中国音乐cHiNese music

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Chinese music refers to the music of the Chinese people, which may be the music of the Han Chinese as well as other ethnic minorities within mainland China. It also includes that music produced by people of Chinese origin outside of mainland China using traditional Chinese instruments or in the Chinese language.

CHINESE MUSIC

According to legends, the founder of music in Chinese mythology was Ling Lun at the time of the Yellow Emperor, who made bamboo pipes tuned to the sounds of birds including the phoenix. A twelve-tone musical system was created based on the pitches of the bamboo pipes, and the first of these pipes produced the "yellow bell" (黃鐘 ) pitch, and set of tune bells were then created from the pipes.

HISTORY

During the Zhou Dynasty, a formal system of court and ceremonial music later termed yayue was established. Music in the Zhou Dynasty was conceived as a cosmological manifestation of the sound of nature that is integrated into the binary universal order of yin and yang, and this concept has enduring influence later Chinese thinking on music.A "correct" music according to Zhou concept would involves instruments correlating to the five elements of nature and would bring harmony to nature. Around or before the 7th century BC, a system of pitch generation appeared based on a ratio 2:3 symbolizing Heaven and Earth, and pentatonic scale was derived from a cycle-of-fifths theory.

EARLY HISTORY

To Confucius, a correct form of music is important for the cultivation and refinement of the individual, and the Confucian system considers the formal music yayue to be morally uplifting and the symbol of a good ruler and stable government. Mozi however condemned music and argued in Against Music (非樂 ) that music is an extravagance and indulgence that serves no useful purpose and may be harmful. According to Mencius, a powerful ruler once asked him whether it was moral if he preferred popular music to the classics. The answer was that it only mattered that the ruler loved his subjects

Early history

Woodwind and percussion dizi, sheng, paigu, gong, paixiao, guan, bells

, cymbals, bottle gourd silk Bowed strings erhu, zhonghu, dahu, banhu, jinghu, gaohu, 

gehu, yehu, cizhonghu, diyingehu, leiqin Plucked and struck strings guqin, sanxian, yueqin, yangqin, guzheng, 

ruan, konghou, liuqin, pipa, \zhu

instruments

People of the Han ethnic group make up about 92% of the population of China. Han people's music consists of heterophonic music, in which the musicians play versions of a single melodic line. 

Music of the Han culture

Chinese opera has been hugely popular for centuries, especially the Beijing opera. The music is often guttural with high-pitched vocals, usually accompanied by suona, jinghu, other kinds of string instruments, and percussion. Other types of opera include clapper opera, Pingju,Cantonese opera, puppet opera, Kunqu, Sichuan opera, Qinqiang, ritual masked opera and Huangmei xi

Chinese opera

According to current archaeological discoveries, Chinese folk music dates back 7000 years. Not only in form but also in artistic conception, China has been the home of a colorful culture of folk music. Largely based on the pentatonic scale, Chinese folk music is different from western traditional music, paying more attention to the form expression as well.

Folk music

Tibet Music forms an integral part of Tibetan Buddhism. While 

chanting remains perhaps the best known form of Tibetan Buddhist music, complex and lively forms are also widespread. Monks use music to recite various sacred texts and to celebrate a variety of festivals during the year. The most specialized form of chanting is called yang, which is without metrical timing and is dominated by resonant drums and sustained, low syllables. Other forms of chanting are unique to Tantra as well as the four main monastic schools: Gelugpa,Kagyupa, Nyingmapa and Sakyapa. Of these schools, Gelugpa is considered a more restrained, classical form, while Nyingmapa is widely described as romantic and dramatic. Gelugpa is perhaps the most popular.

Regional music

Yunnan Yunnan is an ethnically diverse area in

southwest China. Perhaps best known from the province is the lusheng, a type of mouth organ, used by the Miao people of Guizhou for pentatonic antiphonal courting songs.

The Hani of Honghe Prefecture are known for a unique kind of choral, micro-tonal rice-transplanting songs.

Regional music

SichuanSichuan is a province in southwest China. Its

capital city, Chengdu, is home to the only musical higher education institution in the region, the Sichuan Conservatory of Music. The province has a long history of Sichuan opera.

Regional music

Northeast China Northeast China is a region inhabited by

ethnic groups like the Manchu. The most prominent folk instrument is the octagonal drum, while the youyouzha lullaby is also well-known.

Regional music

Xinjiang Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is

dominated by Uyghurs, a Turkic people related to others from Central Asia. The Uyghurs' best-known musical form is the On IkkiMuqam, a complex suite of twelve sections related to Uzbek and Tajik forms. These complex symphonies vary wildly between suites in the same muqam, and are built on a seven-note scale.

Regional music

Hua'er Hua'er is a form of traditional a cappella

singing that is popular in the mountainous northwestern Chinese provinces such as Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai

Regional music

Kuaiban Kuaiban (快板 ) is a type of rhythmic talking

and singing which is often performed with percussive instruments such as a clapper called paiban.

Regional music

There was a tradition of massed instruments in the ritual court music form known as yayue since the Zhou Dynasty. This music may be played by a handful of musicians, or there may be more than 200 for example during the Song Dynasty.[2]

 During the Tang Dynasty there were also large-scale presentations of banquet music called yanyue (燕樂 ) in the court.

Chinese orchestra

Many traditional instruments underwent changes in the early to mid 20th century which has a profound effect on the performance and sound of Chinese music. A western equal temperament is now used to tune most traditional instruments, which to modern ears seem less harsh and more harmonious but which also robs the instruments of their traditional voices

Instruments and tuning

In common with the music traditions of other Asian cultures, such as Persia and India, one strand of traditional Chinese music consists of a repertoire of traditional melodies, together known as Qupai, in which tempo and ornamentation vary according to the mood of the instrumentalist, the audience, and their reaction to what is being played, the same melody can be used to serve many different roles be it merry, melancholic or martial (this can be glimpsed in the love theme of the Butterfly Lovers' Violin Concerto where the same melody at different points in the lover's story reflects elation, turbulence and dejection).

Performance

Chinese popularmusic found its beginnings in the shidaiqu genre. The shidaiqu genre was founded by Li Jinhui in mainland China and was influenced by Western jazz artists like Buck Clayton. After the establishment of the Communist Party in China the BaakDoi record company headquartered in Shanghai in 1952 left China.

Pop music

Mandarin rap music gradually became popular in mainland China, especially in Shanghai and Beijing where pop culture is very diverse and modern. Although Chinese perform rap in different dialects and languages, most Chinese hip hop artists perform in China's most popular language: Mandarin. Mandarin rap music has also been popular in Taiwan.

Hip Hop and Rap

The widely acknowledged forefather of Chinese rock is Cui Jian.In the late 1980s he played the first Chinese rock song called: "Nothing To My Name" ("Yi wusuo you"). It was the first time an electric guitar was used in China.

Rock and heavy metal

Punk rock because famous in China around 1994–1996 with the first Chinese artist of the post punk genre being He Yong and his debut record Garbage Dump.

Punk rock

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