AD-A167 438 A CHINCHILLA RESTRAINT SYSTEM() TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS l1/1

CALLIER CENTER FOR COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

HARGETT ET AL. JAN 86 USRARL-96-1 DAD7-8I-C-S±69UNCLSSIFIED F/O 6/1IS M

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11111'.25 L111 A~ .

MICROCOPY RESOLUTIONI TESISCH-ARrNA A HI I '~ A, r TANI,'

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USAARL REPORT NO. 86-1

0

A CHINCHILLA RESTRAINT SYSTEM

ByC.E. Hargett, Jr. /

CALLIER CENTER FOR COMMUNICATION DISORDERSUniversity of Texas at Dallas

James H. Patterson, Jr.Dennis L. Curd

Melvin Carrier, Jr.Ilia M. Lomba Gautier

SENSORY RESEARCH DIVISIONand

Robert J. JonesTECHNICAL AND LOGISTICAL SERVICES DIVISIONC-DTI C

January 198 DICMAY 0 5 1986

S86 5 5 E02 3

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited.

S~i 1iIU IAARA..L

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J.-.

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Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Donot return it to the originator.

Disclaimer

The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in thisreport are those of the authors and should not be construedas an official Department of the Army position, policy, ordecision, unless so designated by other officialdocumentation. Citation of trade names in this report doesnot constitute an official Department of the Armyendorsement or approval of the use of such commercial items. N,

Animal Use

In conducting the research described in this report,the investigators adhered to the "Guide for LaboratoryAnimal Facilities and Care," as promulgated by the Committeeon the Guide for Laboratory Animal Resources, NationalAcademy of Sciences-National Research Council.

Reviewed:

BRUCE C. LEIBRECHT, LTC, MISDirector, Sensory Research Released for Publication:

Division

J eD. LaMOTHE, LTC, MS DSftLEY R.RICE"Chairman, Scientific Review Colonel, MC

Committee Commanding

UNCLASSIFIED-4'SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (*%hen Data Entered)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS

I BEFORE COMPLETING FORMS. REPORT NUMBER 82. GOVT ACCESSONJ RECIPIENT'S CATALO(U NUMBER

USAARI0 Report No. 86-1 A A ( q4. TITLE (and Subtitie) S. TYPE OF REPORT 6 PERIOD COVERED

A Chinchilla Restraint System 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER e

7. AUTHOR(@) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)C.E. Hargett, Jr., James H. Patterson, Jr.,Dennis L. Curd, Melvin Carrier, Jr., Ilia M. DAMD 17-80-C-0109Lomba Gantier, and Robert J. Jones _"

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT PROJECT, TASKAREA& WRK NITNUMBERISensory Research Division RE .WOKNI

US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory IIO2A, 3MI,6 02BS IC' I I CB-Fort Rucker, AL 36362-5000 282

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 2. REPORT DATE

US Army Medical Research and Development Command January 1986Fort Detrick 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Frederick, MD 21701-5012 2214. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(II different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thie report)

Unclassified

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

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IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19 KEY WOODS (Continue on re,'er*ae std It neceeary and Identify by block number)

(hi) j11 hi 1, ,

Rest raint S,,! ter,im i ,.c' No, , "h'lat ,i; :1 [ B'I,I vi

20 A STRACT (n"Contu.e an reverse eafd If nmceeeary mad Identify by block number) -%

A rei!t;lint ,;ewttm is ec;ribed that uses the chinchil];i's natural behavior

ti, Lcv!tri sh po-,i t i v posit ioning relative to the sound source for the r'*

,,xpo I, ,I rv;earcth subj ects to high intensity impulse noise. Photographs

ot the system in use and detailed drawings for construction are included.Ising this system, 108 chinchillas were exposed without mishap.

DO FOM 147 EDITION Or I NOV6S IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED ""

1,FCURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGF" (WhIm Date Fnte, edl

-, ,i ~l _ .:._%i',:"_.,."..:,._,.'_" ._ . " . . . . . .., .q, . ., - .' ' '. ' -.: ." ", - . ." -' - -,' '" - . ," "." .--_ .- -,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

List of Figures ............................................ 2

Introduction ............................................... 3

Methods and Materials .................................. 3

Results and Conclusions ................................ 9

References ................................................

Appendixes

A. Detailed Drawings for Constructionof The Chinchilla Restraint System ............. 12

B. List of Equipment Manufacturers ................ 16

Accession For

NTIS GRA&IDTIC TABUnannounced LIJust if icat ionu-- ,

Distribuetion/

Avallabilit. Codes *,, Avawl ano/or ,

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. PAGE NO.

1 Chinchilla in restraint system readyfor exposure.................................. 4

2 Body wrap with fastener......................... 4

3 Body wrap support ..... ......................... 6

4 Pinna position stabilizer......... ............. 6

5 Chinchilla restraint system hanger .............

6 Body wrap partially closed.................. o...7

7 Completely enclosed subject..................... 8

8 Complete chinchilla restraint system (CRS)without subject in place for clarity ..........

9 Chinchilla with taped pinna.............. ...... 10

10 Chinchilla ready for exposure................... 10

.1 we

2.'

4 I

INTRODUCTION

n studies of noise-induced hearing loss inchinchillas, it is necessary to restrain the animal in aknown noise field for the duration of the exposure (-gure"Y. In studies of continuous noise effects, a small cage inwhich the subject is free to move abou .ha sben d sed,(Burdick et al., 1978; Burdick, 1982).S*The orienta-ton of *

the subject TIn studies of continuous noise effects is notcritical due to the omnidirectional nature of the exposure.In contrast, freefield impulse noise is a highly directionalsound field by its essential nature. The need to restrainthe research subject and fix its orientation relative to thesource of the impulse is critical in impulse noise exposures.(Patterson et al., 1985).-.&Only fizeri'es wert-f~und-in the literature about chinchilla restraining devices.•(Lawson, Barranpp,..and Sorenson, 1966; Leibrecht,, t9M; andStrout, 1976). 'These devices were applicable more forroutine clinical procedures, administering medication,detecting motion, and collecting semen for reproductionstudies. None were suited for auditory research. This ledus to develop the chinchilla restraint system (CRS).

The function of the CRS is to maintain a chinchilla ina stable, immobile position which can be standardized forall subjects during studies of noise-induced hearing loss.The CRS accomplishes this using the chinchilla's own naturaltendencies as a burrowing creature In the wild, they livein small caves and clefts in rock ormations which providenatural protection from predators. With little means toprotect themselves, remaining immob le in small places addsto the chinchilla's protection affor ed by the naturalcamouflage (Bowen and Jenkins, 1969). The CRS provides anartificial burrow in which a chinchilla seems content toremain quiet for extended periods. This report details thedesign and use of the CRS.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

The CRS consists of four major components. Each is INlisted with a brief description of its function.

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The body wrap (Figure 2) is a piece of 2.4-2.8 mm thick L0leather with Velcro* closures that encases the subject. Thewrap has holes cut out for both pinnae and both rear legs toprotrude (Appendix A).

The body wrap support (Figure 3) is a 1.2-1.6 mm thick Oleather piece with Velcro closures that encases the bodywrap and attaches it to the system hanger (Appendix A).

The pinna position stabilizer (Figure 4) is a 2.0 mmsingle strand of copper wire mounted in a plastic base andshaped to the approximate natural contour of a chinchillapinna. The pinna position stabilizer lies between the bodywrap support and the body wrap. The flexible wire allowsthe contour to vary with individual subjects (Appendix A).

The chinchilla restraint system hanger (Figure 5) is ametal device fabricated in the USAARL machine shop. Itattaches the twin parallel loops of the body wrap support tothe support base. Thus, the hanger positions the entiresystem and its enclosed subject correctly in the sound field(Appendix A).

As can be seen in Figure 6, which shows the body wrappartially closed, the tube being formed encloses thechinchilla snugly with only pinnae, rear legs, and tailexposed. Figure 7 shows a completely enclosed subject.

Figure 8 shows, for clarity, the complete assemblywithout subject in place. Once secure around thechinchilla, the body wrap is placed in the body wrap supportand the pinna position stabilizer is inserted between thebody wrap and the body wrap support and held in place byfriction. The wire end is the outermost portion. This isshaped beforehand to a normal chinchilla pinna and usinglast minute observations adjusted to the individualsubject's pinna shape.

The importance of this cannot be overemphasized. Thechinchilla has been observed to cause its pinnae to fold anddroop over its auditory canal opening, thus partiallyblocking noise. The pinna of the exposed ear is taped tothe pinna position stabilizer with Minnesota Mining andManufacturing Company Micropore surgical tape* using thenatural shape of the nonexposed pinna as a guide. The earis cleaned by utilizing common masking tape as one woulddelint a garment using masking tape. This allows the

".r.

*See Appendix B

5...

.- ::

FIGURE 3. Body wrap support.

FIGURE 4. Pinna position stabilizer.

FIGURE 5. Chinchilla restraint system hanger.

FIGURE 6. Body wrap partially closed.

7

FIGURE 7. Completely enclosed subject.

FIG[IRE 8. I(Cn!)ott chiwlji il rcst1-oifl ''ti (CRS) withoutU

4

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Micropore tape to hold the pinna firmly (Figure 9) for the 1Wentire duration of the exposure without risk of the pinnabreaking free, thus ruining the exposure condition.

The sequence of steps necessary, and the approximatetime to complete each step to place a chinchilla in the CRSis: (a) place the body wrap support on the CRS hanger'stwin steel rods (approximately I minute); (b) attach the CRShanger to its stand (approximately 1 minute); (c) place thechinchilla into the body wrap head first, pulling both legsall the way down from the underside and closing the Velcro,being careful to have a snug, but not too tight, fit (takestwo people approximately 3 minutes); (d) clean ear withmasking tape (approximately 1 minute); (e) place body wrapcontaining chinchilla into the body wrap support, insertingpinna position stablizer (approximately 1 minute); and, (f)tape pinna to pinna position stabilizer (approximately 1minute). The whole operation takes two people only 7-8minutes to complete. A chinchilla thus restrained is readyfor exposure (Figure 10).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Once inside the body wrap portion of the CRS, thechinchilla's behavior becomes calm. Occasional kicks withthe feet and flicks of the tail replace the hectic scrambleof an animal being held by hand. The subject's behaviorchange is rapid once the head is in position and the Velcroclosure is complete. Although the most desirabletemperature for chinchillas is between 60-75 degreesFahrenheit (Bowen and Jenkins, 1969), the CRS has not provento cause overheating. Experience has shown chinchillas maybe restrained using this system for up to 1 hour with noadverse effects. Caution would be indicated when using thedevice in hot and humid conditions.

As a result of using the CRS in our impulse noiseexperiments, we have achieved totally stable, repeatable,and safe positioning of our research subjects relative tothe sound source. The CRS has been used to expose 108chinchillas to impulse noise. There have been no mishaps ordeaths attributable to the use of this system. Capitalizingon the research subject's natural behavior to accomplishrestraint, using the CRS is less traumatic to the researchsubject and more acceptable in terms of project needs.

9

............. .......... . . .......... .....

FIGURE 9. Chinchilla with taped pinna.

R.1

FIGURE 10. Chinchilla ready for exposure.

10 -.

REFERENCES

Bowen, E.G. and Jenkins, R.W. 1969. Chinchilla: HistorHusbandry, Marketing. Alder Printing Co., HackensackNJ•

Burdick, C.K. 1982. Hearing loss from low-frequency noise.New Perspectives on Noise-Induced Hearin Loss,eI-., R.P. Hamernik, R. Henderson, r. Savaven Press,NY.

Burdick, C.K., Patterson, J.H., Jr., Mozo, B.T., and Camp,R.T. 1978. Threshold shifts in chinchillas exposed to octavebands of noise centered at 63 and 1000 Hz for three days. The pJournal of the Acoustical Society of America, 64:458-466.

Lawson, R.L., Barranco, S. and Sorenson, A.M., Jr. 1966. Adevice to restrain the mouse, rat, hamster, and chinchillato facilitate semen collection and other reproductive studies.Laboratory Animal Care, 16:72-79.

Leibrecht, B.C. 1974. Small animal restraint and movementdetection apparatus. Physiology and Behavior,13:455-459.

Patterson, J.H., Jr., Lomba Gautier, I.M., Curd, D.L., Hamernik,R.P., Salvi, R.J., Hargett, C.E., Jr., Turrentine, G. 1985.The effect of impulse intensity and the number of impulses on

- !ring ndco_ hear pathology in-othe-inchl-TT FortRuck-er, .,.'..AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Resea-rc--Laboratory. USAARL ReportNo. 85-3.

Strout, H.C. 1976. A restraining device and oral dosingtechnique for the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). LaboratoryAnimal Science, 26(4):610-612.

%, °No %

11

APPENDIX A

Figures A-I through A-6 are detailed drawings forconstruction of the chinchilla restraint system.

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BOD WRA FASTENER .

---------------

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Live Oak Pretaiva *red* Cowhide -I.. 1.5..i Thick

50 swo Loop T~e Voerase

------------------------------------------------- *gelgeeh0.mP~ e 0-~-3-teA-

Finished Length Much

Raw Alone Entire Width

Velcro pet NO. 19077 95Daee 2lRNsela

* Al Ohnneio. inUihieieq

BODY WRAP SUPPORT

1.6mm Thick Engravers-o-5Plastic (2 Required) 3

1- 140

1.6mm Thick Engraver* -r- a-IsPlastic (2 Required)I

1 140 :3 Laers f Plstic2mm Diameter Single

laer TofPlasti Strand Malleable CopperGlue TogtherWire 290mm Long

Assembled View 1

All Dimensions In MillimetersPINNA POSITION STABLIZER

41

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Drift Thtu O.&D Hole42 Place*)

D04I-TI I n,.teasr Atsnei.eSe

13.5

48S Chaerir (TYP?

41 O DrIl and Top for 01-4 anSus Hex Socket 2 ReqviredSl *Grew X Sum Long (3 Pieae)

All Dinsions In MiiflmeotersCHINCHILLA RESTRAINT SYSTEM HANGER

-19muD Electrical Metallic inbingUnderwriters Laboratory%ieaue No. JASOS

750

Fisher Part No. 14-070-EL-1

(-All Dimensions In Millimeters

CHINCHILLA RESTRAINT SYSTEM BASE

KVI

APPENDIX B

LIST OF MANUFACTURERS

3M CompanyMedical Products DivisionSaint Paul, MN 55104

Velcro USA Inc.406 Brown Avenue, P.O. Box 5218Manchester, NH 03108

Fisher International Headquarters50 Fadem RoadSpringfield, NJ 07081

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