Chitosan Nanoparticle synthesis

J. Uthaya chandirikaResearch scholar

U/G Dr. G. AnnaduraiSri Paramakalyani Centre for

Environmental Sciences,Manonmaniam Sundranar

university,Alwarkurichi-Tirunelveli

Introduction-Chitin

Chitin

• Chitin is a natural muco polysaccharide and is a major

component of arthropod crustacean cells e.g., lobsters,

Shrimps and Crabs are common sources of chitin,

• structural component in the exoskeleton of arthropods are in

the cell wall of some fungi and yeast.

Chitin…

Chitin is an unbranched β (1→4) linked polymer of

2-acetamide-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose.

Chitin…

• Chitin occurs in two forms,

• α-chitin - found in Fungal and yeast cells, shrimps

• β-chitin - found in squid pens.

Chitin to ChitosanCrustacean shells

Size reduction

Protein separation (Na OH)

Washing demineralization (HCL)Decolouration

De acetylation (Na OH)

Washing dewatering

Chitosan

Chitosan

• Chitosan is positively charged, making it able to

adhere to negative charged surface.

• Chitosan is soluble in diverse acids to interact with

polycations to form complexes and Gels.

• It is safe nontoxic and is biodegradable.

Structure of chitin and Chitosan

Preparation of Chitosan NanoparticleGlycial acetic acid 4ml + 296 ml of Distilled H2O

Added littlie by littlie in Chitosan 3 gm

Added Sodium Tripolyphosphate 2 gm in 200 ml distilled water

Freeze 40 c for 24 hrs

Precipitate setteled at bottom-collected

Hot air oven 50 c 24 hrs dry (CNP)

Applications of Chitosan

• The importance of Chitosan applications in photography is

because of its resistance in abrasion,

• its optical characteristics and film forming and silver

complexes are not appreciably retained by Chitosan and

therefore can be easily penetrated from one layer to another of

film by diffusion.

Photography

Cosmetics

• Chitosan has good application in cosmetics, because it is an

organic acid and is a good solvent and having fungicidal and

fungistatic properties

• It is the only cationic gum that becomes viscous when

neutralized with acid.

• It is commercially used in creams, lotions, and permanent

waving lotion.

Chitosan as artificial skin

• Patients suffering from extensive loss of skin, commonly in

fires have found the use of chitosan for treatment on healing

and fibroplasias of wounds caused by scalpel insertions in skin

and subcutaneous tissue.

• Artificial skin applicable to long term chronic use,

nonantigenic membrane.

Chitosan based dressings

• Chitosan has many biomedical properties mainly on

dressings

• Surgical dressing made of chitosan-gelatin complex.

Food and nutrition

• Many animals and humans have lactose intolerance

effect, in animals such as cow

• the whey production showed considerable increase by

small supplement of chitosan as feed, which

improved change in intestinal microflora as well as in

chickens, 2-0.5%

• chitosan supplement improved weight gain

Opthamology

• Chitosan possesses all characters of contact lens such as

optical clarity, mechanical stability, sufficient optical

correction, gas permeability, wettability and immunological

compatibility.

• Contact lens made from chitosan show modulus, tensile

strength, tear strength, elongation, oxygen permeability, thus

suitable for development of ocular bandage lenses

Water engineering

Metal capture from waste water:

• Chitosan N-benzylsulfonate derivatives were used as sorbents

for the metal ions in acidic medium and chitosan has a natural

selectivity for heavy metal ions, removal of Cu2+, Hg2+,

Ni2+, and Zn2+,has been enhanced by adsorption parameters

of chitosan, in which metal ions preferably absorbed on the

outer surface of chitosan.

Colour removal from textile dye

• Chitosan has a unique molecular structure and has extremely

has high affinity has many classes of dyes including

disperse, direct, reactive, acid, vat, sulfur, and napthal dyes.

• The effect of temperature, pH significantly causes adsorption

of dyes and adsorption rate is enhanced by loading

thermodynamics, which indicates whether the reaction is

favoured.

Paper finishing

• Chitosan impart wet strength to paper, hydroxymethyl

chitosan and other water soluble derivatives are useful

additives in paper making and provide better finish paper

properties

Solid state batteries

• Chitosan is a biopolymer which can provide ionic conductivity

when dissolved in acetic acid the conductivity is due to the

presence of protons from acetic acid, transport of this proton

occurs through many microvoids in polymer since the

dielectric constants from piezoelectric studies are small the

choice of electrode material will provide better battery system.

fluorescent

• Rhodamine dye gets attached to the chitosan nanoparticles by

the interaction between the amino groups of chitosan

nanoparticles forming fluorescent chitosan nanoparticles.

• The prepared fluorescent chitosan nanoprobe could be used for

cell imaging applications in near future.

Drug delivery system

• Controlled release technology useful for predictable and

reproducible release of an agent in a particular environment

over an extended period of time which creates optimal

response, minimum side effects, prolonged efficacy, release

dosage forms and reliability of drug therapy Biodegradable

polymers such as chitosan have been found useful because of

slow and controllable diffusion through polymeric

• materials.

Chitin and chitosan tablets

• Chitin and chitosan used in pharmaceutical industries as

diluents because of its versatility.

Modification of chitosan

• Chitosan can be modified by physical and chemical methods

to improve the mechanical and chemical properties.

Conclusion