chinese empire ap world history notes chapter 4 ap world history notes chapter 4
TRANSCRIPT
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Chinese Empire
AP World History NotesChapter 4
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From 1100 BCE until the 200s CE --> 3 great dynasties ruled China
= Zhou (JOH)= Qin (CHIN)
= Han (HAHN)
From 1100 BCE until the 200s CE --> 3 great dynasties ruled China
= Zhou (JOH)= Qin (CHIN)
= Han (HAHN)
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The Enduring ZhouRuled China for more
than 800 years -- more than any other dynasty
Zhou dynasty conquered the Shang dynastyClaimed rule under
Mandate of HeavenSaid Shang lost mandate
by ruling poorly
Ruled China for more than 800 years -- more than any other dynasty
Zhou dynasty conquered the Shang dynastyClaimed rule under
Mandate of HeavenSaid Shang lost mandate
by ruling poorly
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The Enduring ZhouTo control their land, the kings set up an
agricultural system in which nobles owned the land & peasants worked itKings gave their relatives city-statesEach of these lords had total authority over their city
& had their own armiesEventually, the lords had more power than the kingCity-states warred with each other -- locked in a
struggle that ended the Zhou era
To control their land, the kings set up an agricultural system in which nobles owned the land & peasants worked itKings gave their relatives city-statesEach of these lords had total authority over their city
& had their own armiesEventually, the lords had more power than the kingCity-states warred with each other -- locked in a
struggle that ended the Zhou era
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The Enduring ZhouTechnological advances of
the Zhou Dynasty:Built roads & expanded
foreign tradeFormed cavalries = groups
of warriors on horsebackNew weapon: the crossbow Iron plows Irrigation & flood-control
systems
Technological advances of the Zhou Dynasty:Built roads & expanded
foreign tradeFormed cavalries = groups
of warriors on horsebackNew weapon: the crossbow Iron plows Irrigation & flood-control
systems
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The Enduring Zhou
China’s population grew quickly during the Zhou Dynasty
China’s population grew quickly during the Zhou Dynasty
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The Mighty Qin
Conquered the Zhou
“First Emperor” = Qin Shihuangdi
Conquered the Zhou
“First Emperor” = Qin Shihuangdi
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The First Emperor
United much of the nation under 1 strong government
Organized the empire into military districts -- 1 official per district
Created a universal system of weights & measures
Standardized coins, created a uniform writing system & set up a law code throughout China
Used forced labor to dig canals & build roads
United much of the nation under 1 strong government
Organized the empire into military districts -- 1 official per district
Created a universal system of weights & measures
Standardized coins, created a uniform writing system & set up a law code throughout China
Used forced labor to dig canals & build roads
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Terra Cotta Army
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Terra Cotta Army
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The Great Wall of China
Built in northern China to prevent attacks from the north
Connected a series of walls that already existed
Took several years & over 300,000 Chinese peasants --> thousands died
Stretches over 4,000 miles
Built in northern China to prevent attacks from the north
Connected a series of walls that already existed
Took several years & over 300,000 Chinese peasants --> thousands died
Stretches over 4,000 miles
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The Great Wall of China
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The Great Wall of China
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Qin’s Strict Rule
Imposed a tax on landowners
Appointed only educated men as officials to run his government
Censored & burned booksPeople couldn’t write about
the past
Imposed a tax on landowners
Appointed only educated men as officials to run his government
Censored & burned booksPeople couldn’t write about
the past
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Legalism
Legalists = scholars that opposed Confucian ideas
Legalism = philosophy that rejected Confucian idea of learning by example and emphasized strict laws and harsh punishments
Legalists = scholars that opposed Confucian ideas
Legalism = philosophy that rejected Confucian idea of learning by example and emphasized strict laws and harsh punishments
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Qin’s Strict Rule
Subjects saw Qin as a cruel tyrantNobles = mad he destroyed aristocracyPeasants = mad about the forced laborScholars = mad about book burning
Subjects saw Qin as a cruel tyrantNobles = mad he destroyed aristocracyPeasants = mad about the forced laborScholars = mad about book burning
210 BCE = Qin died & dynasty soon came to an endLasting Legacy = new ways of organizing & unifying the nation
210 BCE = Qin died & dynasty soon came to an endLasting Legacy = new ways of organizing & unifying the nation
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The Glorious HanRuled China for more than
400 years until 220 ADUsed same forms of
centralized power as the Qin, but not as harsh
Rivaled Roman Empire in its power & achievement
Ruled China for more than 400 years until 220 AD
Used same forms of centralized power as the Qin, but not as harsh
Rivaled Roman Empire in its power & achievement
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The Glorious Han
Reached its peak during the reign of King WudiExtended the empireSent armies against nomadic
invaders Interested in the West --
especially the Roman Empire
Reached its peak during the reign of King WudiExtended the empireSent armies against nomadic
invaders Interested in the West --
especially the Roman Empire
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The Glorious Han
Trade routes to the West developedMajor trade route = Silk RoadLinked East & WestAllowed traders to exchange Chinese silk for
Middle Eastern & European products
Trade routes to the West developedMajor trade route = Silk RoadLinked East & WestAllowed traders to exchange Chinese silk for
Middle Eastern & European products
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The Silk Road
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Pax Sinica
Chinese Peace = 400 year period of prosperity & stability
China fed its population by storing grain during times of plenty & selling it when harvests were poor
Chinese Peace = 400 year period of prosperity & stability
China fed its population by storing grain during times of plenty & selling it when harvests were poor
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Advancements in Farming & Transport
Veterinary medicineComplex irrigation systemsAdvancements in fertilizing cropsNew canalsBetter roadways
Veterinary medicineComplex irrigation systemsAdvancements in fertilizing cropsNew canalsBetter roadways
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InventionsSilkPaperGunpowderWheelbarrowPrinted booksSuspension bridgeCompass Iron drill bits
SilkPaperGunpowderWheelbarrowPrinted booksSuspension bridgeCompass Iron drill bits
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Pax SinicaTalented, intelligent people were appointed to
government jobs -- NOT familyThey were given tests to see if they were qualifiedEvolved into civil service system = a system that
allowed anyone with ability to attain public office --> unfortunately, this usually favored the wealthy because education was expensive
Created a new class of well-educated civil servants = called mandarinsControlled government until early 1900s
Talented, intelligent people were appointed to government jobs -- NOT familyThey were given tests to see if they were qualifiedEvolved into civil service system = a system that
allowed anyone with ability to attain public office --> unfortunately, this usually favored the wealthy because education was expensive
Created a new class of well-educated civil servants = called mandarinsControlled government until early 1900s
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Pax Sinica
Han power declined & dynasty fell apart after Wudi’s reign ended
Han power declined & dynasty fell apart after Wudi’s reign ended