in domestic

pork meat product prices, reduction of US exports as a result of anti-dumping


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and countervailing duties, and stronger than expected domestic production. The

composition of poultry meat imports is as follows: 91 percent frozen broiler parts, 8

percent parts and edible offal of turkey, miniscule amounts of meat and edible from

geese, and other poultry meat products. The top countries exporting to China were

Brazil, the US, Argentina, Chile, and France. The top 3 exporters were Brazil,

accounting for 61 percent of all imported poultry meat products, the US, accounting for

20 percent of poultry meat products, and Argentina, accounting for 14 percent.

Exhibit 56: China Poultry Meat Trade (1,000 MT)

Prepared/preserved poultry meats made up less than 1 percent of imports in 2011. In

2011 China imported 186 metric tons of prepared/preserved poultry meat, down from a

decade high of 1000 metric tons of prepared/preserved poultry meat imported in 2006.

The 2011 import volume is also lower than both the 10 year average of 326 metric tons,

and the 5 year average of 195 metric tons. This signals a decreasing trend of importing

prepared/preserved poultry meats from the world market, which parallels current

domestic policies and attitudes towards imports. The top exporter for prepared/preserved

poultry meats is the US, accounting for 81 percent of prepared/preserved poultry import

volume. The US has consistently been the top exporter to China in the past decade for

this subcategory of poultry meat. The prepared/preserved poultry meat is composed of

58 percent broiler meat, 32 percent turkey meat, and 10 percent meat from other types of

fowl.


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Exhibit 57: China’s Poultry Meat Imports by Country

Total exports of all poultry meat products in 2011 were estimated to be 484 thousand

metric tons. This is an increase over previous years, just shy of the decade high export

volume of 488 thousand metric tons of poultry meat products in 2002. The 2011 volume

is also above both the 10-year average for exports of poultry meat products of 393

thousand metric tons, and the 5-year average of 400 thousand metric tons. Exports are

expected to increase in the near term due to strengthened domestic production; in 2011

China purchased 1.1 million sets (120 birds per set) of poultry for breeding purposes.

The Chinese government provides limited support to the poultry industry, but because of

the shorter time frame to maturity, poultry stocks and prices are more stable during

healthy years. The composition of exported poultry meat products are as follows: 28

percent fresh/chilled uncut broiler parts, 2 percent frozen uncut broiler parts, 50 percent

frozen cuts and edible offal of broiler, 17 percent fresh/chilled uncut meat of geese and

duck, and 2 percent frozen uncut meat of geese and duck, with 1 percent other poultry

meat products. The top destinations for Chinese exports were Hong Kong and Malaysia.

Hong Kong purchased 71 percent of poultry meat from China and Malaysia purchased 14

percent. Other countries purchasing from China were mostly Eastern Asian countries and

Middle Eastern countries, each country purchasing a small percentage portion of Chinese

poultry meat exports.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Import Volume (MT):

Brazil 8,397 61,948 143,501 142,812 163,482 131 27,793 285,688 258,628

USA 623,387 79,916 208,225 407,431 534,284 611,599 639,023 108,155 85,228

Argentina 4,236 42,586 24,188 27,702 102,090 192,254 68,440 129,927 57,165

Chile 48 -- 2,502 9,116 4,080 18,528 13,799 15,808 16,294

France 265 0 2,062 1,260 -- 10,443 608 2,307 3,052

Others 7,423 1,021 2,930 150 -- 0 -- 149 571

World 643,757 185,471 383,408 588,472 803,936 832,954 749,663 542,034 420,937

CIF Price (US$/MT):

Brazil 833 862 902 834 1,191 840 1,542 1,853 2,301

USA 716 783 856 759 1,147 1,326 1,295 1,557 1,432

Argentina 683 863 791 915 1,315 1,249 1,351 1,763 1,907

Chile 800 -- 788 792 853 1,251 1,496 1,958 2,387

France 961 5,583 1,292 1,062 -- 1,293 1,259 2,108 2,137

Others 732 932 986 807 -- 6,833 -- 1,536 1,140

World 717 829 872 786 1,176 1,306 1,313 1,776 2,072

HS Code: 020711, 020712, 020713, 020714, 020724, 020725, 020726, 020727, 020732, 020733,

020735, 020736


72

Exhibit 58: China’s Poultry Meat Exports by Country

The exported volume of prepared/preserved poultry meats for 2011 was 273 thousand

metric tons. Exports of prepared/preserved poultry meats were at an all time high,

beating both the 10 year average of 199 thousand metric tons, and the 5 year average of

215 thousand metric tons. This signals an increasing trend of exporting

prepared/preserved poultry meats to the world market, shows the strength of the domestic

industry currently. The top purchaser for prepared/preserved poultry meats is Japan,

accounting for 82 percent of prepared/preserved poultry import volume. Japan has been

the dominant purchaser of prepared/preserved for the past decade, consistently

purchasing more than all other purchasers combined. The next top purchaser was Hong

Kong, purchasing 8 percent of exports. European countries purchase collectively around

6 percent of exports. The exported prepared/preserved poultry meat is composed of 93

percent broiler meat and 7 percent meat from fowl other than turkey or broiler.

2.1.4 Grey Channel for Meat Imports

Every year a certain amount of meats find its way into China through “gray channels”

despite the Chinese government’s monitoring. Most of these meats went into China either

through Hong Kong or Vietnam. But, a majority of meats entering into China comes

through Hong Kong, which borders China’s Guangdong province. Dongguan, Panyu, and

Shenzhen cities in Guangdong province all have underground distribution


73

centers for meats moving into China through gray channels. Also, there are small amount

of meats smuggled from Vietnam into bordering Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Though

the Chinese government has specific policies to ban those business activities, it appears

that the local governments (where smuggled meats are distributed) are not eager to

enforce it as the business is benefiting the local economy. Since 2011, the Chinese

government increased border control and local market inspection in the hope of stopping

rampant smuggling from hurting business conducted through regular channels.

It is hard to quantify the actual volume of meats moving through the gray channel.

However, meats reported by Hong Kong re-exported into China provide a good

indication of how much meat is moved into China through gray channels, as a majority of

that meat volume is not registered in China’s customs data.

For pork products, 115 thousand metric tons were re-exported by Hong Kong to

Mainland China in 2011, which is lower than 2010’s 118 thousand metrics tons, and the

record high of 172 thousand metric tons in 2008. Since 2004, the volume of pork meat

products passing through Hong Kong has increased, the 7-year average is 87 thousand

metric tons and the 5-year average is 106 thousand metric tons. Poultry meat products

passing through Hong Kong amounted to 115 thousand metric tons in 2011. This volume

is less than both the 7-year average of 193 thousand metric tons, and the 5 year average

of 230 thousand metric tons. Poultry meat products passing through Hong Kong had

been increasing in recent years but decreased in 2011. Beef meat products passing

through Hong Kong in 2011 totaled 159 metric tons, a large drop from 4 thousand metric

tons in 2010. The 2011 volume of beef meat products was much lower than the 7-year

average of 1,500 metric tons, and the 5-year average of 1,800 metric tons. Hong Kong

had been used to increase the volume of beef entering China, but due to unexpected

supply shocks in the world beef markets and price rises, beef products moving into China

decreased in 2011.

Exhibit 59: Hong Kong Re-Exports to China (MT)


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2.2 China’s Meat Trade Policy and Future Trends

Since China was a net pork exporter in the past, early meat trading policies were mainly

focused on promoting meat exports. One policy tool commonly used to encourage

exportation is the export value-added tax rebate. Meat exports were not an exception. The

value-added tax rebate policy was introduced in 1994, and initially the central

government rebated the full amount. In 2004, the central government decided to share the

financial burden of the value-added tax rebate with local governments, with the central

government paying 75 percent of the rebated amount, and local governments paying the

remaining 25 percent. After the local governments’ complaints about the financial burden

imposed on them, the central government changed the sharing percentage between the

central government and local government in 2005, with the central government paying

92.5 percent of the rebated amount, and local governments paying the remaining 7.5

percent. That financial burden sharing remains in effect today. The current value-added

rebate rate for pork exports is 13 percent.

In the early 2000s, frequent incidents of food poisoning resulting from consuming hog

organs, especially hog livers, from hogs fed with clenbuterol had prompted the Chinese

government to introduce a policy banning chemical compounds used to make hogs

leaner, such as clenbuterol and ractopamine. Clenbuterol can prevent pigs from

accumulating fat but is harmful to humans, sometimes fatal. One of the largest food

poisoning cases involving clenbuterol happened in Shanghai in September 2006, when

336 people were hospitalized after eating pork or organs contaminated with the additive.

More recently, in February 2009, at least 70 people were reported to have suffered from

clenbuterol poisoning in Guangdong Province after eating contaminated pig livers.

Ractopamine (Paylean) is approved for use in North America and elsewhere and shows

no toxicity to humans, but its approval as a feed additive in China has no doubt been

complicated by the ongoing problems with clenbuterol. In pork trading, the Chinese

government also adopted a zero tolerance policy for residue of ractopamine as well as

some other chemical compounds, which had an impact on US pork exports to China. It is

expected that the Chinese government will maintain this policy for the foreseeable future.

To fight the runaway inflation of food prices in 2008, the Chinese government

temporarily lowered its pork import tariff from 12 percent to 6 percent between June 1,

2008, and December 31, 2008, to encourage pork imports. As a result, the pork imported

surged in 2008, up 290 percent from the previous year. With domestic pork prices

stabilized at the end of 2008 and even trending downwards in early 2009, the Chinese

government restored the pork import tariff back to 12 percent. It is expected that Chinese

government will continue to use the policy of adjusting the tariff rate as an effective tool

for regulating pork imports in the future.

In June 2011, Chinese government introduced a new labeling requirement for meat

imports. The new labeling policy requires meat products exported from Hong Kong to

retain an origin form that signifies the country of origin and the meat plants that the

products originate from. This particular method seems to be targeting the gray channel,


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since all meat products exported by Hong Kong now will require more documentation.

China also has also begun refusing to allow banned materials to pass through the

mainland to reach other countries. Countries wishing to transport materials through

China to other countries must prove documentation of agreement between exporter and

importer, permission to enter the import country, the exporting country’s health

certification, and must declare a specific transport route in China. This is all to prevent

banned products from disappearing in China en route to other countries, or disappearing

after the cargo is refused entry by importing countries.

2.3 Meat Labeling, Transshipment, and Packing Requirements

Meats imported into China are subject to specific labeling requirements. There are no

restrictions on the label size, color, size of the wording, or any other format

characteristics as long as the label is legible and easy to read. Below is the list for

labeling requirements.

A. Exterior Label (information may appear on an independent label or be present

somewhere on the primary display panel): (Chinese and English).

1. Product name

2. Country of origin

3. Establishment number

4. Production date

5. Expiration date or storage period

6. Storage temperature

7. Country of destination

8. Net weight (English)

9. Inspection legend (English)

10. Name and address of company (English)

11. Production lot number (as defined by the exporter)

12. Specification (refers to packaging type)

B. Inner Label: English and/or Chinese

1. Product name

2. Country of origin

3. Establishment number

4. Production lot number (as defined by the exporter)

Meat transshipments through China require permits with the following information:

1. Entry permit from the importing country;

2. Copy of contract between the importer and exporter;

3. Copy of the exporting country’s health certificate; and

4. Declaration of transportation route in China.

Upon arrival, the government will check whether the information on the exporting

country’s health certificate, shipping documents, and container information


76

are in compliance. Officials will also check whether container seals are broken. If

necessary, officials may escort the transshipments. China does not allow transshipment

of import banned meats from entering China en route to third-party countries.

China requires heat treatment of all packing material made of conifer materials as a

preventive measure against pinewood parasites. This includes wood pallets. Packing

specifications include:

Provide the complete name and mailing address of the exporter of record.

Provide the complete name and physical address of the ultimate consignee of

record. Only Chinese or Hong Kong addresses will be accepted. Hong Kong

addresses are acceptable if the exporter indicates that the materials exported to

Hong Kong will be reshipped to other regions of China by the Hong Kong

consignee.

Sign the document attesting to the accuracy of the heat treatment, certifying that

the treatment was performed and documented. Documentation of heat treatment

must be retained by the exporter and made available for official review (if

required) for one year after date of issuance.

Provide a complete description of the shipment including quantity, weight, and

description of goods. The description should also include the number of conifer

solid wood packing materials included in the shipment, e.g., 52 conifer pallets

with 240 cardboard cartons.

2.4 Designated Meat Import Ports

Currently, there are 47 ports designated by the Chinese government for the meat imports

with Guangdong province in southern China having the most ports designated for meat

imports: 20 ports. Total refrigerated warehouse capacities at those ports are about 1.1

million metric tons. However, only about one third of the refrigerated warehouses are

designated to store meat imports. Of course, when more meat needs to be stored, the

other parts of the warehouse can be used. The government’s inspection capability for

those ports is around 5.6 million metric tons annually.

Also, only designated cold storage companies are allowed to store imported meat once

they are cleared from the customs. Total cold storage of those companies are estimated at

1.8 million metric tons. Out of those 1.8 million storage capacity, about 537 thousand

metric tons of storage capacity are certified for imported meat storage.


77

Exhibit 60: Designated Meat Import Ports


78

Exhibit 61: CIQ Designated Cold Storage Companies Outside Port Area (MT)


79

CIQ Designated Cold Storage Companies Outside Port Area (MT) continued


80

CIQ Designated Cold Storage Companies Outside Port Area (MT) continued


81

2.5 China’s Free Trade Agreements

After it joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), China reached free trade

agreements with several countries to promote trade. Currently, there are four free trade

agreements in place. They are China-Asian Pacific Free Trade agreement, China-

Pakistan Free Trade Agreement, China-Chile Free Trade Agreement and China-New

Zealand Free Trade Agreement.

2.5.1 China-Asian Pacific Free Trade Agreement

This trade agreement had very few tariff concessions related to meat. Concessions are

mainly made on casings, gizzards, stomachs, guts, feathers and animal fats.

Exhibit 62: China-Asian Pacific FTA Tariff Schedule

2.5.2 China-Chile Free Trade Agreement

China signed a trade agreement with Chile in November 2005. Based on the agreement,

many import tariffs were scheduled to be cut to zero in 2 to 10 years. As for meat

products, pork, beef, mutton poultry meat and related product tariffs will go to zero by

2016.

HS Code Name MFN Tariff (%) FTA Tariff (%)

01069020 Live animals, n.e.s. 10 9

01069090 Live animals, n.e.s. 10 9

05040011 Hog casings, salted 20 10

05040012 Sheep casings, salted 18 9

05040013 Goat casings, salted 18 9

05040014 Hog fatends, salted 20 10

05040019 Casings of animals 18 9

05040021 Cold, frozen gizzard 1.3 yuan/kg 0.65 yuan/kg

05040029 Stomachs of animals 20 10

05040090 Guts, bladders of animals 20 10

05051000 Feathers used for stuffing; down 10 7.5

15020010 Unrefined fats of bovine/sheep 8 0

15020090 Refined fats of bovine/sheep 8 0


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Exhibit 63: China-Chile FTA Tariff Schedule


83

Exhibit 64: China-Chile FTA Tariff Schedule

Code Description Base Rate 2006 2007 2011 2016

01059991 Live ducks >185g, o/t for pure-bred breeding 10 10 0 0 0

01059992 Live geese >185g, o/t for pure-bred breeding 10 10 0 0 0

01059993 Live guinea fowls >185g, o/t for pure-bred breeding 10 10 0 0 0

01059994 Live turkeys >185g, o/t for pure-bred breeding 10 10 0 0 0

02031900 Fresh or chilled swine meat, nes (unboned) 20 20 0 0 0

02042300 Fresh or chilled boneless meat of sheep 15 15 0 0 0

02064100 Frozen swine livers 20 20 0 0 0

02102000 Meat of bovine animals, salted,in brine,dried or smoked 25 25 0 0 0

02021000 Frozen bovine carcasses & half carcasses 25 25 25 0 0

02031110 Fresh or chilled carcasses & half carcasses of sucking pig 20 20 20 0 0

02031190 Fresh or chilled swine carcasses & half carcasses, nes 20 20 20 0 0

02032200 Frozen unboned hams, shoulders & cuts thereof of swine 12 12 12 0 0

02032900 Frozen swine meat, nes 12 12 12 0 0

02041000 Fresh or chilled lamb carcasses & half carcasses 15 15 15 0 0

02042100 Fresh or chilled sheep carcasses & half carcasses (excl. lamb) 23 23 23 0 0

02042200 Fresh or chilled unboned meat of sheep 15 15 15 0 0

02045000 Fresh, chilled or frozen goat meat 20 20 20 0 0

02050000 Meat of horses, asses, mules or hinnies, fresh, chilled or frozen 20 20 20 0 0

02061000 Fresh or chilled edible bovine offal 12 12 12 0 0

02062200 Frozen bovine livers 12 12 12 0 0

02063000 Fresh or chilled edible swine offal 20 20 20 0 0

02068000 Fresh or chilled edible offal of sheep, goats, horses... 20 20 20 0 0

02071100 Fresh or chilled whole chickens, not cut in pieces 20 20 20 0 0

02071311 Fresh or chilled cuts & offal of chicken, with bone in 20 20 20 0 0

02071319 Fresh or chilled cuts of chicken, nes 20 20 20 0 0

02071321 Fresh or chilled wing of chicken(other than wingtips) 20 20 20 0 0

02071329 Fresh or chilled offal of chicken, nes 20 20 20 0 0

02071411 Frozen cuts chicken, with bone in 10 10 10 0 0

02071421 Frozen wing of chicken(other than wingtips) 10 10 10 0 0

02072400 Fresh or chilled whole turkeys 20 20 20 0 0

02072600 Fresh or chilled cuts & offal of turkey 20 20 20 0 0

02073210 Fresh or chilled whole ducks 20 20 20 0 0

02073220 Fresh or chilled whole geese 20 20 20 0 0

02073230 Fresh or chilled whole guinea fowls 20 20 20 0 0

02073310 Frozen whole ducks 20 20 20 0 0

02073320 Frozen whole geese 20 20 20 0 0

02073330 Frozen whole guinea fowls 20 20 20 0 0

02073400 Fresh or chilled fatty livers of poultry 20 20 20 0 0

02073510 Fresh or chilled cuts/offal of duck 20 20 20 0 0

02073520 Fresh or chilled cuts/offal of geese 20 20 20 0 0

02073530 Fresh or chilled cuts/offal of guinea fowl 20 20 20 0 0

02073610 Frozen cuts/offal of duck 20 20 20 0 0

02073620 Frozen cuts/offal of geese 20 20 20 0 0

02073630 Frozen cuts/offal of guinea fowl 20 20 20 0 0

02101110 Unboned swine hams&shoulders, salted, in brine,dried or smoked 25 25 25 0 0

02101190 Cuts of unboned swine hams&shoulders, salted, in brine drd or smoked 25 25 25 0 0

02101200 Bellies & cuts thereof of swine, salted, in brine, dried or smoked 25 25 25 0 0


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2.5.3 China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement

China signed a free trade agreement with New Zealand on April 7, 2008. As per the

agreement, China is committed to cut 97.2 percent of the import tariffs to zero by January

2019. Based on the agreement, meat import tariffs will be reduced to zero in 9 years.

Commodities with HS code 01 were lowered to zero in 2012. HS code 02 import tariff

products will go to zero starting on 2016, which means that the tariffs on pork, beef, and

mutton imports will be zero by then. The poultry meat and related product import tariff

was lowered to zero in 2012.

2.5.4 China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement

China and Pakistan’s Free Trade Agreement went into effect on July 1, 2007. Based on

the agreement, the tariffs are separated into 5 groups. Each group has a different

schedule for tariff reduction. Most of the live animals fall into category, and their tariffs

went to zero in 2010. Poultry meat (HS Code 0207) falls under category two. Beef, pork,

mutton falls into category 3 and 5 depending on the products. Category 5 is the exception

with no tariff reductions.

Exhibit 65: China-Pakistan FTA Tariff Schedule

Category Start 01/01/08 01/01/09 01/01/10 01/01/11 01/01/12

1 25% 50% 75% 100% 100% 100%

2 (X-5)/6X 2*(X-5)/6X 3*(X-5)/6X 4*(X-5)/6X 5*(X-5)/6X 6*(X-5)/6X

3 8% 16% 25% 33% 41% 50%

4 3% 6% 10% 13% 16% 20%

X - MFN Tariff Rate

Numbers are percentage reduction of MFN rate.


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Exhibit 66: China-Pakistan FTA Category


86

Exhibit 67: China-Pakistan FTA Category

2.5.5 New Free Trade Agreements under Negotiation or Study

China is currently negotiating with 5 countries and regions on free trade agreements.

They are Australia, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and the Gulf Cooperation


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Council. It is understood that agricultural products are part of the negotiation package.

China also is jointly researching with India and South Korea the prospect of developing a

free trade zone among them, and agricultural products are being studied. So far, there is

little progress on starting negotiations.

2.6 Major Factors Affecting China’s Meat Trade

Though there are some minor attitude changes, Chinese government’s general policy

remains to discourage large volume meat imports. As a result, meat imports into China

today are somewhat constrained. However, the tightness in feed grain and protein meal

supplies could force the Chinese government to rethink its policy and open the country to

more meat imports.

The Chinese government’s zero tolerance toward clenbuterol and ractopamine usage in

hog production is a major factor affecting US pork exports to China. People who were

interviewed indicated that pork imports could easily double or triple if the Chinese

government relaxed this policy.

Traditional Chinese meat cooking methods also had an impact on China’s meat trade.

Frozen meats in China are considered as inferior meats to fresh in most Chinese

consumers’ minds. It is understood that a significant percentage of meat imports have

gone to the meat processors for processing rather than entering the marketing channel

directly. Unless the Chinese gradually adopt a Westernized meat diet, this could be a

restricting factor for Chinese meat imports. Current Chinese consumption of Western

prepared meat is more or less a novelty or to show off one’s affluence.

2.7 Approved Countries and Companies to Export Meats to China

Countries and companies that want to export meat to China are subjected to the

government’s approval process. Only when a country is allowed to export certain type of

meat to China, can a meat exporter then apply for approval of a specific meat packer’s

products. Currently, there are 167 companies (not including the US) approved to export

pork and related products to China. For the US meat exporters, as long as they are

approved by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) and are not on

China’s ban list, they are eligible for the meats that US is allowed to export to China.

Among those companies, some are only allow to export boneless or heat-treated pork to

China, while others have a wider range of approved pork products. For beef exports to

China, there are 157 companies approved. The US has been banned from exporting beef

to China since the outbreak of BSE (i.e. “mad cow” disease) in 2003. Even though there

have been some negotiations between the US and Chinese government, it made little

progress so far.


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Exhibit 68: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Pork to China Country Company Name Product ApprovedBelgium WESTVLEES N.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBelgium LOVENFOSSE Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBelgium D’Hulster Benedikt Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBrazil BRF-Brazil Foods S.A. Pork BonelessBrazil SEAEA ALIMENTOS S/A. PorkBrazil Cooperativa Central Oeste Catarinense PorkBrazil Sadia S.A. Pork BonelessBritain Norish Ltd Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain ABP Hull Cold Store Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain VION (UK) Malton Site Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Tulip Fresh Meats Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Tulip Fresh Meats Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Cranswick Country Foods, Norfolk Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Dalehead Foods Ltd. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Norish Ltd Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain ABP Hull Cold Store Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain VION (UK) Malton Site Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Tulip Fresh Meats Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Tulip Fresh Meats Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Cranswick Country Foods, Norfolk Frozen Pork/Edible PartsBritain Dalehead Foods Ltd. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsCanada Maple Leaf Pork PorkCanada FEARMANS PORK,INC PorkCanada Maples Leaf Pork Brandon PorkCanada L.G.Hebert&Fils Ltd. PorkCanada Establishment 12 Les Viandes du Breton Inc. PorkCanada Toronto Abattoirs Limited PorkCanada Les Entrepots S.A.C (2000) INC./S.A.C. (2000) Storage INC. PorkCanada A. Trahan Transformation Inc. PorkCanada Coolbridge Cold Storage PorkCanada Frigo Royal(1998) Inc. PorkCanada HYLIFE FOODS LP PorkCanada Supraliment Inc. PorkCanada Olymel E.C./L.P. PorkCanada Olymel S.E.C./L.P. PorkCanada Wing Wing Company Limited PorkCanada Les Viandes Orfil International INC. PorkCanada Olymel S.E.C/L.P. PorkCanada Sturgeon Valley Pork PorkCanada Multi-Portions Inc. PorkCanada Drummond Export PorkCanada Groupe C.N.P. INC. PorkCanada Olymel S.E.C/L.P. PorkCanada Continental Casings Inc. PorkCanada Les Salaisons Brochu Inc. PorkCanada Alpina Salami INC. PorkCanada Country Prime Meats Pork SausageCanada 3739511 Canada Inc. ( Les Viandes Pasco 2000 ) PorkCanada Conestoga Meat Packers Ltd. PorkCanada Les Viandes Canbec Plus Inc. PorkCanada Great Lakes Specialty Meats Ltd. PorkCanada Donald’s Fine Foods PorkCanada Orvianda Inc. PorkCanada 3646319 Canada Inc.(Lucy Porc) PorkCanada Santa Maria Foods ULC PorkCanada Aliments ASTA Inc. PorkCanada Viandes Seficlo Inc. PorkCanada Britco Pork Inc. PorkCanada Canadian Blast Freezers Ltd. PorkCanada Trochu Meat Processors PorkCanada 9164-5689 Quebec INC. Pork


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Exhibit 69: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Pork to China


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Exhibit 70: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Pork to China

Country Company Name Product ApprovedNetherlands Van Rooi Meat B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands VION Boxtel B.V Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Gebr. van der Mey Vers Vlees B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Van Rooi Meat B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands VION Groenlo B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Vriescentrale Asten B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Blokland Cold Stores Cuijk B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Lau van Haren Coldstores B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Egbert Kruiswijk Vleesproducten B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Grolleman Coldstore B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Van Rooi Meat B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands VION Boxtel B.V Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Gebr. van der Mey Vers Vlees B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Van Rooi Meat B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands VION Groenlo B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Vriescentrale Asten B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Blokland Cold Stores Cuijk B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Lau van Haren Coldstores B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Egbert Kruiswijk Vleesproducten B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsNetherlands Grolleman Coldstore B.V. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsPoland PINI POLONIA Sp. z o.o. Frozen PorkPoland SOKOLOW OddziaL w JarosLawiu Frozen PorkPoland Z.M.SKIBA Andrzej Skiba Ubojnia Frozen PorkPoland PAGO SP.Z O.O. Frozen PorkPoland ANIMEX FOODS Frozen PorkPoland PAGO SP.Z O.O. Frozen PorkSpain Campofrio Food Group S.A. Preserved PorkSpain Sanchez Romero Carvajal Jabugo S.A. Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Frigorificos Andaluces Y Conservas De Carne, S.A. Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Frigorificos Andaluces Y Conservas De Carne, S.A. Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Matadero Frigorifico Del Ges S.A. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsSpain PATEL S.A. Pork/Edible PartsSpain EL POZO ALIMENTACION S.A. Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain IBERICOS TORREON SALAMANCA S.L. Preserved PorkSpain FRIGORIFICOS COSTA BRAVA S.A Pork/Edible PartsSpain Friselva Frozen Pork/Edible PartsSpain Embutidos Fermin S.R.L Pork/Preserved PorkSpain MONTESANO EXTREMADURA S.A. Preserved PorkSpain The Pink Pig S.A Frozen Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Fabrica Matadero Y Despiece S.A. Frozen Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Carnicas Frivall S.L. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsSpain CARNES SELECTAS 2000 S.A Pork/Edible PartsSpain JAMON SALAMANCA S.A. Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Carnicas Joselito S.A. Preserved PorkSpain Matadero Frigorifico De Fuentes El Navazo S.L. Frozen Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Embutidos Fermin S.R.L Pork/Preserved PorkSpain MONTESANO EXTREMADURA S.A. Preserved PorkSpain The Pink Pig S.A Frozen Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Fabrica Matadero Y Despiece S.A. Frozen Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Carnicas Frivall S.L. Frozen Pork/Edible PartsSpain CARNES SELECTAS 2000 S.A Pork/Edible PartsSpain JAMON SALAMANCA S.A. Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved PorkSpain Carnicas Joselito S.A. Preserved PorkSpain Matadero Frigorifico De Fuentes El Navazo S.L. Frozen Pork/Edible Parts/Preserved Pork


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Exhibit 71: Countries and Companies Approved for Exporting Beef to China

Country Company Name Product ApprovedAustralia Australia Meat Holdings Pty Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Teys Bros. (Lakes Creek) - formerly Consolidated Meat Group Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Thomas Borthwick & Sons (Australia) Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Wingham Abattoirs Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Ramsey Food Processing Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Australia Meat Holdings Pty Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Queensland Beef Processing Co Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Tasman Group Services Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Valley Beef Company Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Yolarno Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia South Burnett Beef Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Australia Meat Holdings Pty Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Northern Co-Operative Meat Co Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia John Dee Warwick Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Cargill Meat Processors Pty. Ltd. Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Ralphs Meat Company Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Primo Australia Scone Abattoir Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Cargill Beef Australia Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Teys Bros. (Holdings) Pty. Ltd. Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Tasman Group Services Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Teys Bros (Biloela) Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Teys Bros (Naracoorte) Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia E C Throsby Pty Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Rockdale Beef Pty. Ltd. Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia T & R Murray Bridge Pty. Ltd. Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Nebru Exports Pty Ltd. Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Oakey Abattoirs Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Norvic Food Processing Pty. Ltd. Wodonga Abattoir Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Kilcoy PastoralCompany Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia E.G. Green Sons Pty. Ltd. Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Tasman Group Services Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Greenham Tasmania Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Tasman Group Services Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Monbeef Pty Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia G&K O'Connor Pty Ltd. Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Tabro Meat Pty. Ltd. Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia International Meat processors Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Teys Bros (Innisfail) Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Australia Meat Holdings Pty Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Teys Bros. (Lakes Creek) - formerly Consolidated Meat Group Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Thomas Borthwick & Sons (Australia) Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Wingham Abattoirs Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Ramsey Food Processing Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Australia Meat Holdings Pty Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Queensland Beef Processing Co Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Tasman Group Services Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Valley Beef Company Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Yolarno Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia South Burnett Beef Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Australia Meat Holdings Pty Limited Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Northern Co-Operative Meat Co Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia John Dee Warwick Pty Ltd Beef/Edible MeatsAustralia Cargill Meat Processors Pty. Ltd. Beef/Edible Meats


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III. Feed Ingredient Supplies and Feed Industry Development

3.1 Arable Land and Water Resources in China

China’s arable land has been declining over the long term and notably the last 15 years -

due to rapid economic growth and urbanization. Based on China’s National Bureau of

Statistics (NBS), China’s arable land declined from 130 million hectares in 1997 to 121.5

million hectares in 2009, down 6.5 percent in total or 0.6 percent annually. The rate of

decline slowed after 2004 as the Chinese government implemented a strict policy to

prevent arable land from falling below 120 million hectares

Exhibit 74: China’s Arable Land 1997 - 2010

In addition, the quality of the arable land also has an important impact on China’s

agriculture productivity. The decline in arable land mainly occurred in central and east

China, where the land quality is better than average. While there was more arable land

added into cultivation in certain regions, mainly from the northeast, northwest and

southwest of China, the land quality is poorer and a scarcity of water resources is very

severe. As a result, China’s crop productivity over the next decade will be affected not

only by the decline in area, but also by the poorer land quality.

Based on World Bank research, China’s water resources are scarce and unevenly

distributed. China’s renewable water resources amount to about 2,841 km3/year, the sixth

largest in the world. Per capita availability, however – estimated at 2,156 m3/year – is

only one-fourth of the world average of 8,549 m3/year and among the lowest for a major

country. While China as a whole is facing serious water stress, its problems


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are made more severe by the fact that its water resources are unevenly distributed, both

spatially and temporally.

China’s water resources availability varies greatly geographically. The South, with

average rainfall of over 2,000 mm/year, is more water abundant than the North, where

rainfall only averages about 200–400 mm/year. Per capita water availability in northern

China (a dominant grain producing region) is only 757 m3/year, less than one-fourth that

in southern China, one-eleventh of the world average, and less than the threshold level of

1,000 m3/year commonly defined as “water scarcity.”

The temporal pattern of precipitation further intensifies the uneven spatial distribution of

water resources. With a strong monsoonal climate, China is subject to highly variable

rainfall that contributes to frequent droughts and floods, often simultaneously in different

regions. While precipitation generally declines from the southeastern coast to the

northwestern highlands, it varies greatly from year to year and from season to season. In

the Hai and Huai basins, for example, river flows fall to 70 percent of their averages one

year in four and to 50 percent one year in twenty. Dry years tend to come in succession,

accentuating the water problem.

3.2 Future Trends in Arable Land and Crop Area

Based on CNGOIC’s estimation, China’s arable land will decline moderately over the

next ten years, exhibiting a drop of 1.4 million hectares between 2011 and 2021.

However, China’s crop area is expected to decline less than arable land over the projected

period. Increasing multiple cropping will help to lessen the decline in the crop area.

China’s grain area will decline marginally over the next decade, as more of the cropland

will be diverted to produce vegetables and fruits. Among the major grain crops, corn area

is expected to increase to 34.4 million hectares at the expense of other coarse grains and

oilseed crops, up 2.6 percent from the 2011’s level. Strong livestock feeding and

industrial processing demand is expected to prevent corn area from slipping over the next

ten years. With corn supplies getting tighter in the foreseeable future, CNGOIC expects

the Chinese government will adopt new policies to encourage enhanced corn production.

Wheat area is expected to decline due to competition from corn. The soybean area also is

projected to decline over the next ten years, losing area to corn due to corn enjoying a

higher priority in the government’s planning.

3.3 Review of China’s Corn Supply and Demand

China had been self-sufficient in corn, historically importing very little corn from the

world market. Between 2000 and 2009, China’s corn supply and demand went from a

situation where supply was greater than demand to a tighter supply and demand situation.

From 1993 to 1999, the Chinese corn supply increased rapidly due to the government’s

policy to support grain production. As a result, corn stocks built-up quickly


96

and warehouses filled with grain. With burdensome corn and other grain stocks, the

government introduced policies to cut back corn production as well as other grain

production. Corn production declined significantly in 2000 and 2001. Even though corn

output improved moderately in 2002 and 2003, it was still well below 1998 and 1999

levels. With increasing demand from feed and industrial uses, China’s corn supply

became tight in 2003 and corn prices, along with wheat and rice prices, jumped at the end

of 2003. Concerned about grain self-sufficiency, the Chinese government introduced a

series of policies to encourage corn as well as other grain production, including direct

farm subsidies for grain production while also waiving agricultural taxes. As a result,

corn and other grain production resumed an upward trend after 2003.

By 2009, rapid growth in feed and industrial use of corn coupled with declining output

had significantly tightened China’s corn supply and demand balance and turned China

into a net corn importer. Entering into 2011, the tightness of corn supply and demand got

worse and China became a major corn importer in the world market, taking in around 5

million metric tons of corn.

Exhibit 75: China Corn Area and Production, 1991-2011

China’s total corn area has been growing over the last ten years from 24.2 million

hectares in 2001 to 33.5 million in 2011, up 38.1 percent in ten years or 3.3 percent

annually. From a regional view, the share of corn area in the Northeast region has been

increasing while the share of corn area in the Northern Plains has been declining

moderately over the past decade. Rapid urbanization and competition from other crops


97

contributed to the corn area decline in Northern Plains. This trend in the Northern Plains

is expected to continue over the foreseeable future.

China’s corn yield increased significantly over the past ten years from 4.70 metric tons

per hectare in 2001 to 5.75 metric tons per hectare in 2011, although yields in 2001 were

below those experienced during much of the previous decade. China’s corn yield is

above the world average corn yield of 5.2 metric tons per hectare, but is significantly

below the yields of the major corn producing countries such as the US (9.24 metric tons

per hectare) and Argentina (7.37 metric tons per hectare). Lack of improvements in seed

varieties and water resources have contributed to the relatively low yield. However, the

Chinese government was of the opinion that the relatively low yield was mainly caused

by the limited application of fertilizer for corn production. As a result, the Ministry of

Agriculture (MOA) initiated a national soil-testing program for formulated fertilization.

The MOA believes that improvements in soil fertility will significantly increase grain

crop yields, including corn, in the future.

Exhibit 76: China Corn Yields, 2000 - 2011

Consumption of corn for human food has been largely stable in China over the last ten

years at around 14 to 15 million metric tons. However, its share of domestic corn use has

been falling from 12.2 percent in 2001 to 8.8 percent in 2011. As the living standard

improves in China due to rising incomes, Chinese consumers consume more food grains

(rice and wheat) and meats instead of corn and other grains. Food corn consumption is

expected to increase moderately in the foreseeable future as a rising population offsets

the decline in per capita consumption.


98

Meanwhile, China’s consumption of corn for animal feed experienced healthy growth

over the past ten years, rising from 79.8 million metric tons in 2001 to 116 million metric

tons in 2011, up 45.4 percent in ten years or a 3.8 percent annual increase. However, even

though feed corn consumption in China has been increasing in absolute volume, its share

of domestic corn use has been declining from 72.7 percent in 2001 to 61 percent in 2011.

Over the next ten years, China’s feed corn demand is expected to increase from 116

million metric tons in 2011 to 165 million metric tons in 2021 due to the increasing

demand for meats and protein products, up 42.2 percent in ten years.

Exhibit 77: China Corn Feed Use

China’s use of corn for industrial purposes was relatively small in the late 1990s and

early 2000s, accounting for about 10 percent of total domestic corn use. After 2003, good

profit margins in corn processing and rising energy prices attracted investment into the

corn processing industry, including starch and ethanol production. Average growth of

corn industrial use was above 13 percent annually over the past ten years. Based on

CNGOIC data, China’s corn industrial use is estimated to have increased from below 16

million metric tons in 2001 to about 56 million metric tons in 2011, more than tripling in

ten years. With more processing plants under construction, corn industrial use is expected

to continue to grow over the next few years.

China was the second largest corn exporter in the world during the early 2000s, behind

only the US. However, corn export volume declined dramatically since then, and China

turned to a net corn importer in late 2009, due to the fast growth in domestic


99

demand and the working down of previously sizable stocks. Between 2000 and 2006,

China exported about 55 million metric tons in total, averaging 7.9 million metric tons

annually during this period. After corn supplies became tight in late 2006, China’s corn

exports dropped from 5.3 million metric tons in the 2006 marketing year to 100,000

metric tons in the 2011 marketing year.

Exhibit 78: China’s Corn Trade 1991-2010

3.4 Review of China’s Wheat Supply and Use

Wheat is the third largest grain crop in China, behind only the rice and corn crops.

China’s wheat area was above 30 million hectares during early 1990s. Total wheat area

declined in mid 1990s due to the burdensome stocks build up in the government’s storage

system and the Chinese government’s move to discourage grain production. The decline

in area greatly drew down excessive stocks, and China had to import over 8 million

metric tons of wheat in 2004. Since 2004, the Chinese government introduced policies to

encourage wheat production, and wheat area recovered from 21.6 million hectares in

2004 to 24.3 million hectares in 2011.

China’s wheat yield increased steadily over the past ten years from 3.8 metric tons per

hectare in 2001 to 4.8 metric tons per hectare in 2011, an increase of 2.4 percent

annually. Since 2004, Chinese wheat production experienced eight consecutive years of

growth. By 2011, Chinese wheat output reached 117 million metric tons, an increase of

25.1 percent over the ten-year period or 2.3 percent annually.


100

Exhibit 79: China Wheat Area and Production

Exhibit 80: China Wheat Yields


101

Between 2001 and 2011, Chinese domestic wheat food consumption was largely stable at

around 80 million metric tons, which accounts for about 74 percent of domestic wheat

consumption. Industrial use of wheat increased from 8 million metric tons to 11.5 million

tons in 2011, an increase of 30 percent in a decade. Feed use of wheat in China averaged

around 9 million metric tons annually between 2001 and 2008. After 2009, rising

domestic corn prices forced Chinese feed manufacturers to look for other feed

ingredients. With wheat prices moving below corn prices due to ample supplies, wheat

became a good alternative to displace corn usage. Wheat feed usage increased to 13.5

million metric tons in 2010 and 23 million 2011. In the foreseeable future, wheat feed use

is expected to grow to 30 million metric tons annually. Rising wheat feed use also has led

to increases in imports of feed-grade wheat from Australia and some other countries.

Wheat imports jumped from only about a half million metric tons annually to 2.9 million

in 2011. Wheat imports are expected to continue to grow due to the domestic strong

demand for feed wheat.

Exhibit 81: China Wheat Feed Usage

3.5 Review of China’s Rice Supply and Use

Rice is the number one grain crop in China, accounting for more than one third of grain

production. Overall, Chinese rice acreage in recent years maintained an upward trend,

rising from 26.5 million hectares in 2003 to 30.1 million hectares in 2011, an increase of

13 percent in 8 years. However, similar to corn and wheat, rice area had declined in the

early 2000s due to the abundant stocks and rebounded after 2004 due to the government

policies to encourage rice production. Rice yield have been steadily increasing


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over the past decade due to wide adoption of high yield rice seeds, increasing from 6.2

metric tons per hectare in 2001 to 6.7 metric tons in 2011. Rising rice acreage and yields

led to increases in rice production. Total rice output increased from 178 million metric

tons in 2001 to 201 million metric tons in 2011, an increase of 13 percent.

Exhibit 82: China Rice Area and Production

Food consumption of rice increased over the past ten years, growing from 156 million

metric tons in 2001 to 169 million in 2011. Meanwhile, feed use of rice has not grown.

Total feed use of rice was estimated at 16.2 million metric tons in 2011, which was below

the historical high of 19.9 million metric tons of feed usage achieved in 2003. Feed use of

rice exhibited a moderate downward trend over the past five years, from 16.8 million

metric tons in 2006 to 16.2 million in 2011. The shrinking size of poultry, egg layer and

hog backyard operations contributed to the decline in the feed use of rice. The backyard

producers tend to use more rice in their feed rations than the specialized household and



103

Exhibit 83: China Rice Yield

3.6 Review of Other Coarse Grain Supplies and Usage

China’s other coarse grains include sorghum, millet, barley and oats. Other coarse grain

area steadily decreased over the past ten years, declining from 3.1 million hectares in

2001 to 2.1 million hectares in 2011. Competition from corn, wheat, vegetables and fruit

pulled acreage from those coarse grains as there are no government policies to support

other coarse grain production. Production of other coarse grains declined from 8.3 million

metric tons in 2001 to 6.6 million in 2011.


104

Exhibit 84: China Other Coarse Grain Area and Production

Exhibit 85: China Other Coarse Grain Yields


105

Domestic food demand for other coarse grains has been largely stable, averaging slightly

above 2 million metric tons annually. Domestic industrial use of other coarse grains grew

largely due to the growing beer production in China, increasing from 4.4 million metric

tons in 2001 to 5.4 million in 2011. Feed use of other coarse grains declined from 2.4

million metric tons in 2001 to below 1 million metric tons in 2011. Limited availability

and the shrinking backyard livestock and poultry sector contributed to the feed usage

decline.

Exhibit 86: China Other Coarse Grain Feed Use

3.7 Review of Protein Meal Supplies and Demand

Protein meal production enjoyed healthy growth over the past ten years due to the strong

growth in livestock, poultry and aquatic sectors and rapid commercialization of those

sectors. Total protein meal output grew from 29.1 million metric tons in 2001 to 64.8

million metric tons in 2011, an increase of 122 percent over the ten-year period or 8.3

percent annually. Among the all protein meals, soybean meal accounted for close to 75

percent of total output, and rapeseed meal accounted for 13.4 percent of the total.


106

Exhibit 87: Protein Meal Supply and Demand (1,000 MT)

Domestic feed demand grew at a similar pace with the production. Total protein meal

demand grew from 28.1 million metric tons in 2001 to 60.6 million metric tons in 2011,

an increase of 116 percent in 10 years or 8 percent annually. Soybean meal

Year 2001 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011

Production:

Soybean Meal 15,559 28,053 33,182 40,292 43,655 48,378

Rapeseed Meal 6,994 7,805 7,793 9,111 8,277 8,704

Cottonseed Meal 3,366 3,740 5,060 3,960 3,872 4,576

Peanut Meal 2,561 2,527 2,470 2,413 2,432 2,413

Other Meals 630 720 760 761 762 763

Total 29,109 42,845 49,265 56,537 58,998 64,834

Imports:

Soybean Meal 21 836 211 80 291 150

Rapeseed Meal 0 38 306 556 1,565 840

Cottonseed Meal 0 10 5 5 6 7

Peanut Meal 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Meals 0 0 46 854 590 661

Total 21 884 568 1,495 2,451 1,658

Feed Usage:

Soybean Meal 15,414 26,700 31,770 36,200 40,800 44,500

Rapeseed Meal 6,600 7,500 7,160 8,350 8,700 9,000

Cottonseed Meal 3,057 3,400 4,530 3,150 2,900 3,600

Peanut Meal 2,345 2,300 2,200 2,200 2,100 2,150

Other Meals 610 680 700 1,400 1,300 1,350

Total 28,026 40,580 46,360 51,300 55,800 60,600

Other Usage:

Soybean Meal 550 800 950 1,100 1,200 1,300

Rapeseed Meal 200 400 350 430 440 500

Cottonseed Meal 125 300 420 430 460 480

Peanut Meal 220 250 210 220 240 250

Other Meals 15 30 30 31 35 36

Total 1,110 1,780 1,960 2,211 2,375 2,566

Exports:

Soybean Meal 1,051 331 996 1,149 434 1,000

Rapeseed Meal 281 82 110 292 1 42

Cottonseed Meal 168 160 150 160 170 160

Peanut Meal 21 15 7 10 10 10

Other Meals 0 0 1 2 3 4

Total 1,521 588 1,264 1,613 619 1,216


107

accounted for about 73.4 percent of protein meal feed use in China, while rapeseed meal

represented about 14.9 percent of total protein meal feed use. With strong demand for

protein meal in livestock and poultry feeding, China turned from a net protein meal

exporter to net protein meal importer with 2011 imports estimated around 1.6 million

metric tons. Over half of the protein meal imports were rapeseed meal. It is expected that

China will remain a net protein meal importer over the next ten years. More importantly,

China will increase further its already massive imports of oilseeds, especially soybeans,

to be crushed domestically to produce protein meal.

3.8 Review of Other Feedstuff Supplies and Use

Chinese livestock and poultry producers use a wide range of feedstuffs to produce meat.

The exhibit below lists the feed ingredients used in China today. There are other feed

ingredients in use but quantifying their volumes is not possible. Those feed ingredients

include sweet potato vines, certain types of leaves, sugarcane bagasse, molasses, rubber

seed meal, coconut meal, germ bran, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, shell powder,

eggshell powder and chicken droppings. By adding those feed ingredients together, the

general assessment is that China’s feed supply can be roughly matched up with current

meat output reported by the Chinese government.

3.9 Feed Conversion Ratio for Standard Feed Ingredients

The exhibit below shows feed-to-meat conversion ratios and feed formulas for major

species. The feed formula varies from producer to producer, and what is presented is the

most common mix of the feed ingredients. This is for commercial and specialized

household operations, whereas backyard operators’ feed composition does not follow this

formula at all.


108

Exhibit 88: Other Feedstuff Feed Use (1,000 MT)


109

Exhibit 89: Feed to Meat Conversion Ratio

3.10 Transition from Backyard to Commercial Operations and Impacts on Grain

Demand

Traditional backyard operations use whatever low-cost feedstuffs are available on the

farm such as low-quality grains not suitable for human consumption, vegetables, rice and

wheat brans, table scraps and leftovers. Feeding efficiency is not a big concern as the

revenue from livestock and poultry is just a supplement to farm income, and much of the

production is consumed on-farm. Protein deficiency is common in their feeding practices.

For example, in grain rich areas, backyard producers tend to use more grains than

necessary and very little protein meal. The transformation from backyard to specialized

household or commercial production requires abandoning of low-cost feedstuffs because

it is difficult to use those feedstuffs at large scale and because feed efficiency is poor.

As backyard operations gradually exit the industry, the increasing use of protein meal has

displaced some feed grain usage. As a result, as livestock/poultry production increases

and protein meal usage increases, feed grain usage has not grown as fast as the protein

meal consumption. For some years, it even declined, while protein meal usage grew

strongly. With fewer and fewer traditional backyard operations left that can be converted

into commercial operations, the room for protein meal to displace additional feed grain

usage has become smaller. This probably is the reason why feed grain usage growth has

been stronger in recent years as livestock and poultry production continued to grow. Feed

grain usage growth and protein meal usage growth have started to converge. It is

expected that further rapid expansion in livestock and poultry sector will require the

usage of feed grains and protein meals to grow at the same pace in the future. Unless

China can raise its yields significantly, it probably will have to rely on the world market

more for its feed grain and protein meal demand.

Feed-Meat

Conv. Ratio Corn Eq Soymeal Eq Fiber Eq

Pork 4.2 60% 20% 15%

White Broiler 2.6 60% 28% 7%

Yellow Broiler 4.0 60% 28% 7%

Duck 2.6 60% 28% 7%

Egg 2.5 60% 24% 11%

Aquatic 1.7 20% 60% 15%

Beef 3.9 50% 30% 15%

Mutton 3.3 50% 30% 15%

Milk 0.5 40% 40% 15%

Common Feed Formula


110

Exhibit 90: Corn and Soybean Meal Feed Use Growth

3.11 Overview of the Feed Industry

In the past, the majority of China’s livestock and poultry production took place on

individual “backyard” farms. As a result, farmers fed their animals with whatever was

locally available such as tubers, rice, corn, and daily leftovers. There were no incentives

to use commercially produced feed to raise livestock at home. The commercialization of

the livestock and poultry sector over the last decade has been the major driving force

behind growing compound feed demand.

China has been rapidly expanding its feed manufacturing industry over the past ten years

along with the growth of commercial livestock and poultry production. Total feed output

grew from 56.1 million metric tons in 1996 to 180.6 million metric tons in 2011, up 222

percent in fifteen years, or up 8.1 percent annually. The annual growth rate of feed output

was much faster than the annual growth rate of total meat production, which only grew

3.7 percent annually over the past fifteen years. The rapid transformation of China’s

livestock and poultry industry from traditional backyard production to specialized

household and commercial production has been the driving force behind this rapid

growth.

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Corn Feed Use Growth Soybean Meal Feed Use Growth


111

Exhibit 91: China’s Feed Output 1991-2011

Exhibit 92: China Feed Production by Type (1,000 MT)

China has more than 15,000 feed mills spread across the country, and their total feed

production capacity is estimated at about 380 million metric tons. However, actual feed

output in 2011 was only about 181 million metric tons, reflecting low capacity utilization.

Annual compound feed manufacturing capacity is estimated at around 265 million metric

tons, while the total compound feed output was only about 149 million metric tons in

2011, with about 44 percent of the capacity left idle. Most of the feed mills in China are

relatively small-scale production facilities. Only about 2,354 mills have an annual

production capacity over 10,000 metric tons. The reason for this is China’s feed industry

is still low-tech, and it is easy to enter the industry. There are many small-sized, family-

Total Compound Compound Feed Concentrated Premix

Feed Feed Hog Egg Layer Broiler Aquatic Ruminant Others Feed

1991 35,827 34,940 11,576 6,643 6,019 747 1,402 590 298

1995 46,078 41,977 17,914 10,821 9,939 2,103 1,200 3,459 642

2000 74,140 59,118 21,493 14,390 16,066 4,915 2,255 12,492 2,529

2005 107,323 77,622 25,613 14,293 24,270 9,843 3,603 24,983 4,718

2006 110,590 81,169 23,968 15,681 25,095 12,018 4,406 24,560 4,861

2007 123,309 93,188 24,114 18,201 32,702 12,866 3,502 1,803 24,912 5,209

2008 136,666 105,902 28,928 19,931 38,142 12,990 3,591 2,320 25,305 5,459

2009 148,132 115,345 33,632 20,651 41,040 14,261 3,831 1,930 26,863 5,925

2010 162,020 129,740 41,120 23,200 43,540 14,740 4,930 2,220 26,480 5,790

2011 180,626 149,150 50,500 25,205 48,975 16,523 5,358 7,948 25,425 6,051


112

owned feed mills in China, competing with the large feed mills for the local feed markets.

Most of these feed mills start and stop production during the year depending on market

conditions. As a result, the overall utilization of feed production capacity is low in China.

However, the growing commercialization in the livestock and poultry sector requires

stable and sizable feed supplies year-round, which will have an impact on the

development of the feed industry in the future. There is talk that many international feed

grain and oilseed trading companies are either constructing or planning to construct

multiple feed mills in China. Most of the smaller feed mills are expected to eventually

exit the market.

Exhibit 93: Number of Feed Mills by Province

There were only 360 feed manufacturers whose annual feed production exceeded 100,000

metric tons in 2011. The aggregate feed output from the top 18 feed companies amounted

to 67.8 million metric tons in 2011, accounting for about 38 percent of the total feed

output in China. The largest feed mill groups in China are the New Hope Group and the

Chia Tai Group, each with mills scattered throughout China. Although large feed mill

groups in China have been increasing their production capacity over the past few years,

none of them are anywhere close to being able to dominate China’s feed market. The

New Hope Group’s feed production capacity only accounts for slightly above 5 percent

of the aggregate feed mill capacity in China. Similarly, the Chia Tai Group only

represents about 5 percent of the aggregate feed mill capacity. The rest have even smaller

shares.


113

3.12 Structure of Feed Products

Along with the development of the livestock and poultry industry, the structure of the

feed products market has been changing over the past decade. The share of the compound

feed in total feed output declined between 1991 and 2005, while the share of concentrated

feed and premix feed increased during the same period. The share of compound feed

production fell from 98 percent in 1991 to 72 percent in 2005, a drop of 22 percent over

the fifteen-year period. Meanwhile, the share of concentrated feed production grew from

2 percent in 1991 to 23 percent in 2005, up 21 percent in fifteen years. The share of

premix feed also increased during the same period, from 1 percent in 1991 to 4 percent in

2005. The rapid development of specialized household operations was the main reason

that concentrated feed had been gaining market share during this period. The common

feeding practice for the specialized household operations at that time was to buy feed

grains from local markets and mix them with the concentrated feed to produce

commercial equivalent feed.

However, this trend reversed after 2005. The share of compound feed production

rebounded from 72 percent in 2005 to 83 percent in 2011, an increase of 11 percent over

the six-year period. Meanwhile, the share of concentrated feed production declined from

23 percent in 2005 to 14 percent in 2011, down 9 percent in six years. The share of

premix feed stayed essentially flat. Rising feed grain prices had made it difficult for

specialized households to source feed grains at cheaper prices than large feed mills do.

Also, lack of the technology to blend balanced feed also increased specialized

households’ willingness to buy commercial compound feed from the feed manufacturers.

In addition, most feed mills found that compound feed would bring them better profit

margins than concentrated or premix feed. This trend is expected to continue over the

foreseeable future.

Within compound feed markets, the share of represented by hog operations typically

accounted for about one third of total compound feed output. Broiler operations also

accounted for about one third of the total compound feed output in 2011. The share of

egg layer operations represented about 17 percent of total compound feed production.

The importance of aquatic compound feed has been declining over the recent years,

dropping from 15 percent in 2006 to 11 percent in 2011. The remaining share of the

compound feed market is largely ruminant compound feed, representing for over five

percent of the total compound feed output.


114

Exhibit 94: Share of Different Feed Products


115

Exhibit 95: Share of the Compound Feed Market by Specie

3.13 Regional Concentration of Feed Production

Looking at the regional distribution of feed production, one clear feature is that feed

production is concentrated around the livestock and poultry centers rather than feed grain

rich regions. About 60 percent of the commercial feed was produced outside major feed

grain growing regions. The Northern region is the largest commercial compound feed

producer in China. Its compound feed output grew from 17.9 million metric tons in 2000

to 42.7 million metric tons 2011, an increase of 138 percent over the past 11 years or 8.2

percent annually. The Southern region is the second largest compound feed producer with

2011 output estimated at 29.7 million metric tons. The region also enjoyed healthy

growth over the past decade, growing 9.5 percent annually. Collectively, the two regions

accounted for close to half of the compound feed output in China in 2011. The Eastern

region is the third largest commercial compound feed producer, comprising of 15.5

percent of the total compound feed output. Both Southern and Eastern regions are feed

grain deficit regions.

Hog Egg Layer Broiler Aquatic Others

1995 42.7% 25.8% 23.7% 5.0% 2.9%

1996 39.2% 26.4% 24.4% 5.0% 4.9%

1997 40.1% 24.7% 24.5% 8.0% 2.7%

1998 42.0% 23.8% 24.0% 6.7% 3.6%

1999 38.1% 24.2% 25.9% 8.9% 2.9%

2000 36.4% 24.3% 27.2% 8.3% 3.8%

2001 36.5% 21.7% 27.8% 10.1% 3.9%

2002 36.8% 22.0% 27.1% 10.2% 3.9%

2003 33.1% 22.3% 28.5% 10.9% 5.2%

2004 33.2% 19.7% 31.6% 11.2% 4.4%

2005 33.0% 18.4% 31.3% 12.7% 4.6%

2006 29.5% 19.3% 30.9% 14.8% 5.4%

2007 25.9% 19.5% 35.1% 13.8% 5.7%

2008 27.3% 18.8% 36.0% 12.3% 5.6%

2009 29.2% 17.9% 35.6% 12.4% 5.0%

2010 31.7% 17.9% 33.6% 11.4% 5.5%

2011 33.9% 16.9% 32.8% 11.1% 5.3%


116

Exhibit 96: Regional Concentration of Compound Feed Production (1,000 MT)

2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Northeast 5,913 8,283 9,100 10,176 11,541 13,453 14,773 16,852

North 17,928 20,849 21,686 25,804 29,655 32,083 37,147 42,694

Northwest 3,821 4,619 4,561 4,858 4,969 5,378 6,219 6,870

Southwest 5,395 6,897 7,065 8,337 8,762 9,187 10,267 12,246

Central 6,045 8,972 9,889 11,210 12,889 14,376 15,718 17,628

East 8,963 12,152 12,169 14,532 16,382 17,337 19,510 23,179

South 10,960 15,850 16,699 18,272 21,704 23,532 26,108 29,682

Northeast 10.0% 10.7% 11.2% 10.9% 10.9% 11.7% 11.4% 11.3%

North 30.4% 26.9% 26.7% 27.7% 28.0% 27.8% 28.6% 28.6%

Northwest 6.5% 6.0% 5.6% 5.2% 4.7% 4.7% 4.8% 4.6%

Southwest 9.1% 8.9% 8.7% 9.0% 8.3% 8.0% 7.9% 8.2%

Central 10.2% 11.6% 12.2% 12.0% 12.2% 12.5% 12.1% 11.8%

East 15.2% 15.7% 15.0% 15.6% 15.5% 15.0% 15.0% 15.5%

South 18.6% 20.4% 20.6% 19.6% 20.5% 20.4% 20.1% 19.9%


117

Exhibit 97: Percentage of Hog Compound Feed Production by Province


118

Exhibit 98: Percentage of Egg Layer Compound Feed Production by Province


119

Exhibit 99: Percentage of Broiler Compound Feed Production by Province

0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%

0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%

0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%

2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%

1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%

0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%

4.9%4.9%4.9%4.9%4.9%4.9%4.9%4.9%4.9%

2%2%2%2%2%2%2%2%2%

0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%

6.7%6.7%6.7%6.7%6.7%6.7%6.7%6.7%6.7%

2.9%2.9%2.9%2.9%2.9%2.9%2.9%2.9%2.9%

15.5%15.5%15.5%15.5%15.5%15.5%15.5%15.5%15.5%

1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%

0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%

0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%

3.5%3.5%3.5%3.5%3.5%3.5%3.5%3.5%3.5%

5.4%5.4%5.4%5.4%5.4%5.4%5.4%5.4%5.4%

25.1%25.1%25.1%25.1%25.1%25.1%25.1%25.1%25.1%

5.8%5.8%5.8%5.8%5.8%5.8%5.8%5.8%5.8%

1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%

0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%

1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%

1.5%1.5%1.5%1.5%1.5%1.5%1.5%1.5%1.5%

0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%

0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%

6%6%6%6%6%6%6%6%6%

0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%

4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%

1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%


120

Exhibit 100: Percentage of Aquatic Compound Feed Production by Province

0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%

0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%

0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%

3.3%3.3%3.3%3.3%3.3%3.3%3.3%3.3%3.3% 1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%

14.4%14.4%14.4%14.4%14.4%14.4%14.4%14.4%14.4%

0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%

2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%

6%6%6%6%6%6%6%6%6%

1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%1.1%

4.1%4.1%4.1%4.1%4.1%4.1%4.1%4.1%4.1%

2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%

2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%

0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%0.7%

2.5%2.5%2.5%2.5%2.5%2.5%2.5%2.5%2.5%

0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%

6.8%6.8%6.8%6.8%6.8%6.8%6.8%6.8%6.8%

2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8% 22.9%22.9%22.9%22.9%22.9%22.9%22.9%22.9%22.9%

5.5%5.5%5.5%5.5%5.5%5.5%5.5%5.5%5.5%

1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%

0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%

0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%

1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%

0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%

0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%

2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%

10.4%10.4%10.4%10.4%10.4%10.4%10.4%10.4%10.4%

1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%

2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%


121

Exhibit 101: Percentage of Ruminant Compound Feed Production by Province

2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%

4.5%4.5%4.5%4.5%4.5%4.5%4.5%4.5%4.5%8%8%8%8%8%8%8%8%8%

2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%

0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%

3.1%3.1%3.1%3.1%3.1%3.1%3.1%3.1%3.1%

0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%

2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%

0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%

0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%

0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%

0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1% 1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%

6.2%6.2%6.2%6.2%6.2%6.2%6.2%6.2%6.2%

0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%

0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%

0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%

2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%

2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%2.3%

10.8%10.8%10.8%10.8%10.8%10.8%10.8%10.8%10.8%

6.4%6.4%6.4%6.4%6.4%6.4%6.4%6.4%6.4%

15.7%15.7%15.7%15.7%15.7%15.7%15.7%15.7%15.7%

7.2%7.2%7.2%7.2%7.2%7.2%7.2%7.2%7.2%

6.5%6.5%6.5%6.5%6.5%6.5%6.5%6.5%6.5%

2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.1%

0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%

10.2%10.2%10.2%10.2%10.2%10.2%10.2%10.2%10.2%

0.5%0.5%0.5%0.5%0.5%0.5%0.5%0.5%0.5%

0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%


122

3.14 Investment Outlook for China’s Feed Industry

China’s feed industry has been growing very rapidly over the past decade. The two major

driving forces behind industry growth have been the increasing demand for protein meal

and the transformation of the livestock and poultry industry from backyard production to

commercial production. As Chinese economic growth is expected to remain strong over

the next ten years, feed demand from the livestock and poultry industry will grow at a

fast pace as well. It is understood that many international conglomerates are either

planning or building multiple large-scale feed mills in China.

With the industry’s capacity significantly underutilized, the feed industry is expected to

go through a major consolidation process over the next ten years. In the past, poor

transportation and small-scale production in the livestock and poultry sector, especially

backyard production, allowed many small feed mills to survive in competition. As the

livestock and poultry industry transformed from small sized backyard production to

large-scale commercial production, feed mills are expected to increase their production

scale to accommodate the livestock industry’s transformation and improve production

efficiency.

China’s feed production is projected to continue to grow over the next ten years. Total

feed output is projected to increase from 181 million metric tons in 2011 to 236 million

metric tons in 2021, up 55 million metric tons or a 30.6 percent increase from 2011.

Compound feed output is forecasted to reach 199 million metric tons in 2021, up 50

million metric tons or a 33.4 percent increase from 2011. Concentrated feed production is

projected to increase to 29 million metric tons in 2021, up 3 million or a 13.3 percent

increase from 2011. Premix production is projected to grow to 8 million metric tons in

2021, up 2 million or an increase of 32.6 percent from 2011.

Exhibit 102: China Feed Production Forecast (1,000 MT)


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IV. China’s Meat Processing Industry and Marketing

4.1 Categories of Processed Meats in China

In China, processed meats are generally separated into two categories, high-temperature

processed meat products and low-temperature processed meat products.

High-temperature processed meat products refer to sausages that are cooked at over

100°C and packaged in casing or cans. The products usually have a stable shelf life and

are sold in either refrigerated or non-refrigerated areas of grocery stores and

supermarkets.

Low-temperature processed meat products refer to traditional Chinese sausages, hotdogs,

dry sausage, bologna, ham, deli meats, bacon, knuckles, tails, and traditional Chinese

smoked meats, which are usually cooked to an internal temperature of 70°C and require

refrigeration for storage and transportation. The products are sold in the refrigerated area

of grocery stores and supermarkets.

The market share of high-temperature processed meat products accounts for about 42

percent of the total processed meat products, while low-temperature processed meat

products represent the remaining 58 percent. Among the processed meat products, about

45 percent are traditional Chinese types of processed products, and 55 percent of the

products are Western style products, such as sausages and hams.

4.2 Market Shares of Top Branded Processed Meat Products

In terms of high-temperature processed meat products (mainly sausages), the Shuanghui

brand commands the dominant market share, accounting for over 60 percent of the

market share. Yurun and Wangrun brands by the Yurun group come in a distant second,

representing about 11 percent of the total market. The Jinluo brand had been the third

largest brand in terms of market share. Maverick’s brand market share quickly rose

around 2007 but was surpassed by SiverFood in 2010.

However, all of these brands can hardly be called national brands as they have limited

market penetration. In terms of market coverage, Shuanghui only covers about 22 percent

of the domestic market, followed by Yurun and Wangrun brands combined at 19 percent,

and the Jinluo brand at 13 percent. Delishi had the distant fourth position of market

coverage at about 5 percent. Maverick’s market coverage is very confined, limited to a

few large metropolitan areas, and accounting for less than 0.5 percent of the market

coverage.

In terms of low-temperature processed meat products, Yurun remains the top brand in

China, commanding close to one third of the total market share in 2010. But its market

coverage still was relatively small, about 19 percent of the domestic market. Shuanghui

brand is the second largest brand in low-temperature meat products,


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accounting for about 22 percent of the total market share in 2010. Shanghui brand has a

better market penetration than Yurun.

Exhibit 103: Market Share of Branded Sausage Products (percent)

Exhibit 104: Market Coverage of Branded Sausage Products (percent)


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Exhibit 105: Market Share and Coverage of Low Temperature Meat

Products (Percent)

4.3 China’s Meat Processing Industry

China’s meat industry is fragmented with the total number of slaughtering and processing

firms tallying above 20,000 in 2010. Among these firms, up-scale firms numbered 2,200

in 2010. Up-scale firms are defined as having annual sales revenue over 5 million

Chinese yuan. The number of livestock and poultry slaughtering houses equipped with

mechanized slaughtering systems was slightly above 3,000 in 2010. Among these upscale

meat processors, only 25 companies are considered large-sized businesses (those with a

national presence) and 250 as medium-sized companies (those that normally only operate

locally). With the industry entering a consolidation phase over the next few years, many

small-sized firms are expected to be acquired by larger companies or to exit the business

altogether.

The concentration of China’s meat industry is also very low. In 2010, the top three

players’ (Shuanghui, Jinluo and Yurun) aggregate sales revenue only accounted for 18

percent of the up-scale firms’ sales revenue. In the slaughtering business, the combined

shares of the top three were even lower, about 8 percent of the total up-scale firms.

Based on the sales revenue, profit margin, and brand awareness, the slaughtering houses

and meat processors can be divided into three groups: national, regional and remaining.

The national group includes Shuanghui, Jinluo and Yurun. Shuanghui is the number one

player in terms of gross sales in China. For high-temperature meat products, Shuanghui

dominates the domestic market, accounting for over 60 percent of the market. Jinluo is


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the second largest player in the market in terms of overall sales, but it has the number one

hog slaughtering capacity in the industry, slaughtering close to 20 million head of hogs

annually. Yurun is the third largest company in the market. Yurun’s competitive

advantage is in low-temperature processed meat products, ranking first in market share

and second in market coverage.

Examples of regional companies are Zhongpin, Gaojin, Meihao, Tangrenshen and

Delishi. These companies are mainly regional players with reputable brands. Zhongpin’s

meat product market area is focused on northern and eastern China. The Gaojin sales

radius is mostly concentrated in southwestern and southern China. Tangrenshen’s market

reach is mainly located in central China. However, these companies are expanding

rapidly and have the potential to become major national players.

The final group encompasses the remaining players, which are typically small in size and

confined to local markets. Their product brands have little regional or national exposure.

With limited capital and weak brand names, these firms are expected to continue to be

confined to local markets and be forced out of the market when the industry enters a

consolidation period.

4.4 Key Players in the Industry

Shuanghui Group is headquartered in Luohe city, Henan Province in Northern China.

Shuanghui Group is a slaughtering and meat processing company with an annual hog

slaughtering capacity of 15 million head, and produces over 1 million metric tons of meat

products. Shuanghui Group has 12 meat processing facilities across the country, and has

established over 200 marketing branches in 31 cities and provinces. Its business area

covers livestock farming, feed manufacturing, animal slaughtering, meat processing,

packaging, printing, foreign trading, and real estate. The group markets over 200 varieties

of chilled fresh meat and over 600 types of meat products including fresh meats, frozen

meats, high-temperature processed meats, and low-temperature processed meats. The

group is well equipped with refrigerated storage, refrigerated distribution, and

refrigerated chain stores to extend its market reach. The group has several divisions to

handle different parts of the businesses composing the fresh and frozen product division,

meat-processing division, packaging division, and livestock production division. The

group annually processes about 30 million head of live hogs, 500 thousand head of live

cattle, 200 thousand metric tons of broiler meat, 50 thousand metric tons of eggs, and 50

thousand metric tons of plant protein.

Jinluo Group was established in 1994 and is headquartered in Linyi, Shandong. It

employs over 20,000 workers and has an annual hog slaughtering capacity of 23 million

head of hogs and 46 million broilers. Jinluo’s business focus is on meat processing. It

processes 2 million metric tons of meats per year. Its high-temperature meat processing

products and low-temperature meat processing products are imported by Japan, Germany,

and the United States. Jinluo’s slaughtering capacity is mainly concentrated in

northeastern China, accounting for 54 percent of its total capacity. Its second largest


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slaughtering presence is in northern China, representing 37 percent of its total capacity.

Its slaughtering capacity in central and southwestern China is relatively small, 5 percent

of the total capacity for each region.

Yurun Group is the largest meat processor in China, headquartered in Nanjin, Jiangsu

province. Yurun is not only involved in the hog slaughtering and meat processing

business, but also in real estate, travel, trade, and transportation logistics. It has close to

100 subsidiaries located in 28 cities and provinces in China. The slaughtering and

processing businesses are Yurun’s core businesses. Its products include warm fresh

meats, chilled fresh meats, frozen meats, and low-temperature processed meat products.

Its hog slaughtering capacity in 2010 was around 22 million head.

4.5 Marketing Channels for Meat Products

Wet markets remain the main channel for pork marketing. Chinese consumers

traditionally prefer warm fresh pork. As a result, most of the wet markets are built near

residential areas or heavily populated regions. About 70 percent of the wet markets were

built within a 3 kilometer radius of a residential area. Within 10 kilometers of a

residential area, the probability of finding a wet market can reach 90 percent. Currently,

about 82 percent of the pork is marketed through wet markets and the remaining 18

percent through supermarkets, chain stores, wholesalers, restaurants, reserves, and

exports.

4.6 Cold Storage Chain and its Future Development in China

In recent years, with economic growth and government policy support, the cold chain is

rapidly evolving in China. However, the cold chain system in China is still in its infancy

stage. A large-scale, systematic cold chain is not yet formed across the country. It is

estimated that only 10 percent of the food in China is moving through the cold chain

system vs. 80 to 90 percent in developed Western countries. China had close to 20,000

cold storage facilities around the country in 2010. Total cold storage capacity is estimated

at 8.8 million metric tons. Refrigerated rail cars are very few with only 1,910 cars in

2010. China had about 20,000 refrigerated trucks in 2010 and a 100,000 metric ton

capacity of refrigerated vessels under operation. China has the capacity to produce

refrigerated containers equivalent to 1 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs).

It is estimated that about 5 percent of the fruit and vegetable in the marketing channel is

moving through the cold chain system, 7 percent for meats and 23 percent for aquatic

products. In recent years, large-scale meat processors are actively promoting fresh chilled

meat in urban areas and have invested heavily in building the cold chain system.

However, they are not very successful so far, due to the consumer preferences and lack of

national cold chain system to facilitate their businesses. Research indicates that a

majority of the cold chain system is currently used to move fruits and vegetables from

producing regions to consuming regions or export markets. China produces


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over 700 million metric tons of vegetables and melons annually. Even a very small

percentage of the products moving through the cold chain will strain the system.

In its five-year plan, the Chinese government targeted adding 10 million metric tons of

cold storage capacity by 2015, reaching 18.8 million metric tons with an annual growth

rate at 13.5 percent. The government also planned to add 40,000 refrigerated trucks to the

current fleet, which will triple the current refrigerated fleet size. With strong economic

growth, China’s market potential for cold a chain system will be huge. It is estimated that

the food industry’s demand for the cold chain will be around 100 million metric tons

annually. The cold chain industry estimated that the cold storage chain market could

expand at a rate of 25 percent annually.

4.7 Government Policies toward the Meat-Processing Industry

Due to the concerns about food safety, the Chinese government is encouraging the

consolidation of the meat-processing industry, especially in the livestock and poultry

slaughtering business. In its five-year plan, the Chinese government targeted the

reduction of the manual or semi-mechanized slaughtering houses by 30 percent at the end

of 2013 and to eliminate 50 percent of those antiquated slaughtering houses at the end of

2015. It is expected that the meat-processing industry will go through a rapid

consolidation process over the next 3 to 5 years.

The government is asking the meat-processing industry to increase small packaged meat

sales in urban areas. It is hoping that small packaged meat sales in urban area can reach

15 percent at the end of 2013 and 30 percent at the end of 2015. It also targeted raising

the fresh chilled meat market share over the next few years, reaching 30 percent by the

end of 2015. The Chinese meat industry will have to invest heavily in the cold chain

system to meet the government’s target. However, the government said that this level is

not mandatory as it understands the difficulty in implementation because of the

underdevelopment of the cold chain system in the past.

4.8 The State Reserve’s Role in China’s Meat Marketing

The Chinese government established a state reserve for pork in 2007 after the country

suffered a severe shortage in pork supplies due to the widespread diseases and poor

production margins. The entity handling pork reserves for the government is called China

Merchandise Reserve Management Center. Its main goal is to stabilize the domestic pork

prices. When the market prices move below what is considered a reasonable price range,

the state reserve will step in to buy pork from the domestic market to provide price

support for the producers. When the market prices move above the reasonable price

range, the state reserve will release both live hogs and frozen pork from the state reserve

to relieve the supply shortage. It is authorized by the central government to import pork

from the world market when necessary. Since the establishment of the state reserve for


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pork, the government has successfully intervened in the domestic market and prevented

the domestic price from moving up or down dramatically.

V. Demand Drivers and Outlook

5.1 An Overview of the Chinese Economy

The Chinese economy has tremendously benefited from years of continuous global

economic growth, largely fueled by the consumption-driven economies of developed

Western countries, such as the United States, taking advantage of China’s vast and cheap

labor force. Riding on the wave of a global economic boom, China enjoyed spectacular

growth in its economy, especially after the country gained access to the World Trade

Organization (WTO) in 2001. From 2003 to 2007, China’s economy experienced double-

digit growth 5 years in a row. However, China’s economic growth lost some of its

momentum when the impact of the global financial crisis showed on the country’s

economy in 2008. China’s 2009 overall foreign trade and exports, for the first time since

the country’s WTO accession, posted a net loss of 13.9 percent and 16.0 percent,

respectively. China’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth during the first quarter of

2009 fell sharply to a multi-year low of 6.1 percent.

Exhibit 106: China’s GDP Growth

The Chinese government acted quickly to counter global economic conditions by

loosening bank credit, cutting taxes and embarking on a massive 4-trillion


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yuan infrastructure-spending program spearheaded by the central government. Due to the

massive stimulus plan, China’s economy staged a robust rebound and sustained a four-

quarter streak of expansion immediately after touching bottom during the first quarter of

2009. The annual GDP growth rate came in at 9.2 percent in 2009, which exceeded

expectations. After that, China achieved another two years of strong growth at 10.4

percent in 2010 and 9.3 percent in 2011. With a GDP of 47.3 trillion yuan, the China

economy is now ranked as the world’s second largest.

With the central government’s 4 trillion yuan injection and local government’s 10 trillion

yuan investments in 2009, inflationary pressure started to build and reached a recent year

high in mid-2011 when food prices and property values soared. As a result, the Chinese

government had to tighten its monetary policy during the second half of 2011 to cool the

economy and inflation down. Entering 2012, the Chinese economy again showed signs of

weakness due to the weak export business to European and US markets. With inflation

cooling down to a comfortable level, the Chinese government started to loosen its

monetary policy and introduced a 1 trillion yuan infrastructure investment initiative in

September 2012.

Exhibit 107: China’s Consumer Price Index Percent Change

Most Chinese economists believe that China’s economy can grow at 6 to 8 percent

annually over the next 5 to 10 years. China’s increasing demand for minerals, energy and

agricultural commodities has, and will continue to have, a significant impact on the world

economy’s performance. In the foreseeable future, China’s demand for raw commodities

is expected to continue to grow at the fast pace experienced in recent years.


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5.2 Driving Forces behind China’s Economic Growth

Recently, the Chinese economy has been largely driven by investments consisting of

massive government spending. It is estimated that investment contributed to about 56

percent of GDP growth in 2011. Investments contributed to about 53 percent of the

economic growth on average over the past ten years with the highest contribution of close

to 80 percent in 2009. With the high personal savings rate and underdeveloped domestic

consumption in China, the Chinese economy will remain largely investment-driven for

the foreseeable future.

Exhibit 108: China Domestic Investment

Aside from investments, foreign trade is another major factor contributing to China’s

rapid economic growth. It is estimated that exports contributed to as much as 50 percent

of the domestic GDP growth between 2003 and 2005. After 15 years of negotiations,

China finally became a full member of the WTO in 2001. China’s accession to the WTO

greatly accelerated its movement towards a market economy, and facilitated its

globalization process by allowing the full utilization of the country’s comparative

advantage. China has seen its exports grow close to 20 percent on average annually since

entering the WTO. In 2006, fuelled by its burgeoning trade surplus, China overtook Japan

to become the world’s largest holder of foreign exchange reserves. Exports’ contribution

to Chinese economy declined to about 26 percent in 2011 due to the weak world

economy. However it is widely expected that foreign trade will continue to play an

important role in China’s economic growth for the next 10 years.


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Exhibit 109: China Foreign Trade

Exhibit 110: China’s Foreign Exchange Reserves


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5.3 Rising Income and Growing Middle Class in China

As personal income increased over the past several years, a middle-income class has

gradually formed in China. Though there is no consensus on how to measure the middle

class, most researchers in China agree that China’s middle-income class accounts for

about 8 percent of the total families in China. Based on a joint survey conducted by

China’s Central Bank and Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, the top 8

percent of the families made about 320,000 yuan on average in 2010 vs. the average

family income of 52,000 yuan. Top 8 percent urban families earned 414 thousand yuan

on average in 2010 while top 8 percent rural families earned about 166 thousand yuan on

average. Those numbers may not sound very high in terms of the US dollar, which is

valued at 6.3 yuan to 1 USD. However, in terms of the World Bank’s Purchasing Power

Parity index (PPP = 4 to 1), this group of families had an annual income equivalent to

US$42,000 to US$103,000. With a population of 1.3 billion, the middle-income

population was around 100 million. China’s Social Science Academy estimated that the

middle-income class will grow by about 1 percent every year and projected that numbers

of the middle-income class in total population will reach close to 20 percent in 2020.

Exhibit 111: Average Family Income in 2010

According to the survey, urban families on average spent 53,000 yuan (US $7,829) in

2010 with food expenditures accounting for 27 percent, clothing 6 percent, housing 16

percent, disposable/durable goods 6 percent, transportation/communication 20 percent,

education 15 percent and healthcare 8 percent of the total expenditure. The top


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8 percent families on average spent about 116,000 yuan (US $17,135) in 2010. For most

of the items such as food, clothing, housing, disposable/durable goods, healthcare and

education/entertainment, the top 8 percent urban families on average spent more than the

double the average of all urban families surveyed. The consumption behavior suggested

that there is still a lot of room for food consumption growth as family income rises over

the time.

Exhibit 112: Urban Family Expenditure

In recent years, inflated asset values from stocks and real estate had given many urban

families a strong feeling of affluence, which made them willing to spend more. Based on

the survey, the average family in an urban area owns close to 2.5 million yuan (US

$370,000) worth of assets while holding about 101,000 yuan (US $15,000) of debt. A

rural family on average has about 358,000 yuan (US $53,000) assets while having about

37,000 yuan (US $5,466) of debt. As a result, the future valuation of those assets will

significantly impact Chinese consumers’ spending behavior.

The rising middle class has been leading and transforming the food diet pattern in China.

Food demand for value-added products, such as meats and vegetables, has been

increasing while demand for food grains per capita has been either flat or declining. As a

matter of fact, per capita grain consumption has been declining over the past few years

due to people substituting more meats and vegetables for grains in their diet. This trend is

expected to continue for the next ten years due to rising personal incomes.


135

Exhibit 113: Chinese Family Asset Value and Debt

5.4 Urbanization and Migration

With the remarkable economic success, China experienced a rapid and unprecedented

process of urbanization beginning in 1978, caused by history’s largest flow of rural-urban

migration in the world. The growing income disparity between urban and rural areas is

the key motivator for this population shift.

After reforms were launched at the end of 1978, the growth of the Chinese urban

population began to accelerate. From 1984 to 1987, every year an average of 13 million

people became urban residents. However, urban population growth started to slow in the

1990s as a result of a slower increase in employment growth following the restructuring

of the state-owned enterprises. From 1988 to 1994, the number of people moving into

urban areas dropped slightly to an average of 9 million each year. The pace of urban

population growth picked up again in 1996, and the trend continues to today.

In addition to the regular urban expansion, the rural-urban migrants significantly

contributed to the prosperity of the urban areas. The rural-urban migrants refer to those

who work and live in urban areas for most of their time but have not been registered as

urban residents. Of the total migrant rural labor force of the country, about 36 percent

were absorbed by towns with county administration, and the rest merged into medium to

large-sized cities across the country. In addition, 48 percent of them engaged in


136

manufacturing, construction, and mining industry with the remainder being employed by

the service sector.

China has striking regional disparities in income levels along with a huge income gap

between rural and urban areas. The east coast is more developed and has the highest per

capita income. In addition, foreign investments and foreign funded enterprises are largely

concentrated in the east to take advantage of the well-developed infrastructure system.

Therefore, it is not surprising to see that the rural residents migrate from the

underdeveloped provinces such as Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hebei and Guizhou,

to the east coastal cities in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu and Fujian

provinces, which received about 87 percent of all rural migrant workers. As a result, at

the end of 2011, the Chinese urban population reached 691 million with a 51.3 percent

urbanization rate, a 33.4 percent increase compared with the urbanization rate in 1978,

when the market reforms were initiated. Meanwhile, between 1978 and 2011, the number

of cities soared from 193 to 657, and the number of small towns increased from 2,176 to

over 20,000.

The Yangtze Delta region (represented by Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces), the

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, and the Zhujiang region (represented by

Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi province) have emerged as the nation’s top three

economic growth centers. Although these aforementioned economic centers account for

less than 3 percent of the land area and maintain only 33 percent of population in China,

they altogether attracted 72 percent of the foreign investments in China, and contributed

to 46 percent of the Chinese GDP.

Aside from large or mid-sized cities, tens of thousands of small towns across China also

played an indispensable role in the urbanization process. Township enterprises are

market-oriented enterprises under the purview of local governments, and they have

become a vibrant part of the Chinese economy by absorbing surplus local agricultural

workers into their labor-intensive township enterprises. In turn, the rapid development of

township enterprises from the mid-1980s and 1990s prompted a wave of small town

construction in China.

Since 1982, China has been able to increase its urbanization level by 1 percent each year,

and its agricultural sector has seen a steady draw down of the rural labor force since the

1990s as a direct result of rural-urban migration. In the early 1990s, there were reportedly

some 150 million surplus laborers in the rural areas, but despite the ongoing migration,

the amount of the surplus of rural labor climbed further to 180 million at the end of 2000.

However the trend reversed soon afterwards, and China’s surplus of rural labor has

shrunk to a level that has never been seen before, chiefly due to the country’s

unprecedented urbanization pace. The last agricultural census showed that as of

December 2006, China’s total rural labor force stood at 531 million. Of 531 million rural

laborers, 131.81 million held jobs in urban areas, and 348.78 million were actively

engaged in agriculture. In other words, the absolute number of surplus rural laborers is

only 50.45 million. Therefore, the long held belief of an inexhaustible surplus of labor in

the rural areas of China is fading fast if China does not improve its agricultural


137

production efficiency through mechanization of large farm operations and employ more

advanced technology.

Metropolises such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou on the east coast remain the

most popular destinations for migrant workers seeking a better life.

Exhibit 114: Urban Population Share in China

5.5 Dietary Trends

With rising incomes over the past decade, Chinese consumers eat more meats and

vegetables. Per capita food grain consumption was stagnant over the past ten years,

showing no growth. Per capita milk consumption exhibited the strongest growth over the

past ten years, up a whopping 223 percent. Per capita aquatic product consumption

ranked second, up 41 percent in ten years. Mutton was up 39 percent in 10 years,

followed by poultry meat at 37 percent, beef at 21 percent and pork at 20 percent.

Vegetables remain favored by Chinese consumers, up 33 percent in ten years. This

dietary trend is expected to continue over the next decade.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

Per

cen

t

Share of Urban Share of Rural


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Exhibit 115: Dietary Trend

VI. Outlook for Domestic Feed Grain and Protein Meal Supplies

6.1 Long Term Projection of Corn Supply and Demand

Though China’s arable land is projected to decline moderately over the forecast period

due to increasing industrial and residential uses, China’s area devoted to all crops is

expected to remain relatively stable over the next ten years as increased use of multiple

cropping will make up for the marginal decline in land. China’s all grain area is projected

to decline moderately over the next decade, as more cropland will be diverted to produce

vegetables and fruits. Among the major grain crops, corn area is expected to increase

moderately to about 34.4 million hectares over the next ten years, 858,000 hectares above

the 2011 level. Strong livestock and poultry feeding and industrial processing demand are

expected to prevent corn area from declining over the next ten years. Corn area is

expected to expand at the expense of food grain area, other coarse grains area and oilseed

area. With corn supplies getting tighter in the foreseeable future, it is expected that the

Chinese government will adopt new policies to encourage corn production. At the same

time, wheat, rice and soybean planted areas are expected to decline over the next decade

given competition for land from corn and other cash crops.


139

Exhibit 116: Corn Acreage Projection

Though China’s average corn yield of 5.7 metric tons per hectare was above the world

average corn yield of 5.2 metric tons per hectare, it is still significantly below typical US

and Argentine corn yields of 9.6 metric tons and 6.7 metric tons per hectare, respectively.

Several areas that the Chinese government believes that it can improve to increase corn

yields over the next ten years include: adoption of high yield seed technology, better

fertilization, better farming practices and agricultural mechanization. China’s corn yield

is projected to increase from 5.7 metric tons in 2011 to 6.5 metric tons per hectare in

2021, up 0.8 metric ton per hectare or 13.1 percent in ten years.


140

Exhibit 117: China’s Corn Yields

Based on China’s corn area and yield assumptions discussed above, China’s corn output

is forecast to increase from 193 million metric tons in 2011 to 224 million metric tons by

2021, up 16.1 percent during the forecast period or an average of 1.6 percent annually.

On a regional basis, it is expected that the Northeast will remain the dominant corn-

producing region in China as the majority of the corn area increase will come almost

exclusively from this region.

As noted earlier, China’s economy is expected to continue strong growth over the next

decade. Rising per capita income in China will lead to more meat consumption over the

forecast period. As a result, feed demand from livestock, poultry and the aquatic industry

is expected to grow over the next ten years. Increases in meat production as well as the

transformation from backyard to commercial production will drive the industry toward

more corn usage to increase feed efficiency and increase meat production. Total corn feed

usage is projected to increase from 116 million metric tons in 2011 to 165 million metric

tons in 2021, up 42 percent in 10 years or averaging 3.6 percent annually.


141

Exhibit 118: Projection of China’s Corn Feed Demand

China’s corn processing industry grew rapidly over the past ten years because of the

strong domestic demand and favorable government policies. Initially, the Chinese

government’s intention was to find an outlet for the excessive corn supplies that plagued

the domestic corn market during the late 1990s and early 2000s. However, with surplus

corn almost depleted in China, it is expected that the Chinese government’s attitude

toward the corn processing industry may change from encouraging its growth to

restricting the industry development over the time. Accordingly, total corn processing

demand is projected to grow from 56 million metric tons in 2011 to 70 million metric

tons in 2021, an increase of 25 percent over the next 10 years or an average of 2.3 percent

growth annually. This growth will be substantially lower than the 16 percent average

annual growth rate achieved over the previous decade.

China’s corn for food use is projected to increase moderately over the next ten years from

16.8 million metric tons in 2011 to 20 million metric tons in 2021, up 19 percent in ten

years. However, its share of total corn demand will decrease from 8.8 percent in 2011 to

7.8 percent in 2021. As China’s feed demand for corn grows over the next ten years, its

share of total domestic corn demand will also grow from 61 percent in 2011 to 64.4

percent in 2021. Meanwhile, though China’s corn processing demand is expected to

retain an upward trend over the forecast period, its share in the total corn demand will

decrease from 29 percent in 2011 to 27.3 percent in 2021.


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Exhibit 119: China’s Corn Food and Industrial Use

With China’s food, feed and industrial demand for corn expected to grow over the next

ten years, China’s total corn demand is projected to increase from 190.1 million metric

tons in 2011 to 256.4 million metric tons in 2021, up 66.2 million metric tons in ten years

or 3.0 percent annually. The majority of the 66.2 million-metric-ton increase will come

from feed usage at 49 million metric tons, followed by industrial use at 14 million and

food use at 3.2 million metric tons.

China’s corn supply and demand balance will be tight over the next ten years. China’s

corn production is expected to grow from 193 million metric tons in 2011 to 224 million

metric tons by 2021, up 32 million metric tons in ten years or growing at 1.6 percent

annually. As a result, China is expected to become a significant corn importer in the

future.


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Exhibit 120: China’s Domestic Corn Supply and Demand

With the domestic corn supply becoming very tight over the past few years and rising

domestic corn prices, China became a net corn importer in 2010. Unless there is a major

breakthrough in seed technology in China to improve corn yields, China’s corn demand

will continue to outstrip corn supply over the forecast period, thus keeping China as a net

corn importer. Also, China’s corn supply and demand gap is expected to widen during the

forecast period, increasing from 5.4 million metric tons in 2011 to 33 million metric tons

by 2021. Rapid growth in feed and industrial use of corn, as well as continued

commercialization of the livestock and poultry sectors, will be the major forces behind

this significant change in China’s corn trade.

6.2 Long Term Projection of Wheat Supply and Demand

With increasing consumption of meat proteins, the importance of Chinese wheat as a

major dietary food item is expected to moderately decline over the time. This trend has

been obvious in recent years as the domestic wheat prices fell below domestic corn prices

due to ample supplies, resulting in a large amount of wheat being fed to hogs and poultry.

As a result, wheat area is expected to moderately decrease to about 24.2 million hectares

over the next ten years, 120,000 hectares below the 2011 level.


144

Exhibit 121: Wheat Acreage Projection

Chinese wheat yield was around 4.8 metric tons per hectare in 2011, which is above the

world and US average wheat yield of 3.1 metric tons but still below the EU’s 5.3 metric

ton yield. China’s wheat yield is projected to increase to 5.6 metric tons per hectare in

2021, an increase of 15.8 percent over the ten-year period. Based on China’s wheat area

and yield assumptions discussed above, Chinese wheat production increases will have to

rely on yield increases over the forecast period. China’s wheat output is forecast to

increase from 117.4 million metric tons in 2011 to 131.5 million metric tons by 2021, up

12 percent during the forecast period or at an average of 1.1 percent annual growth rate.

As noted earlier, China’s economy is expected to continue strong growth over the next

decade. Rising per capita income in China will lead to more meat consumption over the

forecast period. As a result, feed demand from livestock, poultry and the aquatic industry

is expected to require more grains for feed use over the next ten years. Increases in meat

production will drive the industry towards more wheat usage as meat production

increases in scale. Total wheat feed usage is projected to increase from 23 million metric

tons in 2011 to 35 million metric tons in 2021, up 52.2 percent in 10 years or an average

of 4.3 percent annually. As China’s feed demand for wheat grows over the next ten years,

its share of total domestic wheat demand will also grow from 18.8 percent in 2011 to 24.6

percent in 2021.


145

Exhibit 122: Projection of China’s Wheat Production

Exhibit 123: Projection of China’s Wheat Feed Use


146

China’s wheat for food use is projected to increase slightly over the next ten years from

83 million metric tons in 2011 to 87 million metric tons in 2021, up 4.8 percent in ten

years. However, its share of the total wheat demand will decrease from 68 percent in

2011 to 61.1 percent in 2021. Total wheat industrial demand is projected to grow from

11.5 million metric tons in 2011 to 16 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 39

percent over the next 10 years or an average of 3.4 percent growth annually. This growth

will be higher than the 1.6 percent average annual growth rate achieved over the previous

decade.

With China’s food, feed and industrial demand for wheat expected to grow over the next

ten years, China’s total wheat demand is projected to increase from 122.2 million metric

tons in 2011 to 142.5 million metric tons in 2021, up 20.3 million metric tons in ten years

or an average of 1.5 percent annually. The majority of the 20.3 million-metric-ton

increase will come from feed usage at 12 million metric tons, followed by industrial use

at 4.5 million and food use at 3.5 million metric tons.

Exhibit 124: Projection of China’s Total Wheat Demand

China’s wheat supply and demand will be tighter over the next ten years. With the

domestic wheat supply becoming tighter over the past few years and rising domestic

wheat prices, China became a net wheat importer again in 2011. Unless there is a major

breakthrough in seed technology in China to improve wheat yields, China’s wheat

demand will continue to outstrip wheat supply over the forecast period, thus keeping

China as a net wheat importer. Also, China’s wheat supply/demand gap is expected to

widen during the forecast period, increasing from 2 million metric tons in

50,000

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2011 to 11 million metric tons by 2021. Rapid growth in feed and industrial use of wheat,

as well as continued commercialization of the livestock and poultry sectors, will be the

major forces behind this significant change in China’s wheat trade.

Exhibit 125: China’s Wheat Trade

6.3 Long Term Projection of Rice Supply and Demand

With competition from feed grains and continuing urbanization in China, total rice area is

expected to decline marginally over the next decade. Total rice area is forecast to

decrease from 31.1 million hectares in 2011 to 30.2 million hectares in 2021, a decline of

93,000 hectares or 0.3 percent over the ten-year period. China’s rice yield was 6.7 metric

tons per hectare in 2011, above the world average of 4.4 metric tons but still below the

US rice yield of 7.9 metric tons per hectare. China’ rice yield is projected to increase

from 6.7 metric tons in 2011 to 6.9 metric tons per hectare in 2021.

With rice area largely stable over the forecast period and the yield projection above, total

rice production is projected to grow from 201 million metric tons in 2011 to 206.8

million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 5.8 million or 2.9 percent increase over the

forecast period.

0

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Exhibit 126: China’s Rice Acreage Projection

Exhibit 127: Projection of China’s Rice Production


149

China’s rice for food use is projected to increase over the next ten years from 169 million

metric tons in 2011 to 182 million metric tons in 2021, up by 7.7 percent in ten years. Its

share of the total rice demand will increase slightly from 83.3 percent in 2011 to 83.8

percent in 2021. Meanwhile, China’s rice processing demand is expected to remain in an

upward trend over the forecast period. Total rice industrial use is projected to grow from

16.5 million metric tons in 2011 to 22 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 33

percent over the next 10 years or an average of 2.9 percent growth annually. This growth

will be lower than the 6 percent average annual growth rate achieved over the previous

decade.

Rice is a major food grain dietary item for the Chinese people. Rising food and industrial

use of rice coupled with declining rice area are expected to limit the amount of rice

available for feed use over the forecast period. Total rice feed usage is projected to

decrease from 16.2 million metric tons in 2011 to 12 million metric tons in 2021, down

26 percent in 10 years or an average decrease of 3.0 percent annually.

Exhibit 128: Projection of China’s Rice Feed Demand

With China’s food and industrial demand for rice expected to grow over the next ten

years, China’s total rice demand is projected to increase from 202.9 million metric tons in

2011 to 217.2 million metric tons in 2021, up 14.3 million metric tons in ten years or an

average of 0.7 percent annually. The majority of the 14.3 million-metric-ton increase will

come from food usage at 13 million metric tons, followed by increasing industrial use at

5.5 million, with a 4.18 million decrease in feed usage.

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China’s rice supply and demand will become tighter over the next ten years. China’s rice

production is expected to grow from 201 million metric tons in 2011 to 206.8 million

metric tons by 2021 while domestic rice demand is expected to increase from 203 million

metric tons in 2011 to 217.2 million metric tons by 2021 and exceeding the growth pace

of domestic rice supply. As a result, China is expected to become more of a rice importer

in the future.

With the domestic rice supply and demand balance becoming tighter over the past few

years and rising domestic rice prices, China became a net rice importer in 2011. Over the

forecast period, China’s rice demand will continue to outstrip rice supply, thus keeping

China as a net rice importer. Also, China’s rice supply/demand gap is expected to widen

during the forecast period. Thus, it will lead to more rice imports for China. China’s rice

imports are projected to increase from 2 million metric tons in 2011 to 3.4 million metric

tons by 2021. Growth in food and industrial use of rice will be the major forces behind

this change in China’s rice trade.

Exhibit 129: China’s Rice Trade

6.4 Long Term Projection of Other Coarse Grain Supply and Demand

Other coarse grain area steadily declined over the past ten years as more acreage was

diverted to corn production. This declining trend is expected to continue over the forecast

period. Other coarse grain area is projected to decrease from 2.1 million hectares to about

0

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1.8 million hectares over the next ten years, 288,000 hectares below 2011’s level or a

12.1 percent decline.

Exhibit 130: Other Coarse Grain Acreage Projection

Other coarse grain yields are forecast to increase from 2011’s level of 3.2 metric tons per

hectare to 4 metric tons per hectare, an increase of 26.6 percent over the ten-year period.

However, the increases in other coarse grain yields are not able to offset the declines in

acreage over the forecast period. As a result, other coarse grain production is forecast to

decrease from 6.6 million metric tons in 2011 to 6 million metric tons in 2021, down 10

percent during the forecast period or at an average decline of 1 percent annually.

Other coarse grains industrial use is projected to grow from 5.3 million metric tons in

2011 to 6.5 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 23 percent over the next 10 years

or an average of 2.1 percent growth annually. The increase is mostly due to the additional

1.1 million metric tons of barley being used in beer production over the forecast period.

China’s other coarse grains for food use is projected to decrease over the next ten years

from 2.1 million metric tons in 2011 to 1.8 million metric tons in 2021, down by 17

percent in ten years.

With very limited availability of other domestic coarse grains and strong demand for

industrial use, other coarse grain feed usage is projected to decrease from 0.9 million

metric tons in 2011 to 0.7 million metric tons in 2021, down 32 percent in 10 years or an

average of decrease of 2.5 percent annually.

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Exhibit 131: Projection of China’s Other Coarse Grain Production

Exhibit 132: Projection of China’s Other Coarse Grain Feed Use

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China’s coarse grain supply and demand balance will get even tighter over the next ten

years. China’s coarse grain production is expected to shrink from 6.6 million metric tons

in 2011 to 6 million metric tons by 2021 while demand will increase from 8.6 million

metric tons in 2011 to 9.2 million metric tons by 2021, increasing at an average of 0.8

percent annually, and exceeding the growth pace of domestic coarse grains supply. As a

result, China is expected to become more of a coarse grains importer in the future.

Exhibit 133: China’s Other Coarse Grain Imports

6.5 Long Term Projection of Protein Meal Supply

Strong feed demand from the livestock and poultry sectors has been the driving force

behind protein meal demand over the past decade. Another important aspect of increasing

protein meal use was the commercialization of the livestock and poultry industry, which

emphasized more feed-meat conversion efficiency due to the supply shortage. It is

expected that the livestock and poultry sector will continue to grow over the next decade

with increasing commercialization along the way. As a result, protein meal demand will

continue to increase. As the Chinese government prefers to keep value-added processing

inside China, the growing protein meal supplies probably will exist in the form of

increasing oilseed crushing demand to produce more meals like China has done in the

past.

China’s protein meal production is projected to increase from 64.8 million metric tons in

2011 to 93.1 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 43.6 percent over the ten-year

period or 3.7 percent annually. Soybean meal will remain the dominant


154

protein meal supplied over the forecast period with its share staying around 75 percent.

Rapeseed meal ranks the second in protein meal supply in China with its share increasing

from 13.4 percent in 2011 to 14.2 percent in 2021. To sustain this kind of protein meal

supplies, it is projected that China will have to import much more soybeans and rapeseed

from the world market during the forecast period. China’s soybean imports are expected

to increase from 58.5 million metric tons in 2011 to 84.6 million in 2021 while China’s

rapeseed imports will grow from 2 million in 2011 to 4.8 million in 2021.

Exhibit 134: Projection of China’s Protein Meal Production

In addition to protein meal production, China is forecast to increase its protein meal

imports as well over the forecast period to meet the domestic demand for meal. Total

protein meal imports are projected to increase from 1.7 million metric tons in 2011 to 4.8

million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 191 percent over the ten-year period or 10.9

percent annually. Imports of protein meals are expected to largely come from rapeseed

meal and other protein meals, accounting for 44 percent and 30 percent of the total

protein meal imports in 2021 respectively.

Total protein meal feed demand is expected to grow from 60.6 million metric tons in

2011 to 93 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 53.4 percent over the forecast

period or 4.4 percent annually. Soybean meal accounts for the majority share of the

protein meal feed use, around 73 percent of the total protein meal feed use.


155

Exhibit 135: Projection of China’s Protein Meal Feed Use

6.6 Long Term Projection of Other Feed Ingredient Supply

Other feed ingredient supplies are expected to grow from 285 million metric tons in 2011

to 328 million 2021, an increase of 15 percent over the 10 year period. DDGS is expected

to see the most growth among those feed ingredients, projected to increase by 172

percent over the forecast period. With domestic DDGS production limited, most of the

increase in supply is expected to come from imports. In 2012, the Ministry of Commerce

stopped an anti-dumping investigation on US DDGS imports, which paves the way for

more imports of US DDGS in the future. Though it is projected that non-conventional

feed ingredient supplies will increase, consumption of some ingredients might not grow

as fast as supplies grow, or might even decline instead. The reason is that some of the

ingredients are mainly used by the backyard operators. Commercial operators pursue an

efficient feed-meat conversion ratio, which means they tend to use corn and soybean

meal rather than alternative feed ingredients to efficiently produce meat.


156

Exhibit 136: Projection of Other Feed Ingredient Supply (1,000 MT)


157

VII. Outlook for China’s Meat Supply and Demand

7.1 China’s Long-term Pork Supply and Demand

China’s rapid economic growth will continue to drive increases in domestic meat

consumption, and thus lead to further development of the hog industry. Even though the

Chinese Ministry of Agriculture has encouraged cattle and sheep/lamb production to

reduce the growing pressure on feed grain supplies from hog and poultry production,

Chinese meat preferences and meat availability determine that pork will remain the

dominant meat source.

China’s pork output is projected to reach 55.6 million metric tons by 2016, up 10 percent

from 2011. Its pork output is forecasted to reach 60.7 million metric tons by 2021, up 20

percent from 2011’s level.

Exhibit 137: China’s Pork Supply and Demand Projection (1,000 MT)

Pork is expected to remain the dominant meat for consumption over the next ten years.

By 2021, pork consumption is expected to account for about 62 percent of the total meat

consumption in China. Chinese per capita consumption is projected to reach 44.2

kilograms by 2021, which is slightly above the EU’s current per capita pork consumption

but below Hong Kong’s 76.7 kilogram per capita consumption.

In early 2009, the Chinese government implemented a new policy to stabilize hog prices,

and in turn stabilize pork supplies. The core of this new policy focuses on securing stable

domestic pork supplies in the future. Based on this policy, it is expected that China will

mainly rely on increasing its own pork production to satisfy increasing domestic demand

for pork through 2021. However, China is expected to become a net pork importer due to

limitations in raw feed supplies and will gradually increase its pork imports over the

forecast period. It is projected that China’s pork imports will grow to 1 million metric

tons by 2021 (carcass equivalent weight), up 252,000 from 2011 or up 33.2 percent in ten

years. However, China is expected to be largely self-sufficient in pork supplies over the

forecast period, with imports only fulfilling about 1.6 percent of total pork consumption.

2001 2006 2010 2011 2016 2021

Beginning Inventories 0 0 233 264 403 570

Production 40,517 46,505 50,712 50,531 55,580 60,657

Imports 76 53 415 758 835 1,010

Total Supply 40,593 46,558 51,360 51,553 56,818 62,238

Exports 223 544 278 244 250 250

Domestic Consumption 40,370 46,014 50,819 51,024 56,134 61,381

Total Use 40,593 46,558 51,097 51,268 56,384 61,631

Ending Inventories 0 0 264 285 435 607


158

Meanwhile, China is expected to export some pork over the forecast period, mainly in the

form of premium cuts. By 2021, total pork exports are expected to be 250,000 metric

tons, only about half of what achieved from 2004 to 2006. Most Chinese pork exports

are expected to go to nearby regions such as Hong Kong and Macao, and other

neighboring countries.

7.2 China’s Long-term Beef Supply and Demand

Cattle production is viewed by the Chinese government as grain conservative meat

production in China. With the domestic feed ingredient balance becoming tight, it is

expected that the Chinese government will encourage more beef production in the future.

Per capita beef consumption has been increasing over the past ten years as people’s living

standards have improved and they have diversified their dietary intake. Per capita

consumption is expected to trend higher over the next ten years.

Chinese beef production is projected to grow from 6.5 million metric tons in 2011 to 7.3

million metric tons in 2016, up 13.1 percent in five years. Beef production is forecast to

grow to 8 million metric tons by 2021, up 24.2 percent from 2011.

Exhibit 138: China’s Beef Supply and Demand Projection (1,000 MT)

2001 2006 2010 2011 2016 2021


Production 5,086 5,767 6,531 6,475 7,320 8,045

Imports 19 10 40 28 80 130

Total Supply 5,105 5,777 6,571 6,503 7,400 8,175

Exports 53 85 51 55 40 25


Total Use 5,105 5,777 6,571 6,503 7,400 8,175


Beef is expected to remain the third largest meat consumed in China. Beef consumption

is forecast to grow from 6.4 million metric tons in 2011 to 8.2 million metric tons in

2021, still accounting for only about 8.3 percent of total meat consumption in China.

Chinese per capita consumption is projected to reach 5.9 kilograms by 2021, which is

right around the Taiwanese per capita consumption level in 2011 but well below the US

per capita level of 37.5 kilograms. Lack of Western-style beef cooking and limited

domestic supply probably will be the restricting factor for increasing beef consumption in

China. With proper promotion of Western-style beef cooking and demand by China’s

younger generation, there is a risk that beef consumption could be significantly higher

than currently projected.


159

China has been a net beef exporter in the past. However, as domestic consumption grows,

China is expected to become a net beef importer over the next ten years. Total beef

imports are expected to increase from 28,000 metric tons in 2011 to 130,000 metric tons

in 2021, up 364 percent in ten years. Still, imports are forecast to account for less than 1

percent of Chinese beef supplies.

7.3 China’s Long-term Lamb/Mutton Supply and Demand

Like beef, lamb/mutton production in China is viewed by the Chinese government as

grain conservative meat-producing method. Lamb/mutton used to be consumed in the

winter season in China as most Chinese believed that lamb/mutton produce more heat

inside their bodies. However, with the wide adoption of fondue dieting style,

lamb/mutton is consumed along with beef year round for family and friends gathering

events. As a result, lamb/mutton consumption is gaining popularity across the country.

Lamb/mutton consumption is expected to grow over the next ten years with rising income

and diversifying diets.

Chinese lamb/mutton production is projected to grow from 3.9 million metric tons in

2011 to 4.4 million metric tons in 2016, up 11.1 percent in five years. Lamb/mutton

output is forecast to grow to 4.7 million metric tons by 2021, up 20.2 percent from 2011.

Exhibit 139: China’s Lamb/Mutton Supply and Demand Projection (1,000 MT)

Lamb/mutton consumption is forecast to increase from 4 million metric tons in 2011 to

4.8 million in 2021, accounting for about 4.9 percent of total meat consumption in China.

Chinese per capita consumption is projected to increase from 3 kilograms in 2011 to 3.5

kilograms by 2021.

China was a net lamb/mutton importer over the past ten years. The import pattern is

expected to be sustained and grow over the forecast period. Total lamb/mutton imports

are projected to increase from 83,000 metric tons in 2011 to 118,000 metric tons in 2021.

Chinese lamb/mutton exports have declined over the past ten years. For the next ten

years, Chinese lamb/mutton exports are expected to drop to zero because the rising

2001 2006 2010 2011 2016 2021


Production 2,718 3,638 3,989 3,931 4,369 4,727

Imports 25 37 57 83 95 118

Total Supply 2,744 3,675 4,046 4,014 4,463 4,845

Exports 3 33 13 8 0 0


Total Use 2,744 3,675 4,046 4,014 4,463 4,845



160

domestic demand will tighten domestic supplies.

7.4 China’s Long-term Poultry Meat Supply and Demand

Poultry meat is the second largest meat produced in China, only behind pork. Due to the

efficient feed-meat conversion ratio, the growth of poultry meat production has been

fastest among all major meats, especially in the white broiler sector. As a result, its share

of total meats increased from 19.5 percent in 2001 to 21.9 percent in 2011. Over the next

ten years, poultry meat production is expected to continue to grow at a faster rate than

other major meats.

Chinese poultry meat production is projected to grow from 17.1 million metric tons in

2011 to 20.2 million metric tons in 2016, up 18.3 percent in five years. Production is

forecast to grow to 23.3 million metric tons by 2021, up 36.3 percent from 2011.

Exhibit 140: China’s Poultry Meat Supply and Demand Projection (1,000 MT)

Poultry meat is expected to remain one of the most important meats for consumption over

the next decade. Consumption is projected to grow from 17 million metric tons in 2011

to 23.8 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of 39.5 percent over the decade. By

2021, poultry meat consumption is expected to account for 24.2 percent of total meat

consumed in China. Per capita consumption is projected to reach 17.1 kilograms by

2021, which is above Japan and South Korea’s per capita consumption of 16.4 kilograms

in 2011 but way below the per capita consumption level of the US at 51.3 kilograms.

China has mostly been a small net poultry meat importer in the past. China usually

imports cheap poultry meat cuts while exporting premium cuts such as chicken breast.

This behavior is expected to largely be maintained over the forecast period. China’s

poultry meat imports are projected to increase from 421,000 metric tons in 2011 to

752,000 metric tons in 2021, an increase of 78.6 percent in ten years. China’s poultry

meat exports are forecast to decline from 484,000 metric tons in 2011 to 340,000 metric

tons in 2021 due to the growing domestic demand for poultry meat.

2001 2006 2010 2011 2016 2021


Production 11,761 13,631 16,561 17,090 20,226 23,348

Imports 707 588 542 421 612 752

Total Supply 12,468 14,220 17,103 17,511 20,838 24,100

Exports 531 372 435 484 440 340


Total Use 12,468 14,220 17,103 17,511 20,838 24,100



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VIII. Conclusions: China’s Meat Supply and Demand Summary

8.1 China’s Meat Supply and Demand Outlook for the Next Decade

China’s aggregate meat production including pork, beef, lamb/mutton, poultry meat and

other meats is projected to increase from 78.2 million metric tons in 2011 to 97 million

metric tons in 2021, an increase of 18.8 million metric tons or 24 percent in ten years.

China’s per capita aggregate meat consumption is projected to increase from 58.8

kilograms per person in 2011 to 70.9 kilograms in 2021, an increase of 12 kilograms over

the ten-year period. This level is still below the current per capita meat consumption of

115.6 kilograms in the US, 98.5 kilograms in Australia, 82.1 kilograms in the EU and

72.3 kilograms in Taiwan. China’s aggregate meat consumption is forecast to increase

from 78.7 million metric tons in 2011 to 98.3 million metric tons in 2021, an increase of

19.7 million metric tons or 25 percent in ten years.

8.2 Assessment of the Potential for China to Become a Major Meat Importer

The Chinese government’s current mindset is still to maintain self-sufficiency in meat

supply while allowing more oilseed and feed grain imports. In the short-term, it is not

expected that this policy will quickly change because meats such as pork comprise a

major component of CPI. However, with limited domestic feed grain and protein meal

supplies and rising demand for meats, China is expected to gradually become a large

scale meat importer. It is forecast that Chinese aggregate meat imports will increase from

1.3 million metric tons in 2011 to slightly over 2 million metric tons in 2021, an increase

of 56.2 percent in ten years, equivalent to 8.1 of current world total meat exports. During

the course of interviews, it was found that Chinese government officials now have

become more receptive to the ideas that China probably needs to diversify its imports

rather than trying to confine the imports only to a few items such as soybeans and corn.

Increasing meat imports and reducing reliance on feed grain and oilseed import could

become an alternative for Chinese policy makers down the road.

8.3 Implications to World Meat Trade

China’s meat consumption is expected to continue to grow over the forecast period as per

capita income improves and the country continues the process of urbanization. The

limitation of land and water resources compels China to rely on some meat imports to

meet the growing domestic demand. Forecasts of Chinese meat imports assume that there

are no major future disruptions in domestic meat supplies. Under that scenario, China still

need to import slightly over 2 million metric tons of meats by 2021 with half of the

imports being pork. However, with household operations still dominating China’s meat

production, changes in government policies and epidemic diseases could easily disrupt

domestic meat supplies over the forecast period. Therefore, there is a potential scenario

where China’s meat imports could be substantially higher than the current projection. If

there is a policy failure or severe outbreaks of epidemic diseases, domestic meat supplies

could easily be reduced by several million metric tons, similar to the results of


162

past events. If China decides to resolve its meat deficit by turning to the world market,

this would have a huge influence on world meat prices and meat trade.

8.4 Major Implications to World Feed Grain Trade

Relatively recently, China was a major corn exporter, competing with the US and South

America for the Asian market. With the rapid growth in feed grain demand from the

livestock industry due to the transformation from traditional backyard production to

specialized household and commercial production, China turned from a net corn exporter

into a net corn importer in 2011, with total imports during the crop year at about 5.5

million metric tons. Total corn imports are projected to increase to 15 million metric tons

by 2016 and 33 million metric tons by 2021. As a result, China would have a major

influence on world corn prices, especially as a steady net importer. In addition to corn,

China will import a significant amount of wheat as well, estimated around 11.3 million

metric tons by 2021, with a large portion of this being feed wheat.

8.5 Major Implications for World Oilseed Trade

The phenomenal growth of China’s soybean imports over the past ten years was largely

driven by the livestock and poultry sectors’ demands for protein meal. As discussed in

this study, the rapidly growing numbers of specialized household operations and

commercial operations were the driving force behind this demand for protein meal. The

high protein and balanced nutritious content make soybean meal the favorite protein meal

for feed production. Availability in sizable volumes also makes soybean meal the better

choice for feed production, as other protein meals would meet less than one-third of total

meal demand.

Based on the projection of meat production over the forecast period, soybean meal feed

consumption could rise to 67.5 million metric tons in 2021, which is equivalent to 84.4

million metric tons of soybean consumption. China will need to import this volume of

soybeans from the world market by 2021. As a result, China will remain a dominant

influence over world soybean prices.

In addition, China’s rapeseed imports could be doubled over the next ten years to 4.8

million metric tons in 2021. This is equivalent to over one third of today’s total rapeseed

traded in the world. China will obviously be a major market mover in the rapeseed

market as well over the next ten years. With such a large quantity to import, any

fluctuation in supply within a year could swing oilseed prices away from their normal

range, and increase business risks for all parties involved in the oilseed trade.

CHINA’S GROWING APPETITE

FOR MEATS: IMPLICATIONS FOR

WORLD COMMODITIES TRADE

Appendix

September 2012

China’s Growing Appetite for Meat – Appendix

i

List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: Pork Production by Province (1,000 MT) .......................................................... 1

Exhibit 2: Beef Production by Province (1,000 MT) .......................................................... 2 Exhibit 3: Lamb/Mutton Production by Province (1,000 MT) ........................................... 3 Exhibit 4: Poultry Meat Production by Province (1,000 MT) ............................................ 4 Exhibit 5: Egg Production by Province (1,000 MT) ........................................................... 5 Exhibit 6: Cow Milk Production by Province (1,000 MT) ................................................. 6

Exhibit 7: Total Feed Production by Province (1,000 MT) ................................................ 7 Exhibit 8: Compound Feed Production by Province (1,000 MT) ....................................... 8 Exhibit 9: Concentrated Feed Production by Province (1,000 MT) ................................... 9 Exhibit 10: Premix Production by Province (1,000 MT) .................................................. 10

Exhibit 11: Corn Area by Province (1,000 Hectares) ....................................................... 11 Exhibit 12: Corn Production by Province (1,000 MT) ..................................................... 12

Exhibit 13: Wheat Area by Province (1,000 Hectares)..................................................... 13 Exhibit 14: Wheat Production by Province (1,000 MT) ................................................... 14

Exhibit 15: Rice Area by Province (1,000 Hectares) ........................................................ 15 Exhibit 16: Rice Production by Province (1,000 MT) ...................................................... 16 Exhibit 17: Soybean Meal Production by Province (1,000 MT) ...................................... 17

Exhibit 18: Live Hog Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 18 Exhibit 19: Live Hog Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 18

Exhibit 20: Live Hog Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 19 Exhibit 21: Live Hog Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 19 Exhibit 22: Live Hog Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 20

Exhibit 23: Live Hog Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 20

Exhibit 24: Live Hog Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 21

Exhibit 25: Live Hog Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 21 Exhibit 26: Live Hog Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 22

Exhibit 27: Live Hog Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 22 Exhibit 28: Live Hog Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 23 Exhibit 29: Live Hog Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ................................................................... 23

Exhibit 30: Feeder Pig Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 24 Exhibit 31: Feeder Pig Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 24 Exhibit 32: Feeder Pig Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 25 Exhibit 33: Feeder Pig Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 25 Exhibit 34: Feeder Pig Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 26

Exhibit 35: Feeder Pig Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 26 Exhibit 36: Feeder Pig Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 27

Exhibit 37: Feeder Pig Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 27 Exhibit 38: Feeder Pig Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 28

Exhibit 39: Feeder Pig Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 28 Exhibit 40: Feeder Pig Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 29 Exhibit 41: Feeder Pig Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ................................................................. 29 Exhibit 42: Pork Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 30 Exhibit 43: Pork Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 30


ii

Exhibit 44: Pork Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 31

Exhibit 45: Pork Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 31 Exhibit 46: Pork Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 32 Exhibit 47: Pork Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 32

Exhibit 48: Pork Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 33 Exhibit 49: Pork Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 33 Exhibit 50: Pork Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 34 Exhibit 51: Pork Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 34 Exhibit 52: Pork Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 35

Exhibit 53: Pork Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 35 Exhibit 54: Beef Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 36 Exhibit 55: Beef Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 36 Exhibit 56: Beef Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 37

Exhibit 57: Beef Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 37 Exhibit 58: Beef Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 38


Exhibit 61: Beef Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 39 Exhibit 62: Beef Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 40 Exhibit 63: Beef Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................... 40


Exhibit 66: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 42 Exhibit 67: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 42 Exhibit 68: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 43

Exhibit 69: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 43

Exhibit 70: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 44 Exhibit 71: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 44 Exhibit 72: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 45

Exhibit 73: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 45 Exhibit 74: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 46

Exhibit 75: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 46 Exhibit 76: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 47

Exhibit 77: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ............................................................ 47 Exhibit 78: Live Chicken Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 48 Exhibit 79: Live Chicken Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 48 Exhibit 80: Live Chicken Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 49 Exhibit 81: Live Chicken Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 49

Exhibit 82: Live Chicken Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 50

Exhibit 83: Live Chicken Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 50

Exhibit 84: Live Chicken Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 51 Exhibit 85: Live Chicken Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 51 Exhibit 86: Live Chicken Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 52 Exhibit 87: Live Chicken Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 52 Exhibit 88: Live Chicken Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 53 Exhibit 89: Live Chicken Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ............................................................. 53


iii

Exhibit 90: Broiler Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 54

Exhibit 91: Broiler Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 54 Exhibit 92: Broiler Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 55 Exhibit 93: Broiler Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 55

Exhibit 94: Broiler Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 56 Exhibit 95: Broiler Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 56 Exhibit 96: Broiler Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 57 Exhibit 97: Broiler Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 57 Exhibit 98: Broiler Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 58

Exhibit 99: Broiler Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ....................................................................... 58 Exhibit 100: Broiler Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) ..................................................................... 59 Exhibit 101: Broiler Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ..................................................................... 59 Exhibit 102: Egg Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) .......................................................................... 60

Exhibit 103: Egg Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) .......................................................................... 60 Exhibit 104: Egg Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) .......................................................................... 61


Exhibit 107: Egg Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) .......................................................................... 62 Exhibit 108: Egg Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) .......................................................................... 63 Exhibit 109: Egg Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) .......................................................................... 63


Exhibit 112: Egg Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) .......................................................................... 65 Exhibit 113: Egg Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) .......................................................................... 65 Exhibit 114: Corn Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 66

Exhibit 115: Corn Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 66

Exhibit 116: Corn Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 67 Exhibit 117: Corn Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 67 Exhibit 118: Corn Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 68

Exhibit 119: Corn Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 68 Exhibit 120: Corn Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 69

Exhibit 121: Corn Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 69 Exhibit 122: Corn Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 70

Exhibit 123: Corn Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 70 Exhibit 124: Corn Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 71 Exhibit 125: Corn Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ........................................................................ 71 Exhibit 126: Soybean Meal Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 72 Exhibit 127: Soybean Meal Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 72

Exhibit 128: Soybean Meal Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 73


Exhibit 130: Soybean Meal Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 74 Exhibit 131: Soybean Meal Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 74 Exhibit 132: Soybean Meal Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 75 Exhibit 133: Soybean Meal Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 75 Exhibit 134: Soybean Meal Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 76 Exhibit 135: Soybean Meal Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 76


iv


Exhibit 137: Soybean Meal Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ......................................................... 77 Exhibit 138: Fishmeal Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 78 Exhibit 139: Fishmeal Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 78

Exhibit 140: Fishmeal Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 79 Exhibit 141: Fishmeal Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 79 Exhibit 142: Fishmeal Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 80 Exhibit 143: Fishmeal Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 80 Exhibit 144: Fishmeal Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 81

Exhibit 145: Fishmeal Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 81 Exhibit 146: Fishmeal Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 82 Exhibit 147: Fishmeal Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 82 Exhibit 148: Fishmeal Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 83

Exhibit 149: Fishmeal Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) .................................................................. 83 Exhibit 150: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 84

Exhibit 151: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 84 Exhibit 152: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 85

Exhibit 153: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 85 Exhibit 154: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 86 Exhibit 155: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 86

Exhibit 156: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 87 Exhibit 157: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 87

Exhibit 158: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 88 Exhibit 159: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 88 Exhibit 160: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 89

Exhibit 161: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) .............................................. 89

Exhibit 162: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 90 Exhibit 163: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 90 Exhibit 164: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 91

Exhibit 165: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 91 Exhibit 166: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 92

Exhibit 167: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 92 Exhibit 168: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 93

Exhibit 169: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 93 Exhibit 170: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 94 Exhibit 171: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 94 Exhibit 172: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 95 Exhibit 173: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) ......................................... 95

Exhibit 174: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) .................................... 96

Exhibit 175: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2001 (yuan/kg) .................................... 96

Exhibit 176: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2002 (yuan/kg) .................................... 97 Exhibit 177: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2003 (yuan/kg) .................................... 97 Exhibit 178: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2004 (yuan/kg) .................................... 98 Exhibit 179: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2005 (yuan/kg) .................................... 98 Exhibit 180: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2006 (yuan/kg) .................................... 99 Exhibit 181: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2007 (yuan/kg) .................................... 99


v

Exhibit 182: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2008 (yuan/kg) .................................. 100

Exhibit 183: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2009 (yuan/kg) .................................. 100 Exhibit 184: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2010 (yuan/kg) .................................. 101 Exhibit 185: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2011 (yuan/kg) .................................. 101


1

Exhibit 1: Pork Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 46,505 42,878 46,205 48,908 50,712 50,531

Beijing 219 224 223 241 241 242

Tianjin 218 205 235 257 280 276

Hebei 2,681 2,255 2,458 2,536 2,452 2,466

Shanxi 495 441 454 507 531 522

Inner Mongolia 703 603 647 686 719 713

Liaoning 1,849 1,910 2,100 2,188 2,284 2,259

Jilin 989 964 1,046 1,132 1,198 1,220

Heilongjiang 949 921 966 1,082 1,145 1,169

Shanghai 162 152 173 176 179 191

Jiangsu 2,138 1,836 1,949 2,045 2,131 2,159

Zhejiang 1,128 1,114 1,269 1,282 1,319 1,358

Anhui 2,159 2,025 2,174 2,298 2,388 2,331

Fujian 1,344 1,219 1,366 1,429 1,466 1,466

Jiangxi 1,816 1,877 1,981 2,108 2,211 2,241

Shandong 3,451 3,001 3,213 3,413 3,532 3,469

Henan 3,913 3,390 3,671 3,896 4,083 4,064

Hubei 2,403 2,369 2,604 2,799 2,870 2,905

Hunan 3,955 3,485 3,702 3,954 4,124 4,061

Guangdong 2,507 2,354 2,540 2,621 2,755 2,710

Guangxi 2,103 2,062 2,184 2,323 2,415 2,398

Hainan 320 326 369 397 412 422

Chongqing 1,401 1,303 1,407 1,465 1,476 1,486

Sichuan 4,463 4,085 4,362 4,742 4,922 4,848

Guizhou 1,285 1,256 1,346 1,401 1,481 1,483

Yunnan 2,320 2,036 2,196 2,308 2,425 2,439

Tibet 13 12 12 12 13 14

Shaanxi 677 702 735 750 791 773

Gansu 455 418 429 458 463 458

Qinghai 79 76 87 92 92 92

Ningxia 100 83 85 92 85 73

Xinjiang 210 175 223 220 230 225


2

Exhibit 2: Beef Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 5,767 6,134 6,132 6,355 6,531 6,475

Beijing 28 28 21 21 20 21

Tianjin 47 39 37 36 31 31

Hebei 692 577 568 553 581 545

Shanxi 55 39 42 48 49 45

Inner Mongolia 294 394 431 474 497 497

Liaoning 341 382 377 402 416 420

Jilin 408 476 400 418 432 434

Heilongjiang 248 332 326 368 390 393

Shanghai 0 0 0 0 0 0

Jiangsu 42 28 30 33 35 36

Zhejiang 10 10 10 10 11 12

Anhui 264 171 171 175 183 178

Fujian 23 21 21 22 23 24

Jiangxi 83 73 106 109 112 117

Shandong 624 692 707 696 687 662

Henan 840 821 841 840 830 820

Hubei 124 157 161 170 177 182

Hunan 143 146 146 157 163 162

Guangdong 56 53 58 61 63 66

Guangxi 142 117 125 134 137 143

Hainan 24 20 22 23 22 24

Chongqing 49 42 52 59 63 67

Sichuan 228 286 287 289 294 289

Guizhou 106 95 102 114 120 120

Yunnan 186 248 261 280 299 307

Tibet 104 142 142 142 148 148

Shaanxi 97 76 76 78 73 74

Gansu 112 145 148 151 161 161

Qinghai 59 145 73 81 85 87

Ningxia 48 65 68 73 75 75

Xinjiang 292 314 324 339 355 338


3

Exhibit 3: Lamb/Mutton Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 3,638 3,826 3,803 3,894 3,989 3,931

Beijing 23 19 15 14 14 13

Tianjin 22 14 14 15 15 15

Hebei 274 243 265 280 293 284

Shanxi 60 52 51 56 56 56

Inner Mongolia 628 808 848 882 892 872

Liaoning 59 70 73 78 79 79

Jilin 34 44 35 36 38 39

Heilongjiang 93 104 105 116 121 118


Jiangsu 139 71 70 75 74 73

Zhejiang 28 21 18 17 19 18

Anhui 136 132 134 138 142 142

Fujian 18 14 16 17 18 19

Jiangxi 13 11 12 11 11 11

Shandong 284 330 332 329 327 325

Henan 396 253 265 259 252 248

Hubei 50 61 73 78 81 80

Hunan 101 103 106 110 106 102

Guangdong 6 7 8 9 9 9

Guangxi 32 27 29 32 33 32

Hainan 11 9 10 11 11 11

Chongqing 31 16 18 21 24 26

Sichuan 162 238 240 243 248 239

Guizhou 47 28 30 32 34 34

Yunnan 88 102 115 121 129 130

Tibet 62 82 83 84 87 86

Shaanxi 79 70 74 73 73 67

Gansu 111 146 154 156 156 154

Qinghai 74 87 87 88 98 99

Ningxia 56 57 59 68 73 79

Xinjiang 519 605 460 438 470 464


4

Exhibit 4: Poultry Meat Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Nation 13,442 13,631 14,476 15,336 15,945 16,561

Beijing 267 181 206 191 179 186

Tianjin 125 91 77 82 93 96

Hebei 1,001 689 755 781 673 699

Shanxi 43 40 36 71 68 71

Inner Mongolia 305 173 173 188 190 198

Liaoning 1,021 931 1,054 1,108 1,174 1,219

Jilin 925 746 771 637 635 659

Heilongjiang 288 252 267 274 289 301

Shanghai 125 92 85 72 67 69

Jiangsu 1,046 1,022 1,074 1,128 1,277 1,327

Zhejiang 333 323 334 392 377 392

Anhui 732 835 885 941 1,002 1,041

Fujian 254 221 231 262 253 263

Jiangxi 484 466 475 493 531 551

Shandong 2,586 2,135 2,052 2,232 2,300 2,389

Henan 875 766 855 935 1,018 1,058

Hubei 481 478 507 556 634 658

Hunan 542 452 470 491 514 534

Guangdong 1,137 1,185 1,373 1,462 1,473 1,530

Guangxi 335 945 1,053 1,137 1,203 1,249

Hainan 154 164 175 192 209 217

Chongqing 222 187 201 261 298 310

Sichuan 703 677 770 808 814 846

Guizhou 120 122 117 126 136 141

Yunnan 206 232 252 284 320 332

Tibet 1 1 1 1 1

Shaanxi 102 80 83 90 73 76

Gansu 43 40 42 40 40 42

Qinghai 4 3 4 5 5 5

Ningxia 32 21 20 21 19 20

Xinjiang 150 79 78 75 80 83


5

Exhibit 5: Egg Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Nation 24,381 24,240 25,290 27,022 27,425 27,627

Beijing 135 125 156 152 154 151

Tianjin 199 190 194 197 196 187

Hebei 3,886 3,827 3,964 4,110 3,532 3,391

Shanxi 482 431 473 616 753 705

Inner Mongolia 391 414 430 455 489 500

Liaoning 1,897 1,954 2,041 2,542 2,631 2,757

Jilin 847 831 863 871 986 956

Heilongjiang 870 886 914 937 1,019 1,053

Shanghai 71 56 55 62 80 63

Jiangsu 1,541 1,527 1,661 1,721 1,852 1,906

Zhejiang 377 346 379 414 433 443

Anhui 1,034 1,017 1,086 1,121 1,182 1,190

Fujian 372 370 397 330 288 263

Jiangxi 356 356 364 400 414 420

Shandong 3,741 3,543 3,599 3,650 3,771 3,843

Henan 3,178 3,298 3,367 3,717 3,829 3,886

Hubei 1,027 1,027 1,103 1,241 1,289 1,326

Hunan 780 784 856 875 889 917

Guangdong 281 286 298 324 339 344

Guangxi 150 155 168 179 193 200

Hainan 23 21 22 31 32 35

Chongqing 332 304 323 413 360 372

Sichuan 1,331 1,413 1,452 1,430 1,441 1,444

Guizhou 94 100 103 108 122 125

Yunnan 161 169 180 194 208 208

Tibet 3 3 3 3 3 3

Shaanxi 413 411 433 482 481 471

Gansu 123 122 124 119 139 138

Qinghai 12 12 13 14 15 16

Ningxia 66 52 57 64 75 72

Xinjiang 212 212 213 249 232 244


6

Exhibit 6: Cow Milk Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 31,934 35,252 35,558 35,188 35,756 36,578

Beijing 619 622 664 674 641 640

Tianjin 683 672 698 683 690 694

Hebei 4,076 4,894 5,045 4,515 4,398 4,574

Shanxi 811 812 682 725 732 742

Inner Mongolia 8,692 9,098 9,122 9,031 9,052 8,998

Liaoning 937 1,051 1,012 1,100 1,212 1,267

Jilin 345 473 397 445 435 456

Heilongjiang 4,603 5,084 5,084 5,287 5,525 5,449

Shanghai 221 220 233 212 247 291

Jiangsu 584 602 611 554 573 592

Zhejiang 255 237 225 199 203 199

Anhui 128 181 181 201 205 225

Fujian 170 163 145 152 154 155

Jiangxi 139 112 112 112 114 123

Shandong 2,158 2,190 2,305 2,363 2,531 2,622

Henan 1,477 2,156 2,791 2,819 2,909 3,051

Hubei 139 155 155 155 140 174

Hunan 73 77 77 77 78 81

Guangdong 122 126 130 140 142 143

Guangxi 63 70 75 81 82 89

Hainan 1 1 2 2 2 2

Chongqing 83 87 78 79 80 80

Sichuan 620 650 661 682 698 714

Guizhou 41 41 43 45 46 49

Yunnan 364 423 447 484 504 535

Tibet 216 230 230 230 233 242

Shaanxi 1,274 1,490 1,490 1,492 1,375 1,477

Gansu 359 347 347 377 363 377

Qinghai 238 250 253 253 262 284

Ningxia 647 775 892 811 845 960

Xinjiang 1,798 1,962 1,374 1,209 1,286 1,296


7

Exhibit 7: Total Feed Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 110,589 123,309 136,666 148,132 162,017 180,626

Beijing 2,322 2,549 2,974 3,039 3,416 3,416

Tianjin 1,614 1,963 1,936 2,027 2,237 2,544

Hebei 7,452 8,351 8,432 9,101 10,864 11,501

Shanxi 2,015 2,112 2,304 2,411 2,796 3,128

Inner Mongolia 1,541 1,885 2,061 2,372 2,551 3,150

Liaoning 7,510 8,024 8,972 10,383 11,231 12,162

Jilin 3,100 3,417 3,563 4,250 4,239 4,604

Heilongjiang 5,600 5,700 6,000 6,304 6,572 6,829

Shanghai 1,113 1,155 1,415 1,443 1,486 1,520

Jiangsu 4,358 5,530 6,212 6,384 6,876 8,238

Zhejiang 3,934 4,229 4,383 4,518 4,775 5,164

Anhui 1,693 2,146 2,506 2,461 2,947 4,189

Fujian 2,455 2,994 3,558 4,270 5,193 6,203

Jiangxi 3,302 3,599 4,000 4,608 5,016 5,501

Shandong 11,506 13,718 15,889 16,767 18,196 20,504

Henan 8,052 8,521 9,392 10,468 11,542 12,622

Hubei 4,013 4,275 4,542 4,731 4,963 5,280

Hunan 6,209 6,872 7,884 8,560 9,149 10,060

Guangdong 13,012 14,037 16,456 17,528 18,807 20,952

Guangxi 3,498 3,964 4,929 5,761 6,827 8,068

Hainan 1,131 1,226 1,449 1,599 1,766 1,969

Chongqing 1,320 1,573 1,610 1,682 1,733 2,082

Sichuan 5,424 6,322 6,522 6,807 7,425 8,851

Guizhou 423 482 493 646 656 718

Yunnan 2,251 2,502 2,813 3,098 3,384 3,702

Tibet

Shaanxi 2,671 2,863 3,109 3,524 3,833 4,103

Gansu 1,132 1,161 1,178 1,232 1,304 1,350

Qinghai 100 93 125 109 128 87

Ningxia 537 610 650 698 720 721

Xinjiang 1,300 1,368 1,308 1,351 1,386 1,408


8

Exhibit 8: Compound Feed Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 81,168 93,189 105,902 115,345 129,742 149,150

Beijing 1,109 1,187 1,717 1,717 2,308 2,674

Tianjin 996 1,247 1,346 1,347 1,538 1,652

Hebei 5,791 6,644 6,727 7,357 9,133 9,675

Shanxi 1,095 1,226 1,334 1,422 1,766 2,099

Inner Mongolia 799 1,006 1,191 1,433 1,577 2,167

Liaoning 4,050 4,643 5,448 6,471 7,233 8,217

Jilin 1,650 1,827 1,952 2,423 2,687 2,993

Heilongjiang 2,600 2,700 2,950 3,126 3,277 3,475

Shanghai 884 912 1,077 1,104 1,138 1,168

Jiangsu 3,737 4,924 5,636 5,801 6,356 7,670

Zhejiang 3,760 4,022 4,154 4,270 4,525 4,921

Anhui 1,501 1,925 2,255 2,233 2,643 3,601

Fujian 2,287 2,749 3,260 3,929 4,847 5,819

Jiangxi 2,098 2,340 2,772 3,393 3,783 4,308

Shandong 8,648 11,276 14,299 15,207 16,726 18,911

Henan 5,141 5,450 5,567 6,455 7,442 9,782

Hubei 3,281 3,567 3,828 4,017 4,360 4,664

Hunan 4,510 5,303 6,289 6,966 7,575 8,656

Guangdong 12,461 13,496 15,785 16,711 17,998 20,101

Guangxi 3,186 3,609 4,543 5,301 6,400 7,665

Hainan 1,052 1,167 1,376 1,520 1,710 1,916

Chongqing 1,021 1,226 1,255 1,237 1,339 1,631

Sichuan 4,162 5,047 5,195 5,401 6,086 7,524

Guizhou 212 252 262 304 361 384

Yunnan 1,670 1,812 2,050 2,245 2,481 2,707

Tibet

Shaanxi 1,026 1,092 1,205 1,447 1,780 2,269

Gansu 727 704 637 660 746 789

Qinghai 95 78 113 109 127 85

Ningxia 459 526 538 576 600 439

Xinjiang 1,158 1,233 1,142 1,164 1,202 1,189


9

Exhibit 9: Concentrated Feed Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 24,559 24,912 25,305 26,863 26,482 25,425

Beijing 467 472 415 437 406 232

Tianjin 485 574 426 506 508 633

Hebei 1,541 1,588 1,589 1,624 1,600 1,690

Shanxi 887 853 921 940 978 972

Inner Mongolia 723 832 833 897 922 934

Liaoning 3,307 3,275 3,424 3,691 3,798 3,701

Jilin 1,400 1,449 1,525 1,747 1,473 1,563

Heilongjiang 2,590 2,780 2,800 2,923 3,032 3,086

Shanghai 79 81 138 138 141 141

Jiangsu 300 287 306 295 249 276

Zhejiang 40 48 50 56 54 55

Anhui 160 177 207 185 253 431

Fujian 42 61 85 82 87 119

Jiangxi 869 849 847 844 850 776

Shandong 2,445 2,029 1,152 1,090 967 919

Henan 2,749 2,901 3,561 3,680 3,742 2,473

Hubei 639 597 584 582 471 481

Hunan 1,342 1,171 1,111 1,108 1,076 904

Guangdong 206 221 278 307 290 323

Guangxi 291 280 304 377 353 321

Hainan 9 13 16 18 10 9

Chongqing 235 283 304 377 330 378

Sichuan 923 962 971 1,087 1,044 1,033

Guizhou 209 230 229 339 291 332

Yunnan 545 652 730 817 865 953

Tibet

Shaanxi 1,488 1,609 1,740 1,907 1,888 1,689

Gansu 400 451 536 563 550 553

Qinghai 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ningxia 66 71 78 88 101 267

Xinjiang 125 116 142 158 153 183


10

Exhibit 10: Premix Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 4,861 5,209 5,459 5,925 5,793 6,051

Beijing 746 890 842 885 701 509

Tianjin 133 143 164 175 192 260

Hebei 121 119 116 120 131 136

Shanxi 33 34 49 49 53 57

Inner Mongolia 19 48 37 42 52 49

Liaoning 152 105 100 222 200 244

Jilin 50 141 86 80 79 48

Heilongjiang 410 220 250 255 263 268

Shanghai 150 162 200 201 206 211

Jiangsu 321 319 270 288 271 293

Zhejiang 135 160 178 191 196 189

Anhui 31 43 44 43 51 157

Fujian 127 184 213 259 258 265

Jiangxi 335 410 381 370 383 417

Shandong 413 413 438 470 503 674

Henan 162 169 264 332 357 367

Hubei 94 112 129 133 132 135

Hunan 357 398 484 486 498 500

Guangdong 345 320 393 510 520 527

Guangxi 21 64 81 84 74 82

Hainan 70 52 57 61 46 45

Chongqing 63 137 51 68 65 72

Sichuan 340 313 356 319 295 294

Guizhou 2 1 1 3 3 2

Yunnan 35 38 33 36 38 42

Tibet

Shaanxi 157 162 165 171 165 145

Gansu 6 6 6 8 8 9

Qinghai 5 15 12 1 1 2

Ningxia 12 14 34 33 19 16

Xinjiang 17 19 23 29 32 36


11

Exhibit 11: Corn Area by Province (1,000 Hectares)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 28,463 29,478 29,864 31,183 32,500 33,542

Beijing 136 139 146 151 150 141

Tianjin 151 162 160 166 169 169

Hebei 2,800 2,863 2,841 2,950 3,009 3,036

Shanxi 1,260 1,270 1,379 1,451 1,549 1,647

Inner Mongolia 1,917 2,013 2,340 2,451 2,486 2,670

Liaoning 1,983 1,999 1,885 1,964 2,093 2,135

Jilin 2,881 2,854 2,923 2,957 3,047 3,134

Heilongjiang 3,305 3,884 3,594 4,010 4,368 4,587


Jiangsu 378 391 399 400 404 414

Zhejiang 22 24 26 27 27 31

Anhui 623 710 705 731 761 819

Fujian 33 35 37 38 40 43

Jiangxi 15 16 16 16 18 26

Shandong 2,844 2,854 2,874 2,917 2,955 2,996

Henan 2,752 2,779 2,820 2,895 2,946 3,025

Hubei 432 436 470 507 531 550

Hunan 196 220 241 282 293 327

Guangdong 119 133 143 167 162 173

Guangxi 516 490 490 535 539 566

Hainan 16 18 17 19 21 24

Chongqing 441 454 456 459 462 467

Sichuan 1,292 1,330 1,324 1,334 1,355 1,363

Guizhou 735 731 735 751 781 788

Yunnan 1,251 1,282 1,326 1,354 1,418 1,409

Tibet 3 3 4 4 4 4

Shaanxi 1,130 1,154 1,158 1,164 1,182 1,178

Gansu 518 492 557 658 835 839

Qinghai 2 2 2 5 12 20

Ningxia 182 206 209 217 223 231

Xinjiang 526 530 586 597 654 728


12

Exhibit 12: Corn Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 151,603 152,300 165,917 163,974 177,248 192,781

Beijing 729 765 880 898 842 903

Tianjin 797 851 843 887 927 944

Hebei 13,488 14,218 14,421 14,652 15,088 16,396

Shanxi 6,660 6,404 6,828 6,543 7,659 8,546

Inner Mongolia 11,300 11,553 14,108 13,413 14,658 16,321

Liaoning 12,115 11,678 11,890 9,631 11,505 13,603

Jilin 20,371 18,000 20,829 18,100 20,041 23,390

Heilongjiang 15,170 14,420 18,221 19,202 23,244 26,758

Shanghai 27 25 21 24 29 28

Jiangsu 1,970 1,973 2,030 2,162 2,185 2,262

Zhejiang 94 100 111 117 121 146

Anhui 2,677 2,500 2,866 3,047 3,127 3,626

Fujian 111 118 136 146 152 166

Jiangxi 61 64 66 73 84 105

Shandong 17,493 18,165 18,875 19,215 19,322 19,787

Henan 15,418 15,825 16,150 16,340 16,347 16,965

Hubei 2,038 2,051 2,264 2,441 2,610 2,762

Hunan 1,002 1,163 1,280 1,599 1,681 1,885

Guangdong 537 592 635 747 721 789

Guangxi 1,985 2,041 2,072 2,252 2,087 2,447

Hainan 61 70 70 80 91 103

Chongqing 2,005 2,342 2,460 2,445 2,516 2,570

Sichuan 5,531 6,028 6,370 6,430 6,690 7,016

Guizhou 3,367 3,571 3,912 4,052 4,154 2,437

Yunnan 4,780 4,986 5,297 5,427 6,129 5,982

Tibet 17 17 22 26 28 28

Shaanxi 4,561 4,939 4,836 5,261 5,322 5,507

Gansu 2,186 2,427 2,654 3,126 3,904 4,256

Qinghai 14 13 18 43 107 152

Ningxia 1,271 1,466 1,499 1,564 1,658 1,724

Xinjiang 3,767 3,937 4,253 4,034 4,216 5,177


13

Exhibit 13: Wheat Area by Province (1,000 Hectares)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 23,613 23,721 23,617 24,291 24,228 24,270

Beijing 63 41 64 61 56 58

Tianjin 103 105 108 110 97 112

Hebei 2,504 2,412 2,416 2,394 2,414 2,396

Shanxi 660 712 697 727 741 710

Inner Mongolia 484 533 452 528 566 568

Liaoning 8 12 10 9 8 7

Jilin 1 5 6 4 4 3

Heilongjiang 243 233 239 293 280 298

Shanghai 31 38 44 58 40 60

Jiangsu 1,913 2,039 2,073 2,078 2,100 2,112

Zhejiang 45 49 54 60 50 73

Anhui 2,308 2,330 2,347 2,355 2,370 2,383

Fujian 5 4 4 4 4 3

Jiangxi 12 11 10 10 10 11

Shandong 3,557 3,519 3,525 3,545 3,560 3,594

Henan 5,208 5,213 5,260 5,263 5,320 5,323

Hubei 1,017 1,096 1,001 993 1,000 1,014

Hunan 14 14 14 28 13 40


Guangxi 4 4 4 4 0 1

Hainan 0 0 0

Chongqing 165 200 189 168 200 138

Sichuan 1,287 1,317 1,287 1,278 1,289 1,259

Guizhou 244 243 262 263 190 258

Yunnan 438 427 425 432 382 438

Tibet 41 40 37 37 29 38

Shaanxi 1,159 1,145 1,140 1,146 1,220 1,137

Gansu 959 982 904 964 886 862

Qinghai 152 154 104 104 101 94

Ningxia 250 234 204 218 200 202

Xinjiang 737 606 736 1,154 1,098 1,078


14

Exhibit 14: Wheat Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 108,457 109,289 112,463 115,113 114,988 117,395

Beijing 300 204 327 310 266 284

Tianjin 499 506 525 540 490 542

Hebei 11,897 11,937 12,221 12,298 11,803 12,761

Shanxi 2,271 2,202 2,530 2,111 2,133 2,403

Inner Mongolia 1,722 1,756 1,540 1,712 1,652 1,709

Liaoning 31 53 49 45 37 37

Jilin 3 16 18 10 12 13

Heilongjiang 930 688 895 1,163 925 1,038

Shanghai 113 146 182 221 146 241

Jiangsu 9,016 9,738 9,982 10,044 10,101 10,232

Zhejiang 157 184 212 232 185 270

Anhui 10,390 11,113 11,680 11,772 11,969 12,157

Fujian 16 15 15 11 14 8

Jiangxi 20 20 19 19 18 22

Shandong 20,130 19,956 20,339 20,473 20,862 21,039

Henan 29,365 29,802 30,508 30,560 30,590 31,230

Hubei 3,111 3,532 3,292 3,317 3,360 3,448

Hunan 29 32 32 64 29 102


Guangxi 0 0 6 6 0 0

Hainan 0

Chongqing 476 611 582 517 584 424

Sichuan 4,436 4,517 4,268 4,233 4,823 4,360

Guizhou 451 479 428 445 361 504

Yunnan 930 912 830 923 766 989

Tibet 265 265 258 246 185 249

Shaanxi 3,901 3,591 3,915 3,831 4,099 4,109

Gansu 2,607 2,374 2,681 2,612 2,444 2,475

Qinghai 594 614 420 390 373 354

Ningxia 833 616 641 736 581 630

Xinjiang 3,962 3,413 4,065 6,271 6,179 5,766


15

Exhibit 15: Rice Area by Province (1,000 Hectares)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 28,938 28,919 29,241 29,557 29,873 30,057

Beijing 1 1 0 0 0 0

Tianjin 14 14 15 16 16 14

Hebei 89 85 82 85 80 83

Shanxi 1 1 1 1 1 1

Inner Mongolia 72 80 98 102 92 90

Liaoning 625 661 659 657 678 660

Jilin 656 670 659 660 674 691

Heilongjiang 1,992 2,253 2,391 2,461 2,769 2,946

Shanghai 111 109 109 108 108 106

Jiangsu 2,216 2,228 2,233 2,233 2,234 2,249

Zhejiang 995 954 937 916 923 895

Anhui 2,208 2,205 2,219 2,242 2,245 2,231

Fujian 891 869 861 891 855 845

Jiangxi 3,239 3,194 3,256 3,273 3,318 3,318

Shandong 127 131 131 135 128 125

Henan 571 600 605 611 628 638

Hubei 1,975 1,979 1,979 2,051 2,038 2,036

Hunan 3,932 3,897 3,932 3,969 4,031 4,066

Guangdong 1,942 1,939 1,947 1,960 1,953 1,941

Guangxi 2,238 2,127 2,119 2,145 2,094 2,079

Hainan 296 298 310 320 324 319

Chongqing 672 652 674 682 684 686

Sichuan 2,082 2,036 2,036 2,028 2,005 2,008

Guizhou 680 676 691 694 696 681

Yunnan 1,030 990 1,018 1,034 1,021 1,073

Tibet 1 1 1 1 1 1

Shaanxi 121 115 125 125 122 121

Gansu 5 5 6 6 6

Qinghai

Ningxia 88 77 80 78 83 84

Xinjiang 68 71 71 73 67 71


16

Exhibit 16: Rice Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 181,718 186,034 191,897 195,265 195,759 200,999

Beijing 4 3 3 2 2 2

Tianjin 103 100 105 113 112 107

Hebei 512 576 556 575 542 602

Shanxi 7 6 1 5 5 5

Inner Mongolia 518 602 705 648 748 779

Liaoning 4,266 5,050 5,056 5,060 4,576 5,051

Jilin 4,873 5,000 5,790 5,050 5,685 6,235

Heilongjiang 13,600 14,179 15,181 15,745 18,438 20,621

Shanghai 897 860 893 900 903 889

Jiangsu 17,780 17,611 17,720 18,030 18,078 18,642

Zhejiang 6,824 6,369 6,605 6,529 6,481 6,490

Anhui 13,331 13,564 13,835 14,057 13,834 13,871

Fujian 4,990 5,010 5,088 5,301 5,080 5,141

Jiangxi 18,088 18,064 18,621 19,114 18,582 19,501

Shandong 1,050 1,102 1,104 1,120 1,063 1,040

Henan 4,046 4,365 4,431 4,510 4,712 4,745

Hubei 14,379 14,859 15,336 16,042 15,578 16,169

Hunan 24,145 24,257 25,280 25,598 25,060 25,754

Guangdong 10,159 10,461 10,033 10,629 10,606 10,969

Guangxi 11,501 11,125 11,076 11,547 11,213 10,841

Hainan 1,342 1,364 1,439 1,522 1,385 1,451

Chongqing 3,449 4,916 5,294 5,113 5,186 4,935

Sichuan 13,367 14,197 14,976 15,210 15,121 15,271

Guizhou 4,242 4,498 4,611 4,506 4,457 3,039

Yunnan 6,129 5,897 6,210 6,342 6,166 6,687

Tibet 6 6 5 5 6 6

Shaanxi 712 730 831 825 810 845

Gansu 40 34 38 39 41 0

Qinghai 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ningxia 766 605 664 646 700 708

Xinjiang 593 625 410 483 590 605


17

Exhibit 17: Soybean Meal Production by Province (1,000 MT)

Province 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Nation 27,463 30,548 33,182 40,292 43,655 48,378

Beijing 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tianjin 1,200 1,560 2,140 2,780 3,560 4,250

Hebei 1,850 2,210 2,300 2,420 2,400 2,400

Shanxi 32 40 40 40 24 26

Inner Mongolia 65 70 65 65 40 43

Liaoning 2,000 2,400 2,450 2,850 3,000 3,650

Jilin 480 485 500 520 530 520

Heilongjiang 1,420 1,300 950 3,000 2,650 3,100

Shanghai 340 360 350 360 390 433

Jiangsu 5,450 5,700 6,200 6,850 7,290 7,550

Zhejiang 1,100 1,123 1,320 1,640 1,590 2,460

Anhui 160 200 250 350 390 400

Fujian 1,000 1,200 1,530 2,100 2,160 2,560

Jiangxi 89 80 85 92 97 97

Shandong 4,560 5,070 5,400 5,860 6,996 7,540

Henan 1,220 1,400 1,430 1,600 1,823 2,000

Hubei 480 440 400 490 486 560

Hunan 360 380 380 450 445 486

Guangdong 3,350 3,750 4,100 4,820 5,048 5,280

Guangxi 2,000 2,300 2,550 3,000 3,600 3,750

Hainan 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chongqing 41 200 240 320 360 400

Sichuan 80 100 310 470 517 590

Guizhou 22 25 24 28 32 40

Yunnan 10 11 16 16 16 24

Tibet 0 0 0 0 0 0

Shaanxi 120 110 120 140 162 170

Gansu 16 16 16 15 24 24

Qinghai 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ningxia 8 9 8 8 12 12

Xinjiang 10 9 8 8 12 12


18

Exhibit 18: Live Hog Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 6.07 6.20 5.87 5.90 6.60 6.40 6.55 7.00 6.80 6.50 6.88 7.35

Tianjin 5.35 5.40 5.55 6.00 5.60 5.88 6.00 6.70 6.85 6.53 7.03 7.03

Hebei 5.27 6.05 4.86 4.82 5.28 5.25 5.28 6.01 5.75 5.64 6.28 6.27

Shanxi 5.18 5.46 4.84 4.60 4.57 4.96 5.25 6.52 6.09 5.99 6.24 6.52

Inner Mongolia 5.84 6.22 5.96 5.18 5.89 5.17 5.31 6.09 6.40 6.45 6.21 6.30

Liaoning 4.79 4.47 4.74 4.57 4.88 5.04 5.15 5.63 5.78 5.60 6.20 6.00

Jilin 4.72 4.47 4.60 4.42 4.52 4.80 4.91 5.58 5.58 5.75 6.30 6.26

Heilongjiang 4.50 4.00 4.20 4.56 4.10 4.20 4.60 5.00 5.00 5.00

Shanghai 7.53 7.13 6.80 6.90 6.85 6.98 7.30 7.20 7.80 6.25 7.35

Jiangsu 6.01 5.20 5.28 5.08 4.91 4.88 4.88 5.54 5.73 5.73 6.46 5.72

Zhejiang 6.68 6.36 6.15 6.08 5.91 5.76 6.22 6.55 6.44 6.74 6.85 6.77

Anhui 6.13 6.13 6.03 6.10 5.83 5.65 5.66 6.10 6.00 6.31 6.49 6.43

Fujian 7.69 7.58 7.11 7.18 6.98 7.23 7.19 7.30 7.40 7.19 7.21 7.38

Jiangxi 6.74 6.50 6.14 6.09 6.10 6.13 6.23 6.38 6.50 6.51 6.45 6.55

Shandong 5.19 5.22 5.28 5.20 5.22 5.28 5.43 5.80 5.84 5.96 6.15 5.96

Henan 5.62 5.30 5.34 5.31 5.24 5.17 5.29 5.49 5.65 5.75 5.83 6.09

Hubei 6.09 6.16 5.62 5.81 5.65 5.55 5.47 5.99 6.04 5.97 6.07 5.01

Hunan 6.30 6.30 5.98 5.97 5.81 5.91 6.05 6.21 6.40 6.00 6.22 6.43

Guangdong 7.36 7.27 7.33 7.18 7.10 7.08 7.19 7.22 7.30 7.14 7.19 7.49

Guangxi 6.41 6.16 6.06 5.89 5.65 5.89 5.66 5.91 5.94 5.96 5.94 6.02

Hainan 9.27 9.67 9.50 8.68 8.65 8.07 8.78 8.63 8.78 9.37 8.20 8.63

Chongqing 5.39 5.56 5.34 5.09 4.69 4.35 4.65 4.95 5.06 5.03 5.01 5.07

Sichuan 5.31 5.37 5.15 4.98 4.56 4.40 4.60 4.97 5.15 5.25 5.70 5.27

Guizhou 6.00 6.03 4.80 5.86 5.43 5.70 5.57 5.51 5.91 5.78 5.98 5.99

Yunnan 6.39 6.24 5.85 5.84 5.60 5.39 5.29 5.38 5.56 5.48 5.50 5.44

Tibet

Shaanxi 5.34 4.90 5.22 4.50 4.44 4.37 4.77 5.33 5.46 6.33 5.63 5.50

Gansu 5.64 5.64 4.79 4.91 4.52 4.89 5.36 5.90 6.20 6.33 6.31 6.11

Qinghai 7.00 5.68 5.92 5.48 5.27 5.67 6.14 6.20 6.32 7.71 6.88 7.06

Ningxia 4.90 5.35 4.00 5.13 4.80 5.00 4.40 5.00 6.00 5.60 6.40

Xinjiang 6.50 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00


Beijing 7.40 7.50 7.60 6.80 6.55 6.60 6.94 6.83 7.08 6.86 6.48 6.50

Tianjin 7.30 7.60 5.87 6.35 6.55 6.55 6.43 6.37 6.60 6.45

Hebei 6.32 6.44 5.99 5.90 5.52 5.67 5.80 6.02 5.95 5.82 5.85 5.75

Shanxi 6.50 6.71 6.05 6.20 5.87 5.38 5.57 6.64 6.30 6.13 6.12 6.34

Inner Mongolia 6.40 6.68 6.34 6.06 6.55 6.20 6.43 6.20 6.33 6.69 6.77 6.76

Liaoning 6.35 6.59 6.07 5.50 5.47 5.45 5.63 5.95 5.97 5.94 6.20 6.31

Jilin 6.37 6.36 6.03 5.51 5.34 5.54 5.62 5.96 5.98 6.05 6.42 6.54

Heilongjiang 6.50 6.50 6.60 5.80 5.60 5.80 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.20

Shanghai 7.30 7.48 7.38 7.28 7.13 7.15 7.20 6.95 6.90 6.95 7.00 7.10

Jiangsu 5.71 5.97 5.77 5.63 5.30 5.13 5.19 6.60 6.85 6.83 5.73 5.46

Zhejiang 6.46 6.73 6.72 6.47 6.18 5.97 6.04 6.15 6.35 6.21 6.19 6.32

Anhui 6.84 6.55 6.26 6.11 5.78 5.80 5.69 6.08 6.04 6.14 6.94 5.88

Fujian 7.24 7.18 7.11 7.07 6.75 6.67 6.81 6.79 6.64 5.65 6.68 6.58

Jiangxi 6.63 6.57 6.65 6.47 6.27 6.10 6.03 6.03 6.14 6.16 6.01 6.06

Shandong 6.03 5.80 5.54 5.59 5.28 5.46 5.60 5.80 5.85 5.71 5.86

Henan 5.93 6.02 5.93 5.78 5.68 5.40 5.32 5.48 5.62 5.71 5.66 5.52

Hubei 6.14 6.10 6.00 5.85 5.71 5.70 5.57 5.67 5.73 5.80 5.76

Hunan 6.31 6.15 6.23 6.33 6.06 5.99 5.91 5.96 6.03 6.04 6.03 5.99

Guangdong 7.29 7.23 7.98 6.89 7.10 7.13 7.17 7.07 7.00 6.90 6.87 6.88

Guangxi 5.87 5.81 5.48 5.46 5.58 5.49 5.59 5.61 5.55 5.61

Hainan 8.03 8.38 7.77 7.80 7.52 7.45 7.55 7.82 7.10 7.23 7.30 7.38

Chongqing 6.24 5.14 5.07 5.08 4.89 4.87 4.97 5.09 5.17 5.67 5.44

Sichuan 5.16 5.36 5.27 5.36 4.97 5.13 5.03 5.39 5.67 5.82 5.53 5.85

Guizhou 5.89 5.80 5.67 5.93 5.93 5.93 6.25 5.80 5.80 5.73 6.08 5.82

Yunnan 5.42 5.24 5.19 5.12 4.95 4.81 4.98 5.09 5.41 5.71 5.77 5.84

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.47 5.70 5.55 5.22 5.17 5.47 5.33 5.92 5.95 5.80 5.92 6.07

Gansu 6.34 6.26 6.15 6.15 6.22 6.38 6.21 6.51 6.53 6.56 6.71 6.48

Qinghai 9.12 7.80 7.90 7.60 4.88 7.54 7.60 9.00 7.32 7.80 8.00

Ningxia 6.00 6.20 6.16 6.16 7.00 6.16 6.20

Xinjiang 6.00 7.59 7.56 7.08 7.31 6.80 7.50 7.50 7.60


19


Beijing 6.30 6.46 6.10 6.23 6.16 6.36 6.30 6.24 6.28 6.30 6.65 6.84

Tianjin 6.10 6.10 5.70 5.40 5.60 5.93 6.10 6.00 6.07 6.15 6.25 6.37

Hebei 5.60 5.23 5.10 4.77 5.16 5.36 5.48 5.55 5.55 5.72 5.76 5.82

Shanxi 6.11 6.18 5.48 4.87 5.26 5.47 5.31 5.62 5.77 5.88 6.06 6.13

Inner Mongolia 6.79 7.08 7.04 6.06 6.12 5.84 5.98 5.99 6.44 6.33 6.32 6.32

Liaoning 6.15 6.02 5.28 5.00 4.87 5.30 5.61 5.66 5.77 5.79 5.83 5.79

Jilin 6.47 6.47 5.21 5.29 5.00 5.34 5.96 5.98 5.95 5.94 6.08 6.10

Heilongjiang 6.20 6.00 6.20 5.40 5.33 5.45 5.50 5.86 5.66 5.78 6.01 6.14

Shanghai 7.03 6.83 6.63 6.35 6.45 6.45 6.40 6.25 6.30 6.35 6.40 6.65

Jiangsu 5.35 6.27 5.24 4.83 4.85 4.85 4.89 5.40 5.28 5.37 5.47 5.72

Zhejiang 6.42 6.49 6.19 5.75 5.64 5.69 5.61 5.91 6.16 6.21 6.00 6.65

Anhui 5.78 6.05 5.86 5.15 4.98 5.08 5.21 5.83 5.92 5.92 5.98 6.15

Fujian 6.74 6.74 6.55 6.46 6.21 6.22 6.34 6.38 6.49 6.67 6.61 7.03

Jiangxi 6.11 6.13 6.09 5.73 5.67 5.42 5.55 5.68 5.92 5.95 6.12 6.28

Shandong 5.73 5.90 5.26 5.27 5.13 5.27 5.34 5.44 5.56 5.42 5.60 5.80

Henan 5.56 5.43 5.12 4.98 4.95 5.04 5.07 5.28 5.36 5.43 5.59 5.74

Hubei 5.79 5.93 5.54 5.25 5.15 4.97 4.89 5.45 5.51 5.71 5.82 6.06

Hunan 5.97 6.00 5.90 5.54 5.55 5.40 5.51 5.66 5.73 5.75 5.84 5.92

Guangdong 6.97 6.96 6.89 6.69 6.58 6.68 6.69 6.71 6.76 6.76 6.77 6.99

Guangxi 5.60 5.75 5.72 5.52 5.32 5.64 5.54 5.52 5.56 5.88 5.88 5.76

Hainan 7.43 7.48 7.38 7.20 7.00 7.00 7.10 7.05 7.09 7.14 7.12 7.40

Chongqing 5.30 5.62 5.52 5.37 5.09 4.97 4.90 5.09 5.45 5.60 5.69 5.63

Sichuan 5.97 5.97 5.68 5.52 5.34 5.34 5.19 5.43 5.72 5.60 5.80 5.77

Guizhou 6.14 6.18 5.92 5.79 5.79 5.69 5.68 5.90 6.06 6.09 6.01 6.17

Yunnan 5.75 5.70 5.61 5.58 5.54 5.57 5.55 5.68 5.84 5.97 5.92 5.90

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.27 6.07 6.00 8.00 5.50 5.45 5.58 5.87 5.80 5.80 6.00 5.73

Gansu 6.29 6.22 5.90 5.40 5.43 5.35 5.41 5.79 6.09 6.01 5.96 5.98

Qinghai 7.74 7.82 7.90 7.66 8.54 7.75 7.75 6.62 6.85 7.35 6.42 7.23

Ningxia 5.60 5.88 5.40 4.60 5.50 5.60 5.36 6.00 5.64 6.42 5.72

Xinjiang 8.40 7.50 7.22 6.37 6.95 6.40 6.33 6.48 6.95 6.89 6.76


Beijing 6.72 6.24 6.08 6.18 6.06 6.16 6.65 6.56 6.81 7.56 7.78 8.17

Tianjin 6.35 6.33 6.03 5.88 5.56 5.94 6.25 6.40 6.47 6.80 8.03 8.20

Hebei 5.67 5.70 5.45 5.35 5.16 5.44 6.04 6.13 6.35 7.51 7.62 7.75

Shanxi 6.18 6.16 5.60 5.52 5.26 5.18 5.63 6.09 6.21 7.14 7.90 7.86

Inner Mongolia 6.67 6.27 6.65 5.97 5.98 5.54 6.25 7.87 6.64 6.75 8.02 7.07

Liaoning 5.55 5.52 5.35 5.15 5.24 5.60 6.19 6.28 6.45 6.72 7.35 7.33

Jilin 6.12 5.92 5.62 5.28 5.32 5.84 6.18 6.46 6.42 6.56 7.28 7.36

Heilongjiang 5.97 5.69 5.45 5.31 5.14 5.34 6.16 6.36 6.28 6.46 7.06 6.86

Shanghai 6.98 6.75 6.43 6.45 6.69 6.88 6.95 7.08 7.28 7.55 9.40 8.75

Jiangsu 5.62 5.51 5.25 5.15 5.10 5.26 5.49 6.05 6.46 6.87 7.89 7.77

Zhejiang 6.67 6.42 6.12 6.16 6.31 6.39 6.55 6.90 7.71 8.06 8.52 8.41

Anhui 6.07 5.91 5.85 5.77 5.58 5.64 6.03 6.54 7.03 7.38 8.19 8.14

Fujian 7.04 6.93 6.71 6.82 6.64 6.89 7.19 7.28 7.70 8.13 8.84 8.55

Jiangxi 6.43 6.38 6.19 6.14 6.18 6.23 6.44 6.76 7.36 7.49 8.49 8.50

Shandong 5.80 5.61 5.38 5.31 5.18 5.73 6.09 6.23 6.53 7.89 7.79 8.21

Henan 5.71 5.55 5.38 5.43 5.32 5.51 5.99 5.95 6.26 7.10 7.62 7.68

Hubei 6.11 5.97 5.74 5.77 5.65 5.67 5.75 5.91 6.87 7.07 7.89 7.58

Hunan 6.21 6.09 5.89 5.75 5.85 5.79 5.96 6.48 7.10 7.03 7.75 7.87

Guangdong 7.10 7.23 7.18 7.03 7.06 7.11 7.30 7.40 7.60 7.92 8.63 8.92

Guangxi 5.86 5.85 5.75 5.67 5.57 5.78 6.01 6.12 6.59 6.95 7.11 7.21

Hainan 7.35 7.30 7.00 7.13 7.50 6.85 6.88 7.67 8.25 8.67 9.50 8.74

Chongqing 5.45 5.37 5.44 5.24 4.97 5.01 4.95 5.47 5.60 5.75 6.01 5.89

Sichuan 5.65 5.53 5.42 5.41 4.90 4.81 4.89 5.23 5.47 5.62 6.08 6.15

Guizhou 6.19 5.97 5.91 5.91 5.85 5.87 5.83 6.05 6.28 6.42 6.94 7.39

Yunnan 5.80 5.60 5.54 5.51 5.39 5.41 5.43 5.62 5.88 5.96 6.28 6.54

Tibet

Shaanxi 5.40 5.80 5.60 5.60 5.00 4.90 7.00

Gansu 6.14 5.54 6.45 5.59 5.66 5.79 6.11 6.33 5.95 6.65 7.38 7.17

Qinghai 6.70 7.43 7.05 7.04 6.72 6.07 6.65 6.33 7.50 7.58 7.82 7.66

Ningxia 5.70 5.15 5.12 5.16 5.58 5.68 6.04 6.24 6.08 5.94 6.60 6.75

Xinjiang 6.78 7.36 6.46 6.49 6.33 6.46 6.44 6.83 6.88 5.93 6.30 6.46


20


Beijing 7.93 7.91 8.22 8.39 8.55 9.46 9.85 9.76 10.11 9.90 9.23 9.35

Tianjin 6.57 7.80 8.10 8.60 9.00 9.53 9.63 9.38 9.40 9.40 8.75 8.95

Hebei 7.75 7.49 7.77 8.28 8.48 9.15 9.13 9.05 9.23 9.07 8.53 8.61

Shanxi 8.13 7.95 7.85 8.43 8.56 8.80 8.93 9.10 9.20 9.01 8.83 8.65

Inner Mongolia 7.56 7.50 7.60 7.60 7.64 7.97 8.12 8.27 8.69 8.86 8.61 8.78

Liaoning 7.31 7.36 7.36 8.08 8.22 8.75 8.71 8.80 8.59 8.75 8.23 8.33

Jilin 7.28 7.26 7.13 7.92 8.08 8.84 8.77 8.79 8.80 8.77 8.52 8.38

Heilongjiang 6.76 6.74 6.64 7.51 8.02 8.55 8.16 8.49 8.94 8.99 8.75 8.68

Shanghai 8.60 8.65 9.50 10.48 10.48 10.60 10.75 10.23 10.30 10.25 9.55 9.65

Jiangsu 7.66 7.51 7.89 8.37 8.09 8.23 8.71 9.17 9.73 9.15 8.55 8.42

Zhejiang 8.69 8.62 9.14 9.50 9.01 9.70 9.74 10.06 10.32 10.10 9.02 9.30

Anhui 8.43 8.16 8.74 8.99 9.04 9.13 9.61 9.85 10.76 9.90 9.18 9.39

Fujian 8.59 8.60 9.30 9.80 9.60 9.70 10.26 10.48 10.75 10.42 9.80 9.66

Jiangxi 8.18 8.10 8.54 9.24 8.89 8.92 9.42 9.80 9.88 10.02 9.44 9.47

Shandong 7.91 7.92 8.16 8.39 8.70 9.11 9.27 9.30 9.50 9.12 8.53 8.43

Henan 7.75 7.72 8.14 8.44 8.28 8.71 8.91 9.13 9.43 9.07 8.33 8.69

Hubei 7.97 7.89 8.07 8.49 8.28 8.35 8.47 9.67 9.96 9.64 8.95 8.83

Hunan 7.77 7.88 7.89 8.51 8.40 8.35 8.81 10.20 10.16 9.88 9.17 9.17

Guangdong 8.94 9.01 9.23 9.42 9.46 9.89 10.19 10.32 10.53 10.45 10.08 10.14

Guangxi 7.32 7.21 7.62 7.55 7.69 8.15 8.58 8.99 9.39 9.33 8.91 8.72

Hainan 9.05 12.01 9.28 9.71 10.59 10.74 10.85 10.58 10.67 10.35 9.86 9.67

Chongqing 5.96 6.24 7.02 7.34 6.86 7.37 7.83 8.49 9.56 8.89 8.39 8.39

Sichuan 5.90 6.11 6.63 6.87 6.91 7.77 8.00 8.59 9.05 8.76 8.03 8.17

Guizhou 7.61 7.84 7.63 8.02 8.13 8.22 8.56 9.43 10.27 10.13 9.81 9.63

Yunnan 6.61 6.73 7.17 7.59 7.73 7.77 7.87 8.44 9.24 9.29 8.76 8.37

Tibet

Shaanxi 7.45 7.36 7.40 7.76 7.84 8.16 8.42 8.80 9.25 9.29 8.31 8.23

Gansu 6.98 6.81 7.02 7.59 7.85 8.08 8.32 8.78 9.23 9.14 8.98 8.76

Qinghai 8.00 8.24 7.42 9.17 8.80 9.07 9.58 9.48 9.47 9.93 10.08 10.17

Ningxia 6.75 7.10 7.10 8.45 8.08 8.53 8.53 8.93 11.00 11.00 9.75 10.50

Xinjiang 7.33 6.84 7.33 6.90 8.30 7.69 7.92 8.50 8.50 9.24 8.89 8.10


Beijing 9.61 9.63 9.34 9.24 9.72 9.42 8.99 8.98 8.89 8.08 7.34 7.33

Tianjin 9.00 8.95 8.90 8.38 8.40 8.75 8.45 8.18 8.08 7.40 6.45 6.43

Hebei 8.52 8.75 8.53 8.26 8.11 8.29 8.22 8.04 7.80 6.15 6.30 6.18

Shanxi 8.47 8.60 8.41 8.14 7.64 8.21 8.14 8.03 8.03 7.17 6.71 6.53

Inner Mongolia 8.45 8.20 7.90 7.95 7.87 7.97 8.00 8.09 8.02 7.96 7.66 7.48

Liaoning 8.33 8.25 8.20 7.99 7.97 8.05 8.13 7.95 7.49 6.25 6.25 6.11

Jilin 8.42 8.30 8.24 8.04 7.73 7.72 7.98 7.76 7.51 6.18 6.27 6.19

Heilongjiang 8.60 8.18 8.12 8.00 8.00 7.76 7.78 7.68 7.58 6.67 6.44 6.68

Shanghai 9.85 9.85 9.88 9.78 9.56 9.51 9.53 9.33 8.60 7.95 7.60 7.70

Jiangsu 8.43 8.58 8.55 8.08 7.83 7.94 7.66 7.45 7.79 6.78 6.43 6.13

Zhejiang 9.49 9.74 9.74 9.03 9.08 9.01 8.64 8.40 8.15 7.04 7.08 8.15

Anhui 9.17 9.31 9.06 8.77 8.50 8.17 8.17 8.24 7.94 7.18 6.77 7.31

Fujian 9.49 9.91 9.90 9.43 9.11 8.89 9.10 8.39 8.48 6.77 6.66 8.11

Jiangxi 9.47 9.33 9.26 8.94 8.58 8.38 8.47 8.47 8.26 7.28 6.98 7.55

Shandong 8.54 8.77 9.00 8.40 8.34 8.28 8.22 7.72 7.53 6.09 6.00 6.32

Henan 8.74 9.27 8.78 8.20 8.28 8.25 8.14 7.69 7.68 6.30 6.15 6.71

Hubei 9.02 8.92 8.67 8.49 7.80 7.67 7.57 7.88 7.82 7.07 6.65 6.70

Hunan 9.03 9.42 9.05 8.90 8.08 7.99 7.85 7.62 7.78 7.08 6.89 7.23

Guangdong 9.86 9.93 10.03 9.44 9.18 9.36 9.43 9.25 8.96 8.12 7.87 8.23

Guangxi 8.65 8.57 8.23 7.78 7.41 7.46 7.41 7.27 7.21 6.97 6.64 6.82

Hainan 10.00 10.05 9.70 8.55 8.68 8.75 8.73 8.90 8.93 8.45 8.20 9.00

Chongqing 8.16 7.79 7.90 7.72 7.12 6.80 6.25 6.53 6.75 6.22 6.12 6.31

Sichuan 7.98 8.16 7.96 7.70 6.98 6.65 6.25 6.04 6.49 6.27 6.01 6.13

Guizhou 9.40 9.23 8.93 8.35 7.74 7.25 7.45 7.60 7.89 7.67 7.11 6.99

Yunnan 8.08 7.83 7.73 7.52 7.19 6.96 6.97 7.01 6.97 6.81 6.46 6.45

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.28 8.26 8.20 7.94 7.70 8.04 7.83 7.79 7.70 7.27 6.90 6.59

Gansu 8.86 8.44 8.47 8.39 8.37 8.32 8.34 8.29 8.25 8.00 7.66 7.89

Qinghai 10.02 8.17 9.85 9.00 9.17 9.22 9.33 9.33 9.20 8.70 9.52 9.38

Ningxia 9.25 9.13 8.83 8.68 8.52 8.24 8.28 8.28 8.50 8.50 8.00 8.00

Xinjiang 9.54 9.25 8.86 9.46 8.63 8.54 8.39 8.31 8.01 7.83 8.07 8.37


21


Beijing 7.31 7.77 6.46 6.26 5.93 6.42 6.78 7.26 7.68 7.78 8.20 9.04

Tianjin 7.77 6.43 6.38 6.20 5.65 6.05 6.63 7.45 7.50 7.87 8.47 9.53

Hebei 7.46 6.69 6.10 5.67 5.53 5.67 6.40 6.98 7.67 7.56 8.18 9.41

Shanxi 7.12 6.76 6.09 5.56 5.48 5.53 6.30 7.24 7.36 7.56 7.84 9.47

Inner Mongolia 7.58 7.75 7.78 7.36 6.65 6.59 6.92 7.32 8.05 7.77 8.17 8.53

Liaoning 6.94 6.65 5.90 5.40 5.11 5.76 6.38 6.93 7.25 7.55 7.75 9.26

Jilin 7.21 6.30 5.61 5.41 5.15 5.53 6.46 7.04 7.24 7.75 7.95 9.16

Heilongjiang 6.60 6.29 5.38 5.24 4.96 5.36 6.46 6.60 7.32 7.35 7.71 9.00

Shanghai 8.50 8.45 7.55 6.95 6.78 7.35 6.95 8.00 8.25 8.73 8.75 10.25

Jiangsu 6.93 6.72 6.02 5.36 5.15 5.28 5.73 6.73 7.15 7.52 8.49 8.97

Zhejiang 8.33 7.71 7.33 6.42 6.50 6.52 6.97 7.88 8.79 8.76 9.66 10.67

Anhui 7.84 7.18 6.90 6.05 5.85 5.75 6.42 7.27 7.97 8.44 9.68 10.29

Fujian 9.01 8.43 7.14 6.88 6.70 6.73 6.94 7.99 9.12 8.84 9.39 10.48

Jiangxi 7.97 7.77 7.15 6.59 6.25 6.21 6.62 7.51 8.90 9.14 9.39 10.37

Shandong 7.54 6.64 6.10 5.67 5.47 5.86 6.53 7.17 7.42 7.40 8.71 9.70

Henan 7.55 6.69 6.12 5.73 5.64 5.77 6.04 7.31 7.63 7.75 8.73 9.74

Hubei 7.35 7.27 6.83 6.01 5.80 5.69 6.19 7.45 7.93 8.15 8.38 9.64

Hunan 8.04 7.29 6.94 6.30 6.10 6.25 6.59 7.45 8.46 8.59 8.77 9.78

Guangdong 8.65 8.54 8.19 7.61 7.41 7.60 8.03 8.38 9.28 9.33 9.41 10.52

Guangxi 6.85 6.70 6.33 5.91 5.80 6.40 6.49 6.80 7.67 7.62 7.99 9.09

Hainan 8.50 8.50 8.33 8.10 8.18 7.95 7.85 7.95 8.38 8.45 9.30 10.30

Chongqing 6.18 6.16 6.23 5.22 5.30 5.02 5.63 6.28 7.42 7.36 7.45 7.80

Sichuan 6.35 6.31 6.16 5.72 5.46 5.29 5.99 6.52 7.40 7.66 7.34 7.81

Guizhou 7.09 7.33 7.33 6.91 6.47 6.29 6.44 6.76 7.35 7.58 7.79 8.10

Yunnan 6.35 6.38 6.40 6.15 6.01 5.80 5.88 6.19 6.81 7.14 7.19 7.68

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.90 6.70 6.17 6.02 5.82 5.46 5.85 7.33 7.70 7.34 7.79 8.49

Gansu 7.47 7.53 7.04 7.05 6.32 6.53 6.62 7.04 7.89 7.61 7.61 8.39

Qinghai 9.38 9.42 9.65 9.40 8.47 9.80 8.53 8.82 9.15 9.28 9.62 9.42

Ningxia 7.38 8.10 6.63 6.25 5.70 5.60 7.07 7.43 7.63 7.20 7.87

Xinjiang 8.51 8.30 8.49 7.75 7.49 7.63 7.24 7.00 7.99 8.25 8.32 8.53


Beijing 9.84 9.09 8.92 8.88 10.96 12.68 14.21 14.35 13.75 12.70 14.36 15.40

Tianjin 8.50 9.35 9.63 9.50 11.88 12.58 13.00 14.55 13.05 12.88 14.45 15.50

Hebei 9.63 8.91 8.90 9.09 10.99 12.13 13.95 14.12 13.26 12.54 13.72 15.22

Shanxi 9.37 9.01 8.58 8.44 9.95 11.55 13.02 14.91 13.63 12.62 13.50 15.45

Inner Mongolia 8.77 9.05 8.58 8.58 9.30 11.55 12.03 16.15 14.36 14.08 15.11 15.13

Liaoning 9.35 8.73 8.47 8.55 11.02 11.84 14.10 14.47 12.16 12.13 14.31 15.60

Jilin 9.12 8.61 8.36 8.40 10.58 11.78 13.94 15.02 12.94 11.99 14.29 15.75

Heilongjiang 8.74 8.47 7.94 8.05 10.41 10.72 13.54 15.42 12.45 12.17 13.91 15.69

Shanghai 10.53 10.38 9.80 9.50 10.23 12.95 14.65 15.10 14.28 13.05 14.25 16.20

Jiangsu 9.40 8.63 8.23 8.48 9.55 11.11 12.63 13.41 12.70 12.10 13.18 14.75

Zhejiang 10.68 9.60 9.11 9.65 11.32 12.83 14.53 15.08 14.36 13.18 14.66 15.70

Anhui 10.09 9.38 9.12 9.32 10.71 11.32 13.57 14.46 13.60 13.44 14.43 15.98

Fujian 11.36 10.00 9.53 9.73 11.43 12.91 16.01 15.10 14.33 13.14 14.71 15.98

Jiangxi 11.06 10.36 9.94 9.86 11.26 12.59 14.69 14.92 14.52 13.51 14.81 16.15

Shandong 9.76 8.75 8.89 9.35 10.87 11.80 13.63 13.94 12.47 12.23 13.75 15.10

Henan 10.10 9.38 8.66 8.99 11.07 11.94 13.09 14.06 12.81 12.69 13.57 15.37

Hubei 10.07 9.73 9.03 8.94 10.15 11.46 12.55 14.19 13.69 13.16 14.08 15.66

Hunan 10.36 10.45 9.99 9.60 10.69 11.46 13.42 14.63 14.58 13.67 14.74 16.49

Guangdong 11.28 11.11 10.58 10.42 11.51 12.95 16.11 15.73 15.05 14.33 14.95 16.38

Guangxi 9.55 9.94 9.12 8.91 9.92 10.60 13.33 13.86 13.83 12.70 13.93 15.56

Hainan 10.65 10.83 10.08 10.18 11.65 12.58 15.45 15.18 14.78 13.45 14.93 15.82

Chongqing 8.26 8.31 8.23 8.17 8.54 9.42 10.66 13.68 14.08 14.02 14.27 15.60

Sichuan 8.26 8.15 8.08 8.36 8.54 9.47 11.60 13.57 14.03 14.43 14.41 15.39

Guizhou 9.41 9.46 9.45 9.28 9.46 10.67 11.80 14.36 15.10 14.95 14.89 16.19

Yunnan 8.47 8.90 8.75 8.56 8.77 9.83 10.24 12.39 13.34 13.61 12.98 13.99

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.88 8.85 8.16 8.54 9.40 10.34 12.30 15.08 13.41 13.82 13.46 14.54

Gansu 8.50 8.64 8.25 8.47 9.14 11.00 11.96 12.88 12.45 12.90 13.47 14.23

Qinghai 10.02 12.00 10.35 10.55 11.23 13.83 15.75 15.00 15.10 15.77 17.33 19.83

Ningxia 8.13 8.57 7.17 9.30 10.07 12.25 13.10 14.80 14.30 14.26 14.26 14.96

Xinjiang 8.72 8.27 8.28 8.64 8.65 9.59 10.63 12.87 11.64 11.69 12.33 12.71


22


Beijing 16.86 16.93 16.90 17.31 16.41 16.11 15.65 14.72 13.34 11.53 11.14 12.52

Tianjin 17.10 17.28 17.16 17.30 16.13 16.18 15.23 14.84 13.18 11.54 11.39 13.44

Hebei 16.70 17.16 16.81 16.71 15.67 15.38 14.81 14.48 13.32 11.29 11.03 12.54

Shanxi 16.79 17.31 16.59 16.67 16.11 15.43 14.88 14.71 14.09 12.45 11.12 12.57

Inner Mongolia 16.33 16.61 16.76 17.16 16.72 16.17 15.88 15.79 15.61 14.82 13.47 13.92

Liaoning 16.45 16.34 16.45 16.42 15.44 15.46 15.15 14.40 13.29 11.43 11.24 12.52

Jilin 16.14 16.33 16.48 16.18 15.38 15.43 14.92 14.09 12.39 11.06 10.99 12.85

Heilongjiang 15.75 15.44 15.85 16.10 15.38 15.31 14.70 13.81 12.82 11.04 10.81 12.34

Shanghai 17.46 17.98 18.11 17.50 15.81 15.55 15.34 14.97 13.93 12.26 12.03 13.58

Jiangsu 16.07 16.66 16.81 15.99 14.33 14.29 13.49 13.49 13.05 11.32 10.67 12.14

Zhejiang 17.05 17.71 18.10 17.69 16.07 15.60 14.93 14.76 14.07 12.27 11.76 13.50

Anhui 17.32 17.62 17.33 17.12 15.59 15.06 14.73 14.53 14.26 12.87 12.04 13.28

Fujian 16.96 18.01 18.83 17.68 15.90 16.06 15.72 15.02 13.38 11.87 12.03 13.38

Jiangxi 16.63 17.20 17.81 18.08 16.92 16.07 15.76 15.30 14.38 12.70 12.11 13.40

Shandong 16.58 16.93 16.93 16.67 15.15 15.09 14.08 13.44 12.46 11.23 11.27 12.83

Henan 16.47 16.76 16.87 16.91 15.25 15.34 14.94 14.09 13.31 12.07 11.51 12.71

Hubei 16.85 16.68 16.98 17.13 15.00 14.72 14.89 14.54 14.09 12.65 12.02 13.27

Hunan 17.42 17.67 17.83 17.92 16.41 15.71 15.20 14.77 13.99 12.48 11.82 13.27

Guangdong 17.29 17.99 19.19 18.75 17.14 17.08 16.27 15.26 14.28 12.50 12.40 13.60

Guangxi 16.23 16.66 17.04 16.66 15.35 15.09 14.33 13.87 13.41 12.05 11.59 12.55

Hainan 16.01 16.47 16.84 16.40 16.02 15.90 15.01 14.25 13.87 11.59 11.57 12.20

Chongqing 16.10 15.23 15.19 16.48 15.45 14.04 13.44 14.05 14.36 13.19 12.02 13.21

Sichuan 15.94 15.87 15.89 16.21 15.18 14.04 13.28 13.66 13.94 13.18 12.23 13.16

Guizhou 17.67 18.02 17.01 17.44 17.07 16.86 15.94 15.79 15.97 15.35 14.10 13.67

Yunnan 15.74 15.84 16.29 16.83 16.03 15.40 14.69 14.57 14.63 13.82 12.71 12.21

Tibet

Shaanxi 16.25 16.34 15.93 16.40 15.12 14.54 14.33 14.18 13.66 12.16 11.52 12.41

Gansu 15.02 15.49 15.09 15.65 15.11 14.81 14.75 14.49 14.00 13.12 12.64 12.26

Qinghai 20.81 18.25 21.48 20.21 21.13 17.85 17.97 17.36 16.83 16.49 15.94 15.15

Ningxia 15.31 15.26 15.51 15.66 15.38 14.73 14.83 14.54 14.37 13.43 12.34 11.87

Xinjiang 14.60 14.57 14.46 14.49 14.66 14.39 13.96 13.79 13.51 12.30 11.38 11.41


Beijing 13.12 12.23 11.10 10.50 10.07 10.57 11.70 12.67 12.43 11.90 11.80 12.78

Tianjin 13.60 12.11 10.86 9.77 9.64 10.47 11.36 12.07 12.08 11.55 11.52 13.02

Hebei 13.31 12.65 11.42 9.99 9.19 9.60 10.73 11.78 12.00 11.40 11.20 12.19

Shanxi 13.59 12.79 11.54 10.09 8.85 9.08 10.02 11.34 11.55 10.88 10.73 11.61

Inner Mongolia 14.39 14.21 13.27 11.05 9.89 9.63 10.68 11.35 11.85 11.84 11.77 12.28

Liaoning 13.23 12.45 11.00 10.15 9.24 9.67 10.96 11.75 12.14 11.78 11.74 12.46

Jilin 13.14 11.97 10.43 9.44 9.03 10.14 11.00 11.62 11.77 11.52 11.57 12.61

Heilongjiang 12.58 11.46 10.08 9.42 9.11 9.62 10.82 11.43 11.94 11.57 11.64 12.84

Shanghai 14.09 12.83 11.95 10.46 9.73 10.12 11.10 12.54 12.58 12.04 12.14 13.21

Jiangsu 12.51 11.66 10.66 8.91 8.29 8.43 9.56 11.16 11.68 10.84 10.97 11.85

Zhejiang 13.96 12.91 12.00 10.39 9.52 9.83 10.82 12.24 12.37 11.97 11.96 12.85

Anhui 14.05 13.05 11.46 10.24 9.17 9.25 10.51 11.99 12.27 11.70 11.84 12.76

Fujian 13.94 12.55 12.13 11.03 9.88 10.25 10.96 12.25 12.24 11.78 11.62 12.58

Jiangxi 14.25 13.39 12.25 11.15 9.81 9.73 10.65 11.95 12.62 12.47 12.28 12.86

Shandong 13.28 12.08 10.93 9.70 9.30 9.74 10.63 11.51 11.52 10.82 11.21 12.76

Henan 13.34 12.50 11.32 10.00 9.16 9.52 10.40 11.65 11.68 10.99 11.36 12.44

Hubei 14.06 13.08 11.61 10.38 9.27 9.14 10.23 11.91 12.24 11.58 11.51 12.48

Hunan 13.81 13.12 12.13 10.81 9.54 9.44 10.05 11.48 12.07 11.75 11.55 12.13

Guangdong 13.97 13.22 12.55 11.57 10.21 10.29 10.76 11.72 12.16 11.96 11.76 12.25

Guangxi 13.04 12.69 12.04 10.96 9.55 9.39 9.22 10.12 10.87 10.82 10.76 11.10

Hainan 12.54 12.11 11.50 11.00 10.18 10.07 10.20 10.94 11.52 11.18 11.26 11.95

Chongqing 13.36 12.86 11.27 9.78 8.15 8.02 8.49 11.22 11.51 11.10 10.84 11.13

Sichuan 13.34 12.84 11.65 10.03 8.46 8.18 8.84 10.56 11.36 11.39 11.31 11.74

Guizhou 14.12 14.11 13.77 12.48 10.06 9.20 9.23 11.02 11.94 11.70 11.14 10.83

Yunnan 12.43 12.01 11.35 10.32 8.68 8.53 8.57 9.56 10.82 10.68 10.66 10.59

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.01 12.25 11.17 9.60 8.72 8.92 9.81 11.31 11.88 11.39 11.44 11.94

Gansu 12.85 12.56 11.51 10.15 9.21 9.47 10.24 11.25 12.10 11.83 11.80 11.99

Qinghai 14.88 15.33 13.93 13.17 10.95 10.24 11.98 12.80 14.18 13.51 12.14 12.41

Ningxia 12.35 12.12 11.39 9.74 8.41 8.06 9.77 11.04 11.86 10.93 10.81 11.34

Xinjiang 11.63 11.26 10.29 9.38 8.17 8.40 9.32 10.38 11.51 11.52 11.12 11.11


23


Beijing 12.81 11.85 10.61 9.62 9.79 10.36 12.09 13.28 13.07 12.92 13.34 13.88

Tianjin 12.96 11.40 9.84 9.92 10.07 10.80 12.67 13.13 12.70 12.78 13.62 14.27

Hebei 12.43 11.41 9.98 9.38 9.72 10.04 11.98 12.76 12.52 12.48 13.14 13.57

Shanxi 11.93 11.09 9.92 9.03 9.44 9.53 11.50 12.38 12.46 12.27 13.08 13.65

Inner Mongolia 12.54 12.03 11.40 10.37 10.17 10.17 11.14 12.20 12.50 12.44 12.94 13.80

Liaoning 12.32 10.85 9.27 9.24 9.29 10.00 12.01 12.70 12.29 12.50 13.36 13.64

Jilin 12.17 10.22 8.88 9.15 9.30 9.60 11.98 12.41 12.16 12.33 13.55 13.43

Heilongjiang 12.03 10.48 9.11 9.11 9.13 9.22 11.43 12.06 11.77 12.03 13.44 13.15

Shanghai 12.90 11.46 10.56 10.30 10.60 10.47 12.35 13.26 13.52 13.59 14.48 14.10

Jiangsu 11.69 10.24 8.82 8.92 9.29 9.21 10.84 12.04 12.12 12.09 13.13 12.93

Zhejiang 12.73 11.42 10.55 10.06 10.24 10.19 11.86 12.65 13.10 13.39 14.29 14.05

Anhui 12.83 11.84 10.00 9.40 9.72 9.77 11.59 12.54 13.06 13.08 14.01 14.05

Fujian 12.72 11.56 10.39 10.31 10.42 10.12 11.94 12.77 13.05 13.50 14.56 14.00

Jiangxi 12.95 12.36 10.99 10.04 9.96 9.96 11.57 12.51 13.04 13.76 14.57 14.42

Shandong 12.63 10.97 9.39 9.41 9.91 10.10 11.74 12.53 12.09 12.23 13.16 13.32

Henan 12.35 10.98 9.76 9.40 9.65 9.93 11.82 12.56 12.61 12.68 13.43 13.63

Hubei 12.25 10.81 9.87 9.44 9.52 9.55 11.13 12.24 12.90 13.18 13.79 13.75

Hunan 12.29 11.50 10.42 9.96 9.66 9.60 10.99 12.13 12.85 13.37 14.20 14.25

Guangdong 12.46 11.72 11.13 10.61 10.46 10.24 11.75 12.86 13.36 13.80 14.89 14.84

Guangxi 11.32 10.77 9.99 9.22 8.90 8.73 10.24 11.38 11.75 12.76 13.45 13.54

Hainan 12.06 11.21 10.78 10.30 10.20 10.27 11.11 12.50 12.78 13.71 15.44 15.10

Chongqing 10.81 10.37 9.38 8.80 8.80 8.63 9.34 11.22 12.18 12.41 12.90 13.58

Sichuan 11.40 10.69 9.84 9.15 9.08 8.66 9.75 11.52 12.64 12.72 13.53 14.05

Guizhou 11.17 11.31 10.82 9.66 9.57 9.58 9.89 11.50 12.70 13.10 13.57 14.27

Yunnan 10.67 10.76 10.31 9.33 9.02 8.82 9.18 10.93 11.85 12.35 13.03 13.74

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.52 10.81 9.43 9.05 9.36 9.31 11.00 12.07 12.50 12.44 12.96 13.33

Gansu 12.39 11.56 10.35 9.68 9.56 9.65 11.34 12.35 12.50 12.68 13.28 13.64

Qinghai 12.87 13.66 13.04 11.12 11.25 10.76 12.06 12.72 12.87 12.57 13.41 15.88

Ningxia 11.28 10.49 9.53 8.81 8.95 9.64 11.40 12.20 12.87 12.77 13.13 13.50

Xinjiang 10.69 10.21 9.83 9.28 9.88 9.91 10.49 11.02 12.32 12.46 12.29 12.67


Beijing 13.91 14.44 14.51 14.71 15.69 18.36 19.85 19.68 19.46 18.39 17.20 17.15

Tianjin 14.27 14.51 14.65 14.76 16.41 19.12 19.85 19.38 19.53 18.22 17.20 17.47

Hebei 13.63 14.20 14.39 14.53 15.63 18.12 19.64 19.09 19.08 18.16 16.66 16.65

Shanxi 13.58 13.90 14.25 14.35 15.01 17.11 19.17 19.21 19.25 18.67 17.07 16.72

Inner Mongolia 13.75 13.70 13.70 13.77 14.50 16.21 18.21 18.59 18.65 18.53 17.93 17.76

Liaoning 13.38 13.74 14.26 14.36 15.73 18.55 19.60 19.30 18.94 18.07 16.81 16.74

Jilin 13.12 13.54 14.01 14.25 15.92 18.61 19.62 19.21 19.03 18.28 16.91 16.90

Heilongjiang 12.44 12.76 13.32 13.78 15.20 17.87 18.98 18.68 18.39 17.75 16.53 16.34

Shanghai 14.24 15.20 15.95 15.46 16.15 18.87 19.60 19.96 20.02 18.73 16.54 16.91

Jiangsu 12.99 13.87 14.35 14.50 15.18 17.47 18.16 18.26 18.68 17.73 16.02 15.69

Zhejiang 13.74 14.80 15.85 15.61 16.12 18.44 19.22 19.88 20.07 18.76 16.80 16.58

Anhui 14.19 14.74 14.98 14.98 15.49 17.99 19.29 19.48 19.88 19.04 17.49 17.10

Fujian 13.75 14.71 15.68 16.00 16.20 18.66 19.33 19.57 19.80 18.23 16.09 16.23

Jiangxi 14.20 14.77 15.50 15.60 15.98 17.81 19.24 19.54 20.20 19.45 17.46 17.25

Shandong 13.70 14.09 14.56 14.69 15.70 18.24 18.84 18.67 18.73 17.86 16.32 16.51

Henan 13.96 14.47 14.48 14.62 15.35 18.27 19.11 19.10 19.24 18.04 16.41 16.81

Hubei 14.15 14.88 15.19 15.45 15.60 17.69 19.04 19.47 19.86 18.92 17.07 17.05

Hunan 14.26 14.98 15.77 15.87 15.86 17.79 19.08 19.68 20.38 19.16 17.19 17.10

Guangdong 14.70 15.65 16.43 16.24 16.40 18.59 19.88 19.75 20.07 18.96 16.70 16.57

Guangxi 13.55 14.32 15.05 15.07 15.37 17.01 18.45 18.56 19.04 18.45 16.58 16.11

Hainan 15.39 15.88 16.18 16.80 16.71 19.16 20.51 20.18 20.65 19.81 17.02 16.84

Chongqing 14.00 14.23 14.53 15.48 14.98 15.72 17.99 19.48 20.45 19.85 18.21 18.20

Sichuan 14.36 14.46 14.91 15.48 15.02 16.16 18.27 19.69 20.21 19.90 18.03 17.84

Guizhou 14.72 14.71 14.82 15.59 15.97 16.49 18.10 19.33 20.25 20.42 19.70 18.61

Yunnan 13.52 13.56 14.36 15.29 15.16 16.00 17.51 18.87 20.11 20.29 19.04 18.15

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.57 14.03 14.36 14.53 14.88 17.08 18.55 19.03 19.44 18.61 17.01 17.00

Gansu 13.65 14.16 14.21 14.71 15.35 17.01 19.43 20.37 20.83 20.74 19.52 18.60

Qinghai 16.39 16.37 16.87 17.36 17.64 20.41 22.98 23.13 23.66 23.40 22.34 21.88

Ningxia 13.84 14.00 14.06 14.89 14.68 16.50 19.04 19.33 19.82 18.74 17.78 18.00

Xinjiang 13.31 13.84 14.09 14.68 15.16 16.03 18.75 19.72 20.23 19.58 18.56 17.49


24

Exhibit 30: Feeder Pig Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 5.87 6.00 6.37 6.13 5.00 6.70 6.70 7.20 7.10 7.10 6.40 7.63

Tianjin 6.15 5.57 8.80 8.90 8.40 8.95 8.90 10.40 10.00 9.07 9.60 10.40

Hebei 5.24 5.76 6.69 6.89 7.58 7.80 7.43 7.99 7.70 7.71 7.39 7.91

Shanxi 5.31 6.43 7.25 7.46 8.17 9.17 8.92 9.65 9.83 9.60 9.72 10.33

Inner Mongolia 9.30 5.50 9.50 10.05 10.83 10.62 11.76 10.07 11.10 13.39 12.25 10.63

Liaoning 4.68 4.46 6.44 6.76 7.75 8.40 7.64 7.75 8.09 7.31 7.78 8.55

Jilin 5.73 5.08 8.49 6.72 6.96 7.23 7.42 7.64 7.44 7.40 7.42 7.34

Heilongjiang 5.00 4.50 4.00 6.73 4.50 5.00 5.50 4.80 4.50 5.50

Shanghai 8.25 8.10 7.58 7.65 8.28 8.20 8.75 8.93 9.18 9.30 9.00

Jiangsu 5.11 5.60 5.90 5.99 6.01 5.83 5.98 6.92 6.90 6.90 9.33 5.68

Zhejiang 6.91 6.78 6.73 6.66 7.01 7.03 7.16 7.57 7.82 7.50 7.21 6.77

Anhui 6.77 7.96 8.57 8.18 8.39 7.53 8.07 8.11 7.44 8.68 8.74 8.49

Fujian 8.64 8.54 8.29 9.07 8.71 8.95 9.25 9.48 11.98 9.40 9.04 8.95

Jiangxi 7.39 7.94 7.94 8.20 9.24 9.35 9.44 9.82 10.02 10.13 9.33 9.15

Shandong 5.18 5.24 6.01 6.52 6.49 6.29 6.53 7.70 6.90 6.99 7.04 6.76

Henan 6.61 6.94 7.84 8.75 8.59 8.17 8.50 9.47 9.54 9.36 9.36 8.65

Hubei 8.45 8.32 9.54 9.99 8.97 8.54 8.74 9.76 10.26 10.36 10.24 10.59

Hunan 7.44 7.44 7.89 8.60 8.66 9.36 9.02 9.58 10.83 10.07 11.39 10.35

Guangdong 8.01 7.86 8.31 8.45 8.45 8.86 9.00 9.05 9.06 8.96 8.72 8.91

Guangxi 6.84 6.79 6.95 7.09 7.16 7.79 8.03 8.17 8.23 8.28 7.72 7.33

Hainan 10.70 10.58 10.25 9.53 9.78 9.33 10.08 10.20 10.23 9.93 9.70 10.43

Chongqing 6.93 7.43 7.64 6.58 5.62 5.58 5.87 6.48 6.44 6.68 6.67 7.11

Sichuan 6.44 6.69 6.82 6.32 5.66 5.44 5.92 6.09 6.27 6.28 6.14 6.48

Guizhou 7.05 7.50 6.40 6.63 6.06 5.20 5.62 5.65 6.33 6.69 6.40 6.85

Yunnan 8.74 8.95 8.65 8.70 7.94 7.45 7.26 7.07 7.15 7.51 7.56 8.06

Tibet

Shaanxi 5.67 5.40 6.01 7.59 7.37 6.53 6.77 6.98 7.05 10.60 8.28 7.98

Gansu 7.63 7.70 8.36 8.87 8.27 8.28 9.23 10.03 9.83 10.60 10.96 10.24

Qinghai 9.00 9.10 8.20 8.62 8.40 8.03 8.73 8.90 8.36 9.96 9.97 9.64

Ningxia 8.00 7.00 10.00 9.33 7.80 8.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 11.50

Xinjiang 9.80 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.10


Beijing 8.10 6.50 5.00 7.80 8.00 8.30 7.67 6.50 7.36 7.34 8.20 8.80

Tianjin 10.55 9.62 7.73 8.15 9.00 8.90 8.87 8.67 7.10 7.00

Hebei 7.53 7.97 7.60 8.57 7.98 7.64 8.07 7.70 7.96 7.51 6.79 6.85

Shanxi 11.77 11.00 13.05 12.35 12.00 9.67 9.60 9.85 9.89 10.13 9.61 10.22

Inner Mongolia 10.30 9.88 15.20 10.20 13.00 12.89 16.20 11.75 9.00 13.58 12.50 12.50

Liaoning 8.98 9.25 9.80 9.29 9.98 7.75 7.56 8.24 8.35 8.03 8.07 8.15

Jilin 7.68 8.14 8.44 8.06 8.14 8.10 7.66 7.48 7.87 7.87 8.22 8.42

Heilongjiang 6.30 7.00 7.20 7.40 6.00 6.20 7.50 7.50 8.20 8.00

Shanghai 8.85 8.75 9.20 9.10 9.23 9.05 9.18 8.90 8.95 8.95 8.90 9.00

Jiangsu 5.61 6.27 6.23 5.96 5.67 5.44 5.48 6.08 6.31 5.84 5.89 5.57

Zhejiang 6.89 7.15 7.49 7.40 7.33 7.18 6.93 7.00 7.13 6.90 6.75 6.62

Anhui 8.18 8.62 7.98 8.84 7.93 7.13 7.00 7.16 8.16 8.06 7.41 7.08

Fujian 8.92 8.78 8.80 8.77 8.65 7.96 7.66 7.45 8.28 7.46 8.37 9.08

Jiangxi 9.07 9.52 9.85 9.58 9.02 8.74 8.56 8.59 8.70 8.29 8.08 7.48

Shandong 6.85 6.41 6.33 6.11 5.90 5.62 6.60 7.20 6.39 6.27 6.33

Henan 8.58 8.79 8.82 8.26 7.83 7.25 6.94 7.61 7.73 7.59 7.69 7.47

Hubei 10.55 11.94 12.26 11.68 10.80 10.43 9.46 9.56 10.31 9.86 9.44

Hunan 9.19 10.06 10.63 10.49 9.45 9.98 9.98 10.47 9.68 10.24 9.78 9.05

Guangdong 8.75 8.85 8.92 8.61 8.89 8.57 8.14 8.16 7.99 8.22 7.99 7.81

Guangxi 7.45 7.05 6.72 6.56 6.64 6.54 6.91 6.65 6.38 5.77

Hainan 9.05 9.70 8.63 9.23 9.47 8.93 9.43 9.20 7.13 8.25 8.38 8.58

Chongqing 6.01 7.68 8.15 7.45 7.06 6.98 6.78 7.32 7.22 7.72 7.71

Sichuan 6.42 6.92 7.21 7.13 6.95 6.95 7.18 7.32 7.51 7.46 7.53 7.53

Guizhou 7.03 6.80 6.97 6.68 6.63 6.15 7.05 5.90 6.63 7.00 7.58 7.17

Yunnan 7.94 7.88 8.04 7.94 7.59 7.13 7.21 7.05 7.21 7.60 7.93 8.05

Tibet

Shaanxi 7.75 8.88 10.04 11.12 9.60 9.92 10.04 10.15 10.52 10.90 10.03 9.00

Gansu 10.10 11.63 11.42 12.23 11.98 12.32 12.93 12.58 12.00 13.56 11.71 11.63

Qinghai 11.20 12.00 11.38 15.30 12.05 13.63 10.50 10.50 12.00 11.00 11.67

Ningxia 13.50 15.40 15.80 0.00 16.50

Xinjiang 11.00 13.38 12.07 11.06 12.55 8.71 6.38 8.00 14.50


25


Beijing 8.65 8.35 8.64 8.38 9.52 9.76 9.42 9.80 9.68 9.80 9.98 9.12

Tianjin 6.67 6.67 7.67 7.33 7.93 7.57 8.18 8.00 7.83 7.63 7.58 7.00

Hebei 6.50 6.45 6.65 6.09 6.42 6.54 6.35 6.97 6.78 6.62 6.58 6.23

Shanxi 11.00 9.88 10.04 8.86 9.00 9.50 8.66 8.97 8.91 9.35 9.19 9.13

Inner Mongolia 13.93 11.60 14.87 12.08 12.25 11.72 11.58 11.63 12.31 12.02 12.57 11.44

Liaoning 7.97 8.37 8.37 8.47 8.50 8.65 8.95 9.61 9.69 8.81 8.76 8.06

Jilin 8.49 8.49 9.12 8.92 8.75 8.26 9.24 8.90 9.04 8.59 8.16 8.04

Heilongjiang 7.20 7.80 7.60 7.80 8.81 8.80 9.06 8.44 9.36 9.11 9.23 9.07

Shanghai 8.88 8.75 8.35 8.25 8.35 8.03 8.15 8.00 7.63 8.13 8.33 8.28

Jiangsu 5.29 5.73 6.25 4.87 4.60 4.63 4.56 5.30 5.14 5.34 5.24 5.46

Zhejiang 6.97 6.86 6.71 6.09 6.48 6.13 5.56 5.95 6.33 6.29 7.60 6.38

Anhui 7.03 8.11 7.34 6.03 5.43 5.29 5.42 6.65 6.30 7.13 6.71 8.01

Fujian 7.34 6.90 8.41 7.13 7.15 6.44 6.69 6.94 8.39 7.19 7.25 8.49

Jiangxi 7.59 7.58 7.39 7.13 7.04 6.08 6.14 6.37 6.82 6.76 6.54 6.68

Shandong 6.15 5.94 5.85 5.59 5.48 5.35 5.27 5.48 5.65 5.72 5.86 5.49

Henan 7.53 7.45 6.75 6.58 6.29 6.35 6.39 6.77 7.14 7.42 7.35 7.50

Hubei 9.91 10.36 10.73 9.56 7.97 7.72 7.17 7.41 7.36 7.22 7.53 7.87

Hunan 8.84 9.15 8.27 7.99 7.44 7.32 7.93 7.66 7.78 7.74 7.81 7.02

Guangdong 7.80 7.69 8.10 7.77 7.36 7.46 7.51 7.58 7.79 7.92 7.73 8.15

Guangxi 5.76 6.00 5.96 5.64 5.42 5.62 5.81 6.01 6.18 6.19 5.91 5.72

Hainan 8.58 8.45 8.60 8.75 9.35 8.93 8.50 8.58 9.05 8.40 8.88 8.78

Chongqing 7.96 7.79 8.34 7.82 7.36 6.83 6.29 6.81 7.27 7.52 8.04 7.71

Sichuan 7.63 7.80 7.81 7.65 7.57 7.34 7.30 7.28 7.44 7.47 7.26 7.27

Guizhou 7.87 7.49 7.64 7.69 7.10 7.11 7.10 7.35 7.43 7.64 7.33 7.45

Yunnan 8.17 8.19 8.33 8.47 7.91 8.34 8.34 8.32 8.41 8.51 8.57 8.79

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.40 8.30 10.87 7.27 11.00 11.07 7.52 8.00 8.00 7.50 9.00 8.87

Gansu 12.07 12.90 13.08 12.96 11.52 11.59 10.98 11.33 10.65 10.24 10.32 10.39

Qinghai 11.50 11.83 14.75 14.25 12.50 12.25 12.00 10.67 10.77 10.07 10.80 9.80

Ningxia 12.00 15.73 13.50 12.00 10.00 10.00 16.24 15.00 14.14 10.80 8.00

Xinjiang 17.20 11.75 12.50 12.00 11.50 10.57 12.25 12.42 11.43 12.33 11.36


Beijing 10.24 9.56 9.51 9.49 9.26 9.24 9.33 9.35 10.13 10.09 11.14 11.13

Tianjin 6.80 6.85 7.60 6.83 7.95 8.35 8.40 8.13 8.17 9.20 9.90 10.57

Hebei 5.84 6.64 7.08 6.98 6.30 6.93 7.80 8.37 8.13 9.23 8.47 8.36

Shanxi 9.90 9.94 9.21 10.05 10.16 10.04 10.59 11.40 10.46 11.14 12.36 11.58

Inner Mongolia 14.36 12.67 17.75 11.85 12.41 13.53 11.30 13.67 11.26 13.54 14.56 11.50

Liaoning 7.60 8.25 9.24 9.27 8.71 8.87 9.21 9.55 9.49 8.88 9.75 9.65

Jilin 8.00 8.84 9.88 10.00 9.42 9.04 8.74 9.24 9.13 8.78 9.37 9.59

Heilongjiang 8.80 8.75 9.09 9.55 8.37 8.42 8.88 9.04 8.89 8.82 8.92 8.82

Shanghai 8.41 8.29 8.50 8.34 8.63 9.20 9.13 9.23 9.39 9.58 11.63 11.15

Jiangsu 5.30 5.32 5.15 5.00 5.04 4.96 5.60 6.15 6.78 6.96 7.44 7.26

Zhejiang 6.32 6.43 6.51 6.55 6.80 7.14 7.11 7.58 8.45 8.73 8.75 8.35

Anhui 6.74 6.67 6.65 7.29 6.34 6.43 6.67 7.51 7.97 7.84 8.46 8.83

Fujian 8.43 8.77 7.31 7.57 7.55 7.95 8.14 9.37 8.95 9.50 10.26 10.11

Jiangxi 6.87 6.97 7.32 7.58 7.72 8.06 8.36 8.67 9.30 9.94 10.39 10.28

Shandong 5.54 5.51 5.43 5.61 5.40 5.84 6.32 6.65 7.03 8.76 7.92 8.03

Henan 7.14 7.52 6.78 6.97 6.51 6.78 7.27 7.91 8.23 9.03 9.27 9.07

Hubei 8.47 8.46 8.55 8.34 8.01 7.56 7.96 8.28 9.33 9.91 10.67 10.72

Hunan 7.34 8.02 7.79 7.62 8.04 7.52 7.56 8.36 9.92 9.22 10.37 9.98

Guangdong 8.13 8.24 8.39 8.30 8.56 8.45 8.85 9.19 9.44 9.60 10.08 10.01

Guangxi 5.73 5.78 5.95 6.02 5.97 6.71 7.14 7.45 7.70 7.88 7.71 7.59

Hainan 8.55 8.70 6.73 8.68 7.58 8.70 8.75 9.00 10.30 9.03 11.80 11.50

Chongqing 7.32 7.86 7.54 7.39 5.95 5.39 5.58 5.69 6.16 6.67 7.42 7.54

Sichuan 7.26 7.35 7.08 7.19 6.07 6.06 6.03 6.17 6.06 6.24 6.57 6.40

Guizhou 7.47 7.37 7.61 7.24 6.95 6.80 7.02 7.08 7.31 7.52 7.98 8.29

Yunnan 8.52 8.60 8.66 8.45 8.10 7.92 7.61 7.76 7.90 7.91 8.39 8.42

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.60 8.60 10.00 8.70 3.20 7.00 8.00

Gansu 10.41 10.25 10.98 11.23 10.83 10.56 10.97 10.62 11.27 11.78 10.94 11.86

Qinghai 11.04 11.00 12.20 12.30 11.56 11.08 12.33 10.62 9.25 10.75 10.58 11.00

Ningxia 8.10 6.95 8.12 8.12 12.10 8.50 9.14 9.04 9.24 8.60 9.73 10.63

Xinjiang 13.30 12.60 11.60 11.14 11.40 10.64 11.50 10.92 10.45 10.53 9.56 9.86


26


Beijing 11.16 11.27 12.17 13.31 13.62 14.32 16.47 16.23 15.40 17.00 17.46 17.50

Tianjin 11.00 10.93 13.67 13.47 8.73 9.40 10.00 10.25 17.10 20.67 20.25 13.73

Hebei 8.35 9.89 11.82 14.24 15.29 17.04 16.66 17.35 17.79 16.92 13.55 13.99

Shanxi 11.50 12.23 13.60 15.08 15.36 15.88 17.25 19.54 20.88 19.69 19.85 19.42

Inner Mongolia 10.25 13.50 13.37 15.13 15.37 16.09 15.12 14.25 15.77 15.44 16.42 16.18

Liaoning 10.45 11.55 13.83 16.62 15.64 19.12 17.99 19.18 19.27 19.73 16.45 15.91

Jilin 9.25 10.45 11.21 14.40 14.25 16.25 16.50 17.85 18.65 18.40 16.72 16.20

Heilongjiang 8.60 9.18 9.78 10.81 10.75 12.96 12.96 13.09 15.06 14.82 14.01 13.80

Shanghai 10.88 10.10 11.00 13.25 13.75 13.88 15.75 15.88 16.75 16.38 14.13 15.35

Jiangsu 7.24 7.42 8.74 9.32 8.75 9.77 10.67 12.03 13.23 12.22 11.05 10.51

Zhejiang 8.67 9.37 10.27 11.01 10.80 11.28 11.46 12.18 13.37 13.11 11.08 11.40

Anhui 8.63 9.27 11.32 11.28 11.43 11.29 13.31 14.18 14.72 14.37 12.67 12.06

Fujian 10.54 9.96 11.35 11.97 11.68 11.84 12.92 13.95 14.08 15.28 13.84 14.35

Jiangxi 10.30 10.60 11.79 12.60 12.37 12.82 13.76 14.50 16.32 15.55 13.82 12.97

Shandong 7.97 8.35 9.33 10.41 10.58 11.01 11.09 11.46 12.15 12.40 10.96 9.68

Henan 9.12 10.20 12.42 12.74 12.64 13.94 14.75 17.49 18.70 17.69 16.16 14.55

Hubei 11.31 12.34 13.54 13.61 13.23 13.79 14.36 16.98 19.15 17.90 16.36 16.31

Hunan 10.14 10.08 11.21 11.89 11.68 12.44 13.37 17.50 18.45 17.24 15.20 14.30

Guangdong 9.91 10.48 11.11 11.83 12.14 12.55 13.30 15.22 15.97 15.82 15.21 14.49

Guangxi 7.68 7.68 8.26 8.38 8.44 9.71 10.10 11.07 12.29 11.95 10.75 9.90

Hainan 10.85 11.88 9.00 10.35 10.88 12.35 12.65 12.75 12.80 12.53 12.50 11.60

Chongqing 7.71 7.68 8.60 9.13 8.65 8.67 9.94 11.66 13.30 12.32 11.79 12.15

Sichuan 6.48 6.69 7.52 7.74 7.95 9.31 9.60 10.69 11.95 11.38 10.19 10.15

Guizhou 8.50 8.76 9.13 9.49 9.76 10.19 11.00 12.59 13.80 13.81 13.44 13.67

Yunnan 8.64 8.85 9.56 9.97 9.99 9.81 10.15 11.14 12.52 12.93 12.59 11.86

Tibet

Shaanxi 10.83 12.47 13.50 12.55 12.98 14.78 17.23 17.52 18.75 18.85 16.81 15.77

Gansu 11.34 12.48 13.25 14.21 13.97 15.05 15.29 17.27 18.55 18.47 17.38 16.62

Qinghai 15.00 12.75 15.50 15.00 14.97 16.52 15.67 16.27 17.52 17.17 19.00 16.50

Ningxia 12.95 12.70 12.77 14.40 14.90 17.20 17.20 17.33 22.75 22.75 16.15 15.87

Xinjiang 10.23 12.60 14.25 10.35 12.20 14.19 15.00 11.00 12.50 15.40 15.17 14.60


Beijing 17.48 18.38 18.04 17.84 18.13 17.85 16.58 14.50 15.16 12.92 10.23 10.22

Tianjin 12.58 13.33 13.38 14.13 14.80 15.28 15.58 16.30 16.70 17.03 16.70 16.03

Hebei 13.46 14.14 14.45 15.18 15.23 15.34 14.48 13.55 12.29 7.90 6.00 6.60

Shanxi 18.25 19.50 22.00 21.00 19.35 19.38 19.27 18.45 17.46 14.47 11.88 11.13

Inner Mongolia 13.68 12.67 17.32 17.95 17.75 17.50 18.09 18.09 18.00 17.00 16.75 15.90

Liaoning 15.36 16.58 18.00 19.00 18.91 19.55 19.14 17.73 14.75 8.18 8.06 6.27

Jilin 15.90 17.10 19.56 20.10 19.06 19.74 19.60 17.40 15.24 10.25 8.45 7.22

Heilongjiang 13.95 11.60 14.23 17.79 17.50 16.49 16.00 16.01 13.14 10.46 8.86 8.54

Shanghai 14.10 14.85 15.80 15.95 15.98 15.85 16.24 14.45 13.75 12.00 10.50 10.30

Jiangsu 10.63 9.79 11.55 10.47 10.02 9.95 9.41 9.18 9.16 7.57 6.43 5.57

Zhejiang 10.97 11.46 11.77 11.61 11.57 11.45 10.90 10.35 9.85 7.41 7.23 7.35

Anhui 12.90 13.26 13.55 12.70 12.83 12.23 12.08 11.65 10.44 9.02 8.60 9.07

Fujian 13.70 12.10 12.94 14.24 13.96 12.75 12.96 12.43 11.55 7.87 6.94 8.64

Jiangxi 12.87 12.63 13.64 14.07 12.92 12.41 12.05 11.41 11.92 8.86 7.67 7.96

Shandong 9.65 9.84 10.27 10.38 10.42 10.31 9.52 8.77 8.03 6.46 6.31 5.93

Henan 14.99 15.47 16.65 14.86 14.63 14.43 16.14 13.63 13.89 9.21 7.96 8.06

Hubei 16.62 17.03 18.38 17.73 15.88 15.80 14.34 14.15 13.60 12.03 9.78 9.07

Hunan 15.78 14.51 15.13 15.29 14.55 13.98 13.46 12.81 12.87 10.61 9.07 9.16

Guangdong 14.76 14.69 15.08 14.91 14.84 13.81 14.14 13.51 12.71 11.65 10.27 10.03

Guangxi 10.02 9.88 9.53 8.92 8.58 8.72 8.71 8.45 8.30 7.31 6.29 6.29

Hainan 12.00 12.18 11.85 11.00 11.00 10.75 10.50 9.75 10.40 8.90 8.48 8.63

Chongqing 12.52 12.29 12.97 12.50 11.09 10.16 9.21 8.88 9.04 7.66 6.77 6.75

Sichuan 10.14 10.37 11.21 10.66 9.96 10.06 9.21 8.00 8.32 7.27 6.56 6.33

Guizhou 12.63 12.91 13.14 12.14 10.73 9.41 9.38 8.85 9.22 8.30 7.33 7.13

Yunnan 11.82 11.79 11.66 11.49 10.67 10.09 9.38 8.90 8.75 8.51 7.96 7.85

Tibet

Shaanxi 16.00 16.76 18.18 18.58 17.28 17.16 16.97 16.25 15.25 13.48 11.38 9.97

Gansu 16.57 16.44 17.51 17.32 18.71 20.37 18.30 18.54 17.79 16.79 16.44 16.02

Qinghai 14.30 16.30 15.20 15.33 15.00 16.18 15.50 15.08 15.88 16.28 15.23 14.12

Ningxia 16.83 22.00 24.83 19.80 19.30 17.48 18.68 16.52 14.57 14.57 12.40 13.20

Xinjiang 14.29 15.29 18.44 18.43 18.25 17.20 16.29 17.05 15.94 14.56 14.61 16.43


27


Beijing 10.31 11.69 10.23 8.48 7.26 7.45 8.26 9.33 9.83 9.80 11.15 10.62

Tianjin 11.67 8.77 9.48 8.98 7.27 7.13 6.98 7.43 6.87 8.38 9.00 9.33

Hebei 8.01 8.78 8.47 6.82 5.75 5.80 6.62 7.39 9.41 9.09 9.79 9.93

Shanxi 11.12 10.55 10.88 9.57 8.68 8.31 9.15 10.04 11.18 11.20 11.96 14.08

Inner Mongolia 14.83 15.13 15.82 13.73 13.00 12.83 12.21 13.00 14.33 13.32 13.71 15.00

Liaoning 8.67 10.22 8.45 7.42 6.15 5.67 6.77 8.07 10.16 10.57 10.45 12.40

Jilin 8.65 8.86 8.60 6.67 6.10 5.25 6.15 7.79 8.66 10.00 10.65 13.90

Heilongjiang 8.37 9.51 7.42 6.89 5.91 5.83 6.33 8.09 8.90 9.19 9.49 11.75

Shanghai 10.35 10.25 8.75 9.00 8.75 8.75 8.75 10.40 10.75 11.40 11.75 14.50

Jiangsu 6.47 6.68 5.40 4.54 4.13 3.88 4.28 6.03 6.65 6.73 8.12 9.28

Zhejiang 8.08 8.16 7.51 6.81 6.35 6.23 6.36 7.84 9.34 9.03 9.79 11.61

Anhui 8.91 8.94 8.09 5.96 5.66 5.48 5.58 6.68 7.86 9.18 10.13 11.03

Fujian 11.80 10.82 9.00 8.26 7.30 6.73 7.27 10.65 13.71 14.56 14.22 14.83

Jiangxi 8.32 7.87 7.72 6.88 6.30 5.96 6.77 8.00 10.34 10.97 11.78 12.87

Shandong 6.66 6.50 6.04 5.56 4.89 4.79 5.45 6.60 7.16 7.08 9.08 9.44

Henan 9.24 8.44 7.12 5.67 5.16 5.25 5.43 8.74 9.22 10.01 10.12 12.17

Hubei 10.33 10.60 8.84 7.52 6.51 6.17 6.14 8.98 10.01 10.05 10.77 13.41

Hunan 9.40 9.48 8.37 6.56 5.85 6.31 7.32 8.66 10.84 11.50 11.55 13.06

Guangdong 10.86 11.29 11.08 10.33 9.84 10.05 10.27 10.79 12.06 13.17 13.18 14.88

Guangxi 6.07 6.03 5.40 4.90 4.72 5.83 5.86 6.23 7.52 7.41 7.59 8.57

Hainan 8.88 9.13 9.48 9.45 9.45 9.00 9.08 9.10 9.38 9.30 9.30 10.13

Chongqing 7.56 7.70 7.22 5.53 4.62 4.46 4.89 6.04 6.89 6.70 7.19 8.14

Sichuan 6.97 7.16 6.79 6.03 5.65 5.44 6.13 6.46 7.09 7.58 7.00 7.60

Guizhou 7.25 7.48 7.63 7.10 6.09 5.71 5.68 6.51 7.36 7.74 7.60 7.91

Yunnan 7.49 8.38 8.54 7.72 7.07 6.73 6.60 7.20 7.85 8.48 8.77 9.91

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.85 12.78 11.57 9.84 7.96 6.80 5.86 8.93 10.29 10.54 10.20 10.75

Gansu 15.39 13.82 14.99 15.09 13.72 13.07 12.82 13.18 13.62 12.46 14.09 15.78

Qinghai 14.12 14.73 14.93 13.17 16.67 14.67 15.00 12.00 13.58 13.75 15.80 15.63

Ningxia 14.55 18.50 14.45 14.50 8.67 10.00 8.83 9.33 11.25 9.30 11.67

Xinjiang 14.56 15.59 16.39 16.00 14.70 13.92 12.74 12.00 14.93 14.58 14.14 14.58


Beijing 12.00 12.53 12.73 12.53 14.07 15.00 19.36 23.00 22.67 21.50 23.33 22.78

Tianjin 9.87 9.95 10.35 10.86 10.75 23.25 23.30 24.75 24.75 21.00 24.50 25.00

Hebei 10.91 10.73 12.97 13.18 16.32 18.40 24.50 25.87 23.83 20.83 22.10 27.15

Shanxi 15.08 15.70 15.95 16.38 19.64 25.25 25.11 29.36 29.58 26.00 28.13 32.38

Inner Mongolia 15.92 17.75 18.33 18.33 17.00 19.95 21.08 23.75 24.91 23.92 23.55 22.50

Liaoning 15.36 15.53 16.27 17.00 22.09 25.82 29.27 37.36 35.45 32.00 32.91 36.55

Jilin 14.20 13.50 15.75 16.80 19.40 20.89 26.90 39.58 31.30 26.00 30.00 33.30

Heilongjiang 11.65 12.09 13.00 13.92 15.89 19.49 23.10 30.38 25.23 22.46 24.08 26.00

Shanghai 15.65 15.90 15.35 15.50 16.50 19.75 21.50 23.75 22.00 21.00 23.25 24.65

Jiangsu 8.88 8.60 8.46 8.52 9.73 12.28 14.02 15.69 16.00 14.79 16.64 17.36

Zhejiang 11.93 11.37 11.03 11.46 12.76 14.92 16.57 18.52 18.59 17.39 17.75 18.52

Anhui 11.33 10.18 9.90 10.76 12.18 12.32 15.72 17.69 17.96 18.02 19.44 22.88

Fujian 15.23 19.04 15.79 16.70 19.91 22.24 27.08 28.48 28.39 26.34 29.24 30.70

Jiangxi 12.86 13.47 13.34 13.18 15.37 17.70 19.52 21.89 23.87 21.91 22.57 25.84

Shandong 9.27 8.64 9.01 9.90 11.30 11.96 13.79 15.70 15.10 14.84 15.87 17.74

Henan 12.95 13.29 11.98 13.11 16.61 17.73 20.09 24.73 23.70 23.20 25.28 27.76

Hubei 14.40 14.77 15.63 16.34 18.07 20.17 22.00 29.10 28.85 27.10 28.60 31.75

Hunan 14.18 15.91 15.26 17.31 19.36 20.93 24.36 32.75 31.37 31.04 30.43 33.12

Guangdong 15.67 15.25 15.33 15.09 16.47 20.01 26.13 26.00 26.77 26.49 27.87 31.05

Guangxi 8.96 9.49 9.15 9.37 10.81 11.78 17.82 19.91 20.58 18.58 19.33 22.65

Hainan 10.53 10.95 11.25 11.05 12.23 13.75 18.75 17.25 17.25 16.65 17.45 20.23

Chongqing 8.55 9.72 10.16 10.19 11.63 12.87 15.72 20.54 21.83 22.44 23.35 26.72

Sichuan 8.14 8.49 9.11 9.72 10.54 12.11 14.64 17.77 19.70 20.47 20.79 23.07

Guizhou 9.34 9.88 10.27 11.09 12.30 14.02 16.92 22.28 22.58 21.64 22.50 25.27

Yunnan 10.69 12.06 12.31 13.39 13.38 16.11 16.83 19.68 21.39 23.11 23.29 26.04

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.09 10.98 13.48 16.47 15.23 18.31 22.50 27.55 27.63 27.00 27.11 30.43

Gansu 15.69 15.96 16.05 15.68 18.05 21.11 23.17 24.41 25.95 26.66 25.20 25.96

Qinghai 18.00 16.00 15.40 16.60 16.40 16.20 16.75 18.25 18.10 19.75 31.67 36.25

Ningxia 12.50 13.00 14.83 15.25 19.73 23.25 19.00 19.00 24.00 22.90 22.90 27.70

Xinjiang 14.93 14.58 14.03 14.71 15.61 18.83 20.17 24.14 23.08 22.87 23.00 23.60


28


Beijing 25.31 26.90 27.18 30.52 31.10 31.41 31.29 29.90 26.22 20.86 18.83 18.65

Tianjin 29.46 31.05 33.85 37.28 37.85 36.95 31.88 28.07 25.88 19.98 14.71 15.32

Hebei 28.74 29.86 34.67 37.66 35.71 34.86 31.85 28.90 24.13 17.47 15.34 16.22

Shanxi 35.13 36.27 39.58 43.71 43.83 42.00 40.93 40.03 38.03 28.46 22.49 20.39

Inner Mongolia 25.16 26.00 32.10 40.43 45.04 45.04 43.66 41.49 40.60 34.43 29.56 28.85

Liaoning 40.07 42.00 48.56 53.12 47.52 46.54 45.60 40.58 34.73 24.19 20.85 22.32

Jilin 37.50 39.61 50.76 50.39 42.33 43.23 44.74 38.50 30.75 18.93 15.34 17.34

Heilongjiang 31.14 33.51 41.65 47.52 44.02 41.73 39.84 37.21 30.61 23.11 18.38 19.12

Shanghai 28.60 30.07 32.12 31.72 29.15 27.50 27.50 25.29 22.66 19.83 18.07 18.39

Jiangsu 19.38 20.85 24.02 23.94 20.25 19.84 18.79 18.98 19.53 14.91 11.54 12.14

Zhejiang 22.65 24.66 27.08 29.08 26.18 24.32 21.46 19.73 19.48 16.97 15.11 14.51

Anhui 25.27 25.80 28.63 30.91 27.57 25.55 23.67 23.21 22.77 19.47 16.17 15.85

Fujian 38.44 44.07 54.34 53.02 45.90 43.73 40.60 34.90 28.44 22.03 21.97 23.33

Jiangxi 25.45 26.02 26.78 27.58 27.83 28.09 27.88 27.78 26.93 23.50 20.37 20.50

Shandong 22.95 24.17 26.92 27.59 24.14 23.34 21.98 20.60 18.10 14.57 12.52 13.00

Henan 30.03 31.50 37.46 41.51 36.50 35.17 35.32 32.98 30.04 25.45 22.51 21.39

Hubei 34.25 35.65 40.65 43.45 37.78 34.57 37.70 36.47 33.62 26.50 21.81 21.89

Hunan 41.19 43.73 46.46 49.21 44.35 40.62 38.30 36.45 33.33 25.95 21.62 22.52

Guangdong 35.90 38.23 50.16 55.69 50.89 50.42 43.80 35.37 32.27 25.77 23.18 25.01

Guangxi 23.95 24.90 29.39 30.08 27.55 26.81 24.39 22.63 21.39 17.53 15.34 15.03

Hainan 21.56 22.07 29.99 37.26 36.08 35.58 30.43 28.04 22.33 17.35 15.71 16.44

Chongqing 30.26 30.92 32.10 34.22 33.70 30.55 28.25 27.88 27.96 24.08 19.23 18.30

Sichuan 24.73 24.90 26.27 27.94 26.31 23.82 22.37 22.74 23.32 20.47 16.60 16.64

Guizhou 27.21 27.91 29.49 32.59 33.49 33.24 31.72 30.24 29.25 27.60 22.75 18.58

Yunnan 28.15 30.40 34.30 37.21 34.82 32.98 29.79 27.22 26.57 23.48 20.20 18.13

Tibet

Shaanxi 36.59 40.45 44.06 50.23 45.91 42.13 41.92 40.46 37.54 29.19 22.84 21.38

Gansu 29.52 30.23 34.38 40.75 40.92 40.57 40.27 38.35 35.90 32.27 30.10 25.40

Qinghai 41.16 39.73 44.34 59.33 55.50 61.20 56.60 54.25 49.20 47.32 43.70 35.15

Ningxia 31.38 33.31 36.32 41.61 43.33 39.84 37.40 35.13 33.92 30.53 27.13 20.29

Xinjiang 28.44 29.47 29.93 31.64 32.93 32.70 31.85 30.18 28.96 26.19 22.88 20.07


Beijing 18.81 18.44 16.66 16.13 14.55 14.47 15.55 16.96 17.66 17.72 17.59 16.15

Tianjin 16.42 17.02 16.15 16.63 13.07 14.87 17.08 19.20 20.64 20.04 16.56 18.97

Hebei 17.11 17.02 17.95 17.53 14.87 15.03 15.87 17.16 18.24 16.58 14.92 14.80

Shanxi 22.18 22.54 22.70 22.54 19.59 19.53 19.94 21.71 21.95 20.58 19.06 19.53

Inner Mongolia 27.41 27.71 28.10 26.43 23.12 22.46 22.06 22.81 23.71 24.06 23.93 23.98

Liaoning 24.67 25.44 23.88 22.24 20.36 20.22 22.64 25.93 27.79 28.29 27.95 28.92

Jilin 18.63 20.79 21.15 19.18 18.00 20.31 23.77 26.21 26.62 24.16 21.41 22.57

Heilongjiang 19.12 19.00 17.60 18.34 17.76 18.39 21.11 22.46 24.26 23.78 22.87 23.43

Shanghai 20.23 18.68 17.63 16.87 16.86 17.45 18.79 22.05 23.18 21.88 21.25 23.30

Jiangsu 12.57 12.72 12.30 10.36 9.05 8.54 9.88 11.71 13.63 12.74 12.42 12.47

Zhejiang 15.01 14.79 14.39 12.92 12.16 12.19 13.31 14.97 15.70 15.69 15.53 16.09

Anhui 16.37 14.89 13.39 12.57 10.96 10.50 11.11 12.85 14.10 13.97 13.88 14.26

Fujian 25.57 24.44 24.37 23.40 20.67 21.46 23.79 26.91 27.71 27.17 26.30 27.39

Jiangxi 21.22 20.46 19.74 18.80 15.94 15.25 16.52 18.43 19.86 20.04 19.47 19.64

Shandong 13.47 13.05 13.05 12.33 11.20 11.31 11.83 13.04 13.60 12.87 12.98 13.92

Henan 21.55 20.54 19.07 17.29 13.96 13.79 14.82 17.06 17.86 17.01 16.53 17.02

Hubei 23.94 23.78 22.73 19.94 16.25 15.40 16.52 20.25 21.28 19.93 19.00 19.31

Hunan 23.80 24.15 23.91 21.39 17.15 16.99 18.48 20.73 21.82 21.20 20.44 20.91

Guangdong 26.01 25.52 25.07 24.09 20.62 20.58 20.76 22.50 24.31 24.23 24.09 24.91

Guangxi 15.47 15.59 15.23 14.15 12.11 11.87 11.40 12.64 13.37 13.24 12.79 12.74

Hainan 17.33 17.47 17.42 17.34 14.43 14.18 14.05 14.98 16.39 15.90 15.31 16.20

Chongqing 18.32 19.29 18.96 15.88 12.47 11.70 10.94 13.45 14.06 13.17 11.88 10.99

Sichuan 17.00 17.22 16.42 14.20 11.32 10.77 11.12 12.70 13.35 12.89 12.15 11.88

Guizhou 18.73 19.48 20.17 18.20 13.87 11.36 11.23 12.89 13.40 12.36 11.23 10.10

Yunnan 19.21 20.18 20.33 17.93 13.44 11.37 10.77 11.86 13.43 13.19 13.00 12.76

Tibet

Shaanxi 22.29 23.27 24.53 22.55 17.96 17.93 19.20 21.31 22.82 22.14 21.18 19.72

Gansu 25.36 24.78 24.36 23.06 20.81 20.27 20.67 21.30 22.02 21.48 21.17 20.87

Qinghai 35.00 37.16 32.55 28.14 18.08 16.75 16.70 18.75 19.91 18.81 17.33 16.32

Ningxia 19.45 23.20 25.84 22.50 17.36 16.43 17.44 19.14 21.92 20.49 20.18 20.06

Xinjiang 18.42 18.27 17.72 17.31 15.04 14.59 15.24 17.07 18.31 17.81 16.81 16.70


29


Beijing 12.78 12.95 13.03 12.25 13.00 14.40 15.20 16.66 18.09 17.26 15.90 15.68

Tianjin 19.19 17.00 16.93 17.11 17.40 17.60 18.84 19.92 22.16 21.75 21.61 21.75

Hebei 14.84 14.39 14.32 13.87 14.93 14.50 16.16 18.28 17.45 16.03 15.22 15.06

Shanxi 19.95 18.80 18.62 16.58 16.66 16.28 18.88 21.25 21.94 21.04 21.14 21.95

Inner Mongolia 24.04 23.35 22.77 20.82 20.59 20.06 19.73 20.18 20.14 20.14 20.41 20.70

Liaoning 28.26 26.47 22.65 21.17 20.53 20.41 22.89 25.18 25.06 23.67 24.83 25.39

Jilin 21.95 19.74 16.99 17.08 17.44 17.36 20.22 22.81 22.44 20.66 21.01 21.11

Heilongjiang 22.48 21.00 18.94 18.52 18.39 17.79 19.56 21.16 21.15 21.07 22.56 22.43

Shanghai 22.91 20.81 20.15 20.17 20.57 20.08 21.03 22.12 22.32 22.06 22.45 22.60

Jiangsu 12.19 10.94 9.02 8.85 9.32 8.52 10.07 12.25 12.84 12.40 12.77 11.91

Zhejiang 16.02 14.84 14.14 13.62 13.56 13.38 14.44 15.40 15.70 15.93 16.41 16.26

Anhui 13.74 13.02 11.50 10.63 11.49 11.12 12.39 13.60 14.49 14.47 14.97 14.67

Fujian 27.20 25.95 24.14 23.58 23.46 22.52 25.50 27.80 28.10 28.45 29.70 28.97

Jiangxi 19.70 19.23 18.11 17.19 17.02 16.94 18.19 19.26 20.14 21.39 22.42 22.83

Shandong 13.77 12.66 11.32 11.43 12.00 11.54 12.64 13.76 13.79 13.84 14.26 14.14

Henan 16.97 15.90 14.58 13.98 14.36 14.33 16.00 17.73 18.10 18.27 18.64 18.87

Hubei 19.07 17.51 16.55 15.41 15.14 14.58 16.03 17.76 19.30 19.96 20.39 20.68

Hunan 21.00 19.94 18.13 17.03 15.96 15.62 17.28 19.39 20.72 21.29 21.85 21.91

Guangdong 25.51 24.15 23.11 23.45 22.78 21.20 22.99 26.00 26.73 26.99 27.78 27.00

Guangxi 12.45 11.82 11.08 10.25 9.88 9.25 10.79 13.26 13.90 14.91 15.41 14.91

Hainan 16.56 15.67 15.81 15.91 15.42 14.72 15.46 17.32 17.72 18.40 19.32 19.38

Chongqing 11.08 11.20 10.77 10.11 9.94 9.33 9.66 11.51 12.54 12.19 11.79 12.30

Sichuan 11.95 11.73 11.36 10.73 10.86 10.21 11.03 12.77 13.98 13.65 13.74 13.90

Guizhou 9.92 10.60 10.17 8.58 8.14 8.46 9.09 11.33 12.58 12.67 12.65 13.67

Yunnan 12.77 13.70 13.70 11.84 11.26 10.92 10.68 12.52 14.11 14.60 15.40 16.56

Tibet

Shaanxi 18.26 17.18 16.14 15.13 16.48 15.88 17.21 19.38 20.02 19.08 18.26 18.23

Gansu 20.37 19.97 19.01 16.84 16.02 16.26 18.82 21.75 22.33 22.80 22.64 22.75

Qinghai 17.49 17.89 17.96 17.77 17.23 17.85 18.92 18.25 18.40 18.13 18.76 21.83

Ningxia 19.98 18.16 17.68 15.86 14.27 14.80 15.70 18.25 19.17 19.46 19.24 19.93

Xinjiang 17.10 16.98 15.75 14.91 14.91 14.45 15.47 16.58 17.82 18.45 18.66 18.99


Beijing 16.19 17.88 20.14 23.74 26.06 30.70 33.88 34.50 32.63 30.50 28.30 28.50

Tianjin 22.21 22.40 23.23 24.18 26.83 32.73 34.38 31.17 33.09 33.33 31.93 31.63

Hebei 15.12 16.19 21.07 24.18 27.04 30.91 34.15 34.91 36.24 33.38 28.09 26.10

Shanxi 22.17 23.03 28.07 30.30 33.29 39.02 45.21 45.45 44.39 41.99 38.04 35.25

Inner Mongolia 20.61 20.74 21.96 24.37 26.63 29.06 31.10 32.42 33.65 33.80 33.64 33.58

Liaoning 24.66 25.35 30.87 33.77 37.03 45.48 51.20 52.37 52.50 49.94 43.18 40.67

Jilin 20.08 21.07 28.27 29.77 34.49 43.54 48.80 48.50 47.75 45.00 37.46 34.08

Heilongjiang 21.48 21.74 23.63 25.71 28.17 34.84 40.09 40.21 39.54 38.34 35.49 33.62

Shanghai 22.88 24.39 27.17 27.47 28.86 34.62 37.76 37.97 36.96 34.46 30.60 27.68

Jiangsu 11.78 13.06 16.21 18.87 21.10 24.98 26.61 27.22 29.27 26.46 21.09 17.91

Zhejiang 15.89 16.55 18.34 18.76 19.65 22.84 24.77 26.05 26.99 26.14 23.60 21.80

Anhui 14.72 15.33 17.66 19.79 20.97 25.05 27.79 28.88 31.04 29.86 26.15 23.61

Fujian 28.42 30.96 35.10 37.63 39.25 46.14 49.00 49.25 49.57 46.62 38.97 35.24

Jiangxi 22.46 23.10 25.08 26.51 28.34 31.91 35.18 36.36 37.74 37.04 33.27 31.28

Shandong 13.72 14.31 17.22 19.45 21.56 25.34 27.49 27.26 27.90 26.80 23.47 21.24

Henan 19.10 19.53 22.60 25.31 27.50 34.76 40.67 41.78 42.71 40.48 34.33 31.82

Hubei 21.05 22.55 26.21 27.64 28.92 33.80 40.25 42.65 43.82 41.83 36.47 33.82

Hunan 21.98 23.21 27.64 30.49 32.48 38.05 43.15 44.50 46.31 44.76 40.01 36.45

Guangdong 26.25 27.93 31.99 32.87 33.78 38.03 41.59 41.27 42.28 41.24 35.09 32.41

Guangxi 14.15 14.70 16.37 17.33 18.13 21.29 25.78 26.12 27.74 27.29 23.65 21.49

Hainan 18.99 20.23 23.99 26.93 28.08 31.76 34.55 33.42 34.46 34.86 29.45 27.16

Chongqing 13.25 14.55 17.57 20.50 20.94 23.19 27.53 29.59 30.15 28.47 25.22 23.78

Sichuan 14.26 14.78 16.61 18.68 19.01 21.51 25.54 27.68 27.92 27.31 23.76 22.20

Guizhou 14.11 14.21 16.68 19.64 21.35 23.30 26.97 29.31 30.03 29.76 27.45 25.31

Yunnan 16.63 17.05 20.06 23.23 24.22 26.27 30.12 32.70 34.91 35.32 33.61 31.61

Tibet

Shaanxi 18.84 19.76 28.85 30.01 31.33 36.53 41.10 42.03 42.93 41.53 35.97 32.20

Gansu 22.73 23.18 25.92 27.63 28.32 31.79 36.45 38.03 39.27 39.48 38.65 37.03

Qinghai 22.53 22.90 25.01 27.81 32.13 40.05 47.94 48.20 46.84 44.83 41.47 42.34

Ningxia 20.40 21.45 27.14 31.03 30.73 32.11 34.28 33.64 34.78 33.32 30.71 28.54

Xinjiang 19.13 19.90 21.92 24.41 25.87 28.67 34.69 35.76 37.11 37.43 35.30 32.25


30

Exhibit 42: Pork Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 9.23 9.00 8.07 8.17 8.80 8.30 8.85 10.13 10.25 9.75 10.60 10.35

Tianjin 9.00 9.33 7.50 8.83 9.50 9.63 9.63 8.20 12.00 10.50 12.67 11.75

Hebei 9.33 9.51 8.57 8.83 8.88 9.31 9.63 10.70 10.85 10.63 11.11 10.87

Shanxi 8.73 8.06 8.38 8.25 8.04 8.62 8.96 10.76 10.07 9.85 10.56 11.26

Inner Mongolia 9.13 8.70 8.09 8.38 8.50 7.31 7.98 9.54 9.78 9.99 9.91 10.06

Liaoning 8.47 7.85 8.28 8.33 8.49 8.75 8.85 9.91 10.02 10.25 10.75 10.59

Jilin 8.50 7.10 7.64 7.00 7.20 8.07 8.22 9.48 9.63 9.85 10.23 10.62

Heilongjiang 7.60 7.00 6.50 7.68 7.30 7.40 8.00 8.40 8.00 9.00

Shanghai 14.38 13.30 13.90 13.75 14.00 13.75 13.65 13.50 14.00 14.00 14.00

Jiangsu 12.25 9.40 9.88 9.69 9.37 9.63 9.68 10.47 10.58 10.53 10.90 10.68

Zhejiang 6.95 10.54 10.17 10.04 10.04 9.80 10.10 10.96 10.86 11.25 11.33 11.18

Anhui 10.65 11.23 10.95 10.74 11.01 10.34 10.46 11.60 10.90 11.46 11.40 11.27

Fujian 11.79 12.16 11.70 11.56 11.19 11.61 11.66 11.54 11.42 11.51 11.21 11.40

Jiangxi 11.16 11.37 10.85 10.74 10.69 10.66 10.69 11.16 11.41 11.18 10.00 11.53

Shandong 9.46 9.41 9.47 9.19 9.34 9.00 9.68 9.50 10.47 10.40 11.10 10.69

Henan 10.34 9.75 9.52 9.66 9.31 9.14 9.35 9.90 10.22 10.38 10.77 10.90

Hubei 11.07 11.15 10.80 10.86 10.00 10.43 10.50 11.22 11.56 11.34 11.18 11.44

Hunan 10.34 10.34 10.18 10.17 9.93 10.28 10.11 10.28 11.05 10.80 10.44 11.04

Guangdong 12.94 12.83 12.59 12.44 12.24 12.13 12.09 12.23 12.31 12.02 12.13 11.64

Guangxi 11.31 11.30 11.29 11.05 10.59 11.01 10.97 10.87 10.94 11.03 11.08 10.86

Hainan 13.13 13.12 13.50 11.98 11.80 10.33 11.80 11.68 11.75 13.03 11.07 12.28

Chongqing 10.09 10.64 9.57 9.44 8.86 9.04 9.01 9.49 9.40 9.57 9.24 9.63

Sichuan 9.66 9.93 9.59 9.20 8.65 8.50 8.65 9.14 9.60 9.69 9.58 9.86

Guizhou 9.38 9.68 10.00 9.55 9.45 9.48 9.20 9.37 9.02 8.87 9.78 9.73

Yunnan 10.73 11.10 10.10 9.81 9.69 9.07 8.83 9.34 9.43 9.72 9.68 9.54

Tibet

Shaanxi 9.01 10.00 10.41 7.94 7.29 7.70 8.33 8.99 9.26 10.61 9.37 8.63

Gansu 9.69 9.24 8.18 8.08 7.97 8.48 9.63 10.03 11.06 10.61 10.61 10.58

Qinghai 11.00 11.10 10.80 10.10 10.30 10.50 10.30 10.10 11.25 11.50 12.15 11.96

Ningxia 8.50 6.80 8.00 7.33 8.50 6.07 8.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 7.90

Xinjiang 9.00 9.80 9.80 9.80 9.80 9.80 9.80 9.80 10.00


Beijing 10.90 11.00 10.00 10.17 10.22 9.05 10.67 10.00 10.56 10.10 10.52 10.30

Tianjin 12.25 12.00 11.67 11.00 12.13 11.50 11.00 11.83 11.75 11.75

Hebei 11.50 11.20 10.86 10.00 9.88 10.11 10.33 10.45 10.62 10.71 10.52 10.37

Shanxi 11.00 10.78 10.61 9.92 9.84 8.83 8.77 9.42 9.72 9.41 10.44 10.26

Inner Mongolia 10.57 10.42 10.51 9.66 9.45 9.79 10.21 9.63 10.00 10.13 10.40 10.55

Liaoning 10.87 11.07 10.19 9.91 9.54 9.71 9.65 10.42 10.16 10.33 10.57 10.67

Jilin 11.30 11.15 10.40 10.00 9.78 9.73 10.00 10.12 10.14 10.20 10.85 11.04

Heilongjiang 9.50 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.50 9.80 10.00 10.00 10.00

Shanghai 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 13.50 13.75 13.25 13.00 12.85 12.90 12.60 12.65

Jiangsu 10.64 10.87 10.69 10.53 10.15 9.95 10.30 10.80 11.03 10.72 10.47 10.26

Zhejiang 10.57 10.78 10.26 10.39 9.99 10.13 10.06 10.48 10.48 10.58 10.38 10.86

Anhui 11.48 11.65 13.04 11.29 10.64 10.34 10.42 10.52 10.87 10.82 10.87 11.01

Fujian 11.08 10.57 11.20 10.94 11.00 10.47 10.77 10.76 10.96 10.72 10.66 10.04

Jiangxi 10.79 10.71 12.34 10.68 10.61 10.42 10.45 14.12 12.45 12.10 12.23 11.16

Shandong 10.63 10.49 9.84 9.64 9.73 10.12 10.00 10.00 10.39 9.94 10.42

Henan 10.81 10.73 10.37 10.14 9.89 9.64 9.67 9.58 10.00 9.77 9.68 9.78

Hubei 11.31 11.46 11.48 11.17 11.03 11.07 10.87 11.06 17.76 11.23 11.39

Hunan 10.96 10.36 10.71 10.29 10.09 10.45 10.48 10.33 10.13 10.24 10.62 9.88

Guangdong 11.66 11.91 12.05 11.33 11.65 11.61 11.61 11.59 11.56 11.64 11.52 11.38

Guangxi 10.97 10.64 10.40 20.38 20.60 10.46 10.59 10.77 10.25 10.39

Hainan 10.60 11.65 9.67 10.50 10.71 9.88 9.88 11.70 9.33 9.75 9.75 9.75

Chongqing 9.90 10.08 9.79 9.54 9.37 9.39 9.74 11.00 10.00 10.33 10.17

Sichuan 9.58 9.44 9.11 9.62 9.19 9.20 9.49 10.06 10.33 10.15 10.34 10.15

Guizhou 9.77 10.00 9.33 9.65 9.70 9.80 10.50 10.00 10.53 11.20 10.35 9.42

Yunnan 9.46 9.23 9.27 9.13 8.91 8.88 9.00 9.13 9.47 9.84 10.02 10.08

Tibet

Shaanxi 10.53 9.30 9.23 8.87 8.93 9.07 9.37 9.92 10.13 10.28 10.56 11.13

Gansu 10.76 10.83 10.69 10.40 10.48 10.84 10.56 10.16 10.85 11.16 11.29 10.88

Qinghai 11.57 12.20 12.17 12.07 11.57 11.50 11.93 11.75 11.57 12.37 12.31

Ningxia 7.40 7.20 6.96 7.12 10.00 7.12 7.20

Xinjiang 12.00 12.99 11.75 12.50 11.77 13.07 14.50 12.00 12.86


31


Beijing 10.20 10.22 9.72 8.84 8.70 9.36 9.22 8.98 9.16 9.02 8.75 9.06

Tianjin 11.83 11.83 11.83 7.67 10.00 10.33 10.50 10.50 10.67 10.25 10.25 11.00

Hebei 10.22 9.57 9.04 8.80 8.74 9.11 9.43 9.78 9.96 9.88 9.85 9.95

Shanxi 10.48 9.88 9.51 8.39 8.46 8.90 8.69 9.43 9.77 9.92 9.95 9.95

Inner Mongolia 10.56 10.78 10.11 9.45 9.35 9.34 9.32 9.50 9.91 10.12 10.65 10.60

Liaoning 10.76 10.20 9.55 9.16 9.09 9.62 9.80 9.95 9.87 10.07 10.01 10.14

Jilin 11.04 11.04 10.04 9.43 8.99 9.30 9.69 10.25 10.15 10.11 10.28 10.30

Heilongjiang 10.20 10.00 10.00 9.60 8.86 8.83 8.81 9.36 9.16 9.28 9.64 9.91

Shanghai 12.85 12.60 12.50 12.88 12.75 13.00 12.63 12.60 12.45 12.45 12.20 12.63

Jiangsu 9.99 10.50 10.18 10.27 9.72 9.84 9.78 10.26 10.23 10.16 10.71 10.13

Zhejiang 10.50 10.90 10.51 10.08 10.04 9.76 9.82 10.13 10.34 10.29 9.80 10.76

Anhui 10.97 11.26 11.11 9.63 9.47 9.93 9.95 10.56 10.48 10.76 10.81 10.49

Fujian 10.66 10.20 10.11 10.52 10.34 10.07 10.29 10.25 10.00 10.65 10.08 10.99

Jiangxi 10.54 10.59 10.23 9.94 9.74 9.97 9.93 9.85 10.11 10.37 10.25 10.18

Shandong 10.00 10.32 9.86 9.99 9.86 9.79 9.64 10.06 10.26 9.69 10.15 10.24

Henan 9.87 9.69 9.32 9.00 8.92 9.02 8.92 9.20 9.57 9.27 9.47 9.66

Hubei 11.49 11.38 11.19 10.62 10.53 10.41 10.18 10.78 10.74 10.76 10.79 10.77

Hunan 10.05 9.88 10.26 9.51 9.61 9.53 9.48 9.76 10.15 9.96 10.01 9.88

Guangdong 11.40 11.98 11.58 11.33 11.15 11.14 11.06 10.91 11.06 11.04 11.05 11.02

Guangxi 10.90 11.00 10.78 10.47 10.22 9.81 9.85 10.44 10.56 10.33 10.28 10.33

Hainan 9.50 9.60 9.50 9.50 9.40 9.50 9.75 9.75 10.75 11.00 10.00 9.75

Chongqing 10.17 11.30 10.33 10.23 10.14 9.91 9.67 9.69 10.31 10.26 10.11 10.41

Sichuan 10.51 10.83 10.29 9.74 9.99 9.61 9.49 9.97 9.96 9.94 9.93 10.04

Guizhou 10.30 10.59 9.68 9.46 9.55 9.38 9.57 9.95 10.12 10.23 10.06 10.18

Yunnan 9.95 10.04 9.74 9.73 9.65 9.66 9.60 9.63 9.94 10.09 10.10 9.96

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.33 10.93 9.95 7.47 9.00 9.00 9.64 10.00 10.53 10.53 8.80 9.07

Gansu 10.27 10.54 9.96 9.43 9.41 9.41 9.17 9.45 9.94 9.82 9.70 9.89

Qinghai 11.90 11.90 11.75 11.25 10.86 10.75 11.88 11.25 11.25 10.83 11.05 11.20

Ningxia 11.50 10.70 7.50 9.00 11.00 11.50 9.36 6.00 9.96 11.05 10.16

Xinjiang 14.40 13.75 13.60 12.67 12.56 12.21 12.57 12.17 13.00 13.36 12.36


Beijing 9.23 8.95 9.10 9.05 9.26 9.30 9.70 9.83 9.95 10.26 10.87 11.17

Tianjin 10.50 10.50 10.75 10.83 10.63 10.63 10.88 10.63 11.67 12.50 13.67 14.50

Hebei 9.91 9.80 9.71 9.70 9.57 9.81 10.13 10.70 11.07 12.99 13.15 12.82

Shanxi 10.30 10.26 9.45 9.11 8.91 9.02 9.52 10.51 10.76 12.24 13.00 13.00

Inner Mongolia 10.62 10.09 10.50 9.58 9.75 9.45 9.85 10.63 9.44 11.07 12.03 12.04

Liaoning 10.00 9.80 9.51 9.26 9.45 9.69 10.14 10.55 10.95 11.36 12.27 12.00

Jilin 10.36 10.17 9.78 9.68 9.08 9.53 10.08 10.47 10.48 10.67 11.90 11.80

Heilongjiang 9.60 9.29 8.80 8.77 8.52 8.83 9.32 9.55 9.62 9.98 10.72 10.56

Shanghai 12.58 12.08 12.05 12.13 12.05 12.43 12.25 12.93 13.20 13.63 16.50 16.13

Jiangsu 10.48 10.12 9.96 9.84 9.79 10.42 10.39 10.89 11.99 12.40 13.20 13.20

Zhejiang 10.99 10.25 10.05 9.78 10.18 10.42 10.62 11.25 11.63 12.66 13.35 13.20

Anhui 10.92 10.70 10.29 10.22 10.15 10.17 10.26 11.13 12.22 12.54 13.33 13.43

Fujian 10.99 10.41 10.62 10.62 10.60 10.61 10.74 11.00 11.54 11.69 12.77 12.68

Jiangxi 10.30 10.77 10.29 10.36 10.42 10.33 10.61 11.09 11.96 12.02 13.05 13.01

Shandong 10.59 10.34 10.09 9.87 9.47 9.92 10.67 10.93 11.11 13.28 13.34 13.67

Henan 9.86 9.94 9.48 9.20 9.33 9.34 9.71 10.00 10.51 11.48 13.01 12.61

Hubei 11.39 10.68 10.66 10.63 10.36 10.67 10.80 11.17 12.33 12.39 13.39 13.10

Hunan 10.63 10.22 9.89 9.71 9.62 10.08 10.49 11.13 12.47 12.60 13.55 13.55

Guangdong 11.74 11.71 11.81 11.53 11.44 11.51 11.64 11.70 11.90 12.21 12.89 13.18

Guangxi 10.79 10.80 10.75 10.64 10.39 10.56 10.87 11.08 11.84 12.26 12.63 12.73

Hainan 10.50 10.75 9.00 9.50 10.00 9.75 9.50 10.25 11.00 11.85 14.50 14.50

Chongqing 10.30 9.86 9.70 9.31 9.15 9.56 9.27 9.68 10.00 10.20 10.66 11.09

Sichuan 10.25 10.20 9.81 10.00 9.40 9.31 9.21 9.82 9.83 10.11 10.82 11.09

Guizhou 10.30 9.98 9.74 9.71 9.60 9.56 9.57 10.22 10.38 10.47 11.24 11.63

Yunnan 9.95 9.83 9.86 9.54 9.44 9.35 9.26 9.46 9.85 9.89 10.25 10.60

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.00 11.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.60 10.00

Gansu 10.19 9.38 9.40 9.23 8.98 8.85 10.18 10.70 10.58 11.12 13.26 12.10

Qinghai 12.10 12.00 11.63 11.63 10.00 10.10 11.13 10.70 11.78 12.13 12.05 13.13

Ningxia 9.80 7.80 8.00 8.04 7.44 8.04 8.68 9.28 9.12 8.84 10.25 10.35

Xinjiang 11.85 12.10 11.25 10.84 10.20 10.36 10.50 10.71 10.75 10.90 10.83 11.44


32


Beijing 11.45 11.13 10.49 10.51 10.79 12.76 14.69 14.40 14.49 15.00 13.78 13.89

Tianjin 12.33 12.38 12.00 14.00 13.67 15.00 1.03 14.88 14.88 14.83 14.45 14.70

Hebei 13.05 12.59 12.72 13.20 13.24 14.60 14.61 14.40 14.81 14.79 14.04 14.08

Shanxi 13.88 13.35 13.17 13.72 14.09 14.28 14.76 15.00 15.23 14.86 14.38 14.08

Inner Mongolia 11.76 11.56 11.57 11.53 11.59 13.10 12.86 12.88 13.52 12.92 13.32 13.52

Liaoning 12.00 11.65 11.58 13.00 12.87 13.95 13.86 14.14 13.73 13.77 13.50 13.27

Jilin 11.94 11.43 11.46 12.37 12.70 13.72 13.48 13.63 13.72 13.46 13.15 13.10

Heilongjiang 10.31 10.22 10.07 11.27 11.31 12.74 12.55 12.76 13.44 13.38 13.38 13.25

Shanghai 15.63 15.50 16.20 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.50 17.78 16.63 17.38 16.13 16.63

Jiangsu 13.24 13.03 13.88 14.06 13.86 14.33 14.75 14.93 15.28 15.31 14.98 14.13

Zhejiang 13.09 12.96 13.75 14.29 14.08 14.57 14.59 15.41 15.67 15.60 14.87 14.68

Anhui 13.54 13.49 13.79 14.69 14.52 14.63 15.13 15.80 16.13 15.69 14.76 15.13

Fujian 13.00 12.89 13.59 13.89 13.90 13.87 14.53 14.72 14.84 15.13 14.43 14.35

Jiangxi 13.16 13.17 13.59 13.86 13.94 13.97 14.46 15.06 15.55 15.57 15.15 14.77

Shandong 13.43 12.84 13.32 13.91 13.97 14.04 14.45 15.07 15.20 14.62 14.26 14.18

Henan 13.00 12.50 12.71 13.45 13.45 13.97 14.26 14.94 15.23 14.94 14.13 14.24

Hubei 13.53 13.68 13.91 14.05 14.03 13.95 14.45 16.23 16.68 16.52 15.42 15.33

Hunan 12.63 12.60 13.03 13.43 13.52 13.43 14.29 16.18 16.35 15.77 15.13 14.95

Guangdong 13.29 13.09 13.38 14.00 14.05 14.36 14.83 15.16 15.54 15.47 15.20 15.05

Guangxi 12.85 12.80 13.14 13.21 13.27 13.50 14.41 15.15 15.88 15.72 15.35 14.91

Hainan 13.50 15.50 14.25 14.25 14.50 15.25 14.75 15.25 15.25 15.00 14.75 14.75

Chongqing 11.13 10.96 12.54 11.94 11.80 12.49 13.32 14.77 15.48 14.50 14.30 13.47

Sichuan 10.91 10.84 11.54 11.79 11.86 13.15 13.64 14.42 15.20 14.82 14.11 13.92

Guizhou 11.87 12.30 12.33 12.21 12.27 12.51 12.85 14.12 15.54 15.38 15.21 14.56

Yunnan 11.02 11.34 11.71 12.21 12.54 12.44 12.89 13.76 14.28 14.43 13.76 13.20

Tibet

Shaanxi 12.01 11.11 12.03 13.18 13.01 13.66 13.78 14.27 15.77 15.17 13.94 13.09

Gansu 11.90 11.35 11.45 12.50 12.80 13.01 13.63 14.45 15.27 14.99 14.33 14.11

Qinghai 12.50 13.25 11.68 13.14 14.25 15.50 15.75 15.63 16.13 16.50 16.40 15.83

Ningxia 10.80 11.80 11.80 12.00 11.75 11.67 11.67 11.93 14.25 14.25 13.30 13.53

Xinjiang 11.49 11.40 13.25 12.25 12.00 13.75 13.33 13.25 14.00 15.60 15.33 15.10


Beijing 13.91 14.04 14.09 13.98 15.01 14.49 14.03 13.57 13.61 12.48 10.87 11.21

Tianjin 14.70 14.20 12.95 13.95 14.15 14.00 13.75 13.90 14.28 12.55 11.75 12.13

Hebei 13.85 13.46 13.70 13.71 13.42 13.31 13.35 13.02 13.12 11.14 10.98 10.63

Shanxi 14.27 14.66 14.02 13.50 13.37 13.47 13.13 12.86 13.15 12.67 11.58 11.39

Inner Mongolia 13.08 13.33 12.84 12.61 12.91 12.77 12.81 12.80 12.85 12.35 11.76 11.60

Liaoning 13.45 13.59 13.00 12.73 12.64 13.00 13.18 12.91 12.73 11.36 11.36 11.05

Jilin 13.22 13.17 12.95 12.62 12.42 12.37 7.98 12.16 12.25 11.04 10.72 9.89

Heilongjiang 13.17 12.52 12.57 12.50 12.07 11.74 12.04 12.07 11.89 10.84 10.62 10.74

Shanghai 16.88 17.38 17.50 16.63 16.88 16.38 16.63 16.63 15.88 16.13 15.38 15.63

Jiangsu 14.13 14.32 14.21 13.68 13.63 13.68 13.63 13.63 13.53 12.53 11.98 11.98

Zhejiang 14.15 15.10 13.98 14.15 14.26 14.07 13.81 13.82 13.61 13.00 12.63 13.18

Anhui 14.84 15.17 14.87 14.23 13.99 14.16 14.03 13.92 13.24 12.91 12.30 13.01

Fujian 14.20 14.54 14.30 13.99 13.77 13.34 13.65 13.53 12.74 12.25 11.40 12.61

Jiangxi 14.82 15.09 14.55 14.38 13.85 13.63 13.52 13.62 13.70 13.10 12.44 12.71

Shandong 14.33 14.23 14.69 13.72 13.76 13.65 13.59 13.49 13.57 11.44 11.20

Henan 14.19 14.86 13.90 13.66 13.56 13.22 13.14 13.01 12.97 11.95 11.01 11.27

Hubei 14.87 15.28 15.09 14.79 13.90 14.02 13.97 14.11 14.09 13.60 12.78 12.66

Hunan 14.71 15.08 14.17 14.15 13.61 13.48 13.28 13.14 13.19 12.74 12.38 12.56

Guangdong 14.74 15.09 14.85 14.67 14.34 14.34 14.28 14.11 14.32 13.81 13.21 13.20

Guangxi 14.93 14.65 14.44 13.84 13.55 13.35 13.53 13.37 13.33 13.19 12.74 12.74

Hainan 15.00 15.00 14.25 13.75 13.50 13.00 13.00 12.50 13.00 12.75 12.25 12.75

Chongqing 13.51 13.23 12.83 12.22 11.98 11.46 11.83 11.26 11.28 10.98 10.83 10.86

Sichuan 13.89 14.08 13.54 13.25 12.46 12.30 11.83 11.50 11.95 11.70 11.44 11.54

Guizhou 14.09 14.11 13.85 12.94 12.32 11.86 11.74 12.18 12.36 12.15 11.64 11.65

Yunnan 13.08 13.17 12.88 12.56 12.13 12.01 11.91 11.96 11.78 11.65 11.56 11.27

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.83 13.66 13.41 12.57 12.44 12.25 12.10 11.71 11.90 11.74 12.04 10.97

Gansu 14.03 13.70 13.35 12.95 13.00 13.02 13.39 13.00 13.39 13.36 12.51 12.87

Qinghai 14.93 15.30 15.45 15.08 15.00 13.89 13.60 12.87 13.70 14.23 13.17 14.11

Ningxia 12.75 12.33 12.65 11.32 11.00 12.10 12.08 12.28 12.47 12.47 11.50 12.15

Xinjiang 14.50 15.13 15.00 14.68 13.58 14.16 14.63 13.80 13.94 13.70 13.90 14.64


33


Beijing 11.31 10.12 9.87 8.87 8.06 8.70 9.51 10.37 10.75 10.65 12.07 12.47

Tianjin 11.83 11.77 11.00 10.58 10.50 10.13 10.50 12.00 12.10 12.00 12.50 13.17

Hebei 12.00 11.35 10.58 10.10 9.73 9.59 10.42 11.70 12.10 12.22 12.97 14.55

Shanxi 12.22 12.05 10.51 9.50 9.18 9.52 10.84 12.45 12.82 12.78 13.29 15.54

Inner Mongolia 11.57 11.63 11.47 10.85 10.29 10.23 10.49 11.13 11.59 11.28 12.05 12.87

Liaoning 11.64 11.55 10.55 9.62 9.24 9.42 10.27 12.00 12.18 12.82 12.91 14.73

Jilin 11.60 10.88 10.11 9.39 9.00 9.25 10.71 11.36 11.47 12.28 12.55 14.15

Heilongjiang 11.35 9.81 9.26 8.93 8.44 8.56 10.10 10.62 11.54 11.99 12.33 13.36

Shanghai 16.75 17.00 15.50 15.03 14.78 14.88 14.88 15.63 15.38 15.63 15.63 17.00

Jiangsu 12.78 12.47 11.30 11.01 10.58 10.51 10.67 11.94 12.78 13.01 13.83 14.68

Zhejiang 13.40 12.69 12.31 11.79 11.52 11.16 11.71 12.95 13.85 14.13 14.63 16.12

Anhui 13.80 13.32 12.88 11.61 11.51 10.98 11.09 11.39 13.07 13.70 15.28 15.50

Fujian 13.29 12.58 12.18 11.86 11.53 11.21 10.76 12.00 12.57 13.01 13.28 14.50

Jiangxi 13.10 12.99 12.81 12.19 11.09 10.83 11.38 12.43 14.27 14.10 14.42 15.40

Shandong 12.49 12.16 11.28 10.44 9.70 9.78 10.65 11.55 12.45 12.03 13.69 14.56

Henan 12.41 11.54 11.15 10.18 9.95 10.15 10.37 12.09 12.22 12.46 13.19 14.78

Hubei 12.90 13.10 12.60 11.55 11.28 11.08 11.86 13.13 13.60 13.75 13.82 15.40

Hunan 12.14 12.67 12.42 11.78 11.30 11.04 11.58 13.00 14.39 14.67 14.30 15.79

Guangdong 13.63 13.58 13.38 13.19 12.94 12.78 13.13 12.91 13.77 14.23 14.03 14.93

Guangxi 13.01 12.90 12.18 12.02 11.90 12.35 12.32 12.90 13.76 13.93 14.14 15.46

Hainan 12.75 13.00 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.50 12.50 12.75 12.48 12.50 12.75 13.50

Chongqing 10.93 10.91 10.93 10.09 9.77 9.41 9.94 11.83 13.57 13.46 13.47 13.43

Sichuan 11.72 11.90 11.45 11.05 10.71 10.53 11.19 12.03 12.81 13.34 13.32 13.64

Guizhou 11.68 12.17 12.31 12.01 11.46 10.96 11.12 11.52 12.42 12.47 12.77 13.28

Yunnan 11.14 11.25 10.90 10.63 10.53 10.41 10.33 10.76 11.38 11.84 11.77 12.57

Tibet

Shaanxi 12.14 10.86 10.87 10.38 9.94 9.46 9.97 11.68 12.47 12.57 12.87 13.90

Gansu 12.55 12.38 11.70 11.66 10.11 10.18 10.26 10.64 11.88 12.00 11.70 13.25

Qinghai 14.11 14.06 14.00 13.94 14.38 11.38 12.35 13.05 13.63 13.38 13.29 14.10

Ningxia 11.55 12.38 9.25 9.63 8.83 9.00 11.17 11.50 10.70 11.95 12.83

Xinjiang 14.78 13.81 13.29 13.50 12.95 12.75 12.35 12.25 13.46 14.04 13.64 13.96


Beijing 14.10 14.25 12.85 12.70 15.45 17.05 19.16 19.57 19.10 18.10 20.65 21.39

Tianjin 13.55 13.65 14.13 14.13 18.40 19.28 19.70 23.75 22.15 20.75 22.00 23.25

Hebei 15.11 14.53 14.19 13.82 16.23 17.34 21.79 23.05 21.12 19.25 21.45 23.24

Shanxi 15.10 15.30 14.16 13.96 16.30 18.33 21.57 24.51 21.69 20.62 21.93 23.62

Inner Mongolia 13.01 13.80 12.67 12.67 14.24 17.50 17.93 22.88 23.00 21.50 21.60 22.40

Liaoning 14.82 14.55 13.91 13.55 16.73 18.42 23.09 24.21 20.29 19.36 22.21 24.45

Jilin 14.23 13.68 13.25 13.03 15.53 18.09 21.60 23.42 21.20 18.95 22.13 24.25

Heilongjiang 13.11 13.50 12.44 12.40 14.53 16.34 21.10 23.58 19.74 17.80 21.08 23.17

Shanghai 17.25 18.00 17.75 17.50 17.25 22.88 24.75 26.75 25.25 24.00 24.75 26.25

Jiangsu 15.25 15.10 14.75 14.57 15.52 17.76 20.58 23.47 22.58 21.35 22.61 24.20

Zhejiang 16.28 15.99 14.88 15.42 17.26 19.62 22.38 23.53 22.89 21.85 22.99 24.50

Anhui 15.71 15.60 15.18 15.75 18.14 17.88 22.25 23.02 21.72 20.96 22.74 24.78

Fujian 14.90 15.23 14.79 14.65 15.56 17.53 21.53 20.11 20.09 19.14 20.25 22.74

Jiangxi 15.96 15.97 15.66 15.16 17.03 18.45 22.43 23.15 22.31 21.38 22.81 23.93

Shandong 15.06 14.46 14.42 14.59 16.03 18.81 22.49 23.15 20.75 19.69 21.82 24.15

Henan 15.67 15.07 13.99 14.11 16.48 18.56 20.64 23.36 20.86 20.73 20.84 24.05

Hubei 16.41 16.32 15.45 15.18 16.68 18.56 20.78 24.51 23.51 22.75 24.50 25.60

Hunan 16.21 16.21 16.05 15.91 17.28 18.98 22.64 25.24 24.50 23.21 24.30 26.04

Guangdong 15.51 16.33 15.66 15.53 15.36 17.74 21.44 21.71 21.19 20.96 20.94 22.73

Guangxi 16.04 16.91 16.02 15.38 16.28 18.45 23.42 23.96 23.54 21.93 23.06 24.89

Hainan 14.25 14.75 13.75 13.75 15.25 18.50 22.50 22.75 22.50 21.00 22.50 23.28

Chongqing 13.54 14.10 13.19 13.35 14.51 15.63 17.78 22.01 22.41 21.87 23.06 24.10

Sichuan 13.89 14.21 14.10 14.16 14.47 16.01 19.92 22.30 23.15 23.66 23.30 24.96

Guizhou 14.77 15.13 15.13 14.81 15.29 16.24 17.26 22.65 22.96 22.31 23.02 24.14

Yunnan 13.48 14.26 14.13 13.99 14.18 15.53 16.09 19.82 21.72 21.48 20.96 21.79

Tibet

Shaanxi 14.60 14.50 13.50 13.93 14.70 17.65 19.35 23.60 21.76 21.56 22.33 24.13

Gansu 13.68 13.86 12.56 13.22 18.75 17.93 19.61 20.69 21.91 21.66 23.64 25.14

Qinghai 15.73 14.60 17.88 14.38 15.14 18.00 22.25 22.14 22.63 21.14 23.67 26.58

Ningxia 12.87 13.43 13.67 13.75 14.57 18.00 22.00 25.25 22.25 22.08 22.08 23.40

Xinjiang 14.47 14.00 13.97 14.18 13.86 16.33 17.42 22.11 20.58 19.67 20.86 21.53


34


Beijing 23.25 23.61 23.18 23.44 22.48 22.61 21.77 20.86 19.29 17.00 16.64 18.11

Tianjin 26.59 26.91 26.77 27.04 25.10 25.25 24.80 24.35 22.90 20.24 18.90 20.52

Hebei 25.95 26.75 25.88 25.55 24.42 23.86 23.24 22.56 21.42 18.60 17.45 19.18

Shanxi 26.01 27.48 26.11 25.77 24.95 24.10 23.34 22.95 22.61 19.73 17.95 20.01

Inner Mongolia 24.83 25.31 25.25 24.85 24.64 23.98 23.61 23.58 23.48 22.12 19.92 20.00

Liaoning 26.12 25.72 25.59 25.52 24.96 24.33 24.13 23.38 22.06 18.97 18.17 19.68

Jilin 24.85 24.41 24.12 24.01 23.26 22.92 22.77 22.11 20.01 18.03 16.85 18.80

Heilongjiang 24.55 23.57 23.66 23.90 22.67 22.62 22.19 21.55 20.18 17.67 16.66 18.32

Shanghai 27.96 29.50 28.80 28.36 27.05 26.52 26.32 26.25 25.53 24.32 23.55 23.84

Jiangsu 26.25 26.84 26.39 25.34 23.82 23.62 23.42 22.90 22.28 20.08 18.50 19.52

Zhejiang 25.77 27.28 26.71 26.54 25.09 24.65 24.07 23.73 23.15 21.46 20.27 21.32

Anhui 26.47 27.90 26.44 25.97 24.14 23.50 23.20 23.07 22.84 21.28 19.80 20.97

Fujian 22.93 24.67 25.67 25.07 23.53 22.96 22.48 21.57 20.20 18.39 17.78 18.13

Jiangxi 24.61 25.44 25.84 26.21 25.47 24.75 24.56 24.32 23.84 21.46 20.34 21.71

Shandong 26.02 26.73 26.21 26.06 24.72 24.22 23.00 21.97 20.46 18.64 18.02 19.64

Henan 25.73 26.76 26.21 26.09 24.97 24.28 24.05 23.19 22.17 20.52 19.34 20.09

Hubei 26.66 26.62 26.57 26.73 25.01 24.27 24.35 24.33 23.86 22.39 20.32 21.57

Hunan 27.05 27.09 26.96 27.17 25.95 24.63 24.27 24.19 23.68 21.46 19.47 20.74

Guangdong 24.20 26.00 26.80 27.06 26.21 25.71 24.53 23.52 22.76 20.83 19.21 19.58

Guangxi 26.31 26.84 27.05 27.09 25.76 25.49 24.63 23.73 23.06 21.13 19.81 20.52

Hainan 22.71 23.62 23.27 23.20 22.76 23.02 22.60 21.93 21.93 20.81 20.25 20.16

Chongqing 25.61 24.26 23.35 24.56 23.95 22.21 21.73 22.29 22.94 21.47 19.79 21.37

Sichuan 25.81 25.97 25.41 25.33 24.54 23.79 22.81 23.09 23.43 22.47 20.84 22.22

Guizhou 26.19 26.93 25.36 25.30 24.80 24.75 23.75 23.77 24.13 23.64 22.12 21.36

Yunnan 24.01 24.77 25.27 26.09 25.07 24.50 23.62 23.48 23.48 22.69 20.97 19.97

Tibet

Shaanxi 25.15 25.63 24.20 24.86 23.56 22.28 22.29 22.14 21.95 20.60 19.18 19.55

Gansu 25.89 26.11 25.31 25.50 24.77 24.70 24.57 24.24 23.60 22.36 21.26 20.79

Qinghai 26.42 24.21 26.28 25.55 26.53 25.34 25.43 25.09 24.44 23.65 22.48 22.26

Ningxia 24.96 25.43 24.97 25.40 24.70 23.93 23.72 23.40 22.90 22.39 19.65 20.20

Xinjiang 23.91 24.53 23.79 23.49 23.82 23.42 22.81 22.50 22.13 20.87 18.79 18.86


Beijing 19.11 17.76 16.05 14.92 13.71 13.79 15.32 16.48 17.10 16.21 16.09 17.00

Tianjin 21.80 20.55 19.03 16.92 15.84 16.19 17.19 18.35 18.63 17.97 17.45 18.92

Hebei 20.51 20.30 18.84 16.52 14.56 14.60 16.18 17.85 18.78 18.12 17.36 18.52

Shanxi 21.24 20.41 18.72 16.49 14.63 14.73 16.01 18.22 19.12 18.14 18.00 18.89

Inner Mongolia 20.71 20.41 19.14 17.03 15.15 14.43 15.60 16.98 17.92 18.02 17.73 17.93

Liaoning 21.17 20.67 18.89 17.20 15.87 15.81 16.98 18.20 18.97 19.01 18.58 19.38

Jilin 19.80 19.00 17.88 15.72 14.09 14.80 16.49 17.62 17.98 17.82 17.58 18.80

Heilongjiang 18.63 17.64 16.18 14.83 13.78 14.29 16.22 16.75 17.80 17.30 17.35 18.65

Shanghai 24.65 23.90 22.60 20.61 18.25 18.40 19.40 21.60 21.79 21.95 21.48 22.42

Jiangsu 20.49 19.92 18.92 17.44 15.40 15.06 15.63 17.01 18.16 18.17 17.84 18.71

Zhejiang 22.24 21.37 19.98 18.38 16.70 16.44 16.81 18.07 18.83 18.86 18.79 19.68

Anhui 21.86 21.21 19.77 17.81 15.88 15.70 16.48 18.94 19.94 19.60 19.55 20.75

Fujian 19.39 18.58 17.71 16.86 15.06 15.11 15.90 17.37 17.77 17.43 17.33 18.03

Jiangxi 22.74 22.06 20.95 19.31 16.66 16.13 16.81 17.94 19.01 19.25 19.20 19.60

Shandong 21.08 20.12 18.51 16.44 15.17 15.33 16.53 17.78 18.42 17.69 17.87 19.31

Henan 20.96 20.03 18.89 17.41 15.50 15.53 16.33 17.61 18.26 17.77 17.78 18.83

Hubei 22.93 22.39 20.55 18.89 16.65 15.96 16.95 19.51 20.75 19.89 19.46 20.37

Hunan 21.71 21.51 20.58 18.66 16.35 16.09 16.52 18.71 19.71 19.46 19.10 19.34

Guangdong 20.48 19.77 18.77 18.01 16.49 16.49 16.73 17.41 18.20 18.69 18.74 18.82

Guangxi 21.52 21.08 20.09 18.88 17.29 16.96 16.57 17.51 18.84 18.77 18.49 18.82

Hainan 20.65 20.52 19.77 19.43 17.89 18.06 17.82 17.63 17.52 16.81 16.46 16.84

Chongqing 21.86 21.20 19.46 16.75 14.38 14.04 14.32 18.15 18.91 18.38 17.76 18.44

Sichuan 22.52 21.98 20.19 18.05 15.70 15.25 15.83 18.54 19.88 20.07 19.96 20.54

Guizhou 22.14 22.11 21.56 20.26 17.24 15.87 15.90 18.13 19.91 19.89 19.36 19.04

Yunnan 20.40 19.82 19.15 18.16 16.12 15.47 15.38 16.58 18.30 18.02 17.89 17.76

Tibet

Shaanxi 20.71 20.28 18.67 16.43 14.77 14.79 15.83 17.73 19.04 18.64 18.53 18.76

Gansu 21.85 20.98 19.33 17.11 15.38 15.21 16.49 18.17 20.12 19.85 19.63 19.80

Qinghai 21.56 20.13 18.63 17.84 17.50 16.66 18.33 18.73 19.29 19.11 18.81 19.24

Ningxia 21.60 21.35 19.75 17.75 15.48 15.00 16.28 18.07 20.21 19.27 19.11 19.47

Xinjiang 19.40 18.99 17.82 16.87 14.46 14.18 15.12 17.60 19.11 19.41 18.52 18.59


35


Beijing 17.34 16.57 15.00 13.87 13.84 14.70 16.77 17.76 18.29 18.15 19.29 20.02

Tianjin 19.63 18.67 17.61 16.79 16.14 16.10 17.93 19.68 20.46 20.40 20.45 21.41

Hebei 19.04 18.34 16.47 14.85 15.17 15.42 17.88 19.72 19.96 19.50 20.13 20.98

Shanxi 19.15 18.18 16.57 14.58 14.96 14.93 17.53 19.26 19.75 19.76 20.72 21.76

Inner Mongolia 18.42 18.02 17.38 15.72 15.35 15.18 16.71 18.58 19.46 19.24 20.15 21.74

Liaoning 19.88 18.60 16.20 14.91 14.84 15.52 17.91 20.28 20.50 20.81 22.10 22.92

Jilin 19.01 17.11 15.18 14.32 14.42 14.50 17.22 18.86 18.65 18.43 19.94 20.89

Heilongjiang 17.89 16.17 14.47 14.07 14.07 13.97 16.92 17.99 18.03 18.15 20.38 20.57

Shanghai 21.98 21.24 20.22 19.90 19.90 19.14 21.00 22.30 22.48 22.71 23.85 23.60

Jiangsu 19.27 18.70 17.14 15.99 15.91 15.76 17.26 19.12 19.94 19.75 20.73 21.10

Zhejiang 19.83 19.35 18.43 17.51 17.25 17.16 18.15 19.41 20.08 20.51 21.64 21.56

Anhui 20.73 20.25 18.09 16.48 16.32 16.26 18.30 19.83 20.75 20.68 21.80 22.32

Fujian 18.38 18.16 16.88 16.13 15.81 15.45 16.63 17.83 18.40 18.81 20.03 20.20

Jiangxi 19.93 19.45 17.77 16.48 16.31 16.32 17.60 18.89 19.62 20.95 22.42 22.91

Shandong 19.87 18.57 16.65 15.90 16.18 16.19 18.26 20.41 20.60 20.58 21.23 21.39

Henan 19.32 18.42 16.85 15.96 16.02 16.09 17.56 18.76 19.40 19.53 20.50 21.04

Hubei 20.46 19.14 18.11 17.32 16.96 16.85 18.07 19.61 20.80 21.61 22.19 22.34

Hunan 19.67 19.17 17.88 16.88 16.15 16.07 17.33 19.15 20.55 21.62 22.55 23.10

Guangdong 19.00 19.15 17.77 17.17 17.13 16.97 17.34 19.17 20.05 20.71 21.99 22.25

Guangxi 18.91 18.92 17.73 16.65 16.00 15.90 17.65 20.20 20.52 21.35 22.31 22.50

Hainan 17.07 17.37 17.09 16.91 16.43 16.59 16.60 17.14 17.19 18.65 20.85 21.57

Chongqing 18.33 17.62 16.40 15.18 14.83 14.53 15.35 18.37 20.08 20.23 20.61 21.59

Sichuan 20.24 19.67 18.52 17.12 16.81 16.27 17.24 19.76 21.32 21.59 22.34 23.47

Guizhou 19.26 19.43 18.99 17.48 17.29 17.28 17.37 19.41 21.15 21.61 22.26 23.17

Yunnan 17.87 18.42 18.00 16.75 16.25 16.07 16.28 18.23 19.23 19.80 20.84 21.89

Tibet

Shaanxi 18.74 18.38 16.57 14.96 15.38 15.41 17.07 18.90 19.85 19.87 20.44 21.19

Gansu 19.80 18.66 17.59 16.43 16.51 16.83 18.70 20.39 21.23 21.95 22.58 22.97

Qinghai 20.22 20.55 20.04 19.35 18.88 18.49 20.89 22.80 23.44 23.33 23.50 24.57

Ningxia 19.68 18.75 17.49 16.65 16.73 17.00 18.28 19.61 20.39 20.25 21.38 22.24

Xinjiang 18.41 17.48 16.62 16.01 16.38 16.35 17.29 18.26 20.02 20.17 19.90 20.12


Beijing 20.74 22.00 21.08 21.38 22.79 26.53 28.81 28.61 28.46 27.32 25.84 25.43

Tianjin 21.80 22.73 21.82 21.72 23.89 28.40 31.17 31.64 31.93 30.68 28.05 28.12

Hebei 21.45 22.45 22.46 22.71 23.77 27.55 30.35 29.91 29.71 28.76 26.49 26.11

Shanxi 21.82 22.52 22.47 22.17 23.34 26.75 30.28 30.09 30.15 29.39 27.25 26.34

Inner Mongolia 21.94 21.87 21.95 21.77 22.51 24.94 28.42 29.50 30.05 29.58 28.18 27.07

Liaoning 22.98 23.34 23.22 23.03 24.64 29.41 32.02 31.85 31.72 30.22 28.47 27.72

Jilin 20.50 20.76 20.96 21.15 23.13 27.76 29.82 29.61 29.13 28.16 26.43 25.94

Heilongjiang 19.06 19.45 19.82 20.53 22.65 26.85 29.19 28.64 28.33 27.66 25.84 24.86

Shanghai 23.26 24.34 25.01 24.85 25.30 29.99 31.75 31.46 31.58 31.08 29.50 29.12

Jiangsu 21.32 22.11 22.33 22.38 23.27 26.03 28.44 28.57 29.34 28.55 26.62 25.73

Zhejiang 21.40 22.48 23.24 23.25 23.51 26.50 28.36 29.18 30.06 29.32 27.11 26.67

Anhui 22.25 22.96 23.25 23.65 23.93 26.96 29.06 29.49 30.25 29.59 27.68 26.81

Fujian 20.19 21.02 21.71 22.48 22.97 25.29 26.97 27.17 27.72 26.93 24.94 23.96

Jiangxi 22.78 23.48 23.87 24.28 24.65 26.83 28.86 29.43 30.08 29.57 27.51 26.59

Shandong 22.00 23.02 23.28 23.49 24.65 28.15 30.32 30.02 30.42 29.40 27.51 26.93

Henan 21.55 22.95 22.37 22.55 23.43 26.77 29.35 29.33 29.54 28.68 26.90 26.57

Hubei 22.71 24.17 24.16 24.15 24.39 27.69 30.09 30.85 31.20 31.01 28.67 28.02

Hunan 23.10 24.10 24.81 24.95 24.83 27.40 29.70 30.57 31.43 30.72 28.34 27.24

Guangdong 22.40 23.31 23.61 23.50 23.77 26.14 27.87 27.89 28.43 27.98 26.46 25.85

Guangxi 22.58 23.58 24.75 24.97 25.24 27.62 29.57 29.92 30.21 29.86 27.72 26.75

Hainan 21.53 24.13 24.52 25.38 25.72 28.39 30.33 29.02 29.53 29.99 28.35 27.85

Chongqing 22.66 23.68 23.40 23.71 23.44 24.62 27.55 29.56 30.80 30.18 27.80 27.81

Sichuan 23.78 24.13 24.18 24.58 24.22 25.82 29.03 31.11 31.53 31.26 29.19 28.66

Guizhou 23.85 24.30 23.83 24.63 24.92 25.32 27.80 29.80 31.33 31.46 30.37 28.97

Yunnan 21.85 22.35 22.66 23.82 23.90 24.86 27.07 28.62 30.41 30.94 30.07 28.86

Tibet

Shaanxi 21.65 22.05 22.40 22.34 22.77 25.82 28.63 29.25 30.09 29.53 28.12 27.19

Gansu 23.30 24.09 23.75 24.07 24.52 27.39 31.17 31.53 31.99 32.00 30.05 28.33

Qinghai 25.11 25.39 25.43 26.03 26.48 28.30 31.66 31.29 32.24 31.49 30.53 30.19

Ningxia 23.07 23.12 22.26 22.83 23.29 26.84 30.95 31.19 31.40 30.54 29.25 28.06

Xinjiang 21.04 21.90 21.79 23.15 23.67 25.09 29.30 30.33 31.87 31.54 30.51 29.37


36

Exhibit 54: Beef Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 14.03 13.50 13.00 12.73 13.00 12.60 12.65 13.33 13.10 13.00 12.65 13.30

Tianjin 11.90 12.33 11.00 11.53 12.40 12.40 12.15 12.50 11.50 11.87 12.53 12.40

Hebei 12.20 12.69 12.43 11.93 12.13 12.69 12.67 12.32 12.25 12.25 11.67 11.71

Shanxi 13.87 14.24 14.25 14.21 13.19 13.31 13.65 14.03 14.03 14.17 13.90 14.98

Inner Mongolia 12.00 12.14 13.00 12.33 11.78 11.88 12.21 11.85 11.81 11.42 12.56 12.09

Liaoning 13.36 13.53 13.15 12.58 12.84 12.82 12.82 13.11 13.18 12.83 12.89 13.63

Jilin 12.80 12.44 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.80 12.78 12.89 13.10 12.70 12.50 12.60

Heilongjiang 13.00 13.00 13.00 12.56 12.50 12.00 12.50 12.50 13.00 13.00

Shanghai 16.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 17.00

Jiangsu 13.98 15.60 13.50 13.26 12.98 13.68 12.13 12.19 12.40 12.40 12.77 14.00

Zhejiang 15.54 16.41 16.54 16.07 16.31 16.21 15.40 15.41 16.00 16.00 16.39 15.54

Anhui 12.58 12.90 12.25 12.03 11.40 10.83 10.95 11.52 11.64 11.53 12.14 12.11

Fujian 16.13 17.14 15.67 16.24 15.00 15.66 14.39 14.65 14.31 14.16 14.92 14.88

Jiangxi 12.68 14.66 13.16 12.83 12.25 12.34 12.28 12.22 12.28 12.46 12.17 12.96

Shandong 11.98 11.60 11.56 11.58 11.50 12.39 11.60 12.40 12.05 11.86 12.06 12.36

Henan 12.75 12.51 12.09 11.76 11.64 11.74 12.19 12.10 12.23 11.70 11.89 12.16

Hubei 11.63 12.20 11.22 11.17 11.34 11.24 11.62 11.58 12.00 11.61 11.30 11.38

Hunan 13.11 13.11 13.24 13.14 12.13 12.43 11.93 12.00 11.55 11.00 12.50 12.64

Guangdong 16.67 17.40 16.33 16.25 16.50 16.47 16.94 16.40 16.00 16.38 17.03 16.44

Guangxi 11.71 11.13 12.00 11.54 11.35 11.35 11.07 11.24 11.38 11.41 11.51 11.59

Hainan 14.48 14.62 14.00 13.50 13.75 13.00 14.00 14.00 14.25 14.67 14.00 14.98

Chongqing 11.79 12.00 11.29 11.06 10.00 9.71 9.43 10.09 13.35 10.43 10.29 10.29

Sichuan 11.09 10.89 11.03 10.57 10.25 10.24 10.62 10.35 10.64 10.67 10.30 11.18

Guizhou 10.25 11.56 9.00 11.15 10.33 10.16 10.53 10.50 10.22 11.10 11.00 11.13

Yunnan 13.84 14.65 14.06 14.15 13.09 14.34 13.83 13.76 13.83 13.17 13.77 13.82

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.76 12.50 12.39 12.71 12.67 12.33 12.50 12.50 12.25 10.51 12.83 12.52

Gansu 12.52 12.57 12.30 12.60 12.89 12.87 12.54 12.56 12.60 12.51 11.90 11.85

Qinghai 10.50 11.70 11.90 12.00 12.40 12.80 12.10 11.30 10.38 10.50 10.52 11.57

Ningxia 12.50 12.50 13.00 12.33 14.00 12.00 13.00 13.00 14.00 13.00 12.50

Xinjiang 13.00 14.00 14.00 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20


Beijing 14.00 13.50 13.00 13.33 12.68 12.20 13.00 13.00 13.60 13.46 12.76 13.45

Tianjin 13.15 13.54 12.67 12.75 13.00 12.75 12.00 13.33 13.00 13.80

Hebei 12.17 12.45 12.14 12.33 11.94 12.11 12.67 12.50 12.72 12.54 12.50 12.75

Shanxi 15.04 14.74 14.25 15.36 13.03 13.62 14.10 13.04 12.74 12.63 13.14 12.79

Inner Mongolia 14.28 12.30 12.26 12.75 13.50 12.86 12.43 12.17 12.75 12.13 12.29 12.50

Liaoning 13.18 13.55 13.89 13.62 13.53 13.79 13.79 13.94 13.92 14.16 14.10 14.10

Jilin 13.70 13.40 13.20 13.40 13.60 13.90 13.90 14.00 13.90 14.00 13.80 13.80

Heilongjiang 12.80 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00

Shanghai 18.00 19.00 18.60 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 19.00 19.00 19.30 18.60 18.67

Jiangsu 14.33 14.07 13.37 12.67 12.53 12.36 12.40 12.38 10.72 13.01 13.46 13.80

Zhejiang 16.00 16.23 15.72 15.83 15.06 14.92 15.57 15.33 15.33 15.86 15.62 15.75

Anhui 12.92 12.02 11.58 12.03 11.60 12.00 11.70 11.19 11.84 12.40 12.53 12.90

Fujian 16.00 15.21 15.48 15.28 13.25 14.84 14.96 15.56 14.93 15.72 15.34 15.30

Jiangxi 13.33 13.61 12.97 12.81 12.38 12.50 12.24 12.59 13.21 13.14 13.10 13.59

Shandong 12.51 12.36 12.35 12.37 12.32 12.32 14.20 12.00 12.52 12.76 12.98

Henan 12.13 12.40 12.30 12.29 12.25 12.09 12.38 12.35 12.50 12.06 12.36 12.91

Hubei 11.98 12.05 11.89 11.66 11.63 12.18 12.12 11.80 11.90 11.78 11.78

Hunan 13.00 13.06 12.69 12.67 12.04 12.58 13.00 12.50 12.25 12.36 12.50 12.73

Guangdong 17.50 17.38 17.63 16.11 16.88 16.50 16.60 16.38 16.56 16.88 17.19 17.19

Guangxi 11.57 11.53 11.24 11.50 11.27 11.53 11.27 11.60 11.40 11.84

Hainan 14.00 15.58 14.00 14.50 14.29 15.50 14.75 13.40 14.00 12.88 15.50 15.00

Chongqing 11.10 10.90 10.85 10.94 10.51 10.80 10.94 12.24 10.07 12.17 12.34

Sichuan 10.81 11.00 10.11 10.84 10.46 10.56 10.45 10.53 10.70 11.31 11.18 11.89

Guizhou 11.37 12.00 10.80 11.50 11.55 11.75 11.50 12.00 12.00 11.67 11.50 11.24

Yunnan 14.03 14.10 14.06 14.18 13.78 13.71 13.89 13.68 13.94 13.89 13.89 13.78

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.50 12.00 12.20 13.00 12.20 12.40 13.00 12.25 13.00 13.50 13.75 13.00

Gansu 12.28 12.20 13.25 12.18 13.00 13.30 13.10 13.26 13.30 13.20 13.86 13.63

Qinghai 10.70 12.00 12.20 12.60 13.30 13.87 12.45 10.68 11.08 11.82 12.50

Ningxia 12.50 15.00 14.60 14.80 15.00 14.80 14.50

Xinjiang 14.00 15.27 15.25 15.13 15.91 16.21 16.33 16.00 16.75


37


Beijing 13.24 13.26 13.04 12.98 12.96 12.80 13.56 13.96 14.04 14.56 15.58 15.44

Tianjin 14.20 14.20 14.00 12.67 13.00 12.67 13.40 13.75 13.67 14.00 14.50 14.67

Hebei 12.90 13.23 12.92 12.88 12.98 13.11 13.53 13.43 13.52 13.74 13.71 14.00

Shanxi 13.48 14.42 13.47 13.00 14.25 14.00 13.96 13.84 13.76 13.69 13.95 14.14

Inner Mongolia 13.28 13.50 14.25 13.64 13.67 13.63 14.23 14.08 13.90 14.33 14.20 15.00

Liaoning 14.11 14.58 14.31 14.31 14.45 14.84 15.04 14.92 15.59 15.36 15.75 16.00

Jilin 14.45 14.45 14.10 14.10 14.30 14.90 15.10 15.30 15.50 15.80 15.80 15.80

Heilongjiang 14.00 14.00 13.00 13.80 13.03 14.12 14.33 14.57 14.82 14.80 15.14 15.26

Shanghai 18.67 19.27 20.67 19.33 20.67 20.53 21.00 19.33 20.60 20.93 21.27 20.93

Jiangsu 13.83 14.33 13.48 14.00 13.18 13.19 13.00 13.40 13.38 13.17 13.67 14.75

Zhejiang 16.75 17.82 17.45 15.31 16.30 16.44 16.85 17.56 17.19 17.39 16.00 19.40

Anhui 13.18 14.38 14.02 13.45 13.07 13.06 12.86 13.01 13.29 13.70 14.07 16.14

Fujian 16.58 16.24 16.45 17.02 16.55 16.31 17.12 18.49 18.64 17.46 17.72 17.56

Jiangxi 13.36 16.24 13.83 13.05 13.13 13.75 13.62 13.90 14.36 14.58 15.23 15.74

Shandong 13.14 13.70 13.26 13.44 13.79 13.27 12.91 13.53 14.53 14.04 14.28 14.06

Henan 12.51 13.66 13.12 13.10 13.72 14.09 14.08 14.11 13.97 13.92 14.07 14.19

Hubei 12.31 13.06 12.21 11.63 12.32 12.21 11.79 12.71 12.66 12.77 12.79 12.94

Hunan 13.24 15.80 14.11 13.30 13.14 12.93 13.25 12.80 14.37 13.95 15.08 14.50

Guangdong 17.50 18.14 17.63 17.56 17.34 17.31 17.38 17.38 17.38 17.28 17.39 17.59

Guangxi 12.18 12.50 12.38 12.62 12.47 12.29 12.59 12.82 12.84 12.69 12.73 13.47

Hainan 14.50 15.25 14.50 14.25 15.25 15.00 14.75 14.75 15.00 14.75 14.75 14.75

Chongqing 12.92 14.20 13.03 13.60 13.97 13.57 13.43 13.36 13.86 13.71 14.36 14.60

Sichuan 12.05 12.14 12.10 12.27 12.10 12.15 11.96 12.31 12.10 12.46 12.87 13.30

Guizhou 12.16 13.00 12.56 12.99 13.25 12.99 12.93 12.79 12.83 13.28 13.34 13.58

Yunnan 14.04 14.54 14.64 14.32 14.44 14.59 14.46 14.72 14.62 14.74 15.00 14.83

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.00 14.67 14.00 13.72 14.25 14.25 13.93 13.30 12.83 13.00 13.00 14.33

Gansu 13.93 13.56 13.65 13.80 14.40 15.15 14.51 14.80 14.51 14.47 14.64 14.80

Qinghai 13.69 13.81 14.33 14.63 15.38 14.75 13.85 13.25 12.38 13.05 13.25 14.83

Ningxia 14.00 14.50 13.50 14.00 15.00 14.00 13.80 13.00 14.00 13.25 15.60

Xinjiang 15.90 17.90 16.30 15.67 16.13 16.21 15.29 16.00 16.75 16.10 16.00


Beijing 16.06 16.26 15.78 15.40 16.10 15.48 15.43 15.48 15.28 15.14 15.80 15.36

Tianjin 14.00 14.75 14.75 14.33 14.38 14.00 14.13 14.38 14.50 14.17 15.00 15.50

Hebei 14.48 14.68 14.10 14.50 12.84 13.86 13.68 14.14 14.09 14.22 13.97 14.58

Shanxi 14.46 14.38 14.44 14.33 14.00 14.04 14.00 13.55 13.60 15.06 14.89 15.64

Inner Mongolia 15.33 15.50 14.50 14.68 14.88 15.17 14.62 14.13 14.93 14.83 15.38 15.50

Liaoning 15.82 15.94 16.05 15.64 15.36 15.09 15.18 15.09 15.45 15.82 15.91 16.09

Jilin 16.40 16.40 16.50 16.30 15.90 15.80 15.90 15.80 15.80 15.70 15.80 15.70

Heilongjiang 15.71 15.50 15.50 15.46 15.07 14.93 15.07 14.86 15.01 15.29 15.43 15.43

Shanghai 19.60 21.00 20.93 21.33 21.60 21.60 21.00 21.60 22.67 22.33 22.33 22.00

Jiangsu 15.29 14.50 14.50 14.08 14.43 13.77 14.54 14.17 14.71 15.00 16.50 15.78

Zhejiang 19.42 19.65 19.47 19.06 19.31 19.41 19.75 19.72 19.71 19.94 20.12 18.76

Anhui 15.37 14.76 14.05 14.20 14.24 13.82 13.36 13.72 14.31 14.33 14.36 15.18

Fujian 18.83 17.71 18.96 19.18 19.80 20.03 19.64 18.99 19.61 19.62 20.50 20.82

Jiangxi 16.41 16.74 15.57 15.15 14.44 14.61 14.07 14.90 15.25 15.52 16.76 16.40

Shandong 14.14 14.29 14.26 13.74 14.00 13.68 13.75 13.83 14.05 14.68 14.65 14.64

Henan 14.50 14.54 14.35 14.14 14.06 13.92 14.06 13.73 14.14 14.34 14.86 14.70

Hubei 13.58 14.28 13.42 13.56 13.25 13.53 13.69 12.65 14.00 14.55 14.95 14.45

Hunan 15.88 16.91 14.71 15.21 14.30 14.61 14.46 14.93 16.22 17.05 16.80 17.59

Guangdong 17.70 17.81 18.25 18.66 19.13 18.88 19.22 19.43 19.81 20.10 20.56 20.81

Guangxi 13.62 13.65 13.82 13.66 13.58 13.98 14.21 14.88 15.45 15.61 15.64 15.82

Hainan 16.25 16.50 15.50 15.00 15.00 15.25 14.50 14.75 15.00 15.25 18.25 18.50

Chongqing 14.80 15.61 15.19 15.61 15.33 14.99 15.00 14.77 14.71 15.17 15.26 15.43

Sichuan 13.68 13.81 13.09 13.80 13.85 13.53 13.40 13.56 13.35 13.53 14.27 14.79

Guizhou 14.09 14.28 14.07 14.15 14.09 14.09 13.99 14.36 14.19 14.21 14.74 15.38

Yunnan 14.98 15.18 14.92 14.88 14.99 15.14 15.39 15.37 15.36 15.43 15.67 15.76

Tibet

Shaanxi 14.00 18.00 16.00 15.00 13.00 13.00 13.00

Gansu 15.03 15.13 14.92 15.40 15.92 15.55 15.73 14.82 15.39 14.89 16.17 15.46

Qinghai 15.31 14.55 14.33 14.39 15.73 17.25 17.20 14.82 13.28 13.25 13.50 14.00

Ningxia 15.60 15.50 16.20 16.20 15.80 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.40 16.40 16.00 16.00

Xinjiang 16.20 16.20 15.95 16.07 16.95 16.82 17.22 17.29 16.95 16.57 17.25 17.50


38


Beijing 15.66 15.30 15.35 14.74 15.37 15.44 15.21 15.42 15.37 14.27 14.85 15.02

Tianjin 14.00 15.13 14.33 15.50 15.50 15.83 16.00 15.25 15.50 15.67 15.00 15.25

Hebei 15.04 14.48 14.54 14.14 14.22 14.32 13.80 14.39 14.16 14.77 13.67 14.66

Shanxi 16.25 16.98 16.92 17.09 17.40 16.09 16.07 16.45 16.73 16.08 16.15 15.40

Inner Mongolia 15.60 14.91 15.15 14.83 15.13 14.67 15.45 15.14 15.13 15.15 15.05 15.58

Liaoning 16.45 16.36 16.09 16.18 16.00 16.18 16.18 16.20 16.22 16.00 16.09 16.09

Jilin 16.10 15.90 15.80 15.80 15.90 16.20 16.00 15.90 15.70 15.90 15.80 15.80

Heilongjiang 15.40 15.24 15.21 15.46 15.53 15.36 15.10 15.29 15.20 15.21 15.10 15.25

Shanghai 22.67 22.67 20.67 20.67 20.67 20.67 21.33 20.67 21.00 21.00 20.33 21.00

Jiangsu 16.46 15.93 15.93 16.28 16.34 15.78 16.00 15.69 16.27 16.44 17.84 16.29

Zhejiang 20.85 20.09 21.00 21.33 20.58 20.71 21.13 20.78 21.00 21.27 20.75 21.48

Anhui 15.80 15.74 15.52 15.82 15.16 14.87 14.49 15.00 15.78 15.68 16.47 16.46

Fujian 20.90 20.82 21.49 21.37 20.68 21.11 21.46 22.03 21.59 21.98 21.03 21.71

Jiangxi 17.31 17.24 16.84 17.75 17.28 16.56 17.13 17.12 17.79 18.30 18.75 19.32

Shandong 14.67 14.43 14.49 14.46 14.49 14.24 14.35 14.84 14.56 14.73 15.04 15.21

Henan 14.90 15.05 14.56 14.42 14.47 14.59 14.48 14.80 14.70 14.79 15.03 14.96

Hubei 15.23 14.89 14.70 15.05 14.67 14.55 14.94 15.39 15.68 15.85 15.85 15.73

Hunan 18.70 17.26 16.90 16.93 16.38 16.38 16.67 17.63 18.71 18.64 18.67 18.68

Guangdong 20.66 21.06 21.19 21.83 21.90 22.10 22.07 22.20 22.53 22.67 22.80 21.67

Guangxi 15.84 16.04 16.94 16.82 16.82 17.46 17.70 18.08 18.68 18.51 18.32 18.03

Hainan 19.00 21.00 20.25 20.50 21.00 20.50 20.00 19.50 18.50 19.50 21.50 21.50

Chongqing 16.16 16.31 16.46 16.60 16.17 16.11 15.69 16.04 16.67 16.72 16.78 17.33

Sichuan 14.47 14.53 14.72 14.85 14.73 15.12 15.31 15.42 15.84 15.73 15.68 15.77

Guizhou 15.66 15.54 15.74 15.53 16.06 15.78 15.70 16.25 16.87 16.88 16.91 16.99

Yunnan 15.67 15.91 16.22 16.75 16.92 16.75 17.26 17.75 18.00 17.90 18.38 17.92

Tibet

Shaanxi 15.36 15.00 15.50 15.86 16.28 15.39 15.81 15.71 15.89 16.08 16.38 15.53

Gansu 15.90 15.43 15.84 16.00 15.97 16.35 16.08 16.39 16.21 16.90 15.81 16.15

Qinghai 15.00 15.55 15.35 15.85 15.78 16.35 16.88 15.75 15.38 15.00 16.38 15.75

Ningxia 15.50 16.00 16.00 16.25 16.25 16.00 16.00 16.50 17.00 17.00 16.30 16.67

Xinjiang 17.90 18.40 18.88 19.00 18.20 18.88 18.67 7.50 17.00 18.20 17.39 18.00


Beijing 15.82 16.02 15.14 15.48 15.01 15.14 15.15 15.25 15.57 15.34 15.24 15.74

Tianjin 15.00 17.00 16.00 16.25 15.75 16.00 16.35 16.35 16.85 17.10 16.00 16.25

Hebei 14.93 15.14 15.31 15.00 15.07 15.05 15.30 15.35 15.52 15.41 15.54 15.33

Shanxi 16.28 15.67 15.43 15.55 15.63 14.89 15.50 15.10 15.45 15.77 15.48 15.60

Inner Mongolia 14.89 15.23 15.36 15.37 15.43 15.37 15.43 15.31 15.12 15.37 15.20 15.54

Liaoning 15.82 15.91 15.73 15.73 15.82 16.09 16.00 16.18 16.09 16.27 16.18 16.36

Jilin 15.80 16.10 15.80 15.80 15.80 16.10 16.20 16.10 16.20 16.10 16.10 16.10

Heilongjiang 15.35 15.30 15.36 15.46 15.14 15.46 15.14 15.35 15.35 15.38 15.14 15.06

Shanghai 20.67 20.67 22.33 22.67 22.67 23.33 21.93 23.33 22.33 24.00 24.00 22.33

Jiangsu 17.18 19.57 18.40 18.24 18.18 17.66 18.02 18.07 18.64 18.76 19.36 19.40

Zhejiang 21.88 25.48 24.38 24.06 24.58 25.55 25.36 25.19 24.98 24.89 25.39 25.41

Anhui 17.31 17.17 16.66 16.23 16.47 16.54 16.38 16.61 16.49 17.16 18.00 18.11

Fujian 21.82 23.91 23.50 22.41 22.49 23.08 22.42 22.47 24.26 23.68 24.15 24.01

Jiangxi 19.67 22.11 20.95 19.81 19.35 19.47 19.50 19.50 19.78 20.12 20.55 21.62

Shandong 15.57 15.13 15.12 15.37 15.39 15.32 15.11 15.12 15.37 15.77 15.76 16.10

Henan 15.78 17.23 16.66 16.37 16.15 16.24 15.91 16.19 16.32 16.55 16.85 17.05

Hubei 16.40 17.90 16.90 16.50 17.06 16.53 16.56 16.83 17.39 17.22 17.55 17.60

Hunan 19.26 22.60 20.06 19.45 20.18 19.71 18.85 18.89 19.75 20.24 20.70 20.48

Guangdong 22.50 23.38 23.48 23.50 23.38 23.37 23.17 23.22 23.23 23.37 23.84 23.80

Guangxi 18.75 19.50 19.55 19.56 19.10 19.24 19.58 19.58 19.46 19.30 19.45 19.68

Hainan 21.75 24.00 23.75 23.50 22.00 22.00 21.25 23.25 22.50 23.00 22.50 23.00

Chongqing 16.99 17.33 17.91 17.78 16.39 16.39 15.44 16.87 17.27 17.03 17.49 18.18

Sichuan 15.47 15.56 15.73 15.56 15.49 15.04 15.44 16.12 15.50 15.73 16.36 16.61

Guizhou 17.20 17.80 17.59 17.77 18.07 18.04 18.20 18.08 17.99 18.66 18.59 18.67

Yunnan 17.95 18.07 18.28 16.65 18.07 18.08 18.27 17.99 17.87 18.86 18.96 18.05

Tibet

Shaanxi 16.20 17.46 17.06 17.69 17.95 17.09 16.88 16.96 17.53 17.49 17.56 17.13

Gansu 16.18 16.00 16.40 16.17 16.17 15.96 16.31 15.76 16.09 16.29 15.76 16.07

Qinghai 14.64 16.50 16.33 16.33 16.70 16.88 16.68 15.98 15.50 15.20 15.33 15.83

Ningxia 16.75 17.33 16.50 16.40 16.70 17.00 16.92 16.60 17.00 17.00 16.50 16.50

Xinjiang 17.14 17.56 17.11 17.00 16.72 16.44 16.19 15.55 15.31 15.06 15.22 14.91


39


Beijing 16.01 15.61 15.62 15.53 16.18 16.17 16.14 16.93 16.93 16.94 17.04 16.96

Tianjin 16.13 16.47 16.75 16.60 17.55 17.85 17.98 19.00 17.47 17.80 17.35 18.35

Hebei 16.13 16.44 15.89 15.70 15.88 17.07 15.82 15.88 16.00 16.00 16.24 16.50

Shanxi 16.82 16.46 15.58 15.87 15.86 15.78 16.11 16.25 16.50 15.96 16.51 17.11

Inner Mongolia 15.53 15.13 15.10 14.97 15.29 15.27 15.40 15.63 15.87 15.20 16.11 16.31

Liaoning 16.73 16.64 16.55 16.18 16.36 16.45 16.18 16.27 16.45 16.45 16.73 17.00

Jilin 16.10 16.60 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.90 16.80 16.80 16.90 16.80 16.90 16.90

Heilongjiang 14.26 15.71 15.56 15.56 15.32 15.39 15.54 15.58 15.65 15.81 16.11 16.29

Shanghai 23.67 24.00 22.00 22.33 24.00 23.00 22.00 22.67 23.00 24.00 23.67 24.00

Jiangsu 19.68 19.42 19.42 20.05 19.91 19.29 19.22 19.22 19.22 19.33 20.00 20.60

Zhejiang 26.12 26.40 25.44 25.56 25.24 25.30 25.17 25.30 25.51 25.68 26.22 26.52

Anhui 20.46 19.40 19.58 17.62 17.10 17.14 18.24 17.16 18.18 18.18 19.40 19.58

Fujian 23.29 24.28 24.56 24.78 24.28 24.65 24.80 25.29 24.75 24.75 25.60 28.08

Jiangxi 22.29 23.33 20.82 20.68 20.35 20.40 20.00 20.19 22.38 21.45 21.74 22.31

Shandong 16.37 16.41 16.62 16.42 16.20 16.06 16.27 16.41 16.37 16.44 17.22 17.34

Henan 17.74 17.26 17.23 17.27 17.09 16.93 17.04 17.37 17.40 17.53 17.76 18.37

Hubei 18.95 19.90 18.80 18.10 18.02 18.22 18.00 18.17 18.05 18.26 18.26 18.90

Hunan 21.50 22.10 21.54 21.05 20.35 20.58 19.72 20.78 20.90 21.33 21.24 22.00

Guangdong 23.57 24.59 24.16 23.94 23.81 23.75 23.78 23.47 23.94 23.97 24.85 25.06

Guangxi 19.85 20.28 19.85 20.16 19.95 19.90 19.78 20.02 20.23 20.28 20.28 21.58

Hainan 21.75 26.50 25.00 25.50 24.50 25.00 25.00 24.50 24.00 24.00 25.00 25.63

Chongqing 18.24 17.31 18.23 18.07 18.97 18.72 18.82 18.27 19.27 19.74 20.03 20.03

Sichuan 16.63 16.29 16.84 16.56 16.47 16.41 16.82 16.80 17.24 17.06 17.82 17.80

Guizhou 19.39 19.87 20.15 19.68 19.67 19.42 19.16 19.45 19.56 19.77 19.77 19.74

Yunnan 19.22 19.32 19.34 19.68 19.21 19.82 19.96 19.96 20.11 20.15 20.33 20.59

Tibet

Shaanxi 17.50 18.23 17.60 17.76 17.62 17.47 17.21 17.88 17.17 17.59 17.88 18.13

Gansu 16.01 16.19 16.15 16.21 16.39 16.31 16.02 16.07 15.59 16.15 16.10 16.26

Qinghai 15.90 16.40 16.01 16.50 16.33 16.39 17.73 15.95 15.70 15.70 16.50 16.57

Ningxia 16.40 16.00 12.93 16.25 16.50 17.00 16.83 16.83 16.63 16.50 16.20

Xinjiang 15.72 14.59 14.64 14.93 15.40 15.75 15.23 15.00 14.96 15.13 14.93 15.54


Beijing 16.97 17.17 17.57 17.58 19.05 21.54 22.24 22.00 22.86 23.50 26.34 26.77

Tianjin 17.55 18.05 18.00 17.75 18.63 19.28 20.65 23.00 21.25 23.50 24.75 26.63

Hebei 17.69 18.17 17.78 17.73 18.60 19.71 20.62 22.05 22.71 23.24 25.85 26.67

Shanxi 17.42 18.67 16.42 16.23 17.67 19.67 21.92 21.94 25.09 25.17 25.50 27.71

Inner Mongolia 16.51 17.20 16.47 16.47 17.27 19.25 19.17 22.50 23.45 23.67 23.64 25.33

Liaoning 17.36 18.00 18.09 18.27 20.00 21.09 21.73 22.73 22.73 24.55 26.18 27.00

Jilin 17.60 18.70 19.40 18.60 19.80 21.11 22.60 23.90 25.20 26.00 27.56 27.80

Heilongjiang 16.50 17.50 17.39 17.54 18.51 19.62 20.20 21.38 22.55 23.73 25.38 27.00

Shanghai 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 26.67 25.00 30.33 28.67 29.67 29.67 29.67

Jiangsu 21.11 21.89 21.44 22.11 21.70 21.83 21.87 22.64 24.90 25.20 25.56 27.73

Zhejiang 26.31 27.85 27.16 26.64 27.07 27.17 27.54 27.54 27.89 28.71 29.98 30.59

Anhui 20.50 22.00 19.76 20.23 20.40 22.40 21.82 22.75 23.55 25.18 26.62 28.22

Fujian 27.00 24.35 25.33 25.45 25.32 26.49 28.06 27.47 28.07 28.00 28.31 29.20

Jiangxi 23.10 23.80 23.05 22.25 21.65 22.93 23.67 25.25 25.29 25.55 26.10 27.90

Shandong 18.11 18.45 18.45 18.55 18.70 19.11 19.54 20.93 20.87 22.95 23.83 25.63

Henan 18.90 19.12 19.26 19.04 19.71 20.70 21.36 22.55 23.63 24.27 25.80 27.46

Hubei 19.89 20.84 19.55 19.11 19.53 19.61 20.28 21.56 21.34 22.00 24.50 26.39

Hunan 22.65 23.93 23.29 22.48 22.38 22.50 22.46 23.63 24.30 25.29 25.25 28.43

Guangdong 25.16 26.00 25.44 25.34 25.26 25.57 26.81 27.36 27.56 27.50 28.25 29.25

Guangxi 21.90 22.49 21.28 20.85 21.15 21.68 23.50 24.50 24.18 23.80 24.18 25.08

Hainan 26.13 26.50 25.50 25.00 25.50 25.25 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.00 27.50 26.91

Chongqing 19.81 22.73 20.04 20.77 19.46 20.23 21.00 23.50 22.89 23.87 25.08 26.33

Sichuan 18.26 18.56 18.79 18.86 18.81 19.31 20.87 22.57 21.81 22.69 23.21 24.35

Guizhou 20.09 21.10 20.97 20.66 19.71 20.86 20.99 22.58 23.00 22.92 23.24 24.58

Yunnan 20.81 21.88 21.56 21.34 21.41 21.59 22.59 23.34 24.00 23.84 24.18 24.86

Tibet

Shaanxi 18.18 19.00 18.93 18.75 19.31 21.50 20.91 22.80 22.75 23.89 24.67 28.79

Gansu 16.05 15.97 17.33 18.28 19.01 20.05 20.63 21.31 23.09 23.95 23.73 24.30

Qinghai 18.20 16.60 18.43 18.93 18.50 21.13 22.00 20.13 22.75 25.00 25.50 27.38

Ningxia 17.33 17.20 19.00 20.00 18.93 20.65 20.00 23.00 24.00 24.40 24.40 26.70

Xinjiang 15.77 16.58 17.40 17.86 17.68 19.42 18.83 20.18 21.69 22.80 23.36 23.67


40


Beijing 29.91 31.75 30.85 30.32 30.41 30.07 30.49 30.20 30.23 30.04 30.20 30.24

Tianjin 28.07 28.58 28.65 28.48 28.50 29.00 28.88 29.20 29.50 28.68 28.65 29.08

Hebei 28.38 29.57 28.75 28.54 28.63 28.67 28.72 28.75 29.07 29.14 29.06 29.22

Shanxi 29.78 31.10 30.96 31.04 31.27 31.17 31.22 31.31 31.81 31.60 31.28 31.22

Inner Mongolia 26.82 28.53 28.68 29.47 29.35 29.33 29.68 29.77 29.63 29.42 29.23 29.21

Liaoning 28.50 29.17 28.96 28.98 29.67 29.92 29.63 29.63 29.88 30.20 30.33 30.48

Jilin 29.23 29.80 29.95 29.98 29.86 29.82 29.96 30.15 30.25 30.40 30.40 30.56

Heilongjiang 27.98 28.37 27.97 27.92 28.48 28.48 28.32 28.33 28.63 28.74 28.59 28.71

Shanghai 32.75 35.50 36.38 35.62 36.33 37.08 37.27 37.42 37.83 37.93 37.67 37.67

Jiangsu 33.22 36.58 34.95 34.69 34.07 33.85 33.23 32.72 32.71 33.60 33.72 34.29

Zhejiang 32.54 40.11 40.42 40.75 41.02 40.79 40.15 40.04 39.95 40.22 41.02 41.67

Anhui 33.27 36.43 34.73 34.85 33.81 33.88 33.60 33.70 33.85 35.27 36.18 36.59

Fujian 34.19 39.26 39.25 39.41 39.64 39.90 40.48 40.96 40.77 40.44 40.37 40.62

Jiangxi 30.53 32.73 33.22 33.38 33.28 33.29 33.71 34.27 34.35 36.97 38.42 38.70

Shandong 29.54 30.96 30.61 30.15 30.14 30.68 30.82 30.59 31.01 31.04 30.93 31.16

Henan 28.80 30.20 30.66 30.43 30.32 30.41 30.72 30.87 31.37 31.70 31.82 31.54

Hubei 30.53 34.33 32.88 32.91 32.22 31.98 32.52 32.76 33.29 33.87 34.58 35.08

Hunan 32.04 38.29 34.63 35.16 35.37 35.12 34.99 35.27 36.14 36.90 37.32 37.86

Guangdong 31.99 38.43 37.89 37.50 38.13 38.54 39.28 39.53 39.56 39.43 39.37 40.48

Guangxi 28.28 31.64 32.44 32.93 32.66 32.93 33.33 33.27 33.79 33.89 34.04 34.45

Hainan 29.82 36.91 36.41 36.03 35.86 35.88 35.48 35.55 35.75 36.00 36.30 36.72

Chongqing 28.20 29.74 29.61 30.97 31.43 31.02 30.67 30.59 31.85 32.37 32.83 33.48

Sichuan 25.61 26.81 27.32 27.89 27.88 28.24 27.83 28.27 28.97 29.56 30.35 31.41

Guizhou 27.61 30.85 30.63 31.19 31.47 31.83 31.83 31.69 31.96 32.14 32.31 32.17

Yunnan 25.28 27.26 28.36 29.66 29.93 30.53 31.36 31.59 32.49 32.96 33.30 33.54

Tibet

Shaanxi 30.66 34.24 33.17 33.47 33.10 32.94 33.26 33.87 33.95 33.46 32.93 32.84

Gansu 27.21 28.16 29.08 29.11 29.18 29.84 30.11 30.12 29.82 29.74 30.14 30.10

Qinghai 28.98 27.34 29.27 28.77 29.59 30.58 30.91 31.63 29.78 28.58 28.32 28.85

Ningxia 27.80 29.15 28.44 29.76 30.27 31.25 31.68 31.30 31.35 31.04 30.30 29.88

Xinjiang 26.33 28.85 27.37 27.35 28.60 29.56 29.11 28.76 30.23 31.79 31.97 31.43


Beijing 30.80 30.50 30.40 30.41 30.40 30.45 30.40 30.45 30.68 30.60 31.32 31.80

Tianjin 30.00 29.80 29.60 29.48 29.80 29.80 29.92 30.05 30.67 30.90 30.98 31.42

Hebei 29.68 29.86 29.66 29.65 29.71 29.77 29.74 29.62 29.79 29.78 29.85 30.13

Shanxi 32.14 31.57 30.86 30.79 30.36 30.46 29.48 29.32 29.85 29.78 30.09 30.66

Inner Mongolia 29.45 29.57 29.34 29.06 29.00 28.92 28.79 29.03 29.18 29.27 29.35 29.86

Liaoning 30.63 30.67 30.75 31.18 31.46 31.00 30.75 30.77 31.02 31.22 31.46 31.49

Jilin 31.00 31.07 30.93 30.84 30.70 30.60 30.72 30.80 30.88 30.95 30.77 30.84

Heilongjiang 28.82 28.38 28.07 28.08 28.15 28.15 28.29 28.35 28.64 28.74 29.04 29.57

Shanghai 38.00 37.33 36.83 36.93 37.58 37.42 38.27 38.67 38.80 38.83 38.51 37.93

Jiangsu 35.74 35.38 34.33 33.67 33.64 33.43 33.17 33.50 33.24 33.47 34.33 34.69

Zhejiang 42.10 41.82 41.05 40.65 39.83 39.65 39.40 39.59 40.15 40.86 40.55 40.74

Anhui 37.58 36.23 34.05 33.00 32.17 32.03 31.72 32.10 33.13 33.69 35.03 35.42

Fujian 41.60 41.72 41.31 40.94 40.48 40.48 40.52 40.70 40.89 40.81 41.13 41.00

Jiangxi 40.07 40.82 39.78 38.98 38.47 38.35 38.48 38.92 38.73 39.20 39.02 39.29

Shandong 31.80 31.55 31.11 30.80 30.88 30.82 30.92 30.96 31.15 31.53 31.99 32.49

Henan 31.97 31.37 30.96 30.61 30.47 30.47 30.40 30.89 31.07 31.04 31.18 31.38

Hubei 36.38 35.82 34.22 33.11 32.31 32.01 31.68 32.81 33.56 34.06 34.74 35.28

Hunan 39.65 39.44 38.26 37.34 37.03 36.48 36.29 36.68 37.28 37.85 37.85 38.49

Guangdong 42.34 42.40 41.53 40.99 39.94 39.81 39.79 40.25 40.67 40.98 40.95 40.98

Guangxi 35.09 35.00 34.54 34.24 34.27 34.37 34.23 34.38 34.73 34.96 35.53 35.92

Hainan 37.80 39.25 38.75 38.96 38.85 39.25 39.62 39.77 40.00 40.30 40.52 40.68

Chongqing 34.46 34.44 33.31 32.32 31.78 31.70 31.79 32.00 32.04 31.74 31.75 32.38

Sichuan 31.86 31.69 31.13 30.97 30.87 30.81 30.93 31.12 31.37 31.39 31.72 32.31

Guizhou 32.64 33.21 33.26 32.74 31.97 31.42 31.50 32.07 32.39 32.52 32.65 33.04

Yunnan 33.90 33.59 33.23 33.09 33.15 33.10 32.96 33.07 33.39 33.30 33.31 33.57

Tibet

Shaanxi 33.11 32.47 31.37 30.92 30.87 31.27 31.44 31.58 31.83 31.76 31.75 32.02

Gansu 30.34 30.01 29.42 28.78 28.72 28.94 29.27 29.27 29.22 29.32 29.23 29.83

Qinghai 30.02 29.84 29.05 29.13 29.25 30.00 30.03 30.01 29.11 28.58 28.32 29.10

Ningxia 29.75 29.20 28.90 28.80 29.13 29.30 29.88 30.20 30.60 30.68 30.63 30.60

Xinjiang 29.87 29.44 30.02 31.11 31.79 31.74 30.96 30.99 31.72 32.33 32.56 33.07


41


Beijing 32.00 32.10 32.15 32.11 32.10 32.08 32.15 32.35 32.72 32.72 32.89 32.61

Tianjin 31.82 32.15 32.16 32.40 31.73 30.60 30.65 31.00 31.26 31.25 32.27 32.57

Hebei 30.26 30.49 30.02 29.77 29.69 29.73 30.03 30.24 30.60 30.59 30.66 31.01

Shanxi 30.98 31.70 30.88 30.40 30.20 30.28 30.00 30.00 30.51 30.66 31.58 32.48

Inner Mongolia 30.30 30.18 29.83 29.22 28.99 29.36 29.47 29.96 30.38 30.40 30.59 31.48

Liaoning 31.80 32.05 31.38 30.98 31.06 31.03 31.02 31.42 31.19 31.17 31.34 31.65

Jilin 30.85 31.71 31.68 31.33 30.75 30.83 30.73 30.68 30.72 30.83 31.03 31.06

Heilongjiang 30.03 30.28 30.20 30.03 30.05 30.07 30.39 30.70 30.75 30.73 31.03 31.26

Shanghai 38.00 39.68 37.93 37.80 38.28 38.09 38.58 38.72 38.50 38.60 38.75 38.80

Jiangsu 35.08 36.86 34.58 34.31 33.20 32.82 33.21 34.22 34.57 35.46 36.36 37.07

Zhejiang 41.30 41.47 40.73 40.92 40.16 40.02 40.03 40.29 40.87 41.09 41.80 42.26

Anhui 35.80 36.83 35.33 34.05 33.78 33.62 33.38 33.26 33.94 34.23 34.52 35.54

Fujian 41.03 42.35 41.13 40.65 40.28 40.35 40.57 40.92 40.99 41.26 41.99 42.31

Jiangxi 39.33 39.60 38.93 38.25 37.20 36.26 36.92 37.22 37.77 38.66 39.24 39.82

Shandong 32.90 33.27 32.76 32.42 32.32 32.37 32.71 33.04 33.28 33.37 33.99 34.44

Henan 31.52 32.16 31.78 31.51 31.66 31.69 31.86 31.87 32.01 32.15 32.87 33.47

Hubei 36.04 36.31 34.49 33.15 32.74 32.26 32.65 33.07 33.49 34.67 35.50 35.48

Hunan 39.23 39.61 38.43 37.74 37.37 37.20 37.17 37.19 37.74 38.04 38.18 38.44

Guangdong 40.95 41.36 40.30 40.37 40.52 41.03 41.11 41.54 41.93 42.15 42.57 43.01

Guangxi 36.18 36.53 36.08 35.67 35.45 35.39 35.56 35.92 35.85 36.06 36.19 36.29

Hainan 41.73 41.22 39.18 39.16 39.52 39.33 39.70 39.58 39.32 39.69 40.83 40.62

Chongqing 32.65 32.66 32.21 31.69 31.72 31.96 31.65 31.60 31.60 31.81 32.64 32.89

Sichuan 32.58 32.70 32.24 31.65 31.38 31.30 31.51 31.80 32.02 32.15 32.81 33.30

Guizhou 33.19 33.79 33.57 32.86 32.73 32.66 32.49 32.82 33.13 33.23 33.23 33.72

Yunnan 33.64 34.02 33.68 33.55 33.28 33.32 33.38 33.75 34.14 34.53 34.71 34.80

Tibet

Shaanxi 32.44 33.15 32.15 31.55 31.50 31.45 31.19 31.36 31.79 31.76 32.13 32.98

Gansu 30.35 30.57 29.96 29.58 29.64 29.39 29.89 30.24 31.25 31.99 32.29 32.91

Qinghai 29.63 29.97 30.05 30.38 30.47 31.06 32.16 32.31 31.28 30.47 31.38 33.15

Ningxia 30.70 31.05 30.56 30.40 30.40 31.04 31.80 32.40 33.72 33.95 34.00 34.32

Xinjiang 33.73 34.26 34.80 35.11 34.93 34.29 34.00 34.27 35.86 37.09 38.02 37.82


Beijing 33.00 33.50 33.24 34.05 34.40 34.76 35.90 35.68 36.30 37.25 37.20 37.26

Tianjin 34.40 34.38 32.98 33.17 33.63 34.40 34.40 34.88 35.53 35.65 36.13 37.38

Hebei 31.56 32.49 32.00 32.06 32.23 32.84 33.53 34.60 35.63 35.99 36.00 36.57

Shanxi 33.20 34.14 33.30 32.76 32.68 33.53 34.10 34.74 35.61 35.49 35.74 36.44

Inner Mongolia 31.93 32.04 31.84 31.27 31.49 32.22 32.94 34.08 35.35 36.07 36.16 36.40

Liaoning 31.83 31.90 32.02 32.02 32.54 33.83 34.69 35.23 36.14 36.83 37.46 37.45

Jilin 31.30 31.68 31.74 31.73 31.95 32.86 34.58 35.27 36.19 36.63 36.28 36.13

Heilongjiang 31.46 31.52 31.48 31.62 31.75 32.65 33.34 33.96 34.30 34.82 34.86 35.59

Shanghai 38.75 40.67 38.40 38.25 39.50 43.13 43.50 43.87 46.00 46.34 46.87 46.58

Jiangsu 39.39 39.74 38.07 37.55 37.46 39.03 40.77 41.03 41.39 41.62 40.97 42.00

Zhejiang 42.78 44.14 43.64 43.72 43.53 43.75 43.92 43.97 44.58 44.85 45.09 45.45

Anhui 37.27 37.10 34.67 33.97 34.06 34.60 35.07 35.97 37.57 38.64 39.87 40.87

Fujian 42.87 44.76 43.79 44.20 44.31 44.27 44.81 45.14 45.28 45.78 46.62 47.37

Jiangxi 40.20 41.53 40.75 39.73 38.99 38.81 39.51 39.79 40.89 42.43 43.43 44.61

Shandong 34.96 35.49 34.72 34.13 34.27 34.80 35.37 35.85 36.70 37.15 38.28 39.51

Henan 34.27 35.22 34.62 34.95 35.37 35.85 35.97 36.28 37.06 37.44 38.20 39.04

Hubei 36.93 37.62 35.93 35.22 34.76 35.28 36.09 37.15 38.20 39.32 40.03 40.57

Hunan 39.28 40.17 39.41 38.77 38.57 38.77 39.16 39.54 40.52 41.08 41.44 42.30

Guangdong 43.64 43.98 43.20 42.70 42.53 43.18 44.41 44.69 45.24 45.64 46.10 46.91

Guangxi 37.07 37.66 37.40 37.22 37.14 37.59 38.14 38.54 39.29 39.59 39.35 40.10

Hainan 41.60 42.48 42.21 42.93 42.65 42.87 44.39 44.63 46.05 47.69 47.04 47.35

Chongqing 33.58 34.78 33.99 33.31 33.63 35.16 35.65 36.82 37.54 38.52 39.66 40.21

Sichuan 33.47 33.82 33.57 33.39 33.18 33.63 34.47 35.34 35.76 36.10 36.52 37.17

Guizhou 34.56 35.61 35.21 34.95 34.86 35.17 36.03 36.83 37.44 37.94 38.00 38.94

Yunnan 34.89 35.10 34.86 34.93 34.97 35.30 35.84 36.42 36.87 37.46 37.62 37.94

Tibet

Shaanxi 34.21 35.18 34.91 34.71 34.74 35.18 36.34 36.64 37.25 37.35 37.42 37.82

Gansu 33.52 34.31 33.60 33.79 34.20 35.45 36.41 37.47 37.89 38.14 38.22 38.74

Qinghai 33.47 34.04 34.10 34.30 34.89 35.78 36.60 37.63 37.50 36.57 36.63 36.82

Ningxia 34.95 35.35 33.56 33.83 35.10 35.40 37.05 38.64 39.20 39.20 39.80 39.55

Xinjiang 37.79 38.22 37.86 38.02 37.62 37.69 38.95 39.92 40.11 39.91 39.67 39.47


42

Exhibit 66: Lamb/Mutton Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 15.60 16.00 14.67 14.60 16.00 14.60 14.60 16.40 16.55 16.40 15.20 15.38

Tianjin 13.38 13.33 12.50 13.50 13.88 14.13 14.13 14.00 13.75 14.50 13.83 14.38

Hebei 13.74 15.21 15.00 13.44 13.63 13.54 13.59 13.29 13.75 13.75 13.67 12.94

Shanxi 13.16 14.02 13.94 13.20 11.42 11.68 12.70 13.77 12.66 12.40 13.86 14.10

Inner Mongolia 12.18 12.80 12.78 12.44 12.29 12.71 12.83 13.25 13.40 11.97 11.77 12.20

Liaoning 15.27 14.89 14.98 14.95 15.42 15.24 15.09 15.37 15.12 14.77 14.67 15.75

Jilin 16.00 15.00 14.50 15.94 15.33 15.89 16.00 15.37 15.50 15.70 15.33 15.78

Heilongjiang 14.00 14.00 14.00 15.76 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.50 14.00

Shanghai 17.50 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 8.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00

Jiangsu 16.55 13.00 13.00 8.90 12.75 15.00 13.39 14.00 12.20 12.20 17.50 14.34

Zhejiang 8.65 18.45 17.77 17.50 18.00 13.75 14.00 16.50 17.74 19.72 18.89 19.78

Anhui 13.20 13.89 12.50 13.90 13.50 13.00 12.75 13.50 13.00 13.03 13.30 13.27

Fujian 21.46 22.82 22.00 23.10 21.75 21.33 21.24 20.60 21.71 21.75 21.91 22.00

Jiangxi 16.13 20.67 17.99 16.78 16.55 16.10 16.00 16.50 17.00 17.00 17.50 17.22

Shandong 14.78 15.07 14.39 13.67 14.06 14.90 13.94 14.70 14.03 14.12 14.95 14.43

Henan 14.08 13.90 13.95 13.59 13.00 13.36 12.99 13.28 12.86 13.30 13.76 13.29

Hubei 12.18 13.45 12.24 13.25 13.25 13.00 13.00 13.00 12.57 12.22 11.76 12.84

Hunan 14.81 14.81 15.10 15.31 14.89 16.25 15.13 15.50 13.50 12.50 14.98 14.80

Guangdong 19.64 20.20 19.14 18.56 18.29 19.43 18.57 18.29 18.86 18.57 20.55 20.75

Guangxi 18.14 18.19 18.50 17.32 16.38 16.75 16.00 16.88 15.70 16.64 17.97 18.80

Hainan 27.20 26.28 25.50 22.88 23.10 22.33 25.38 24.33 25.53 26.55 25.67 25.50

Chongqing 11.90 15.25 12.67 11.70 11.00 11.00 10.00 10.50 10.00 11.17 11.17 11.67

Sichuan 12.23 12.79 12.35 11.96 11.56 11.09 10.97 11.09 11.31 10.60 11.38 11.94

Guizhou 10.20 13.71 12.00 15.20 14.00 13.50 15.86 13.00 16.00 17.50 13.50

Yunnan 13.55 13.78 13.27 13.32 13.20 14.44 13.38 13.29 13.17 12.19 13.14 13.32

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.89 14.50 14.87 12.71 13.33 13.83 14.00 13.83 14.25 13.99 14.17 14.08

Gansu 12.32 12.72 12.14 12.32 12.97 12.06 12.35 12.55 12.11 11.50 11.23 11.99

Qinghai 10.00 10.80 11.60 12.20 12.10 12.70 11.80 8.88 8.43 8.32 9.08 10.20

Ningxia 12.30 9.80 10.60 10.67 12.00 10.67 12.00 14.00 12.00 13.00 14.38

Xinjiang 14.00 13.50 13.50 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00


Beijing 16.00 15.00 19.00 16.33 15.52 13.10 16.33 16.50 15.24 15.76 15.32 15.45

Tianjin 16.13 17.67 16.17 15.63 16.88 15.88 15.50 14.83 14.25 14.25

Hebei 14.50 13.25 14.00 13.89 12.91 13.67 14.00 13.52 14.18 13.50 13.59 14.44

Shanxi 14.66 13.76 13.57 12.92 14.36 12.60 12.20 14.00 16.00 13.87 16.88 15.10

Inner Mongolia 15.06 12.62 12.63 12.50 12.50 13.57 14.14 14.07 13.63 13.55 13.97 13.83

Liaoning 15.91 15.73 15.58 15.55 15.33 15.49 15.76 15.80 15.55 15.83 14.10 15.69

Jilin 16.44 16.22 16.11 16.00 16.00 16.11 16.11 16.44 16.67 16.71 16.50 16.80

Heilongjiang 19.00 14.00 14.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 14.00 15.00

Shanghai 18.00 18.30 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.50 19.00 18.00 18.00 18.75

Jiangsu 14.57 14.36 13.60 14.00 13.40 14.00 13.67 13.67 11.67 13.23 14.00 14.25

Zhejiang 17.18 17.29 17.18 15.65 15.36 13.67 13.47 13.33 17.25 17.63 19.10 19.42

Anhui 13.50 13.64 13.20 14.54 13.25 12.00 12.33 12.13 11.50 12.41 12.79 19.42

Fujian 22.60 22.14 21.78 21.76 22.25 21.94 19.75 20.68 20.54 21.36 21.89 21.50

Jiangxi 18.15 18.60 17.10 17.40 16.29 16.80 16.33 16.00 17.00 17.25 16.77 17.21

Shandong 15.25 15.05 14.96 14.36 14.18 14.71 13.20 16.00 14.98 14.92 15.79

Henan 13.70 14.51 14.29 13.74 14.44 13.89 13.71 13.85 14.17 13.87 14.39 14.04

Hubei 12.54 12.67 12.27 12.50 14.00 14.03 13.67 13.67 12.83 12.50 12.39

Hunan 15.50 17.13 15.00 15.40 15.00 15.13 15.25 14.00 13.80 14.00 14.40 15.92

Guangdong 20.36 19.82 20.18 19.67 18.67 18.44 18.33 18.33 18.67 18.56 19.70 20.55

Guangxi 19.07 18.50 17.54 17.45 16.38 17.00 16.80 17.15 18.25 19.50

Hainan 25.67 25.55 24.67 24.00 24.25 23.50 23.25 23.20 24.00 22.25 24.25 23.33

Chongqing 11.70 11.53 10.53 11.30 10.30 10.20 10.80 10.70 10.30 12.12 12.00

Sichuan 12.11 12.09 11.40 11.61 11.46 11.66 11.32 11.34 11.44 11.97 11.87 12.75

Guizhou 12.92 15.00 14.50 15.00 15.00 14.80 14.00 16.00 15.00 14.80 16.60 14.12

Yunnan 13.78 14.42 14.33 14.19 13.92 13.80 13.87 14.14 14.17 14.64 15.11 13.29

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.50 12.80 14.00 14.20 14.40 14.50 14.10 14.50 14.00 14.50 14.25 13.67

Gansu 12.53 12.15 13.54 12.08 12.80 13.34 13.10 13.00 12.87 12.72 13.26 13.08

Qinghai 11.12 12.51 12.57 12.90 14.54 14.22 11.56 9.70 10.59 12.10 12.78

Ningxia 11.00 12.40 12.68 15.00 17.00 15.00 15.50

Xinjiang 18.00 17.00 16.69 16.94 18.91 16.29 17.00 18.00 18.06


43


Beijing 15.24 15.60 14.96 15.62 15.00 15.10 15.24 16.10 15.08 14.36 14.50 14.63

Tianjin 15.83 15.83 16.17 15.83 15.83 15.83 16.13 16.25 16.17 16.38 16.63 16.50

Hebei 13.60 13.88 13.74 13.18 13.61 13.86 14.17 13.83 13.69 13.97 13.93 13.77

Shanxi 15.33 16.05 14.38 13.93 13.50 13.60 13.53 14.51 14.70 14.61 15.06 15.15

Inner Mongolia 13.75 13.50 14.38 13.64 13.55 13.66 13.95 14.38 14.58 14.58 14.89 14.17

Liaoning 15.60 16.27 15.93 15.82 14.45 16.53 16.73 16.41 16.50 16.23 16.32 16.27

Jilin 17.09 17.09 16.70 17.00 16.10 17.20 17.10 17.00 17.00 17.10 16.90 16.90

Heilongjiang 15.00 15.00 15.00 13.00 14.29 14.11 13.89 14.19 14.35 14.43 14.11 14.26

Shanghai 16.50 18.50 20.50 18.25 19.00 19.33 20.00 20.50 20.50 20.50 19.00 19.33

Jiangsu 13.80 15.00 15.24 15.00 13.67 12.75 13.40 15.33 14.60 14.40 14.87 15.22

Zhejiang 16.22 19.86 20.44 17.33 17.20 17.80 19.67 20.00 20.00 19.50 13.00 20.88

Anhui 14.50 14.93 14.64 14.27 14.23 13.29 13.03 13.31 13.63 13.64 13.95 16.22

Fujian 23.15 23.24 21.99 21.64 21.13 21.69 22.07 21.88 22.70 22.55 23.14 22.53

Jiangxi 16.53 20.07 17.71 16.60 16.53 15.05 14.55 16.09 17.80 17.88 18.46

Shandong 16.38 16.72 15.91 15.68 15.66 15.42 14.98 14.69 15.20 15.84 15.74 16.23

Henan 14.29 15.21 14.51 14.38 14.59 14.64 14.57 14.80 14.66 14.70 15.05 14.96

Hubei 13.20 13.12 12.53 12.17 13.00 14.00 13.75 13.50 13.33 13.43 13.20

Hunan 16.13 17.50 16.87 15.84 15.05 15.00 15.00 12.72 16.91 14.91 16.23 16.85

Guangdong 20.73 22.17 21.09 20.60 20.67 20.44 21.00 21.13 20.67 20.56 20.95 21.18

Guangxi 19.70 19.73 19.31 19.00 18.30 18.92 18.71 18.96 18.77 19.14 19.53 20.06

Hainan 24.25 24.50 24.50 24.00 24.50 23.50 23.50 23.75 24.00 23.50 24.50 24.50

Chongqing 13.02 12.96 11.61 10.97 11.40 11.60 11.07 11.03 11.70 11.70 12.43 13.23

Sichuan 12.86 13.64 13.15 12.33 12.38 12.79 12.79 12.58 12.34 12.61 13.27 13.85

Guizhou 15.05 18.04 18.17 17.81 18.82 19.03 18.11 16.16 18.23 18.01 17.36 18.67

Yunnan 15.33 15.44 15.59 15.41 14.77 15.94 15.78 16.51 16.50 15.96 16.39 16.12

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.67 15.33 14.50 13.20 14.75 14.50 15.59 13.27 13.33 13.67 14.00 15.33

Gansu 13.69 13.20 13.26 13.64 13.80 15.15 13.69 13.84 13.29 13.51 13.89 14.19

Qinghai 13.50 13.63 14.08 14.55 14.78 14.45 13.80 12.08 10.95 11.53 12.65 13.64

Ningxia 13.40 14.75 11.00 10.40 12.60 10.60 14.00 13.00 14.20 14.80 14.80

Xinjiang 17.70 17.80 17.70 16.92 17.75 17.29 17.29 16.33 17.33 16.83 17.00


Beijing 14.52 15.66 15.68 15.40 16.08 15.00 16.00 14.72 14.83 14.95 15.98 14.90

Tianjin 16.38 15.13 17.38 17.33 16.75 16.38 16.50 16.25 16.33 16.67 16.67 17.00

Hebei 14.04 14.67 14.37 14.27 13.38 13.83 13.91 13.95 13.93 14.30 14.47 14.28

Shanxi 15.16 15.14 15.44 14.59 14.04 13.73 12.96 13.45 14.10 14.20 14.44 14.98

Inner Mongolia 14.72 14.12 11.77 13.25 12.64 12.11 13.50 14.40 13.86 13.62 13.62 14.39

Liaoning 16.64 16.86 16.77 16.73 16.73 16.91 16.36 16.64 16.64 16.55 16.55 16.55

Jilin 16.70 16.90 16.90 16.70 16.90 17.10 16.90 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.30 17.50

Heilongjiang 14.69 14.64 14.66 14.55 14.50 14.64 14.57 14.50 14.82 14.79 14.86 14.71

Shanghai 16.83 22.00 21.00 20.00 16.90 20.67 20.50 19.50 20.50 20.50 21.25 21.50

Jiangsu 15.70 14.90 14.60 14.29 14.67 14.25 14.60 15.00 15.00 14.90 15.32 15.33

Zhejiang 20.92 20.71 20.29 19.77 19.33 18.57 17.50 17.60 17.50 19.57 20.81 19.80

Anhui 14.00 13.87 13.71 13.44 12.79 11.88 12.43 12.34 12.85 12.56 13.26 14.58

Fujian 23.30 23.40 23.00 22.82 23.05 22.91 22.35 22.27 22.45 23.18 23.50 24.09

Jiangxi 17.90 19.06 17.99 17.50 17.13 17.33 16.33 17.56 17.90 17.86 17.50

Shandong 16.50 16.56 16.11 15.69 15.28 15.18 14.88 15.22 15.28 15.71 15.50 15.86

Henan 14.87 14.70 14.41 14.41 14.26 14.17 14.09 14.04 14.28 14.38 14.41 14.63

Hubei 13.21 13.44 13.03 13.00 12.91 13.43 12.90 12.63 13.50 13.60 13.72 13.59

Hunan 17.57 16.70 15.18 16.27 14.25 14.75 15.06 14.48 13.96 17.02 16.60 17.20

Guangdong 21.40 22.00 21.20 20.00 20.78 20.44 20.22 20.22 20.56 20.55 20.91 21.09

Guangxi 19.97 20.25 19.44 19.01 19.29 19.43 18.80 19.21 19.90 19.87 20.17 20.66

Hainan 25.50 16.70 25.25 23.50 23.75 23.50 23.00 23.25 24.75 25.18 27.25 26.25

Chongqing 13.94 14.50 13.60 12.82 12.45 13.20 13.52 13.30 12.58 13.10 13.23 13.66

Sichuan 14.34 13.78 13.96 13.98 13.50 13.66 12.37 13.79 14.03 13.69 14.56 15.40

Guizhou 18.12 18.91 18.91 16.96 17.62 17.68 19.28 19.23 18.95 18.28 17.88 19.00

Yunnan 16.21 16.38 16.67 16.61 16.47 16.73 16.78 17.18 17.01 16.93 17.28 17.49

Tibet

Shaanxi 15.00 20.00 15.00 16.00 14.00 14.00 14.00

Gansu 14.43 13.44 13.96 13.58 13.96 14.04 14.11 13.38 13.86 13.83 13.61 14.26

Qinghai 13.66 13.83 13.65 13.71 15.52 16.88 16.13 13.43 11.93 12.00 12.19 13.03

Ningxia 14.20 13.50 13.75 13.80 12.70 14.80 14.68 14.80 15.00 14.84 14.65 14.50

Xinjiang 17.00 17.00 16.80 17.14 17.85 18.23 18.00 17.63 17.65 17.30 17.08 17.19


44


Beijing 15.20 15.00 14.67 14.67 15.47 15.40 15.57 15.58 15.65 14.00 14.78 15.37

Tianjin 16.67 16.75 16.67 17.00 16.67 17.00 17.17 16.88 17.13 17.50 17.38 17.88

Hebei 14.88 14.31 14.33 14.48 14.06 14.36 14.45 14.18 14.37 14.60 14.27 15.24

Shanxi 15.06 14.82 15.01 15.23 14.49 15.28 15.14 15.67 15.30 16.01 16.22 15.95

Inner Mongolia 13.64 14.71 14.78 13.59 13.35 14.38 14.53 13.97 15.08 15.27 14.32 14.25

Liaoning 17.09 16.82 16.55 16.68 16.55 16.55 16.45 16.42 16.53 15.91 16.09 16.45

Jilin 16.90 16.70 16.70 16.90 16.90 17.10 17.00 16.75 16.65 16.25 16.15 16.05

Heilongjiang 14.67 15.03 15.36 15.57 15.60 15.34 15.09 15.49 14.88 15.24 15.17 14.93

Shanghai 22.00 22.00 20.50 21.33 21.33 20.75 21.25 21.25 21.00 21.50 21.75 21.50

Jiangsu 16.23 15.40 14.71 15.80 16.20 16.40 15.32 15.72 15.93 15.08 16.33 16.60

Zhejiang 20.90 19.22 20.57 19.17 20.89 21.25 19.67 19.41 20.59 21.93 20.80 20.00

Anhui 15.09 14.29 14.42 14.18 13.40 13.96 13.77 13.83 14.38 14.64 16.09 16.57

Fujian 25.00 23.67 24.50 24.30 23.13 22.78 22.42 23.04 24.18 24.15 23.93 24.18

Jiangxi 18.23 18.31 18.13 18.25 18.59 18.36 18.14 19.25 18.54 18.67 19.00 18.87

Shandong 16.34 15.90 16.26 15.86 15.81 15.54 15.56 16.25 16.48 16.16 16.70 17.32

Henan 15.04 14.74 13.96 14.08 14.20 14.32 14.15 14.63 14.60 14.88 15.80 16.48

Hubei 13.69 13.39 13.81 13.57 13.42 13.18 13.55 13.90 14.58 14.73 14.33 14.60

Hunan 17.50 16.54 16.31 15.92 15.78 15.63 15.69 16.64 17.28 16.65 17.79 17.31

Guangdong 21.45 21.75 21.58 21.90 20.89 20.89 20.89 20.67 20.88 21.00 21.83

Guangxi 20.72 20.48 20.54 20.41 20.33 20.07 20.37 20.63 21.23 21.00 20.88 20.81

Hainan 26.00 28.00 27.00 27.00 27.00 27.00 26.00 24.50 25.00 25.50 26.50 27.25

Chongqing 14.09 14.19 14.07 14.00 13.53 13.63 12.64 12.56 13.06 14.06 14.26 14.21

Sichuan 14.83 15.25 14.96 15.02 15.03 15.52 15.24 15.17 16.18 15.38 15.06 15.04

Guizhou 18.98 18.36 17.96 18.45 18.76 18.44 18.31 19.27 18.67 19.64 19.36 19.66

Yunnan 17.04 17.51 17.19 17.29 17.17 17.24 17.31 17.68 17.75 17.46 17.48 17.28

Tibet

Shaanxi 14.76 13.73 14.57 15.35 14.63 14.95 15.37 15.03 15.80 15.71 15.46 15.31

Gansu 14.00 13.86 13.81 13.97 14.27 14.38 14.21 14.04 14.09 14.20 13.64 13.97

Qinghai 12.50 14.65 14.54 14.30 15.05 16.28 16.86 14.90 13.75 12.83 13.93 14.01

Ningxia 13.50 14.33 15.33 13.75 14.25 13.67 13.67 13.73 14.00 16.00 13.50 14.00

Xinjiang 18.23 18.40 19.63 20.25 18.20 19.75 19.50 18.50 17.50 18.00 15.89 17.20


Beijing 16.17 16.23 14.65 15.17 13.67 15.53 15.28 15.50 15.72 15.27 15.73 10.61

Tianjin 17.63 17.83 18.60 18.50 17.50 17.67 17.17 17.17 17.83 17.50 17.50 18.17

Hebei 15.08 16.00 15.88 15.63 15.25 15.32 15.36 15.48 15.53 15.87 15.70 15.39

Shanxi 17.25 17.38 16.17 15.69 15.87 14.88 14.94 14.73 14.67 16.88 17.19 18.66

Inner Mongolia 14.23 14.45 14.59 14.55 14.88 15.05 14.93 15.28 15.78 14.87 14.98 15.19

Liaoning 16.45 17.18 17.09 17.00 16.82 17.00 16.82 16.91 17.00 17.00 17.00 16.91

Jilin 16.05 17.60 17.00 17.20 17.20 17.50 17.60 17.60 17.70 17.50 17.50 17.10

Heilongjiang 14.96 15.20 14.63 15.14 14.46 15.11 14.78 15.14 15.14 15.18 15.06 15.28

Shanghai 21.50 25.75 23.50 23.50 24.67 24.00 24.29 25.33 25.50 26.00 25.00 24.75

Jiangsu 17.58 19.54 17.77 18.00 17.20 17.25 17.80 17.40 17.60 17.29 18.50 19.11

Zhejiang 22.07 25.12 24.46 23.96 23.23 22.50 22.72 21.57 23.34 23.33 23.72 24.12

Anhui 17.52 17.17 16.52 15.31 15.71 15.62 15.73 15.57 15.50 16.64 17.88 17.42

Fujian 25.00 27.00 26.67 27.25 26.00 25.27 25.60 25.56 25.15 24.53 25.70 27.38

Jiangxi 19.79 23.31 21.43 20.08 20.18 19.60 20.50 20.00 20.63 20.24 18.85 20.94

Shandong 17.76 17.24 17.20 17.68 17.67 17.19 17.23 17.24 17.41 17.58 17.47 17.53

Henan 17.23 17.63 16.50 16.28 16.73 16.27 16.14 15.92 17.18 17.32 17.61 17.36

Hubei 15.06 16.95 16.26 15.50 15.70 15.36 13.86 14.56 15.28 15.41 15.46 16.25

Hunan 16.76 21.11 18.90 18.46 18.08 17.32 17.36 18.00 18.33 17.79 18.50 19.08

Guangdong 21.69 23.61 23.76 23.04 22.00 21.77 21.92 21.83 21.55 22.08 22.38 23.17

Guangxi 21.32 21.84 21.58 21.40 21.19 21.25 21.39 21.44 21.06 21.06 21.63 21.92

Hainan 27.50 31.75 30.00 28.50 27.00 27.00 26.75 27.50 27.00 27.00 26.50 27.50

Chongqing 14.80 14.78 13.31 13.89 13.14 13.08 13.50 14.43 13.86 13.84 14.61 16.68

Sichuan 14.65 14.98 14.58 14.26 14.26 14.50 14.49 14.30 14.53 15.12 14.96 16.28

Guizhou 19.67 20.42 19.12 19.72 20.26 20.09 20.48 20.28 20.61 20.88 21.54 21.61

Yunnan 17.45 17.54 17.23 17.05 17.21 17.38 17.03 17.02 16.82 17.29 17.19 17.30

Tibet

Shaanxi 16.32 18.92 17.65 17.46 17.22 17.61 17.22 17.19 17.79 17.73 18.00 18.27

Gansu 14.00 13.69 14.38 14.28 14.35 14.19 14.43 14.33 14.17 14.29 14.14 14.13

Qinghai 14.76 15.75 16.00 16.55 16.75 16.63 16.33 14.83 13.94 14.05 13.93 14.33

Ningxia 14.50 16.33 15.40 14.32 14.60 14.68 15.08 14.80 15.67 15.67 15.50 16.00

Xinjiang 16.86 17.13 17.00 17.19 17.20 16.56 16.44 14.20 14.88 14.22 13.22 14.55


45


Beijing 16.32 15.96 16.12 16.41 15.54 16.23 15.92 16.53 17.32 17.13 17.83 17.58

Tianjin 20.25 18.25 19.50 18.83 18.17 18.17 17.50 19.00 19.25 18.83 18.83 18.17

Hebei 16.63 16.57 16.61 16.11 16.30 16.42 16.69 16.61 17.00 16.68 17.12 17.50

Shanxi 18.75 18.27 17.31 17.87 16.61 16.90 16.48 17.08 16.36 18.96 18.65 20.21

Inner Mongolia 15.43 15.07 14.95 14.57 14.56 14.99 15.17 15.57 15.87 15.05 16.17 15.93

Liaoning 17.45 17.91 17.64 17.73 18.00 18.00 17.91 18.00 18.00 18.18 18.18 18.45

Jilin 17.50 17.70 18.00 18.10 18.30 18.70 18.50 18.60 19.10 18.60 18.70 18.90

Heilongjiang 15.45 15.67 15.89 15.64 15.57 15.39 15.54 16.00 15.92 16.23 15.93 16.54

Shanghai 25.00 25.00 22.50 22.75 24.00 23.25 22.25 23.25 24.33 24.67 24.25 24.50

Jiangsu 20.00 20.25 19.14 19.14 18.80 18.60 18.80 18.40 18.20 17.47 18.90 19.98

Zhejiang 24.76 25.22 24.45 25.23 24.85 24.70 25.09 24.35 25.10 24.89 25.38 27.40

Anhui 20.20 20.02 18.65 17.11 16.87 16.70 16.95 16.38 16.71 15.71 18.82 18.38

Fujian 26.43 27.56 27.19 26.00 26.73 26.40 26.19 27.78 25.78 27.17 27.75 28.17

Jiangxi 21.69 22.38 19.60 20.21 20.33 18.71 22.00 20.60 21.50 21.06 21.42 22.31

Shandong 17.66 17.86 17.82 17.58 17.50 17.43 17.49 17.51 18.00 17.74 19.77 20.38

Henan 17.76 17.66 16.69 17.31 16.85 17.04 17.10 17.29 17.29 17.56 18.24 19.83

Hubei 17.15 17.40 16.79 16.36 16.09 15.58 15.64 16.27 16.38 17.29 17.40 18.31

Hunan 20.88 21.25 20.12 20.31 19.36 19.46 19.00 19.46 20.41 20.67 20.95 22.63

Guangdong 23.58 23.92 23.31 22.81 22.17 21.92 21.58 20.95 21.42 22.17 22.69 23.61

Guangxi 22.47 23.06 22.57 22.99 22.62 23.00 22.94 23.00 23.69 23.78 23.63 24.92

Hainan 25.50 28.50 27.50 29.00 29.50 28.50 29.00 29.00 28.50 28.50 29.00 29.75

Chongqing 17.39 16.61 16.77 16.83 16.08 16.20 16.19 16.44 15.94 16.23 18.12 20.04

Sichuan 16.85 16.58 16.98 16.16 16.50 16.21 16.09 16.71 17.50 17.32 18.91 19.27

Guizhou 21.71 21.64 20.41 22.56 22.51 22.16 21.98 22.37 22.38 22.13 21.99 22.88

Yunnan 17.93 17.94 17.73 17.88 17.99 18.24 18.19 17.97 17.91 18.49 19.03 19.39

Tibet

Shaanxi 17.93 18.66 18.31 18.00 17.71 17.67 17.47 18.35 18.75 18.63 18.75 19.42

Gansu 14.46 14.86 14.54 14.54 14.67 14.83 14.51 14.76 14.51 14.52 14.41 15.37

Qinghai 14.28 15.23 14.73 15.31 16.63 16.25 16.34 14.55 13.80 14.00 13.90 15.66

Ningxia 15.50 15.33 14.75 15.75 15.00 14.50 16.00 16.00 16.05 16.00 16.33

Xinjiang 15.72 14.31 15.21 15.82 16.20 16.38 15.00 13.00 13.89 14.67 14.57 15.27


Beijing 18.18 18.38 18.80 19.99 20.12 21.84 22.05 24.00 23.57 26.00 27.76 28.44

Tianjin 18.00 19.20 19.50 19.75 21.00 23.10 23.65 24.50 24.00 24.00 25.50 29.25

Hebei 18.05 18.56 18.97 18.83 20.03 21.57 22.05 22.26 24.14 25.21 28.26 27.88

Shanxi 20.57 21.36 18.98 18.10 19.86 21.90 21.67 23.29 25.91 27.42 28.23 30.00

Inner Mongolia 16.14 17.40 15.97 15.97 17.23 21.25 20.50 23.38 24.73 23.29 24.50 25.53

Liaoning 19.09 20.45 20.09 20.55 22.55 24.09 24.55 25.82 25.82 26.82 27.82 28.91

Jilin 20.40 21.50 21.50 20.60 22.50 24.89 25.60 27.00 26.70 28.20 29.67 29.80

Heilongjiang 16.04 17.75 17.04 16.88 17.86 19.54 22.00 21.29 21.42 22.91 24.45 24.69

Shanghai 25.00 27.00 24.50 24.50 23.75 28.00 26.25 30.67 32.00 30.75 31.50 32.75

Jiangsu 20.56 21.78 21.44 21.00 21.00 22.20 21.60 23.80 26.50 25.40 27.71 29.20

Zhejiang 27.38 29.24 29.10 28.37 28.75 28.22 28.28 28.18 28.77 31.00 32.62 32.52

Anhui 19.70 19.76 18.90 19.73 20.36 19.60 20.14 21.60 22.40 24.40 26.38 27.78

Fujian 26.97 28.07 28.51 28.42 28.89 29.38 28.86 29.95 30.12 30.57 31.46 32.33

Jiangxi 22.50 24.08 23.38 22.50 22.44 22.60 23.17 26.50 26.80 24.38 26.64 28.27

Shandong 20.98 21.15 20.91 20.68 20.55 21.35 23.40 24.69 24.16 25.73 26.73 28.86

Henan 20.60 20.86 20.24 19.69 20.21 21.36 22.37 23.37 24.28 25.07 26.01 28.20

Hubei 18.76 19.85 18.89 18.31 18.38 18.78 19.75 20.25 21.55 23.08 24.53 26.17

Hunan 23.88 24.92 24.48 23.91 23.70 23.61 22.40 24.54 25.54 27.94 27.33 27.57

Guangdong 24.11 25.33 24.69 24.00 24.08 24.30 25.00 25.70 25.58 26.00 27.69 29.00

Guangxi 26.45 27.85 27.00 25.60 26.32 27.00 28.00 28.47 28.53 29.03 29.21 30.18

Hainan 30.50 31.00 30.00 30.50 30.00 28.50 30.50 31.25 31.25 31.00 32.50 32.67

Chongqing 20.81 23.63 20.81 20.54 20.89 21.61 22.43 24.30 25.00 24.48 26.80 30.16

Sichuan 19.63 20.77 20.69 20.89 19.86 21.78 22.03 21.57 22.97 23.55 25.99 27.91

Guizhou 24.56 25.43 24.53 24.38 24.47 24.94 25.77 27.25 27.67 27.36 28.71 30.01

Yunnan 20.59 20.31 20.85 21.03 21.29 21.54 22.26 24.13 25.16 25.91 26.46 27.54

Tibet

Shaanxi 19.91 21.67 21.86 19.27 20.38 21.38 22.55 24.90 23.88 24.76 24.89 27.57

Gansu 15.66 16.23 17.00 18.08 18.50 19.27 20.25 20.71 21.18 23.62 24.63 25.43

Qinghai 15.78 17.20 17.15 18.44 19.67 20.13 21.13 18.28 21.00 22.14 22.38 26.13

Ningxia 18.00 19.33 20.67 20.00 21.17 20.90 20.00 23.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 28.80

Xinjiang 15.77 17.25 19.07 19.71 19.18 20.07 19.54 19.54 21.92 23.53 24.21 24.07


46


Beijing 30.34 32.60 31.75 32.39 32.52 32.50 32.27 31.50 31.25 30.84 30.60 30.92

Tianjin 31.54 31.48 31.35 31.60 32.10 32.10 32.44 33.20 32.85 32.20 31.60 32.56

Hebei 28.46 29.64 28.85 28.79 29.09 29.34 29.36 29.22 29.47 29.34 29.21 29.08

Shanxi 31.67 32.38 31.77 31.29 31.54 31.76 31.74 31.84 31.83 32.29 32.29 32.46

Inner Mongolia 26.97 28.00 27.95 27.19 27.11 27.45 27.93 28.52 28.80 28.33 27.83 27.66

Liaoning 30.70 31.21 31.17 31.37 32.29 32.13 32.08 32.13 32.25 32.32 32.33 32.28

Jilin 32.92 33.55 33.63 33.46 32.38 32.52 32.48 32.40 33.88 34.00 34.20 34.32

Heilongjiang 24.23 24.61 24.93 25.63 26.08 26.15 26.03 26.02 26.08 26.49 26.35 26.08

Shanghai 33.80 36.40 36.38 35.80 38.33 39.33 39.67 39.75 39.83 39.47 38.15 37.45

Jiangsu 29.99 34.42 31.69 30.61 30.05 29.92 30.60 29.22 28.25 30.07 31.20 32.26

Zhejiang 33.93 38.34 38.36 38.14 37.71 37.34 36.78 36.06 36.09 36.95 38.34 39.09

Anhui 30.65 32.70 31.22 30.60 29.20 29.55 29.33 28.27 29.44 31.83 32.98 32.71

Fujian 37.68 41.59 42.24 41.32 41.42 41.72 42.05 41.83 41.80 41.57 40.94 41.12

Jiangxi 29.90 31.54 32.01 32.11 32.10 32.43 32.56 32.59 32.56 33.16 32.97 33.46

Shandong 31.53 32.87 32.10 31.75 31.85 32.37 32.48 32.37 32.90 32.91 32.89 33.32

Henan 29.24 31.15 30.95 30.85 30.90 30.80 31.08 31.33 31.72 32.18 32.37 31.93

Hubei 27.38 29.61 28.55 27.84 26.73 26.32 26.29 26.71 26.96 27.05 27.56 28.67

Hunan 31.43 34.39 32.19 32.50 32.40 32.21 31.91 31.91 31.75 31.83 32.38 32.87

Guangdong 32.77 40.17 36.81 34.36 33.08 32.33 33.64 33.28 33.43 34.56 36.08 36.44

Guangxi 33.11 37.28 36.68 36.15 36.13 36.34 36.06 35.62 35.70 36.17 36.29 36.78

Hainan 34.39 39.80 39.98 40.40 39.95 41.23 40.79 40.40 40.40 40.28 40.25 40.04

Chongqing 32.30 32.07 29.83 30.71 31.09 30.88 30.52 30.50 31.64 31.89 32.66 34.12

Sichuan 29.64 30.11 29.08 29.35 29.69 30.06 30.24 29.89 31.19 31.68 32.56 33.81

Guizhou 32.96 36.48 35.74 35.67 35.49 35.57 35.92 36.15 35.92 35.64 35.58 35.74

Yunnan 28.18 29.46 30.33 31.41 31.83 32.06 32.49 33.03 34.18 34.87 35.55 35.91

Tibet

Shaanxi 31.38 33.71 32.77 33.85 33.66 33.49 33.82 33.97 34.03 33.89 33.83 33.84

Gansu 27.19 27.85 28.19 28.03 28.16 28.28 28.68 28.00 27.44 27.51 27.86 28.00

Qinghai 27.72 26.18 27.50 27.76 28.36 29.59 30.22 29.25 26.38 25.57 25.14 25.94

Ningxia 27.34 27.96 27.80 28.04 28.98 29.15 29.32 28.40 28.65 28.80 28.65 27.84

Xinjiang 27.63 30.34 29.71 30.64 32.34 31.68 28.43 26.29 29.65 32.09 31.44 30.70


Beijing 31.77 31.90 32.63 32.64 32.44 32.42 32.20 32.58 32.28 31.98 32.52 32.36

Tianjin 32.70 33.05 33.20 33.02 33.50 33.65 33.92 33.95 33.49 33.95 34.42 35.14

Hebei 29.60 29.68 29.46 29.38 29.64 29.75 29.74 29.96 29.71 29.72 29.79 30.04

Shanxi 32.50 31.70 31.54 31.46 31.30 31.03 30.38 30.71 31.63 31.98 31.97 32.68

Inner Mongolia 27.71 27.55 27.32 27.29 27.13 27.04 27.00 27.41 28.01 28.14 28.01 28.31

Liaoning 32.67 32.75 32.83 33.00 33.04 32.79 32.68 32.38 32.58 32.61 32.80 32.84

Jilin 34.90 34.89 34.67 34.62 34.53 35.08 35.36 35.33 35.22 35.22 35.25 35.29

Heilongjiang 26.48 26.37 26.05 25.99 26.26 26.18 26.24 26.10 26.40 26.56 26.81 27.43

Shanghai 38.31 36.56 35.81 35.80 35.38 35.00 35.85 36.19 37.63 37.83 38.33 39.30

Jiangsu 34.58 34.75 33.00 31.75 31.23 30.16 30.80 30.39 30.43 30.35 30.84 33.24

Zhejiang 39.39 38.96 38.21 37.87 37.56 37.81 37.44 37.72 38.08 38.63 38.87 39.31

Anhui 33.29 31.98 30.02 28.49 27.25 26.93 26.30 26.50 27.80 28.65 31.08 31.38

Fujian 41.87 41.80 40.75 40.33 40.05 39.92 39.65 39.50 39.86 39.88 40.34 40.89

Jiangxi 35.02 35.31 33.52 33.17 33.55 34.00 33.75 34.13 34.68 35.06 35.19 36.64

Shandong 34.65 34.00 33.39 33.30 33.16 33.15 33.30 33.56 33.78 34.00 34.20 34.96

Henan 31.80 31.50 31.07 30.65 30.71 30.84 31.06 31.08 31.37 31.36 31.52 31.87

Hubei 29.64 29.35 28.29 27.84 27.65 27.77 27.71 27.96 28.65 29.02 29.31 30.60

Hunan 34.15 34.60 33.76 33.12 32.50 31.99 31.98 32.21 32.30 32.73 32.99 33.69

Guangdong 36.37 35.57 33.88 33.47 32.55 32.03 32.12 31.94 31.74 33.00 34.57 36.61

Guangxi 37.68 37.78 36.96 36.25 35.89 35.80 35.58 35.37 36.08 36.92 37.98 38.87

Hainan 41.23 43.65 43.64 43.21 43.23 43.40 43.66 43.50 43.48 43.98 43.91 44.19

Chongqing 35.10 34.55 32.86 31.75 31.60 31.44 31.23 30.95 31.06 31.39 32.35 33.40

Sichuan 34.62 34.58 34.30 33.38 32.72 32.66 32.53 32.78 32.86 33.26 33.93 34.55

Guizhou 36.14 36.41 36.27 36.09 35.77 35.54 35.72 37.51 38.05 38.13 38.77 39.39

Yunnan 36.52 36.32 36.53 36.79 36.85 36.95 37.29 37.36 37.42 37.50 38.16 38.29

Tibet

Shaanxi 34.28 33.57 32.28 31.78 31.83 32.10 32.15 32.26 32.75 32.78 33.60 32.87

Gansu 28.43 27.93 27.52 27.18 27.09 27.23 27.53 27.29 27.24 27.41 27.51 27.88

Qinghai 26.34 26.87 27.13 26.86 27.89 28.59 29.10 28.10 26.68 25.61 25.90 27.44

Ningxia 28.00 27.65 27.40 26.80 26.90 27.05 27.36 27.55 27.80 27.93 27.80 27.68

Xinjiang 29.39 28.91 30.07 31.96 33.49 33.01 31.30 30.36 31.34 31.97 32.38 33.02


47


Beijing 32.60 32.65 33.29 33.15 33.22 32.96 32.85 33.25 33.40 33.23 34.47 35.98

Tianjin 35.01 35.49 34.98 35.45 35.25 36.16 36.90 37.10 36.48 36.43 37.13 39.21

Hebei 30.31 31.06 30.95 30.94 30.77 30.65 30.79 30.99 31.40 31.81 32.21 33.71

Shanxi 33.70 34.87 33.98 33.36 33.48 33.72 33.68 33.68 34.53 35.73 37.15 39.41

Inner Mongolia 28.66 29.08 29.31 29.49 29.83 30.27 30.85 31.39 32.11 32.57 33.12 34.51

Liaoning 33.21 33.72 33.31 33.09 33.48 33.75 34.27 33.94 33.81 33.97 34.23 34.78

Jilin 35.45 36.15 36.42 36.50 36.70 37.34 37.50 37.45 37.60 37.70 38.03 39.24

Heilongjiang 27.79 28.43 28.45 28.28 28.27 28.26 28.60 28.89 29.05 29.25 29.46 30.11

Shanghai 39.68 41.33 41.07 40.42 41.50 42.10 42.00 42.38 42.95 42.94 44.69 43.77

Jiangsu 35.34 36.14 33.23 32.69 31.64 31.36 30.88 30.85 32.05 33.07 35.40 39.08

Zhejiang 39.76 40.48 39.99 39.48 38.95 38.77 38.44 38.50 38.25 38.71 39.24 40.06

Anhui 31.95 33.16 31.14 29.34 29.11 29.08 29.22 29.49 30.88 32.38 34.29 36.63

Fujian 41.29 43.77 43.74 42.89 42.61 42.70 42.90 43.74 44.08 44.83 46.00 47.41

Jiangxi 35.99 36.24 35.54 35.37 34.77 34.25 33.99 34.06 34.72 35.98 36.89 38.44

Shandong 35.87 36.44 35.63 35.17 35.11 35.04 35.45 35.95 36.52 37.50 38.71 40.17

Henan 32.15 32.78 32.46 32.44 32.95 32.96 33.10 33.40 33.45 33.81 35.01 36.30

Hubei 31.61 31.83 30.44 29.23 28.29 27.86 28.46 29.21 30.73 31.65 32.75 33.74

Hunan 34.39 34.68 33.38 32.61 32.10 32.26 32.34 32.37 32.58 32.96 33.73 35.15

Guangdong 37.29 38.13 36.90 36.57 35.88 35.71 35.32 36.07 36.79 37.57 39.83 41.15

Guangxi 39.23 39.93 38.94 38.61 38.25 37.67 38.12 38.52 39.17 40.07 40.62 41.43

Hainan 44.47 46.03 45.84 45.88 46.24 46.11 46.92 47.36 47.36 47.55 48.17 49.96

Chongqing 33.38 33.96 34.16 34.14 33.74 33.34 33.18 33.21 33.23 33.33 34.20 35.21

Sichuan 34.67 35.04 34.37 34.13 33.70 33.69 33.89 34.16 34.72 35.03 35.60 37.08

Guizhou 39.44 39.72 39.51 39.34 39.15 39.25 39.54 40.16 40.47 40.49 40.42 41.08

Yunnan 38.27 38.22 38.18 38.34 38.08 38.32 38.59 38.59 39.12 39.74 40.20 40.90

Tibet

Shaanxi 33.10 33.90 33.02 33.40 34.36 34.67 34.90 35.43 35.67 35.88 36.46 37.48

Gansu 28.36 29.26 29.32 29.13 29.29 29.31 30.54 30.71 31.31 32.31 33.45 34.80

Qinghai 28.34 29.12 29.55 30.16 30.24 31.32 32.57 31.44 29.67 29.75 31.24 34.00

Ningxia 28.15 29.45 29.80 29.75 29.95 30.72 31.05 31.90 32.36 33.40 34.40 35.40

Xinjiang 34.20 36.25 37.65 38.23 38.97 38.90 38.34 38.59 39.28 39.58 40.37 40.25


Beijing 38.05 39.99 39.30 40.34 41.70 41.13 41.08 42.41 44.01 44.80 46.54 47.25

Tianjin 40.07 40.38 41.18 41.40 42.22 43.62 43.90 44.52 46.70 47.78 48.55 50.15

Hebei 35.93 37.40 36.90 36.77 37.19 37.76 38.27 39.27 40.69 41.47 41.80 42.83

Shanxi 40.94 42.01 40.66 39.88 39.77 39.89 40.09 40.81 42.43 42.97 44.25 46.63

Inner Mongolia 36.24 36.65 35.89 35.41 35.95 37.24 38.41 40.51 42.71 43.47 43.85 45.11

Liaoning 35.33 35.91 35.78 36.17 37.36 38.32 38.77 39.60 41.06 42.82 43.24 43.55

Jilin 41.83 43.68 43.22 42.19 42.17 43.24 44.59 44.92 45.58 47.23 47.11 46.95

Heilongjiang 30.73 31.52 31.78 32.09 32.49 33.87 35.33 36.27 36.98 37.32 37.58 38.68

Shanghai 47.54 49.79 50.80 50.00 50.38 51.00 51.13 51.25 51.13 52.94 54.93 55.33

Jiangsu 42.04 43.62 40.58 39.53 39.39 41.00 43.62 44.31 45.81 46.76 48.51 52.38

Zhejiang 40.75 42.61 43.00 42.86 42.59 42.96 43.09 43.20 43.71 44.49 45.79 46.63

Anhui 39.14 40.34 38.65 37.54 37.41 37.36 37.85 38.42 40.01 41.77 44.41 45.79

Fujian 49.26 52.00 51.74 51.52 51.55 52.25 52.95 53.55 54.36 55.50 56.49 58.72

Jiangxi 40.30 41.90 41.36 40.36 40.00 40.03 40.55 40.97 42.06 43.01 43.41 45.17

Shandong 42.03 43.68 42.73 42.37 42.78 43.24 44.10 44.53 45.49 46.16 47.26 49.02

Henan 38.59 40.61 39.76 39.67 40.09 40.55 41.05 41.68 43.18 44.52 46.02 47.63

Hubei 35.74 37.08 34.70 32.93 32.44 33.22 34.22 35.02 36.45 38.82 40.06 42.10

Hunan 37.18 38.79 37.23 36.54 35.93 36.05 36.82 37.61 38.09 39.03 40.06 41.46

Guangdong 43.49 44.47 42.74 41.43 40.61 41.04 42.48 42.87 43.42 46.44 48.89 50.85

Guangxi 43.38 45.16 44.96 45.67 44.90 44.93 45.50 45.82 46.71 48.02 49.18 51.27

Hainan 52.97 55.96 56.22 58.28 57.93 57.95 58.20 58.58 61.35 60.97 60.64 62.00

Chongqing 37.19 38.93 37.60 36.34 35.61 36.07 36.01 36.56 37.48 40.35 43.37 44.28

Sichuan 38.26 39.03 39.18 38.67 38.14 38.05 38.64 39.10 39.63 41.20 43.28 45.85

Guizhou 41.77 43.09 42.38 42.86 42.67 43.13 44.02 44.66 45.34 45.67 45.76 46.96

Yunnan 41.23 41.29 41.12 41.15 41.10 41.39 41.93 42.69 43.29 44.04 44.76 45.21

Tibet

Shaanxi 39.49 40.67 40.08 40.14 40.50 41.27 42.79 43.33 44.15 44.49 45.05 46.48

Gansu 36.07 37.43 37.00 36.87 36.72 38.48 39.62 40.13 40.69 41.69 42.86 44.45

Qinghai 35.10 35.69 35.51 35.55 36.74 39.63 41.10 42.90 43.44 43.12 44.13 45.82

Ningxia 37.50 38.85 36.04 35.80 36.70 37.20 37.85 38.96 40.90 42.25 43.56 44.00

Xinjiang 41.09 42.82 42.82 42.93 42.95 43.94 45.37 45.60 45.66 45.39 45.43 45.11


48

Exhibit 78: Live Chicken Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 7.07 8.50 7.20 7.33 8.00 5.70 5.80 7.37 8.00 7.10 7.05 7.08

Tianjin 6.55 5.87 5.05 5.93 5.90 5.80 5.60 5.80 5.50 5.20 5.80 6.60

Hebei 5.73 6.21 5.06 4.90 5.63 5.79 5.50 5.56 6.15 6.05 5.69 5.72

Shanxi 5.29 5.70 5.95 5.03 5.56 5.93 5.57 6.28 5.80 5.50 5.72 6.13

Inner Mongolia 7.11 7.00 6.57 7.03 6.60 7.00 6.97 7.46 7.57 6.88 6.35 6.90

Liaoning 7.15 6.94 6.49 6.58 6.78 6.67 6.53 6.75 7.04 6.59 6.29 6.79

Jilin 6.58 6.38 8.15 6.61 6.68 6.60 6.77 6.97 7.22 6.38 6.56 6.66

Heilongjiang 8.20 10.00 8.00 6.69 8.20 6.00 6.00 9.00 9.00 8.00

Shanghai 10.63 10.40 10.65 9.70 9.90 9.75 9.25 9.38 9.60 9.75 8.90

Jiangsu 5.08 5.10 6.72 6.62 6.84 6.41 5.98 6.29 8.85 6.85 6.57 6.18

Zhejiang 8.37 8.41 8.28 8.33 7.91 7.91 7.59 7.46 7.83 8.05 8.02 7.98

Anhui 7.17 8.86 8.38 7.40 8.71 8.55 7.81 7.37 7.81 8.88 8.51 8.57

Fujian 11.07 10.95 10.71 11.40 10.26 10.70 9.95 1.05 11.66 11.64 9.38 10.51

Jiangxi 13.63 13.78 12.81 13.12 13.24 13.49 13.00 13.19 13.06 12.67 12.57 13.40

Shandong 5.35 5.32 5.13 5.21 5.31 5.28 5.33 6.10 5.71 5.80 5.56 5.40

Henan 7.62 7.66 6.20 6.53 6.61 6.27 6.12 6.71 6.98 7.02 6.60 6.54

Hubei 9.62 9.34 8.59 8.47 8.77 8.77 8.53 9.02 13.04 9.35 9.14 9.41

Hunan 12.01 12.01 11.44 11.64 11.21 10.21 11.92 10.61 11.65 12.00 10.75 11.61

Guangdong 13.32 11.64 11.09 10.91 11.24 11.16 11.24 11.44 11.58 11.15 11.11 11.69

Guangxi 9.41 9.85 9.06 8.52 8.76 8.63 8.84 9.43 9.27 9.35 9.44 9.20

Hainan 12.57 14.33 11.75 11.33 11.10 10.50 10.00 11.90 11.65 11.73 10.33 11.43

Chongqing 12.43 13.23 11.66 10.67 9.74 11.69 10.20 10.64 10.99 10.86 11.53 10.71

Sichuan 13.25 14.21 12.67 11.92 11.48 11.64 11.40 11.93 12.26 12.47 12.00 12.82

Guizhou 12.75 13.71 12.00 12.46 12.31 11.78 12.46 12.73 12.91 12.91 12.29 12.70

Yunnan 14.51 13.60 13.66 13.28 12.79 11.44 12.09 12.25 12.59 12.23 12.78 12.92

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.75 8.40 8.26 7.11 7.18 7.90 7.30 7.77 8.50 8.55 8.57 8.47

Gansu 8.71 8.48 7.67 7.80 7.57 7.64 7.66 8.25 8.64 8.55 8.17 8.25

Qinghai 11.00 12.10 12.60 11.10 10.60 10.80 10.10 10.80 10.56 10.18 10.61 9.97

Ningxia 7.70 8.20 5.00 8.20 7.00 8.67 6.00 6.00 7.60 6.50 8.10

Xinjiang 7.00 8.00 8.60 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70


Beijing 7.10 7.00 8.00 5.67 7.36 6.90 7.60 8.00 7.92 7.40 8.08 8.25

Tianjin 5.25 5.49 5.67 5.65 5.80 6.05 5.93 6.47 5.85 5.60

Hebei 6.37 5.80 5.97 5.49 5.73 5.69 5.77 5.82 6.25 6.28 6.30 5.83

Shanxi 5.37 5.04 5.32 4.64 5.66 5.53 5.68 6.38 6.08 5.85 5.53 6.64

Inner Mongolia 5.92 7.13 6.82 6.32 7.03 7.14 6.54 6.66 6.75 7.34 7.57 7.32

Liaoning 6.80 6.22 6.49 6.53 6.93 6.69 6.72 7.07 7.31 6.53 7.28 7.24

Jilin 7.27 6.92 6.70 6.67 6.90 6.88 6.90 7.18 7.11 7.20 9.78 10.26

Heilongjiang 7.80 7.50 7.50 5.60 5.80 6.00 6.00 6.30 6.00 6.00

Shanghai 8.90 8.83 9.35 9.40 9.87 9.90 9.05 9.45 10.33 10.00 10.25 9.35

Jiangsu 6.13 5.96 6.43 6.63 6.46 6.94 6.38 7.09 8.00 7.35 7.18 6.59

Zhejiang 8.23 7.70 7.92 8.19 8.11 7.88 7.76 8.24 8.20 9.85 7.66 8.27

Anhui 10.04 8.90 8.56 8.68 8.58 8.14 8.64 8.20 9.64 9.07 9.16 8.86

Fujian 10.85 9.30 9.20 10.32 10.40 9.12 10.02 9.85 11.64 9.63 11.00 10.75

Jiangxi 12.40 11.86 14.73 8.26 10.15 8.48 8.12 11.88 14.67 12.06 12.28 11.00

Shandong 5.56 5.19 5.60 6.09 5.84 5.48 5.80 5.00 6.22 5.47 5.38

Henan 6.84 6.98 6.80 7.11 7.20 7.25 7.14 7.21 7.55 7.30 7.31 6.78

Hubei 8.84 8.89 8.82 9.01 8.97 8.90 8.90 8.67 9.24 8.96 9.14

Hunan 11.69 11.69 11.63 11.29 11.41 11.90 12.26 12.46 11.94 12.26 12.35 11.73

Guangdong 11.92 11.48 11.06 12.58 11.79 11.03 10.69 10.69 11.21 11.34 11.57 11.96

Guangxi 9.46 9.53 9.46 9.20 9.17 8.91 9.01 9.42 9.55 9.46

Hainan 10.60 12.33 10.33 11.40 11.00 10.31 9.20 10.95 9.85 10.23 9.96 11.13

Chongqing 10.80 12.06 10.74 10.57 10.81 11.07 10.51 11.92 11.73 11.25 11.43

Sichuan 12.54 12.62 12.01 11.70 11.80 11.62 11.66 11.74 12.10 11.91 12.06 11.84

Guizhou 12.37 11.50 11.00 11.63 12.75 12.95 13.00 12.00 12.67 12.87 12.84 12.30

Yunnan 13.12 12.19 11.99 12.33 12.43 12.13 11.63 11.28 12.54 12.59 12.64 12.24

Tibet

Shaanxi 5.90 6.80 8.16 8.02 8.24 7.76 7.68 8.60 8.24 8.75 8.65 7.80

Gansu 8.00 8.05 8.83 7.66 8.18 8.36 8.54 7.83 8.27 8.48 8.34 7.90

Qinghai 10.00 10.43 10.00 10.28 11.31 10.67 12.80 10.01 11.24 10.75 11.01

Ningxia 8.00 7.20 7.76 8.32 7.80 8.32 10.50

Xinjiang 8.60 8.26 7.96 8.56 8.41 8.29 8.67 8.00 8.14


49


Beijing 7.92 7.24 7.24 8.10 7.84 7.28 7.72 8.28 7.08 7.16 7.93 7.73

Tianjin 6.33 6.33 5.53 4.77 5.07 5.20 5.20 5.37 5.40 5.07 5.00 5.03

Hebei 5.45 5.87 6.20 5.97 5.95 5.93 5.81 5.87 6.05 5.86 6.02 5.94

Shanxi 5.61 6.77 6.03 5.98 5.84 5.95 5.87 5.89 5.85 6.07 5.95 5.85

Inner Mongolia 7.50 7.20 7.02 7.31 6.96 7.15 7.44 6.94 7.40 6.82 6.78 6.63

Liaoning 6.91 6.81 6.67 6.81 7.15 7.31 7.41 7.11 7.25 6.17 5.96 8.06

Jilin 10.84 10.84 12.30 11.86 13.36 12.66 12.54 12.24 11.74 11.64 11.34 11.12

Heilongjiang 6.20 6.00 5.90 5.40 5.60 6.14 5.32 5.61 5.88 5.62 5.78 5.69

Shanghai 9.20 10.20 9.35 10.00 9.65 9.35 9.30 9.60 9.00 8.80 9.00 9.00

Jiangsu 5.78 6.67 7.73 7.07 6.27 6.48 6.53 7.36 6.78 6.45 6.86 6.68

Zhejiang 10.64 7.87 7.68 7.90 7.39 7.31 7.72 8.22 8.08 7.97 13.00 9.46

Anhui 9.13 11.75 9.64 8.39 7.84 8.02 8.27 8.93 8.79 8.21 8.27 7.60

Fujian 10.68 11.80 11.79 11.35 10.55 10.87 9.42 10.87 11.09 12.20 11.71 12.34

Jiangxi 8.86 9.31 8.91 8.36 8.62 8.62 7.98 8.53 8.72 8.58 8.59 8.58

Shandong 5.13 6.40 5.56 5.90 5.34 5.32 4.97 5.62 5.80 5.48 5.38 5.39

Henan 7.09 7.09 6.74 6.64 6.39 6.50 6.36 6.60 6.76 6.61 6.69 6.82

Hubei 8.32 9.84 9.63 8.76 9.49 9.11 9.24 8.48 8.74 8.73 8.78 8.81

Hunan 11.59 12.59 13.28 12.28 12.27 11.86 11.87 11.68 12.44 11.72 11.92 12.29

Guangdong 12.45 14.27 12.93 12.61 11.49 11.31 10.67 10.93 11.18 11.02 11.13 11.21

Guangxi 9.21 10.16 9.79 9.98 9.69 9.11 8.63 8.99 9.29 9.18 9.11 9.46

Hainan 11.94 11.81 11.64 11.25 11.44 12.50 12.25 12.45 11.25 11.15 11.33 10.18

Chongqing 11.50 12.74 11.19 10.70 11.73 11.86 11.40 11.86 11.86 12.29 12.37 12.51

Sichuan 12.74 13.77 12.42 11.87 11.85 11.99 11.51 11.69 11.37 11.40 11.82 11.75

Guizhou 12.51 14.19 12.88 12.86 12.95 12.86 12.57 12.55 12.96 12.89 12.81 12.58

Yunnan 12.26 12.71 12.37 12.24 11.81 11.93 11.78 11.72 11.98 12.02 11.68 11.85

Tibet

Shaanxi 7.80 7.80 9.53 9.29 9.20 9.20 8.42 7.30 7.20 7.00 7.40 9.00

Gansu 8.03 8.08 8.20 7.96 8.00 8.53 8.05 8.13 8.08 8.05 7.98 8.09

Qinghai 10.94 10.91 12.36 11.66 13.14 12.56 12.54 10.83 11.51 11.23 10.89 10.99

Ningxia 6.00 10.00 9.50 7.00 6.80 6.60 8.75 10.00 7.50 10.89 4.84

Xinjiang 8.52 10.38 9.50 8.75 8.88 8.79 8.31 8.53 7.92 7.43 8.14


Beijing 7.38 6.53 6.60 6.62 6.96 7.06 6.30 6.50 6.45 6.77 6.78 6.99

Tianjin 4.63 4.70 4.69 4.90 4.76 4.91 4.80 5.33 5.53 5.53 6.07 6.27

Hebei 5.87 5.74 5.54 5.45 5.53 5.55 5.82 6.11 6.28 6.48 6.90 6.82

Shanxi 6.51 6.66 6.08 5.97 5.91 5.78 6.21 5.97 5.94 6.40 7.03 6.86

Inner Mongolia 7.13 7.13 6.43 6.91 6.81 6.80 7.17 7.20 7.04 7.09 7.86 7.53

Liaoning 9.09 9.06 9.00 8.85 9.11 10.19 10.63 10.38 10.45 10.51 10.97 10.76

Jilin 10.40 10.20 9.66 9.76 10.00 10.30 10.30 10.86 10.86 10.76 11.04 10.84

Heilongjiang 5.55 5.42 5.43 5.60 4.94 5.25 5.59 5.74 5.95 6.12 6.45 6.25

Shanghai 9.25 8.60 9.15 8.70 8.98 8.30 8.60 9.00 9.63 10.23 11.75 11.13

Jiangsu 6.69 7.08 7.05 6.81 6.55 7.59 7.33 7.78 8.19 7.13 9.08 8.00

Zhejiang 7.97 7.48 7.38 7.12 7.19 7.15 7.01 7.99 8.51 8.53 8.68 8.90

Anhui 9.28 8.98 8.80 8.73 7.94 8.21 8.64 8.98 9.39 9.35 9.58 10.98

Fujian 10.43 13.02 10.13 10.90 9.99 10.61 10.47 11.73 10.88 10.76 10.53 10.51

Jiangxi 8.52 8.63 7.32 8.45 8.13 8.13 8.32 8.50 9.03 9.11 9.42 9.67

Shandong 5.58 5.56 5.27 5.36 4.75 5.56 6.30 6.37 6.27 6.41 6.63 6.54

Henan 6.93 6.86 6.99 6.92 6.47 6.64 7.11 6.71 7.31 7.35 7.56 7.67

Hubei 9.05 9.08 8.63 8.60 7.97 8.30 8.42 8.98 9.57 9.88 9.95 9.67

Hunan 14.33 14.35 13.19 13.27 12.86 13.50 13.91 14.14 14.29 13.70 15.19 14.51

Guangdong 11.04 11.06 10.23 9.84 9.31 10.48 10.74 11.14 11.99 11.96 12.57 12.44

Guangxi 9.50 9.57 9.18 9.05 8.56 9.37 9.82 10.19 11.11 10.89 10.75 10.83

Hainan 11.84 12.06 9.43 10.70 9.03 11.50 11.38 12.25 13.25 13.65 13.63 13.13

Chongqing 11.94 11.79 11.89 11.83 11.28 11.25 11.34 9.71 11.10 11.94 12.43 11.93

Sichuan 11.75 12.13 11.49 12.06 10.81 11.07 11.11 11.22 11.43 11.77 12.18 12.54

Guizhou 13.08 13.06 12.36 12.31 11.89 12.11 12.08 12.42 12.70 12.76 12.97 13.41

Yunnan 11.94 11.76 11.54 10.76 10.58 10.79 11.04 11.18 11.91 11.59 11.93 12.19

Tibet

Shaanxi 7.00 8.00 13.00 7.80 3.60 6.00 6.60

Gansu 8.25 8.03 8.37 8.02 7.78 8.09 7.82 8.15 8.37 8.42 8.70 9.67

Qinghai 10.14 10.86 11.23 11.20 9.80 10.43 10.71 8.15 11.14 11.71 11.64 12.33

Ningxia 5.02 5.00 5.08 5.08 6.18 6.94 7.06 7.68 7.68 7.34 9.13 9.30

Xinjiang 7.60 7.80 7.15 7.36 7.50 7.91 7.78 7.75 7.90 8.00 8.58 8.44


50


Beijing 7.56 7.10 6.78 6.72 7.05 7.44 7.29 7.89 7.64 8.00 7.58 7.59

Tianjin 8.67 5.50 5.60 7.13 6.93 7.27 7.57 7.83 7.93 8.20 7.40 7.55

Hebei 6.93 6.22 6.24 6.09 6.33 6.71 7.07 7.47 7.83 7.65 7.38 7.37

Shanxi 6.74 6.39 6.06 6.73 7.05 7.18 7.33 7.80 8.32 8.03 7.69 7.76

Inner Mongolia 7.68 7.84 8.63 8.33 8.44 8.15 7.72 7.76 8.95 9.14 9.03 9.49

Liaoning 11.16 10.32 10.18 10.40 10.87 11.22 11.00 11.78 11.84 12.07 11.69 11.27

Jilin 12.24 5.68 5.60 6.02 5.84 6.32 6.41 6.88 7.49 7.15 6.65 6.84

Heilongjiang 6.99 6.18 6.40 6.46 7.13 7.26 6.82 7.05 7.43 7.26 7.01 7.23

Shanghai 11.25 12.50 13.00 13.33 13.33 13.00 12.67 12.33

Jiangsu 8.45 6.75 7.75 8.42 8.00 8.34 8.53 9.55 9.46 9.20 9.49 9.03

Zhejiang 9.55 8.53 10.20 9.63 10.61 10.67 11.24 11.12 10.93 10.95 11.20 11.45

Anhui 9.53 7.23 9.53 9.96 8.91 8.53 10.44 10.54 11.82 11.13 9.47 8.94

Fujian 11.28 10.51 9.98 10.65 10.70 10.85 11.17 11.08 11.30 11.97 11.55 11.14

Jiangxi 9.94 8.95 9.51 10.09 10.15 10.07 10.27 10.35 11.08 11.24 11.19 10.96

Shandong 6.54 6.07 6.33 6.52 6.31 6.69 7.16 7.88 7.97 7.53 6.86 6.55

Henan 7.97 5.95 6.44 7.08 7.21 7.80 8.46 8.72 8.63 8.19 7.77 7.58

Hubei 10.15 9.35 9.49 9.88 9.56 10.04 10.57 11.34 12.14 12.18 11.49 11.61

Hunan 14.77 13.07 13.10 13.97 14.33 14.39 15.33 16.62 17.04 16.41 16.29 16.51

Guangdong 12.91 9.37 10.92 11.49 12.01 12.85 13.25 13.57 14.01 13.89 13.82 13.77

Guangxi 10.95 8.97 10.22 10.50 10.99 11.98 12.71 13.02 13.95 13.81 13.36 13.12

Hainan 13.65 10.35 11.90 11.95 13.25 12.83 13.50 13.78 13.85 13.15 13.70 14.00

Chongqing 13.34 26.86 12.79 12.76 12.47 13.31 13.56 14.38 15.06 15.17 14.31 14.28

Sichuan 12.78 11.76 11.80 11.97 12.62 13.42 13.58 13.90 14.40 14.32 13.82 13.72

Guizhou 14.20 13.64 12.99 13.21 13.47 13.76 14.08 14.82 15.26 15.06 14.59 14.28

Yunnan 12.16 11.39 10.89 11.18 11.47 12.26 12.65 13.39 14.36 14.55 13.88 12.92

Tibet

Shaanxi 9.19 8.53 8.28 9.58 7.96 8.86 8.45 9.09 9.67 10.43 8.82 8.83

Gansu 9.80 8.72 8.31 9.34 9.16 9.55 9.91 10.26 11.04 10.62 10.69 10.56

Qinghai 9.30 12.33 12.00 12.00 11.57 12.43 12.71 13.00 13.21 12.89 12.94 12.43

Ningxia 7.50 5.30 5.30 7.20 7.40 8.07 8.07 8.07 8.50 8.50 6.85 6.87

Xinjiang 8.71 7.75 8.50 8.63 9.20 9.69 9.58 9.50 10.00 9.60 9.33 9.00


Beijing 7.52 7.42 7.57 7.43 8.00 7.72 8.00 7.98 8.43 7.89 8.22 7.71

Tianjin 7.30 7.40 8.10 7.28 7.63 8.15 8.00 8.25 8.45 7.25 5.67 5.80

Hebei 8.16 7.25 8.08 7.81 8.03 7.88 7.72 7.65 7.52 7.02 5.99 5.82

Shanxi 7.58 7.79 7.45 7.52 7.73 8.09 7.75 8.09 8.12 7.82 6.48 4.63

Inner Mongolia 8.64 9.13 8.13 8.33 8.19 7.97 8.15 8.23 8.33 8.91 8.29 8.16

Liaoning 11.84 13.76 12.91 12.82 13.36 13.64 13.18 13.09 12.47 12.62 9.90 10.40

Jilin 6.68 6.61 6.69 6.93 6.52 6.89 6.54 6.32 6.57 6.27 5.82 5.30

Heilongjiang 7.41 7.25 7.78 7.07 7.45 7.03 7.65 7.46 7.40 6.27 6.52 5.61

Shanghai 12.67 12.25 12.33 11.67 13.00 13.00 13.16 12.75 12.50 12.75 11.25 5.67

Jiangsu 9.22 8.39 9.70 9.54 9.93 9.20 9.20 9.06 9.43 8.25 8.01 7.65

Zhejiang 11.51 11.63 11.92 12.04 11.70 11.48 10.93 10.78 10.82 10.63 8.88 8.78

Anhui 11.75 11.97 10.87 10.22 8.67 8.80 8.90 7.82 9.55 10.74 5.61 8.42

Fujian 11.33 11.83 11.13 11.14 11.06 10.50 10.36 10.61 10.31 10.28 8.56 8.54

Jiangxi 11.13 11.69 11.63 12.20 11.14 11.08 11.01 10.26 10.61 10.56 9.33 8.58

Shandong 6.78 6.70 7.07 7.37 7.41 7.12 6.22 6.28 6.40 5.94 5.04 5.20

Henan 7.80 7.77 8.12 8.52 8.55 8.64 8.16 7.79 8.03 7.38 6.15 6.23

Hubei 11.75 12.85 11.91 11.65 11.70 12.80 12.38 12.71 12.70 12.41 10.83 9.84

Hunan 15.98 18.88 16.43 17.23 17.36 17.32 16.54 16.19 15.82 15.28 13.54 13.22

Guangdong 15.22 16.27 16.59 15.91 15.71 15.19 14.30 14.08 14.96 13.55 10.83 11.85

Guangxi 13.95 15.01 15.11 14.87 14.65 14.58 13.89 14.11 13.71 12.44 10.39 9.94

Hainan 15.50 18.00 17.00 16.75 16.35 16.00 15.25 14.00 13.75 13.35 11.63 11.68

Chongqing 14.03 14.51 13.46 13.02 13.81 14.06 13.30 13.77 13.83 13.89 13.46 13.13

Sichuan 13.81 14.61 13.79 13.41 13.43 13.57 13.30 15.12 14.31 13.57 13.03 12.44

Guizhou 14.38 15.11 14.90 14.46 13.90 14.32 14.30 14.78 14.98 14.66 14.28 12.74

Yunnan 12.80 12.89 12.17 12.59 13.11 13.26 12.99 13.06 13.52 13.28 13.14 11.56

Tibet

Shaanxi 9.10 10.91 9.51 9.08 9.27 9.80 9.60 9.29 9.32 9.18 9.20 8.00

Gansu 10.39 9.78 10.40 10.41 10.13 10.33 10.33 10.88 10.45 10.25 9.32 8.77

Qinghai 12.54 12.33 12.29 12.43 14.17 13.71 13.71 13.71 13.27 13.14 12.60 12.20

Ningxia 7.67 8.00 6.75 8.81 8.11 8.10 8.45 8.40 8.30 8.30 3.40 5.20

Xinjiang 8.76 9.20 9.83 9.94 8.88 9.28 9.63 9.23 9.28 9.17 8.58 7.82


51


Beijing 7.86 6.43 6.61 6.47 6.00 6.54 6.55 6.91 6.35 6.47 6.76 6.79

Tianjin 4.13 6.00 5.93 5.33 4.93 5.00 5.90 6.60 5.80 6.33 6.40 6.40

Hebei 7.13 6.14 5.84 6.15 6.61 5.91 6.74 6.80 6.84 7.35 7.70 7.61

Shanxi 6.70 6.68 5.32 5.80 5.58 5.90 6.01 6.48 6.37 6.97 7.01 7.82

Inner Mongolia 8.89 8.31 8.16 7.28 7.00 7.21 7.09 7.33 7.63 7.48 7.75 8.10

Liaoning 11.50 11.45 11.11 10.72 12.50 12.70 12.74 13.78 13.58 13.88 14.30 14.90

Jilin 5.75 5.79 5.84 6.02 5.64 5.50 5.91 6.32 6.47 6.64 6.82 6.81

Heilongjiang 5.78 5.95 5.82 5.90 5.88 5.85 5.72 6.38 6.65 7.04 7.02 7.39

Shanghai 8.67 10.67 9.00 10.67 10.67 10.67 10.67 12.67 12.67 13.00 13.00 13.33

Jiangsu 8.68 8.80 8.23 8.11 8.17 8.51 9.11 9.98 9.92 10.20 10.41 10.58

Zhejiang 10.05 9.96 9.53 9.86 9.73 9.95 10.57 11.68 11.90 12.99 13.50 13.53

Anhui 10.03 10.48 9.45 8.63 9.28 8.88 9.60 8.93 10.36 11.40 12.01 11.40

Fujian 9.06 8.77 9.53 8.94 9.15 9.16 8.90 10.12 9.91 10.99 11.37 11.67

Jiangxi 8.67 9.09 8.98 9.38 9.31 9.48 9.35 9.99 11.58 11.21 11.18 11.54

Shandong 5.60 5.91 5.77 5.67 5.25 5.24 6.40 6.84 7.19 6.90 7.39 7.42

Henan 6.82 6.64 6.55 6.42 6.36 6.42 7.12 8.29 8.49 8.83 8.85 9.41

Hubei 10.60 12.02 10.70 9.62 9.65 9.64 7.73 8.95 9.24 9.92 9.98 10.75

Hunan 13.59 14.79 15.01 13.88 14.74 15.18 15.13 15.45 16.10 16.63 16.77 17.02

Guangdong 13.71 12.88 11.61 11.22 12.24 12.39 13.04 13.77 14.74 15.05 14.94 15.73

Guangxi 11.89 11.09 11.18 11.48 12.37 12.62 12.53 13.48 14.14 14.37 14.71 16.04

Hainan 11.63 12.70 11.88 12.13 12.23 12.68 12.80 13.50 13.38 14.25 15.25 16.88

Chongqing 13.59 12.68 12.61 11.41 12.53 11.36 11.48 12.70 13.17 12.88 13.50 13.88

Sichuan 12.29 13.24 12.56 12.28 12.14 12.85 12.91 13.43 14.03 14.67 14.50 14.59

Guizhou 12.47 12.65 12.59 13.10 13.35 13.51 14.14 13.85 14.53 15.27 14.81 14.97

Yunnan 12.44 13.12 12.16 11.94 11.54 11.60 11.69 12.17 12.53 13.00 13.39 13.99

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.51 7.38 7.40 7.85 8.04 6.83 7.92 8.59 8.83 9.16 8.65 9.99

Gansu 9.05 9.01 8.77 8.78 8.79 8.93 9.35 9.81 10.46 10.35 10.47 10.80

Qinghai 12.20 13.00 12.43 11.74 12.86 13.57 13.17 12.49 12.50 12.36 13.00 12.80

Ningxia 5.93 6.87 7.00 8.40 7.13 8.80 9.13 9.67 9.90 8.80 9.07

Xinjiang 8.19 7.73 8.04 9.46 8.32 8.14 8.37 7.00 9.25 10.29 9.75 9.24


Beijing 7.21 7.15 6.99 7.03 7.95 8.03 8.44 8.60 8.78 8.20 8.41 9.15

Tianjin 6.60 6.43 6.20 6.87 7.47 8.93 8.68 10.53 8.70 8.50 8.07 8.10

Hebei 8.21 7.58 7.58 8.00 8.27 8.39 8.64 9.06 9.61 9.02 8.98 7.94

Shanxi 7.86 8.64 7.63 8.00 8.27 9.02 9.10 9.62 9.69 9.52 9.15 8.30

Inner Mongolia 8.95 9.15 8.57 8.57 10.03 10.63 10.67 13.00 11.90 10.93 10.73 11.38

Liaoning 14.80 18.00 16.68 15.74 18.00 19.34 18.79 19.50 20.30 19.30 18.10 18.42

Jilin 7.00 7.17 6.74 7.19 7.42 7.84 8.31 9.54 8.85 8.38 8.69 8.48

Heilongjiang 7.61 8.04 7.38 7.50 8.16 8.09 9.67 9.83 9.51 8.08 8.49 9.51

Shanghai 13.33 13.33 13.67 13.67 13.33 16.00 15.75 16.75 16.00 15.00 15.33 15.75

Jiangsu 10.50 10.93 10.81 10.73 11.28 10.89 10.62 12.23 12.45 11.72 10.82 11.09

Zhejiang 12.76 13.27 12.75 12.06 12.34 14.13 13.81 14.20 13.97 13.64 13.12 13.29

Anhui 10.34 10.04 8.80 10.95 11.40 14.52 12.27 12.04 12.18 11.04 9.64 12.43

Fujian 11.72 13.62 10.10 12.32 12.91 12.67 14.96 15.49 15.08 14.25 15.08 15.30

Jiangxi 12.11 12.68 11.69 11.38 11.88 11.83 13.04 13.19 13.25 13.68 13.94 12.78

Shandong 7.36 6.86 6.44 7.14 8.10 8.17 8.63 9.23 8.00 7.82 7.91 8.56

Henan 9.29 8.50 8.85 8.61 10.31 11.05 10.96 12.04 11.01 10.49 9.71 10.29

Hubei 11.57 11.52 11.26 11.59 11.53 12.64 12.71 13.83 13.75 13.58 14.70 14.84

Hunan 18.37 20.96 19.04 18.54 19.12 19.63 19.79 21.17 22.03 21.85 20.06 21.88

Guangdong 16.52 18.80 16.43 16.43 16.63 17.85 17.65 18.71 17.73 17.27 16.93 16.68

Guangxi 16.02 18.26 17.02 15.84 16.27 17.12 17.71 17.76 17.13 16.60 15.56 15.69

Hainan 18.30 19.25 16.80 16.63 16.75 17.75 18.38 18.20 17.25 17.00 16.25 16.60

Chongqing 14.43 16.23 14.58 14.27 15.12 15.89 16.33 18.85 19.00 18.61 18.66 18.34

Sichuan 15.44 16.05 15.70 15.06 15.48 16.48 17.80 18.33 18.87 18.83 18.99 19.06

Guizhou 16.06 17.53 16.66 16.48 16.01 16.72 16.64 18.29 19.16 18.01 16.78 17.04

Yunnan 14.30 15.10 14.64 13.56 13.93 15.12 16.05 17.21 17.84 16.74 15.68 15.43

Tibet

Shaanxi 10.52 12.53 9.95 10.64 10.13 11.15 11.94 11.76 12.60 12.13 12.24 11.39

Gansu 10.55 11.47 11.11 11.09 11.54 12.15 12.38 12.70 12.95 13.02 12.19 12.24

Qinghai 14.33 13.00 14.43 14.01 14.43 14.86 15.17 15.79 16.33 15.81 15.25 16.43

Ningxia 8.87 12.47 10.13 9.10 12.50 12.68 11.90 12.70 9.40 12.75 12.75 12.84

Xinjiang 9.17 9.58 10.90 10.82 10.75 11.33 11.81 12.96 12.73 11.90 11.19 11.47


52


Beijing 9.93 9.39

Tianjin 7.89 8.47 8.96 9.47 9.65 9.01 8.60 8.89 8.99 8.63 7.52 7.12

Hebei 9.45 10.10 10.41 10.87 10.90 10.49 10.12 10.24 10.56 10.27 9.61 9.30

Shanxi 8.29 8.76 9.33 10.66 10.82 10.63 10.53 10.73 10.98 10.38 10.30 9.83

Inner Mongolia 14.17 14.87 14.75 14.53 14.68 14.99 14.75 14.47 14.55 14.27 13.84 13.61

Liaoning 18.31 17.45 16.86 16.68 17.17 17.47 17.51 17.47 17.81 18.02 18.10 17.39

Jilin 9.29 9.76 9.72 10.22 10.12 8.87 8.55 9.00 9.07 8.71 8.14 8.38

Heilongjiang 12.49 12.95 12.94 13.47 13.73 13.46 13.48 13.86 13.78 13.70 13.01 12.97

Shanghai 16.46 17.70 17.10 17.64 17.00 16.30 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.02 15.43 15.34

Jiangsu 11.33 12.70 12.95 13.38 12.81 11.71 11.86 12.28 12.40 12.55 11.43 11.21

Zhejiang 13.67 15.13 14.61 14.99 14.58 13.87 13.56 13.76 13.90 14.21 13.75 13.95

Anhui 13.13 13.74 13.27 13.57 12.98 12.62 12.43 12.68 13.28 13.33 13.20 12.83

Fujian 14.85 15.60 14.87 15.19 14.71 13.96 13.10 13.16 13.20 13.61 13.79 13.68

Jiangxi 13.42 13.43 13.48 13.47 13.23 13.14 12.92 12.88 13.11 13.51 13.99 14.53

Shandong 9.16 9.39 9.87 10.57 9.94 8.43 8.36 8.66 9.06 9.03 7.89 7.61

Henan 10.81 11.58 11.83 12.58 12.01 11.16 10.73 10.79 11.28 11.40 11.08 10.49

Hubei 14.77 14.86 13.95 13.53 12.86 12.65 12.85 12.85 13.24 13.10 12.42 12.18

Hunan 21.84 23.46 21.91 21.98 22.35 22.14 22.14 21.98 22.32 21.54 21.49 21.59

Guangdong 17.15 18.83 17.31 17.76 17.56 17.21 16.27 15.87 16.12 15.78 15.96 16.81

Guangxi 16.17 18.34 17.06 17.74 17.90 17.65 16.69 16.22 16.01 15.80 15.83 16.46

Hainan 16.95 20.91 18.40 17.77 17.82 18.51 18.47 17.93 17.36 17.22 17.99 18.38

Chongqing 16.53 15.82 14.24 14.37 14.35 14.31 14.38 14.68 15.57 15.69 14.91 15.33

Sichuan 19.52 19.46 18.72 18.26 18.04 17.69 17.38 17.83 18.15 18.48 18.53 18.68

Guizhou 18.13 19.55 17.39 16.63 16.51 17.10 16.67 16.77 17.04 17.29 17.01 16.69

Yunnan 14.06 14.21 13.57 14.34 14.80 14.69 14.16 13.83 14.02 14.07 14.48 14.22

Tibet

Shaanxi 12.46 13.16 12.15 13.00 13.11 13.21 12.42 12.32 12.73 12.23 11.49 11.41

Gansu 12.41 13.16 12.94 13.26 13.39 13.13 13.51 13.69 13.57 12.98 12.75 13.01

Qinghai 15.87 16.92 14.42 15.50 16.27 16.07 16.23 16.25 16.14 16.35 16.50 15.95

Ningxia 10.92 11.81 10.78 11.16 11.43 11.31 12.40 12.62 12.72 13.08 13.23 12.50

Xinjiang 12.21 12.67 12.82 13.76 14.13 13.61 12.66 11.87 12.01 12.34 12.99 13.21


Beijing

Tianjin 6.99 7.02 7.54 8.22 8.24 7.69 7.46 8.16 8.03 7.24 7.21 7.77

Hebei 9.27 9.28 9.46 9.60 9.43 9.48 9.28 9.45 9.58 9.25 9.03 9.25

Shanxi 9.99 9.98 9.89 10.19 10.45 10.41 10.25 10.45 10.24 9.60 8.98 8.96

Inner Mongolia 13.89 13.95 13.74 13.86 13.78 13.78 13.65 13.69 13.88 13.77 13.80 13.92

Liaoning 17.50 17.75 17.56 17.95 17.94 18.04 17.98 17.97 18.28 18.32 18.34 18.35

Jilin 8.45 8.28 8.79 8.76 8.78 8.75 8.68 8.95 9.23 9.03 8.76 8.76

Heilongjiang 13.47 13.27 12.90 12.98 12.93 12.45 12.25 12.34 12.67 12.79 12.86 13.21

Shanghai 15.30 14.54 14.53 14.34 13.25 13.06 13.78 14.65 14.84 14.66 14.60 14.54

Jiangsu 11.77 11.49 11.69 11.36 11.58 10.98 10.60 11.62 12.03 11.54 11.39 11.71

Zhejiang 14.36 14.41 14.37 14.08 14.01 13.79 13.58 13.86 14.18 14.39 14.26 14.43

Anhui 13.12 12.16 12.04 12.23 11.92 11.09 11.26 11.87 12.21 12.23 12.19 12.67

Fujian 13.74 13.38 12.76 12.69 12.52 12.40 12.70 13.58 14.06 13.83 13.53 13.63

Jiangxi 15.37 15.49 15.00 14.97 15.03 15.03 15.07 15.24 15.67 15.94 15.92 16.08

Shandong 7.82 7.88 8.26 8.10 7.84 7.35 7.57 8.34 8.40 7.83 7.90 8.28

Henan 10.44 10.43 10.54 10.50 10.54 10.37 10.20 10.81 11.10 10.80 10.72 10.93

Hubei 12.77 12.34 11.87 11.87 11.80 11.76 11.76 12.28 12.70 12.49 12.47 12.89

Hunan 22.46 22.60 21.81 21.48 21.33 21.66 21.70 21.85 22.26 22.37 22.28 22.45

Guangdong 18.08 17.90 17.16 17.07 16.76 16.45 15.55 15.75 16.14 16.28 16.28 16.52

Guangxi 17.19 17.22 16.56 16.20 16.04 15.78 15.33 15.41 16.03 15.99 15.83 16.10

Hainan 20.33 20.44 19.31 19.06 19.32 19.40 19.05 19.10 19.27 18.21 17.98 17.98

Chongqing 15.86 15.96 15.05 14.27 14.17 14.53 14.92 15.89 17.22 14.90 14.02 13.64

Sichuan 19.38 19.22 18.38 17.60 17.39 17.46 17.44 17.88 17.93 17.91 18.07 18.60

Guizhou 17.24 16.98 16.54 16.28 15.84 15.76 15.72 16.16 16.74 16.88 16.54 15.09

Yunnan 14.19 13.74 13.55 13.79 13.73 13.51 13.13 13.36 14.00 14.03 13.81 14.00

Tibet

Shaanxi 12.04 11.71 11.74 11.71 11.63 11.34 11.05 11.53 11.93 12.04 12.04 12.30

Gansu 13.63 13.15 12.92 12.76 12.73 13.00 13.39 13.69 13.99 14.10 14.01 13.83

Qinghai 16.90 16.83 16.63 15.58 15.30 15.10 14.80 14.65 14.26 14.42 14.42 14.92

Ningxia 12.27 11.67 12.17 12.70 12.54 12.85 12.22 12.50 12.95 12.52 12.02 12.22

Xinjiang 12.60 12.01 11.56 11.83 12.20 12.42 12.29 12.50 13.27 12.89 12.90 12.35


53


Beijing

Tianjin 7.56 7.70 7.96 7.83 7.45 7.41 8.08 8.59 8.72 8.30 9.02 9.30

Hebei 9.53 9.71 9.44 9.40 9.43 9.35 9.51 10.02 10.14 9.93 10.40 10.93

Shanxi 8.94 9.36 9.21 9.26 9.56 9.65 9.75 10.07 10.39 10.55 10.97 11.44

Inner Mongolia 14.20 14.40 14.03 13.83 13.97 13.86 13.93 14.29 14.67 14.55 14.76 15.49

Liaoning 18.40 19.04 19.42 18.92 18.63 18.78 19.01 19.43 19.63 19.48 20.17 20.62

Jilin 8.81 8.69 8.82 8.77 8.74 8.76 9.13 9.48 9.56 9.16 9.78 10.23

Heilongjiang 13.69 13.81 13.38 13.18 13.20 13.18 12.82 12.82 12.85 12.97 13.07 12.93

Shanghai 14.38 14.79 14.58 13.93 13.63 13.86 14.51 15.80 16.49 16.46 16.72 16.74

Jiangsu 12.50 13.50 12.42 12.19 12.13 12.06 13.10 13.77 14.84 13.88 14.53 15.10

Zhejiang 14.67 14.73 14.52 14.35 14.05 14.30 14.60 14.90 15.39 15.78 16.02 16.05

Anhui 12.90 13.28 12.78 12.13 11.73 12.01 12.74 13.26 13.55 13.24 14.14 14.84

Fujian 13.73 14.20 13.71 13.66 13.43 13.43 14.12 15.10 15.31 15.56 15.79 15.74

Jiangxi 16.43 16.54 15.69 15.48 15.30 15.58 15.62 15.91 16.90 17.64 18.42 18.76

Shandong 8.42 8.50 8.34 8.13 7.80 7.54 8.64 8.97 8.83 8.61 9.51 9.59

Henan 11.06 11.34 10.97 10.57 10.31 10.24 10.84 11.44 11.73 11.38 11.86 12.42

Hubei 12.97 13.36 12.89 12.71 12.92 12.78 12.78 12.87 13.26 13.68 14.23 14.87

Hunan 22.60 22.87 21.86 21.42 21.42 21.65 21.93 22.07 23.02 23.67 23.85 24.09

Guangdong 16.86 17.29 16.46 16.04 16.15 16.46 16.99 18.01 19.22 19.82 20.25 20.07

Guangxi 16.31 17.12 16.22 15.76 15.80 16.30 17.05 17.95 18.67 19.30 19.40 19.37

Hainan 18.30 18.99 17.43 16.95 16.92 17.30 17.93 19.04 19.87 21.31 21.63 21.68

Chongqing 13.56 13.64 13.37 13.02 13.13 13.27 13.37 13.87 14.92 15.50 15.82 16.06

Sichuan 18.57 18.88 18.27 17.59 17.76 17.94 18.13 18.75 19.95 20.49 21.08 22.04

Guizhou 14.82 15.08 14.85 14.53 14.22 14.31 14.39 15.22 16.12 16.25 16.54 16.66

Yunnan 14.16 14.40 13.67 13.52 13.37 13.40 13.68 14.48 15.40 15.93 16.05 16.80

Tibet

Shaanxi 12.61 12.98 11.92 11.76 11.80 11.66 11.73 12.28 12.92 12.96 13.05 13.61

Gansu 13.92 14.18 13.74 13.61 13.71 13.91 14.37 14.81 15.47 15.99 16.29 16.53

Qinghai 17.46 17.67 17.82 17.81 17.82 17.81 17.90 18.10 18.40 18.28 18.27 18.38

Ningxia 12.27 12.55 12.37 11.95 12.42 12.14 12.63 13.40 13.88 13.00 12.81 13.12

Xinjiang 11.66 11.84 12.02 12.74 12.87 12.71 13.38 14.01 14.84 14.94 14.75 14.59


Beijing

Tianjin 9.63 9.54 9.00 8.67 9.44 9.86 10.14 10.49 10.25 9.04 8.96 9.50

Hebei 11.02 11.22 10.73 10.92 11.19 11.78 12.23 12.85 13.08 12.62 12.17 12.17

Shanxi 11.57 11.71 11.49 11.38 11.49 11.90 12.37 12.55 12.57 12.35 12.00 11.71

Inner Mongolia 16.11 16.70 16.39 16.33 16.42 16.70 16.89 17.19 18.01 18.05 17.70 17.45

Liaoning 21.51 22.57 22.45 22.23 22.48 23.57 23.75 23.85 24.54 24.50 24.34 24.66

Jilin 10.70 10.56 10.21 10.42 10.83 11.23 11.70 12.59 12.88 12.54 13.01 13.38

Heilongjiang 13.16 13.29 12.96 12.96 13.17 13.54 13.43 13.65 13.71 13.34 12.98 12.93

Shanghai 16.78 17.33 16.70 17.18 17.18 17.24 17.49 18.03 18.55 17.35 16.45 16.40

Jiangsu 15.82 16.48 15.38 15.46 15.83 16.44 16.97 17.37 17.36 16.84 16.10 15.79

Zhejiang 15.82 16.20 16.16 15.85 15.66 16.18 16.64 17.11 17.34 17.11 16.70 16.53

Anhui 15.35 15.46 14.69 14.31 14.08 14.51 15.22 16.16 16.46 15.35 15.25 15.19

Fujian 15.55 16.16 15.85 16.29 16.57 16.68 16.90 17.04 17.09 16.87 16.70 16.60

Jiangxi 18.58 19.52 19.40 19.30 19.33 19.87 20.35 20.45 20.55 20.64 20.22 20.19

Shandong 9.82 9.52 9.53 9.75 9.94 10.43 10.80 11.10 10.85 9.70 9.87 10.07

Henan 12.66 12.97 12.37 12.32 12.28 12.61 13.12 13.61 13.69 13.00 12.49 12.41

Hubei 15.08 15.80 15.26 15.17 15.47 15.76 15.89 16.24 16.70 16.91 16.39 16.42

Hunan 23.85 24.79 23.98 24.02 24.42 25.37 25.82 26.11 26.42 26.31 25.81 25.53

Guangdong 20.54 21.49 20.83 20.64 20.63 21.56 22.26 22.01 21.84 21.35 20.26 19.82

Guangxi 19.89 20.98 20.22 20.27 20.56 21.42 22.01 21.94 22.18 22.16 21.18 20.96

Hainan 22.01 23.56 22.14 21.86 22.36 23.03 23.94 23.68 23.93 23.98 22.78 22.83

Chongqing 16.76 18.74 17.48 17.37 17.25 17.95 18.83 19.86 20.39 20.43 19.75 19.59

Sichuan 23.50 24.53 23.75 23.65 23.31 23.37 24.09 25.05 25.25 25.39 24.79 24.63

Guizhou 17.15 18.01 17.24 17.64 17.30 17.35 18.02 18.54 18.78 18.76 18.58 18.18

Yunnan 16.76 17.09 16.22 16.66 16.86 17.61 18.10 18.73 19.07 19.25 18.77 17.98

Tibet

Shaanxi 14.12 14.28 13.65 13.37 13.36 14.00 14.33 14.79 15.24 14.76 14.28 14.30

Gansu 16.83 17.60 16.99 16.27 16.25 16.75 17.09 17.50 18.00 18.04 17.91 17.58

Qinghai 17.19 17.50 17.25 17.44 17.41 18.31 20.00 19.95 20.25 20.20 20.14 20.49

Ningxia 14.12 14.53 14.17 13.80 13.91 14.64 15.60 16.43 16.81 16.55 15.76 15.09

Xinjiang 14.39 15.06 14.73 15.10 14.95 15.13 15.98 17.29 17.47 16.66 15.50 15.06


54

Exhibit 90: Broiler Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 10.07 11.00 9.53 9.50 11.00 8.70 8.65 10.27 10.05 9.90 10.35 10.40

Tianjin 10.00 10.00 8.00 10.00 9.70 9.30 9.30 10.00 9.50 10.20 9.30 9.30

Hebei 8.62 10.52 7.60 7.96 7.94 8.41 8.46 8.12 8.71 8.77 8.20 8.51

Shanxi 9.30 5.00 8.20 6.40 7.00 6.93 6.40 8.10 7.70 7.70 8.20 7.80

Inner Mongolia 8.67 8.88 8.04 8.79 8.57 8.74 8.60 8.74 8.89 8.85 8.62 8.72

Liaoning 7.30 7.38 6.72 6.60 7.13 7.14 7.04 7.12 7.52 6.68 7.75 7.61

Jilin 7.52 7.68 7.28 7.43 7.43 7.43 7.17 7.53 7.57 7.49 7.39 7.51

Heilongjiang 8.50 10.00 8.40 7.02 8.80 7.00 7.50 10.00 10.00 10.00

Shanghai 10.00 10.25 10.25 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50

Jiangsu 6.32 7.60 7.47 7.30 7.23 7.00 6.80 7.45 8.17 8.17 8.74 7.66

Zhejiang 10.78 10.27 9.49 9.62 9.23 9.12 9.80 9.85 9.64 9.38 9.86 9.42

Anhui 8.60 8.22 7.25 7.24 8.27 7.45 6.90 7.20 8.02 8.12 8.44 7.53

Fujian 14.13 15.32 14.00 14.43 12.67 13.40 12.50 12.64 13.78 12.75 13.75 13.75

Jiangxi 9.31 9.38 8.99 9.02 8.88 8.73 8.77 8.93 8.72 8.78 8.74 8.70

Shandong 8.73 8.36 8.87 8.38 8.43 8.00 8.58 8.00 8.66 8.78 8.86 8.72

Henan 7.80 7.93 6.89 7.14 7.48 6.77 7.54 8.86 7.37 7.30 7.20 6.80

Hubei 10.56 10.33 9.93 9.64 9.59 9.68 9.69 9.68 9.78 9.88 9.81 11.21

Hunan 10.88 10.88 9.94 10.30 10.03 9.30 9.24 10.01 10.50 9.40 9.00 9.63

Guangdong 13.30 12.55 11.40 12.65 13.40 13.50 13.33 13.33 13.33

Guangxi 11.33 11.70 10.99 10.88 10.69 10.64 10.69 10.86 10.91 10.75 10.94 10.81

Hainan 12.87 13.87 13.30 11.63 11.60 10.00 9.99 11.53 12.50 12.23 10.53 11.85

Chongqing 14.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 8.00 9.00 13.00 14.00 12.00 11.00 11.00 12.00

Sichuan 13.13 11.50 11.00 11.67 11.75 12.33 10.51 14.00 12.32 9.95 11.95 9.20

Guizhou 10.00 12.00 11.00 10.12 10.25 11.00 11.30 11.75 12.00 11.40 11.00

Yunnan 15.38 14.68 14.73 14.90 14.06 11.74 13.41 13.25 13.25 10.88 13.07 13.19

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.67 9.00 9.06 10.00 9.67 8.30 11.00 10.00 9.00 9.33 11.00 10.25

Gansu 9.87 9.49 9.20 8.59 8.23 9.10 8.65 9.12 9.37 9.33 9.43 9.43

Qinghai 12.00 11.94 11.65 10.82 11.07 10.40 9.70 9.56 9.27 10.33 10.48 9.88

Ningxia 13.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 13.00 11.00 11.00

Xinjiang 8.50 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00


Beijing 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 10.52 9.70 11.00 11.00 10.76 10.76 10.72 11.25

Tianjin 8.40 9.05 9.30 8.73 8.40 8.53 9.30 8.40 9.30 9.30

Hebei 8.48 7.99 8.20 8.12 8.08 8.00 7.94 8.69 9.16 9.52 8.99 8.51

Shanxi 8.55 10.40 9.20 9.30 11.00 8.40 8.40 7.63 7.25 7.57 8.40

Inner Mongolia 9.17 8.56 8.38 8.78 9.65 8.58 8.54 8.37 8.83 9.23 8.89 8.50

Liaoning 7.55 7.36 7.42 7.55 7.63 7.66 7.29 7.45 7.67 8.31 7.70 7.82

Jilin 7.57 7.63 7.51 7.51 7.69 7.61 7.43 7.54 7.74 7.75 7.54 7.33

Heilongjiang 8.50 8.50 13.00 7.80 8.00 8.50 8.50 8.50 6.80 7.00

Shanghai 10.00 10.40 10.50 11.00 11.00 11.50 9.00 11.00 11.30 11.40 11.40 10.50

Jiangsu 7.66 7.87 7.57 8.13 7.91 7.08 7.73 9.48 8.45 8.58 8.52 7.55

Zhejiang 8.80 9.64 9.34 9.32 9.43 8.93 9.10 9.95 9.71 9.88 9.90 9.55

Anhui 8.57 7.83 8.17 7.76 7.27 6.97 7.85 7.74 7.94 7.97 6.80 7.30

Fujian 14.33 14.33 12.67 13.13 14.50 11.00 10.85 11.35 11.25 10.75 12.93 13.53

Jiangxi 8.87 8.84 9.15 8.88 8.95 8.85 8.69 8.93 8.95 9.02 8.89 9.18

Shandong 8.75 8.78 8.93 9.00 9.20 8.86 8.63 8.30 8.00 9.33 9.02 9.03

Henan 7.03 7.04 7.25 7.60 7.36 7.00 7.42 7.37 7.31 7.35 7.05 7.46

Hubei 9.88 9.96 9.45 9.45 9.46 9.69 9.97 9.85 10.04 9.83 10.40

Hunan 10.23 10.38 10.23 9.00 9.18 9.10 9.55 10.18 10.60 10.02 9.38 9.64

Guangdong

Guangxi 10.20 9.88 10.38 10.78 10.78 10.67 10.91 10.53 10.59 10.91 10.58 11.08

Hainan 10.40 11.73 10.83 11.00 12.06 10.00 9.75 11.30 10.50 11.00 11.13 11.00

Chongqing 14.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 14.00 13.00 11.00 11.00

Sichuan 12.17 12.33 11.30 12.67 11.43 12.67 11.20 11.38 10.78 9.00 9.00

Guizhou 11.67 14.00 10.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 12.50 12.00

Yunnan 13.50 11.97 11.82 11.81 11.95 11.69 11.33 12.42 11.99 11.73 11.76 11.67

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.00 8.80 8.40 8.40 8.00 8.70 8.70 8.70 10.00 9.00 8.90 8.90

Gansu 9.24 9.17 9.14 8.97 9.33 9.31 9.26 9.26 9.83 9.68 9.33 9.20

Qinghai 11.60 10.52 10.40 10.40 10.40 9.96 10.76 10.67 10.83 11.42 11.17

Ningxia 9.00 11.00 11.00 11.25 11.00 11.25 12.00

Xinjiang 10.00 9.73 10.21 9.93 9.94 10.75 11.00 11.00 10.33


55


Beijing 10.72 10.64 10.36 9.56 9.44 9.72 9.48 9.86 9.38 9.58 10.39 9.68

Tianjin 8.40 8.40 9.30 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.30 7.80 9.30 9.30 9.30 9.80

Hebei 8.04 7.75 7.79 8.07 8.60 8.38 8.44 8.21 8.49 8.50 8.69 8.42

Shanxi 8.00 11.00 7.42 8.23 7.10 7.30 8.40 6.27 6.27 6.95 6.95 8.40

Inner Mongolia 8.35 8.90 8.89 8.77 8.30 8.66 8.67 9.12 8.54 8.77 8.36 8.88

Liaoning 8.08 7.83 7.42 7.59 7.40 7.59 7.60 7.64 7.80 7.78 7.71 7.70

Jilin 7.41 7.41 6.93 7.29 7.11 7.35 7.03 7.79 7.81 7.13 6.99 6.83

Heilongjiang 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.80 7.21 7.93 7.32 7.61 7.64 7.59 7.48 7.37

Shanghai 13.50 10.50 11.00 10.00 10.35 10.15 10.33 9.45 10.00 10.33 10.60 10.53

Jiangsu 7.36 8.50 7.19 8.90 7.46 7.36 7.39 8.12 7.71 7.30 7.44 7.24

Zhejiang 9.16 11.10 10.48 8.55 8.26 8.58 8.87 8.97 8.92 8.60 9.60 8.72

Anhui 8.80 7.05 7.43 7.47 7.56 7.70 7.64 7.79 7.79 7.80 7.80 8.23

Fujian 12.30 10.10 14.52 11.95 13.60 13.26 13.20 11.28 11.78 11.31 12.08 12.53

Jiangxi 8.61 9.34 8.75 9.33 9.08 8.32 8.70 9.45 8.75 8.83 8.40 8.60

Shandong 9.08 10.00 9.42 8.67 8.97 8.78 8.45 9.68 9.20 9.13 9.28 9.01

Henan 7.09 7.64 7.30 7.04 7.27 7.28 7.14 7.44 7.79 7.63 7.53 7.44

Hubei 10.74 10.95 10.39 9.84 10.37 9.88 10.17 9.84 10.05 9.92 9.93 10.17

Hunan 9.74 10.64 9.93 10.29 10.25 9.78 9.92 9.68 10.18 10.43 10.60 10.14

Guangdong 10.00 11.00 22.00 21.00 20.00 20.00 0.00

Guangxi 10.96 11.48 11.16 11.48 11.44 10.61 11.20 10.86 11.09 11.43 11.31 10.98

Hainan 10.15 11.38 10.25 10.25 10.00 10.25 10.25 10.25 10.25 10.25 10.50 12.00

Chongqing 11.00 9.20 9.00 9.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 9.60 9.20

Sichuan 13.00 13.33 9.87 10.83 11.75 11.30 12.00 13.00 12.25 11.85 11.90

Guizhou 11.46 11.70 10.60 11.32 11.60 10.28 10.97 11.20 11.40 10.60 11.58 12.18

Yunnan 11.66 12.14 11.98 12.74 12.76 12.64 12.25 12.17 12.79 12.80 12.55 12.49

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.90 8.70 8.80 9.22 8.20 8.15 7.99 8.18 7.98 8.40 7.80

Gansu 9.08 9.38 9.27 9.21 9.33 9.74 9.04 9.04 9.33 9.46 9.53 9.51

Qinghai 11.22 11.12 12.40 11.72 11.13 11.68 11.40 11.27 11.20 10.60 10.80 11.20

Ningxia 9.60 8.80 9.30 10.80 6.44

Xinjiang 11.10 10.38 10.40 9.80 10.67 9.60 10.57 11.60 9.83 10.46 10.11


Beijing 9.70 9.26 9.14 9.30 10.70 10.18 10.43 10.35 10.00 10.53 10.28 10.23

Tianjin 9.80 8.53 8.87 8.53 8.53 8.53 9.67 9.67 9.67 9.67 9.67 9.67

Hebei 8.36 8.68 8.32 8.06 8.51 7.72 8.17 8.11 8.24 8.61 8.95 9.05

Shanxi 6.47 6.40 6.33 6.33 6.10 5.90 6.03 6.03 6.40 6.60 7.10 8.17

Inner Mongolia 8.28 7.79 7.74 7.85 8.19 7.85 8.15 8.28 8.58 8.33 8.95 8.69

Liaoning 7.44 7.35 7.23 7.05 6.94 6.81 7.17 7.36 7.74 7.96 8.16 8.55

Jilin 7.03 7.08 6.96 7.35 7.16 6.32 7.20 6.93 7.09 7.17 7.53 7.57

Heilongjiang 7.42 7.24 7.22 7.32 6.78 6.96 7.17 7.35 7.73 7.68 7.74 8.08

Shanghai 10.50 9.50 10.50 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.33 10.00 10.00 11.00 11.67 11.33

Jiangsu 7.43 7.63 7.40 7.23 7.10 7.77 7.70 8.11 8.43 8.16 9.86 8.42

Zhejiang 8.77 8.19 8.02 8.23 8.20 8.55 8.23 9.12 9.35 9.25 9.98 9.96

Anhui 8.00 7.95 7.48 7.85 7.16 7.27 7.46 7.41 7.44 7.78 8.22 8.08

Fujian 13.00 12.53 11.80 12.50 12.00 13.00 11.80 11.88 12.65 14.67 14.00 14.00

Jiangxi 8.54 8.52 8.49 8.75 8.34 8.14 8.17 9.29 9.11 9.07 9.82 9.42

Shandong 9.20 8.42 8.78 8.77 8.12 8.40 8.95 8.95 9.46 9.79 9.88 9.35

Henan 7.57 7.21 7.40 7.32 6.96 7.43 7.71 8.03 8.28 8.42 8.93 8.22

Hubei 9.83 10.01 9.56 9.66 9.72 9.53 9.59 9.69 10.08 10.29 10.44 10.41

Hunan 11.20 11.83 10.65 10.60 10.18 10.90 11.13 11.85 11.46 10.25 11.41 11.20

Guangdong 0.00

Guangxi 11.18 11.33 11.01 10.86 10.38 10.79 11.24 11.84 12.19 12.18 12.38 12.47

Hainan 10.50 10.75 9.38 10.13 9.00 10.50 10.75 12.00 14.00 13.83 13.50 13.50

Chongqing 10.00 10.00 12.30 6.80 11.32 11.70 10.60 10.50 10.70 10.70 11.20 11.50

Sichuan 13.20 11.67 11.90 10.79 9.17 9.33 9.73 9.83 11.50 10.12 10.47 11.88

Guizhou 11.64 10.63 10.60 11.36 11.29 10.43 10.64 10.50 11.34 11.31 11.81 12.11

Yunnan 12.90 12.38 12.36 11.84 11.73 11.50 11.63 11.85 11.21 10.97 11.51 11.38

Tibet

Shaanxi 7.62 9.00 8.50 5.00 7.00 7.50

Gansu 9.48 11.10 9.98 9.60 9.50 9.79 9.32 9.65 8.84 9.15 8.90 9.91

Qinghai 11.63 10.40 10.33 10.42 8.50 10.67 10.50 9.65 10.67 10.80 10.58 9.33

Ningxia 6.40 6.40 6.20 6.10 7.80 7.75 7.75 9.15 9.15 8.35 9.20 9.20

Xinjiang 9.79 10.88 10.16 9.63 10.00 9.56 10.50 9.27 9.22 10.00 9.96 9.90


56


Beijing 10.83 9.40 10.00 10.02 9.96 10.72 11.39 11.42 10.65 10.27 11.46 10.97

Tianjin 9.00 9.33 11.00 8.50 8.50 9.00 10.67 11.33 11.33 11.33 11.33 10.67

Hebei 9.28 8.51 8.32 8.71 8.90 9.05 97.07 9.83 9.77 9.93 9.86 9.66

Shanxi 8.00 6.50 5.75 6.50 7.20 7.80 7.80 7.80 11.00 11.00 10.00 9.00

Inner Mongolia 9.48 8.82 9.59 8.92 9.03 9.63 9.52 9.12 9.95 10.42 10.32 10.34

Liaoning 8.51 7.75 7.95 8.20 8.42 8.63 8.74 9.38 9.50 9.57 9.03 8.85

Jilin 7.73 7.66 7.39 7.67 7.64 8.22 8.40 8.90 9.86 9.30 9.04 9.05

Heilongjiang 8.40 7.57 7.58 7.86 8.73 8.61 8.44 8.96 9.70 9.34 8.86 8.98

Shanghai 11.00 11.00 11.00 12.50 11.50 11.67 12.67 12.33 12.67 12.00 12.00

Jiangsu 8.74 7.73 8.77 8.98 8.79 9.26 9.53 10.16 10.03 10.13 10.13 9.68

Zhejiang 10.30 8.40 9.29 10.98 9.60 9.92 10.70 11.55 11.60 11.15 11.32 10.86

Anhui 8.65 6.33 8.05 8.96 8.04 8.24 8.68 8.60 11.47 10.54 8.65 9.50

Fujian 14.50 13.50 13.13 13.73 14.00 12.60 16.30 14.43 14.13 15.00 13.67 14.70

Jiangxi 10.37 10.33 9.10 9.70 9.95 9.74 10.48 10.61 11.30 10.94 10.84 10.44

Shandong 10.05 9.04 9.12 9.57 9.33 9.64 10.23 10.53 10.67 10.49 10.04 9.75

Henan 9.27 7.43 7.71 8.36 8.74 9.38 9.77 10.14 10.32 10.06 9.18 8.99

Hubei 10.83 10.25 10.23 10.71 10.78 10.25 11.07 11.45 12.55 12.49 12.07 11.87

Hunan 9.90 11.50 9.93 11.26 11.66 11.50 10.32 12.36 12.28 13.22 12.63 12.80

Guangdong 22.72

Guangxi 12.60 10.66 12.06 11.89 12.07 12.67 13.31 13.84 14.53 14.37 13.71 13.44

Hainan 12.75 10.00 11.25 11.75 13.25 13.00 12.75 13.25 13.00 12.60 13.15 13.50

Chongqing 11.00 9.50 12.00 10.50 11.20 12.00 12.33 11.67 13.13 13.33 13.00 12.53

Sichuan 11.87 12.00 11.30 12.47 11.13 9.30 11.73 14.50 12.38 13.35 12.50 15.17

Guizhou 12.13 11.69 11.86 12.14 12.14 12.21 12.71 13.21 13.71 13.86 13.71 13.36

Yunnan 11.30 10.24 10.23 11.44 11.16 11.43 11.33 11.72 12.47 12.61 12.31 12.17

Tibet

Shaanxi 10.41 9.29 9.88 11.77 9.11 9.16 8.81 10.51 11.55 12.03 11.53 11.31

Gansu 9.91 9.37 8.97 9.98 9.82 10.75 10.44 11.44 11.54 10.58 11.64 11.63

Qinghai 10.53 9.83 11.92 9.86 13.17 12.37 12.80 12.13 13.60 14.20 13.60

Ningxia 9.00 6.00 6.00 5.50 5.50 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.80 9.80 10.00 10.00

Xinjiang 10.25 9.67 10.00 10.75 10.38 11.40 10.50 11.00 8.50 11.33 10.64 9.83


Beijing 11.96 11.97 11.17 11.18 10.23 11.26 11.17 11.25 11.96 11.20 10.91 10.91

Tianjin 10.67 11.33 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.00 8.67 7.60

Hebei 10.24 10.31 9.88 9.98 10.20 10.14 10.16 10.07 10.29 9.56 9.04 8.81

Shanxi 9.10 9.00 7.93 7.87 8.07 9.10 8.73 8.75 8.73 8.55 8.30 8.15

Inner Mongolia 10.08 9.72 10.13 9.88 10.12 10.11 10.26 10.14 9.73 9.44 8.89 9.02

Liaoning 8.84 9.08 9.05 9.11 9.17 9.20 9.06 9.04 8.75 8.58 8.08 8.67

Jilin 8.88 8.78 8.82 9.00 8.90 9.11 8.96 8.50 8.91 8.24 7.78 7.08

Heilongjiang 9.04 8.55 7.78 8.83 9.38 8.85 9.15 8.92 9.32 8.74 8.06 7.33

Shanghai 11.67 12.25 12.00 12.50 12.67 12.00 12.28 12.67 12.67 12.67 12.00 3.00

Jiangsu 10.99 10.29 10.70 10.57 10.73 10.71 10.39 10.37 10.60 10.24 8.40 7.91

Zhejiang 10.63 11.40 11.45 11.20 10.74 10.70 10.62 10.56 10.53 10.68 8.83 8.44

Anhui 10.12 11.02 9.91 10.58 10.66 10.94 10.20 10.38 9.59 8.23 5.80 7.09

Fujian 15.67 15.00 15.38 15.67 15.83 14.20 15.50 15.33 15.33 14.67 13.50 11.50

Jiangxi 10.76 11.75 11.34 11.98 11.38 11.06 10.63 10.22 10.28 10.40 9.55 9.20

Shandong 9.97 9.41 9.95 9.84 9.87 9.57 8.99 9.18 9.32 8.58 7.65 7.87

Henan 9.17 8.99 9.57 9.62 9.78 9.58 9.32 9.02 9.23 8.48 7.24 7.28

Hubei 11.68 13.05 12.34 12.11 12.17 12.49 12.42 12.39 11.92 12.19 11.56 10.78

Hunan 12.94 14.40 13.15 13.19 12.88 12.68 12.29 12.25 12.00 11.28 10.43 10.95

Guangdong

Guangxi 13.97 14.46 14.56 14.27 14.00 13.93 13.66 13.60 13.44 12.94 11.56 11.10

Hainan 13.75 15.25 13.75 13.25 13.13 13.50 12.75 12.25 12.75 12.50 11.30 11.00

Chongqing 12.67 11.93 11.27 11.07 11.43 11.57 13.00 11.33 10.53 10.67 9.87 11.13

Sichuan 12.80 13.50 13.25 12.70 13.00 11.50 13.00 14.00 13.00 13.60 12.00 12.72

Guizhou 12.50 13.29 13.14 12.57 12.50 12.71 12.43 12.71 13.07 13.42 12.21 11.57

Yunnan 12.04 11.95 11.86 11.53 11.90 12.17 11.71 12.19 13.06 12.08 12.23 9.64

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.31 12.47 11.89 11.44 11.53 12.20 11.80 11.73 11.52 11.02 11.77 9.92

Gansu 11.46 10.70 11.61 11.38 11.39 10.62 10.92 11.12 10.92 10.88 10.38 9.65

Qinghai 13.40 13.20 13.00 12.80 11.83 13.20 12.25 13.40 12.17 12.84 13.00 12.60

Ningxia 9.40 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.20 9.20 9.00 8.90 8.90 8.60 3.60

Xinjiang 11.13 11.00 11.79 10.80 10.70 11.26 11.55 10.94 10.86 10.54 9.44 8.63


57


Beijing 11.15 10.31 9.73 9.48 9.18 9.24 9.48 9.46 9.69 9.58 9.59 9.78

Tianjin 10.50 7.00 9.33 8.67 8.67 8.33 8.50 10.33 13.50 11.33 11.33 11.40

Hebei 8.71 8.58 8.25 8.73 8.62 8.18 8.63 8.88 9.21 9.38 9.80 9.65

Shanxi 7.85 7.80 7.97 8.13 8.07 7.55 8.25 9.10 9.20 9.60 9.27 9.40

Inner Mongolia 9.52 9.54 9.31 9.22 9.14 9.06 9.18 9.18 9.50 10.04 9.62 10.08

Liaoning 8.50 8.30 7.85 8.10 8.32 7.92 8.06 8.72 8.75 8.99 9.15 9.45

Jilin 7.37 7.36 7.50 7.65 7.24 7.14 7.43 7.99 8.62 8.38 8.66 8.99

Heilongjiang 8.58 7.65 7.43 7.85 7.59 7.61 7.87 7.92 8.83 8.65 8.84 9.28

Shanghai 8.33 12.00 10.00 10.33 10.67 11.00 10.00 13.33 14.00 14.50 14.50 14.50

Jiangsu 8.82 8.46 8.09 7.97 7.99 8.39 8.86 10.29 10.00 10.37 11.00 11.03

Zhejiang 9.79 9.51 9.46 9.47 9.33 9.66 10.06 11.17 11.18 12.44 12.80 13.11

Anhui 8.00 7.84 8.37 7.20 7.84 7.49 8.73 9.66 9.93 10.87 10.53 10.03

Fujian 13.70 13.42 13.38 13.00 13.05 12.47 10.10 13.75 14.67 14.88 15.83 15.33

Jiangxi 10.25 9.89 9.96 10.14 9.78 8.79 9.69 10.49 12.60 12.20 12.44 12.88

Shandong 8.36 8.47 8.40 8.31 7.52 7.46 8.47 8.93 9.36 9.32 10.11 10.21

Henan 8.49 8.17 7.84 7.93 7.50 7.83 8.65 9.83 9.97 9.86 9.89 10.34

Hubei 11.57 12.25 11.62 11.12 10.72 10.74 9.88 10.47 10.79 11.09 11.45 12.32

Hunan 10.87 10.79 10.82 10.26 10.08 10.91 11.25 11.42 11.65 11.83 12.36 13.46

Guangdong

Guangxi 12.03 11.94 11.90 11.65 11.91 12.14 12.03 12.95 13.56 13.72 13.94 15.07

Hainan 11.75 13.50 12.75 12.63 12.75 12.75 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.00 15.75 16.75

Chongqing 12.33 11.10 11.33 9.73 10.37 12.00 12.67 14.00 14.83 14.83 15.23 15.07

Sichuan 12.64 12.70 11.40 11.14 11.75 12.00 12.36 12.00 12.36 13.57 13.17 13.50

Guizhou 10.45 10.75 11.20 11.69 11.79 12.10 12.57 12.94 12.97 13.43 13.64 13.86

Yunnan 10.98 11.34 11.91 11.72 11.49 11.50 11.42 11.75 12.05 13.06 13.01 13.84

Tibet

Shaanxi 10.69 11.00 9.58 9.71 10.01 9.99 10.02 10.37 10.46 10.81 10.59 11.34

Gansu 10.26 10.03 9.61 9.59 10.03 10.22 9.94 10.46 10.84 10.96 11.13 11.18

Qinghai 12.60 12.80 13.50 13.00 13.33 13.50 12.80 13.20 13.20 13.00 13.20 13.50

Ningxia 8.40 8.40 9.20 8.60 8.60 9.60 9.50 9.50 9.50 10.00

Xinjiang 9.71 9.04 9.71 10.71 9.81 10.30 10.53 10.00 11.50 11.95 11.42 11.27


Beijing 10.22 10.62 10.22 10.25 10.64 11.21 11.22 11.53 10.97 10.85 10.86 12.14

Tianjin 11.13 11.95 12.35 11.95 12.83 11.90 11.66 12.43 11.95 13.08 11.90 12.00

Hebei 10.51 10.05 9.94 10.45 11.07 10.86 11.32 12.85 13.00 12.55 11.98 11.59

Shanxi 9.87 10.50 9.87 9.73 10.03 9.40 10.60 12.67 12.30 12.00 12.00 12.44

Inner Mongolia 10.85 11.00 10.65 10.65 10.61 11.75 12.58 14.36 14.20 12.93 12.17 13.09

Liaoning 9.17 9.57 9.53 9.63 10.52 11.53 12.25 13.20 12.94 13.14 13.34 12.98

Jilin 8.91 8.95 8.86 9.00 9.05 10.32 11.28 11.77 11.56 11.10 11.29 11.13

Heilongjiang 9.32 9.52 8.90 9.44 9.90 9.81 11.59 11.91 12.00 10.65 10.79 11.28

Shanghai 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.00 14.50 22.50 19.00 19.00 19.00 18.50 20.00 17.00

Jiangsu 10.74 11.37 10.74 10.94 11.71 12.17 12.30 14.17 14.10 12.68 11.48 12.18

Zhejiang 13.04 13.00 12.91 12.38 13.27 14.43 14.15 14.64 14.48 13.98 13.56 14.03

Anhui 11.42 11.70 9.83 9.74 10.80 12.61 12.27 11.80 12.28 10.80 10.78

Fujian 17.00 17.40 16.65 16.20 18.67 16.07 17.08 17.40 16.64 15.32 16.20 15.60

Jiangxi 12.96 12.73 12.33 12.60 13.26 12.56 13.13 13.36 13.40 14.15 14.45 13.94

Shandong 10.18 9.48 8.67 9.06 10.27 10.71 11.18 12.17 10.92 10.89 10.87 11.34

Henan 9.80 9.75 9.52 9.92 11.07 11.36 11.09 12.25 12.24 11.65 11.07 11.18

Hubei 12.33 13.00 12.44 12.28 13.43 13.93 14.24 14.51 14.68 14.82 14.76 15.36

Hunan 13.83 14.33 13.91 13.16 13.58 13.19 14.00 14.04 14.79 14.88 15.15 15.45

Guangdong 20.00

Guangxi 15.05 15.93 15.15 14.59 14.98 16.20 17.42 17.41 16.95 16.51 15.79 15.96

Hainan 18.38 20.25 18.25 17.75 18.75 19.75 20.50 20.75 20.50 19.25 18.00 19.22

Chongqing 15.67 15.67 15.17 14.50 16.38 17.27 18.00 20.50 16.75 14.33 17.75 19.67

Sichuan 13.67 15.00 15.60 15.30 13.33 15.40 17.75 16.67 19.50 17.00 14.00 16.00

Guizhou 14.79 15.43 15.07 15.07 15.20 15.00 14.64 15.71 17.00 15.00 14.86 15.03

Yunnan 14.39 15.21 14.39 13.16 13.79 14.96 15.59 16.52 17.04 16.32 15.54 15.54

Tibet

Shaanxi 11.90 13.25 11.66 11.50 11.53 14.00 13.15 13.83 14.53 14.33 14.12 14.31

Gansu 11.60 11.57 11.95 12.36 11.84 12.28 15.33 15.00 13.70 14.22 12.73 13.22

Qinghai 14.38 14.50 14.68 14.10 14.60 14.14 15.00 14.83 15.40 16.40 16.75 15.00

Ningxia 10.00 12.00 12.00 11.60 11.60 11.60 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 15.00

Xinjiang 11.20 11.90 12.38 11.92 12.00 11.94 12.17 13.86 13.50 13.04 12.05 12.50


58


Beijing 13.71 13.88 12.93 13.38 13.30 13.45 13.54 13.52 13.65 13.74 13.59 13.55

Tianjin 13.22 14.32 14.13 14.21 14.13 13.03 12.32 13.32 13.47 13.50 13.04 13.07

Hebei 12.29 13.04 12.78 13.16 13.28 13.14 13.00 13.02 13.14 12.91 12.24 11.84

Shanxi 12.25 13.05 12.10 12.23 12.64 12.99 13.03 12.89 12.88 12.54 12.03 11.69

Inner Mongolia 13.61 13.83 13.40 13.57 13.32 13.47 13.20 13.25 13.46 13.64 13.40 13.54

Liaoning 12.54 12.58 12.70 12.79 12.89 13.07 13.03 13.12 13.32 13.14 12.81 12.66

Jilin 11.51 11.84 11.86 12.30 12.36 11.88 11.68 11.89 12.14 11.87 11.67 11.36

Heilongjiang 12.06 12.18 12.15 12.53 12.40 12.05 11.60 11.78 11.84 11.51 11.13 11.04

Shanghai 16.67 16.77 16.40 16.88 16.30 15.81 16.26 16.55 16.98 16.60 15.60 15.14

Jiangsu 12.99 13.72 13.87 14.13 13.24 12.46 12.64 12.95 13.14 13.08 11.54 10.86

Zhejiang 14.37 15.70 14.93 15.10 14.96 14.23 13.86 14.20 14.39 14.23 13.72 13.69

Anhui 11.81 13.43 12.53 12.87 12.42 11.92 11.94 12.17 12.67 12.68 12.89 12.65

Fujian 15.30 17.58 16.00 16.30 16.00 15.50 15.90 16.50 16.88 17.00 17.00 16.70

Jiangxi 15.18 14.58 14.37 14.42 14.28 14.10 13.85 13.82 14.14 14.29 14.63 14.82

Shandong 12.44 12.96 13.16 13.70 13.18 12.24 11.99 12.08 12.42 12.24 11.33 11.02

Henan 11.59 12.43 12.42 13.39 12.89 12.51 12.27 12.34 12.67 12.87 12.29 11.55

Hubei 16.59 16.85 16.57 16.17 15.58 15.35 15.23 15.11 14.89 14.65 14.56 14.59

Hunan 16.41 16.45 16.79 16.71 17.05 16.66 16.60 16.54 16.52 16.16 15.87 15.94

Guangdong 18.83 21.10 21.71 21.71 21.65 21.53 20.73 19.85 19.43 19.46 19.38 19.82

Guangxi 17.14 19.45 18.74 18.94 19.07 19.00 18.24 17.72 17.64 17.55 17.61 18.06

Hainan 19.20 21.19 18.34 18.70 18.05 18.73 18.69 18.74 19.15 18.74 19.75 20.23

Chongqing 13.21 13.07 13.23 13.30 12.43 12.28 12.66 13.16 13.40 12.93 12.90 12.97

Sichuan 18.91 20.13 18.83 18.55 17.61 19.02 19.20 19.04 18.56 18.72 18.67 18.76

Guizhou 16.90 16.69 15.36 15.17 15.48 15.70 14.66 14.58 15.10 15.35 15.21 15.07

Yunnan 14.43 14.69 14.13 14.57 15.19 15.06 14.65 14.59 14.71 14.99 15.38 15.19

Tibet

Shaanxi 14.55 14.89 14.07 14.39 14.34 14.26 14.60 15.06 15.19 14.52 13.68 13.50

Gansu 13.53 14.06 13.61 13.88 14.38 14.43 14.33 14.03 13.57 13.43 13.17 13.01

Qinghai 14.86 13.59 15.17 17.43 15.60 15.86 16.28 16.38 16.29 16.34 16.12 15.83

Ningxia 12.99 13.61 12.80 13.36 13.64 13.84 13.71 13.59 13.90 13.84 13.97 13.44

Xinjiang 13.29 13.65 14.81 15.28 15.88 15.44 14.72 13.75 13.50 13.42 13.90 14.12


Beijing 13.75 13.61 13.64 13.94 13.94 13.81 13.93 14.21 14.18 13.85 13.93 13.85

Tianjin 12.70 11.97 11.98 12.12 12.21 11.49 11.50 12.20 12.37 11.66 11.49 12.43

Hebei 11.85 11.91 12.07 12.08 12.13 11.91 11.98 12.31 12.47 12.29 12.11 12.28

Shanxi 11.92 11.81 11.49 11.61 11.76 12.03 12.17 12.40 12.41 12.30 12.22 12.04

Inner Mongolia 13.63 13.35 13.26 13.24 13.27 13.24 13.12 13.23 13.50 13.63 13.55 13.47

Liaoning 12.74 12.80 12.79 12.81 12.79 12.70 12.76 12.80 12.96 12.97 12.82 13.01

Jilin 11.27 11.29 11.68 11.66 11.54 11.39 11.27 11.59 11.87 11.74 11.55 11.59

Heilongjiang 10.95 10.77 10.67 10.81 10.85 10.82 10.67 10.99 11.34 11.26 11.14 11.21

Shanghai 15.25 14.98 15.58 15.56 15.13 14.98 15.24 16.10 16.01 15.94 15.80 15.84

Jiangsu 11.20 11.41 11.80 11.42 11.40 10.82 10.79 11.69 11.79 11.59 11.52 11.90

Zhejiang 13.85 13.72 13.91 13.76 13.92 13.87 13.84 14.21 14.40 14.33 14.19 14.38

Anhui 12.75 12.67 12.66 12.91 12.70 12.17 12.09 12.43 12.60 12.49 12.43 12.68

Fujian 17.25 16.75 15.88 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.20 16.81 16.80 16.25 15.10 15.28

Jiangxi 15.29 15.12 14.12 13.85 13.66 13.36 13.48 13.78 14.01 13.81 13.69 13.61

Shandong 11.25 11.22 11.52 11.26 10.99 10.56 10.61 11.53 11.90 11.30 11.33 11.72

Henan 11.54 11.39 11.57 11.55 11.48 11.22 11.13 11.85 12.08 11.72 11.60 11.85

Hubei 14.86 14.65 14.18 13.72 13.59 13.43 13.34 13.47 13.84 13.65 13.68 13.81

Hunan 16.38 16.40 15.89 15.61 15.35 15.35 15.33 15.60 15.85 16.08 16.32 16.29

Guangdong 20.56 19.34 18.91 18.93 18.69 18.47 17.71 17.98 18.59 18.60 18.21 18.39

Guangxi 18.57 18.67 18.19 17.99 17.80 17.70 17.37 17.50 18.08 18.17 18.07 18.22

Hainan 21.83 21.30 19.70 19.24 19.27 18.70 18.45 18.59 18.96 20.00 20.18 20.27

Chongqing 13.46 13.33 12.68 12.71 12.80 13.09 12.55 11.70 11.97 11.61 11.22 11.24

Sichuan 19.29 18.86 17.96 17.96 17.66 17.22 17.34 17.32 17.31 17.62 17.97 18.05

Guizhou 15.29 15.41 15.28 15.03 14.79 14.54 14.41 14.83 15.28 15.27 15.24 15.12

Yunnan 14.96 14.61 14.60 14.82 14.81 14.62 14.16 14.33 14.81 15.02 14.87 15.02

Tibet

Shaanxi 13.83 13.77 13.77 13.73 13.55 13.41 13.28 13.54 13.86 13.94 13.90 13.96

Gansu 13.28 13.07 12.71 12.70 13.17 13.64 14.13 14.26 14.47 14.59 14.72 14.49

Qinghai 15.78 16.17 16.47 16.49 16.71 16.35 16.01 16.15 15.86 16.23 16.31 16.31

Ningxia 13.81 13.34 14.07 14.40 14.19 14.16 13.82 13.81 13.75 13.76 13.74 14.08

Xinjiang 13.52 12.92 12.32 12.89 13.39 13.56 13.53 13.77 14.30 14.47 14.45 14.33


59


Beijing 12.75 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.63 12.75 13.00

Tianjin 12.64 12.54 12.49 12.15 11.77 11.90 12.94 13.91 14.34 14.17 14.49 14.47

Hebei 12.57 12.80 12.44 12.36 12.31 12.21 12.47 12.96 13.06 13.06 13.29 13.55

Shanxi 11.57 12.04 11.68 11.51 11.61 11.99 12.18 12.69 13.66 14.00 13.88 14.00

Inner Mongolia 13.48 13.82 13.40 13.33 13.54 13.47 13.62 14.04 14.47 14.49 14.87 15.49

Liaoning 13.03 12.80 12.90 12.57 12.30 12.51 12.69 12.75 12.71 12.77 13.11 13.63

Jilin 11.26 11.39 11.39 11.48 11.36 11.36 11.69 12.19 12.36 12.27 12.49 12.77

Heilongjiang 11.07 11.08 10.87 10.73 10.68 10.76 11.14 11.81 12.24 12.15 12.43 12.55

Shanghai 15.56 15.75 15.68 15.21 15.28 15.36 15.81 16.57 16.90 16.80 17.15 17.18

Jiangsu 11.90 12.46 11.90 11.65 11.32 11.25 12.41 13.37 13.87 12.99 13.48 14.01

Zhejiang 14.49 14.47 14.25 14.19 14.02 14.03 14.53 14.87 15.20 15.36 15.70 15.78

Anhui 12.68 12.79 12.21 11.83 11.61 11.62 12.13 12.70 13.37 13.41 13.96 14.05

Fujian 16.11 16.13 15.25 15.31 15.13 15.60 16.75 17.94 18.20 18.63 19.25 19.10

Jiangxi 13.91 13.82 13.22 12.94 12.81 12.88 12.95 13.17 13.82 14.21 14.54 14.90

Shandong 11.77 11.98 11.87 11.58 11.31 11.16 12.09 12.54 12.85 12.82 13.49 13.90

Henan 12.02 12.50 11.76 11.46 11.31 11.27 11.86 12.33 12.58 12.25 12.53 13.09

Hubei 13.69 13.84 13.50 13.04 12.94 12.79 12.87 13.38 13.68 13.76 13.86 14.23

Hunan 16.55 16.77 16.16 16.10 16.29 16.26 16.14 16.51 16.99 17.27 17.57 18.18

Guangdong 19.37 19.63 19.00 18.47 18.54 18.80 19.00 20.13 21.33 22.23 23.11 23.16

Guangxi 18.63 19.18 18.52 18.07 18.18 18.74 19.67 20.61 21.26 22.14 22.44 22.64

Hainan 20.48 21.04 19.86 19.03 19.07 19.37 20.15 21.74 23.07 24.56 24.81 25.01

Chongqing 12.06 12.12 12.53 12.18 12.32 12.22 12.16 12.42 13.78 14.98 17.14 16.41

Sichuan 18.01 18.27 17.63 16.96 16.54 16.64 17.38 17.90 19.17 19.83 20.17 20.67

Guizhou 15.11 15.30 15.34 15.27 15.22 15.20 15.11 15.55 15.95 16.25 16.39 16.80

Yunnan 15.18 15.46 14.97 14.96 14.70 14.79 15.06 15.82 16.61 17.05 17.16 17.47

Tibet

Shaanxi 14.07 14.60 13.68 13.68 13.68 13.56 13.66 14.16 14.74 14.80 14.88 15.45

Gansu 14.26 14.51 14.01 14.10 14.32 14.66 15.06 15.62 16.59 16.89 17.34 17.38

Qinghai 16.71 17.29 17.43 17.50 17.83 18.03 17.94 18.42 18.80 18.43 18.18 18.03

Ningxia 14.56 14.75 13.89 13.46 13.60 13.59 13.79 14.06 14.77 14.41 14.34 14.70

Xinjiang 13.88 13.92 14.14 14.25 14.28 13.99 14.71 15.38 16.37 16.44 16.37 16.31


Beijing 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.13 13.85 14.00

Tianjin 14.60 14.61 14.50 14.27 14.74 15.45 15.95 16.54 16.90 15.70 15.17 15.21

Hebei 13.72 14.01 13.80 13.93 14.13 14.49 15.14 15.54 15.87 15.68 15.35 15.22

Shanxi 13.90 14.18 14.20 14.39 14.65 14.62 15.43 15.70 15.89 16.19 15.95 15.41

Inner Mongolia 15.98 16.24 15.92 15.84 15.96 16.07 16.22 16.59 17.32 17.58 17.26 17.06

Liaoning 13.70 13.75 13.77 13.75 13.82 14.20 14.41 14.24 14.51 14.52 14.02 13.91

Jilin 12.96 13.08 12.81 12.74 12.88 13.46 13.76 14.43 14.69 14.54 14.28 14.25

Heilongjiang 12.72 12.90 12.75 12.76 12.96 13.55 14.02 14.86 15.22 14.90 14.42 14.01

Shanghai 17.39 18.32 18.24 18.30 18.47 18.46 18.58 19.56 20.20 19.45 18.60 18.66

Jiangsu 14.40 14.93 13.68 13.77 14.07 14.61 15.30 15.93 15.95 15.27 14.61 14.18

Zhejiang 15.91 16.50 16.44 16.31 16.15 16.72 17.28 17.79 18.22 18.11 17.74 17.78

Anhui 14.36 14.49 13.99 13.99 14.02 14.42 14.84 15.44 16.18 15.25 14.77 14.85

Fujian 19.25 20.25 19.50 20.25 20.44 20.85 21.13 21.65 21.79 21.55 21.40 21.00

Jiangxi 15.05 15.62 15.55 15.29 15.50 16.06 16.34 16.33 16.26 16.30 16.08 16.09

Shandong 14.25 14.33 14.13 14.15 14.31 14.93 15.43 15.92 16.19 15.31 15.03 15.15

Henan 13.26 13.60 12.98 13.12 13.26 13.71 14.35 14.78 14.94 14.05 13.45 13.52

Hubei 14.13 15.10 14.87 14.68 14.63 14.97 15.10 15.64 16.31 16.75 16.59 16.35

Hunan 18.79 19.62 18.87 18.77 18.75 19.50 19.86 20.24 20.30 20.29 20.13 19.69

Guangdong 23.59 23.67 23.20 22.48 22.58 23.36 24.32 24.23 24.18 23.85 23.16 23.04

Guangxi 23.17 23.84 23.07 23.14 23.41 24.33 25.17 25.11 25.24 25.29 24.43 24.16

Hainan 25.18 26.01 25.82 25.53 26.23 26.91 27.94 27.54 27.85 27.68 26.00 25.95

Chongqing 16.26 16.43 15.92 16.05 16.09 16.49 16.90 18.38 19.36 19.82 19.88 19.20

Sichuan 22.04 22.83 22.48 22.82 22.40 22.66 22.72 23.21 23.35 23.95 23.41 23.42

Guizhou 18.35 19.61 18.60 19.34 19.43 19.57 20.16 20.80 21.13 21.05 20.85 20.47

Yunnan 17.60 17.57 16.93 17.16 17.35 17.68 18.19 19.03 19.58 19.67 19.20 18.42

Tibet

Shaanxi 15.81 16.21 15.52 14.97 15.04 15.70 16.37 16.67 16.96 16.71 16.58 16.62

Gansu 17.92 18.34 18.05 17.69 17.87 18.68 19.10 19.67 20.38 20.23 20.17 20.00

Qinghai 18.14 18.25 18.60 18.66 18.84 19.72 21.44 21.92 22.36 22.13 21.80 21.63

Ningxia 15.63 16.57 15.91 15.53 16.03 16.81 16.88 17.31 18.11 17.36 16.67 16.22

Xinjiang 15.99 16.27 15.89 16.31 16.31 16.64 17.58 18.74 18.90 18.42 17.78 17.31


60

Exhibit 102: Egg Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 4.27 4.40 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.80 4.93 4.55 4.30 4.20 4.15

Tianjin 5.05 4.13 3.50 3.53 3.65 3.75 2.84 5.10 4.40 4.13 3.33 3.95

Hebei 3.98 4.32 3.46 3.48 3.63 3.74 3.56 4.71 4.43 3.98 3.98 3.92

Shanxi 4.22 4.20 3.64 3.53 3.63 3.73 3.68 5.22 4.21 3.95 3.81 3.98

Inner Mongolia 4.80 4.80 3.96 3.90 4.63 3.10 4.04 4.86 4.75 4.82 4.42 4.34

Liaoning 3.92 3.84 3.42 3.30 3.49 3.46 3.39 4.35 4.07 4.11 4.03 4.01

Jilin 4.11 3.90 3.60 3.39 3.41 3.57 3.48 4.51 4.23 4.32 4.34 4.23

Heilongjiang 4.00 3.60 3.60 3.35 3.40 3.40 3.40 4.00 4.00 4.00

Shanghai 4.50 4.20 4.10 3.98 4.00 4.00 3.90 4.35 4.85 4.85 4.40

Jiangsu 4.13 3.20 3.88 3.80 3.74 3.89 3.92 4.35 4.54 4.54 5.37 3.94

Zhejiang 5.00 4.76 4.31 4.05 4.13 4.19 4.26 4.88 4.80 4.81 4.60 4.40

Anhui 5.52 5.42 5.15 4.49 4.96 4.84 4.72 4.97 5.16 5.29 5.36 5.33

Fujian 5.28 5.38 4.89 4.75 4.66 4.72 4.74 5.43 5.66 5.30 5.20 4.98

Jiangxi 6.65 6.62 5.37 6.89 5.72 5.39 5.62 6.06 6.30 8.16 5.87 5.87

Shandong 4.46 3.68 3.47 3.47 3.53 4.04 3.55 4.80 4.30 3.83 3.71 3.68

Henan 5.08 4.47 4.04 3.91 3.88 3.97 3.81 4.95 4.64 4.37 4.18 4.37

Hubei 6.93 6.78 5.95 5.55 5.28 5.28 5.06 5.76 6.14 6.26 6.03 5.45

Hunan 6.80 6.80 6.34 5.91 5.59 5.75 5.64 6.55 6.45 7.60 6.15 6.21

Guangdong 6.04 6.01 5.98 5.20 5.41 5.20 5.29 5.87 6.00 5.94 5.84 5.71

Guangxi 6.37 6.23 5.98 5.64 5.71 5.53 5.60 5.79 5.93 5.83 5.91 5.94

Hainan 8.47 8.57 8.75 7.85 7.85 7.50 7.98 7.95 8.50 8.75 7.83 8.08

Chongqing 7.54 9.11 7.27 6.59 6.04 6.07 5.57 6.23 6.30 6.06 6.23 6.51

Sichuan 7.60 7.81 7.24 6.65 6.42 6.37 6.42 6.78 6.98 6.76 6.90 6.65

Guizhou 8.38 8.70 8.40 7.72 6.90 6.95 6.93 7.16 7.32 8.22 8.33 8.13

Yunnan 7.53 6.95 7.19 7.06 6.89 6.61 6.67 6.67 7.02 6.66 7.00 6.94

Tibet

Shaanxi 4.67 4.30 4.25 3.81 3.73 4.49 4.46 5.20 5.32 4.64 4.57 4.73

Gansu 4.68 4.53 4.20 4.05 4.17 4.24 4.43 5.22 5.11 4.64 4.46 4.56

Qinghai 5.00 5.22 5.03 4.48 4.58 4.58 4.60 4.98 5.20 5.25 5.05 4.83

Ningxia 4.10 4.10 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.93 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.50

Xinjiang 3.50 4.20 4.20 4.30 4.30 4.30 5.30 5.30 5.30


Beijing 4.30 4.20 3.30 4.27 4.34 4.65 4.73 4.90 4.92 4.46 4.80 4.55

Tianjin 3.95 4.60 3.93 4.45 4.65 4.80 5.20 4.87 4.50 4.40

Hebei 4.12 3.88 3.74 3.99 4.28 4.18 4.50 4.60 4.99 4.72 4.34 4.34

Shanxi 4.49 3.88 3.62 3.86 4.00 4.10 4.26 4.34 4.54 4.69 4.34 4.37

Inner Mongolia 4.49 4.40 4.03 4.13 4.50 4.53 4.86 5.03 5.00 5.35 4.89 4.90

Liaoning 3.99 3.83 3.65 3.75 4.02 4.09 4.36 4.53 4.94 4.72 4.34 4.27

Jilin 4.48 4.16 3.99 3.95 4.06 4.38 4.21 4.28 4.95 5.00 4.47 4.47

Heilongjiang 3.75 3.80 3.80 4.40 4.40 4.40 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.40

Shanghai 4.35 4.43 4.25 4.35 4.60 4.55 4.63 5.20 5.58 5.35 5.35 5.25

Jiangsu 3.99 3.94 3.81 4.04 4.26 4.46 4.35 4.34 5.06 4.77 4.52 4.49

Zhejiang 4.49 4.44 5.24 4.44 4.59 4.83 4.93 5.38 5.45 5.37 5.23 4.90

Anhui 6.08 5.62 4.76 4.98 4.98 5.08 5.33 5.65 5.68 5.77 4.93 5.17

Fujian 4.88 4.72 4.78 4.75 4.95 4.98 5.35 5.32 6.04 6.08 5.66 5.40

Jiangxi 5.99 5.96 5.85 6.05 6.00 5.81 6.00 6.16 6.19 6.55 6.21 6.28

Shandong 3.78 3.74 3.84 4.20 4.30 4.39 4.40 4.90 4.78 4.27 4.33

Henan 4.64 4.36 4.11 4.25 4.30 4.37 4.43 4.71 5.01 4.98 4.46 4.59

Hubei 5.78 6.11 5.70 5.17 5.43 5.50 5.55 6.00 5.31 6.38 6.43

Hunan 5.82 6.22 6.28 5.79 5.93 5.82 6.12 6.30 6.40 6.42 6.11 6.60

Guangdong 6.21 5.75 5.53 5.23 5.46 5.47 5.64 5.73 5.87 5.79 5.69 5.76

Guangxi 5.69 5.62 5.56 5.59 5.77 5.96 6.15 6.15 6.62 6.13

Hainan 7.83 8.13 7.50 7.00 6.87 7.38 8.00 6.28 7.33 7.63 7.38 7.38

Chongqing 7.00 7.16 6.64 6.33 6.47 6.20 6.59 7.94 7.40 7.15 7.69

Sichuan 7.13 7.13 7.14 6.51 6.47 6.31 6.48 6.85 7.05 7.15 6.85 7.41

Guizhou 8.49 7.00 8.07 7.33 7.35 7.00 7.50 7.50 8.67 9.33 8.33 7.66

Yunnan 7.20 6.84 6.76 6.69 6.75 6.69 6.87 7.00 7.18 7.10 7.08 7.06

Tibet

Shaanxi 4.27 4.17 4.70 4.15 4.50 4.77 4.80 5.12 5.33 5.32 4.92 4.37

Gansu 4.84 4.38 4.36 4.28 4.54 4.76 4.78 5.00 5.32 5.12 4.97 4.68

Qinghai 4.74 5.00 4.73 4.73 4.88 4.95 5.20 5.27 5.55 5.32 5.18

Ningxia 4.10 4.80 4.76 5.08 5.40 5.12 5.50

Xinjiang 5.00 5.21 5.00 5.03 5.09 5.64 6.07 5.60 5.51


61


Beijing 5.20 4.76 4.44 4.30 4.36 4.50 4.44 4.72 4.80 4.68 4.83 4.56

Tianjin 5.00 5.00 4.20 4.20 4.40 4.33 4.45 4.60 4.87 4.25 4.20 4.13

Hebei 5.06 4.45 4.26 4.08 4.41 4.49 4.45 4.71 4.69 4.48 4.34 4.23

Shanxi 4.45 4.76 4.18 4.03 4.17 4.36 4.31 4.48 4.65 4.39 4.35 4.22

Inner Mongolia 4.80 4.85 4.63 4.46 4.57 4.80 4.63 4.78 4.96 4.91 4.73 4.66

Liaoning 4.38 4.35 4.08 4.00 4.24 4.35 3.99 4.56 4.61 4.40 4.25 4.14

Jilin 4.37 4.37 4.11 4.10 4.29 4.66 4.24 4.53 4.64 4.66 4.64 4.49

Heilongjiang 5.00 4.20 4.20 3.80 4.11 4.48 3.79 4.24 4.38 4.32 4.21 4.16

Shanghai 5.00 5.45 5.15 5.00 5.15 5.00 4.85 4.98 5.10 5.15 4.90 4.85

Jiangsu 4.34 4.93 4.40 4.37 4.45 4.40 4.51 5.02 4.84 4.61 4.50 4.47

Zhejiang 5.09 5.26 5.05 4.77 4.91 5.17 5.02 5.34 5.46 5.18 7.50 4.99

Anhui 5.73 6.01 5.51 5.25 5.30 5.23 5.42 5.88 5.90 5.55 5.40 4.47

Fujian 5.64 5.68 5.35 5.35 5.34 5.56 5.30 5.59 5.68 5.44 5.52 5.36

Jiangxi 6.22 6.28 6.34 6.20 5.99 6.28 6.00 6.27 6.31 6.32 6.27 6.15

Shandong 4.81 4.70 4.34 4.31 4.29 4.50 4.28 4.62 4.78 4.24 4.23 4.24

Henan 4.87 4.83 4.34 4.36 4.37 4.64 4.44 4.80 4.84 4.48 4.34 4.35

Hubei 6.68 6.75 6.05 5.78 5.72 5.78 5.72 6.04 6.60 6.45 6.17 6.73

Hunan 6.24 6.56 6.41 6.35 6.53 6.42 6.40 6.45 6.75 6.49 6.43 6.59

Guangdong 5.74 5.86 5.73 5.63 5.64 5.64 5.63 5.75 5.94 5.84 5.86 5.78

Guangxi 6.20 6.11 5.95 6.02 6.05 6.02 5.93 6.04 6.26 6.18 6.23 6.06

Hainan 6.60 7.03 7.05 6.85 6.95 6.95 6.85 6.80 6.95 6.85 6.85 7.08

Chongqing 8.02 8.16 7.37 6.83 6.77 6.67 6.81 7.13 7.14 7.41 7.21 7.06

Sichuan 7.30 7.74 7.11 6.71 6.71 6.64 6.61 6.99 6.80 6.77 6.98 6.77

Guizhou 9.35 9.03 8.07 7.82 7.97 7.76 7.57 8.03 8.45 8.69 8.19 8.97

Yunnan 7.07 7.23 6.79 6.94 6.80 6.95 6.92 6.92 7.14 7.09 7.04 6.92

Tibet

Shaanxi 4.67 4.57 4.70 4.20 4.50 4.55 5.14 4.60 4.67 4.43 4.20 4.53

Gansu 4.86 4.90 4.60 4.50 4.52 4.72 4.59 4.73 4.99 4.93 4.76 4.77

Qinghai 5.05 5.08 5.20 5.06 5.03 5.03 4.98 5.08 5.25 5.16 5.19 5.10

Ningxia 4.40 4.88 4.30 4.20 3.90 4.20 4.80 4.73 4.92 5.19 4.80

Xinjiang 5.16 5.08 5.36 4.92 5.25 4.99 5.29 5.05 5.13 5.27 5.14


Beijing 4.18 4.18 3.70 3.92 4.04 3.84 3.85 4.13 4.63 4.70 4.83 5.16

Tianjin 4.40 4.00 3.75 3.73 3.60 3.70 3.70 4.30 4.87 4.73 5.13 5.13

Hebei 4.30 3.97 3.83 3.72 3.62 3.65 3.63 4.32 4.73 4.71 5.07 5.08

Shanxi 4.43 4.22 3.67 3.79 3.71 3.71 3.75 4.09 4.61 4.57 5.18 5.09

Inner Mongolia 4.64 4.56 4.31 4.08 4.14 4.02 3.94 4.70 4.84 4.78 5.28 5.00

Liaoning 4.11 3.96 3.62 3.64 3.64 3.65 3.44 4.06 4.59 4.64 5.24 4.80

Jilin 4.43 4.10 3.81 3.68 4.18 3.93 3.63 3.87 4.65 4.58 5.05 4.93

Heilongjiang 4.06 3.83 3.63 3.51 3.73 3.77 3.51 3.91 4.42 4.41 4.94 4.81

Shanghai 4.73 4.88 4.74 4.63 4.54 4.48 4.63 4.68 5.49 5.48 5.88 5.73

Jiangsu 4.50 4.27 4.20 4.10 4.18 4.28 4.12 4.75 5.01 4.98 5.34 4.94

Zhejiang 5.05 4.93 4.72 4.66 4.72 4.61 4.65 5.12 5.54 5.59 5.97 5.83

Anhui 5.23 5.16 4.81 4.89 4.93 4.50 5.06 5.69 5.74 5.84 5.87 5.98

Fujian 5.32 5.16 5.09 4.86 4.94 4.96 4.91 5.11 5.69 5.74 6.38 6.34

Jiangxi 6.24 6.35 6.18 6.02 5.98 5.96 5.92 5.95 6.33 6.35 7.49 7.11

Shandong 4.29 3.95 3.91 3.81 3.77 3.87 3.86 4.46 4.79 4.92 5.11 5.05

Henan 4.41 4.29 3.88 3.92 3.97 3.99 3.84 4.45 4.75 4.76 5.15 4.97

Hubei 6.51 6.28 5.76 5.55 5.56 5.57 5.49 5.84 6.51 6.69 7.01 7.29

Hunan 6.29 6.09 6.39 6.20 6.26 6.28 6.21 6.45 6.61 6.66 7.41 7.12

Guangdong 5.81 5.73 5.49 5.34 5.32 5.36 5.37 5.58 5.98 5.97 6.20 6.31

Guangxi 6.11 5.99 6.05 5.98 5.95 5.98 5.87 5.97 6.21 6.25 6.35 6.52

Hainan 6.93 6.95 7.05 6.88 6.95 6.90 6.80 6.83 6.95 7.05 7.58 7.05

Chongqing 7.41 7.64 6.56 6.77 6.14 5.94 5.89 6.21 6.56 6.85 7.54 7.84

Sichuan 6.99 6.83 6.81 6.80 6.07 6.41 6.35 6.42 6.80 6.86 7.33 7.07

Guizhou 8.84 8.18 7.88 7.59 7.36 7.47 7.39 7.62 8.14 8.28 8.79 9.09

Yunnan 6.91 7.03 7.40 6.73 6.60 6.61 6.81 6.64 6.82 7.12 7.56 7.56

Tibet

Shaanxi 4.40 4.60 5.60 4.60 4.00 4.00 4.00

Gansu 4.65 4.61 4.12 7.46 4.62 4.28 4.08 4.58 4.99 5.08 5.70 5.36

Qinghai 5.15 4.89 4.89 4.75 4.65 4.73 4.59 4.58 5.05 5.16 5.24 5.96

Ningxia 4.44 4.00 3.78 3.74 4.28 4.24 4.32 4.40 4.52 4.60 5.43 5.20

Xinjiang 4.90 4.80 4.59 4.48 4.64 4.74 4.48 4.59 4.63 5.07 5.65 5.40


62


Beijing 5.30 5.00 5.02 4.98 5.04 5.68 5.80 6.20 6.67 6.07 5.42 5.73

Tianjin 5.13 4.83 4.93 5.00 5.00 5.73 5.60 6.15 6.35 5.80 5.60 5.70

Hebei 5.01 4.81 4.83 4.91 4.88 5.58 5.45 5.96 6.35 5.64 5.14 5.58

Shanxi 5.20 4.85 4.60 4.92 4.93 5.58 5.43 5.85 6.40 6.14 5.30 5.65

Inner Mongolia 5.20 5.01 4.98 4.97 4.83 5.98 5.47 5.80 6.64 6.24 5.76 5.65

Liaoning 4.69 4.64 4.57 4.79 4.65 5.40 5.13 5.59 5.96 5.49 5.09 5.38

Jilin 4.92 4.66 4.68 5.03 4.82 5.44 5.37 5.87 6.20 5.80 5.34 5.55

Heilongjiang 4.78 4.57 4.74 4.84 4.81 5.61 5.21 5.53 6.30 5.65 5.37 5.50

Shanghai 5.85 5.53 5.30 5.88 6.00 6.00 6.35 6.35 7.85 7.00 6.75 6.70

Jiangsu 5.34 4.92 4.97 5.29 5.16 5.85 5.73 6.35 6.72 5.94 5.67 5.94

Zhejiang 6.12 5.78 5.73 5.91 5.88 6.61 6.54 6.95 7.35 7.12 6.70 6.68

Anhui 6.06 5.63 5.69 5.92 6.02 5.91 6.72 7.26 7.19 7.48 6.16 6.28

Fujian 6.38 6.06 6.04 6.02 5.80 6.41 6.47 6.79 7.24 7.22 7.08 6.98

Jiangxi 7.12 6.93 7.05 7.31 6.90 7.13 7.34 7.46 8.23 8.53 8.11 7.86

Shandong 5.28 4.78 4.89 4.94 4.90 5.62 5.45 6.07 6.29 5.54 5.26 5.51

Henan 5.16 4.54 4.73 4.98 4.99 5.59 5.34 6.03 6.23 5.67 5.26 5.74

Hubei 7.47 6.96 6.74 6.76 6.57 6.89 7.06 7.93 8.59 8.76 8.24 8.09

Hunan 7.37 7.64 7.19 6.84 7.08 7.41 7.81 8.01 8.33 8.33 8.12 7.88

Guangdong 6.32 6.13 6.29 6.05 6.39 6.63 6.77 7.02 7.55 7.37 7.19 7.22

Guangxi 6.60 6.39 6.40 6.54 6.62 6.90 7.11 7.40 7.78 7.78 7.57 7.46

Hainan 7.08 7.73 7.70 7.73 7.77 7.77 8.58 8.60 9.13 9.15 9.13 8.90

Chongqing 7.84 7.36 6.96 6.99 7.13 7.24 7.69 8.11 8.79 9.28 8.83 8.49

Sichuan 7.62 7.06 7.28 7.18 7.29 7.48 7.75 8.17 8.57 8.74 8.29 8.50

Guizhou 9.56 9.03 9.06 8.71 8.85 8.81 8.98 9.20 9.83 9.99 10.13 10.32

Yunnan 7.68 7.51 7.42 7.41 7.52 7.60 7.63 7.95 8.60 8.69 8.70 8.63

Tibet

Shaanxi 5.63 5.04 5.24 5.25 5.09 5.46 5.60 6.00 6.71 6.56 6.12 6.10

Gansu 5.54 4.99 5.02 5.26 5.23 5.14 5.72 6.01 6.83 6.51 6.26 6.24

Qinghai 5.30 5.89 5.16 5.35 5.58 5.85 6.29 6.40 7.39 7.03 6.65 6.68

Ningxia 5.40 4.33 4.33 4.90 5.05 5.53 5.53 5.57 6.80 6.80 5.55 5.70

Xinjiang 5.27 5.16 4.75 5.10 5.52 5.69 5.75 5.90 7.00 6.75 6.36 6.26


Beijing 5.67 5.71 5.16 5.12 4.85 5.79 5.76 5.98 6.10 5.56 5.26 4.80

Tianjin 5.70 5.80 5.00 4.95 5.90 5.95 5.65 5.90 6.13 5.35 5.30 4.55

Hebei 5.50 5.59 5.14 4.94 5.60 5.89 5.52 5.81 5.98 5.34 4.89 4.68

Shanxi 5.45 5.90 5.15 5.09 5.56 5.95 5.71 5.93 6.06 5.55 4.94 4.63

Inner Mongolia 5.79 5.73 5.41 5.27 5.53 5.96 5.77 5.84 6.25 6.09 5.63 5.18

Liaoning 5.36 5.35 4.96 4.67 5.22 5.64 5.20 5.58 5.65 5.16 4.61 4.65

Jilin 5.55 5.57 5.03 4.85 5.03 5.60 12.68 5.36 5.98 5.30 5.09 4.76

Heilongjiang 5.46 5.40 5.03 4.79 5.33 5.54 4.96 5.14 5.96 5.30 5.06 4.82

Shanghai 6.80 7.10 6.40 6.10 6.10 6.50 6.85 7.10 7.30 6.90 6.65 6.20

Jiangsu 5.93 5.95 5.65 5.20 6.28 6.09 5.97 6.09 6.43 5.75 5.34 4.99

Zhejiang 6.70 6.92 6.57 6.21 6.57 6.92 6.78 6.75 6.85 6.59 6.21 6.02

Anhui 7.30 7.51 6.37 5.78 6.41 6.54 6.30 6.29 6.88 6.36 5.73 5.78

Fujian 6.89 6.88 6.57 6.57 6.62 7.18 7.09 7.43 7.07 6.86 6.31 6.26

Jiangxi 7.98 7.94 7.55 7.94 7.63 7.73 7.09 7.66 8.01 7.77 7.50 7.13

Shandong 5.71 5.75 5.12 5.10 5.75 5.87 5.70 5.82 6.23 5.18 5.05 5.05

Henan 5.93 5.87 5.27 5.24 5.73 5.89 5.59 5.68 6.10 5.40 4.79 5.24

Hubei 8.65 9.00 8.10 7.50 7.49 7.71 7.72 8.21 8.59 8.40 8.20 7.94

Hunan 8.60 8.51 8.19 8.00 7.98 8.12 8.18 8.27 8.47 8.21 7.62 7.33

Guangdong 7.26 7.43 7.27 7.05 7.14 7.19 7.23 7.39 7.56 7.39 6.91 6.91

Guangxi 7.53 7.50 7.25 7.06 7.07 7.18 7.13 7.22 7.26 7.18 6.89 6.91

Hainan 8.90 9.15 9.10 8.83 8.55 8.85 8.85 8.60 8.88 8.88 8.58 8.60

Chongqing 9.39 8.85 8.09 7.07 7.30 7.46 7.54 7.81 8.06 8.17 8.23 8.16

Sichuan 8.29 8.37 7.71 7.43 7.59 7.22 7.54 7.68 8.08 7.98 7.85 7.37

Guizhou 10.51 10.15 9.47 8.86 8.60 8.65 8.89 9.26 9.52 9.48 9.68 9.49

Yunnan 8.67 8.53 7.96 7.89 7.91 7.88 7.19 7.55 7.52 7.54 7.54 7.56

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.43 6.41 6.00 5.57 5.51 6.08 5.99 6.13 6.08 5.94 5.56 4.89

Gansu 5.94 5.96 5.85 5.50 5.99 6.24 6.31 6.31 6.63 6.41 5.77 5.41

Qinghai 6.45 6.10 6.21 6.18 6.63 6.80 6.60 6.83 6.80 6.16 6.06 5.89

Ningxia 5.55 5.87 5.55 5.56 5.52 6.16 6.16 6.29 6.49 6.49 5.20 4.80

Xinjiang 5.81 5.75 5.28 5.35 5.67 5.55 5.59 5.79 6.16 5.67 5.72 5.08


63


Beijing 4.68 4.55 4.26 4.08 4.24 4.54 4.50 5.64 6.44 5.90 5.99 6.50

Tianjin 4.60 4.13 4.30 4.33 4.45 4.70 4.65 5.50 6.33 5.70 5.85 6.48

Hebei 4.76 3.91 4.30 4.14 4.28 4.56 4.47 5.40 6.14 5.76 5.84 6.15

Shanxi 4.87 4.11 3.98 4.12 4.43 4.73 4.79 6.11 6.14 6.24 6.03 6.62

Inner Mongolia 5.18 4.85 4.72 4.63 4.59 4.73 4.95 5.58 6.33 6.29 6.23 6.47

Liaoning 4.42 3.98 4.06 4.22 4.04 4.25 4.11 5.25 6.05 5.42 5.58 6.15

Jilin 4.84 4.14 4.11 4.22 4.06 4.32 4.18 5.10 5.84 5.65 5.54 6.15

Heilongjiang 4.47 3.73 4.01 4.16 4.04 4.16 4.04 4.85 6.11 5.50 5.47 6.03

Shanghai 6.35 5.90 5.75 5.30 5.75 5.75 6.05 7.00 7.03 7.15 6.90 7.20

Jiangsu 5.35 5.06 4.58 4.42 4.56 4.66 4.83 6.03 6.28 6.26 6.26 6.53

Zhejiang 5.92 5.64 5.33 5.39 5.28 5.38 5.57 6.67 7.16 6.97 7.11 7.33

Anhui 5.72 4.90 4.85 4.80 4.95 5.02 5.20 5.71 6.48 6.29 6.41 6.53

Fujian 5.97 5.73 5.75 5.48 5.37 5.60 5.87 6.67 7.03 7.14 7.26 7.23

Jiangxi 7.29 7.05 7.21 6.99 6.74 6.69 6.62 7.42 8.00 7.99 7.95 8.21

Shandong 4.84 4.35 4.25 4.29 4.53 4.61 4.68 5.56 6.25 5.75 5.89 6.20

Henan 5.05 4.27 4.34 4.22 4.43 4.64 4.55 5.53 6.06 5.86 5.77 6.14

Hubei 8.21 7.97 7.36 6.95 6.85 6.74 6.25 6.75 7.61 7.73 7.65 8.06

Hunan 7.80 7.70 7.40 7.06 7.16 7.15 7.33 7.83 8.93 9.06 8.66 9.09

Guangdong 6.80 7.00 6.83 6.60 6.58 6.70 6.80 7.41 7.58 7.53 7.51 7.70

Guangxi 6.94 6.79 6.61 6.63 6.56 6.69 6.64 6.86 7.33 7.50 7.46 7.84

Hainan 8.35 8.15 8.13 8.35 8.35 8.38 8.13 8.40 8.40 8.65 8.88 8.90

Chongqing 8.48 7.50 6.87 6.51 6.52 6.05 6.04 6.80 7.83 8.25 8.56 9.03

Sichuan 7.83 7.76 7.51 7.12 6.97 6.98 7.36 7.35 8.01 8.28 8.06 8.30

Guizhou 9.33 8.84 8.56 8.60 8.38 8.48 8.78 9.10 9.16 9.95 9.95 10.16

Yunnan 7.48 7.43 6.54 6.42 6.30 6.41 6.43 6.65 7.15 7.51 7.51 7.88

Tibet

Shaanxi 5.06 4.59 4.50 4.38 4.33 4.63 4.79 5.85 6.08 6.19 5.81 6.37

Gansu 5.43 4.89 4.93 4.94 4.51 4.85 5.04 5.56 6.17 6.36 6.19 6.58

Qinghai 5.94 5.64 5.69 5.56 5.49 5.14 4.99 5.53 6.39 7.01 7.06 7.17

Ningxia 4.70 4.75 4.35 4.15 4.27 4.70 5.87 6.30 6.30 6.60 6.53

Xinjiang 5.19 4.48 4.36 4.30 4.34 4.63 4.45 5.00 5.76 5.41 5.76 5.96


Beijing 6.48 6.62 5.70 6.26 7.10 6.82 6.67 7.15 7.35 7.03 6.54 6.34

Tianjin 6.00 6.65 6.40 6.60 7.00 6.45 6.35 7.00 7.05 6.95 6.30 6.15

Hebei 6.28 6.53 6.14 6.26 6.73 6.33 6.21 6.93 6.93 6.61 6.32 6.09

Shanxi 6.48 7.32 6.19 6.25 6.64 6.72 6.10 6.95 6.98 6.69 6.49 6.27

Inner Mongolia 6.56 6.62 6.57 6.57 6.89 6.38 6.42 7.73 7.55 7.59 7.61 8.57

Liaoning 5.86 6.16 5.78 5.89 6.51 6.25 5.75 6.91 6.68 6.59 6.35 6.15

Jilin 5.90 5.99 5.90 5.91 6.58 6.96 6.16 7.09 7.08 6.88 6.66 6.38

Heilongjiang 5.86 6.20 5.87 5.68 6.40 6.03 5.68 6.62 6.88 6.72 6.38 6.21

Shanghai 7.50 7.55 7.50 7.45 7.50 8.63 7.80 8.48 8.80 8.35 8.10 7.95

Jiangsu 6.61 6.66 6.32 6.46 6.73 6.98 6.26 7.03 7.28 6.89 6.36 6.53

Zhejiang 7.32 7.43 7.20 7.13 7.68 8.03 7.75 8.33 8.35 8.08 7.83 7.68

Anhui 6.45 6.73 6.40 6.57 7.02 7.52 7.25 6.91 7.50 7.23 7.08 6.97

Fujian 7.67 7.81 7.64 7.42 7.69 8.42 8.08 8.24 8.45 8.32 8.06 8.09

Jiangxi 8.36 8.47 8.37 7.99 8.92 9.65 8.73 8.83 8.90 8.94 9.08 9.37

Shandong 6.23 6.60 5.87 6.41 6.58 6.50 6.05 6.88 7.24 6.39 6.38 6.10

Henan 6.21 6.58 6.10 6.11 6.72 6.78 6.02 6.76 7.12 6.77 6.23 6.22

Hubei 8.55 8.75 8.09 7.88 7.89 8.37 8.08 9.46 9.14 9.03 9.00 9.18

Hunan 9.25 10.03 9.33 8.90 9.13 9.44 9.36 10.16 9.70 9.56 9.95 10.16

Guangdong 7.86 8.01 7.96 7.91 8.23 9.18 8.89 9.35 9.15 9.09 9.03 9.03

Guangxi 7.98 8.35 8.14 8.01 8.35 8.77 9.00 9.15 9.04 8.92 8.79 8.94

Hainan 9.05 8.93 8.40 8.75 9.25 9.78 9.80 10.28 10.01 10.18 10.30 11.10

Chongqing 9.43 8.92 7.75 8.09 8.43 8.56 8.85 9.97 9.63 9.68 9.95 10.20

Sichuan 8.34 8.36 8.33 8.38 8.53 9.14 9.19 9.84 9.73 9.86 9.78 9.60

Guizhou 9.86 10.49 10.25 9.74 10.12 10.25 10.50 11.21 11.52 11.56 11.62 11.67

Yunnan 8.14 8.32 8.07 7.90 8.11 8.61 8.85 9.14 9.46 9.56 9.17 9.46

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.49 6.50 6.43 6.40 6.61 7.39 6.85 7.15 7.24 7.18 6.74 6.71

Gansu 6.45 6.67 6.46 6.82 6.92 7.30 7.14 7.25 7.18 7.17 7.17 7.24

Qinghai 7.13 6.60 7.08 7.37 7.20 7.50 7.57 7.75 7.93 8.10 8.13 7.35

Ningxia 6.47 6.62 6.55 6.63 6.80 7.45 6.50 7.30 7.80 7.56 7.56 7.08

Xinjiang 5.85 5.95 5.85 6.39 6.61 6.84 6.75 7.32 7.73 7.75 7.14 6.97


64


Beijing 6.26 6.13 5.92 6.05 6.70 6.92 6.78 7.14 7.79 7.30 6.49 6.28

Tianjin 6.40 6.37 5.96 6.01 6.74 6.61 6.58 7.32 7.73 6.76 6.12 6.07

Hebei 6.41 6.45 5.99 6.02 6.67 6.77 6.65 7.05 7.58 6.80 6.13 6.03

Shanxi 6.34 6.48 5.91 6.07 6.58 6.91 6.81 7.19 7.67 7.08 6.38 6.17

Inner Mongolia 7.02 7.07 6.90 6.57 6.82 7.22 7.05 7.12 7.83 7.79 7.08 6.75

Liaoning 5.92 5.90 5.67 5.65 6.34 6.51 6.01 6.58 7.24 6.57 5.82 5.80

Jilin 6.29 6.30 5.96 5.69 6.38 6.75 6.22 6.60 7.41 6.83 6.21 6.06

Heilongjiang 5.96 5.97 5.76 5.57 6.46 6.54 5.84 6.39 7.42 6.69 6.29 6.01

Shanghai 7.70 7.85 7.37 7.25 7.52 7.83 7.80 8.04 8.54 7.87 7.54 7.48

Jiangsu 6.60 6.94 6.57 6.55 6.76 7.14 7.15 7.41 7.76 7.19 6.56 6.68

Zhejiang 7.73 7.88 7.70 7.47 7.47 7.68 7.69 7.76 8.20 8.28 7.63 7.67

Anhui 8.05 8.14 7.75 7.29 7.14 7.46 7.49 7.66 8.14 7.59 7.09 7.02

Fujian 8.02 8.24 7.89 7.55 7.83 8.21 8.18 8.42 8.75 8.58 8.08 7.95

Jiangxi 9.35 9.22 9.07 8.95 8.75 8.85 9.00 9.19 9.37 9.58 9.31 9.24

Shandong 6.47 6.40 6.11 6.21 6.75 7.00 6.78 7.20 7.69 6.73 6.14 6.06

Henan 6.35 6.57 6.12 6.22 6.55 6.95 6.85 7.09 7.63 6.90 6.21 5.99

Hubei 10.14 10.17 9.05 8.73 8.39 8.15 8.17 8.41 8.69 8.32 7.67 7.56

Hunan 10.49 11.48 10.18 10.10 9.93 9.90 9.93 9.91 10.14 10.03 9.61 9.65

Guangdong 9.06 10.21 9.46 9.26 8.69 8.62 8.78 9.09 9.22 9.13 8.47 8.48

Guangxi 8.99 9.39 9.10 8.86 8.92 9.16 8.99 9.04 9.27 9.18 8.93 8.88

Hainan 11.59 12.10 11.38 11.25 11.19 11.34 11.31 11.03 10.98 11.05 10.93 11.22

Chongqing 9.06 8.35 7.82 7.22 7.20 7.24 7.36 7.88 8.70 8.36 7.93 8.19

Sichuan 9.63 9.67 9.34 9.19 9.14 8.95 9.02 9.18 9.39 9.52 9.27 9.31

Guizhou 11.78 12.19 11.27 10.89 10.75 11.10 10.94 10.84 11.14 11.22 10.69 10.58

Yunnan 8.60 8.56 8.31 8.36 8.42 8.35 8.23 8.32 8.65 8.10 7.99 7.86

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.63 6.66 6.26 6.38 6.59 7.01 7.14 7.37 7.73 7.54 6.71 6.51

Gansu 6.95 6.91 6.60 6.48 6.59 6.76 7.14 7.35 7.51 7.50 7.09 6.68

Qinghai 7.18 7.43 6.76 6.95 7.13 7.20 7.61 8.04 8.47 8.50 7.80 7.53

Ningxia 6.40 6.44 6.07 6.09 6.43 6.55 6.73 6.99 7.70 8.01 6.46 6.44

Xinjiang 6.61 6.35 6.36 6.74 6.88 6.94 7.11 7.32 8.00 7.97 7.15 6.88


Beijing 6.33 5.93 5.97 6.63 6.97 6.94 6.68 7.18 7.85 7.36 7.07 7.14

Tianjin 6.05 5.76 5.95 6.51 6.87 6.60 6.24 7.11 7.55 6.71 6.63 6.78

Hebei 6.18 6.08 6.16 6.59 6.76 6.61 6.34 7.04 7.43 6.95 6.69 6.78

Shanxi 6.33 6.17 6.02 6.43 6.71 6.70 6.48 7.05 7.48 7.02 6.59 6.65

Inner Mongolia 6.56 6.46 6.36 6.58 6.90 7.00 6.82 7.09 7.80 7.80 7.38 7.35

Liaoning 5.71 5.67 5.86 6.32 6.52 6.46 6.13 6.64 7.36 6.79 6.45 6.58

Jilin 5.97 5.76 5.85 6.30 6.45 6.33 5.97 6.58 7.26 6.85 6.62 6.65

Heilongjiang 5.89 5.71 5.69 6.04 6.50 6.26 5.75 6.21 7.25 6.62 6.34 6.46

Shanghai 7.35 7.29 7.31 7.48 7.67 7.51 7.42 8.19 8.56 8.00 7.66 7.74

Jiangsu 6.70 6.62 6.60 6.74 6.94 6.92 6.64 7.32 7.48 7.07 6.76 6.86

Zhejiang 7.73 7.75 7.68 7.61 7.54 7.60 7.56 7.75 8.17 8.22 8.06 8.16

Anhui 7.07 6.89 6.74 6.78 6.90 6.94 6.87 7.45 7.79 7.55 7.15 7.18

Fujian 7.87 7.61 7.46 7.53 7.66 7.67 7.39 8.07 8.63 8.46 8.02 8.12

Jiangxi 9.24 9.14 8.92 8.88 8.93 8.98 9.00 9.21 9.48 9.45 9.32 9.32

Shandong 6.26 6.18 6.19 6.61 6.74 6.59 6.29 7.01 7.30 6.58 6.32 6.49

Henan 6.20 6.09 6.13 6.44 6.69 6.58 6.18 6.95 7.26 6.62 6.38 6.48

Hubei 7.65 7.61 7.36 7.39 7.40 7.33 7.28 8.03 8.28 8.07 7.92 8.11

Hunan 9.86 9.72 9.53 9.30 9.34 9.35 9.32 9.42 9.54 9.48 9.33 9.33

Guangdong 8.68 8.63 8.28 8.45 8.48 8.50 8.41 8.68 8.97 8.86 8.87 8.89

Guangxi 8.90 8.81 8.61 8.61 8.66 8.67 8.66 8.84 9.28 9.29 9.19 9.19

Hainan 11.28 11.20 11.10 10.74 10.64 10.87 10.88 10.87 11.11 11.51 11.55 11.49

Chongqing 8.29 7.99 7.32 7.26 7.37 7.43 7.33 7.87 9.13 8.18 8.01 8.29

Sichuan 9.44 9.40 9.11 8.82 8.77 8.77 8.79 9.01 9.36 9.38 9.25 9.35

Guizhou 10.76 10.77 10.42 10.03 9.92 9.87 9.94 10.20 10.64 10.93 10.89 10.34

Yunnan 7.86 7.69 7.66 7.79 7.98 8.02 7.89 7.93 8.24 8.28 8.23 8.27

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.50 6.50 6.30 6.54 6.78 6.87 6.63 7.09 7.65 7.30 6.89 6.94

Gansu 6.51 6.39 6.29 6.42 6.80 7.15 7.19 7.47 8.14 8.00 7.58 7.61

Qinghai 7.36 7.22 7.09 7.29 7.62 7.70 7.59 7.89 8.24 8.11 7.97 8.16

Ningxia 6.04 6.07 6.17 6.60 6.87 7.14 6.96 7.30 8.11 7.44 7.05 7.06

Xinjiang 6.46 6.10 5.95 6.10 6.52 6.54 6.56 7.02 7.55 7.72 7.17 7.13


65


Beijing 7.29 7.35 6.85 6.53 6.67 6.93 7.33 8.46 8.92 8.52 9.12 9.08

Tianjin 7.17 7.29 6.68 6.57 6.63 6.98 7.57 8.42 8.53 7.99 8.78 8.75

Hebei 7.03 7.25 6.72 6.47 6.48 6.73 7.28 8.23 8.40 7.95 8.59 8.70

Shanxi 6.92 7.27 6.52 6.27 6.40 6.66 7.18 8.03 8.50 7.94 8.50 8.69

Inner Mongolia 7.18 7.43 7.19 6.88 6.89 7.05 7.48 8.24 8.89 8.83 8.91 9.31

Liaoning 6.78 6.82 6.49 6.36 6.32 6.60 6.86 7.84 8.22 7.87 8.45 8.70

Jilin 6.72 6.87 6.56 6.37 6.29 6.60 6.95 7.86 8.18 7.94 8.60 8.74

Heilongjiang 6.50 6.53 6.21 6.06 6.23 6.54 6.65 7.53 8.15 7.99 8.40 8.35

Shanghai 7.87 7.95 7.72 7.65 7.55 7.66 8.33 9.17 9.93 9.61 9.85 9.86

Jiangsu 7.03 7.07 6.71 6.64 6.70 6.93 7.37 8.18 8.78 8.27 8.81 8.87

Zhejiang 7.88 7.96 7.86 7.76 7.64 7.76 8.04 8.57 9.14 9.25 9.42 9.57

Anhui 7.31 7.52 7.21 6.93 6.84 7.01 7.36 8.10 8.84 8.47 8.94 8.98

Fujian 8.19 8.29 8.00 7.70 7.60 7.78 8.25 9.01 9.54 9.46 9.89 9.96

Jiangxi 9.40 9.52 9.29 9.09 8.97 9.13 9.29 9.61 10.08 10.30 10.58 10.80

Shandong 6.79 6.99 6.43 6.37 6.40 6.71 7.18 7.97 8.39 7.64 8.50 8.47

Henan 6.77 7.00 6.47 6.33 6.39 6.58 7.11 7.89 8.36 7.68 8.30 8.42

Hubei 8.22 8.25 7.90 7.70 7.49 7.58 7.82 8.36 8.88 8.90 9.27 9.43

Hunan 9.44 9.61 9.25 9.02 9.03 9.01 9.16 9.58 9.92 9.96 10.14 10.40

Guangdong 8.91 9.03 8.73 8.54 8.55 8.54 8.82 9.49 10.22 10.34 10.66 11.02

Guangxi 9.27 9.36 9.23 9.16 9.12 9.06 9.20 9.76 10.21 10.34 10.51 10.72

Hainan 11.09 10.94 10.96 10.81 10.88 10.80 10.91 11.02 11.34 11.71 12.05 12.57

Chongqing 8.45 8.41 8.04 7.50 7.35 7.61 7.98 8.74 9.91 9.84 10.06 10.50

Sichuan 9.53 9.57 9.34 9.06 8.97 8.96 9.08 9.59 10.43 10.48 10.83 11.24

Guizhou 10.34 10.43 10.39 10.24 10.00 10.05 10.22 10.78 11.66 11.77 12.00 12.31

Yunnan 8.43 8.53 8.31 8.13 8.07 8.13 8.19 8.48 8.84 8.98 9.21 9.53

Tibet

Shaanxi 7.05 7.21 6.95 6.71 6.65 6.78 7.17 7.96 8.78 8.31 8.44 8.89

Gansu 7.60 7.66 7.46 7.19 7.10 7.33 7.66 8.23 9.07 9.14 9.16 9.33

Qinghai 8.36 8.52 8.11 7.90 7.72 7.79 8.18 8.75 9.23 9.12 9.50 9.99

Ningxia 6.99 7.13 6.93 6.82 7.00 7.16 7.36 8.30 8.92 8.54 8.78 8.98

Xinjiang 6.97 6.99 7.01 6.98 7.02 6.96 7.16 7.53 8.50 8.32 8.37 8.36


Beijing 9.30 9.33 8.25 8.35 8.91 9.60 9.71 10.25 10.44 9.65 9.12 8.76

Tianjin 9.05 9.20 7.78 7.93 9.07 9.45 9.08 9.67 9.97 9.07 8.56 8.37

Hebei 8.96 9.11 7.95 7.82 8.59 9.11 9.15 9.57 9.81 9.06 8.35 8.13

Shanxi 8.91 9.10 7.85 7.64 8.24 9.04 9.26 9.62 10.02 9.16 8.62 8.37

Inner Mongolia 9.41 9.49 8.99 8.52 8.85 9.66 9.61 9.95 10.62 10.39 9.90 9.38

Liaoning 8.72 8.70 7.67 7.41 8.06 8.90 8.59 9.20 9.72 9.13 8.53 8.24

Jilin 8.62 8.81 7.78 7.34 8.35 9.07 8.78 9.32 9.81 9.37 8.76 8.39

Heilongjiang 8.34 8.43 7.50 7.34 8.28 8.84 8.37 9.13 9.77 9.15 8.58 8.18

Shanghai 10.11 10.10 9.66 9.41 9.75 10.60 10.71 11.09 11.61 11.01 10.24 9.98

Jiangsu 9.15 9.18 8.28 8.16 8.76 9.51 9.42 10.01 10.51 9.65 8.80 8.54

Zhejiang 9.63 9.82 9.79 9.58 9.50 10.15 10.34 10.53 10.87 10.61 10.13 9.90

Anhui 9.44 9.71 8.61 8.33 8.71 9.60 9.53 10.00 10.41 9.76 9.12 8.92

Fujian 10.03 10.22 9.40 9.06 9.35 10.12 10.37 10.93 11.18 10.77 10.07 9.83

Jiangxi 10.95 11.25 11.08 10.67 10.64 11.25 11.50 11.78 12.11 12.05 11.66 11.43

Shandong 8.95 8.86 7.54 7.64 8.37 8.87 9.00 9.54 9.84 8.73 8.34 8.19

Henan 8.96 9.06 7.68 7.61 8.24 8.76 8.75 9.38 9.67 8.89 8.27 8.22

Hubei 9.78 10.02 9.34 9.26 9.35 10.03 10.04 10.46 10.84 10.58 10.11 9.95

Hunan 10.84 11.13 10.66 10.35 10.55 11.06 11.19 11.55 12.10 12.21 11.75 11.32

Guangdong 11.27 11.70 11.40 10.96 11.05 11.75 12.24 12.27 12.21 12.00 11.54 11.36

Guangxi 11.07 11.29 11.30 11.21 11.35 11.88 12.19 12.49 12.76 12.78 12.46 12.13

Hainan 13.04 13.50 13.48 13.80 14.46 14.75 15.01 14.97 14.87 14.93 14.99 14.78

Chongqing 10.89 11.63 10.69 10.17 10.17 10.38 10.69 11.37 11.82 12.17 11.88 11.62

Sichuan 11.54 11.76 11.37 11.39 11.27 11.60 11.82 12.27 12.62 12.70 12.22 11.85

Guizhou 12.61 13.05 12.85 12.67 12.43 12.58 13.05 13.43 13.92 13.97 13.81 13.65

Yunnan 9.77 10.09 9.87 9.91 9.80 10.04 10.38 10.86 11.40 11.36 11.05 10.77

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.99 9.08 8.53 7.99 8.19 9.00 8.89 9.40 9.84 9.45 8.89 8.49

Gansu 9.37 9.56 9.09 8.79 9.03 9.52 9.66 10.03 10.62 10.44 9.95 9.44

Qinghai 9.73 9.74 9.14 9.25 9.51 10.03 10.24 10.82 11.13 10.97 10.51 10.23

Ningxia 8.88 8.95 8.58 8.38 8.72 9.16 9.28 9.85 9.95 9.48 8.94 8.35

Xinjiang 8.22 8.37 7.99 7.86 7.91 8.35 8.63 9.47 10.10 9.72 9.08 8.54


66

Exhibit 114: Corn Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 0.77 0.83 0.72 0.74 0.74 0.92 0.92 0.99 1.01 1.09 0.96 0.98

Tianjin 0.83 0.79 0.74 0.71 0.79 0.89 0.93 0.95 0.91 0.98 0.95 0.96

Hebei 0.79 0.75 0.69 0.68 0.74 0.77 0.83 0.88 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.85

Shanxi 0.78 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.77 0.78 0.81 0.79 0.84 0.87 0.88

Inner Mongolia 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.73 0.81 0.82 0.87 0.93 0.94 0.90 0.92 0.93

Liaoning 0.70 0.71 0.65 0.62 0.70 0.74 0.85 0.93 0.92 0.94 0.91 0.89

Jilin 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.67 0.73 0.76 0.93 0.82 0.82 0.77 0.78

Heilongjiang 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.63 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.60 0.70 0.80

Shanghai 1.07 1.05 1.01 1.02 0.98 1.01 1.01 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.11

Jiangsu 0.82 0.96 0.90 0.90 0.88 0.90 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 1.21 1.10

Zhejiang 1.02 1.00 0.97 0.93 0.99 1.02 1.02 1.07 1.08 1.10 1.13 1.20

Anhui 0.92 0.99 1.03 0.94 1.02 0.99 1.00 1.04 0.99 1.04 1.05 1.13

Fujian 1.14 1.08 1.08 1.06 1.06 1.10 1.12 1.13 1.18 1.18 1.16 1.30

Jiangxi 1.20 1.17 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.11 1.12 1.15 1.20 1.16 1.21 1.18

Shandong 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.76 0.77 0.83 0.87 0.86 0.94 0.92 0.93 0.99

Henan 0.79 0.76 0.76 0.72 0.71 0.76 0.78 0.78 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.98

Hubei 1.00 1.01 0.98 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.93 0.94 1.00 1.02

Hunan 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.14 1.14 1.05 1.04 1.07 1.11

Guangdong 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.17 1.14 1.20 1.17 1.21 1.26 1.27 1.30 1.33

Guangxi 1.16 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.09 1.09 1.07 1.05 0.97 1.09 1.11 1.14

Hainan 1.43 1.60 1.70 1.51 1.49 1.47 1.56 1.58 1.59 1.64 1.61 1.51

Chongqing 1.03 1.02 0.94 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.94 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.95 0.97

Sichuan 1.06 1.02 1.04 0.99 1.03 1.01 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.01 1.01 1.04

Guizhou 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.07 1.09 1.14 1.10 2.76 1.10 1.03 1.07 1.11

Yunnan 1.03 1.07 1.03 0.99 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.98 0.95 0.91 0.92 0.95

Tibet

Shaanxi 0.86 0.96 0.96 0.78 0.81 0.87 0.90 0.93 0.96 0.89 0.93 0.96

Gansu 0.75 0.76 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.78 0.81 0.66

Qinghai 0.90 0.94 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.96 1.03 0.98 1.01

Ningxia 0.73 0.78 0.76 0.92 0.90 1.17 0.80 0.80 0.84 0.80 1.01

Xinjiang 0.78 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.80


Beijing 0.93 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.46 1.15 1.25 0.99 1.00 1.15 0.99

Tianjin 1.04 1.04 1.06 1.16 1.21 1.18 1.17 1.06 0.87 0.85

Hebei 0.90 0.95 1.03 1.02 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.04 0.92 0.96

Shanxi 0.93 0.88 0.94 0.98 1.05 1.04 1.09 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.10 1.00

Inner Mongolia 0.89 0.97 1.03 1.04 1.03 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.15 1.05 1.02

Liaoning 0.94 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.07 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.03 0.92 0.83

Jilin 0.82 0.76 0.90 0.90 0.95 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 0.96 0.88

Heilongjiang 0.96 1.00 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.06 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.00

Shanghai 1.14 1.14 1.22 1.25 1.30 1.29 1.28 1.28 1.26 1.26 1.24 1.20

Jiangsu 1.13 1.27 1.24 1.24 1.27 1.38 1.30 1.33 1.27 1.17 1.14 1.08

Zhejiang 1.32 1.24 1.32 1.29 1.34 1.35 1.39 1.39 1.35 1.23 1.25 1.14

Anhui 1.12 1.18 1.15 1.21 1.26 1.30 1.28 1.28 1.25 1.17 1.11 1.14

Fujian 1.31 1.35 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.40 1.45 1.43 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.26

Jiangxi 1.22 1.22 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.36 1.38 1.39 1.37 1.27 1.25

Shandong 1.01 1.12 1.07 1.14 1.16 1.20 1.12 1.16 1.05 0.96 0.96

Henan 1.01 1.05 1.14 1.12 1.12 1.15 1.17 1.16 1.08 0.99 0.93 0.90

Hubei 1.02 1.11 1.19 1.20 1.20 1.24 1.26 1.23 1.22 1.21 1.16

Hunan 1.18 1.17 1.31 1.22 1.27 1.34 1.35 1.35 1.28 1.99 1.30 1.19

Guangdong 1.43 1.38 1.38 1.40 1.38 1.41 1.41 1.44 1.43 1.39 1.34 1.32

Guangxi 1.23 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.30 1.31 1.27 1.28 1.25

Hainan 1.65 1.74 1.75 1.81 1.60 1.76 1.76 1.67 1.63 1.72 1.69 1.67

Chongqing 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.07 1.06 1.01 1.14 0.93 1.11 1.09

Sichuan 1.05 1.10 1.13 1.12 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.21 1.25 1.21 1.28 1.24

Guizhou 1.13 1.30 1.13 1.18 1.24 1.24 1.33 1.37 1.25 1.25 1.23 1.13

Yunnan 0.99 1.02 1.08 1.16 1.15 1.22 1.28 1.28 1.33 1.21 1.13 1.07

Tibet

Shaanxi 0.84 0.88 0.95 1.02 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.03 1.04 1.02 1.05

Gansu 0.90 0.93 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.13 1.01 0.94

Qinghai 0.97 1.07 1.08 1.11 1.08 1.18 1.20 1.14 1.35 1.23 1.20

Ningxia 0.85 0.98 0.94 1.08 1.06 1.10 1.15

Xinjiang 0.80 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.03


67


Beijing 0.93 0.84 0.91 0.95 0.93 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.99

Tianjin 0.82 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.97 1.03 1.04 1.20 1.02 0.99 1.00 1.02

Hebei 0.84 0.86 0.93 0.90 0.92 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.95 0.92 0.99

Shanxi 0.90 0.89 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.93 0.92 0.96 1.02 0.92 0.90 0.89

Inner Mongolia 0.99 0.97 0.99 0.93 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.96 0.93 0.91

Liaoning 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.95 0.98 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.93 0.87 0.88

Jilin 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.85

Heilongjiang 0.90 0.84 0.88 0.82 0.88 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.82 0.71

Shanghai 1.21 1.15 1.10 1.17 1.16 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.16 1.17 1.14 1.13

Jiangsu 1.06 1.13 1.07 1.02 1.10 1.21 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.06 1.13

Zhejiang 1.09 1.13 1.13 1.01 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.19 1.17 1.11 1.16 1.18

Anhui 1.07 1.14 1.13 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.06 1.02 0.99 1.01 0.96

Fujian 1.25 1.32 1.25 1.24 1.35 1.24 1.22 1.24 1.25 1.24 1.20 1.25

Jiangxi 1.23 1.22 1.24 1.20 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.22 1.22 1.20 1.20 1.20

Shandong 0.92 1.03 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.04 1.04 0.98 0.99 1.07

Henan 0.92 0.91 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.88 0.89 0.97

Hubei 1.14 1.14 1.16 1.11 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.09 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.09

Hunan 1.15 1.15 1.18 1.15 1.16 1.19 1.12 1.16 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.16

Guangdong 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.28 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.29 1.28 1.28 1.25 1.32

Guangxi 1.25 1.28 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.21 1.21 2.33 1.20 1.21 1.22

Hainan 1.50 1.55 1.55 1.47 1.47 1.44 1.44 1.42 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.43

Chongqing 1.14 1.16 1.12 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.11 1.21 1.03 1.05 1.09 1.11

Sichuan 1.23 1.22 1.24 1.23 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.14 1.13 1.17 1.13 1.12

Guizhou 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.16 1.13

Yunnan 1.05 1.11 1.12 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.22 1.15 1.10 1.07 1.07

Tibet

Shaanxi 0.97 0.97 0.91 1.53 1.00 1.00 1.08 1.03 1.04 1.03 0.96 1.02

Gansu 0.96 0.91 0.94 0.98 1.01 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.87 0.88

Qinghai 1.05 1.05 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.18 1.23 1.19 1.19 1.27 1.10 1.05

Ningxia 0.80 0.88 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.74 1.10 0.95 0.76 0.76

Xinjiang 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.92 0.98 1.03 0.96 0.89 1.05 0.88


Beijing 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.05 1.09 1.06 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.17 1.18

Tianjin 1.02 1.02 1.00 1.01 1.06 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.08 1.08 1.11 1.19

Hebei 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.04 0.99 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.05 1.11 1.15

Shanxi 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.93 0.95 0.96 1.11 1.02 1.03 1.06 1.13 1.14

Inner Mongolia 0.95 0.90 0.97 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.99 1.02 0.98 0.98 1.05 1.00

Liaoning 0.85 0.86 2.00 0.94 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 0.99 1.00 0.98

Jilin 0.85 0.79 0.78 0.85 0.89 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99

Heilongjiang 0.68 0.69 0.71 0.80 0.90 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.96

Shanghai 1.13 1.09 1.12 1.13 0.89 1.13 1.13 1.14 1.17 1.16 1.43 1.40

Jiangsu 1.11 1.12 1.14 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.13 1.17 1.20 1.25 1.38 1.36

Zhejiang 1.19 1.17 1.19 1.19 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.27 1.42 1.45

Anhui 1.06 1.05 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.09 1.11 1.13 1.22 1.21 1.32 1.32

Fujian 1.25 1.29 1.23 1.26 1.26 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.28 1.33 1.53 1.53

Jiangxi 1.23 1.22 1.24 1.23 1.23 1.26 1.25 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.49

Shandong 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.06 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.08 1.08 1.19 1.22

Henan 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.17 1.14 1.22 1.20

Hubei 1.11 1.11 1.67 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.16 1.13 1.16 1.19 1.32 1.33

Hunan 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.21 1.19 1.21 1.21 1.25 1.25 1.36 1.50

Guangdong 1.32 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.33 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.36 1.50 1.56

Guangxi 1.24 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.27 1.26 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.27 1.37 1.39

Hainan 1.47 1.20 1.29 1.45 1.30 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.61 1.78

Chongqing 1.08 1.11 1.10 1.16 1.11 1.13 1.19 1.13 1.10 1.14 1.29 1.31

Sichuan 1.13 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.10 1.14 1.13 1.28 1.28

Guizhou 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.18 1.23 1.23 1.22 1.19 1.18 1.26 1.33

Yunnan 1.06 1.11 1.11 1.15 1.18 1.23 1.22 1.28 1.25 1.20 1.26 1.28

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.18 1.04 0.90 1.18 1.60 1.58 1.54

Gansu 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.99 0.99 1.06 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.01 1.10 1.06

Qinghai 1.05 1.11 1.08 1.08 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.15 1.13 1.10 1.17 1.28

Ningxia 0.84 0.92 0.97 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.00 1.11 1.05

Xinjiang 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.95 0.96 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.04 1.08 1.10 1.03


68


Beijing 1.16 1.13 1.16 1.24 1.29 1.26 1.28 1.33 1.33 1.29 1.29 1.26

Tianjin 1.14 1.12 1.17 1.33 1.28 1.29 1.37 1.34 1.36 1.29 1.26 1.22

Hebei 1.10 1.06 1.14 1.37 1.27 1.27 1.31 1.35 1.35 1.30 1.20 1.13

Shanxi 1.06 1.09 1.06 1.16 1.23 1.24 1.23 1.25 1.25 1.24 1.19 1.14

Inner Mongolia 0.99 1.01 1.02 1.09 1.15 1.15 1.18 1.19 1.23 1.17 1.14 1.07

Liaoning 0.98 0.99 1.04 1.20 1.26 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.13 1.09

Jilin 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.99 1.21 1.22 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.15 1.03

Heilongjiang 0.90 0.90 0.88 1.01 1.13 1.22 1.22 1.21 1.24 1.20 1.07 0.96

Shanghai 1.49 1.39 1.34 1.51 1.45 1.47 1.44 1.48 1.49 1.46 1.38 1.36

Jiangsu 1.38 1.36 1.37 1.45 1.45 1.46 1.49 1.49 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.33

Zhejiang 1.47 1.36 1.46 1.51 1.50 1.52 1.52 1.53 1.53 1.50 1.41 1.38

Anhui 1.27 1.30 1.38 1.42 1.42 1.38 1.43 1.43 1.38 1.37 1.32 1.31

Fujian 1.55 1.52 1.57 1.57 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.60 1.61 1.57 1.50 1.47

Jiangxi 1.48 1.45 1.52 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.56 1.60 1.57 1.52 1.50

Shandong 1.21 1.18 1.25 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.38 1.42 1.40 1.27 1.19 1.20

Henan 1.24 1.21 1.23 1.32 1.32 1.30 1.30 1.32 1.30 1.23 1.21 1.18

Hubei 1.33 1.34 1.39 1.48 1.46 1.47 1.51 1.51 1.52 1.48 1.38 1.38

Hunan 1.37 1.41 1.44 1.49 1.49 1.50 1.50 1.55 1.54 1.52 1.44 1.42

Guangdong 1.59 1.56 1.57 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.55

Guangxi 1.42 1.44 1.52 1.55 1.52 1.53 1.50 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.46 1.45

Hainan 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.81 1.82 1.81 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.68 1.67 1.67

Chongqing 1.32 1.31 1.35 1.44 1.46 1.53 1.51 1.48 1.48 1.50 1.50 1.49

Sichuan 1.26 1.30 1.44 1.45 1.47 1.55 1.56 1.52 1.54 1.53 1.50 1.50

Guizhou 1.32 1.33 1.44 1.47 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.53 1.50 1.51 1.49 1.44

Yunnan 1.40 1.32 1.39 1.50 1.52 1.51 1.52 1.55 1.45 1.42 1.42 1.39

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.14 1.15 1.19 1.30 1.28 1.28 1.27 1.29 1.29 1.27 1.17 1.20

Gansu 1.08 1.06 1.10 1.20 1.20 1.22 1.23 1.28 1.31 1.23 1.23 1.19

Qinghai 1.45 1.29 1.40 1.50 1.47 1.37 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.20 1.37 1.33

Ningxia 1.06 1.08 1.08 1.21 1.25 1.30 1.30 1.31 1.22 1.22 1.09 1.06

Xinjiang 1.18 1.27 1.30 1.64 1.15 1.23 1.21 1.35 1.38 1.22 1.17 1.16


Beijing 1.29 1.29 1.38 1.23 1.30 1.36 1.24 1.34 1.28 1.32 1.28 1.25

Tianjin 1.18 1.17 1.19 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.24 1.24 1.23 1.21 1.14 1.14

Hebei 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.15 1.19 1.19 1.22 1.11 1.09

Shanxi 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.10 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.12 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.09

Inner Mongolia 1.03 1.03 1.10 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.13 1.19 1.11 1.13 1.07

Liaoning 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.14 1.15 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.06 1.07

Jilin 1.05 0.99 0.93 0.97 1.07 1.05 1.07 1.11 1.13 1.08 1.06 1.00

Heilongjiang 0.92 0.87 0.87 1.03 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.16 1.18 1.11 0.98 1.00

Shanghai 1.34 1.31 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.34 1.36 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.36

Jiangsu 1.33 1.32 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.34 1.33 1.36 1.40 1.43 1.36 1.33

Zhejiang 1.38 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.42 1.44 1.38 1.35

Anhui 1.32 1.32 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.37 1.33 1.32

Fujian 1.45 1.47 1.44 1.44 1.46 1.44 1.47 1.46 1.49 1.50 1.47 1.43

Jiangxi 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.47 1.47 1.46 1.50 1.52 1.50 1.44

Shandong 1.22 1.21 1.23 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.27 1.26 1.20 1.14

Henan 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.17 1.23 1.23 1.46 1.18 1.12

Hubei 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.39 1.38 1.39 1.37 1.40 1.38 1.41 1.47 1.33

Hunan 1.39 1.42 1.46 1.44 1.44 1.42 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.46 1.42 1.41

Guangdong 1.55 1.58 1.59 1.55 1.53 1.56 1.54 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.51 1.49

Guangxi 1.46 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.45 1.43 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.46 1.46

Hainan 1.68 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.65 1.63 1.62 1.65 1.69 1.68 1.65 1.64

Chongqing 1.47 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.44 1.40 1.34 1.31 1.34 1.35 1.32 1.34

Sichuan 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.46 1.45 1.42 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.36 1.36

Guizhou 1.39 1.46 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.45 1.41 1.39 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.31

Yunnan 1.40 1.43 1.48 1.48 1.49 1.51 1.53 1.53 1.48 1.46 1.42 1.39

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.13 1.13 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.17 1.21 1.11

Gansu 1.19 1.29 1.27 1.16 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.14 1.16 1.19 1.09

Qinghai 1.24 1.25 1.20 1.25 1.25 1.30 1.27 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.38 1.38

Ningxia 1.16 1.54 1.11 1.09 1.11 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.10 1.05

Xinjiang 1.01 1.11 1.17 1.14 1.14 1.20 1.16 1.17 1.19 1.16 1.10 1.17


69


Beijing 1.27 1.29 1.25 1.21 1.30 1.38 1.40 1.40 1.41 1.36 1.35 1.44

Tianjin 1.11 1.17 1.16 1.22 1.37 1.36 1.38 1.43 1.49 1.32 1.21 1.40

Hebei 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.14 1.24 1.33 1.33 1.37 1.38 1.23 1.30 1.42

Shanxi 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.19 1.24 1.30 1.32 1.30 1.34 1.27 1.32

Inner Mongolia 1.08 1.13 1.12 1.15 1.17 1.17 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.35 1.26 1.29

Liaoning 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.12 1.14 1.26 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.30 1.33 1.38

Jilin 1.05 1.02 1.07 1.06 1.10 1.19 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.29 1.29 1.23

Heilongjiang 0.97 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.17 1.23 1.24 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.15

Shanghai 1.36 1.36 1.38 1.37 1.40 1.49 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.45 1.63

Jiangsu 1.32 1.33 1.33 1.31 1.40 1.47 1.48 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.44 1.50

Zhejiang 1.37 1.39 1.40 1.40 1.45 1.52 1.52 1.53 1.53 1.48 1.61 1.65

Anhui 1.29 1.32 1.28 1.26 1.34 1.44 1.44 1.42 1.43 1.38 1.42 1.46

Fujian 1.46 1.46 1.48 1.45 1.48 1.54 1.54 1.56 1.55 1.52 1.67 1.74

Jiangxi 1.44 1.40 1.46 1.47 1.50 1.52 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.56 1.59 1.65

Shandong 1.15 1.18 1.17 1.20 1.32 1.39 1.43 1.42 1.38 1.24 1.40 1.47

Henan 1.13 1.14 1.14 1.17 1.27 1.35 1.38 1.41 1.35 1.18 1.22 1.39

Hubei 1.35 1.35 1.37 1.34 1.41 1.46 1.57 1.51 1.46 1.43 1.39 1.55

Hunan 1.40 1.43 1.44 1.49 1.47 1.54 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.51 1.53 1.64

Guangdong 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.55 1.59 1.61 1.63 1.65 1.65 1.61 1.73 1.81

Guangxi 1.49 1.51 1.49 1.48 1.51 1.59 1.59 1.57 1.56 1.55 1.57 1.66

Hainan 1.65 1.66 1.69 1.61 1.62 1.61 1.61 1.64 1.63 1.68 1.73 1.83

Chongqing 1.32 1.31 1.34 1.29 1.32 1.37 1.37 1.41 1.46 1.47 1.43 1.51

Sichuan 1.35 1.38 1.39 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.46 1.42 1.47 1.55 1.48 1.63

Guizhou 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.36 1.36 1.38 1.38 1.40 1.40 1.34 1.35 1.36

Yunnan 1.39 1.40 1.39 1.37 1.37 1.39 1.39 1.41 1.39 1.38 1.39 1.40

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.13 1.11 1.14 1.19 1.20 1.33 1.32 1.35 1.34 1.26 1.22 1.38

Gansu 1.10 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.21 1.25 1.31 1.32 1.35 1.34 1.31 1.37

Qinghai 1.23 1.37 1.15 1.20 1.62 1.33 1.39 1.49 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.55

Ningxia 1.10 1.15 1.17 1.24 1.23 1.18 1.28 1.23 1.24 1.21 1.45

Xinjiang 1.08 1.08 1.10 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.20 1.30 1.22 1.17 1.18 1.28


Beijing 1.44 1.47 1.44 1.47 1.51 1.61 1.62 1.62 1.59 1.59 1.63 1.67

Tianjin 1.25 1.39 1.41 1.44 1.48 1.62 1.61 1.60 1.63 1.59 1.60 1.67

Hebei 1.43 1.41 1.41 1.43 1.46 1.54 1.57 1.55 1.57 1.58 1.58 1.64

Shanxi 1.35 1.36 1.38 1.41 1.42 1.45 1.47 1.51 1.55 1.55 1.56 1.66

Inner Mongolia 1.36 1.39 1.35 1.35 1.33 1.52 1.44 1.43 1.45 1.52 1.53 1.57

Liaoning 1.38 1.36 1.36 1.38 1.43 1.50 1.52 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.52 1.54

Jilin 1.23 1.22 1.20 1.19 1.27 1.40 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.43

Heilongjiang 1.15 1.15 1.13 1.14 1.23 1.36 1.39 1.43 1.42 1.39 1.41 1.31

Shanghai 1.65 1.66 1.68 1.69 1.67 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.78 1.77 1.88 1.94

Jiangsu 1.53 1.55 1.59 1.63 1.64 1.69 1.72 1.72 1.76 1.76 1.78 1.91

Zhejiang 1.68 1.67 1.69 1.68 1.72 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.80 1.79 1.93 1.93

Anhui 1.49 1.43 1.56 1.58 1.58 1.62 1.68 1.69 1.71 1.66 1.76 1.87

Fujian 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.70 1.72 1.75 1.80 1.80 1.83 1.86 1.96 2.04

Jiangxi 1.65 1.68 1.69 1.66 1.71 1.77 1.77 1.83 1.85 1.86 1.90 1.97

Shandong 1.48 1.49 1.53 1.55 1.55 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.62 1.60 1.69 1.76

Henan 1.40 1.41 1.43 1.47 1.54 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.53 1.69

Hubei 1.56 1.57 1.60 1.61 1.64 1.69 1.71 1.71 1.70 1.72 1.73 1.83

Hunan 1.66 1.68 1.69 1.68 1.68 1.74 1.76 1.78 1.78 1.80 1.82 2.02

Guangdong 1.81 1.86 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.86 1.91 1.92 1.95 1.95 1.96 2.04

Guangxi 1.72 1.77 1.79 1.78 1.76 1.78 1.81 1.78 1.78 1.79 1.83 1.94

Hainan 1.91 1.91 1.84 1.85 1.84 1.99 2.00 2.02 2.02 2.08 2.16 2.12

Chongqing 1.50 1.56 1.60 1.61 1.60 1.62 1.61 1.58 1.57 1.60 1.66 1.70

Sichuan 1.69 1.57 1.73 1.64 1.65 1.82 1.84 1.83 1.75 1.87 1.73 1.90

Guizhou 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.47 1.44 1.52 1.51 1.53 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.65

Yunnan 1.44 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.54 1.61 1.62 1.64 1.67 1.63 1.65 1.71

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.42 1.44 1.39 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.50 1.52 1.53 1.50 1.49 1.56

Gansu 1.37 1.40 1.43 1.47 1.38 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.55 1.56 1.60 1.63

Qinghai 1.64 1.80 1.54 1.53 1.50 1.60 1.88 1.58 1.61 1.78 1.77 1.79

Ningxia 1.47 1.43 1.45 1.43 1.48 1.47 1.40 1.46 1.54 1.59 1.59 1.60

Xinjiang 1.24 1.31 1.37 1.41 1.35 1.50 1.52 1.52 1.54 1.51 1.53 1.56


70


Beijing 1.65 1.63 1.60 1.60 1.61 1.66 1.68 1.69 1.66 1.62 1.59 1.56

Tianjin 1.63 1.62 1.59 1.57 1.60 1.64 1.64 1.66 1.65 1.59 1.52 1.39

Hebei 1.64 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.62 1.61 1.56 1.48 1.38

Shanxi 1.65 1.65 1.60 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.54 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.45

Inner Mongolia 1.53 1.52 1.50 1.47 1.52 1.57 1.64 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.60 1.54

Liaoning 1.50 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.56 1.62 1.64 1.65 1.65 1.64 1.57 1.46

Jilin 1.39 1.28 1.32 1.35 1.49 1.56 1.57 1.59 1.61 1.61 1.56 1.49

Heilongjiang 1.32 1.28 1.29 1.31 1.40 1.51 1.55 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.43 1.38

Shanghai 1.90 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.85 1.89 1.92 1.91 1.91 1.86 1.76 1.67

Jiangsu 1.87 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.81 1.84 1.86 1.83 1.82 1.76 1.68 1.61

Zhejiang 1.94 1.98 1.94 1.88 1.90 1.91 1.93 1.93 1.91 1.88 1.81 1.71

Anhui 1.87 1.87 1.85 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.88 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.72 1.66

Fujian 1.98 2.01 1.97 1.89 1.95 1.98 1.99 1.97 1.96 1.93 1.85 1.75

Jiangxi 1.97 2.06 2.08 2.05 2.00 2.03 2.07 2.06 2.04 1.97 1.91 1.86

Shandong 1.73 1.74 1.72 1.67 1.66 1.67 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.60 1.50 1.42

Henan 1.68 1.69 1.69 1.67 1.64 1.64 1.66 1.65 1.63 1.57 1.49 1.43

Hubei 1.87 1.87 1.89 1.88 1.85 1.87 1.89 1.87 1.86 1.81 1.74 1.65

Hunan 2.02 2.11 2.09 2.02 2.01 2.02 2.05 2.05 1.99 1.91 1.84 1.80

Guangdong 2.04 2.12 2.13 2.04 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.10 2.03 1.96 1.88 1.81

Guangxi 1.98 2.06 2.04 2.00 2.03 2.07 2.08 2.02 1.98 1.92 1.86 1.82

Hainan 2.21 2.29 2.20 2.11 2.16 2.26 2.30 2.29 2.23 2.17 2.09 2.03

Chongqing 1.73 1.77 1.77 1.79 1.81 1.81 1.75 1.67 1.70 1.67 1.65 1.61

Sichuan 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.94 1.88 1.87 1.83 1.78 1.76

Guizhou 1.76 1.87 1.84 1.85 1.83 1.82 1.81 1.78 1.76 1.72 1.69 1.68

Yunnan 1.75 1.75 1.81 1.89 1.92 1.95 1.97 2.00 1.98 1.83 1.74 1.62

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.52 1.50 1.51 1.56 1.58 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.43

Gansu 1.58 1.57 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.54 1.58 1.57 1.57 1.58 1.55 1.48

Qinghai 1.80 1.77 1.84 1.83 1.83 1.85 1.87 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.84 1.78

Ningxia 1.49 1.48 1.46 1.42 1.42 1.53 1.60 1.60 1.56 1.55 1.42 1.37

Xinjiang 1.54 1.54 1.62 1.63 1.61 1.62 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.65 1.49 1.41


Beijing 1.47 1.42 1.43 1.52 1.56 1.60 1.71 1.80 1.82 1.73 1.73 1.80

Tianjin 1.34 1.34 1.43 1.50 1.55 1.63 1.74 1.83 1.84 1.68 1.67 1.74

Hebei 1.35 1.35 1.42 1.46 1.50 1.54 1.64 1.76 1.85 1.77 1.74 1.77

Shanxi 1.35 1.29 1.27 1.31 1.35 1.42 1.54 1.63 1.72 1.73 1.72 1.73

Inner Mongolia 1.49 1.49 1.51 1.52 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.65 1.67 1.66 1.65

Liaoning 1.36 1.36 1.40 1.48 1.55 1.56 1.58 1.63 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.69

Jilin 1.46 1.45 1.48 1.56 1.59 1.57 1.57 1.60 1.65 1.69 1.66 1.62

Heilongjiang 1.33 1.32 1.35 1.42 1.48 1.51 1.53 1.54 1.60 1.60 1.56 1.54

Shanghai 1.61 1.61 1.69 1.71 1.72 1.81 1.89 1.95 2.00 1.98 1.97 2.02

Jiangsu 1.56 1.54 1.58 1.59 1.61 1.70 1.85 1.92 1.96 1.83 1.85 1.90

Zhejiang 1.65 1.65 1.69 1.71 1.74 1.78 1.84 1.91 1.96 1.96 1.95 2.00

Anhui 1.56 1.51 1.53 1.53 1.55 1.62 1.78 1.87 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.90

Fujian 1.72 1.69 1.73 1.76 1.78 1.83 1.88 1.94 2.04 1.99 2.03 2.08

Jiangxi 1.85 1.82 1.80 1.79 1.78 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.97 2.00 2.00 2.05

Shandong 1.35 1.37 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.60 1.75 1.85 1.90 1.75 1.77 1.85

Henan 1.35 1.34 1.39 1.41 1.42 1.49 1.66 1.78 1.84 1.68 1.68 1.75

Hubei 1.61 1.59 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.72 1.80 1.85 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.90

Hunan 1.77 1.76 1.77 1.77 1.76 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.93 1.98 2.01 2.08

Guangdong 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.80 1.78 1.85 1.90 1.97 2.04 2.04 2.05 2.13

Guangxi 1.80 1.79 1.78 1.80 1.80 1.81 1.85 1.85 1.94 2.00 2.02 2.07

Hainan 1.97 1.96 1.96 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.02 2.08 2.18 2.21 2.19 2.25

Chongqing 1.61 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.59 1.61 1.65 1.72 1.80 1.93

Sichuan 1.75 1.75 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.73 1.76 1.78 1.81 1.86 1.91 2.00

Guizhou 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.67 1.70 1.76 1.86 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.97 2.04

Yunnan 1.59 1.62 1.65 1.68 1.72 1.74 1.80 1.87 1.85 1.80 1.78 1.88

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.34 1.29 1.29 1.33 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.58 1.60 1.54 1.55 1.67

Gansu 1.42 1.38 1.37 1.44 1.47 1.49 1.55 1.61 1.71 1.74 1.71 1.72

Qinghai 1.70 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.75 1.77 1.79 1.78 1.80 1.83 1.80 1.75

Ningxia 1.21 1.23 1.34 1.48 1.53 1.53 1.59 1.66 1.78 1.63 1.60 1.67

Xinjiang 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.42 1.49 1.59 1.73 1.84 1.91 1.71 1.66 1.71


71


Beijing 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.82 1.91 2.00 1.98 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.01

Tianjin 1.76 1.76 1.75 1.80 1.93 2.00 1.99 2.00 1.99 1.94 1.98 1.98

Hebei 1.78 1.79 1.77 1.80 1.88 1.94 1.93 1.95 1.96 1.91 1.93 1.93

Shanxi 1.74 1.73 1.74 1.80 1.88 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.91 1.93 1.93

Inner Mongolia 1.67 1.69 1.71 1.77 1.80 1.90 1.95 1.96 1.98 1.98 1.98 2.03

Liaoning 1.68 1.66 1.66 1.72 1.81 1.88 1.88 1.91 1.95 1.88 1.95 2.00

Jilin 1.54 1.59 1.59 1.63 1.72 1.78 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.78 1.80 1.86

Heilongjiang 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.57 1.65 1.73 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.73 1.76 1.79

Shanghai 2.02 2.00 2.02 2.09 2.16 2.19 2.16 2.18 2.18 2.19 2.24 2.25

Jiangsu 1.92 1.92 1.94 2.02 2.10 2.13 2.14 2.14 2.15 2.07 2.10 2.12

Zhejiang 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.20 2.18 2.22 2.24

Anhui 1.94 1.95 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.09 2.12 2.10 2.10 2.03 2.05 2.08

Fujian 2.08 2.07 2.08 2.12 2.15 2.22 2.22 2.26 2.24 2.25 2.35 2.33

Jiangxi 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.11 2.13 2.21 2.23 2.21 2.22 2.25 2.29 2.30

Shandong 1.84 1.83 1.83 1.86 1.95 2.01 1.99 2.01 2.04 1.97 2.04 2.02

Henan 1.78 1.78 1.80 1.86 1.92 2.00 2.02 2.02 1.98 1.89 1.92 1.95

Hubei 1.92 1.93 1.98 2.06 2.14 2.18 2.18 2.17 2.14 2.15 2.18 2.20

Hunan 2.09 2.07 2.06 2.07 2.12 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.23 2.26 2.26

Guangdong 2.11 2.11 2.13 2.20 2.20 2.26 2.29 2.31 2.29 2.29 2.33 2.32

Guangxi 2.10 2.10 2.11 2.16 2.18 2.23 2.23 2.26 2.25 2.28 2.31 2.33

Hainan 2.29 2.25 2.25 2.33 2.35 2.38 2.38 2.45 2.47 2.47 2.50 2.54

Chongqing 2.01 2.02 2.07 2.11 2.20 2.27 2.20 2.13 2.15 2.18 2.20 2.22

Sichuan 2.04 2.04 2.07 2.09 2.15 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.19 2.21 2.24 2.27

Guizhou 2.12 2.14 2.22 2.29 2.31 2.33 2.35 2.39 2.33 2.29 2.29 2.33

Yunnan 1.94 1.99 2.16 2.25 2.24 2.24 2.27 2.32 2.29 2.22 2.22 2.27

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.71 1.73 1.78 1.90 1.97 2.02 2.06 2.06 2.03 1.94 1.92 1.95

Gansu 1.73 1.75 1.80 1.89 1.97 2.08 2.13 2.15 2.13 2.09 2.10 2.08

Qinghai 1.83 1.90 1.93 1.97 2.00 2.00 2.04 2.06 2.10 2.15 2.14 2.19

Ningxia 1.73 1.78 1.82 1.96 2.06 2.08 2.08 2.10 2.09 2.01 2.04 2.04

Xinjiang 1.80 1.84 1.88 1.92 1.95 1.95 1.98 2.00 2.00 1.94 1.92 1.92


Beijing 1.99 2.00 2.01 2.08 2.13 2.22 2.30 2.36 2.39 2.33 2.26 2.26

Tianjin 1.96 1.95 2.02 2.04 2.13 2.29 2.36 2.41 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.28

Hebei 1.91 1.93 2.00 2.03 2.09 2.19 2.28 2.32 2.41 2.40 2.32 2.24

Shanxi 1.91 1.92 1.94 1.97 2.00 2.09 2.16 2.24 2.34 2.37 2.33 2.33

Inner Mongolia 2.01 2.01 2.02 2.04 2.08 2.15 2.19 2.20 2.23 2.27 2.26 2.21

Liaoning 1.94 1.93 1.95 1.99 2.06 2.20 2.26 2.28 2.31 2.33 2.29 2.23

Jilin 1.87 1.87 1.90 1.97 2.07 2.15 2.20 2.24 2.28 2.30 2.22 2.13

Heilongjiang 1.80 1.81 1.85 1.92 1.98 2.07 2.12 2.15 2.22 2.21 2.14 2.03

Shanghai 2.22 2.23 2.28 2.32 2.38 2.47 2.53 2.58 2.72 2.75 2.60 2.59

Jiangsu 2.11 2.14 2.22 2.25 2.31 2.38 2.44 2.54 2.65 2.56 2.35 2.37

Zhejiang 2.25 2.26 2.30 2.33 2.37 2.45 2.54 2.56 2.65 2.67 2.52 2.48

Anhui 2.08 2.09 2.18 2.22 2.25 2.32 2.44 2.52 2.61 2.50 2.42 2.44

Fujian 2.32 2.32 2.35 2.37 2.44 2.52 2.54 2.59 2.76 2.73 2.64 2.54

Jiangxi 2.31 2.34 2.36 2.36 2.38 2.47 2.56 2.61 2.68 2.71 2.68 2.63

Shandong 2.00 2.03 2.11 2.12 2.19 2.27 2.35 2.43 2.50 2.41 2.28 2.25

Henan 1.95 1.97 2.04 2.08 2.11 2.20 2.31 2.39 2.48 2.36 2.23 2.23

Hubei 2.19 2.23 2.28 2.30 2.29 2.38 2.46 2.48 2.54 2.58 2.49 2.46

Hunan 2.26 2.29 2.33 2.37 2.40 2.46 2.51 2.56 2.63 2.67 2.65 2.60

Guangdong 2.33 2.37 2.40 2.42 2.45 2.54 2.63 2.64 2.73 2.73 2.65 2.60

Guangxi 2.33 2.35 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.43 2.51 2.54 2.58 2.63 2.62 2.58

Hainan 2.57 2.59 2.54 2.57 2.57 2.66 2.76 2.79 2.83 2.88 2.88 2.86

Chongqing 2.24 2.27 2.25 2.27 2.27 2.26 2.28 2.25 2.28 2.36 2.40 2.40

Sichuan 2.28 2.31 2.33 2.37 2.35 2.38 2.46 2.46 2.44 2.49 2.48 2.47

Guizhou 2.32 2.31 2.32 2.30 2.28 2.26 2.25 2.27 2.32 2.37 2.44 2.45

Yunnan 2.26 2.23 2.26 2.23 2.21 2.23 2.26 2.26 2.30 2.27 2.24 2.24

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.94 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.96 2.02 2.08 2.14 2.18 2.17 2.12 2.16

Gansu 2.01 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.04 2.10 2.18 2.23 2.27 2.30 2.33 2.27

Qinghai 2.17 2.19 2.26 2.32 2.38 2.48 2.62 2.65 2.64 2.68 2.66 2.58

Ningxia 2.06 2.07 2.06 2.08 2.10 2.13 2.22 2.25 2.32 2.24 2.19 2.16

Xinjiang 1.92 1.93 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.97 2.04 2.07 2.03 1.97 1.93 1.93


72

Exhibit 126: Soybean Meal Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 1.70 1.70 1.99 2.00 1.96 2.25 2.30 2.18 2.30 2.35 2.14 2.08

Tianjin 1.62 1.62 3.10 2.02 2.10 2.40 2.20 2.25 2.05 2.12 1.90 1.85

Hebei 1.78 1.35 1.75 1.91 1.84 1.90 2.01 2.09 2.00 2.00 1.99 2.02

Shanxi 1.71 1.00 1.73 1.79 2.00 2.24 1.89 1.99 1.83 2.06 1.98 2.12

Inner Mongolia 2.07 1.88 2.06 2.21 2.35 2.45 2.50 2.12 2.52 2.35 2.22 2.41

Liaoning 1.64 1.69 1.86 1.91 1.92 1.98 2.18 2.32 2.04 1.97 1.91 1.81

Jilin 1.72 1.58 1.99 1.77 1.87 1.91 1.90 2.32 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.86

Heilongjiang 1.25 1.25 1.30 1.86 1.50 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.50 1.80

Shanghai 1.76 1.75 1.68 1.69 1.98 2.19 2.44 2.40 2.14 2.19 2.10

Jiangsu 1.54 1.84 2.01 1.99 2.09 2.16 2.23 2.26 2.11 2.11 2.29 2.06

Zhejiang 1.78 1.86 2.03 2.03 2.23 2.37 2.31 2.13 2.19 2.09 2.11 2.18

Anhui 1.76 1.82 2.08 2.07 2.25 2.45 2.41 2.36 2.18 2.25 2.23 2.27

Fujian 1.88 1.92 2.05 2.83 2.16 3.00 2.44 2.36 2.42 2.39 2.25 2.41

Jiangxi 2.05 2.13 2.18 2.21 2.27 2.45 2.48 2.46 2.42 2.36 2.29 2.26

Shandong 1.60 1.69 1.93 1.93 2.03 2.19 2.11 2.00 1.97 1.90 1.85 1.92

Henan 1.91 1.89 2.31 2.13 2.23 2.46 2.30 2.23 2.20 2.15 2.11 2.11

Hubei 2.13 2.15 2.25 2.25 2.29 2.44 2.38 2.35 2.29 2.28 2.27 2.35

Hunan 2.08 2.08 2.05 2.04 2.27 2.30 2.33 2.30 2.39 2.40 2.29 2.15

Guangdong 1.92 1.98 2.07 2.03 2.10 2.32 2.27 2.20 2.16 2.19 2.20 2.16

Guangxi 2.04 2.06 2.04 2.10 2.20 2.50 2.65 2.26 2.53 2.40 2.45 2.27

Hainan 2.32 2.59 2.65 2.51 2.57 2.56 2.70 2.66 2.64 2.56 2.48 2.53

Chongqing 2.70 2.13 2.50 2.60 2.85 3.47 3.75 3.90 4.10 2.75 2.75

Sichuan 2.08 2.03 1.74 2.36 2.61 2.58 2.46 2.34 2.29 2.38 2.37 2.38

Guizhou 2.12 2.60 2.60 2.59 2.66 2.85 2.83 0.97 2.52 2.80 2.47 2.62

Yunnan 2.55 2.57 2.77 2.77 2.78 2.77 2.97 2.90 2.82 2.82 2.84 2.91

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.45 2.53 2.65 2.34 2.42 2.17 2.90 2.50 2.65 2.55 2.57 2.45

Gansu 2.20 2.24 2.07 2.29 2.33 2.05 2.37 2.48 2.42 2.41 2.30 2.34

Qinghai 1.60 1.74 1.70 1.97 1.77 2.03 2.08 2.18 2.41 2.16 2.21 2.20

Ningxia 1.90 1.90 2.00 2.20 1.68 2.10 2.22

Xinjiang 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70


Beijing 2.00 2.25 2.40 2.00 1.85 1.47 2.13 2.20 2.19 2.16 1.87 1.82

Tianjin 2.06 2.35 2.00 2.08 2.07 1.74 1.90 1.85 1.68 1.67

Hebei 1.99 2.02 2.04 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.90 1.95 1.91 1.85 1.81 1.60

Shanxi 2.04 2.07 2.29 2.07 2.05 2.07 2.06 2.23 2.24 2.16 1.99 2.09

Inner Mongolia 2.15 2.46 2.50 2.28 2.23 2.29 2.45 2.45 2.20 2.40 2.30 2.20

Liaoning 1.96 1.96 1.91 1.77 1.79 1.81 1.88 1.84 1.85 1.83 1.74 1.75

Jilin 1.98 1.89 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.92 1.84 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.73

Heilongjiang 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.80 1.80

Shanghai 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.09 1.94 1.96 1.96 2.02 1.99 1.93 1.86 1.81

Jiangsu 2.07 2.04 2.03 1.95 1.92 1.74 2.02 1.96 1.33 1.89 1.83 1.77

Zhejiang 2.20 2.17 2.12 2.02 1.92 1.90 2.02 2.00 1.93 1.90 1.95 1.84

Anhui 2.24 2.33 2.09 2.16 2.10 2.10 2.05 2.07 2.05 1.99 1.89 1.84

Fujian 2.25 2.24 2.26 2.18 2.04 2.13 2.35 2.25 2.07 2.13 2.27 2.08

Jiangxi 2.29 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.29 2.27 2.29 2.35 2.38 2.31 2.22 2.16

Shandong 1.93 1.94 1.93 1.85 1.73 1.74 1.82 1.68 1.70 1.77 1.76 1.77

Henan 2.09 2.10 2.10 2.06 1.99 1.97 2.03 2.00 2.01 1.95 1.94 1.97

Hubei 2.35 2.31 2.30 2.30 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.18 2.17 2.15

Hunan 2.41 2.28 2.07 2.30 2.36 2.26 2.18 2.12 1.96 2.29 2.03 2.19

Guangdong 2.32 2.24 2.17 2.14 2.07 2.10 2.14 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.99

Guangxi 2.32 2.40 2.56 2.78 2.62 2.72 2.86 2.70 2.33 2.31 2.83 2.27

Hainan 2.41 2.56 2.41 2.38 2.36 2.38 2.38 2.37 2.27 2.19 2.07 2.14

Chongqing 2.30 3.20 2.46 2.55 2.50 2.50 2.55 2.25 2.25

Sichuan 2.46 2.27 1.93 2.29 2.79 2.23 2.65 3.01 2.60 2.37 2.55 2.25

Guizhou 2.57 2.40 2.30 2.03 2.22 2.13 2.30 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.64 2.32

Yunnan 2.87 2.77 2.73 2.69 2.67 2.65 2.65 2.66 2.49 2.61 2.60 2.58

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.60 2.57 2.70 2.57 2.75 2.60 2.57 2.70 2.50 2.70 2.70 2.60

Gansu 2.45 2.43 2.46 2.43 2.55 2.34 2.33 2.39 2.38 2.33 2.34 2.40

Qinghai 2.35 2.28 2.28 1.29 2.20 2.08 2.05 2.05 2.13 2.10 2.05

Ningxia 0.00

Xinjiang 1.70 2.20 2.46 2.39 2.27 1.98 1.55 0.80 2.17


73


Beijing 1.76 1.70 1.73 1.74 1.91 1.94 1.95 2.06 2.07 2.12 2.03 2.22

Tianjin 1.68 1.68 1.66 1.62 1.91 1.90 1.95 1.78 2.17 2.08 2.00 2.12

Hebei 1.81 1.89 1.73 1.77 1.88 1.80 1.92 2.14 2.28 2.24 2.07 2.30

Shanxi 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.73 2.06 2.04 1.90 2.24 2.35 2.42 2.34 2.18

Inner Mongolia 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.10 2.19 2.07 2.07 2.25 2.57 2.41 2.40 2.36

Liaoning 1.71 1.72 1.72 1.66 1.78 1.81 1.81 1.89 2.02 1.91 1.91 2.06

Jilin 1.68 1.68 1.81 1.74 1.78 1.81 1.88 1.87 1.97 1.94 1.96 1.95

Heilongjiang 1.75 1.80 1.70 1.72 1.76 1.79 1.83 2.03 2.16 2.08 2.09 1.91

Shanghai 1.60 1.79 1.49 1.80 1.79 1.99 2.01 1.95 2.10 2.06 2.01 2.00

Jiangsu 1.77 1.89 1.81 1.74 1.95 1.98 2.03 2.15 2.16 2.04 2.08 2.25

Zhejiang 1.74 1.78 1.81 1.77 1.96 2.05 2.02 2.20 2.31 2.10 2.16 2.31

Anhui 1.77 1.83 1.84 1.83 1.84 2.03 2.01 2.13 2.18 2.03 2.10 2.15

Fujian 1.97 2.21 2.07 1.96 1.88 2.13 2.02 2.12 2.40 2.25 2.14 2.28

Jiangxi 2.15 2.14 2.18 2.17 2.18 2.26 2.31 2.34 2.41 2.26 2.34 2.38

Shandong 1.76 1.68 1.74 1.71 1.87 1.83 1.89 1.99 2.17 1.94 1.96 2.14

Henan 1.90 1.98 1.99 1.84 2.04 2.02 1.99 2.17 2.26 2.10 2.12 2.28

Hubei 2.12 2.11 2.09 2.02 2.00 2.02 2.05 2.18 2.22 2.20 2.20 2.23

Hunan 2.21 2.19 2.13 2.07 2.20 2.22 2.29 2.24 2.35 2.41 2.32 2.26

Guangdong 2.00 2.05 2.06 2.00 2.04 2.11 2.11 2.16 2.29 2.19 2.18 2.28

Guangxi 2.25 2.28 2.25 2.14 2.18 2.19 2.14 2.20 2.20 2.14 2.33 2.34

Hainan 2.17 2.16 2.16 2.20 2.20 2.28 2.29 2.27 2.35 2.33 2.36 2.34

Chongqing 1.80 1.85 1.82 1.82 2.03 2.03 2.04 2.11 2.57 2.22 2.32 1.99

Sichuan 2.38 2.60 2.20 2.42 2.53 2.49 2.46 2.42 2.49 2.39 2.33 2.27

Guizhou 2.56 2.49 2.39 2.38 2.47 2.47 2.44 2.46 2.58 2.53 2.53 2.57

Yunnan 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.65 2.67 2.42 2.71 2.66 2.69 2.71

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.55 2.55 2.55 1.70 2.45 2.38 2.06 2.75 2.76 2.78 2.50

Gansu 2.37 2.43 2.36 2.34 2.26 2.29 2.28 2.32 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.58

Qinghai 2.10 2.15 2.00 2.00 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.85 1.83 1.67 1.60

Ningxia 2.00 2.00 1.90 1.90 2.00 2.00 1.93 1.93 1.90 1.90

Xinjiang 2.05 2.13 2.18 2.16 1.89 2.25 2.23 2.30 2.33 2.11 2.48


Beijing 2.30 2.29 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.25 2.21 2.17 2.25 2.59 2.71 2.80

Tianjin 2.19 2.18 2.17 2.17 2.34 2.30 2.28 2.28 2.22 2.72 2.71 2.87

Hebei 2.24 2.26 2.24 2.30 2.27 2.32 2.16 2.21 2.24 2.59 2.81 2.78

Shanxi 2.40 2.33 2.09 2.23 2.22 2.28 2.16 2.49 2.48 2.59 2.95 3.00

Inner Mongolia 2.41 2.25 2.43 2.29 2.34 2.31 2.30 2.60 2.34 2.31 2.42 2.38

Liaoning 2.08 2.07 0.93 2.04 2.03 2.08 2.11 2.13 2.14 2.57 2.69 2.57

Jilin 2.18 2.12 2.29 2.27 2.29 2.29 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.99 2.95

Heilongjiang 2.01 2.05 2.08 2.11 2.17 2.19 2.38 2.17 2.17 2.54 2.60 2.52

Shanghai 2.01 2.05 1.78 2.03 2.29 2.15 2.20 2.19 2.29 2.40 3.10 2.91

Jiangsu 2.24 2.16 2.14 2.18 2.26 2.18 2.28 2.25 2.34 2.83 2.96 2.91

Zhejiang 2.20 2.11 2.09 2.21 2.21 2.20 2.23 2.22 2.35 2.84 2.99 2.73

Anhui 2.15 2.27 2.21 2.31 2.35 2.33 2.66 2.37 2.42 2.90 2.97 2.75

Fujian 2.34 2.28 2.22 2.28 2.37 2.33 2.30 2.29 2.40 2.78 3.01 2.94

Jiangxi 2.36 2.28 2.33 2.32 2.33 2.30 2.33 2.29 2.36 2.65 3.06

Shandong 2.13 2.07 2.08 2.15 2.21 2.18 2.14 2.17 2.26 2.74 2.86 2.85

Henan 2.29 2.26 2.21 2.26 2.30 2.29 2.26 2.27 2.35 2.89 2.98 2.89

Hubei 2.15 2.25 2.21 2.23 2.25 2.21 2.24 2.26 2.49 2.74 3.05 2.86

Hunan 2.43 2.44 2.38 2.36 2.40 2.39 2.50 2.38 2.49 2.62 2.95 2.86

Guangdong 2.30 2.27 2.27 2.19 2.31 2.31 2.28 2.29 2.36 2.80 2.99 2.81

Guangxi 2.30 2.28 2.29 2.28 2.28 2.29 2.33 2.39 2.62 2.83 2.84 2.82

Hainan 2.36 2.44 2.39 2.42 2.37 2.38 2.38 2.48 2.48 2.47 3.01 2.80

Chongqing 2.39 2.43 2.48 2.52 2.57 2.35 2.43 2.41 2.45 2.70 3.08 3.19

Sichuan 2.51 2.22 2.32 2.45 2.25 2.43 2.43 2.12 2.62 2.27 2.66 2.72

Guizhou 2.99 2.62 2.54 2.54 2.64 2.49 2.51 2.55 2.51 2.63 3.02 3.19

Yunnan 2.55 2.57 2.62 2.61 2.48 2.69 2.62 2.63 2.65 2.80 3.05 2.96

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.42 2.53 2.55 2.36 2.37 2.40

Gansu 2.59 2.85 2.58 2.69 2.67 2.49 2.35 2.38 2.38 2.30 3.08 2.84

Qinghai 1.52 1.65 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.70 1.80 2.40 2.40 3.40 3.50 3.20

Ningxia 2.06 2.50 2.29 2.30 2.40 2.33 2.35 2.47 2.47 2.83 3.07 3.07

Xinjiang 2.44 2.15 2.46 2.52 2.53 2.64 2.59 2.52 2.55 2.75 2.72 2.75


74


Beijing 2.74 2.73 3.04 3.20 3.08 2.70 2.89 2.83 2.98 2.93 2.85 2.66

Tianjin 2.74 2.76 3.25 3.58 3.10 2.80 3.02 2.84 2.96 2.82 3.11 3.00

Hebei 2.77 2.71 3.09 3.39 3.23 3.09 3.13 3.00 3.09 2.94 2.63 2.56

Shanxi 2.97 2.62 2.89 3.32 3.35 3.19 3.22 3.19 3.28 3.21 3.08 2.93

Inner Mongolia 2.25 2.41 2.31 2.50 2.63 2.66 2.63 2.66 2.83 2.74 2.61 2.57

Liaoning 2.62 2.48 2.76 3.38 3.29 3.08 3.08 3.09 3.00 2.94 2.64 2.56

Jilin 2.91 2.77 2.99 3.33 3.30 3.23 3.15 2.85 3.02 3.05 2.81 2.73

Heilongjiang 2.47 2.45 2.65 2.94 2.90 2.96 2.73 2.86 3.01 2.96 2.72 2.72

Shanghai 2.84 2.90 3.05 3.60 3.53 3.04 2.86 2.97 2.90 2.97 2.63 2.48

Jiangsu 2.97 2.94 3.16 3.43 3.24 3.01 3.02 2.95 3.03 3.02 2.88 2.77

Zhejiang 2.92 2.87 3.27 3.59 3.37 2.95 3.06 2.85 3.01 2.90 2.72 2.52

Anhui 2.52 2.71 3.03 3.52 3.32 2.97 3.04 2.83 2.99 2.88 2.54 2.57

Fujian 2.90 2.91 3.41 3.68 3.51 3.28 3.31 3.09 3.24 3.00 2.82 2.69

Jiangxi 2.88 2.99 3.30 3.49 3.28 3.03 3.19 3.12 3.22 3.10 2.93 2.89

Shandong 2.74 2.73 3.17 3.49 3.38 2.85 2.91 2.84 2.97 2.79 2.52 2.46

Henan 2.91 2.86 3.27 3.49 3.34 3.04 3.02 3.07 3.15 2.92 2.67 2.69

Hubei 2.86 2.85 3.20 3.49 3.54 3.29 3.20 3.16 3.33 3.25 2.89 2.87

Hunan 2.83 3.02 3.16 3.45 3.37 3.16 3.22 3.22 3.25 3.35 2.98 2.96

Guangdong 2.78 2.75 2.97 3.31 3.20 2.99 3.06 3.03 3.06 3.04 2.80 2.69

Guangxi 2.86 2.88 3.19 3.35 3.26 3.24 3.26 3.30 3.30 3.34 3.14 3.15

Hainan 2.88 2.87 2.97 3.11 3.14 2.99 2.98 2.95 2.88 2.84 2.66 2.67

Chongqing 3.26 3.33 3.48 3.63 3.53 3.43 3.23 3.14 3.56 3.38 3.02 2.89

Sichuan 2.44 2.67 2.81 3.18 3.17 3.15 3.26 3.13 3.37 3.51 3.41 3.50

Guizhou 3.13 2.99 3.20 3.40 3.46 3.46 3.55 3.53 3.54 3.35 3.48 3.47

Yunnan 2.91 3.06 3.25 3.60 3.58 3.40 3.35 3.60 3.49 3.44 3.68 3.16

Tibet

Shaanxi 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.25 3.30 3.38 3.28 3.25 3.36 3.45 3.05 3.23

Gansu 2.88 2.70 2.97 3.03 3.23 2.98 2.93 3.12 3.12 2.99 2.86 2.80

Qinghai 3.20 2.95 2.96 3.50 3.30 3.20 2.38 3.20 3.10 3.10 3.05

Ningxia 3.35 3.08 3.08 3.53 3.53 3.75 3.75 3.80 3.88 3.88 3.54 3.59

Xinjiang 2.52 2.61 2.18 2.65 2.48 3.04 3.02 2.85 3.45 3.18 3.10 2.90


Beijing 2.69 2.70 2.75 2.74 2.75 2.77 2.79 2.71 3.36 3.19 2.72 2.54

Tianjin 2.45 2.50 2.85 2.67 2.62 2.70 2.77 2.74 2.51 2.57 2.50 2.58

Hebei 2.56 2.44 2.87 2.83 3.10 2.84 2.85 2.84 2.79 2.76 2.67 2.63

Shanxi 2.84 2.89 2.85 2.87 2.79 2.87 2.84 2.80 2.81 2.81 2.76 2.73

Inner Mongolia 2.60 2.79 2.70 2.78 2.70 2.82 2.75 2.67 2.73 2.73 2.70 2.69

Liaoning 2.45 2.41 2.62 2.67 2.71 2.63 2.67 2.67 2.69 2.57 2.39 2.41

Jilin 2.74 2.72 2.80 2.84 2.85 2.83 2.80 2.88 2.89 2.82 2.78 2.68

Heilongjiang 2.66 2.42 2.53 2.60 2.59 2.60 2.51 2.52 2.50 2.57 2.70 2.66

Shanghai 2.27 2.19 2.27 2.96 2.81 2.72 2.78 2.69 2.63 2.62 2.64 2.45

Jiangsu 2.71 2.55 2.91 2.88 2.82 2.97 2.87 2.85 2.84 2.85 2.80 2.71

Zhejiang 2.53 2.54 2.94 2.83 2.70 2.72 2.79 2.72 2.68 2.69 2.59 2.50

Anhui 2.58 2.56 2.78 2.68 2.75 2.79 2.76 2.74 2.75 2.73 2.68 2.66

Fujian 2.64 2.95 3.01 2.97 2.90 2.87 3.02 2.79 2.87 2.76 2.76 2.62

Jiangxi 2.91 2.82 2.99 3.02 2.95 2.90 2.93 2.91 2.88 2.92 2.89 2.77

Shandong 2.45 2.40 2.73 2.73 2.60 2.70 2.72 2.71 2.63 2.58 2.53 2.50

Henan 2.69 2.66 2.85 2.84 2.75 2.84 2.84 2.76 2.77 2.89 2.59 2.55

Hubei 2.94 2.92 3.04 3.04 3.03 3.02 2.98 2.94 3.00 3.03 2.97 2.86

Hunan 2.87 2.91 3.12 3.07 3.01 2.99 3.00 2.96 2.91 2.89 2.82 2.73

Guangdong 2.74 2.74 2.98 2.88 2.79 2.84 2.80 2.79 2.85 2.79 2.71 2.68

Guangxi 3.01 3.03 3.11 3.10 3.04 3.12 3.11 3.09 3.06 3.02 2.97 2.94

Hainan 2.80 2.73 2.81 2.87 2.85 2.87 2.80 2.80 2.89 2.83 2.78 2.76

Chongqing 2.96 3.01 3.23 3.24 3.18 3.07 3.17 3.13 3.02 3.08 2.90 3.09

Sichuan 3.46 3.26 3.40 3.29 3.03 3.31 3.12 3.25 3.13 3.05 3.19 3.15

Guizhou 3.43 3.45 3.39 3.23 3.27 3.22 3.26 3.21 3.21 3.30 3.00 2.97

Yunnan 3.23 3.10 3.31 3.34 3.14 3.11 3.14 3.02 3.19 3.07 2.94 2.79

Tibet

Shaanxi 3.10 2.88 3.13 3.02 2.82 2.84 3.02 3.04 2.94 2.88 2.73 3.12

Gansu 2.71 2.42 2.61 2.57 2.67 2.63 2.61 2.64 2.64 2.69 2.65 2.53

Qinghai 3.10 3.15 3.10 1.08 1.10 1.10 1.12 1.13 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.12

Ningxia 3.08 3.00 3.06 3.06 3.06 2.97 2.97 2.96 2.95 2.95 2.85 2.90

Xinjiang 2.81 3.15 3.12 3.25 2.91 2.95 2.99 2.89 2.96 2.90 2.66 2.38


75


Beijing 2.60 2.55 2.49 2.46 2.36 2.37 2.29 2.30 2.34 2.33 2.37 2.33

Tianjin 2.53 2.47 2.43 2.36 2.26 2.24 1.93 2.17 2.26 2.28 2.25 2.47

Hebei 2.77 2.61 2.50 2.44 2.41 2.35 2.32 2.33 2.31 2.32 2.29 2.45

Shanxi 2.77 2.70 2.78 2.71 2.68 2.53 2.54 2.48 2.95 2.48 2.64 2.65

Inner Mongolia 2.78 2.78 2.78 2.72 2.62 2.63 2.63 2.61 2.64 2.62 2.67 2.56

Liaoning 2.46 2.47 2.43 2.38 2.35 2.24 2.22 2.14 2.22 2.24 2.30 2.39

Jilin 2.70 2.75 2.73 2.66 2.63 2.64 2.53 2.47 2.46 2.54 2.49 2.67

Heilongjiang 2.27 2.49 2.40 2.30 2.35 2.33 2.34 2.26 2.24 2.27 2.25 2.39

Shanghai 2.52 2.50 2.50 2.40 2.25 2.26 2.18 2.14 2.13 2.23 2.28 2.41

Jiangsu 2.75 2.76 2.70 2.59 2.52 2.65 2.50 2.49 2.46 2.50 2.53 2.54

Zhejiang 2.55 2.56 2.51 2.41 2.37 2.30 2.30 2.25 2.25 2.32 2.41 2.43

Anhui 2.66 2.70 2.56 2.39 2.45 2.41 2.40 2.41 2.44 2.44 2.45 2.55

Fujian 2.68 2.68 2.61 2.42 2.46 2.39 2.27 2.35 2.40 2.46 2.72 2.74

Jiangxi 2.72 2.85 2.75 2.74 2.63 2.60 2.57 2.59 2.54 2.59 2.63 2.74

Shandong 2.49 2.46 2.41 2.33 2.27 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.24 2.36 2.33

Henan 2.60 2.64 2.57 2.50 2.41 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.28 2.30 2.41 2.43

Hubei 2.87 2.95 2.82 2.81 2.70 2.80 2.63 2.63 2.58 2.63 2.70 2.80

Hunan 2.76 2.86 2.82 2.63 2.66 2.65 2.61 2.64 2.63 2.69 2.72 2.74

Guangdong 2.73 2.58 2.62 2.45 2.41 2.40 2.43 2.33 2.37 2.41 2.42 2.51

Guangxi 2.97 3.02 2.95 2.81 2.77 2.71 2.65 2.67 2.63 2.66 2.73 2.78

Hainan 2.72 2.71 2.73 2.61 2.52 2.48 2.46 2.46 2.45 2.58 2.61 2.68

Chongqing 3.02 2.98 2.98 3.04 2.77 2.72 2.59 2.65 2.76 2.84 2.81 2.91

Sichuan 3.20 3.22 3.09 2.98 3.11 2.97 3.03 3.10 3.33 3.07 3.11

Guizhou 3.01 3.10 3.07 3.07 3.01 2.95 2.95 2.91 2.92 2.85 2.88 2.89

Yunnan 2.87 2.86 2.84 2.72 2.80 2.73 2.72 2.58 2.71 2.73 2.65 2.80

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.85 2.82 2.89 2.81 2.65 2.64 2.76 2.83 2.80 2.61 2.75 2.82

Gansu 2.51 2.48 2.33 2.47 2.29 2.48 2.48 2.41 2.36 2.45 2.55 2.57

Qinghai 1.12 1.11 1.15 1.15 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.52 2.70 2.70 2.82 2.82

Ningxia 2.83 2.87 2.75 2.10 1.91 1.33 1.95 1.90 2.05 1.93 2.14

Xinjiang 2.48 2.77 2.71 2.70 2.81 2.75 2.56 2.60 2.65 2.59 2.61 2.68


Beijing 2.32 2.36 2.41 2.44 2.44 2.47 2.52 2.70 2.99 3.11 3.59 3.92

Tianjin 2.25 2.32 2.43 2.43 2.47 2.49 2.54 2.60 2.96 3.27 3.69 3.92

Hebei 2.39 2.45 2.55 2.45 2.50 2.50 2.59 2.71 3.10 3.30 3.72 3.86

Shanxi 2.70 2.59 2.65 2.68 2.66 2.72 2.73 2.77 3.09 3.11 3.50 3.62

Inner Mongolia 2.71 2.80 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.48 2.72 2.84 3.09 3.13 3.29 3.34

Liaoning 2.39 2.41 2.52 2.47 2.48 2.50 2.50 2.68 2.84 2.90 3.53 3.94

Jilin 2.64 2.60 2.64 2.65 2.65 2.69 2.68 2.82 3.04 3.26 3.56 3.81

Heilongjiang 2.26 2.31 2.38 2.42 2.49 2.48 2.53 2.79 2.80 3.09 3.54 3.65

Shanghai 2.23 2.35 2.58 2.58 2.35 2.46 2.55 2.59 2.99 3.37 3.74 3.85

Jiangsu 2.52 2.57 2.78 2.63 2.58 2.62 2.67 2.81 3.12 3.32 3.70 3.89

Zhejiang 2.41 2.43 2.60 2.50 2.49 2.50 2.58 2.74 3.10 3.45 3.77 3.80

Anhui 2.50 2.56 2.56 2.54 2.59 2.48 2.79 2.88 3.01 3.20 3.64 3.84

Fujian 2.75 2.66 2.78 2.62 2.56 2.55 2.67 2.74 3.10 3.47 3.77 3.96

Jiangxi 2.75 2.85 2.80 2.76 2.59 2.69 2.70 2.88 3.19 3.44 3.90 3.87

Shandong 2.34 2.42 2.62 2.46 2.42 2.46 2.51 2.72 3.26 3.39 3.81 3.79

Henan 2.42 2.39 2.55 2.56 2.56 2.52 2.56 2.64 3.04 3.23 3.56 3.96

Hubei 2.76 2.84 2.98 2.92 2.83 2.64 2.66 2.81 3.14 3.43 3.56 4.00

Hunan 2.78 2.82 2.88 2.80 2.81 2.84 2.88 2.98 3.36 3.51 3.75 3.98

Guangdong 2.56 2.71 2.75 2.72 2.68 2.64 2.72 2.81 3.04 3.28 3.42 3.60

Guangxi 2.79 2.83 2.91 2.90 2.82 2.85 2.93 2.97 3.27 3.40 3.69 3.89

Hainan 2.93 2.79 2.89 2.47 2.77 2.80 2.79 2.92 2.94 3.43 3.79 3.99

Chongqing 2.87 2.92 3.00 2.99 2.95 3.06 3.02 3.12 3.38 3.56 3.84 3.86

Sichuan 2.96 2.99 3.04 3.07 3.11 3.03 3.21 3.13 3.36 3.37 3.52 3.70

Guizhou 2.86 2.90 3.02 3.06 3.02 3.10 3.09 3.12 3.38 3.49 3.79 3.82

Yunnan 2.85 2.89 2.93 2.88 2.72 2.86 2.89 2.95 3.28 3.40 3.66 3.80

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.75 2.98 2.86 2.60 2.72 2.64 2.91 2.99 2.91 3.08 3.40 3.67

Gansu 2.78 2.64 2.58 2.75 2.46 2.67 2.70 2.70 3.22 3.43 3.82 4.53

Qinghai 2.83 2.83 1.20 1.46 1.21 1.50 1.23 1.23 4.48

Ningxia 2.20 2.55 2.09 2.14 2.59 2.69 1.80 2.57 3.17 3.25 3.25 3.87

Xinjiang 2.73 2.75 2.81 2.81 2.79 2.84 3.08 3.03 3.38 3.50 3.77 3.69


76


Beijing 3.96 3.91 4.05 3.91 3.91 4.37 4.93 4.48 4.32 3.86 3.52 3.29

Tianjin 3.79 3.80 4.05 3.82 3.90 4.34 4.70 4.13 4.06 3.58 3.36 3.17

Hebei 3.88 3.85 4.00 3.95 3.93 4.25 4.70 4.27 4.16 3.78 3.56 3.35

Shanxi 3.78 3.87 4.05 4.05 4.02 4.12 4.30 4.28 4.19 4.06 3.76 3.53

Inner Mongolia 3.62 3.72 3.81 3.87 3.91 4.03 4.27 4.44 4.30 4.11 3.86 3.74

Liaoning 3.90 3.89 4.21 4.17 4.19 4.40 4.76 4.53 4.43 4.18 3.79 3.51

Jilin 3.78 3.77 4.12 4.11 4.11 4.33 4.63 4.47 4.28 3.97 3.73 3.58

Heilongjiang 3.71 3.74 4.17 4.09 4.13 4.27 4.51 4.38 4.27 3.89 3.63 3.43

Shanghai 3.73 3.71 3.94 3.67 3.84 4.32 4.65 4.09 4.00 3.52 3.30 3.09

Jiangsu 4.04 4.02 4.20 3.93 3.93 4.30 4.59 4.26 4.17 3.68 3.43 3.22

Zhejiang 3.77 3.76 3.87 3.78 3.79 4.21 4.58 4.25 4.16 3.71 3.45 3.24

Anhui 3.80 3.80 3.92 3.88 3.90 4.10 4.50 4.41 4.26 4.01 3.74 3.51

Fujian 3.88 3.94 4.04 3.84 3.99 4.42 4.64 4.17 4.07 3.64 3.48 3.23

Jiangxi 3.73 3.81 3.94 3.94 3.93 4.10 4.26 4.27 4.11 3.94 3.83 3.75

Shandong 3.76 3.79 3.95 3.76 3.83 4.24 4.64 4.09 4.01 3.65 3.43 3.19

Henan 3.91 3.92 4.03 3.93 3.91 4.24 4.62 4.37 4.26 3.91 3.62 3.43

Hubei 3.94 4.04 4.13 4.10 4.07 4.38 4.75 4.52 4.46 4.18 3.96 3.81

Hunan 4.05 4.10 4.19 4.17 4.18 4.46 4.82 4.67 4.51 4.19 3.91 3.77

Guangdong 3.82 3.84 3.95 3.83 3.98 4.45 4.64 4.18 4.19 3.79 3.48 3.39

Guangxi 3.95 4.03 4.07 4.03 4.07 4.39 4.75 4.53 4.48 4.18 3.94 3.82

Hainan 4.10 4.17 4.26 4.24 4.24 4.81 5.06 4.95 4.73 4.39 4.16 4.05

Chongqing 4.01 4.00 4.27 4.17 4.28 4.65 4.96 4.63 4.56 4.26 3.86 3.72

Sichuan 4.20 4.14 4.07 4.12 4.35 4.50 4.81 4.87 4.81 4.62 4.39 4.35

Guizhou 3.93 3.95 4.13 4.10 4.07 4.20 4.50 4.41 4.36 4.15 3.97 3.83

Yunnan 4.03 4.13 4.24 4.27 4.36 4.65 4.88 4.67 4.59 4.22 3.94 3.81

Tibet

Shaanxi 3.87 3.80 3.98 3.98 3.97 4.14 4.53 4.39 4.26 4.06 3.87 3.72

Gansu 3.92 3.97 4.05 4.09 4.03 4.18 4.37 4.35 4.26 4.15 4.10 3.84

Qinghai 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.54 4.54 4.20 4.28 4.30 4.31

Ningxia 4.09 4.15 4.29 4.21 4.13 4.43 4.70 4.63 4.48 4.41 3.95 3.54

Xinjiang 3.96 4.03 4.26 4.29 4.31 4.43 4.73 4.74 4.64 4.44 4.05 3.87


Beijing 3.56 3.51 3.36 3.52 3.51 3.60 3.50 3.62 3.59 3.63 3.75 3.83

Tianjin 3.62 3.40 3.02 3.29 3.24 3.44 3.40 3.52 3.51 3.54 3.70 3.72

Hebei 3.51 3.51 3.26 3.37 3.36 3.47 3.49 3.53 3.60 3.61 3.69 3.78

Shanxi 3.69 3.69 3.42 3.48 3.48 3.57 3.54 3.56 3.58 3.66 3.76 3.82

Inner Mongolia 3.78 3.83 3.76 3.77 3.75 3.77 3.79 3.78 3.85 3.88 3.88 3.93

Liaoning 3.73 3.63 3.43 3.45 3.39 3.44 3.44 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.55 3.55

Jilin 3.74 3.71 3.45 3.47 3.45 3.49 3.54 3.58 3.63 3.64 3.66 3.68

Heilongjiang 3.42 3.43 3.39 3.26 3.22 3.26 3.28 3.30 3.39 3.42 3.47 3.51

Shanghai 3.70 3.48 3.00 3.32 3.29 3.52 3.51 3.56 3.54 3.60 3.67 3.71

Jiangsu 3.53 3.48 3.13 3.31 3.33 3.51 3.51 3.57 3.59 3.63 3.68 3.77

Zhejiang 3.73 3.56 3.21 3.30 3.29 3.48 3.50 3.55 3.54 3.60 3.66 3.71

Anhui 3.67 3.64 3.43 3.44 3.39 3.55 3.59 3.65 3.65 3.66 3.74 3.82

Fujian 4.00 3.53 3.14 3.37 3.36 3.60 3.55 3.62 3.58 3.62 3.76 3.85

Jiangxi 3.86 3.83 3.65 3.65 3.56 3.65 3.70 3.70 3.68 3.70 3.74 3.81

Shandong 3.63 3.41 3.12 3.29 3.28 3.44 3.43 3.53 3.52 3.57 3.71 3.81

Henan 3.60 3.47 3.24 3.35 3.32 3.48 3.50 3.56 3.60 3.63 3.75 3.88

Hubei 4.06 4.08 3.71 3.68 3.53 3.71 3.74 3.72 3.75 3.82 3.91 4.04

Hunan 3.95 3.96 3.84 3.76 3.68 3.77 3.81 3.83 3.85 3.89 3.91 3.96

Guangdong 3.77 3.57 3.26 3.45 3.41 3.63 3.68 3.75 3.77 3.76 3.80 3.93

Guangxi 4.02 4.01 3.70 3.74 3.67 3.79 3.81 3.84 3.85 3.86 3.92 4.00

Hainan 4.22 4.22 3.90 3.96 3.90 3.98 3.95 3.97 3.84 4.01 4.04 4.09

Chongqing 4.11 4.12 3.74 3.76 3.77 3.80 3.82 3.78 3.81 3.90 3.98 4.04

Sichuan 4.37 4.41 4.26 4.14 4.07 4.09 4.17 4.19 4.24 4.30 4.34 4.42

Guizhou 3.91 4.06 3.94 3.86 3.80 3.83 3.85 3.89 3.88 3.90 3.90 3.96

Yunnan 4.07 4.18 4.01 4.00 3.95 3.99 3.98 4.02 4.04 4.04 4.06 4.18

Tibet

Shaanxi 3.73 3.76 3.59 3.57 3.54 3.59 3.62 3.62 3.63 3.62 3.70 3.83

Gansu 3.90 3.93 3.88 3.79 3.75 3.73 3.77 3.86 3.83 3.80 3.88 3.97

Qinghai 4.31 4.30 4.30 4.46 4.50 4.50 4.10 4.10 4.16 4.20 4.20 4.20

Ningxia 3.74 3.81 3.65 3.55 3.57 3.57 3.59 3.64 3.73 3.71 3.77 3.96

Xinjiang 3.85 3.80 3.70 3.75 3.78 3.83 3.79 3.75 3.80 3.85 3.86 3.96


77


Beijing 3.67 3.47 3.39 3.21 3.12 3.01 3.02 3.25 3.35 3.52 3.54 3.42

Tianjin 3.52 3.24 3.16 3.11 3.08 2.87 2.96 3.23 3.34 3.58 3.66 3.55

Hebei 3.72 3.58 3.44 3.33 3.28 3.14 3.10 3.27 3.32 3.50 3.63 3.54

Shanxi 3.83 3.67 3.55 3.43 3.39 3.25 3.25 3.34 3.39 3.59 3.68 3.62

Inner Mongolia 3.85 3.88 3.80 3.78 3.75 3.63 3.57 3.61 3.64 3.65 3.72 3.74

Liaoning 3.47 3.40 3.34 3.29 3.27 3.19 3.23 3.33 3.33 3.44 3.48 3.49

Jilin 3.65 3.61 3.57 3.50 3.50 3.44 3.38 3.44 3.48 3.53 3.59 3.57

Heilongjiang 3.43 3.39 3.37 3.36 3.34 3.28 3.27 3.31 3.35 3.37 3.42 3.41

Shanghai 3.65 3.45 3.33 3.25 3.14 2.93 3.02 3.33 3.38 3.67 3.72 3.55

Jiangsu 3.71 3.51 3.33 3.28 3.22 3.00 3.04 3.29 3.36 3.61 3.68 3.52

Zhejiang 3.61 3.40 3.29 3.24 3.20 3.06 3.06 3.23 3.29 3.47 3.57 3.51

Anhui 3.83 3.72 3.61 3.40 3.36 3.21 3.21 3.32 3.40 3.62 3.74 3.63

Fujian 3.62 3.36 3.24 3.16 3.12 2.93 3.04 3.28 3.35 3.59 3.68 3.56

Jiangxi 3.77 3.72 3.57 3.49 3.47 3.35 3.29 3.36 3.42 3.51 3.65 3.67

Shandong 3.67 3.44 3.25 3.17 3.12 2.99 3.02 3.18 3.25 3.51 3.64 3.43

Henan 3.77 3.61 3.47 3.37 3.36 3.18 3.15 3.30 3.36 3.56 3.68 3.57

Hubei 3.86 3.72 3.55 3.42 3.38 3.26 3.23 3.36 3.42 3.60 3.75 3.69

Hunan 3.97 3.94 3.82 3.73 3.68 3.59 3.50 3.57 3.63 3.73 3.90 3.93

Guangdong 3.74 3.65 3.59 3.59 3.55 3.43 3.47 3.68 3.75 3.87 3.95 3.86

Guangxi 3.96 3.84 3.74 3.67 3.59 3.48 3.50 3.61 3.68 3.77 3.85 3.86

Hainan 4.13 3.99 3.97 3.90 3.91 3.85 3.84 4.00 3.98 4.10 4.14 4.08

Chongqing 4.01 3.91 3.76 3.69 3.66 3.57 3.48 3.60 3.66 3.77 3.83 3.79

Sichuan 4.47 4.45 4.27 3.82 3.77 3.73 3.71 3.78 3.82 3.92 3.99 3.96

Guizhou 4.03 4.03 3.93 3.89 3.89 3.81 3.71 3.75 3.74 3.76 3.86 3.87

Yunnan 4.20 4.11 3.94 3.86 3.75 3.61 3.58 3.69 3.77 3.92 4.01 4.00

Tibet

Shaanxi 3.89 3.83 3.72 3.65 3.60 3.59 3.53 3.55 3.60 3.63 3.67 3.66

Gansu 3.90 3.74 3.61 3.59 3.60 3.41 3.26 3.43 3.57 3.72 3.89 3.88

Qinghai 4.20 4.20 4.50 4.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Ningxia 3.86 3.71 3.53 3.47 3.43 3.30 3.21 3.39 3.42 3.51 3.70 3.53

Xinjiang 4.10 4.02 3.94 3.88 3.87 3.75 3.56 3.66 3.75 3.83 3.99 3.98


Beijing 3.42 3.54 3.40 3.30 3.21 3.10 3.05 3.07 3.16 3.15 3.06 2.94

Tianjin 3.47 3.49 3.45 3.35 3.27 3.21 3.20 3.24 3.26 3.16 3.12 3.05

Hebei 3.50 3.51 3.51 3.42 3.35 3.31 3.35 3.41 3.40 3.33 3.28 3.19

Shanxi 3.50 3.52 3.50 3.43 3.37 3.37 3.41 3.46 3.49 3.47 3.40 3.35

Inner Mongolia 3.73 3.72 3.72 3.70 3.65 3.67 3.71 3.73 3.71 3.71 3.64 3.61

Liaoning 3.53 3.53 3.46 3.42 3.37 3.43 3.53 3.55 3.56 3.52 3.48 3.46

Jilin 3.55 3.54 3.52 3.49 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.51 3.60 3.57 3.56 3.54

Heilongjiang 3.37 3.38 3.35 3.33 3.31 3.34 3.33 3.33 3.36 3.35 3.33 3.31

Shanghai 3.52 3.59 3.48 3.34 3.14 3.18 3.27 3.41 3.36 3.22 3.15 2.96

Jiangsu 3.50 3.57 3.48 3.35 3.28 3.29 3.32 3.40 3.44 3.33 3.24 3.11

Zhejiang 3.55 3.57 3.47 3.33 3.24 3.27 3.37 3.42 3.43 3.29 3.21 3.07

Anhui 3.65 3.64 3.59 3.52 3.44 3.42 3.50 3.54 3.56 3.44 3.36 3.27

Fujian 3.64 3.66 3.48 3.30 3.22 3.26 3.36 3.38 3.41 3.25 3.15 3.01

Jiangxi 3.68 3.71 3.71 3.66 3.64 3.65 3.66 3.68 3.74 3.73 3.67 3.58

Shandong 3.42 3.49 3.45 3.35 3.28 3.26 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.26 3.18 3.08

Henan 3.58 3.63 3.54 3.43 3.34 3.29 3.35 3.41 3.44 3.36 3.25 3.16

Hubei 3.68 3.72 3.64 3.59 3.56 3.61 3.73 3.81 3.82 3.78 3.69 3.58

Hunan 3.93 3.92 3.92 3.87 3.78 3.77 3.81 3.83 3.88 3.86 3.78 3.68

Guangdong 3.84 3.93 3.86 3.78 3.66 3.66 3.74 3.76 3.77 3.63 3.51 3.42

Guangxi 3.88 3.92 3.88 3.81 3.75 3.79 3.86 3.85 3.84 3.80 3.72 3.61

Hainan 4.12 4.19 4.10 4.03 4.00 3.99 3.88 3.92 3.94 3.91 3.92 3.84

Chongqing 3.81 3.87 3.82 3.75 3.61 3.51 3.54 3.60 3.61 3.56 3.55 3.50

Sichuan 3.85 3.88 3.84 3.82 3.77 3.74 3.79 3.87 3.87 3.85 3.77 3.72

Guizhou 3.74 3.74 3.88 3.93 3.86 3.85 3.85 3.86 3.87 3.85 3.84 3.83

Yunnan 3.99 4.02 3.96 3.90 3.83 3.85 3.93 3.92 3.93 3.96 3.91 3.82

Tibet

Shaanxi 3.75 3.76 3.77 3.72 3.69 3.68 3.66 3.64 3.65 3.66 3.63 3.61

Gansu 3.81 3.83 3.76 3.67 3.67 3.75 3.81 3.77 3.78 3.75 3.70 3.58

Qinghai 4.00 4.00 4.12 4.20 4.30 4.46 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50

Ningxia 3.62 3.67 3.62 3.55 3.54 3.58 3.60 3.58 3.60 3.58 3.51 3.49

Xinjiang 3.96 3.99 3.95 3.85 3.81 3.74 3.76 3.82 3.88 3.83 3.78 3.73


78

Exhibit 138: Fishmeal Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 4.00 4.60 4.47 5.35 4.20 4.95 4.45 4.80 6.20 3.55 4.18

Tianjin 4.57 4.55 4.50 4.10 4.50 4.67 3.28 4.80 4.30 3.20 4.10 4.25

Hebei 5.05 5.24 4.64 5.24 4.76 5.31 4.48 5.02 4.52 4.53 4.60 4.81

Shanxi 4.48 4.67 4.84 4.60 5.08 5.03 4.75 4.95 5.28 4.77 5.00 4.56

Inner Mongolia 4.60 4.95 4.10 4.36 5.73 4.68 4.48 7.00 5.73 1.98 5.40 4.88

Liaoning 5.39 5.47 5.36 5.06 4.91 4.94 4.78 4.93 4.76 4.83 4.96 4.86

Jilin 5.20 5.00 5.00 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.50 4.93 5.55 5.55 5.55 6.05

Heilongjiang 5.60 6.00 5.24 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 5.00 4.50

Shanghai 4.35 4.30 4.30 4.15 4.15 4.20 4.30 4.30 4.28 4.30 4.20

Jiangsu 4.55 3.80 4.69 4.71 4.83 4.64 4.60 4.71 4.43 4.43 5.35 4.67

Zhejiang 4.50 4.54 4.37 4.23 4.10 4.50 4.51 4.68 4.46 4.51 4.35 4.45

Anhui 4.72 4.94 4.74 4.99 5.13 4.84 4.98 5.13 4.81 4.94 4.90 4.83

Fujian 4.89 4.99 4.65 4.56 4.89 5.44 4.93 4.99 5.19 5.38 4.80 5.25

Jiangxi 5.51 5.39 5.27 6.15 5.12 5.17 5.24 5.24 5.32 5.23 3.35 5.26

Shandong 5.20 5.29 5.40 5.02 5.16 4.80 1.94 4.90 4.89 5.23 5.03 5.13

Henan 5.28 5.24 5.23 5.33 5.13 5.16 5.20 5.00 5.26 5.18 4.97 5.26

Hubei 5.45 5.24 5.01 5.16 5.03 4.94 4.89 4.86 5.01 5.33 5.02 5.06

Hunan 4.90 4.90 4.69 4.90 4.71 5.31 5.12 5.30 5.13 4.80 5.18 4.51

Guangdong 5.51 5.49 5.45 5.47 5.42 5.49 5.63 5.54 5.49 5.47 5.35 5.54

Guangxi 5.74 5.71 5.67 5.58 5.62 5.45 5.45 5.42 5.40 5.48 5.40 5.39

Hainan 5.46 5.88 8.70 5.08 5.19 5.28 5.45 5.56 5.56 5.56 5.28 5.28

Chongqing 5.18 4.97 5.07 5.15 4.50 4.80 4.80 4.85 4.80 4.80 4.90 5.20

Sichuan 5.28 5.54 5.23 5.69 5.52 5.41 4.97 5.36 5.44 5.51 5.51 5.56

Guizhou 6.20 6.35 3.60 5.61 5.38 4.88 4.77 1.40 5.40 4.80 4.95 4.53

Yunnan 5.31 6.02 5.56 5.45 5.40 4.36 5.43 5.53 5.51 5.72 5.41 5.46

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.02 5.95 5.68 5.55 5.55 5.47 5.94 5.73 5.68 5.63 5.65 5.60

Gansu 5.80 6.03 5.75 5.63 5.43 5.40 5.58 5.31 5.28 5.13 5.33 6.26

Qinghai 4.10 4.20 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.30 5.00 4.10 4.10 4.20 4.20 4.30

Ningxia 5.00 0.70 4.60 5.04

Xinjiang 4.60 4.40 4.40 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60


Beijing 4.50 4.50 4.55 4.15 4.65 4.65 5.00 4.14 4.44 4.88 4.95

Tianjin 4.35 4.65 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.60 4.60 4.70 5.20 5.20

Hebei 4.47 4.67 4.44 4.70 4.56 4.17 4.51 4.79 4.65 4.78 4.78 5.28

Shanxi 5.47 5.95 5.36 5.33 5.08 5.04 5.75 5.35 5.24 5.43 5.80 5.75

Inner Mongolia 5.04 6.05 6.07 5.60 5.60 5.16 4.00 5.67 7.00 5.60 5.60 5.00

Liaoning 4.79 4.92 4.89 4.76 4.70 4.76 4.71 4.93 4.95 4.90 4.98 5.03

Jilin 5.20 5.13 5.20 6.05 6.05 6.05 8.98 7.27 7.27 7.27 6.45 6.45

Heilongjiang 3.80 3.80 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.20

Shanghai 4.28 4.85 4.28 4.30 4.16 4.15 4.20 4.40 4.38 4.45 4.58 4.51

Jiangsu 4.63 4.70 4.70 4.93 4.77 4.29 4.74 5.00 4.82 4.88 4.80 4.93

Zhejiang 4.48 4.44 4.53 4.40 4.45 4.50 4.56 4.98 5.02 5.18 5.13 5.05

Anhui 4.56 4.67 4.64 4.88 4.89 4.73 4.59 4.76 4.84 4.81 5.05 5.05

Fujian 4.95 4.82 4.79 4.76 4.33 4.71 4.95 4.81 4.51 5.08 4.80 5.22

Jiangxi 4.90 5.31 5.29 5.22 5.14 5.19 5.24 5.24 5.28 5.31 5.29 5.33

Shandong 5.09 5.01 3.69 4.91 4.84 4.99 4.40 3.60 5.21 5.28 5.40

Henan 5.27 5.14 5.41 5.20 5.23 4.92 4.89 5.06 5.01 5.16 5.05 5.22

Hubei 4.77 4.89 4.96 5.17 5.18 5.14 5.06 5.07 5.16 5.21 5.23

Hunan 5.44 5.06 5.41 5.37 5.00 5.15 5.08 5.03 5.14 5.08 5.10 5.04

Guangdong 5.40 5.38 5.71 5.41 5.28 5.24 5.23 5.29 5.30 5.27 5.37 5.37

Guangxi 5.09 5.24 5.30 5.34 5.43 5.25 5.07 5.22 5.43 5.30

Hainan 5.28 5.28 5.08 5.08 5.07 5.28 5.28 4.77 5.21 5.21 5.55 5.55

Chongqing 5.00 5.05 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.75 4.75 4.50 4.50

Sichuan 6.45 5.43 5.40 4.86 5.93 5.18 5.51 5.11 4.93 5.16 5.47 5.53

Guizhou 4.40 4.10 4.65 4.33 4.40 4.33 4.65 4.50 4.30 4.30 5.64 4.92

Yunnan 5.36 5.27 4.97 5.18 5.21 5.21 5.16 5.27 5.00 5.37 5.20 5.35

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.00 5.16 5.30 5.64 5.32 5.84 5.60 5.83 6.02 5.80 5.75 5.60

Gansu 4.92 5.48 5.36 4.90 5.75 4.99 5.01 5.15 4.90 5.20 5.20 5.28

Qinghai 4.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

Ningxia 0.00

Xinjiang 4.40 4.89 4.69 4.84 4.64 4.60 4.75 4.00 5.12


79


Beijing 4.90 5.40 3.89 5.60 5.58 5.53 5.43 5.43 5.90 5.85 6.03 5.93

Tianjin 5.00 5.00 4.95 5.10 5.20 5.10 4.90 4.90 4.93 4.90 4.95

Hebei 5.06 5.11 4.46 5.32 5.19 5.42 5.41 5.41 5.33 5.17 4.99 4.83

Shanxi 6.20 5.88 5.25 6.03 5.80 4.83 5.75 6.30 6.49 6.23 6.39 6.33

Inner Mongolia 4.45 5.50 4.90 4.38 5.75 5.25 5.38 5.50 5.54 5.46 5.15 5.20

Liaoning 5.20 5.20 5.54 6.38 6.31 5.93 5.66 5.54 5.69 5.63 5.42 5.46

Jilin 6.58 5.38 6.05 6.33 6.37 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 6.20 5.90

Heilongjiang 5.20 5.20 5.30 5.60 5.84 5.76 6.10 6.28 6.26 6.14 6.26 6.26

Shanghai 4.61 5.30 5.60 5.74 5.56 5.75 6.73 6.23 6.23 6.34 6.18 6.15

Jiangsu 4.74 5.50 5.58 5.73 5.05 5.13 5.04 5.08 5.05 5.38 5.50 5.34

Zhejiang 5.40 5.47 5.53 5.99 5.53 6.21 5.80 5.85 5.89 5.84 5.60 5.63

Anhui 5.38 5.09 5.36 5.88 5.89 5.87 5.49 5.58 5.50 5.35 5.32 5.68

Fujian 5.14 5.33 5.27 5.54 5.65 5.70 5.61 5.79 5.79 5.64 6.11 5.88

Jiangxi 5.32 5.70 5.83 6.02 5.85 5.99 5.87 5.66 6.02 5.88 6.04 5.84

Shandong 5.39 5.58 5.67 5.48 5.75 5.89 5.98 5.73 5.91 5.87 5.74 5.76

Henan 5.19 5.48 5.53 6.17 5.62 5.37 5.54 5.52 5.62 5.39 5.23 5.35

Hubei 5.59 5.38 5.64 5.90 5.68 5.56 5.37 5.66 5.60 5.63 5.59 5.40

Hunan 5.33 5.31 5.43 5.46 5.54 5.93 5.61 5.76 5.31 5.76 5.47 5.44

Guangdong 5.51 5.69 6.04 6.02 6.06 5.96 5.94 5.93 5.86 5.80 5.83 5.73

Guangxi 5.61 5.44 5.58 5.38 5.42 5.43 5.34 5.38 1.94 5.42 5.40 5.38

Hainan 5.15 6.67 5.84 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.84 6.01 6.01 6.01 6.01

Chongqing 5.00 4.90 6.70 6.60 5.80 5.97 5.67 5.53 6.13 5.53 5.23 5.30

Sichuan 5.59 5.07 5.71 5.40 5.42 5.29 5.58 5.29 5.35 5.46 5.66 5.66

Guizhou 5.19 5.67 5.96 5.53 5.16 5.78 5.89 5.91 5.76 5.78 5.77 5.83

Yunnan 5.66 5.79 5.99 5.68 5.77 5.68 5.38 5.42 5.48 5.52 5.58 5.58

Tibet

Shaanxi 5.60 5.60 5.70 6.35 6.18 6.40 5.64 6.30 6.25 6.25 6.40 6.24

Gansu 5.15 5.00 5.28 5.58 5.44 5.76 5.57 5.67 5.76 5.45 5.44 5.50

Qinghai 6.30 6.50 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.75 6.50

Ningxia 5.00 5.00 5.50 5.80 5.80

Xinjiang 5.38 5.67 6.13 5.78 5.45 6.46 5.48 5.40 5.58 5.24 5.31


Beijing 5.98 6.33 6.37 6.13 6.27 6.60 6.20 5.90 6.07 5.95 6.10 6.17

Tianjin 4.97 5.00 4.75 4.80 5.13 5.07 5.07 5.17 5.40 5.40 5.43 5.43

Hebei 5.10 5.21 5.21 5.11 5.03 5.36 5.26 5.30 5.18 5.25 5.43 5.40

Shanxi 5.93 1.50 5.97 5.78 5.31 5.34 5.09 5.18 5.23 5.50 6.38 5.95

Inner Mongolia 5.20 4.80 4.93 5.05 4.90 5.40 5.40 5.50 5.96 5.50 5.56 5.72

Liaoning 5.36 5.36 1.27 5.31 5.39 5.49 5.40 5.26 5.31 5.50 5.67 5.63

Jilin 5.73 6.03 5.22 5.32 5.77 5.27 5.10 5.60 5.60 5.52 5.02 5.02

Heilongjiang 6.32 6.30 6.22 6.00 6.29 6.16 6.08 6.41 6.59 6.56 6.73 6.61

Shanghai 6.10 5.60 5.60 5.25 5.77 5.30 5.40 5.45 5.93 5.70 6.00 5.98

Jiangsu 5.10 5.32 5.24 5.10 5.32 5.53 5.28 5.60 5.40 5.73 5.67 5.46

Zhejiang 5.48 5.56 5.58 5.51 5.50 5.72 5.71 5.62 5.75 5.68 5.86 5.64

Anhui 5.35 5.35 5.24 4.73 5.39 5.31 5.09 5.40 5.40 5.63 5.94 5.81

Fujian 5.86 5.60 5.62 5.73 5.79 5.78 5.67 5.64 5.88 6.03 6.15 6.17

Jiangxi 5.88 5.78 5.79 5.81 5.76 5.94 6.03 5.79 5.85 5.76 6.48

Shandong 5.68 5.74 5.56 5.43 5.37 5.49 5.57 5.50 5.54 5.60 5.88 5.83

Henan 5.21 5.20 5.22 5.25 5.20 5.23 5.59 5.41 5.78 5.55 5.90 5.86

Hubei 5.53 5.50 5.29 5.26 5.28 5.25 5.51 5.47 5.49 5.69 5.83 5.79

Hunan 5.83 5.98 5.73 5.72 5.54 5.74 5.96 5.63 5.84 5.72 5.83 6.28

Guangdong 5.81 5.63 5.70 5.63 5.70 5.66 5.64 5.76 5.78 5.86 5.94 5.96

Guangxi 5.47 5.43 5.68 5.68 5.44 5.38 5.32 5.52 5.55 5.74 5.86 5.86

Hainan 5.00 5.98 4.03 4.03 4.10 6.07 6.07 5.95 5.95 5.90 6.07 6.32

Chongqing 5.70 5.23 5.25 5.55 5.63 5.90 5.40 5.50 5.45 5.27 5.43 5.47

Sichuan 5.46 5.34 5.44 5.20 5.43 4.97 5.19 4.57 5.40 4.95 5.81 5.93

Guizhou 5.83 5.78 5.69 5.80 5.80 5.89 5.93 6.03 5.99 5.90 6.79 6.58

Yunnan 5.55 5.59 5.34 5.35 5.54 5.35 5.45 5.43 5.43 5.52 5.73 5.70

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.52 6.50 6.00 6.50 6.35 6.33 6.38

Gansu 5.50 4.85 5.00 5.57 5.00 5.50 5.50 5.13 5.50 5.50 4.85 5.50

Qinghai 6.50 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.40 6.00 7.00 7.00 8.00

Ningxia 5.84 5.90 6.27 6.27 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90

Xinjiang 5.26 5.34 5.20 5.18 5.12 5.51 5.63 5.20 5.23 5.73 5.69 5.89


80


Beijing 6.57 6.00 6.00 6.15 6.12 5.58 7.49 7.43 5.88 5.80 6.05 6.09

Tianjin 5.23 5.30 5.23 5.20 6.20 4.95 6.63 5.63 5.97 6.30 6.30 5.10

Hebei 5.62 5.39 5.66 5.89 5.61 5.14 5.44 5.36 5.88 5.83 5.69 5.73

Shanxi 5.00 4.94 5.30 5.39 5.28 5.33 5.70 5.73 5.19 5.17 5.23 4.90

Inner Mongolia 4.40 5.48 5.84 5.87 5.83 5.50 5.60 5.66 5.74 5.58 5.73 5.74

Liaoning 5.57 5.64 5.74 5.83 5.80 6.16 6.00 6.17 6.17 5.86 5.78 5.98

Jilin 5.42 5.13 5.27 6.10 5.82 5.82 5.93 6.07 6.13 5.88 5.82 5.78

Heilongjiang 6.76 6.62 6.75 6.74 6.57 6.83 6.90 6.84 6.76 7.12 7.22 6.76

Shanghai 5.60 5.60 5.53 5.95 6.00 5.97 5.80 6.00 6.08 6.28 5.85 5.49

Jiangsu 5.60 5.38 5.70 5.88 5.93 5.74 6.13 6.23 6.53 6.43 6.43 6.13

Zhejiang 5.90 5.71 5.89 6.22 6.32 6.44 5.85 6.43 6.73 6.87 6.46 6.22

Anhui 5.65 5.87 5.94 6.06 6.13 5.85 6.19 5.86 6.60 6.37 5.66 5.62

Fujian 6.00 6.04 6.31 6.40 6.24 6.43 6.54 6.78 6.73 6.94 6.43 6.50

Jiangxi 6.37 6.31 6.40 6.28 6.25 6.16 6.27 6.14 6.23 6.36 6.30 6.23

Shandong 5.72 5.80 5.92 5.99 5.89 6.16 5.97 6.09 6.15 5.99 5.88 5.92

Henan 5.82 6.04 6.00 6.14 6.03 5.92 5.83 6.23 6.39 6.27 5.99 6.06

Hubei 5.67 5.71 5.91 6.20 6.24 6.20 6.09 6.14 6.37 6.31 6.11 6.09

Hunan 5.52 5.73 6.01 6.18 6.25 6.07 5.86 6.28 6.18 6.43 6.24 5.93

Guangdong 5.93 5.99 5.77 6.19 6.25 6.19 6.20 6.27 6.41 6.34 6.20 6.30

Guangxi 5.83 5.81 5.91 6.02 5.94 5.95 5.78 5.99 6.03 5.97 5.90 5.93

Hainan 5.50 5.50 5.50 6.78 7.12 5.50 5.25 5.80 5.88 5.87 5.73 5.25

Chongqing 5.73 5.73 5.73 5.87 5.80 6.17 5.84 5.90 6.05 6.34 6.00 6.04

Sichuan 6.08 5.33 5.76 5.91 6.10 6.21 6.49 6.03 6.56 6.66 6.48 6.20

Guizhou 6.43 6.19 6.46 6.56 6.08 6.40 6.34 6.38 6.46 6.41 6.40 6.40

Yunnan 5.63 5.65 5.74 6.09 6.11 5.96 6.06 6.03 6.08 6.46 5.89 6.24

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.05 6.07 5.45 5.76 5.91 5.42 5.85 5.81 6.20 5.83 5.64 5.93

Gansu 5.58 5.65 5.95 5.65 5.65 5.70 5.76 5.94 5.95 6.00 5.83 5.83

Qinghai 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.50 8.80 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.50

Ningxia 4.80 4.80 4.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.40

Xinjiang 5.61 4.96 5.70 5.13 5.73 5.98 5.95 5.55 5.90 6.38 6.67 6.26


Beijing 6.08 6.09 6.11 6.09 5.95 6.22 6.19 6.30 6.19 6.23 6.23 6.22

Tianjin 5.10 5.40 5.85 5.85 6.35 6.40 6.25 6.40 6.35 6.40 6.33 5.95

Hebei 5.79 5.71 6.05 5.75 5.86 6.12 6.14 6.21 6.24 6.27 6.49 6.43

Shanxi 5.60 5.03 5.07 5.00 5.03 5.72 5.30 5.48 5.47 5.07 4.95 5.70

Inner Mongolia 5.96 6.25 5.58 5.51 5.51 5.60 5.73 5.65 5.70 5.78 5.76 5.74

Liaoning 5.84 5.80 5.74 5.92 6.10 6.04 6.12 6.20 6.12 6.22 6.00 6.09

Jilin 5.83 5.85 5.83 5.90 6.17 6.17 6.33 6.45 6.32 6.08 6.02 6.40

Heilongjiang 7.29 6.37 7.57 7.48 7.03 6.46 7.47 6.74 7.54 7.48 7.34 6.96

Shanghai 5.60 5.60 5.63 6.13 6.23 6.35 6.29 6.19 6.20 6.13 6.23 5.97

Jiangsu 6.08 6.08 6.10 6.45 6.48 6.63 6.63 6.60 6.48 6.43 5.50 5.43

Zhejiang 6.40 6.34 6.16 6.47 6.54 6.56 6.64 6.58 6.59 6.58 6.59 6.51

Anhui 5.99 5.91 6.12 6.36 6.19 6.17 6.30 6.25 6.50 6.29 6.28

Fujian 6.44 6.47 6.54 6.70 6.61 6.58 6.54 6.56 6.57 6.69 6.11 6.60

Jiangxi 6.34 6.27 6.19 6.39 6.29 6.04 6.34 6.29 6.19 6.30 6.42 6.34

Shandong 5.99 6.01 6.03 6.12 5.96 5.96 5.94 5.91 5.96 5.90 5.78 5.86

Henan 6.20 6.03 6.30 6.37 6.20 6.41 6.25 6.30 6.39 6.48 6.21 6.26

Hubei 6.14 5.99 6.04 6.24 6.33 6.20 6.35 6.15 6.18 6.24 6.26 6.20

Hunan 6.51 6.07 6.27 6.34 6.39 6.36 6.37 6.25 6.44 6.48 6.38 6.10

Guangdong 6.22 6.25 6.40 6.53 6.54 6.46 6.53 6.57 6.51 6.50 6.43 5.74

Guangxi 6.05 5.97 6.06 6.07 6.09 6.13 6.10 6.16 6.11 6.09 6.06 5.99

Hainan 5.05 5.50 5.50 8.05 8.28 5.32 7.01 7.05 7.34 7.23 7.07 7.17

Chongqing 6.12 6.08 5.52 6.14 6.34 5.96 5.98 6.12 6.12 6.16 6.15 6.18

Sichuan 6.60 6.27 6.46 6.10 5.26 5.64 6.16 6.06 6.30 6.31 6.19 6.11

Guizhou 6.42 6.41 6.37 6.34 6.27 6.38 6.27 6.31 6.39 6.30 6.29 6.30

Yunnan 6.25 6.15 6.14 6.25 6.17 6.19 6.35 6.16 6.23 5.99 6.04 5.74

Tibet

Shaanxi 5.67 5.88 6.12 6.21 5.91 6.13 6.07 6.49 6.46 6.47 6.44 6.98

Gansu 5.93 5.57 4.97 5.30 4.90 5.22 5.18 4.92 5.43 4.78 4.73 5.14

Qinghai 8.50 8.50 8.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00

Ningxia 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40

Xinjiang 6.23 6.43 6.46 6.73 6.52 6.66 6.56 6.22 6.58 6.58 6.38 6.18


81


Beijing 6.23 6.62 6.22 6.21 6.32 7.80 7.74 7.76 7.76 7.77 7.77 7.57

Tianjin 5.75 5.75 6.50 6.60 9.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00

Hebei 6.47 6.47 5.81 6.02 6.16 6.68 7.38 7.51 6.87 6.85 7.55 7.21

Shanxi 5.40 5.75 6.26 6.23 6.14 6.58 6.57 6.75 5.87 6.63 6.39 7.29

Inner Mongolia 5.76 5.74 5.74 5.91 6.43 6.30 6.30 6.34 6.34 6.34 6.34 6.34

Liaoning 6.20 6.63 6.67 6.80 7.41 8.89 8.45 8.17 8.22 8.08 8.14 8.35

Jilin 6.55 6.40 6.30 6.28 6.38 6.67 7.23 7.38 7.62 7.48 7.55 7.69

Heilongjiang 7.38 7.08 7.20 6.49 6.51 6.53 7.99 8.19 8.37 7.78 7.96 8.07

Shanghai 6.20 6.45 6.83 6.89 7.90 8.75 9.08 9.08 9.10 9.33 9.23 9.00

Jiangsu 5.60 6.47 6.53 6.47 6.80 6.80 7.47 7.63 7.57 7.57 7.87 7.80

Zhejiang 6.65 6.75 7.04 7.24 7.77 9.06 9.15 8.58 8.46 7.79 8.55 8.62

Anhui 6.18 6.09 6.27 6.54 7.27 8.58 7.45 8.87 7.98 8.35 7.41 7.97

Fujian 6.64 6.73 6.91 7.03 7.19 7.77 7.97 8.08 7.61 7.53 7.30 7.68

Jiangxi 6.37 6.38 6.34 6.55 6.64 6.85 6.73 6.68 6.63 6.68 6.60 6.87

Shandong 5.96 6.17 6.63 6.73 9.01 9.46 9.25 8.32 8.41 8.16 8.40 8.29

Henan 6.45 6.45 6.59 6.62 7.04 7.71 7.66 8.01 8.28 8.35 8.26 8.15

Hubei 5.92 6.00 6.32 6.26 6.36 6.77 6.75 7.76 7.39 7.50 7.61 7.46

Hunan 6.15 5.61 6.42 6.42 6.64 7.60 7.42 7.24 7.81 7.70 7.61 7.38

Guangdong 6.09 6.65 6.75 6.31 6.83 7.05 7.00 7.91 8.22 7.91 7.57 8.02

Guangxi 5.94 6.23 6.19 6.35 6.57 10.47 9.75 9.13 9.11 9.27 9.01 9.10

Hainan 6.95 7.24 7.34 7.64 7.80 11.50 11.50 10.93 11.50 11.50 9.25 11.50

Chongqing 6.13 6.21 6.21 6.10 7.46 9.46 7.75 8.70 8.80 8.78 8.25 8.38

Sichuan 5.68 6.34 6.19 5.76 6.14 6.15 6.99 7.24 7.25 7.78 7.73 7.81

Guizhou 6.36 6.31 6.48 6.55 6.78 7.02 7.38 7.32 7.39 7.43 7.48 7.40

Yunnan 6.41 6.36 6.45 6.46 6.74 7.08 7.74 7.69 7.66 7.45 7.50 7.58

Tibet

Shaanxi 6.37 6.35 6.47 6.91 6.10 6.94 6.65 7.24 7.36 7.23 7.31 7.24

Gansu 5.16 5.18 4.48 5.07 5.10 5.68 4.94 4.98 4.19 5.16 4.83 4.83

Qinghai 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00

Ningxia 5.40 5.40 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80

Xinjiang 6.73 6.59 6.78 6.97 7.10 7.67 7.83 6.75 7.47 7.29 7.27 7.44


Beijing 7.62 7.26 7.12 7.35 7.63 7.60 7.60 8.13 7.64 7.90 7.80 8.12

Tianjin 8.30 8.60 8.45 8.60 8.60 9.80 9.07 9.25 8.40 8.33 8.10 8.47

Hebei 7.66 7.66 7.39 7.85 7.57 8.01 7.76 8.04 7.53 8.13 8.65 10.04

Shanxi 7.63 8.40 8.67 9.00 7.93 8.63 8.17 8.18 7.82 7.82 8.23 8.48

Inner Mongolia 5.96 9.00 6.68 6.68 7.15 6.70 6.38 6.63 6.08 6.67 7.60 7.64

Liaoning 8.30 8.17 8.50 8.27 8.47 8.33 8.01 7.80 7.97 7.97 8.03 8.00

Jilin 7.58 7.58 7.61 7.64 8.07 7.75 8.00 7.93 7.89 7.90 7.99 8.70

Heilongjiang 7.88 8.66 8.90 7.80 8.73 9.51 9.13 9.71 8.86 8.40 8.85 9.93

Shanghai 8.73 9.27 8.80 9.10 9.38 9.13 9.08 8.68 8.05 8.55 8.68 8.78

Jiangsu 7.80 7.80 7.93 9.37 9.23 8.73 8.73 8.60 8.35 8.03 8.13 8.88

Zhejiang 8.53 8.62 8.69 8.54 8.75 9.22 9.02 8.94 9.05 8.88 8.59 8.62

Anhui 7.74 7.06 8.00 8.06 7.83 8.76 8.36 8.32 8.16 7.92 7.78 7.89

Fujian 8.40 8.56 8.40 8.69 8.53 8.80 8.40 8.86 9.12 8.63 8.96 9.37

Jiangxi 6.71 7.07 6.66 6.73 7.19 8.33 7.82 8.06 7.51 7.88 7.98 7.64

Shandong 8.20 8.68 8.92 8.87 8.76 8.57 7.35 7.51 7.36 7.20 7.04 7.45

Henan 8.82 8.57 8.23 8.33 8.78 8.96 8.64 8.90 8.47 8.44 8.84 8.75

Hubei 7.34 7.45 7.41 7.73 8.09 8.50 8.39 8.46 7.94 7.81 8.03 8.42

Hunan 7.42 8.38 8.03 7.92 7.49 7.65 8.31 8.18 8.24 8.60 8.60 8.41

Guangdong 8.03 7.50 7.98 7.88 7.88 8.14 8.36 8.41 8.35 8.28 8.33 8.49

Guangxi 9.01 9.46 9.09 8.99 9.20 9.46 9.24 9.29 8.86 8.71 8.79 8.96

Hainan 11.50 9.18 9.55 11.35 12.75 12.25 8.75 9.33 9.33 9.13 13.23 11.00

Chongqing 8.15 8.15 8.50 8.40 7.90 8.13 8.10 7.78 7.75 8.00 7.87 8.15

Sichuan 7.76 8.03 7.28 7.86 8.24 7.62 7.15 7.72 7.95 7.84 7.56 7.91

Guizhou 7.39 7.22 7.31 7.41 7.41 7.47 7.48 7.79 8.09 8.50 8.25 7.60

Yunnan 7.58 7.83 7.99 8.20 8.07 8.48 8.25 8.26 8.26 8.36 8.17 8.29

Tibet

Shaanxi 7.05 7.28 7.33 7.26 7.36 8.74 8.18 7.87 7.77 8.04 7.45 8.69

Gansu 6.23 6.90 7.25 8.40 8.87 6.95 8.68 9.08 8.05 8.05 8.15 8.15

Qinghai 7.40 8.00 8.00

Ningxia 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 6.00 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80 8.50

Xinjiang 7.72 7.63 8.04 7.95 7.79 8.27 8.35 8.60 8.08 8.49 8.95 9.46


82


Beijing 8.66 8.93 9.05 8.62 8.65 8.84 9.06 9.07 9.20 9.34 9.26 9.13

Tianjin 7.51 7.26 7.91 7.93 8.07 8.16 8.32 8.39 8.36 7.98 7.71 7.65

Hebei 8.64 8.51 8.83 9.00 8.85 9.17 9.29 9.25 9.43 9.35 8.96 8.79

Shanxi 7.87 7.91 7.95 8.22 7.93 8.35 8.67 8.63 8.55 8.56 8.36 8.02

Inner Mongolia 7.38 7.64 7.47 7.30 7.32 7.32 7.17 7.25 7.47 7.45 7.18 7.26

Liaoning 7.89 7.79 7.96 7.96 8.03 8.11 8.19 8.10 8.02 7.80 7.55 7.54

Jilin 8.53 8.35 8.35 8.49 8.53 8.64 9.13 9.16 9.00 8.56 8.44 8.25

Heilongjiang 10.21 10.03 10.03 9.95 9.88 9.93 9.97 9.98 9.88 9.50 9.23 8.87

Shanghai 7.71 7.71 7.84 7.70 7.92 8.11 8.81 8.11 7.89 7.07 6.65 6.65

Jiangsu 8.39 8.15 7.90 7.99 8.11 8.19 8.42 8.25 8.16 7.71 7.04 6.79

Zhejiang 8.47 8.37 8.36 8.30 8.32 8.47 8.59 8.50 8.38 7.82 7.50 7.31

Anhui 7.65 7.69 7.57 7.71 7.78 7.99 8.07 7.97 7.92 7.67 7.47 7.34

Fujian 9.39 9.38 9.42 9.35 9.38 9.48 9.48 9.41 9.32 9.00 8.76 8.69

Jiangxi 8.16 8.15 8.35 8.42 8.36 8.55 8.49 8.77 8.77 8.47 8.21 8.10

Shandong 7.42 7.40 7.63 7.65 7.82 8.05 8.35 8.31 8.49 8.29 8.02 7.72

Henan 8.68 8.84 8.71 8.73 8.91 9.10 9.34 9.27 9.17 8.59 8.27 8.04

Hubei 8.23 8.31 8.83 8.71 8.48 8.60 8.68 8.77 8.65 8.54 8.44 8.29

Hunan 9.18 9.78 9.38 9.26 9.34 9.49 9.73 9.78 9.47 9.16 8.79 8.66

Guangdong 9.01 9.27 9.26 9.25 8.97 9.00 9.24 9.32 9.24 8.95 8.38 8.24

Guangxi 8.81 8.95 9.12 9.15 9.31 9.41 9.65 9.62 9.45 8.96 8.74 8.47

Hainan 13.23 13.52 13.80 12.65 12.54 12.54

Chongqing 8.38 8.27 8.21 8.14 8.16 8.29 8.65 8.49 8.62 8.32 7.78 7.53

Sichuan 8.11 8.17 7.95 8.18 7.93 8.00 8.41 8.49 8.39 8.27 8.28 8.30

Guizhou 8.09 7.74 7.87 7.62 7.60 7.66 7.80 7.92 7.82 7.47 7.25 7.14

Yunnan 7.81 7.84 7.71 7.92 7.99 8.02 8.15 8.06 8.01 7.72 7.54 7.46

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.40 8.30 8.57 8.53 8.46 8.45 8.62 8.65 8.57 8.43 8.30 8.24

Gansu 8.06 7.87 7.94 7.73 7.52 8.37 8.37 8.22 8.26 8.51 8.50 8.32

Qinghai 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00

Ningxia 8.71 8.47 8.56 8.61 8.65 8.76 9.13 8.94 8.77 8.29 8.37 8.27

Xinjiang 9.18 9.15 9.63 9.61 9.76 9.88 9.98 9.94 9.90 9.78 9.53 8.87


Beijing 8.48 8.05 8.03 7.99 8.13 8.22 8.31 8.43 8.58 9.08 10.03 10.81

Tianjin 7.63 7.61 7.48 7.57 7.65 7.93 7.97 7.99 8.33 9.02 9.88 10.37

Hebei 8.71 8.60 8.50 8.59 8.60 8.58 8.69 8.77 8.87 9.08 9.29 9.40

Shanxi 8.00 8.06 8.07 7.93 7.89 7.93 7.98 8.03 8.05 8.06 8.16 8.24

Inner Mongolia 7.32 7.39 7.41 7.52 7.53 7.54 7.58 7.59 7.62 7.63 7.64 7.78

Liaoning 7.73 7.85 8.11 8.14 8.30 8.36 8.43 8.55 8.81 9.20 9.40 9.64

Jilin 8.16 8.01 7.93 8.06 8.05 8.09 8.17 8.44 8.86 9.35 9.68 10.13

Heilongjiang 8.70 8.81 8.62 8.59 8.57 8.57 8.49 8.50 8.44 8.57 9.09 9.36

Shanghai 6.72 6.92 6.96 7.25 7.50 7.69 7.83 7.95 8.68 9.62 10.01 10.21

Jiangsu 6.96 6.94 6.96 7.11 7.43 7.51 7.59 7.66 8.05 9.06 9.68 10.09

Zhejiang 7.43 7.37 7.32 7.41 7.55 7.64 7.79 7.82 8.19 8.74 9.56 10.05

Anhui 7.28 7.34 7.39 7.45 7.52 7.52 7.53 7.57 7.83 8.43 8.61 8.86

Fujian 8.70 8.59 8.51 8.53 8.64 8.71 8.74 8.81 9.06 9.44 9.93 10.26

Jiangxi 8.23 8.30 8.23 8.27 8.41 8.41 8.49 8.50 8.51 8.66 8.82 9.04

Shandong 7.70 7.78 7.80 7.82 7.77 7.82 7.84 7.86 8.00 8.20 8.60 8.84

Henan 7.96 7.91 7.74 7.78 7.85 7.99 8.08 8.10 8.37 8.73 9.24 9.59

Hubei 8.25 8.12 7.94 8.02 8.04 8.27 8.32 8.40 8.65 9.29 9.60 9.81

Hunan 8.65 9.30 9.16 9.03 8.76 8.66 8.59 8.55 8.65 8.92 9.25 9.45

Guangdong 8.21 8.21 8.12 8.20 8.24 8.42 8.48 8.54 8.78 9.14 9.77 10.24

Guangxi 8.61 8.75 8.74 8.74 8.78 8.97 8.89 8.97 9.18 9.70 10.10 10.54

Hainan 8.13 8.57 8.84 8.94 8.96 9.00 10.62

Chongqing 7.63 7.61 7.50 7.64 7.89 7.97 7.89 8.05 8.64 9.44 9.88 10.00

Sichuan 8.23 8.21 8.20 8.18 8.17 8.13 8.24 8.28 8.33 8.75 9.05 9.47

Guizhou 7.22 7.25 7.23 7.34 7.43 7.59 7.92 8.07 8.17 8.24 8.59 8.87

Yunnan 7.35 7.38 7.38 7.61 7.78 7.82 7.96 8.03 8.40 8.74 9.13 9.55

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.08 8.02 8.06 8.07 8.06 8.06 8.08 8.13 8.24 8.11 8.15 8.24

Gansu 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.30 8.29 8.16 8.06 8.29 8.42 8.43 8.47 8.30

Qinghai 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00

Ningxia 8.38 8.21 8.09 8.09 8.01 7.93 7.88 7.88 7.94 7.49 7.76 8.04

Xinjiang 8.85 8.81 8.60 8.53 8.60 8.73 8.67 8.62 9.06 9.65 9.74 10.08


83


Beijing 11.54 11.64 11.13 11.39 11.77 12.55 11.94 11.68 11.68 11.52 11.45 11.21

Tianjin 10.91 10.88 11.00 12.04 12.98 12.75 12.67 12.59 12.61 12.51 12.51 12.49

Hebei 9.65 9.82 9.95 10.27 10.61 10.48 10.33 10.25 10.27 10.34 10.24 10.04

Shanxi 8.67 8.76 8.72 8.85 9.12 9.14 9.25 9.34 9.52 9.57 9.69 9.63

Inner Mongolia 8.07 8.14 8.11 8.10 8.10 8.12 8.09 8.05 7.86 7.92 8.02 8.02

Liaoning 9.75 9.61 9.70 9.89 9.79 9.98 9.85 9.82 9.80 9.69 9.12 9.15

Jilin 10.57 10.57 10.84 11.49 11.71 11.32 11.00 10.83 10.87 10.74 10.82 10.97

Heilongjiang 9.57 9.61 9.88 10.48 10.69 10.72 10.42 10.22 10.14 10.11 10.12 10.30

Shanghai 11.30 11.66 12.57 13.74 14.00 13.67 13.19 12.00 11.85 11.39 11.43 11.17

Jiangsu 10.35 10.34 11.35 12.16 12.27 12.10 11.73 11.65 11.40 11.00 10.85 10.61

Zhejiang 10.39 10.45 10.71 11.56 11.88 11.82 11.33 11.00 11.30 11.40 11.22 11.04

Anhui 9.22 9.49 9.64 9.96 10.11 10.08 9.56 9.54 9.49 9.64 9.59 9.43

Fujian 10.45 10.40 10.73 11.10 11.07 11.14 11.06 11.05 10.98 10.89 10.97 10.90

Jiangxi 9.24 9.19 9.33 9.72 9.90 10.07 10.43 10.44 10.55 10.61 10.70 10.66

Shandong 9.11 9.12 9.75 10.72 11.16 11.05 11.28 11.75 12.12 12.15 12.42 12.49

Henan 9.80 9.95 10.03 10.39 10.49 10.59 10.79 10.71 10.74 10.86 10.68 10.66

Hubei 10.13 10.33 10.29 10.83 11.37 11.47 11.34 11.45 11.50 11.53 11.59 11.23

Hunan 9.70 9.72 9.70 10.04 10.14 10.01 9.90 9.87 9.87 9.82 9.73 9.72

Guangdong 10.43 10.37 10.50 10.80 11.04 11.37 11.68 11.88 11.92 12.03 12.21 12.27

Guangxi 10.70 10.80 11.15 11.70 11.93 11.56 11.38 11.41 11.40 11.56 11.61 11.70

Hainan

Chongqing 10.39 10.31 10.96 11.50 11.30 10.92 10.40 10.58 10.99 11.02 10.81 10.82

Sichuan 9.60 9.53 9.67 10.21 10.67 10.74 10.82 11.15 11.15 11.28 11.50 11.61

Guizhou 9.25 9.42 9.52 9.64 9.80 10.05 10.09 9.89 9.85 9.62 9.57 9.65

Yunnan 10.26 10.38 10.81 11.41 11.52 11.41 11.27 11.24 11.22 11.09 11.14 11.12

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.44 8.44 8.46 8.40 8.47 8.46 8.38 8.38 8.35 8.36 8.40 8.40

Gansu 8.20 8.17 8.15 8.10 8.10 8.13 8.23 9.06 10.06 10.14 10.18 10.10

Qinghai 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00

Ningxia 8.02 8.52 9.25 9.27 9.04 9.26 9.59 9.50 10.22 10.57 10.41 10.30

Xinjiang 10.60 10.85 11.82 12.66 12.91 13.29 12.75 12.77 12.67 12.57 12.66 12.81


Beijing 11.14 11.36 11.84 12.18 12.31 11.97 11.51 11.61 11.46 11.22 11.12 11.17

Tianjin 12.59 12.71 13.09 13.24 13.24 13.22 13.09 12.48 12.48 12.38 12.29 12.15

Hebei 10.02 10.00 10.36 10.44 10.36 10.31 10.29 9.85 9.72 9.69 9.71 9.82

Shanxi 9.61 9.59 9.31 9.19 9.32 9.32 9.46 9.47 9.51 9.56 9.40 9.23

Inner Mongolia 7.99 8.05 8.19 8.30 8.31 8.31 8.31 8.30 8.31 8.33 8.26 8.29

Liaoning 9.46 9.71 9.90 9.72 9.48 9.40 9.45 9.38 9.18 9.21 9.29 9.28

Jilin 11.26 11.46 11.86 11.79 11.69 11.65 11.82 12.02 11.94 11.97 11.86 11.60

Heilongjiang 10.89 11.02 11.37 11.49 11.50 11.56 11.63 11.64 11.69 11.53 11.18 11.15

Shanghai 11.58 12.02 12.64 12.63 11.40 10.69 10.70 10.57 10.18 9.26 9.01 9.16

Jiangsu 10.58 11.22 11.59 11.32 11.13 10.80 10.38 10.16 9.99 9.63 9.38 9.36

Zhejiang 11.18 11.52 12.18 12.11 11.62 11.40 11.38 11.36 11.21 10.69 10.42 10.16

Anhui 9.55 9.67 9.96 9.78 9.44 9.33 9.45 9.40 9.33 9.31 9.39 9.49

Fujian 11.14 11.27 11.36 11.30 11.14 11.13 11.14 11.32 11.23 11.20 11.04 10.64

Jiangxi 10.63 10.69 10.72 10.67 10.67 10.79 11.01 11.26 11.21 11.00 11.04 11.08

Shandong 12.16 12.31 12.51 12.12 11.92 11.92 12.16 12.16 12.10 11.94 12.02 11.92

Henan 11.07 11.25 11.62 11.67 11.65 11.67 11.59 11.56 11.35 11.13 10.95 10.81

Hubei 10.89 11.07 11.51 11.74 11.90 11.92 12.00 11.52 11.59 11.74 11.56 11.57

Hunan 9.74 10.27 10.40 10.17 10.08 9.95 10.02 10.06 10.09 9.87 9.86 9.82

Guangdong 12.29 12.49 12.62 12.53 12.56 12.80 13.20 12.99 12.84 12.53 12.27 12.10

Guangxi 11.96 12.31 12.48 12.26 11.95 11.76 11.60 11.59 11.61 11.58 11.42 11.30

Hainan

Chongqing 11.59 12.35 12.41 12.04 11.55 11.16 11.23 11.13 11.09 10.72 10.39 10.28

Sichuan 11.63 11.76 12.15 12.46 12.33 12.30 12.28 12.12 12.09 11.97 11.85 11.76

Guizhou 9.60 9.53 9.63 9.61 9.47 9.42 9.39 9.42 9.46 9.38 9.33 9.29

Yunnan 11.10 11.40 11.85 11.91 11.77 11.54 11.49 11.21 10.89 10.92 10.94 10.90

Tibet

Shaanxi 8.28 8.33 8.33 8.27 8.36 8.49 8.59 8.62 8.62 8.69 8.85 9.27

Gansu 10.00 10.00 9.96 9.74 9.81 9.89 9.93 9.90 9.89 9.99 10.20 10.16

Qinghai 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00

Ningxia 11.17 11.68 12.63 13.09 12.74 12.95 12.81 12.50 12.65 12.48 12.18 12.38

Xinjiang 12.88 12.95 13.17 13.26 13.42 13.31 13.38 13.48 13.82 13.80 13.71 13.55


84

Exhibit 150: Hog Compound Feed Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 1.43 1.40 1.08 1.08 1.20 1.15 1.15 1.32 1.42 1.41 1.47 1.39

Tianjin 1.18 1.20 1.02 0.99 1.00 1.12 1.11 1.41 1.22 1.18 1.25 1.24

Hebei 1.14 1.24 1.06 1.02 1.05 1.19 1.14 1.13 1.19 1.18 1.19 1.17

Shanxi 1.44 1.07 1.37 1.25 1.31 1.46 1.40 1.22 1.32 1.31 1.16 1.24

Inner Mongolia 1.21 1.12 1.47 1.43 1.10 1.62 1.54 1.61 1.64 1.60 1.55 1.37

Liaoning 1.20 1.15 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.14 1.20 1.25 1.24 1.24 1.27 1.25

Jilin 1.28 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.25 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.33

Heilongjiang 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.28 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.30

Shanghai 1.40 1.36 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.46 1.49 1.55 1.58 1.58 1.59

Jiangsu 1.23 1.26 1.23 1.28 1.23 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.15 1.15 1.30 1.23

Zhejiang 1.49 1.45 1.43 1.44 1.41 1.46 1.49 1.50 1.45 1.54 1.45 1.51

Anhui 1.18 1.32 1.31 1.14 1.38 1.36 1.40 1.27 1.27 1.41 1.46 1.48

Fujian 1.54 1.54 1.52 1.46 1.49 1.47 1.52 1.51 1.42 1.48 1.52 1.53

Jiangxi 1.72 1.66 1.70 1.61 1.81 1.61 1.62 1.69 1.63 1.69 1.65 1.62

Shandong 1.14 1.17 1.19 1.15 1.18 1.13 1.22 1.15 1.18 1.27 1.23 1.19

Henan 1.44 1.33 1.44 1.31 1.30 1.32 1.29 1.23 1.33 1.32 1.39 1.44

Hubei 1.85 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.75 1.76 1.76 1.79 1.69 1.70 0.75 1.96

Hunan 1.68 1.68 1.64 1.55 1.61 1.51 1.68 1.53 1.70 1.35 1.50 1.67

Guangdong 1.89 1.90 1.89 1.89 1.93 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.99 1.94 1.94 1.94

Guangxi 1.84 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.81 1.80 1.83 1.81 1.80 1.77 1.82 1.86

Hainan 2.30 2.30 2.43 2.27 2.39 2.29 2.39 2.30 2.36 2.30 2.17 2.35

Chongqing 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.36 1.38 1.38 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.44 1.43 1.43

Sichuan 1.71 1.73 1.73 1.68 1.69 1.67 1.63 1.65 1.67 1.64 1.50 1.75

Guizhou 1.23 1.38 1.10 1.39 1.40 1.37 1.36 2.18 4.41 1.56 1.39 1.46

Yunnan 1.84 1.74 1.76 1.75 1.84 2.09 1.82 1.82 1.79 1.82 1.80 1.75

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.53 1.43 1.47 1.16 1.19 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.70 1.44 1.46 1.59

Gansu 1.36 1.42 1.29 1.21 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.28 1.24 1.21 1.24 1.24

Qinghai 1.20 1.80 1.72 1.70 1.10 1.30 1.36 1.89 1.37 1.18 1.49 1.52

Ningxia 1.20 1.30 1.00 1.40 1.12 1.70 1.70 1.50

Xinjiang 1.25 1.40 1.40 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.25


Beijing 1.34 1.47 1.56 1.45 1.37 1.35 1.46 1.52 1.31 1.33 1.42 1.33

Tianjin 1.31 1.34 1.35 1.38 1.36 1.38 1.16 1.32 1.30 1.17

Hebei 1.22 1.18 1.27 1.27 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.32 1.27 1.32 1.24 1.28

Shanxi 1.39 1.25 1.49 1.39 1.37 1.63 1.60 1.62 1.61 1.66 1.48 1.79

Inner Mongolia 1.32 1.35 1.50 1.62 1.45 1.53 1.59 1.58 1.39 1.62 1.62 1.28

Liaoning 1.27 1.32 1.28 1.27 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.31 1.27

Jilin 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.39 1.38 1.35 1.40 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.39 1.36

Heilongjiang 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.30

Shanghai 1.66 1.62 1.59 1.61 1.63 1.65 1.70 1.69 1.73 1.65 1.63 1.71

Jiangsu 1.23 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.32 1.34 1.34 1.37 1.33 1.32 1.30 1.31

Zhejiang 1.51 1.54 1.56 1.57 1.60 1.58 1.58 1.57 1.55 1.53 1.62 1.52

Anhui 1.60 1.58 1.36 1.50 1.53 1.45 1.49 3.79 1.51 1.53 1.47 1.52

Fujian 1.55 1.57 1.64 1.64 1.53 1.66 1.51 1.52 1.55 1.54 1.55 1.56

Jiangxi 1.60 1.57 1.56 1.59 1.60 1.60 1.51 1.65 1.62 1.64 1.63 1.65

Shandong 1.25 1.28 1.23 1.34 1.39 1.32 1.30 1.49 1.25 1.22 1.20

Henan 1.47 1.46 1.52 1.48 1.50 1.50 1.47 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.41 1.42

Hubei 1.80 1.83 1.83 1.91 1.92 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.81 1.80 1.79

Hunan 1.75 1.71 1.71 1.58 1.70 1.74 1.72 1.77 1.77 1.72 1.74 1.63

Guangdong 1.96 2.00 2.08 2.01 2.03 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.04 2.02 2.01 2.00

Guangxi 1.91 1.89 1.89 1.91 1.97 1.90 1.94 1.89 1.90 1.89

Hainan 2.20 2.34 2.41 2.41 2.47 2.41 2.45 2.13 2.28 2.21 2.21 2.20

Chongqing 1.32 1.35 1.27 1.33 1.33 1.34 1.42 1.32 1.52 1.44 1.49

Sichuan 1.87 1.71 1.72 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.70 1.70 1.73 1.72 1.72 1.69

Guizhou 1.47 1.30 1.93 1.75 1.75 1.78 2.25 1.15 1.87 1.15 1.68 1.59

Yunnan 1.81 1.86 1.82 1.81 1.80 1.83 1.83 1.85 1.84 1.81 1.81 1.83

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.36 1.50 1.59 1.55 1.61 1.58 1.64 1.69 1.56 1.62 1.58 1.52

Gansu 1.33 1.30 1.34 1.31 1.34 1.33 1.39 1.39 1.41 1.34 1.38 1.35

Qinghai 1.56 1.57 1.63 1.59 1.57 1.38 1.36 1.38 1.31 1.27 1.28

Ningxia 1.80 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.70

Xinjiang 1.40 1.50 1.37 1.52 1.56 1.44 1.73 2.60 1.33


85


Beijing 1.34 1.29 1.29 1.32 1.32 1.38 1.39 1.38 1.39 1.39 1.37 1.40

Tianjin 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.16 1.11 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.13 1.22 1.23 1.23

Hebei 1.19 1.22 1.19 1.20 1.22 1.29 1.29 1.26 1.28 1.32 1.26 1.25

Shanxi 1.46 1.60 1.50 1.51 1.42 1.44 1.35 1.43 1.45 1.43 1.43 1.29

Inner Mongolia 1.37 1.30 1.46 1.57 1.59 2.04 1.72 1.55 1.58 1.57 1.81 1.59

Liaoning 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.27 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.31 1.27 1.26 1.29

Jilin 1.45 1.45 1.30 1.29 1.31 1.32 1.35 1.35 1.33 1.32 1.30 1.32

Heilongjiang 1.30 1.10 1.72 1.32 1.21 1.39 1.60 1.61 1.61 1.54 1.38 1.66

Shanghai 1.62 1.66 1.47 1.44 1.61 1.67 1.65 1.68 1.70 1.68 1.61 1.60

Jiangsu 1.23 1.31 1.26 1.23 1.21 1.22 1.20 1.24 1.23 1.23 1.37 1.50

Zhejiang 1.51 1.52 1.49 1.47 1.57 1.54 1.56 1.50 1.59 1.56 1.50 1.52

Anhui 1.60 1.44 1.45 1.42 1.47 1.50 1.51 1.58 1.44 1.47 1.47 1.45

Fujian 1.53 1.47 1.53 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.51 1.58 1.61 1.49 1.58 1.52

Jiangxi 1.61 1.53 1.58 1.56 1.52 1.55 1.56 1.58 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.61

Shandong 1.22 1.17 1.23 1.33 1.27 1.23 1.30 1.26 1.29 1.28 1.26 1.29

Henan 1.43 1.39 1.41 1.42 1.42 1.58 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.37 1.37 1.46

Hubei 1.82 1.79 1.82 1.75 1.76 1.81 1.75 1.73 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.65

Hunan 1.69 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.65 1.71 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.67 1.64 1.62

Guangdong 2.00 1.95 2.00 2.04 2.02 2.05 2.05 2.08 2.07 2.07 2.06 2.02

Guangxi 1.83 1.94 1.88 1.90 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.84 2.20 1.89 1.88 1.88

Hainan 2.10 2.10 2.07 1.97 1.97 1.84 1.87 1.84 1.87 1.87 1.83 1.80

Chongqing 1.65 1.63 1.32 1.37 1.40 1.42 1.43 1.41 1.40 1.44 1.32 1.32

Sichuan 1.69 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.61 1.60 1.67 1.56 1.63 1.61 1.57

Guizhou 1.74 1.61 1.59 1.67 1.66 1.59 1.59 1.45 1.57 1.62 1.43 1.63

Yunnan 1.82 1.84 1.83 1.82 1.82 1.80 1.83 1.82 1.81 1.81 1.80 1.80

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.52 1.52 1.67 1.58 1.67 1.67 1.54 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.40 1.94

Gansu 1.39 1.38 1.34 1.34 1.49 1.43 1.41 1.31 1.34 1.35 1.33 1.33

Qinghai 1.27 1.26 1.28 1.28 1.29 1.24 1.24 1.26 1.21 1.34 1.19 1.11

Ningxia 1.40 1.73 1.45 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.60 1.70 1.68 2.60 2.60

Xinjiang 1.28 1.31 1.44 1.45 1.58 1.49 1.44 1.82 1.64 1.89 1.45


Beijing 1.38 1.48 1.38 1.46 1.49 1.46 1.33 1.29 1.29 1.44 1.50 1.50

Tianjin 1.23 1.23 1.22 1.27 1.24 1.23 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.27 1.35 1.40

Hebei 1.29 1.28 1.28 1.40 1.26 1.27 1.27 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.39 1.44

Shanxi 1.46 1.71 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.57 1.58 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.49 1.56

Inner Mongolia 1.63 1.81 1.67 1.88 1.88 1.82 2.01 1.65 1.79 1.86 2.21 2.33

Liaoning 1.27 1.28 1.35 1.30 1.28 1.28 1.31 1.29 1.32 1.37 1.40 1.40

Jilin 1.34 1.47 1.47 1.46 1.50 1.52 1.49 1.84 1.52 1.51 1.73 1.72

Heilongjiang 1.51 1.62 1.58 1.46 1.35 1.33 1.49 1.46 1.44 1.67 1.70 1.56

Shanghai 1.59 1.55 1.58 1.57 1.50 1.58 1.58 1.54 1.55 1.56 2.00 1.91

Jiangsu 1.39 1.44 1.28 1.27 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.37 1.46 1.52 1.58

Zhejiang 1.59 1.61 1.54 1.58 1.56 1.51 1.54 1.62 1.62 1.70 1.77 1.78

Anhui 1.49 1.51 1.51 1.50 1.51 1.43 1.46 1.51 1.55 1.64 1.70 1.71

Fujian 1.69 1.53 1.63 1.64 1.67 1.66 1.67 1.66 1.69 1.74 1.87 1.86

Jiangxi 1.59 1.59 1.58 1.56 1.57 1.57 1.54 1.55 1.57 1.62 1.82

Shandong 1.29 1.28 1.29 1.28 1.28 1.25 1.27 1.26 1.35 1.42 1.47 1.51

Henan 1.43 1.42 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.40 1.42 1.49 1.49 1.60 1.67 1.65

Hubei 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.67 1.69 1.67 1.66 1.68 1.70 1.87 1.85

Hunan 1.65 1.57 1.66 1.65 1.63 1.62 1.59 1.57 1.64 1.70 1.90 1.89

Guangdong 1.96 2.03 2.03 1.99 2.02 2.01 2.01 2.02 2.05 2.09 2.12 2.12

Guangxi 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.86 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.91 1.89 2.00 2.01

Hainan 1.90 1.57 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 2.03 2.07 2.07 2.30 2.27

Chongqing 1.44 1.43 1.44 1.46 1.44 1.45 1.48 1.38 1.38 1.51 1.67 1.67

Sichuan 1.61 1.65 1.66 1.59 1.58 1.78 1.60 1.71 1.71 1.67 1.82 1.94

Guizhou 1.63 1.64 1.67 1.61 1.64 1.60 1.65 1.64 1.59 1.56 1.82 1.81

Yunnan 1.81 1.79 1.83 1.84 1.85 1.85 1.87 1.89 1.94 1.96 2.11 2.14

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.64 1.70 2.40 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72

Gansu 1.31 1.38 1.31 1.34 1.37 1.35 1.34 1.36 1.32 1.32 1.44 1.41

Qinghai 1.19 1.24 1.10 1.10 1.18 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.33

Ningxia 2.26 1.18 1.22 6.27 1.39 1.38 1.38 1.39 1.39 1.40 1.52 1.49

Xinjiang 1.51 1.22 1.71 1.48 1.40 1.47 1.78 1.50 1.53 1.91 1.76 2.08


86


Beijing 1.48 1.42 1.56 1.62 1.69 1.75 1.84 1.84 1.78 1.76 1.73 1.68

Tianjin 1.36 1.40 1.57 1.64 1.61 1.61 1.75 1.71 1.74 1.65 1.64 1.59

Hebei 1.38 1.42 1.44 1.54 1.54 1.53 1.56 1.61 1.58 1.58 1.56 1.51

Shanxi 1.45 1.49 1.55 1.62 1.61 1.64 1.65 1.69 1.68 1.72 1.68 1.71

Inner Mongolia 2.30 2.29 2.30 2.53 2.57 2.55 2.58 2.58 2.67 2.72 2.61 2.62

Liaoning 1.40 1.37 1.42 1.58 1.55 1.59 1.57 1.57 1.52 1.56 1.51 1.50

Jilin 1.73 1.37 1.38 1.47 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.61 1.64 1.62 1.53 1.47

Heilongjiang 1.66 1.68 1.60 1.81 1.75 1.83 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.79 1.72 1.88

Shanghai 1.94 1.95 2.20 2.08 2.35 2.16 2.26 2.21 2.21 2.18 2.05 2.02

Jiangsu 1.58 1.59 1.65 1.75 1.79 1.79 1.73 1.76 1.79 1.78 1.78 1.72

Zhejiang 1.76 1.82 1.89 2.06 1.98 1.97 1.91 2.08 2.00 2.02 2.01 1.90

Anhui 1.62 1.75 1.67 1.81 1.81 1.72 1.82 1.89 1.96 1.90 1.72 1.75

Fujian 2.00 1.91 2.00 2.07 2.03 2.03 2.05 2.05 2.08 2.05 1.99 1.96

Jiangxi 1.78 1.81 1.90 1.96 1.93 1.95 1.98 1.94 1.97 2.00 1.96 1.91

Shandong 1.48 1.43 1.51 1.63 1.68 1.73 1.70 1.72 1.75 1.67 1.60 1.61

Henan 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.78 1.72 1.73 1.75 1.77 1.76 1.77 1.71 1.71

Hubei 1.87 1.84 1.93 1.96 1.91 1.94 1.99 2.05 2.10 2.08 1.97 1.98

Hunan 1.89 1.92 2.03 2.11 2.11 2.07 2.10 2.11 2.18 2.20 2.05 2.11

Guangdong 2.13 2.14 2.22 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.31 2.34 2.37 2.36 2.28 2.25

Guangxi 2.03 2.03 2.08 2.11 2.10 2.15 2.17 2.19 2.19 2.22 2.18 2.17

Hainan 2.10 2.15 2.16 2.21 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.23 2.22 2.14 2.12

Chongqing 1.56 1.59 1.69 1.87 1.81 1.89 1.82 1.82 1.93 1.85 1.87 1.89

Sichuan 1.97 1.87 1.92 1.98 2.10 2.06 2.07 2.07 2.11 2.12 2.11 2.12

Guizhou 1.68 1.79 1.75 1.88 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.89 1.92 1.88 1.90 1.88

Yunnan 2.16 2.14 2.14 2.29 2.32 2.30 2.32 2.36 2.37 2.34 2.38 2.35

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.87 1.96 1.84 1.98 1.91 1.89 1.89 1.95 1.89 2.02 1.94 1.95

Gansu 1.46 1.40 1.46 1.50 1.69 1.69 1.72 1.77 1.64 1.67 1.65 1.64

Qinghai 1.65 1.25 1.30 1.17 1.38 1.48 1.38 1.40 1.30 1.42 1.34 1.15

Ningxia 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.59 1.59 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.80 1.80 1.69 1.73

Xinjiang 1.85 1.59 1.35 1.84 1.70 2.12 1.91 1.43 1.43 1.83 1.81 1.44


Beijing 1.72 1.72 1.67 1.71 1.76 1.63 1.74 1.69 1.71 1.70 1.68 1.67

Tianjin 1.60 1.58 1.64 1.62 1.61 1.62 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.60 1.59 1.62

Hebei 1.50 1.52 1.51 1.53 1.56 1.55 1.56 1.55 1.59 1.56 1.53

Shanxi 1.64 1.66 1.54 1.56 1.55 1.51 1.58 1.53 1.52 1.58 1.54 1.52

Inner Mongolia 2.37 2.90 2.47 2.44 2.53 2.52 2.39 2.38 2.33 2.40 2.41 2.37

Liaoning 1.47 1.46 1.48 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.58 1.55 1.55 1.50 1.67

Jilin 1.46 1.45 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.56 1.56 1.72 1.53 1.51 1.50

Heilongjiang 1.81 1.94 1.86 1.75 1.81 1.93 1.77 1.62 1.62 1.58 1.53 1.49

Shanghai 1.99 1.96 1.97 2.00 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.74 1.96 1.94 1.99 1.93

Jiangsu 1.69 1.62 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.73 1.68 1.69 1.70 1.71 1.66

Zhejiang 1.93 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.80 1.94 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.94 1.90 1.89

Anhui 1.79 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.80 1.83 1.82 1.83 1.83 1.66 1.69 1.69

Fujian 1.96 2.01 2.07 2.02 1.99 1.98 1.98 1.93 1.96 1.98 2.00 1.99

Jiangxi 1.98 1.94 1.94 1.99 2.00 1.96 1.98 1.85 1.93 1.91 1.92 1.90

Shandong 1.58 1.58 1.55 1.61 1.56 1.62 1.60 1.66 1.65 1.66 1.67 1.61

Henan 1.73 1.74 1.77 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.66

Hubei 2.00 1.98 2.01 1.99 1.98 1.94 1.92 1.97 1.99 1.99 1.98 1.92

Hunan 2.07 2.04 2.10 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.07 2.09 2.08 2.10 2.09 2.10

Guangdong 2.21 2.22 2.26 2.23 2.21 2.24 2.21 2.21 2.20 2.20 2.16 2.44

Guangxi 3.77 2.36 2.37 2.23 2.21 2.21 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.17 2.18 2.17

Hainan 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.11 2.11 2.07 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.08 2.11

Chongqing 1.90 1.85 1.86 1.88 1.81 1.74 1.66 1.67 1.64 1.68 1.70 1.69

Sichuan 2.12 2.10 2.11 2.11 2.11 1.91 2.02 2.00 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.98

Guizhou 1.86 1.90 2.00 1.91 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.94 1.87 1.93 1.93 1.87

Yunnan 2.36 2.35 2.34 2.35 2.34 2.34 2.33 2.36 2.36 2.36 2.37 2.21

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.05 2.09 2.05 2.13 1.98 2.09 2.05 2.13 1.92 1.97 1.84 1.68

Gansu 1.62 1.62 1.65 1.65 1.72 1.68 1.66 1.72 1.62 1.68 1.66 1.67

Qinghai 1.30 1.64 1.30 1.32 1.32 1.50 1.56 1.53 1.38 1.44 1.51 1.43

Ningxia 1.62 1.64 1.63 1.65 1.65 1.67 1.67 1.71 1.77 1.77 1.67 1.63

Xinjiang 1.70 2.06 1.71 1.83 1.85 1.58 1.71 1.68 1.67 1.62 1.62 1.54


87


Beijing 1.67 1.57 1.55 1.64 1.70 1.72 1.67 1.78 1.77 1.74 1.75 1.74

Tianjin 1.52 1.64 1.58 1.60 1.68 1.69 1.72 1.67 1.72 1.73 1.67 1.76

Hebei 1.55 1.53 1.53 1.56 1.58 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.62 1.64 1.66 1.76

Shanxi 1.52 1.61 1.64 1.60 1.63 1.63 1.70 1.73 1.73 1.75 1.79 1.82

Inner Mongolia 2.44 2.39 2.33 2.42 2.32 2.35 2.34 2.34 2.35 2.35 2.38 2.37

Liaoning 1.64 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.56 1.52 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.56 1.61

Jilin 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.52 1.53 1.61 1.65 1.64 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.72

Heilongjiang 1.56 1.60 1.63 1.64 1.61 1.65 1.65 1.64 1.65 1.64 1.59 1.67

Shanghai 1.95 1.93 1.96 1.91 1.94 2.02 2.01 1.99 1.95 1.99 2.06 2.00

Jiangsu 1.68 1.67 1.65 1.63 1.65 1.67 1.66 1.69 1.70 1.68 1.71 1.78

Zhejiang 1.87 1.88 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.91 1.90 1.90 1.91 1.91 1.94 1.99

Anhui 1.85 1.73 1.75 1.77 1.83 1.91 1.87 3.08 1.78 1.80 1.95 1.94

Fujian 1.95 1.93 1.99 1.90 1.95 1.96 1.96 1.98 1.96 1.94 2.05 2.13

Jiangxi 1.90 1.83 1.89 1.92 1.90 1.92 1.88 1.92 1.94 1.95 1.96 2.01

Shandong 1.60 1.59 1.56 1.56 1.60 1.63 1.63 1.67 1.64 1.58 1.64 1.68

Henan 1.69 1.67 1.68 1.67 1.69 1.65 1.68 1.73 1.73 1.68 1.70 1.86

Hubei 1.94 1.93 1.94 1.93 1.93 2.01 2.00 1.93 1.96 1.99 1.99 2.06

Hunan 2.17 2.16 2.15 2.10 2.08 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.27 2.28 2.57

Guangdong 2.16 2.16 2.17 2.14 2.14 2.14 2.19 2.18 2.20 2.20 2.26 2.29

Guangxi 2.17 2.19 2.16 2.15 2.17 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.29

Hainan 1.86 1.87 2.30 2.06 1.81 1.81 1.85 1.83 1.86 1.86 1.87 2.00

Chongqing 1.72 1.74 1.82 1.76 1.83 1.85 1.79 1.83 1.82 2.02 1.82 1.82

Sichuan 1.96 1.97 1.99 1.98 1.96 2.01 2.02 2.06 2.01 2.03 2.01 2.05

Guizhou 1.85 1.84 1.85 1.84 1.88 1.84 1.86 1.87 1.85 1.88 1.88 1.89

Yunnan 2.24 2.35 2.22 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.25 2.27 2.27 2.24

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.75 1.76 1.73 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.82 1.82 1.70 1.78 1.70 1.75

Gansu 1.65 1.66 1.69 1.72 1.66 1.72 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.76 1.73 1.81

Qinghai 1.44 1.47 1.45 1.56 1.53 1.68 1.61 1.67 1.66 1.68 1.70

Ningxia 1.55 1.59 1.65 1.61 1.65 1.50 1.72 1.67 1.59 1.61 1.64

Xinjiang 1.50 1.56 1.52 1.54 1.61 1.73 1.73 1.25 1.80 1.93 1.86 1.92


Beijing 1.76 1.79 1.78 1.78 1.79 1.81 1.86 2.37 2.20 1.93 2.06 2.23

Tianjin 1.69 1.69 1.70 1.74 1.77 1.77 1.79 1.87 2.00 2.08 2.13 2.24

Hebei 1.74 1.69 1.68 1.69 1.70 1.79 1.82 1.88 2.07 2.11 2.27 2.35

Shanxi 1.84 1.80 1.86 1.91 1.90 1.96 2.04 2.02 1.95 2.01 2.10 2.26

Inner Mongolia 2.51 3.02 2.68 2.68 2.48 2.17 2.16 2.49 2.82 2.52 2.86 2.96

Liaoning 1.62 1.65 1.65 1.64 1.68 1.80 1.83 1.87 1.89 1.86 1.99 2.02

Jilin 1.66 1.64 1.73 1.69 1.76 1.91 1.98 1.98 2.09 2.14 2.15 2.25

Heilongjiang 1.70 1.69 1.79 1.79 1.93 1.98 2.02 2.17 2.05 2.01 2.08 2.11

Shanghai 2.11 2.10 2.14 2.14 2.01 2.14 2.15 2.10 2.29 2.39 2.59 2.66

Jiangsu 1.78 1.80 1.83 1.85 1.85 1.90 1.90 1.93 2.06 2.11 2.23 2.36

Zhejiang 2.01 2.01 2.05 2.06 2.08 2.12 2.14 2.17 2.26 2.31 2.38 2.41

Anhui 1.88 1.91 1.81 1.89 2.09 2.00 2.11 2.10 2.15 2.25 2.44

Fujian 2.03 2.12 2.22 2.14 2.11 2.16 2.19 2.21 2.31 2.42 2.55 2.68

Jiangxi 2.04 2.14 2.11 2.04 2.09 2.07 2.14 2.22 2.28 2.30 2.36 2.41

Shandong 1.69 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.77 1.80 1.82 1.88 1.93 1.95 2.06 2.15

Henan 1.84 1.87 1.84 1.84 1.83 1.81 1.87 1.99 2.01 1.94 2.05 2.19

Hubei 2.08 2.07 2.11 2.12 2.10 2.15 2.14 2.19 2.21 2.26 2.34 2.33

Hunan 2.67 2.28 2.58 2.46 2.70 2.53 2.65 2.56 2.57 2.46 2.65 2.58

Guangdong 2.34 2.38 2.41 2.40 2.40 2.44 2.44 2.47 2.54 2.58 2.60 2.70

Guangxi 2.32 2.36 2.37 2.36 2.33 2.39 2.39 2.46 2.53 2.51 2.59 2.67

Hainan 2.29 2.12 2.08 1.95 1.94 1.99 2.47 2.55 2.55 2.60 2.71 2.76

Chongqing 1.77 1.78 1.90 1.86 1.93 1.94 2.01 2.03 2.11 2.06 2.33 2.43

Sichuan 2.02 2.14 2.16 2.14 2.26 2.32 2.32 2.27 2.34 2.29 2.38 2.43

Guizhou 1.93 1.99 1.97 2.02 2.00 2.17 2.20 2.37 2.31 2.34 2.41 2.67

Yunnan 2.29 2.31 2.28 2.30 2.28 2.35 2.36 2.45 2.48 2.57 2.56 2.67

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.90 1.73 2.01 1.91 2.10 2.03 2.13 2.07 2.26 2.24 2.08 2.61

Gansu 1.87 1.97 1.89 1.89 1.92 1.96 2.73 2.36 2.48 2.56 2.48 2.53

Qinghai 1.72 1.60 1.58 1.58 1.61 1.74 1.71 1.81 1.81 1.82 1.95 1.82

Ningxia 1.63 1.71 1.80 1.70 1.89 1.89 1.75 1.86 2.01 2.03 2.03 2.23

Xinjiang 1.84 1.92 1.88 1.91 1.95 1.78 2.04 2.10 2.18 2.19 2.32 2.33


88


Beijing 2.24 2.28 2.22 2.20 2.29 2.40 2.56 2.54 2.47 2.43 2.37 2.31

Tianjin 2.28 2.29 2.35 2.28 2.27 2.34 2.47 2.46 2.36 2.20 2.18 2.08

Hebei 2.55 2.52 2.48 2.50 2.53 2.54 2.62 2.57 2.56 2.51 2.38 2.28

Shanxi 2.40 2.48 2.51 2.48 2.48 2.49 2.54 2.54 2.52 2.46 2.38 2.28

Inner Mongolia 2.63 2.95 3.13 3.36 3.42 3.41 3.54 3.66 3.73 3.68 3.57 3.47

Liaoning 2.09 2.09 2.13 2.16 2.18 2.22 2.31 2.37 2.39 2.38 2.28 2.18

Jilin 2.14 2.06 2.22 2.22 2.28 2.36 2.43 2.41 2.40 2.34 2.19 2.15

Heilongjiang 2.46 2.58 2.64 2.62 2.70 2.66 2.75 2.75 2.73 2.66 2.54 2.45

Shanghai 2.66 2.69 2.72 2.71 2.71 2.77 2.91 2.89 2.92 2.80 2.69 2.65

Jiangsu 2.43 2.52 2.58 2.49 2.47 2.56 2.70 2.63 2.57 2.49 2.39 2.28

Zhejiang 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.54 2.62 2.67 2.69 2.68 2.61 2.55 2.49

Anhui 2.44 2.48 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.61 2.73 2.70 2.65 2.63 2.53 2.46

Fujian 2.62 2.63 2.65 2.57 2.64 2.75 2.81 2.77 2.75 2.66 2.58 2.45

Jiangxi 2.47 2.51 2.57 2.61 2.62 2.65 2.70 2.70 2.68 2.63 2.60 2.57

Shandong 2.28 2.28 2.33 2.29 2.28 2.33 2.43 2.39 2.36 2.30 2.21 2.14

Henan 2.25 2.28 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.45 2.54 2.51 2.47 2.42 2.36 2.31

Hubei 2.41 2.42 2.56 2.67 2.63 2.63 2.70 2.70 2.69 2.66 2.57 2.48

Hunan 2.75 2.74 2.79 2.79 2.80 2.85 2.96 2.96 2.92 2.85 2.76 2.72

Guangdong 2.73 2.74 2.76 2.68 2.67 2.75 2.86 2.88 2.86 2.79 2.66 2.59

Guangxi 2.66 2.77 2.76 2.76 2.79 2.92 2.99 2.94 2.90 2.80 2.70 2.68

Hainan 3.49 3.44 3.37 3.10 3.07 3.09 3.20 3.17 3.20 3.17 3.12 3.10

Chongqing 2.50 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.49 2.51 2.63 2.58 2.54 2.52 2.47 2.44

Sichuan 2.62 2.63 2.68 2.73 2.71 2.72 2.83 2.81 2.82 2.81 2.76 2.73

Guizhou 2.78 2.83 2.68 2.69 2.69 2.71 2.78 2.89 2.90 2.83 2.76 2.72

Yunnan 2.76 2.76 2.83 2.89 2.89 2.97 3.09 3.14 3.15 3.06 3.04 2.99

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.40 2.43 2.41 2.40 2.41 2.41 2.44 2.48 2.49 2.45 2.38 2.33

Gansu 2.74 2.72 2.71 2.79 2.82 2.85 2.87 2.91 2.93 2.90 2.82 2.62

Qinghai 1.89 1.84 1.91 2.06 2.06 2.00 2.08 2.11 2.13 2.16 2.19 2.10

Ningxia 3.25 3.26 3.05 2.95 2.94 3.10 3.34 3.34 3.28 2.88 2.66 2.62

Xinjiang 2.56 2.62 2.70 2.74 2.71 2.75 2.62 2.59 2.52 2.50 2.29 2.25


Beijing 2.33 2.28 2.29 2.24 2.32 2.38 2.48 2.56 2.57 2.54 2.59 2.61

Tianjin 2.09 2.05 2.03 2.07 2.11 2.21 2.30 2.42 2.47 2.37 2.42 2.50

Hebei 2.24 2.24 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.32 2.44 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.51

Shanxi 2.24 2.21 2.20 2.21 2.25 2.27 2.32 2.33 2.42 2.50 2.50 2.51

Inner Mongolia 3.40 3.35 3.31 3.34 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.55 3.58 3.61 3.63

Liaoning 2.17 2.16 2.09 2.07 2.17 2.18 2.20 2.21 2.26 2.28 2.32 2.34

Jilin 2.17 2.16 2.14 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.20 2.23 2.29 2.31 2.33 2.36

Heilongjiang 2.44 2.45 2.43 2.42 2.41 2.41 2.44 2.47 2.54 2.57 2.55 2.52

Shanghai 2.67 2.64 2.60 2.63 2.69 2.76 2.83 2.91 2.93 2.94 2.96 3.03

Jiangsu 2.24 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.25 2.31 2.41 2.52 2.55 2.52 2.52 2.56

Zhejiang 2.51 2.52 2.49 2.48 2.48 2.49 2.51 2.52 2.54 2.56 2.56 2.60

Anhui 2.43 2.31 2.28 2.27 2.27 2.34 2.42 2.49 2.52 2.52 2.54 2.62

Fujian 2.54 2.48 2.44 2.46 2.47 2.52 2.53 2.59 2.62 2.62 2.66 2.71

Jiangxi 2.57 2.55 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.56 2.60 2.63 2.65 2.68 2.73

Shandong 2.13 2.13 2.15 2.15 2.18 2.24 2.34 2.42 2.47 2.43 2.46 2.52

Henan 2.30 2.28 2.23 2.25 2.23 2.28 2.37 2.46 2.49 2.46 2.49 2.53

Hubei 2.47 2.43 2.39 2.40 2.37 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.52 2.51 2.51 2.57

Hunan 2.73 2.73 2.69 2.69 2.68 2.72 2.74 2.76 2.78 2.79 2.80 2.86

Guangdong 2.63 2.63 2.56 2.62 2.63 2.68 2.72 2.78 2.83 2.84 2.86 2.88

Guangxi 2.72 2.70 2.66 2.67 2.66 2.66 2.68 2.69 2.72 2.75 2.77 2.82

Hainan 3.08 3.06 3.00 2.95 2.92 2.93 2.98 3.05 3.08 3.09 3.13 3.17

Chongqing 2.46 2.49 2.48 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.50 2.52 2.49 2.51 2.58 2.73

Sichuan 2.71 2.72 2.71 2.69 2.68 2.71 2.75 2.77 2.80 2.83 2.87 2.90

Guizhou 2.70 2.71 2.70 2.73 2.62 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.77 2.82 2.84

Yunnan 2.99 3.01 3.00 2.99 2.90 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.93 2.92 2.91 2.95

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.29 2.27 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.23 2.26 2.31 2.37 2.36 2.36 2.41

Gansu 2.63 2.59 2.61 2.54 2.49 2.52 2.58 2.60 2.62 2.63 2.66 2.65

Qinghai 2.08 2.13 2.19 2.13 2.11 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.29 2.24

Ningxia 2.67 2.73 2.69 2.70 2.60 2.49 2.50 2.52 2.66 2.59 2.55 2.60

Xinjiang 2.20 2.16 2.11 2.13 2.23 2.26 2.31 2.40 2.38 2.37 2.32 2.37


89


Beijing 2.65 2.61 2.57 2.56 2.59 2.62 2.59 2.59 2.70 2.72 2.78 2.85

Tianjin 2.51 2.50 2.47 2.48 2.56 2.52 2.50 2.52 2.53 2.50 2.54 2.49

Hebei 2.54 2.52 2.45 2.45 2.48 2.49 2.49 2.53 2.54 2.54 2.58 2.62

Shanxi 2.54 2.49 2.49 2.47 2.51 2.54 2.56 2.56 2.59 2.63 2.67 2.69

Inner Mongolia 3.66 3.70 3.65 3.62 3.64 3.63 3.63 3.58 3.54 3.57 3.59 3.61

Liaoning 2.34 2.32 2.33 2.35 2.42 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.61

Jilin 2.38 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.35 2.34 2.39 2.40 2.38 2.40 2.46 2.55

Heilongjiang 2.53 2.52 2.49 2.49 2.52 2.52 2.45 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.47 2.49

Shanghai 3.04 3.00 2.94 2.96 3.00 2.99 2.96 2.98 2.98 3.00 3.04 3.05

Jiangsu 2.59 2.57 2.49 2.54 2.59 2.59 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.66 2.69 2.70

Zhejiang 2.59 2.60 2.59 2.61 2.61 2.64 2.65 2.65 2.68 2.69 2.71 2.72

Anhui 2.65 2.63 2.62 2.67 2.69 2.67 2.65 2.63 2.66 2.67 2.72 2.72

Fujian 2.66 2.65 2.63 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.66 2.70 2.70 2.73 2.81 2.80

Jiangxi 2.72 2.71 2.67 2.69 2.74 2.76 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.84 2.88 2.89

Shandong 2.52 2.49 2.47 2.48 2.52 2.53 2.53 2.55 2.56 2.56 2.61 2.57

Henan 2.55 2.54 2.53 2.52 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.59 2.57 2.57 2.59 2.59

Hubei 2.58 2.57 2.57 2.59 2.62 2.64 2.65 2.67 2.68 2.71 2.75 2.73

Hunan 2.89 2.87 2.85 2.86 2.90 2.92 2.92 2.93 2.93 2.92 2.96 3.00

Guangdong 2.88 2.87 2.87 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.89 2.91 2.93 2.93 2.97 2.96

Guangxi 2.82 2.81 2.84 2.84 2.81 2.79 2.79 2.82 2.83 2.85 2.88 2.88

Hainan 3.17 3.12 3.11 3.13 3.04 3.01 3.03 3.09 3.16 3.16 3.24 3.35

Chongqing 2.74 2.68 2.68 2.67 2.71 2.74 2.70 2.67 2.69 2.71 2.74 2.76

Sichuan 2.93 2.93 2.94 2.93 2.94 2.97 3.00 3.02 3.05 3.04 3.05 3.07

Guizhou 2.89 2.91 2.91 2.90 2.97 2.96 2.95 2.94 2.91 2.94 2.96 3.00

Yunnan 2.99 3.03 3.07 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.13 3.17 3.20 3.21 3.23 3.26

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.43 2.43 2.44 2.52 2.57 2.59 2.62 2.65 2.65 2.63 2.61 2.62

Gansu 2.60 2.64 2.65 2.65 2.72 2.78 2.80 2.83 2.85 2.86 2.88 2.91

Qinghai 2.26 2.26 2.47 2.49 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.56 2.63

Ningxia 2.64 2.62 2.63 2.67 2.74 2.73 2.72 2.72 2.73 2.71 2.74 2.84

Xinjiang 2.41 2.45 2.53 2.63 2.60 2.60 2.62 2.65 2.67 2.63 2.68 2.69


Beijing 2.94 2.95 2.93 2.96 2.93 2.81 2.84 2.90 2.88 2.92 2.94 2.93

Tianjin 2.48 2.50 2.57 2.58 2.60 2.69 2.73 2.74 2.76 2.77 2.70 2.69

Hebei 2.65 2.66 2.69 2.71 2.69 2.68 2.73 2.79 2.82 2.82 2.81 2.79

Shanxi 2.68 2.68 2.72 2.72 2.71 2.73 2.80 2.85 2.92 2.97 2.95 2.92

Inner Mongolia 3.61 3.61 3.61 3.62 3.61 3.62 3.67 3.70 3.74 3.76 3.72 3.74

Liaoning 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.61 2.63 2.66 2.73 2.77 2.81 2.80 2.79 2.78

Jilin 2.56 2.57 2.63 2.66 2.69 2.73 2.77 2.85 2.88 2.89 2.89 2.89

Heilongjiang 2.52 2.53 2.55 2.56 2.59 2.63 2.65 2.66 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.67

Shanghai 3.05 3.06 3.09 3.09 3.08 3.11 3.15 3.21 3.26 3.24 3.17 3.17

Jiangsu 2.70 2.74 2.79 2.79 2.79 2.88 2.97 3.05 3.12 3.05 2.92 2.93

Zhejiang 2.72 2.73 2.75 2.76 2.77 2.82 2.87 2.92 2.96 2.98 2.93 2.91

Anhui 2.72 2.73 2.77 2.80 2.82 2.83 2.88 2.93 2.96 2.93 2.88 2.87

Fujian 2.80 2.83 2.80 2.80 2.79 2.84 2.90 2.96 3.05 3.03 2.97 2.88

Jiangxi 2.84 2.86 2.94 2.96 2.97 2.97 3.01 3.06 3.16 3.19 3.16 3.15

Shandong 2.59 2.60 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.71 2.75 2.80 2.84 2.82 2.78 2.77

Henan 2.60 2.60 2.63 2.63 2.65 2.69 2.74 2.79 2.82 2.80 2.76 2.76

Hubei 2.71 2.74 2.79 2.80 2.79 2.84 2.88 2.93 2.98 3.00 2.97 2.95

Hunan 3.02 3.03 3.08 3.08 3.10 3.15 3.18 3.21 3.26 3.27 3.26 3.23

Guangdong 2.95 3.00 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.09 3.13 3.13 3.17 3.17 3.11 3.07

Guangxi 2.87 2.92 2.95 2.94 2.94 3.00 3.06 3.09 3.12 3.16 3.17 3.16

Hainan 3.34 3.37 3.39 3.39 3.41 3.44 3.48 3.54 3.54 3.55 3.54 3.49

Chongqing 2.75 2.77 2.79 2.81 2.80 2.80 2.81 2.80 2.82 2.84 2.87 2.86

Sichuan 3.07 3.07 3.09 3.13 3.12 3.12 3.17 3.19 3.23 3.26 3.26 3.23

Guizhou 3.03 3.03 3.09 3.16 3.17 3.15 3.14 3.18 3.22 3.24 3.28 3.28

Yunnan 3.27 3.26 3.30 3.34 3.35 3.37 3.40 3.40 3.42 3.44 3.42 3.41

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.67 2.69 2.77 2.84 2.88 2.96 3.01 3.01 3.03

Gansu 2.93 2.93 2.94 2.97 3.06 3.16 3.23 3.26 3.27 3.33 3.34 3.35

Qinghai 2.71 2.71 2.75 2.79 2.79 2.81 2.86 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.97 2.96

Ningxia 2.83 2.82 2.86 2.91 2.92 2.93 3.04 3.08 3.17 3.17 3.17 3.12

Xinjiang 2.69 2.67 2.66 2.68 2.66 2.67 2.75 2.80 2.83 2.82 2.80 2.79


90

Exhibit 162: Broiler Compound Feed Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 2.17 2.07 2.16 2.17 2.43 2.55 2.49 2.26 1.56 2.64 2.64 2.14

Tianjin 1.72 1.72 1.24 2.15 2.07 2.12 2.02 1.65 2.02 1.91 2.19 1.96

Hebei 1.43 1.72 1.38 1.38 1.25 1.48 1.46 1.60 1.51 1.68 1.62 1.52

Shanxi 1.90 1.03 1.94 1.71 1.84 1.58 1.59 1.67 1.99 1.68 1.76 1.41

Inner Mongolia 1.63 1.68 1.64 1.57 1.52 1.71 1.77 1.51 1.75 1.60 1.61 1.60

Liaoning 1.66 1.62 1.60 1.57 1.58 1.62 1.68 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.67 1.63

Jilin 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.37 1.58 1.43 1.38 1.71 1.50 1.56 1.56 1.55

Heilongjiang 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.36 1.20 1.20 1.30 1.20 1.20 1.30

Shanghai 1.76 1.41 1.50 1.58 1.65 1.64 1.63 1.63 1.67 1.67 1.67

Jiangsu 1.66 1.84 1.70 1.71 1.62 1.63 1.63 1.61 1.64 1.64 1.90 1.69

Zhejiang 1.88 1.93 1.92 1.92 1.87 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.88 1.89 1.89 1.93

Anhui 1.67 1.77 1.86 1.65 1.87 1.78 1.80 1.83 1.66 1.80 1.86 1.81

Fujian 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.79 1.80 1.85 1.77 1.76 1.77 1.92 1.80 1.83

Jiangxi 1.99 1.93 1.98 1.92 1.91 1.95 1.90 1.97 1.92 1.90 1.90 1.84

Shandong 1.57 1.55 1.50 1.41 1.44 1.48 1.45 1.49 1.46 1.45 1.50 1.47

Henan 1.63 1.53 1.56 1.46 1.40 1.43 1.40 1.36 1.46 1.40 1.46 1.50

Hubei 2.03 2.01 2.00 2.00 1.98 1.98 1.98 2.01 1.96 1.94 1.89 1.97

Hunan 2.09 2.09 1.94 2.01 2.01 1.87 1.98 1.84 1.97 2.00 1.81 1.89

Guangdong 2.24 2.21 2.22 2.20 2.10 2.24 2.20 2.20 2.26 2.19 2.26 2.17

Guangxi 2.20 2.22 2.20 2.19 2.16 2.17 2.20 2.14 2.14 2.11 2.15 2.14

Hainan 2.44 2.49 2.74 2.33 2.38 2.39 2.47 2.45 2.42 2.40 2.29 2.29

Chongqing 1.68 1.65 1.60 1.60 1.78 1.75 1.63 1.80 1.80 1.75 1.85 1.88

Sichuan 2.19 2.02 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.07 1.99 2.04 2.03 2.04 2.03 2.14

Guizhou 1.78 2.16 1.30 2.17 2.23 2.18 2.23 2.10 2.31 2.25 2.14 2.19

Yunnan 2.27 2.30 2.20 2.26 2.28 2.12 2.18 2.17 2.13 2.16 2.13 2.13

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.07 2.40 2.41 2.87 1.73 2.17 1.95 1.98 2.55 1.65 2.10 2.02

Gansu 1.84 1.82 1.57 1.54 1.56 1.59 1.57 1.51 1.50 1.46 1.47 1.47

Qinghai 2.00 2.04 1.69 1.81 1.35 1.37 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.44 1.52 1.54

Ningxia 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.48 1.64 1.60 1.60 1.77

Xinjiang 1.90 2.10 2.10 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75


Beijing 1.61 2.20 2.78 2.02 2.13 1.57 2.08 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.17 1.97

Tianjin 1.92 1.89 2.18 1.94 1.95 2.02 1.57 2.08 2.03 1.95

Hebei 1.56 1.54 1.62 1.66 1.62 1.65 1.65 1.70 1.62 1.73 1.62 1.53

Shanxi 1.66 1.70 1.76 1.85 1.92 1.85 1.87 2.06 2.30 1.87 1.99 1.97

Inner Mongolia 1.76 1.71 1.78 1.88 1.93 1.65 1.76 1.72 1.80 1.79 1.64 1.87

Liaoning 1.72 1.76 1.77 1.75 1.75 1.79 1.80 1.79 1.78 1.66 1.65 1.66

Jilin 1.56 1.57 1.42 1.58 1.62 1.63 1.69 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.69 1.63

Heilongjiang 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.30

Shanghai 1.74 2.75 1.73 1.74 1.76 1.75 1.74 1.74 1.80 1.73 1.72 1.71

Jiangsu 1.70 1.68 1.70 1.66 1.68 1.63 1.71 1.72 1.74 1.69 1.67 1.58

Zhejiang 1.96 1.98 1.96 1.91 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.99 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.85

Anhui 1.82 1.86 1.74 1.89 1.86 1.79 1.73 1.73 1.82 1.82 1.56 1.85

Fujian 1.81 1.88 1.85 1.87 1.88 1.97 1.87 1.82 1.82 1.79 1.86 1.80

Jiangxi 1.87 1.87 1.88 1.87 1.93 1.93 1.86 1.94 2.48 1.98 1.94 1.98

Shandong 1.48 1.56 1.37 1.54 1.56 1.54 1.60 1.60 1.53 1.52 1.50

Henan 1.52 1.53 1.58 1.59 1.57 1.56 1.53 1.54 1.58 1.52 1.47 1.50

Hubei 1.96 1.96 1.96 2.02 2.00 2.01 2.01 1.99 2.01 2.00 1.99

Hunan 1.94 1.83 2.06 1.90 1.92 1.99 2.00 1.99 1.99 2.10 2.00 1.92

Guangdong 2.23 2.22 2.25 2.25 2.21 2.21 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.20 2.19 2.19

Guangxi 2.20 2.25 2.22 2.21 2.23 2.23 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.22

Hainan 2.35 2.46 2.51 2.39 2.42 2.54 2.44 2.23 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.43

Chongqing 1.40 2.13 2.30 1.97 1.94 1.77 1.77 1.83 1.62 1.75

Sichuan 1.99 2.03 2.10 2.02 2.00 1.95 1.97 2.00 2.06 1.98 2.14 2.07

Guizhou 2.08 2.05 2.10 2.08 2.24 2.20 2.75 1.95 2.27 2.30 2.29 2.27

Yunnan 2.28 2.34 2.34 2.29 2.30 2.25 2.31 2.28 2.22 2.19 2.17 2.15

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.40 1.85 2.03 1.95 2.07 2.03 1.90 2.20 2.09 2.19 2.19 1.88

Gansu 1.56 1.52 1.67 1.58 1.66 1.57 1.55 1.59 1.65 1.54 1.55 1.56

Qinghai 1.63 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.46 1.39 1.37 1.36 1.40 1.35 1.39

Ningxia 1.80 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.60

Xinjiang 2.10 1.89 1.75 1.93 1.94 1.69 1.90 2.40 1.90


91


Beijing 2.14 2.15 2.18 2.17 2.16 2.11 1.92 1.95 1.95 1.96 1.91 1.96

Tianjin 2.18 2.18 2.11 1.84 1.69 1.70 1.72 1.51 1.81 1.77 1.79 1.96

Hebei 1.62 1.67 1.54 1.51 1.51 1.57 1.63 1.58 1.60 1.62 1.62 1.56

Shanxi 1.72 1.90 1.59 1.52 1.53 1.72 1.61 1.68 1.63 1.51 1.66 1.53

Inner Mongolia 1.56 1.51 1.67 1.73 1.79 1.87 1.76 1.74 1.80 1.76 1.88 1.72

Liaoning 1.61 1.53 1.54 1.56 1.59 1.56 1.56 1.57 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.53

Jilin 1.67 1.67 1.48 1.57 1.50 1.54 1.56 1.55 1.55 1.56 1.53 1.55

Heilongjiang 1.30 1.30 1.92 1.64 1.51 1.65 1.52 1.50 1.52 1.56 1.45 1.49

Shanghai 1.70 1.72 1.41 1.39 1.63 1.75 1.72 1.74 1.72 1.67 1.66 1.72

Jiangsu 1.62 1.71 1.56 1.53 1.61 1.66 1.62 1.62 1.60 1.57 1.56 1.64

Zhejiang 1.93 1.85 1.86 1.89 1.92 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.87 1.89 1.62 1.92

Anhui 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.62 1.72 1.68 1.74 1.61 1.69 1.67 1.63

Fujian 1.76 1.76 1.83 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.82 1.71 1.79 1.78

Jiangxi 1.96 1.98 1.91 1.92 2.01 1.97 1.90 1.92 1.93 1.87 1.88 1.90

Shandong 1.55 1.38 1.51 1.43 1.53 1.49 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.52 1.47 1.56

Henan 1.41 1.55 1.48 1.51 1.52 1.56 1.51 1.51 1.52 1.49 1.45 1.56

Hubei 1.97 1.99 1.99 1.95 1.89 1.92 1.90 1.92 1.85 1.86 1.85 1.86

Hunan 2.05 1.99 1.96 1.92 1.91 1.93 1.91 1.95 1.87 1.93 1.88 1.83

Guangdong 2.19 2.23 2.16 2.18 2.16 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.18 2.16

Guangxi 2.21 2.21 2.19 2.19 2.17 2.16 2.14 2.12 2.21 2.16 2.18 2.18

Hainan 2.33 2.33 2.30 2.10 2.10 2.20 2.20 2.15 2.05 2.02 2.03 2.03

Chongqing 2.13 1.78 2.02 1.74 1.84 1.90 1.96 1.73 1.90 1.98 1.84 1.68

Sichuan 2.03 2.06 1.99 2.01 2.05 2.04 2.05 2.00 1.94 1.95 1.98 1.90

Guizhou 2.34 2.29 2.25 2.28 2.25 2.27 2.21 2.20 2.28 2.22 2.18 2.23

Yunnan 2.16 2.17 2.17 2.21 2.23 2.21 2.25 2.29 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.26

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.88 1.88 2.19 1.62 2.25 2.25 1.77 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25

Gansu 1.62 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.52 1.51 1.51 1.50 1.49 1.48

Qinghai 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.48 1.35 1.30 1.30 1.33 1.25 1.43 1.23 1.10

Ningxia 1.44 2.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.60 1.78 1.95 1.95

Xinjiang 1.81 1.69 1.80 1.66 1.73 1.73 1.69 1.91 2.03 1.84 1.67


Beijing 1.99 2.14 2.10 2.15 2.19 2.15 2.04 2.03 2.14 2.21 2.21 2.26

Tianjin 1.77 1.78 1.75 1.95 1.77 1.73 1.84 1.84 2.06 2.06 2.23 2.25

Hebei 1.57 1.58 1.58 1.59 1.59 1.58 1.57 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.69 1.72

Shanxi 1.69 1.49 1.73 1.65 1.59 1.59 1.62 1.63 1.72 1.76 1.74 1.90

Inner Mongolia 1.75 1.89 1.77 2.01 2.05 2.01 2.09 1.73 2.12 2.09 2.35 2.49

Liaoning 1.56 1.56 1.57 1.56 1.54 1.54 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.63 1.69 1.64

Jilin 1.54 1.53 1.53 1.54 1.53 1.61 1.62 1.43 1.65 1.65 1.82 1.80

Heilongjiang 1.47 1.51 1.47 1.45 1.49 1.44 1.45 1.52 1.53 1.66 1.67 1.63

Shanghai 1.66 1.62 1.67 1.68 1.53 1.69 1.70 1.72 1.74 1.77 2.07 1.94

Jiangsu 1.60 1.65 1.62 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.60 1.64 1.68 1.80 1.92 1.93

Zhejiang 1.91 1.93 1.86 1.90 1.87 1.87 1.86 1.88 1.94 1.94 2.06 2.06

Anhui 1.69 1.57 1.69 1.61 1.65 1.63 2.13 1.71 1.76 1.82 1.93 1.95

Fujian 1.83 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.81 1.81 1.80 1.82 1.83 1.90 2.03 2.06

Jiangxi 1.94 1.88 1.86 1.80 1.82 1.88 1.90 1.93 1.91 1.92 2.12

Shandong 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.58 1.61 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.67 1.80 1.79

Henan 1.51 1.49 1.52 1.49 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.56 1.58 1.67 1.76 1.79

Hubei 1.85 1.90 1.88 1.87 1.89 1.88 1.90 1.86 1.89 1.93 2.06 2.08

Hunan 1.92 1.84 1.91 1.89 1.80 1.83 1.83 1.84 1.88 1.93 2.09 2.15

Guangdong 2.16 2.14 2.17 2.19 2.20 2.19 2.16 2.18 2.20 2.23 2.35 2.33

Guangxi 2.17 2.17 2.15 2.15 2.13 2.15 2.16 2.15 2.16 2.21 2.26 2.28

Hainan 2.08 1.84 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.06 2.08 2.11 2.11 2.10 2.47 2.38

Chongqing 1.98 2.16 2.00 2.04 2.03 2.04 2.00 1.96 1.98 2.12 2.32 2.23

Sichuan 1.94 1.95 1.84 1.91 1.92 1.88 1.87 1.98 1.87 1.96 2.11 2.17

Guizhou 2.24 2.29 2.25 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.20 2.22 2.20 2.22 2.47 2.56

Yunnan 2.27 2.30 2.29 2.28 2.25 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.30 2.30 2.46 2.48

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.78 1.88 2.50 1.88 1.80 1.80 1.82

Gansu 1.48 1.53 1.48 1.52 1.55 1.53 1.50 1.51 1.50 1.50 1.69 1.70

Qinghai 1.20 1.20 1.08 1.08 1.13 1.00 1.05 1.23 1.24 1.24 1.26 1.40

Ningxia 1.83 1.68 1.45 1.46 1.54 1.54 1.69 1.70 1.70 1.71 1.86 1.81

Xinjiang 1.98 1.93 2.02 1.92 1.80 2.03 2.26 1.83 1.82 2.11 1.88 2.23


92


Beijing 2.25 2.43 2.25 2.27 2.25 2.27 2.36 2.37 2.49 2.66 2.45 2.39

Tianjin 1.93 2.08 2.15 2.38 2.13 2.15 2.33 2.18 2.18 2.33 2.05 2.04

Hebei 1.69 1.70 1.78 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.95 1.89 1.90 1.84 1.87

Shanxi 1.96 1.83 1.79 1.83 1.96 1.95 1.58 1.61 1.65 1.66 1.69 1.80

Inner Mongolia 2.40 2.21 2.16 2.42 2.48 2.24 2.39 2.36 2.45 2.47 2.50 2.59

Liaoning 1.66 1.65 1.74 1.90 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.88 1.84 1.88 1.80 1.79

Jilin 1.70 1.64 1.73 1.76 1.90 1.98 1.96 1.94 1.95 1.93 1.72 1.70

Heilongjiang 1.58 1.65 1.73 1.81 1.80 1.91 1.84 1.89 1.90 1.88 1.85 1.84

Shanghai 1.96 1.76 2.10 2.19 2.39 2.28 2.18 2.21 2.23 2.22 2.07 2.14

Jiangsu 1.97 1.91 2.03 2.08 2.11 2.15 2.08 2.13 2.10 2.08 2.09 2.01

Zhejiang 2.04 2.09 2.19 2.31 2.25 2.22 2.26 2.28 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.20

Anhui 1.92 1.87 1.98 2.08 2.06 2.02 2.09 2.14 2.21 2.09 1.99 1.95

Fujian 2.10 2.06 2.14 2.15 2.12 2.11 2.15 2.09 2.19 2.14 2.12 2.13

Jiangxi 2.08 2.04 2.17 2.20 2.21 2.20 2.18 2.17 2.20 2.24 2.20 2.20

Shandong 1.85 1.78 1.89 1.97 1.96 2.00 2.03 2.02 2.06 2.00 1.89 1.85

Henan 1.77 1.78 1.80 1.88 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.87 1.91 1.87 1.85 1.83

Hubei 1.99 1.97 2.06 2.18 2.15 2.17 2.22 2.27 2.31 2.27 2.25 2.20

Hunan 2.15 2.17 2.24 2.29 2.29 2.28 2.28 2.25 2.32 2.34 2.24 2.25

Guangdong 2.36 2.27 2.28 2.36 2.39 2.38 2.37 2.43 2.45 2.42 2.31 2.29

Guangxi 2.28 2.26 2.31 2.36 2.32 2.34 2.36 2.39 2.42 2.42 2.38 2.36

Hainan 2.42 2.42 2.44 2.49 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.61 2.61 2.60 2.55 2.54

Chongqing 2.24 2.22 2.28 2.54 2.63 2.66 2.62 2.61 2.68 2.72 2.62 2.64

Sichuan 2.23 2.13 2.19 2.29 2.47 2.39 2.38 2.37 2.45 2.46 2.48 2.54

Guizhou 2.32 2.41 2.41 2.44 2.45 2.50 2.53 2.53 2.53 2.56 2.56 2.47

Yunnan 2.51 2.55 2.59 2.70 2.71 2.68 2.68 2.71 2.67 2.63 2.76 2.67

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.06 2.15 2.30 2.16 2.23 2.23 2.20 2.28 2.31 2.28 2.28 2.18

Gansu 1.69 1.66 1.66 1.77 1.88 1.90 1.95 2.01 1.84 2.08 2.00 1.95

Qinghai 1.45 1.13 1.38 1.58 1.30 1.30 1.54 1.32 1.16 1.27 1.17 1.33

Ningxia 1.82 1.58 1.58 2.06 2.06 2.11 2.11 2.12 2.20 2.20 2.01 2.11

Xinjiang 2.09 2.05 2.38 2.26 2.06 2.52 2.28 2.58 2.70 2.59 2.28 2.11


Beijing 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.41 2.61 2.46 2.46 2.45 2.43 2.39 2.39 2.38

Tianjin 2.02 2.00 2.07 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.19 1.50 2.13

Hebei 1.85 1.85 1.86 1.81 1.94 1.89 1.93 1.91 1.90 1.89 1.89 1.85

Shanxi 1.88 2.16 1.86 1.89 1.92 1.98 1.98 1.79 2.32 1.81 1.81 2.25

Inner Mongolia 2.38 2.52 2.34 2.29 2.37 2.37 2.35 2.35 2.19 2.29 2.27 2.26

Liaoning 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.79 1.79 1.80 1.76 1.77 1.76 1.77 1.70 1.74

Jilin 1.67 1.65 1.63 1.68 1.71 1.74 1.71 1.71 1.73 1.69 1.69 1.63

Heilongjiang 1.83 1.97 1.90 1.84 1.82 1.83 1.86 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.68 1.65

Shanghai 2.15 2.03 2.08 2.11 2.06 2.13 2.12 2.17 2.11 2.12 2.16 2.04

Jiangsu 1.98 1.95 2.04 2.02 2.01 2.05 2.04 2.08 2.08 1.95 1.99

Zhejiang 2.18 2.15 2.20 2.20 2.15 2.15 2.14 2.14 2.15 2.14 2.13 2.11

Anhui 2.00 2.03 2.02 2.11 2.02 2.06 2.11 2.04 2.04 1.99 1.98 2.08

Fujian 2.09 2.09 2.10 2.13 2.06 2.10 2.12 2.07 2.11 2.12 2.15 2.14

Jiangxi 2.15 2.09 2.19 2.27 2.24 2.15 2.17 2.07 2.10 2.09 2.14 2.09

Shandong 1.84 1.84 1.87 1.83 1.85 1.88 1.91 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.84

Henan 1.82 1.87 1.86 1.85 1.82 1.84 1.82 1.84 1.82 2.30 1.82 1.78

Hubei 2.21 2.20 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.21 2.20 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.22 2.15

Hunan 2.15 2.19 2.30 2.31 2.29 2.28 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.28 2.24

Guangdong 2.31 2.37 2.42 2.37 2.39 2.41 2.41 2.42 2.39 2.38 2.32 2.29

Guangxi 2.46 2.45 2.45 2.38 2.36 2.38 2.37 2.37 2.36 2.34 2.35 2.34

Hainan 2.57 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.52 2.52 2.46 2.46 2.48 2.47 2.46 2.46

Chongqing 2.61 2.49 2.44 2.41 2.36 2.19 2.13 2.18 2.17 2.30 2.30 2.24

Sichuan 2.48 2.49 2.53 2.57 2.65 2.43 2.43 2.44 2.31 2.33 2.29 2.35

Guizhou 2.44 2.50 2.65 2.52 2.48 2.55 2.44 2.51 2.48 2.48 2.43 2.32

Yunnan 2.74 2.73 2.68 2.68 2.69 2.66 2.61 2.59 2.65 2.63 2.67 2.57

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.25 2.21 2.19 2.19 2.11 2.18 2.11 2.16 2.00 2.05 2.01 1.90

Gansu 1.91 2.06 1.87 1.94 1.92 1.94 1.97 1.98 2.03 2.06 2.00 2.10

Qinghai 1.15 1.60 1.13 1.48 1.48 1.66 1.58 1.48 1.52 1.60 1.63 1.54

Ningxia 2.00 2.09 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.13 2.13 2.11 2.17 2.17 2.01 1.96

Xinjiang 2.16 2.48 2.24 2.38 2.49 2.28 2.35 2.24 2.16 2.17 2.17 2.09


93


Beijing 2.39 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.20 2.25 2.26 2.16 2.15 2.15 2.17 2.16

Tianjin 1.95 2.00 2.02 2.05 2.13 2.15 2.13 2.20 2.23 2.09 2.10 2.16

Hebei 1.76 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.83 1.87 1.89 1.88 1.89 1.84 1.92 1.93

Shanxi 2.25 2.50 2.38 2.25 2.38 2.27 2.20 2.33 2.25 2.60 2.35 2.28

Inner Mongolia 2.26 2.24 2.26 2.23 2.21 2.27 2.26 2.29 2.28 2.28 2.32 2.33

Liaoning 1.67 1.70 1.71 1.73 1.69 1.80 1.84 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.76 1.80

Jilin 1.63 1.67 1.62 1.65 1.62 1.72 1.79 1.78 1.81 1.77 1.78 1.81

Heilongjiang 2.54 1.78 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.78 1.78 1.72 1.75 1.76 1.75 1.81

Shanghai 2.11 2.08 2.08 2.05 2.03 2.09 2.15 2.09 2.08 2.13 2.04 2.09

Jiangsu 1.99 1.98 1.96 1.94 1.95 1.98 1.97 2.01 2.01 1.99 2.05 2.12

Zhejiang 2.08 2.09 2.08 2.07 2.07 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.11 2.09 2.12 2.24

Anhui 2.11 2.09 2.02 1.96 2.07 2.02 2.01 1.95 2.06 2.05 2.04 2.06

Fujian 2.08 2.04 2.12 2.06 2.08 2.07 2.09 2.10 2.13 2.10 2.20 2.21

Jiangxi 2.06 2.03 2.08 2.15 2.09 2.16 2.18 2.11 2.11 2.16 2.15 2.22

Shandong 1.88 1.85 1.83 1.83 1.82 1.84 1.86 1.93 1.94 1.92 1.97 1.99

Henan 1.81 1.78 1.80 1.77 1.80 1.78 1.79 1.85 1.83 1.78 1.81 1.94

Hubei 2.21 2.22 2.20 2.14 2.20 2.22 2.23 2.15 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.25

Hunan 2.29 2.25 2.24 2.24 2.27 2.31 2.31 2.30 2.34 2.29 2.30 2.38

Guangdong 2.33 2.33 2.34 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.37 2.43 2.44

Guangxi 2.38 2.41 2.36 2.39 2.40 2.43 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.43 2.43 2.50

Hainan 2.47 2.48 2.48 2.37 2.35 2.30 2.30 2.29 2.29 2.36 2.40 2.48

Chongqing 2.13 2.22 2.26 2.12 2.24 2.15 2.15 2.26 2.25 2.33 2.24 2.21

Sichuan 2.34 2.40 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.25 2.30 2.28 2.31 2.29 2.25 2.33

Guizhou 2.37 2.37 2.41 2.30 2.33 2.25 2.32 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.36 2.36

Yunnan 2.55 2.65 2.59 2.55 2.48 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.57 2.57 2.59 2.60

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.87 1.81 1.87 1.83 1.84 1.84 1.90 1.81 1.81 1.90 1.78 1.86

Gansu 2.06 1.97 2.00 2.03 1.90 1.94 2.05 2.02 2.04 2.01 2.03 2.06

Qinghai 1.44 1.56 1.43 1.66 1.57 1.84 1.72 1.65 1.64 1.64 1.67

Ningxia 1.87 1.88 1.93 1.89 1.93 1.68 2.04 2.02 1.75 1.88 1.95

Xinjiang 2.19 1.99 2.05 2.07 2.22 2.24 2.12 1.38 1.97 2.06 1.94 2.00


Beijing 2.17 2.17 2.28 2.28 2.30 2.29 2.31 2.34 2.33 2.33 2.41 2.51

Tianjin 2.08 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.09 2.17 2.13 2.22 2.27 2.26 2.33 2.61

Hebei 2.00 1.98 1.99 1.97 2.03 2.09 2.11 2.18 2.34 2.24 2.64 2.49

Shanxi 2.30 2.33 2.40 2.16 2.50 2.90 2.46 2.90 2.52 2.75 2.66 2.64

Inner Mongolia 2.39 2.56 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.23 2.32 2.59 2.74 2.59 2.82 2.74

Liaoning 1.81 1.79 1.78 1.85 1.90 1.96 1.94 1.97 2.03 2.04 2.15 2.22

Jilin 1.81 1.86 1.85 1.83 1.88 2.13 2.08 2.21 2.28 2.29 2.38 2.37

Heilongjiang 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.92 2.02 2.04 2.04 2.21 2.16 2.19 2.26 2.24

Shanghai 2.14 2.13 2.16 2.13 2.16 2.25 2.30 2.22 2.40 2.55 2.78 2.73

Jiangsu 2.06 2.09 2.11 2.16 2.15 2.19 2.22 2.30 2.46 2.52 2.64 2.79

Zhejiang 2.17 2.15 2.21 2.21 2.24 2.27 2.29 2.32 2.39 2.43 2.52 2.56

Anhui 2.08 2.23 2.06 2.10 2.20 2.19 2.17 2.25 2.25 2.47 2.70

Fujian 2.16 2.22 2.30 2.24 2.23 2.29 2.35 2.39 2.47 2.51 2.60 2.67

Jiangxi 2.22 2.26 2.25 2.18 2.31 2.28 2.30 2.43 2.47 2.45 2.57 2.59

Shandong 1.98 2.00 2.01 2.03 2.03 2.05 2.11 2.21 2.30 2.33 2.44 2.56

Henan 1.93 2.00 1.95 1.94 1.97 2.02 2.03 2.11 2.16 2.13 2.22 2.42

Hubei 2.25 2.27 2.32 2.29 2.28 2.30 2.30 2.29 2.29 2.41 2.48 2.47

Hunan 2.42 2.44 2.47 2.46 2.53 2.54 2.64 2.49 2.60 2.72 2.66 2.70

Guangdong 2.46 2.46 2.51 2.50 2.50 2.56 2.55 2.58 2.61 2.66 2.67 2.75

Guangxi 2.53 2.56 2.57 2.58 2.63 2.67 2.68 2.70 2.79 2.79 2.86 2.91

Hainan 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.32 2.34 2.38 2.44 2.49 2.49 2.52 2.58 2.43

Chongqing 2.24 2.08 2.36 2.20 2.23 2.16 2.18 2.19 2.28 2.34 2.48 2.49

Sichuan 2.29 2.41 2.36 2.44 2.49 2.42 2.44 2.52 2.59 2.53 2.63 2.62

Guizhou 2.36 2.37 2.33 2.42 2.44 2.55 2.59 2.65 2.68 2.64 2.66 2.76

Yunnan 2.62 2.65 2.65 2.68 2.67 2.74 2.69 2.80 2.77 2.88 2.89 2.90

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.11 2.02 2.15 1.91 2.10 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.29 2.26 2.28 2.59

Gansu 2.15 2.21 2.15 2.04 2.17 2.13 2.60 2.38 2.33 2.51 2.50 2.49

Qinghai 1.70 1.85 1.78 1.70 1.84 1.85 2.06 2.04 2.04 2.00 2.15 2.05

Ningxia 1.94 2.12 2.05 2.02 2.21 2.21 1.75 2.14 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.32

Xinjiang 2.06 2.04 2.10 2.13 2.10 2.13 2.26 2.26 2.39 2.37 2.47 2.61


94


Beijing 2.59 2.67 2.63 2.68 2.71 2.77 2.94 3.00 3.02 2.95 2.88 2.87

Tianjin 2.52 2.52 2.53 2.51 2.54 2.59 2.71 2.69 2.64 2.56 2.53 2.45

Hebei 2.58 2.61 2.66 2.68 2.74 2.81 2.87 2.91 2.90 2.76 2.64 2.55

Shanxi 2.51 2.58 2.61 2.59 2.60 2.68 2.85 2.97 2.94 2.91 2.86 2.78

Inner Mongolia 2.81 2.96 3.02 3.16 3.35 3.46 3.52 3.62 3.69 3.64 3.51 3.43

Liaoning 2.22 2.21 2.27 2.24 2.24 2.37 2.50 2.45 2.55 2.56 2.42 2.31

Jilin 2.28 2.08 2.24 2.23 2.29 2.40 2.51 2.49 2.48 2.43 2.29 2.26

Heilongjiang 2.48 2.56 2.58 2.57 2.65 2.70 2.77 2.77 2.76 2.70 2.62 2.53

Shanghai 2.71 2.73 2.76 2.76 2.80 2.86 2.99 2.93 2.97 2.88 2.79 2.73

Jiangsu 2.93 2.94 3.03 2.99 3.01 3.09 3.22 3.20 3.17 3.04 2.90 2.76

Zhejiang 2.62 2.64 2.64 2.65 2.68 2.69 2.78 2.80 2.77 2.69 2.66 2.59

Anhui 2.64 2.68 2.74 2.73 2.67 2.66 2.83 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.73 2.66

Fujian 2.71 2.78 2.80 2.72 2.76 2.84 2.93 2.86 2.84 2.77 2.70 2.58

Jiangxi 2.66 2.68 2.75 2.78 2.80 2.83 2.89 2.88 2.86 2.81 2.73 2.73

Shandong 2.66 2.67 2.73 2.71 2.69 2.75 2.87 2.80 2.76 2.70 2.57 2.49

Henan 2.40 2.41 2.49 2.51 2.51 2.61 2.67 2.65 2.64 2.57 2.49 2.44

Hubei 2.49 2.51 2.59 2.62 2.56 2.59 2.72 2.73 2.73 2.69 2.64 2.54

Hunan 2.80 2.85 2.95 2.97 2.99 3.07 3.16 3.14 3.11 3.04 2.96 2.89

Guangdong 2.92 2.91 2.95 2.89 2.90 3.00 3.12 3.13 3.10 3.02 2.92 2.87

Guangxi 2.88 2.95 2.98 2.96 3.00 3.11 3.16 3.12 3.09 3.03 2.92 2.92

Hainan 3.31 3.38 3.36 3.30 3.29 3.24 3.40 3.37 3.37 3.36 3.36 3.35

Chongqing 2.66 2.69 2.71 2.70 2.75 2.82 2.90 2.86 2.83 2.81 2.75 2.71

Sichuan 2.84 2.84 2.87 2.88 2.85 2.81 2.87 2.88 2.86 2.89 2.86 2.84

Guizhou 2.88 2.92 2.94 2.97 3.01 3.05 3.10 3.11 3.13 3.09 3.07 3.03

Yunnan 2.97 2.97 3.05 3.14 3.14 3.22 3.32 3.35 3.36 3.27 3.23 3.06

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.54 2.55 2.59 2.58 2.55 2.49 2.44

Gansu 2.68 2.69 2.66 2.67 2.69 2.76 2.75 2.76 2.78 2.77 2.75 2.63

Qinghai 2.19 2.09 2.19 2.23 2.22 2.21 2.29 2.29 2.28 2.32 2.33 2.29

Ningxia 2.56 2.59 2.69 2.69 2.64 2.75 2.89 2.90 2.90 2.89 2.71 2.56

Xinjiang 2.66 2.72 2.78 2.83 2.87 2.89 3.03 3.05 2.92 2.93 2.86 2.71


Beijing 2.86 2.86 2.80 2.77 2.86 2.83 2.88 2.88 2.93 2.91 2.96 2.98

Tianjin 2.41 2.36 2.34 2.36 2.41 2.48 2.53 2.60 2.70 2.60 2.62 2.76

Hebei 2.51 2.52 2.52 2.54 2.55 2.57 2.60 2.68 2.77 2.75 2.75 2.81

Shanxi 2.79 2.80 2.80 2.87 2.91 2.93 2.96 3.00 2.83 2.69 2.78 2.72

Inner Mongolia 3.38 3.35 3.30 3.35 3.34 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.41 3.37 3.38 3.38

Liaoning 2.31 2.33 2.28 2.26 2.29 2.30 2.33 2.35 2.41 2.43 2.45 2.46

Jilin 2.27 2.27 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.31 2.33 2.40 2.44 2.46 2.47

Heilongjiang 2.51 2.51 2.46 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.53 2.55 2.60 2.63 2.62 2.60

Shanghai 2.77 2.74 2.72 2.72 2.75 2.76 2.86 2.96 2.98 3.01 3.03 3.10

Jiangsu 2.69 2.68 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.72 2.81 2.92 2.96 2.94 2.93 2.97

Zhejiang 2.60 2.58 2.56 2.55 2.55 2.56 2.58 2.60 2.61 2.63 2.62 2.65

Anhui 2.63 2.53 2.51 2.51 2.50 2.54 2.62 2.67 2.68 2.69 2.73 2.81

Fujian 2.68 2.61 2.56 2.58 2.59 2.65 2.66 2.69 2.71 2.69 2.74 2.78

Jiangxi 2.77 2.74 2.70 2.70 2.67 2.67 2.71 2.74 2.77 2.79 2.82 2.86

Shandong 2.50 2.48 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.55 2.63 2.69 2.73 2.69 2.72 2.79

Henan 2.42 2.37 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.35 2.44 2.52 2.55 2.52 2.55 2.61

Hubei 2.55 2.52 2.48 2.49 2.49 2.54 2.60 2.62 2.61 2.57 2.56 2.62

Hunan 2.85 2.86 2.83 2.81 2.81 2.83 2.85 2.85 2.91 2.95 2.96 2.99

Guangdong 2.90 2.92 2.88 2.95 2.96 3.01 3.03 3.10 3.15 3.16 3.15 3.19

Guangxi 2.95 2.94 2.92 2.91 2.90 2.92 2.96 2.96 2.98 2.98 2.99 3.00

Hainan 3.39 3.36 3.27 3.26 3.26 3.24 3.24 3.26 3.25 3.24 3.28 3.30

Chongqing 2.75 2.74 2.68 2.67 2.66 2.66 2.67 2.70 2.76 2.74 2.76 2.79

Sichuan 2.81 2.81 2.83 2.80 2.82 2.84 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.96 3.00 3.04

Guizhou 3.03 3.04 3.07 3.04 3.01 2.97 3.00 3.04 3.08 3.11 3.13 3.13

Yunnan 2.99 2.97 2.95 2.96 2.98 3.00 3.03 3.05 3.05 3.05 3.07 3.12

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.39 2.37 2.37 2.35 2.34 2.35 2.34 2.39 2.44 2.45 2.44 2.46

Gansu 2.59 2.57 2.56 2.56 2.53 2.54 2.63 2.67 2.67 2.62 2.65 2.69

Qinghai 2.14 2.16 2.25 2.21 2.25 2.31 2.38 2.40 2.41 2.38 2.40 2.35

Ningxia 2.56 2.61 2.60 2.66 2.61 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.64 2.58 2.57 2.65

Xinjiang 2.66 2.61 2.54 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.63 2.67 2.70 2.75 2.71 2.70


95


Beijing 2.98 2.96 2.98 3.04 3.08 3.12 3.07 3.10 3.24 3.28 3.35 3.42

Tianjin 2.78 2.80 2.79 2.81 2.89 2.90 2.87 2.89 2.89 2.91 2.95 2.93

Hebei 2.86 2.86 2.81 2.77 2.79 2.81 2.81 2.84 2.84 2.85 2.88 2.91

Shanxi 2.75 2.74 2.74 2.75 2.78 2.81 2.84 2.81 2.80 2.79 2.73 2.69

Inner Mongolia 3.41 3.43 3.42 3.46 3.49 3.45 3.41 3.36 3.32 3.33 3.31 3.33

Liaoning 2.48 2.43 2.44 2.48 2.52 2.54 2.50 2.51 2.53 2.55 2.60 2.62

Jilin 2.48 2.47 2.46 2.47 2.49 2.46 2.54 2.52 2.48 2.49 2.53 2.60

Heilongjiang 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.60 2.62 2.61 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.54 2.55 2.57

Shanghai 3.13 3.10 3.01 2.93 2.97 2.98 2.97 2.99 2.99 3.02 3.06 3.06

Jiangsu 2.99 2.99 2.94 2.96 2.98 2.97 2.98 3.04 3.06 3.07 3.11 3.10

Zhejiang 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.68 2.68 2.69 2.68 2.69 2.72 2.73 2.76 2.77

Anhui 2.83 2.77 2.77 2.79 2.82 2.78 2.77 2.77 2.82 2.82 2.87 2.87

Fujian 2.75 2.75 2.76 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.79 2.84 2.83 2.86 2.94 2.95

Jiangxi 2.83 2.83 2.78 2.79 2.82 2.84 2.86 2.88 2.90 2.93 2.98 2.99

Shandong 2.79 2.75 2.74 2.75 2.78 2.79 2.78 2.80 2.80 2.82 2.87 2.86

Henan 2.63 2.62 2.61 2.60 2.62 2.63 2.65 2.67 2.66 2.66 2.68 2.70

Hubei 2.63 2.62 2.64 2.66 2.69 2.71 2.70 2.72 2.73 2.77 2.82 2.79

Hunan 3.02 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.01 3.03 3.03 3.04 3.03 3.03 3.05 3.09

Guangdong 3.18 3.17 3.15 3.15 3.17 3.17 3.16 3.18 3.21 3.22 3.24 3.25

Guangxi 3.06 3.02 3.02 3.01 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.04 3.06 3.08 3.08 3.11

Hainan 3.30 3.27 3.30 3.32 3.34 3.38 3.39 3.45 3.49 3.50 3.52 3.53

Chongqing 2.82 2.80 2.79 2.77 2.78 2.81 2.79 2.75 2.75 2.80 2.82 2.83

Sichuan 3.07 3.08 3.07 3.05 3.04 3.06 3.09 3.09 3.10 3.09 3.11 3.14

Guizhou 3.15 3.17 3.16 3.16 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.20 3.19 3.22 3.27 3.30

Yunnan 3.17 3.18 3.23 3.27 3.27 3.28 3.27 3.30 3.33 3.36 3.41 3.42

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.46 2.46 2.47 2.53 2.57 2.58 2.60 2.64 2.67 2.68 2.68 2.71

Gansu 2.69 2.69 2.65 2.66 2.73 2.80 2.81 2.86 2.87 2.89 2.93 2.93

Qinghai 2.39 2.40 2.43 2.44 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.50 2.51 2.51 2.53

Ningxia 2.71 2.69 2.69 2.75 2.86 2.88 2.89 2.89 2.95 2.96 3.01 3.04

Xinjiang 2.73 2.78 2.79 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.87 2.87 2.91 2.89


Beijing 3.48 3.49 3.51 3.52 3.50 3.40 3.39 3.43 3.44 3.47 3.39 3.32

Tianjin 2.93 2.96 2.95 2.97 2.99 3.04 3.07 3.07 3.10 3.17 3.13 3.15

Hebei 2.90 2.91 2.94 2.95 2.96 2.99 3.00 3.04 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10

Shanxi 2.67 2.66 2.67 2.68 2.67 2.78 2.83 2.85 2.89 2.87 2.86 2.91

Inner Mongolia 3.34 3.33 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.34 3.37 3.41 3.41 3.42 3.40 3.40

Liaoning 2.61 2.62 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.68 2.72 2.78 2.81 2.82 2.85 2.83

Jilin 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.68 2.71 2.77 2.85 2.89 2.91 2.93 2.92 2.92

Heilongjiang 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.69 2.74 2.74 2.75 2.77 2.77 2.77 2.75

Shanghai 3.08 3.12 3.15 3.16 3.16 3.18 3.20 3.27 3.33 3.34 3.28 3.29

Jiangsu 3.09 3.12 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.23 3.29 3.35 3.43 3.37 3.28 3.26

Zhejiang 2.77 2.77 2.79 2.79 2.80 2.86 2.91 2.94 2.99 3.01 2.98 2.97

Anhui 2.86 2.88 2.92 2.94 2.95 2.96 3.02 3.06 3.10 3.07 3.03 3.02

Fujian 2.95 2.96 2.95 2.94 2.94 2.99 3.03 3.08 3.17 3.15 3.11 3.04

Jiangxi 2.98 2.99 3.04 3.04 3.04 3.06 3.12 3.16 3.24 3.26 3.22 3.20

Shandong 2.87 2.89 2.92 2.90 2.90 2.93 2.99 3.16 3.21 3.13 3.07 3.06

Henan 2.71 2.72 2.76 2.76 2.80 2.86 2.92 2.94 2.97 2.95 2.91 2.90

Hubei 2.78 2.82 2.88 2.90 2.89 2.94 2.98 3.01 3.05 3.05 3.00 2.97

Hunan 3.09 3.09 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.20 3.23 3.25 3.27 3.28 3.27 3.23

Guangdong 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.25 3.25 3.29 3.33 3.31 3.39 3.37 3.30 3.27

Guangxi 3.13 3.15 3.17 3.17 3.16 3.21 3.25 3.28 3.32 3.35 3.36 3.33

Hainan 3.51 3.54 3.53 3.51 3.48 3.49 3.55 3.58 3.61 3.63 3.63 3.56

Chongqing 2.83 2.84 2.90 2.98 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3.01 3.02 3.04 3.06

Sichuan 3.14 3.11 3.12 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.18 3.22 3.25 3.29 3.27 3.28

Guizhou 3.30 3.32 3.37 3.43 3.40 3.38 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.37 3.42 3.42

Yunnan 3.42 3.43 3.47 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.57 3.61 3.64 3.67 3.66 3.64

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.75 2.77 2.78 2.78 2.80 2.87 2.94 3.00 3.07 3.09 3.11 3.14

Gansu 2.91 2.93 2.95 2.98 3.01 3.08 3.12 3.14 3.19 3.22 3.24 3.26

Qinghai 2.55 2.55 2.78 2.92 2.94 2.94 2.97 2.98 2.99 2.99 2.99 2.99

Ningxia 3.02 3.04 3.10 3.15 3.21 3.22 3.28 3.30 3.35 3.33 3.33 3.28

Xinjiang 2.91 2.91 2.90 2.97 2.98 3.01 3.05 3.11 3.13 3.12 3.10 3.08


96

Exhibit 174: Egg Layer Compound Feed Prices, 2000 (yuan/kg) Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beijing 1.40 1.56 1.43 1.47 1.71 1.35 1.40 1.51 1.63 1.61 1.59 1.51

Tianjin 1.30 1.31 1.21 1.10 1.24 1.29 1.23 1.80 1.29 1.37 1.39

Hebei 1.23 1.16 1.14 1.27 1.29 1.22 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.22

Shanxi 1.34 1.29 1.23 1.17 1.22 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.35 1.26 1.27 1.29

Inner Mongolia 1.37 1.29 1.34 1.37 1.39 1.46 1.50 1.47 1.54 1.44 1.49 1.35

Liaoning 1.24 1.21 1.20 1.21 1.20 1.24 1.27 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.34 1.36

Jilin 1.41 1.47 1.37 1.34 1.38 1.39 1.44 1.32 1.40 1.36 1.36 1.37

Heilongjiang 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.10 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.30

Shanghai 1.36 1.36 1.51 1.43 1.41 1.44 1.41 1.49 1.50 1.52 1.53

Jiangsu 1.32 1.34 1.39 1.30 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.33 1.36 1.36 1.46 1.39

Zhejiang 1.74 1.78 1.79 1.78 1.74 1.78 1.74 1.71 1.72 1.76 1.75 1.80

Anhui 1.57 1.59 1.66 1.51 1.71 1.61 1.62 1.64 1.49 1.63 1.68 1.68

Fujian 1.74 1.75 1.74 1.70 1.73 1.86 1.71 1.71 1.70 1.81 1.75 1.72

Jiangxi 2.01 1.92 1.97 1.89 1.98 1.83 1.85 1.88 1.90 1.90 1.86 1.83

Shandong 1.51 1.29 1.57 1.28 1.28 1.22 1.30 1.25 1.31 1.34 1.32 1.36

Henan 1.48 1.36 1.39 1.29 1.22 1.28 1.25 1.24 1.25 1.28 1.33 1.35

Hubei 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.82 1.80 1.81 1.79 1.78 1.82 1.83

Hunan 1.98 1.98 1.86 1.86 1.84 1.80 1.85 1.83 1.91 1.80 1.72 1.79

Guangdong 2.16 2.14 2.16 2.14 2.15 2.17 2.18 2.20 2.21 2.13 2.21 2.20

Guangxi 2.20 2.23 2.21 2.20 2.19 2.20 2.26 2.20 2.04 2.15 2.20 2.20

Hainan 2.41 2.42 2.48 2.29 2.29 2.27 2.38 2.33 2.35 2.38 2.34 2.38

Chongqing 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.56 1.72 1.70 1.64 1.76 1.78 1.74 1.80 1.82

Sichuan 1.96 1.95 1.93 1.93 1.94 1.88 1.84 1.84 1.86 1.86 1.95 1.91

Guizhou 1.73 2.08 1.40 2.05 2.07 2.00 2.10 2.38 2.13 2.18 2.03 1.95

Yunnan 2.08 2.08 2.04 2.03 2.02 1.95 2.00 1.94 1.94 2.06 1.94 1.93

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.57 1.48 1.52 1.27 1.29 1.52 1.53 1.69 1.64 1.52 1.55 1.61

Gansu 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.30 1.35 1.37 1.35 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.34 1.31

Qinghai 2.00 2.02 1.65 1.81 1.41 1.33 1.36 1.86 1.34 1.40 1.49 1.46

Ningxia 1.20 1.35 1.20 1.43 1.36 1.60 1.60 1.60

Xinjiang 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50


Beijing 1.44 1.59 1.81 1.54 1.46 1.40 1.56 1.74 1.48 1.49 1.60 1.53

Tianjin 1.42 1.56 1.45 1.44 1.46 1.46 2.41 1.41 1.19 1.14

Hebei 1.32 1.26 1.34 1.32 1.40 1.44 1.44 1.37 1.29 1.35 1.30 1.21

Shanxi 1.38 1.21 1.39 1.45 1.49 1.57 1.51 1.54 1.55 1.63 1.46 1.58

Inner Mongolia 1.34 1.33 1.39 1.40 1.43 1.38 1.43 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.47 1.47

Liaoning 1.34 1.38 1.39 1.36 1.35 1.39 1.38 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.35 1.27

Jilin 1.41 1.41 1.59 1.42 1.45 1.43 1.46 1.45 1.43 1.43 1.45 1.41

Heilongjiang 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.30

Shanghai 1.54 1.57 1.61 1.60 1.58 1.59 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.56 1.55 1.52

Jiangsu 1.39 1.42 1.45 1.46 1.44 1.47 1.43 1.48 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.41

Zhejiang 1.83 1.88 1.84 1.79 1.84 1.82 1.82 1.86 1.84 1.85 1.83 1.73

Anhui 1.66 1.68 1.61 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.54 1.60 1.69 1.68 1.55 1.73

Fujian 1.70 1.73 1.81 1.76 1.73 1.79 1.84 1.79 1.81 1.77 1.85 1.65

Jiangxi 1.78 1.79 1.78 1.87 1.84 1.87 1.73 1.88 1.99 1.90 1.90 1.90

Shandong 1.32 1.37 1.28 1.35 1.37 1.38 1.40 1.40 1.35 1.34 1.30

Henan 1.37 1.38 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.41 1.38 1.39 1.41 1.37 1.33 1.31

Hubei 1.85 1.81 1.81 1.86 1.86 1.82 1.83 1.85 1.83 1.83 1.84

Hunan 1.88 1.66 1.75 1.95 1.80 2.00 1.88 1.87 2.00 2.02 1.93 1.88

Guangdong 2.19 2.16 2.31 2.24 2.16 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.23 2.27 2.23 2.22

Guangxi 2.22 2.32 2.28 2.27 2.32 2.28 2.34 2.32 2.36 2.26

Hainan 2.38 2.56 2.56 2.52 2.56 2.60 2.37 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.48

Chongqing 1.40 1.91 2.05 1.89 1.91 1.83 1.83 2.00 1.93 1.78 1.83

Sichuan 1.83 1.87 1.92 1.83 1.78 1.83 1.90 1.93 2.00 1.96 1.97 1.99

Guizhou 1.75 1.80 2.00 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.30 1.70 2.00 1.97 2.13 2.19

Yunnan 2.07 2.10 2.10 2.07 2.13 2.13 2.16 2.10 2.06 2.01 2.03 2.06

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.49 1.47 1.65 1.64 1.68 1.62 1.65 1.71 1.66 1.70 1.67 1.48

Gansu 1.37 1.37 1.43 1.41 1.46 1.42 1.42 1.44 1.57 1.43 1.47 1.43

Qinghai 1.46 1.46 1.11 1.43 1.48 1.42 1.39 1.40 1.36 1.39 1.43

Ningxia 1.80 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.60

Xinjiang 1.60 1.59 1.48 1.60 1.66 1.56 1.80 2.20 1.59


97


Beijing 1.53 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.39 1.42 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.39 1.38 1.37

Tianjin 1.27 1.27 1.22 1.22 1.17 1.22 1.28 2.98 1.25 1.28 1.29 1.26

Hebei 1.27 1.35 1.24 1.23 1.28 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.27 1.27 1.24

Shanxi 1.42 1.57 1.33 1.32 1.32 1.34 1.37 1.34 1.35 1.24 1.34 1.23

Inner Mongolia 1.32 1.28 1.44 1.45 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.46 1.40

Liaoning 1.25 1.24 1.25 1.30 1.34 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.32 1.33

Jilin 1.43 1.43 1.34 1.33 1.36 1.36 1.44 1.43 1.40 1.41 1.39 1.40

Heilongjiang 1.30 1.30 1.92 1.38 1.35 1.55 1.53 1.34 1.54 1.57 1.32 1.52

Shanghai 1.50 1.54 1.55 1.51 1.51 1.56 1.52 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.52 1.59

Jiangsu 1.38 1.42 1.35 1.34 1.38 1.40 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.33 1.32 1.44

Zhejiang 1.80 1.71 1.71 1.75 1.77 1.77 1.75 1.73 1.76 1.72 1.42 1.78

Anhui 1.61 1.59 1.55 1.47 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.49 1.46 1.51 1.47 1.44

Fujian 1.70 1.55 1.74 1.69 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.74 1.84 1.68 1.73 1.75

Jiangxi 1.93 1.87 1.82 1.88 1.75 1.92 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.86 1.85 1.84

Shandong 1.32 1.27 1.31 1.24 1.35 1.31 1.34 1.34 1.37 1.32 1.34 1.39

Henan 1.35 1.44 1.35 1.38 1.35 1.34 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.32 1.28 1.39

Hubei 1.84 1.86 1.86 1.78 1.85 1.83 1.78 1.75 1.68 1.69 1.68 1.72

Hunan 1.96 1.93 1.93 1.88 1.87 1.91 1.88 1.88 1.94 1.92 1.86 1.83

Guangdong 2.22 2.22 2.20 2.21 2.18 2.17 2.16 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.21

Guangxi 2.34 2.31 2.27 2.27 2.23 2.26 2.36 2.22 2.20 2.26 2.24

Hainan 2.38 2.27 2.31 2.25 2.18 2.33 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.21 2.18 2.14

Chongqing 1.84 1.65 1.80 1.76 1.85 1.84 1.88 1.86 1.69 1.73 1.68 1.74

Sichuan 1.90 1.97 1.81 1.84 1.83 1.86 1.89 1.88 1.85 1.85 1.86 1.82

Guizhou 2.01 2.17 2.16 2.08 2.03 2.07 2.08 2.00 2.10 2.03 2.05 2.04

Yunnan 2.05 2.08 2.06 2.04 2.04 2.03 2.06 2.06 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.05

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.48 1.48 1.74 1.30 1.69 1.70 1.64 1.44 1.44 1.45 1.50 1.83

Gansu 1.48 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.42 1.37 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.41 1.39

Qinghai 1.43 1.43 1.44 1.42 1.44 1.40 1.27 1.31 1.24 1.41 1.21 1.12

Ningxia 1.40 1.43 1.45 1.30 1.23 1.23 1.48 1.60 1.53 1.53 1.53

Xinjiang 1.50 1.58 1.69 1.62 1.53 1.71 1.43 1.73 1.76 1.76 1.69


Beijing 1.37 1.51 1.44 1.48 1.52 1.49 1.43 1.40 1.35 1.45 1.52 1.56

Tianjin 1.32 1.31 1.29 1.28 1.29 1.29 1.27 1.30 1.26 1.31 1.42 1.44

Hebei 1.27 1.29 1.29 1.28 1.33 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.34 1.39 1.41

Shanxi 1.39 1.39 1.31 1.34 1.36 1.36 1.31 1.35 1.43 1.45 1.48

Inner Mongolia 1.43 1.66 1.42 1.68 1.70 1.74 1.86 1.84 1.73 1.70 2.01 2.07

Liaoning 1.37 1.27 1.31 1.30 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.37 1.37 1.42 1.39

Jilin 1.42 1.41 1.43 1.46 1.44 1.40 1.40 2.54 1.43 1.43 1.54 1.54

Heilongjiang 1.39 1.55 1.53 1.35 1.41 1.37 1.41 1.47 1.46 1.54 1.57 1.54

Shanghai 1.52 1.48 1.54 1.52 1.44 1.56 1.56 1.53 1.55 1.55 1.80 1.73

Jiangsu 1.41 1.43 1.43 1.42 1.45 1.45 1.50 1.48 1.51 1.63 1.70 1.73

Zhejiang 1.74 1.74 1.77 1.81 1.79 1.78 1.81 1.79 1.81 1.87 1.95 1.87

Anhui 1.50 1.38 1.44 2.35 1.47 1.49 2.11 1.57 1.61 1.64 2.23 1.77

Fujian 1.83 1.72 1.78 1.75 1.80 1.77 1.79 1.80 1.82 1.89 2.01 2.03

Jiangxi 1.87 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.78 1.88 1.76 1.82 1.80 1.87 2.06

Shandong 1.39 1.37 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.36 1.36 1.38 1.38 1.48 1.59 1.65

Henan 1.35 1.34 1.32 1.35 1.31 1.34 1.31 1.37 1.41 1.47 1.53 1.54

Hubei 1.73 1.73 1.74 1.72 1.75 1.70 1.73 1.71 1.72 1.76 1.90 1.89

Hunan 1.83 1.78 1.83 1.82 1.77 1.79 1.77 1.74 1.76 1.82 1.97 1.99

Guangdong 2.13 2.08 2.22 2.19 2.19 2.17 2.15 2.17 2.18 2.26 2.38 2.39

Guangxi 2.23 2.22 2.22 2.32 2.31 2.32 2.39 2.21 2.21 2.26 2.31 2.31

Hainan 2.21 1.78 2.21 2.18 2.13 2.14 2.16 2.23 2.29 2.30 2.51 2.44

Chongqing 1.81 1.58 1.70 1.77 1.76 1.71 1.72 1.71 1.71 1.86 2.04 2.02

Sichuan 1.88 1.85 1.78 1.84 1.83 1.85 1.95 1.94 1.86 1.90 2.00 2.11

Guizhou 2.08 2.16 2.06 2.06 2.11 2.04 2.07 2.12 2.10 2.03 2.27 2.43

Yunnan 2.08 2.07 2.08 2.03 2.02 2.06 2.07 2.02 2.08 2.10 2.23 2.22

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.66 1.60 2.50 1.60 1.54 1.53 1.53

Gansu 1.40 1.43 1.38 1.43 1.45 1.39 1.85 1.41 1.36 1.38 1.52 1.52

Qinghai 1.22 1.26 1.09 1.09 1.15 1.07 1.08 1.22 1.13 1.20 1.20 1.18

Ningxia 1.55 1.33 1.32 1.33 1.39 1.39 1.45 1.46 1.46 1.47 1.62 1.61

Xinjiang 1.79 1.48 1.69 2.04 2.26 1.60 1.84 1.44 1.44 2.25 1.69 1.84


98


Beijing 1.53 1.64 1.63 1.66 1.70 1.70 1.81 1.82 1.76 1.77 1.74 1.74

Tianjin 1.47 1.46 1.72 1.77 1.68 1.73 1.70 1.74 1.79 1.77 1.79 1.67

Hebei 1.37 1.38 1.43 1.50 1.54 1.54 1.58 1.58 1.61 1.59 1.51 1.51

Shanxi 1.42 1.49 1.50 1.53 1.52 1.57 1.52 1.56 1.56 1.58 1.55 1.52

Inner Mongolia 2.03 1.95 1.87 2.08 2.18 1.91 2.02 2.03 2.17 2.09 2.18 2.19

Liaoning 1.41 1.32 1.40 1.50 1.47 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.47

Jilin 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.64 1.60 1.63 1.61 1.58 1.59 1.57 1.47 1.48

Heilongjiang 1.51 1.58 1.54 1.71 1.69 1.78 1.73 1.79 1.77 1.80 1.72 1.77

Shanghai 1.79 1.63 1.93 1.83 2.09 2.15 2.15 2.16 2.20 2.17 1.97 2.02

Jiangsu 1.76 1.72 1.85 1.91 1.94 1.96 1.90 1.93 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.86

Zhejiang 1.97 1.97 2.04 2.15 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.17 2.06 2.11 2.19 2.09

Anhui 1.66 1.91 1.79 1.86 1.85 1.82 1.90 1.94 1.96 1.89 1.78 1.80

Fujian 2.08 2.06 2.10 2.13 2.11 2.08 2.12 2.07 2.19 2.15 2.10 2.07

Jiangxi 2.10 2.02 2.11 2.15 2.13 2.13 2.14 2.10 2.16 2.20 2.14 2.10

Shandong 1.63 1.59 1.68 1.75 1.72 1.75 1.77 1.78 1.77 1.71 1.62 1.60

Henan 1.52 1.50 1.56 1.64 1.63 1.62 1.61 1.65 1.66 1.68 1.61 1.59

Hubei 1.87 1.83 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.95 2.03 2.07 2.04 2.06 2.01 1.99

Hunan 2.03 2.10 2.22 2.25 2.21 2.15 2.18 2.18 2.23 2.25 2.13 2.20

Guangdong 2.39 2.30 2.31 2.34 2.35 2.35 2.62 2.60 2.38 2.37 2.32 2.30

Guangxi 2.52 2.33 2.37 2.44 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.45 2.48 2.47 2.42 2.39

Hainan 2.35 2.33 2.36 2.40 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.49 2.48 2.48 2.47

Chongqing 2.04 1.98 2.01 2.26 2.30 2.34 2.26 2.29 3.76 2.36 2.39 2.41

Sichuan 2.21 2.04 2.10 2.12 2.23 2.27 2.23 2.24 2.36 2.41 2.28 2.36

Guizhou 2.23 2.21 2.23 2.31 2.26 2.31 2.33 2.35 2.39 2.42 2.41 2.33

Yunnan 2.25 2.29 2.36 2.46 2.47 2.46 2.46 2.52 2.39 2.38 2.42 2.48

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.78 1.89 2.10 1.93 1.91 1.93 1.87 1.97 1.88 2.01 1.95 1.94

Gansu 1.52 1.46 1.52 1.59 1.65 1.63 1.71 1.78 1.66 1.82 1.82 1.75

Qinghai 1.00 1.08 0.97 1.36 1.28 1.20 1.20 1.52 1.52 1.26 1.16 1.34

Ningxia 1.52 1.61 1.61 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.79 1.80 1.70 1.70 1.69 1.69

Xinjiang 1.78 1.61 1.78 1.94 1.60 2.00 1.96 2.13 2.25 2.17 2.02 1.80


Beijing 1.78 1.76 1.72 1.75 1.77 1.77 1.80 1.78 1.80 1.77 1.78 1.74

Tianjin 1.66 1.57 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.66 1.67 1.71 1.64 1.66 1.50 1.65

Hebei 1.50 1.47 1.48 1.51 1.52 1.54 1.54 1.51 1.54 1.53 1.50 1.48

Shanxi 1.44 1.47 1.48 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.48 1.45 1.47 1.49 1.48 1.46

Inner Mongolia 2.12 2.43 2.15 2.11 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.08 2.00 2.12 2.09 2.07

Liaoning 1.46 1.41 1.43 1.48 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.40 1.42

Jilin 1.47 1.46 1.43 1.45 1.48 1.53 1.46 1.46 1.52 1.47 1.47 1.44

Heilongjiang 1.72 1.53 1.71 1.67 1.69 1.70 1.65 1.64 1.62 1.55 1.52 1.45

Shanghai 2.08 1.79 1.83 1.87 1.88 1.93 1.94 1.97 1.97 1.92 1.85 1.81

Jiangsu 1.80 1.78 1.80 1.77 1.76 1.80 1.79 1.80 1.81 1.83 1.80 1.74

Zhejiang 2.05 2.02 2.06 2.08 2.05 2.05 2.04 2.05 2.05 2.02 2.02 2.00

Anhui 2.51 1.81 1.84 1.91 1.86 1.86 1.94 1.86 1.88 1.84 1.86 1.95

Fujian 2.01 1.98 2.04 2.09 2.01 2.06 2.07 2.05 2.05 2.07 2.00 1.99

Jiangxi 2.09 2.11 2.09 2.11 2.12 2.07 2.12 2.13 2.12 2.13 2.05 2.01

Shandong 1.60 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.60 1.61 1.64 1.67 1.66 1.68 1.67 1.65

Henan 1.61 1.63 1.63 1.61 1.61 1.62 1.60 1.63 1.60 2.18 1.60 1.57

Hubei 2.00 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.97 1.92 1.97 1.97 1.98 1.95 1.90

Hunan 2.09 2.08 2.18 2.21 2.19 2.17 2.15 2.19 2.19 2.18 2.18 2.13

Guangdong 2.39 2.29 2.33 2.31 2.31 2.36 2.36 2.36 2.35 2.36 2.31 2.29

Guangxi 2.39 2.37 2.38 2.37 2.35 2.37 2.37 2.38 2.36 2.34 2.34 2.33

Hainan 2.47 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.42 2.42 2.35 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.38 2.39

Chongqing 2.40 2.29 2.34 2.34 2.29 2.12 2.02 2.00 1.98 2.11 2.22 2.10

Sichuan 2.35 2.36 2.38 2.44 2.44 2.25 2.30 2.26 2.14 2.19 2.21 2.25

Guizhou 2.32 2.36 2.44 2.34 2.26 2.37 2.30 2.38 2.38 2.40 2.30 2.22

Yunnan 2.49 2.48 2.48 2.43 2.53 2.38 2.44 2.43 2.41 2.42 2.36 2.27

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.94 2.06 2.00 2.05 1.90 1.99 1.98 2.07 1.90 1.91 1.89 1.81

Gansu 1.72 1.71 1.63 1.77 1.83 1.84 1.81 1.89 1.92 1.84 1.94 1.99

Qinghai 1.26 1.78 1.28 1.30 1.30 1.50 1.64 1.83 1.51 1.62 1.62 1.51

Ningxia 1.79 1.86 1.80 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.84 1.87 1.87 1.73 1.66

Xinjiang 1.89 2.12 1.83 1.96 1.97 1.87 1.83 1.84 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.67


99


Beijing 1.63 1.61 1.56 1.62 1.79 1.79 1.76 1.78 1.78 1.81 1.79

Tianjin 1.58 1.69 1.65 1.66 1.68 1.65 1.72 1.77 1.66 1.70 1.72 1.74

Hebei 1.46 1.47 1.45 1.44 1.50 1.51 1.50 1.51 1.54 1.52 1.53 1.62

Shanxi 1.46 1.46 1.51 1.46 1.51 1.51 1.56 1.63 1.65 1.66 1.62 1.63

Inner Mongolia 2.08 2.05 2.08 2.06 2.02 2.05 2.08 2.11 2.14 2.14 2.20 2.21

Liaoning 1.44 1.47 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.46 1.51 1.48 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.54

Jilin 1.45 1.47 1.48 1.51 1.50 1.52 1.53 1.56 1.57 1.55 1.53 1.58

Heilongjiang 1.49 1.55 1.58 1.57 1.55 1.58 1.60 1.57 1.57 1.59 1.53 1.63

Shanghai 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.90 1.88 1.87 1.80 1.93 1.93 1.90

Jiangsu 1.74 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.72 1.76 1.76 1.79 1.78 1.77 1.80 1.89

Zhejiang 1.94 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.99 1.96 2.01 2.06

Anhui 1.90 1.90 1.80 1.83 1.88 1.90 1.91 1.82 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.89

Fujian 2.02 1.97 2.06 2.00 2.03 2.06 2.06 2.05 2.13 2.07 2.21 2.10

Jiangxi 2.01 1.91 2.02 2.06 2.05 2.10 2.04 2.01 2.04 2.04 2.05 2.12

Shandong 1.63 1.62 1.60 1.63 1.65 1.68 1.69 1.66 1.68 1.65 1.71 1.75

Henan 1.59 1.57 1.55 1.54 1.58 1.56 1.58 1.59 1.59 1.55 1.57 1.63

Hubei 1.92 1.92 1.89 1.88 1.89 1.93 1.89 1.90 1.92 1.93 1.97 2.03

Hunan 2.18 2.15 2.14 2.14 2.14 2.17 2.17 2.12 2.16 2.16 2.20 2.17

Guangdong 2.29 2.28 2.30 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.28 2.28 2.29 2.33 2.32 2.36

Guangxi 2.44 2.44 2.41 2.43 2.45 2.49 2.54 2.48 2.47 2.48 2.45 2.51

Hainan 2.32 2.32 2.34 2.23 2.01 2.03 2.10 2.41 2.12 2.25 2.27 2.32

Chongqing 1.85 2.02 2.09 2.01 2.05 1.98 1.91 1.99 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.00

Sichuan 2.22 2.25 2.29 2.20 2.14 2.17 2.15 2.17 2.18 2.25 2.20 2.22

Guizhou 2.22 2.24 2.27 2.17 2.21 2.13 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.21 2.25 2.24

Yunnan 2.30 2.35 2.30 2.34 2.32 2.27 2.33 2.30 2.33 2.34 2.36 2.37

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.80 1.73 1.73 1.71 1.78 1.72 1.76 1.75 1.68 1.74 1.62 1.73

Gansu 1.89 1.89 1.93 1.94 1.88 1.90 1.82 1.80 1.92 1.94 1.92 1.95

Qinghai 1.62 1.52 1.18 1.69 1.55 1.70 1.73 1.70 1.73 1.73 1.75

Ningxia 1.59 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.65 1.63 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.71

Xinjiang 1.78 1.72 1.66 1.71 1.76 1.79 1.69 1.28 1.74 1.82 1.69 1.73


Beijing 1.81 1.82 1.84 1.84 1.86 1.85 1.93 1.93 1.90 1.95 2.16 2.24

Tianjin 1.71 1.67 1.68 1.72 1.77 1.87 1.91 1.98 2.02 2.03 2.12 2.24

Hebei 1.57 1.59 1.61 1.58 1.66 1.73 1.74 1.77 1.79 1.87 2.08 2.11

Shanxi 1.65 1.68 1.70 1.72 1.67 1.80 1.82 1.75 1.83 1.89 1.92 2.03

Inner Mongolia 2.23 2.27 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.15 2.16 2.16 2.46 2.18 2.36 2.35

Liaoning 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.54 1.61 1.66 1.64 1.65 1.67 1.67 1.76 1.83

Jilin 1.62 1.69 1.59 1.58 1.60 1.92 1.80 1.81 1.88 1.83 1.88 1.88

Heilongjiang 1.66 1.68 1.71 1.74 1.87 1.84 1.83 2.04 1.98 2.01 2.08 2.03

Shanghai 1.90 1.97 2.04 1.95 1.97 2.18 2.17 2.08 2.27 2.43 2.60 2.54

Jiangsu 1.85 1.87 1.90 1.92 1.91 1.95 1.98 1.99 2.18 2.20 2.36 2.60

Zhejiang 2.08 2.08 2.11 2.13 2.12 2.17 2.19 2.22 2.29 2.31 2.40 2.44

Anhui 1.90 1.89 1.84 1.95 1.97 2.01 2.08 2.11 2.13 2.29 2.39

Fujian 2.06 2.18 2.21 2.20 2.21 2.24 2.29 2.29 2.35 2.42 2.48 2.61

Jiangxi 2.13 2.14 2.17 2.08 2.15 2.08 2.18 2.25 2.29 2.34 2.42 2.44

Shandong 1.76 1.77 1.79 1.79 1.82 1.82 1.86 1.92 2.01 2.04 2.17 2.23

Henan 1.66 1.67 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.75 1.79 1.86 1.92 1.89 1.98 2.14

Hubei 2.02 2.03 2.06 2.07 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.07 2.11 2.18 2.25 2.28

Hunan 2.29 2.24 2.36 2.39 2.34 2.37 2.46 2.41 2.40 2.53 2.49 2.48

Guangdong 2.39 2.45 2.47 2.45 2.42 2.47 2.50 2.46 2.53 2.58 2.60 2.81

Guangxi 2.51 2.56 2.58 2.58 2.60 2.65 2.69 2.74 2.77 2.76 2.81 2.82

Hainan 2.53 2.40 2.36 2.19 2.19 2.24 2.37 2.43 2.42 2.47 2.55 2.47

Chongqing 1.94 1.82 2.05 1.96 1.95 1.93 1.94 1.90 2.03 2.09 2.25 2.27

Sichuan 2.29 2.31 2.30 2.30 2.38 2.31 2.40 2.44 2.44 2.39 2.50 2.51

Guizhou 2.24 2.19 2.28 2.41 2.40 2.54 2.50 2.54 2.61 2.55 2.52 2.67

Yunnan 2.40 2.39 2.38 2.37 2.41 2.46 2.49 2.56 2.54 2.70 2.65 2.69

Tibet

Shaanxi 1.83 1.70 1.85 1.81 1.96 2.03 1.97 1.91 2.02 1.99 2.05 2.38

Gansu 1.96 2.06 2.06 1.96 1.98 2.05 2.03 1.90 2.10 2.23 2.17 2.18

Qinghai 1.77 2.13 1.64 1.66 1.76 1.87 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.90 2.00 1.90

Ningxia 1.70 1.78 1.78 1.77 1.87 1.87 1.80 1.87 1.92 2.01 2.01 1.71

Xinjiang 1.76 1.79 1.82 1.73 1.78 1.83 2.07 1.99 2.10 2.07 2.17 2.23


100


Beijing 2.24 2.26 2.24 2.25 2.28 2.35 2.51 2.51 2.43 2.39 2.34 2.29

Tianjin 2.25 2.27 2.29 2.23 2.23 2.34 2.43 2.41 2.36 2.24 2.19 2.11

Hebei 2.17 2.17 2.19 2.20 2.23 2.30 2.40 2.45 2.41 2.27 2.15 2.05

Shanxi 2.08 2.11 2.12 2.11 2.06 2.09 2.16 2.18 2.17 2.15 2.08 2.03

Inner Mongolia 2.33 2.53 2.64 2.78 2.84 2.97 3.01 3.00 3.08 3.02 2.94 2.86

Liaoning 1.89 1.88 1.91 1.89 1.90 1.98 2.08 2.05 2.12 2.11 2.06 2.01

Jilin 1.88 1.82 1.91 1.92 1.95 2.07 2.20 2.18 2.19 2.14 2.02 2.01

Heilongjiang 2.30 2.40 2.44 2.46 2.55 2.56 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.53 2.38 2.26

Shanghai 2.54 2.58 2.59 2.58 2.68 2.73 2.81 2.65 2.70 2.63 2.58 2.51

Jiangsu 2.61 2.62 2.66 2.59 2.57 2.66 2.77 2.66 2.63 2.52 2.41 2.28

Zhejiang 2.51 2.52 2.52 2.53 2.56 2.54 2.57 2.59 2.58 2.49 2.43 2.40

Anhui 2.36 2.38 2.41 2.40 2.38 2.44 2.53 2.54 2.51 2.52 2.46 2.41

Fujian 2.59 2.65 2.67 2.60 2.66 2.77 2.85 2.79 2.74 2.68 2.64 2.52

Jiangxi 2.50 2.53 2.59 2.58 2.58 2.61 2.66 2.66 2.64 2.63 2.59 2.54

Shandong 2.32 2.32 2.37 2.33 2.32 2.37 2.48 2.43 2.38 2.30 2.17 2.10

Henan 2.14 2.15 2.20 2.21 2.19 2.27 2.36 2.35 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.19

Hubei 2.30 2.34 2.39 2.44 2.39 2.45 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.56 2.45 2.38

Hunan 2.67 2.76 2.76 2.77 2.79 2.86 2.95 2.96 2.93 2.91 2.89 2.84

Guangdong 2.91 2.92 2.91 2.81 2.83 2.96 3.11 3.11 3.05 2.97 2.84 2.81

Guangxi 2.90 3.19 2.88 2.87 2.90 2.96 2.99 2.95 2.94 2.89 2.85 2.82

Hainan 3.16 3.24 3.28 3.28 3.26 3.30 3.37 3.34 3.36 3.32 3.28 3.25

Chongqing 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.52 2.57 2.66 2.62 2.59 2.59 2.55 2.51

Sichuan 2.71 2.72 2.73 2.72 2.69 2.65 2.72 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.71 2.70

Guizhou 2.87 2.89 2.90 2.95 2.98 3.03 3.05 3.02 3.05 3.00 2.96 2.91

Yunnan 2.75 2.79 2.86 2.93 2.96 3.04 3.11 3.14 3.15 3.11 3.01 2.83

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.29 2.35 2.30 2.32 2.29 2.30 2.34 2.38 2.38 2.35 2.28 2.23

Gansu 2.30 2.37 2.36 2.37 2.39 2.42 2.46 2.52 2.52 2.50 2.50 2.45

Qinghai 2.08 2.16 2.15 2.23 2.17 2.19 2.27 2.29 2.23 2.08 2.06 2.14

Ningxia 2.23 2.29 2.33 2.14 2.34 2.49 2.62 2.64 2.69 2.56 2.45 2.34

Xinjiang 2.30 2.30 2.40 2.44 2.46 2.52 2.57 2.60 2.51 2.41 2.36 2.19


Beijing 2.18 2.16 2.22 2.24 2.34 2.41 2.43 2.48 2.50 2.46 2.49 2.53

Tianjin 2.11 2.06 2.08 2.11 2.13 2.21 2.30 2.42 2.47 2.40 2.44 2.51

Hebei 2.02 2.02 2.01 2.04 2.07 2.11 2.17 2.27 2.33 2.32 2.31 2.36

Shanxi 2.05 2.04 2.00 2.00 2.02 2.06 2.10 2.15 2.21 2.26 2.27 2.28

Inner Mongolia 2.82 2.81 2.77 2.78 2.78 2.79 2.83 2.83 2.92 2.90 2.93 2.96

Liaoning 1.98 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.95 1.98 2.01 2.02 2.11 2.14 2.15 2.16

Jilin 2.02 2.01 1.99 2.00 2.02 2.03 2.07 2.08 2.10 2.11 2.11 2.13

Heilongjiang 2.24 2.25 2.22 2.23 2.26 2.30 2.32 2.35 2.43 2.48 2.46 2.43

Shanghai 2.55 2.51 2.50 2.53 2.57 2.66 2.69 2.70 2.68 2.72 2.74 2.79

Jiangsu 2.24 2.27 2.24 2.23 2.28 2.34 2.40 2.46 2.50 2.46 2.47 2.52

Zhejiang 2.42 2.41 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.44 2.45 2.47 2.48 2.48 2.51

Anhui 2.40 2.28 2.27 2.27 2.24 2.29 2.37 2.40 2.42 2.43 2.46 2.57

Fujian 2.60 2.53 2.49 2.51 2.51 2.56 2.59 2.62 2.64 2.64 2.67 2.71

Jiangxi 2.56 2.54 2.49 2.47 2.41 2.43 2.44 2.48 2.52 2.56 2.60 2.66

Shandong 2.09 2.08 2.07 2.08 2.12 2.17 2.26 2.35 2.40 2.35 2.36 2.43

Henan 2.16 2.11 2.05 2.06 2.05 2.09 2.16 2.22 2.27 2.23 2.25 2.30

Hubei 2.36 2.32 2.29 2.29 2.26 2.30 2.35 2.39 2.40 2.38 2.39 2.45

Hunan 2.83 2.84 2.79 2.73 2.72 2.73 2.77 2.80 2.82 2.83 2.85 2.87

Guangdong 2.85 2.85 2.78 2.87 2.90 2.95 2.96 3.02 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.15

Guangxi 2.83 2.84 2.80 2.77 2.76 2.77 2.80 2.80 2.86 2.88 2.88 2.90

Hainan 3.27 3.23 3.15 3.04 3.00 3.01 3.04 3.04 3.02 3.00 3.03 3.06

Chongqing 2.54 2.54 2.49 2.48 2.47 2.47 2.45 2.49 2.49 2.45 2.47 2.51

Sichuan 2.69 2.69 2.70 2.69 2.70 2.73 2.77 2.76 2.78 2.82 2.85 2.88

Guizhou 2.90 2.91 2.96 2.93 2.88 2.83 2.85 2.88 2.91 2.95 2.97 2.97

Yunnan 2.73 2.73 2.72 2.73 2.74 2.74 2.77 2.78 2.78 2.78 2.79 2.85

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.20 2.17 2.17 2.16 2.14 2.15 2.17 2.22 2.25 2.24 2.25 2.29

Gansu 2.45 2.45 2.44 2.45 2.39 2.42 2.52 2.53 2.50 2.48 2.52 2.56

Qinghai 2.06 2.08 2.12 2.07 2.11 2.13 2.19 2.23 2.23 2.21 2.29 2.23

Ningxia 2.37 2.41 2.40 2.48 2.43 2.41 2.40 2.43 2.50 2.37 2.39 2.45

Xinjiang 2.12 2.09 2.09 2.11 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.34 2.38 2.33 2.33


101


Beijing 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.48 2.50 2.53 2.48 2.50 2.60 2.62 2.65 2.72

Tianjin 2.51 2.48 2.43 2.45 2.53 2.52 2.51 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.61 2.59

Hebei 2.38 2.37 2.32 2.30 2.33 2.33 2.31 2.34 2.34 2.35 2.38 2.42

Shanxi 2.27 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.27 2.32 2.31 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.35 2.36

Inner Mongolia 2.96 2.97 2.99 3.04 3.10 3.05 3.03 2.99 2.94 2.95 3.00 3.01

Liaoning 2.17 2.15 2.16 2.15 2.21 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.29 2.31 2.35 2.38

Jilin 2.16 2.14 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.15 2.23 2.23 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.26

Heilongjiang 2.43 2.43 2.40 2.41 2.45 2.44 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.41 2.43 2.45

Shanghai 2.79 2.75 2.72 2.75 2.78 2.77 2.77 2.80 2.81 2.84 2.89 2.89

Jiangsu 2.54 2.55 2.46 2.49 2.55 2.52 2.53 2.57 2.58 2.60 2.64 2.63

Zhejiang 2.52 2.52 2.53 2.55 2.56 2.58 2.56 2.56 2.57 2.57 2.59 2.60

Anhui 2.58 2.55 2.55 2.60 2.61 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.62 2.62 2.67 2.66

Fujian 2.68 2.67 2.67 2.68 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.71 2.71 2.75 2.80 2.80

Jiangxi 2.68 2.66 2.61 2.61 2.65 2.69 2.71 2.74 2.76 2.80 2.84 2.85

Shandong 2.42 2.39 2.37 2.38 2.41 2.42 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.49 2.47

Henan 2.31 2.31 2.30 2.30 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.38 2.37 2.37 2.41 2.41

Hubei 2.46 2.44 2.46 2.47 2.49 2.52 2.53 2.56 2.57 2.60 2.64 2.64

Hunan 2.91 2.89 2.87 2.87 2.87 2.89 2.89 2.90 2.90 2.89 2.91 2.95

Guangdong 3.16 3.15 3.13 3.15 3.19 3.19 3.19 3.22 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.24

Guangxi 2.78 2.78 2.82 2.78 2.77 2.75 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.75 2.77 2.79

Hainan 3.09 3.04 3.04 3.07 3.08 3.14 3.18 3.25 3.30 3.31 3.35 3.39

Chongqing 2.55 2.58 2.57 2.57 2.59 2.61 2.57 2.54 2.54 2.59 2.56 2.57

Sichuan 2.91 2.93 2.92 2.92 2.91 2.93 2.94 2.94 2.95 2.95 2.96 2.99

Guizhou 2.98 3.00 3.00 3.02 3.06 3.08 3.09 3.09 3.10 3.12 3.14 3.16

Yunnan 2.91 2.92 2.96 3.01 3.04 3.06 3.05 3.08 3.10 3.13 3.18 3.21

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.31 2.33 2.35 2.43 2.46 2.47 2.52 2.53 2.53 2.52 2.51 2.51

Gansu 2.57 2.57 2.53 2.56 2.61 2.67 2.70 2.72 2.70 2.73 2.78 2.79

Qinghai 2.24 2.24 2.33 2.35 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.37 2.42 2.46 2.46 2.46

Ningxia 2.43 2.40 2.40 2.44 2.50 2.50 2.49 2.51 2.52 2.56 2.72 2.78

Xinjiang 2.38 2.42 2.47 2.59 2.61 2.61 2.55 2.57 2.64 2.62 2.64 2.64


Beijing 2.76 2.78 2.75 2.76 2.71 2.63 2.61 2.60 2.61 2.71 2.68 2.59

Tianjin 2.59 2.58 2.59 2.52 2.53 2.61 2.66 2.69 2.71 2.72 2.65 2.61

Hebei 2.45 2.46 2.48 2.49 2.47 2.48 2.54 2.59 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.62

Shanxi 2.35 2.36 2.38 2.35 2.38 2.43 2.47 2.52 2.58 2.63 2.63 2.62

Inner Mongolia 3.01 3.01 3.00 3.02 3.01 3.04 3.08 3.13 3.16 3.17 3.15 3.15

Liaoning 2.38 2.40 2.39 2.40 2.42 2.45 2.52 2.54 2.55 2.57 2.55 2.55

Jilin 2.26 2.27 2.30 2.34 2.37 2.43 2.51 2.52 2.52 2.54 2.53 2.52

Heilongjiang 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.53 2.58 2.59 2.58 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.57

Shanghai 2.93 2.94 2.95 2.99 2.96 2.99 3.02 3.08 3.13 3.13 3.06 3.04

Jiangsu 2.63 2.67 2.71 2.71 2.73 2.81 2.85 2.89 2.97 2.91 2.80 2.78

Zhejiang 2.60 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.64 2.70 2.74 2.78 2.84 2.85 2.83 2.81

Anhui 2.66 2.68 2.73 2.74 2.76 2.77 2.83 2.88 2.92 2.87 2.83 2.81

Fujian 2.81 2.82 2.81 2.80 2.81 2.84 2.87 2.92 3.00 2.99 2.95 2.88

Jiangxi 2.86 2.86 2.89 2.91 2.93 2.95 2.99 3.03 3.12 3.17 3.15 3.10

Shandong 2.48 2.48 2.50 2.49 2.50 2.54 2.60 2.74 2.78 2.71 2.64 2.62

Henan 2.42 2.42 2.47 2.47 2.48 2.52 2.57 2.60 2.64 2.63 2.59 2.59

Hubei 2.64 2.67 2.71 2.73 2.74 2.78 2.81 2.87 2.89 2.89 2.85 2.83

Hunan 2.97 2.98 3.02 3.03 3.03 3.08 3.13 3.15 3.19 3.20 3.20 3.17

Guangdong 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.23 3.22 3.28 3.33 3.29 3.32 3.33 3.29 3.27

Guangxi 2.84 2.86 2.86 2.86 2.84 2.86 2.90 2.92 2.97 2.98 2.99 2.96

Hainan 3.36 3.37 3.37 3.33 3.28 3.30 3.39 3.40 3.45 3.48 3.47 3.43

Chongqing 2.57 2.57 2.61 2.67 2.67 2.68 2.70 2.71 2.74 2.76 2.76 2.75

Sichuan 2.97 2.99 3.01 3.04 3.02 3.03 3.06 3.09 3.13 3.18 3.17 3.16

Guizhou 3.16 3.19 3.24 3.29 3.27 3.28 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.34 3.37

Yunnan 3.23 3.23 3.28 3.32 3.33 3.36 3.40 3.42 3.45 3.47 3.47 3.45

Tibet

Shaanxi 2.54 2.55 2.55 2.54 2.55 2.61 2.67 2.71 2.78 2.80 2.77 2.80

Gansu 2.79 2.82 2.86 2.88 2.90 2.97 3.00 3.01 3.05 3.10 3.14 3.16

Qinghai 2.46 2.45 2.72 2.80 2.81 2.84 2.90 2.92 2.95 2.96 2.97 2.97

Ningxia 2.79 2.83 2.86 2.90 2.91 2.91 2.98 3.01 3.06 3.04 3.04 2.98

Xinjiang 2.67 2.66 2.64 2.67 2.67 2.68 2.70 2.74 2.75 2.74 2.71 2.73

china’s growing appetite for meats: · pdf filefor meats: implications for world...

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