chinese civil war who gains control of china and why? vs
TRANSCRIPT
Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War(1945-1949)(1945-1949)
Mao Zedong (CCP) Chiang Kai-Shek (KMT)Communists Common NameCommon Name Nationalists
Northern China Area controlledArea controlled Southern China
Soviet Union Foreign SupportForeign Support United States
Communism Domestic PolicyDomestic Policy Capitalism
Strong support from peasants
Public SupportPublic Support Support from wealthy landowners
Experienced, motivate, guerilla warfare
Military OrganizationMilitary Organization Ineffective, corrupt, poor morale
Truce During WW IITruce During WW II• Most of the fighting in WW II was done by Mao’s Red Army
• During the war US gave $1.5 billion to Nationalists to fight Japan
• Most of this money is wasted or “stolen”
Mao’s Red Army (CCP) vs. Chiang’s Nationalist Army (KMT)Mao’s Red Army (CCP) vs. Chiang’s Nationalist Army (KMT)
• US gives additional $2 billion to help Nationalists beat Communists
• Nationalists winning at first but China’s economy worsens
• Chinese people upset w/ Nationalists
• Nationalists troops begin defecting to Red Army
• By 1949, Mao controls most of China• Chiang & what is left of his army flee to Taiwan
People’s Republic of China vs. Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China vs. Republic of China• US upset over loss of China, but helps Chiang set up a gov on Taiwan
• Mao signs a friendship treaty with Soviet Union
• Chiang says Taiwan is legit gov of China “Republic of China”
• Mao insists legit govt is in China “People’s Republic of China”
• UN doesn’t recognize Mao’s “People’s Republic of China” as legitimate
Mao Expands ChinaMao Expands China•1950: Red Army invades Tibet. Mao promises self rule, but forcesTibet into communism.
•Tibetans protest, Mao’s Red Army crushes protest. Dalai Lama flees.
•1950: China invades Inner Mongolia and annexes it
Life in Mao’s ChinaLife in Mao’s ChinaDomestic Policy (1951)Domestic Policy (1951)• Mao gives private land to the peasants• Mao has one million landowners killed
who resist• Mao nationalizes all businessesGreat Leap Forward (1958-1961)Great Leap Forward (1958-1961)• Large collective farms are formed• Poor planning results in a famine that
kills 20 million people
Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)• Wants to create more social equality• Forms the Red Guards who were HS & college students loyal to Mao
• Red Guards terrorize & re-educate those with an advantage(esp. intellectuals)
Let 1000
flowers bloom
Nuclear Age (1964)Nuclear Age (1964)• Mao’s govt successfully tests a nuclear weapon – upset Soviets won’t share tech