Slide 1

Chinese Pinyin (1958) Download a copy of Standard Pinyin at http://karikas.com/chinese/ It is required you master pinyin for this class. Pinyin Song at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9Ayvj y-Dgs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9Ayvj y-Dgs Slide 2 Significance of Pinyin Adopted by the Library of Congress for its new catalogs Released Chinese from the old burden of recognizing character such as & Like the ASCII code -- American Standard Code for Information Interchange-- or Unicode, Pinyin makes it possible to use computer technology for communication, printing, and handling data both at home and abroad Slide 3 Chinese Phonetics Chinese Alphabet V for in typing Initials (Consonants) Finals (Vowels) --Simple Finals --Compound Finals --Nasal Finals Tone Marks (Four Tones on the main vowel) Dividing Marks as in Xn or Hiu Slide 4 Tones Determine the Meaning A Classical Joke First tone: mmother ( ) Second tone:mhemp ( ) Third tone:mhorse ( ) Fourth tone: mto curse ( ) Slide 5 Chinese Names Last name first; first name last Surnamexng Neesh Given namemng Courtesy name (Styled) z Artistic name or pseudonym, ho Posthumous title shho Temple namemioho Slide 6 Sima Qian/Sun Yat-sen (or Sun Zhongshan) (ca. 145 BC 86 BC)/1866 1925 Father of Chinese Historiogrpahy/Father of Modern China (1911 Revolution) Slide 7 Tricky Names A little Cultural Knowledge Could Go a Long Way ji jngl Manager or Director Jia / ji fake; sham zngjngl general manager f a surname f deputy; assistant; vice- fzngjngl Slide 8 Two Writing Styles Welcome Simplified Traditional i/table> Slide 9 Can you handle this? Bing Bing Min Slide 10 Chinese Radicals (Latin Radix for Root) Tree/Wood grove forest Slide 11 Name change for a capital The example of Xian The city was named "Fenghao" ( ) in the Zhou Dynasty beginning around 1046 BCE. It was renamed Chang'an ( ) by Liu Bang, the founding emperor during the Han Dynasty in 206 BCE. It was then renamed as Daxing ( ) during the Sui Dynasty in 581 CE, then renamed Chang'an during the Tang Dynasty beginning in 618 CE. It was given other names in later periods, such as Fengyuan ( ), then Anxi ( ), then Jingzhao ( ) during the Yuan Dynasty. Finally, it was named Xi'an in the year 1369 CE during the Ming Dynasty. It retained the name of Xi'an until 1928, until it was named Xijing ( ) in 1930. It was once again changed back to its Ming-era name of Xi'an in the year 1943. Xi'an's abbreviations in Chinese are Hao ( ) or Tang ( ). The former abbreviation is derived from the ancient name Fenghao of the Zhou Dynasty. The latter one is derived from the name of Tang Dynasty. Slide 12 ROC vs. PRC National Party vs. Communist Party Jiang Jieshi (Jiang Kai-shek) vs. Mao Zedong The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan nowadays, developed out of the Wuchang Uprising against the Qing Dynasty on 10 October (Double Ten Day) in 1911 under the leadership of Sun Yat- sen (Sun Zhongshan, father of modern China). The People's Republic of China (PRC, since 1949), commonly known as China, is the most populous state in the world with over 1.3 billion people. Located in East Asia, it is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China (CPC or CCP for Chinese Communist Party). Slide 13 Zhnggudt map of china Slide 14 China and Its Neighbors Slide 15 Administrative Divisions xngzhng qhu Slide 16 Political Administrative Divisions xngzhng qhu Direct-controlled municipality is the highest level classification for cities used by People's Republic of China (PRC, 1949, refers to the mainland China), zhxish (n) directly governed city region (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing). Slide 17 Provinces (22 + Taiwan pending) Alphabetically Listed 1. Anhui; 2. Fujian; 3. Gansu; 4. Guangdong; 5. Guizhou; 6. Hainan; 7. Hebei; 8. Henan; 9. Heilongjiang; 10. Hubei; 11. Hunan; 12. Jilin; 13. Jiangsu; 14. Jiangxi; 15, Liaoning; 16. Qinghai; 17. Shandong; 18. Shanxi; 19. Shaanxi; 20. Sichuan; 21. Yunnan; 22. Zhejiang; Taiwandisputed status since 1949; Slide 18 Minority Autonomous Regions (5) & Their Capitals ninnggzzhq the Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region (1947), Huhhot; xnjingwiw'rzzhq The Xinjiang Uygur (Uighur) autonomous region (1955), Wrumqi; gungxzhungzzzhq The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region (1957), Nanning; Nngxihuz zzhq Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (1957), Yinchuan; xzngzzhq the Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region (1965), Lhasa; Slide 19 tbixngzhngq Special Administrative Region (2) One Country; Two Systems Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century and subsequently administered the region until the handover on 20 December 1999. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Macau stipulate that Macau operates with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (18391842). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages so as to include the Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories by 1898. It was occupied by the Japanese during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China regained sovereignty. The Basic Law stipulates that Hong Kong shall enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign relations and military defense. Slide 20 Chinese Ethnic Groups 56 Han Ethnic Group 95.3% 55 Minority Ethnic Groups http://uwch- 4.humanities.washington.edu/~WG/~188 /Cultural%20Notes/ http://uwch- 4.humanities.washington.edu/~WG/~188 /Cultural%20Notes/ There is a song: 56 ethnic groups, 56 flowers Slide 21 China Proper Geographical Features There are four areas within China Proper: In the north is the North China Plain (flat and vulnerable, easily taken over by invaders); In the south is a region of low hills and wet valleys; In the southeast is the Sichuan Basin , ringed by mountains and accessible mainly via the gorges of the Yangzi River/Yangtze River, an ideal place for taking refuge. Chongqing is a city of fog. In the northwest is a dry plateau; Note geography plays a dynamic role in Chinese history. Slide 22 The Kunlun Mountains & The Bayan Har Mountains The Kunlun Mountains is one of the longest mountain chains in Asia, extending more than 3,000 km. From the Pamirs of Tajikistan, it runs east along the border between Xinjiang and Tibet autonomous regions to the Sino-Tibetan ranges in Qinghai province. It stretches along the southern edge of what is now called the Tarim Basin, the infamous Takla Makan or "sand-buried houses" desert, and the Gobi desert. The Bayan Har mountains (Mongolian: Bayan Har Uul; ; Bynkl shnmi) are a mountain range in Qinghai province, People's Republic of China and a branch of the Kunlun Mountains. It separates the drainage areas of the Yellow and the Yangtze rivers, the source of the Yellow River is in the basin of Yueguzonglie , which is located in the northern part of the range. It is sort of like a Chinese Continental Divide. Slide 23 The Yangzi River/Yangtze River Chngjing No. 1 River 6,418 kilometres (3,988 mi) Slide 24 The Yangzi/Yangtze River about 6,380 km long The advantages in boasting a long river The Yangzi River, meaning a long river, originated in Bayan Har Mountains, flows through Sichuan and across central China (passing 11 provinces: Qinghai, Xizang/Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shanghai), to reach the Pacific near modern-day Shanghai; Note the Yangzi River marks the natural divide between the south and north; Slide 25 Jiangnan Region Two Crops a Year (Rice Cultivation) [jingnn] south bank of the Rivera region in the lower Changjiang (Yangtze) valley, including southern Jiangsu and Anhui and northern Zhejiang (much celebrated in poetry for its beauties and joys) ymzhxing a land of fish and rice; a land of plenty. A natural barrier/protection Only certain month it is easier to cross the river; Slide 26 The (Unpredictable) Course of the Yellow River (No. 2 River) 5,464 kilometers (3,395 mi) Slide 27 The Yellow River passes the Loess Plateau hungt goyun The Lo'ess Plateau is shaded. Slide 28 Taming the Yellow River Serving as a metaphor Gun, in ancient times, used the method of blocking the flood; Yu the Great, Guns son, used the method of diverting the flood; Yu passed his own house three times but did not enter for a visit since he was so busy with taming the Yellow River Slide 29 The Yellow River hungh 5,464 kilometers (3,395 mi) The Yellow River rises in Qinghai and forms a long loop called the Ordos before flowing across the North China Plain (passing 9 provinces: Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Neimeng/Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and Shandong) to the sea by Shandong peninsula; . Chinese people have a dynamic relationship with the Yellow River. (See the DVD to understand the status of the Yellow River. Later we will revisit it and reflect at a philosophical level on how to tame the Yellow River) Ordos, located in the southwestern side of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, separated from Huhehaote, Shanxi Province, Baotou, Bayannao'er League, Ningxia and Alashan League by a river on the east, north and west respectively, and next to Yulin City of Shaanxi Province on the south Slide 30 Foolish Old Man Moving the Mountains vs. Yu the Great Taming the Yellow River ygngyshn the Foolish Old Man removed the mountains. to be resolute in one's endeavor, no matter what hardships one encounters Taming the Yellow River: the Way The natural way; shbngngbi get twice the result with half the effort. Slide 31 Mount Tai, a Holy Mountain tishn Slide 32 Mt. Tai, a leader among five mountains Mount Tai was originally known as Daizong or Daishan. Since Qin times (221207 BC) it has also been known as Dongyue (Eastern Mountain), one of the five holy mountains of China, and has usually ranked as the first among them; the other four are: Mount Heng in Hunan province (south), Mount Hua in Shaanxi province (west), Mount Heng in Shanxi province (north), and Mount Song in Henan province (central). Slide 33 Fengshan fngshn at Mt. Tai Historically important in the cult of official state rituals, Mount Tai was the site of two of the most spectacular of all the ceremonies of the traditional Chinese empire. One of them, called feng , was held on top of Mount Tai and consisted of offerings to heaven; the other, called shan , was held on a lower hill and made offerings to earth. These ceremonies are often referred to together as fengshan (worship of heaven and earth) and were believed to ensure a dynasty's fortunes or for cultural Legitimation. Emperors and Empires have to meet certain standards for Fengshan. They were carried out at rare intervalsduring the Xi (Western) Han dynasty (206 BCAD 25) in 110, 106, 102, and 98 BC; during the Dong (Eastern) Han dynasty (AD 25220) in AD 56; and by emperors of the Tang dynasty (618907) in 666 and again in 725. See Shiji 28: The Treatise on the Feng and Shan Sacrifices. Slide 34 Sunrise at Mt. Tai Slide 35 Tintn in Beijing the Temple of Heaven The complex was visited by the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for annual ceremonies of prayer to Heaven for good harvest. It is regarded as a Taoist temple, although Chinese Heaven worship, especially by the reigning monarch of the day, pre-dates Taoism. Slide 36 Beijing National Stadium Bird Nest ni ocho Beijing National Stadium ; (Bijng Guji Tychng), also known as the National Stadium ( ) or colloquially as the Bird's Nest ( ), is a stadium in Beijing, China. The stadium was designed for use throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games. Slide 37 Directions and their Associations Slide 38 bdochngchngfih ohn He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. Since the 5th century BC, several walls have been built that were referred to as the Great Wall. One of the most famous is the wall built between 220206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains; the majority of the existing wall were built during the Ming Dynasty (13681644). The Great Wall stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Nur (Lake Lop ) in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. Slide 39 On topography/terrain, use narrow passes to make a strategic point Slide 40 Temperature Conversion F stands for hush Fahrenheit C stands for shsh celsius. China uses Celsius for weather report. Today in Beijing it is 17 the highest. Use this formula or (F = C1.8 + 32) to convert the temperature to Fahrenheit.