choc n54 new -...
TRANSCRIPT
komentarikomentari
fanatizmi fanatizmi VSVS antifanatizmi antifanatizmi Teo xatiaSvili
saavtorosaavtoro
vadimi vadimi levan berZeniSvili
umberto ekoumberto eko
gustavo martin garsogustavo martin garso
mariam wiklaurimariam wiklauri
vaxo mosiaSvilivaxo mosiaSvili
literaturaliteratura
iisaqarTvelosaqarTvelo
dekadansi dekadansi paata qurdaZe
fotoproeqtifotoproeqti
uxmo paralelebiuxmo paralelebilevan kakabaZe
fasi 5 larinoemberi 2009 #54
istoriebiistoriebi
koka amirejibikoka amirejibi nino lomaZe
qvrivi da oligarqebiqvrivi da oligarqebi
suzana endriusi
alternatiuli Tbilisialternatiuli Tbilisi
sandro naveriani
garekanze: koka amirejibi
foto: daviT mesxi
mTavari redaqtori:
nino lomaZe
aRmasrulebeli redaqtorebi:
nino jafiaSvili, salome
kikaleiSvili
art-redaqtori: giorgi nadiraZe
redaqtor-stilisti: nino svaniZe
koreqtori: nino saiTiZe
nomerze muSaobdnen: salome
kikaleiSvili, daviT buxrikiZe, ana
korZaia-samadaSvili, daviT CixlaZe,
levan berZeniSvili, sandro naveriani,
nino lomaZe, gigo mesxiSvili, daTo
turaSvili, Tamar babuaZe, lela
gafrindaSvili, maia cecaZe, malxaz
xarbedia, Teo xatiaSvili, giorgi
maisuraZe, sofo Caduneli, nino
robaqiZe
foto: daviT mesxi, levan kakabaZe,
qeTo caava
ilustracia: mariam zaldastaniSvili,
maia sumbaZe
dizaini: Tornike lorTqifaniZe
sazogadoebasTan urTierToba:
lela SubiTiZe
sareklamo gayidvebi: Salva CubiniZe
distribucia: zviad Sengelia
gamomcemeli: Sorena SaverdaSvili
gamomcemloba: Sps `em fabliSingi~, Tbilisi 0105,
faliaSvilis q. 108, tel.: 912326
el-fosta: [email protected]
sxva gamocemebi: liberali, biznesi-
adamianebi, meTodebi, strategiebi,
dialogi, Tibisi da Tibiselebi.
stamba: Sps `sezani~, Tbilisi,
wereTlis gamz. 140, tel.: 357002
Jurnali gamodis 2004 wlis 25 dekembridan
© “M Publishing” saavtoro uflebebi
daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli
masalebis nawilobrivi an mTliani
gamoyeneba gamomcemlobis nebarTvis
gareSe akrZalulia.
N54, noemberi 2009
`cxeli Sokoladis~ oqtombris nomerSi daibeWda giorgi xasaias komentari
`iavnanam ra qnas?~. teqstSi SecdomiT iyo moxseniebuli Jurnalistis saxeli,
risTvisac bodiSs vuxdiT irina xizaniSvils.
Sesworeba
4 cxeli Sokoladi
6 redaqtoris werili
8 Cveni avtorebi
mimoxilva 10 artisteriumi _ isteriis damalvisa da kulturuli
egzaltaciis zRvarze daviT CixlaZe
16 beTlemis uxmod artistuli manifesti daviT buxrikiZe
20 naxtomi sicarieleSi daviT buxrikiZe
taimauti 24 kafe Belle de Jour ori wlisaa! maia cecaZe
26 nabij-nabij `mediteraneaSi~ gigo mesxiSvili
aqcenti 30 maCvzRarba sofo Caduneli
komentari 32 fanatizmi VS antifanatizmi
Tu fanatikuri antifanatizmi Teo xatiaSvili
reportaJi 34 `benduqizmis~ sazafxulo skola nino robaqiZe
imogzaure
saqarTveloSi
36 zarebis xma fSavis xevSi
malxaz xarbedia
werilebi 38 `industriuli~ qalaqi miSkolci
salome kikaleiSvili
42 Suqura daTo turaSvili
istoriebi 46 koka amirejibi
qalaqi _ TviTon sazogadoeba nino lomaZe
52 alternatiuli Tbilisi sandro naveriani
56 qvrivi da oligarqebi suzana endriusi
inglisuridan Targmna Tamar babuaZem
fotoproeqti 60 uxmo paralelebi beso uznaZe
isaqarTvelo 70 dekadansi paata qurdaZe
esei 76 sada xar, Cemo varinka?! lela gafrindaSvili
saavtoro 81 panTeonidan panTeonamde da ukan giorgi maisuraZe
86 vadimi levan berZeniSvili
gaTamaSeba ji pi si-s da wiTeli a-s afTiaqebSi!daagrove rac SeiZleba meti vaSli
5 oqtombridan 5 dekembramde da moige:
5 vaSli = 1 bileTs
saojaxo sagzuriparizis disnei lendSi
MCBook saxlis kinoTeatri
plazmuri televizori
musikaluri centri
10 dRiani dasvenebabakurianSi orisaTvis
saaxalwlo Sopingitansacmlis saukeTeso
maRaziebSi
naZvis xesaTamaSoebTan
erTad
Ipod Touch
www.gpc.ge sainformacio samsaxuriwww.reda.ge
redaqtoris werili
ramdenime dRis win, Cemi Svili baRSi rom mimyavda, vaJa-fSavelas gamzirze
gaurkveveli daniSnulebis (versad amovikiTxe risi reklama iyo) sareklamo baneri
momxvda TvalSi, aseTi warweriT _ `dainaxe siSiSvle~. fotoze, erTmaneTis piris-
pir ori SiSveli qalis torsi iyo gamosaxuli. asoebad danawevrebuli sityvebis
fragmentebi qalebs ZuZuebs, Wips da genitaliebs ufaravda. mTeli sareklamo imi-
ji ki Savi saRebavis laqebiT iyo dafaruli. konceptualur Canafiqrs namdvilad
ar hgavda. rogorc Cans, viRacam es gamiznulad gaakeTa. didxans vifiqreT rogor
SeiZleboda am `operaciis~ Catareba da bolos SevTanxmdiT, rom sareklamo baners,
savaraudod, Savi saRebavebiT savse buStebi dauSines.
am fiqrs ise Sevyevi, am adamianis logikaSic ki Sevecade garkvevas (ratomRac ase
gadavwyvite, rom Cemi `gmiri~ axalgazrda biWia) _ rogor gamibedes saxlis win am
garyvnilebis dakideba; an, Cemi patara daiko skolaSi rom midis am `paxabn~ baners
unda uyurebdes?; an, dedaCemTan erTad veRar gamivlia quCaSi; da kidev bevri
aseTi.
ucnauria, siSiSvleze gambedaoba da siTamame rom gamaxsenda, magram swored ama-
ze davfiqrdi. da erTi holandielis sityvebi gamaxsenda: `am istoriuli momentis
paradoqsi is aris, rom imis magivrad zustad ganvsazRvroT ras niSnavs iyo Taname-
drove, cvlilebebis SiSiT TiTqmis yvela im nostalgiur ideebs epotineba, rome-
lic sinamdvileSi arasdros arsebobda. jeimsoni am movlenas `awmyos nostalgias~
uwodebs. dRes is samyaro rekonstruirdeba, romelic sinamdvileSi arc arasdros
dagvikargavs. viRacebs es warsuli hgoniaT, magram es mxolod nostalgiaa mexsie-
rebis gareSe. ratomRac vaidealizebT samyaros, romelic arasdros arsebobda.
samyaro, sinamdvileSi, mxolod axla da aq arsebobs~.
albaT ifiqreT sareklamo baneri samyaros myofobasTan ra SuaSiao. magram mgoni
Savi laqebiT moTxupnuli SiSveli sxeulebi Cveni realobis zusti ilustraciaa.
realobis, romelSic yvelaze Zlieri da gulwrfeli protesti am samyaros mxo-
lod yvelaze bunebrivi formebis mimarT gviCndeba.
ar vici bunebrioba rodis gaxda am samyarosaTvis aseTi ucxo. samwuxarod, Cven-
Tvis nacnobi mxolod is warsulia, romelic `sinamdvileSi arasdros arsebobda~.
warsuli, romelic ar gvaZlevs uflebas SevigrZnoT dro da vicxovroT axla da aq.
nino lomaZe
mogvwereT, [email protected]
6 cxeli Sokoladi
Cveni avtorebi
`saqarTvelos bankSi~ Cems rigs velodebi da win mdgomma
qalma failSi saguldagulod Senaxuli kompaqturi diski
iqve Camodo, TviTon ki raRac qaRaldebs awerda xels. Tan
ekiTxeba, _ ase rom iyos? _ diax. _ ise xom ar daSavdeba?
dagviandeba? _ ara, ara. gmadlobT. me saaTs vuyureb maR-
la, kedelze, vfiqrob, _ male momiwevs? ramden xanSi?
mere isev im disks vxedav, iqve devs. netav rad unda, ra
unda eweros masSi, meqanikuri fiqria. mere aiRo sakuTa-
ri dokumentaciis Sekvra am diskianad, xelSi msubuqad
SeaTamaSa, rodesac molare operatori cdilobda, Cqara
daebeWda raRac, male gaTavisuflebuliyo klientisgan,
TiTqos amiT saerTod Tavisufldeboda samsaxuris yovel-
dRiuri stresisgan, TiTqos adgeboda da sadme kurortze
wavidoda.
xelSi SeaTamaSa kidev da me ukve vicodi, davinaxe maSinac
_ es kompaqturi diski gabrwyinda naTuris Suqze. mwvane,
yviTeli, vardisferi, TeTri gadavida erTmaneTSi _ mere
ukve sadRac, tibetSi, himalaebSi, gangas napirebze, wignebis
peizaJebSi, romlebic yovelTvis ararsebuli megona. es
Suqi iyo, am patara diskis uneblie Suqi, bankis neitralur
ofisSi rom Semoabija, savarZelze Camojda, gaanaTa isev da
mas ki albaT veravin amCnevs. mec xom SemTxveviT davinaxe,
SemTxveviT gamaxsena sadRac arsebuli simSvide da bunebri-
vi mSveniereba.
miuxedavad imisa, am diskze simReraa Cawerili Tu yidva-
gayidvis xelSekruleba, is mainc ase mousvenrad aireklavs
Suqs. iqneb kulturac asevea. mTavaria, cxovrebas azri
hqondes, sadRac iyos sinaTle, misi anarekli mainc. pio-
nerTa sasaxlis kedelze, metros mxares viRacebs wauwe-
riaT didi asoebiT: `gvSia~. mere kidev meore: Cvenc gvSia~.
Semdeg ki Tvalebs ar vujereb: `kultura gvSia, ganaTleba
gvSia~.
warmoudgenelia, _ vfiqrob, _ es xom bavSvebma daweres,
quCis bavSvebma.
quCis bavSvebi ar arseboben. Cven yvela quCis bavSvebi varT
sinamdvileSi da Suqi yvelas gvSia _ namdvili Tu warmod-
genili.
daviT CixlaZe
iseTi rTuli zafxuli mqonda, rom sayvarel svetebsac
ki veRar vwerdi, magram yvelafers mxolod finansur
problemebs namdvilad ver davabraleb.
miuxedavad imisa, rom gaWirvebisas aRmarTSi, erTi ki
ara, mgoni ramdenime qva zedized damewia, albaT mainc
damTxvevaa, rom yvelani erTdroulad damemSvidobnen
da erTaderTi, vinc ar mimatova, diego maradona iyo.
agvistos bolos ki iyo lodiviT gulze dawolili
damatebiTi sevda _ `rediohedis~ gamazuli koncerti,
romlis bileTic ukve mqonda, magram aRar mqonda Zala
da SesaZlebloba CexeTis dedaqalaqSi CasaRwevad da imis
Sansic davkarge, rom musikaluri TerapiiT dameZlia
Savi depresia.
sxvaTa Soris, metis miRwevac SeiZleboda, radgan na-
mdvili musikis dadebiTi gavlenis SemTxvevebi saqar-
TveloSic arsebobs da magaliTad nino JiJilaSvili,
swored imitom jobia bevr qarTvels Jurnalists, rom
mik jegeris koncertzea namyofi. marTalia misi upira-
tesoba, Tandayolili da gzadagza SeZenili codniTac
aris ganpirobebuli, magram igi mainc verafriT amoSlis
sakuTari biografiidan am bednier SemTxvevas.
rac Seexeba ubedur SemTxvevebs (vTqvaT kaxi kalaZis
or autogols), maTgan dazRveuli aravinaa da amis gamo,
SesaZloa sruliad janmrTel adamianebsac ki daerRveT
nervuli simSvide.
Tumca Tbilissa da saqarTveloSi, rogorc wesi (gviani
Semodgomisagan gansxvavebiT), adreuli Semodgoma ufro
mSvidia, tkbilia da wynari.
Tanac seqtembris bolos baTumis kinofestivalze aR-
movCndi da zRvamac ise damamSvida, rom did aviaciaSi
dabruneba mainc gadavwyvite.
da isev vwer.
daTo turaSvili
8 cxeli Sokoladi
TbilRvinos klasikuri koleqciidan
daagemovneT araCveulebrivi Rvino
TbilRvinos klasikuri koleqciidan
da gaixangrZliveT urTierTobiT
miRebuli siamovneba.
... da erTi Wiqa Rvino
Tanamedrove xelovnebis Tbilisis saerTaSoriso gamo-
fena `artisteriumi~ wels, 9 oqtombers ukve meored gai-
xsna axali samuSao deviziT _ `cvlilebebis manifesti da
Sinagani gamocdileba~. gamofenaze 23 qveyana iyo warmodge-
nili da 11 kuratori xelmZRvanelobda. saqarTvelosTvis
uprecedento masStabis gamofena, romelic Tanamedrove
xelovnebis ganviTarebas da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis
urTierTgaziarebas emsaxureba, nawilobriv mainc gviqmnis
dasavlur saxelovnebo esTetikasTan integrirebis STa-
beWdilebas. teqnikurad, es gamofena ufro samxatvro ide-
ebis da arakomerciuli proeqtebis Tavmoyraa da albaT es
saqarTvelosTvis xelovnebis postmodernistul epoqas-
Tan adaptirebis erTaderTi SesaZleblobac gaxlavT. aseT
gamofenaze ki yovelTvis unda velodoT iseT arakomer-
ciul mimdinareobebs, rogoricaa performans-arti, kon-
ceptualizmi da video-arti, radgan saqarTveloSi dRes
komerciuli postmodernistuli glamuris ganviTareba,
ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, utopiaa.
rogorc proeqtis direqtori iliko zautaSvili da
kuratori magda guruli amboben, wlevandeli gamofena
msoflioSi dRes mimdinare uxilav, Zireul cvlilebebs
exmaureba.
artisteriumi _ isteriis damalvisa da kulturuli egzaltaciis zRvarzeavtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: qeTo caava
10 cxeli Sokoladi
im drom, rodesac Tanamedrove xelovneba amerikul
abstraqtul eqspresionizms, minimalistur xelovnebas
da hepenings gulisxmobda, civ omTan da rkinis kedel-
Tan erTad, istoriis furclebze gadainacvla.
sabWoTa periodSi gamoTqma _ `xelovneba xelovnebis-
Tvis~ _ mxolod rusi mkvlevrebisgan vicodiT, romle-
bic, erTi mxriv, Tanamedrove burJuaziuli kulturis
avangardistul mimdinareobebs akritikebdnen, rogorc
formalisturs, dekadenturs da amdenad socialurad
uunaros, meore mxriv ki, samomxmareblo burJuaziuli
kulturis winaaRmdeg swored mas iyenebdnen ideolo-
giur mokavSired.
dRes niu-iorkeli kuratori benjamin godsili, ro-
melic `artisteriumze~ `niu muzeums~ warmoadgens
msoflio imperiis dedaqalaqidan, swored igive Rire-
bulebebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas, rodesac sakuTar
saprogramo teqstSi acxadebs, rom amerikuli saukune
dasrulda da amerikelebis mdgomareoba nabaxusevze
gaRviZebas hgavs, rodesac gaxsendeba, rogori uprinci-
po, TavSeukavebeli da zedmetad udardeli yofilxar
wina Rames. Cven vicodiT, rom dasavluri avangardistu-
li xelovneba, rasac dRes Tanamedrove xelovnebis sa-
xeliT moixsenieben, yovelTvis neomarqsistuli da an-
tikapitalisturi iyo. axalgazrda amerikel artistebs
antikapitalisturi tradiciisTvis arc amjerad uRala-
tiaT. `artisteriumze~ warmodgenili proeqti _ `dilis
varskvlavi~ amis dasturi gaxldaT. Tumca, komunistur
reJimSi nacxovrebi adamianebisTvis SeiZleba rTuli ga-
sagebi iyos, Tu rogor SeiZleba, msoflio kapitalis-
turi imperiis dedaqalaqs dResac aseTi mdidari anti-
burJuaziuli kultura hqondes. ubralod samwuxaroa,
rodesac yovelTvis ase vigvianebT da swored maSin, ro-
desac Tavi gamarjvebuli gvgonia, msoflio istoriis
saWe isev sxva mxares iwyebs moulodnelad Sebrunebas.
nacnobi paradoqsia, rodesac `artisteriumis~ ku-
ratori, magda guruli katalogis winasityvaobaSi sa-
qarTveloSi demokratiulobis maRal xarisxze lapa-
rakobs, niu-iorkis cnobili `niu muzeumis~ kuratori,
benjamin godsili ki wers, rom msoflioSi demokratiis
gavrcelebis amerikuli utopiuri idea srul marcxad
SeiZleba miviCnioT.
SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom msjelobas amerikelebis sa-
gamofeno oTaxidan viwyeb. es marTlac erT-erTi yve-
laze gamorCeuli da saintereso eqspozicia iyo qarvas-
laSi; pirvel rigSi imiT, rom aq swored isev is myari
postmodernistuli impulsi vigrZeniT, rasac marSal
maklueni ase gamoxatavda, _ `saSualeba TviTon aris
Sinaarsi~. miuxedavad amerikelebis politikuri angaJi-
rebulobisa, am namuSevrebis formalisturi esTetiu-
roba, raRac jadoqrobiT, bunebrivad gamoiyureboda.
albaT ar aris advili, konkretuli politikuri gana-
cxadi lamaz da dramatul abstraqciad aqcio. swored
es unaria, megapolisSi cxovrebas asatans rom xdis.
darbazSi centraluri adgili ekava Son raspetis ko-
merciul vinilze dabeWdil sxvadasxva zomis banerebis
dakidebul instalacias, romelSic mxatvris sabanko
sakredito davalianebebis nusxebi moCanda, qarTul
jvrebTan, saojaxo gerbebTan da Suasaukuneebis suraT-
xatebTan Sereuli. es Tanamedrove abstraqcionistuli
namuSevari Tematurad mianiSnebda, rom ojaxi da piro-
vneba ususuria im sistemis winaSe, romelic yvelafers
detalurad aRricxavs da akontrolebs.
SesaZloa, swored Son raspetis am namuSevriT aixsne-
ba, Tu rogor axerxebs amerikuli Tanamedrove xelo-
vneba, ar uRalatos xelovnebis standartebs da, amave
dros, yovelTvis burJuaziuli saRi azris farglebSi
darCes. Sinagani swrafva humanuri realizmisadmi, ro-
desac saTqmeli namdvilia da ara mxolod mimdinare
aqtualuri lozungidan an programidan gamomdinare,
swored amerikuli xelovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
da aseTi sinamdvile Canda rogorc Son raspetis, ise
danarCeni misi kolega mxatvrebis eqsponatebSi.
meTiu Cambersma darbazis meore mxares misTvis ganku-
Tvnili sagamofeno sivrce sawarmo kuTxed aqcia. man aq
mimoxilva
cxeli Sokoladi 11
mimoxilva
maisurebi da qsovilis saRebavebi moitana da damTva-
liereblebis Tvalwin maisurebze sxvadasxva niSnebs da
konturebs xatavda, Semdeg ki maT damTvalierebels
Cuqnida. tansacmlis seriuli da komerciuli warmoebis
nacvlad, aq mxatvarma SemogvTavaza uSualo, adamianu-
ri gacvlis magaliTi, rac kapitalizmis erTgvari kri-
tikac iyo da im uneblie samxatvro snobizmisac, rac
artists erTguli publikisgan aSorebs. es komunistu-
ri utopia mimzidveli aRmoCnda damTvaliereblebis-
Tvis, romlebic, SeiZleba sulac ar saWiroebdnen ufa-
so maisurs, rogorc mesame msoflios warmomadgenlebi,
magram mouTmenlad elodnen, rodis damTavrdeboda
maTTvis gankuTvnili maisuris xatva, radgan es maTTvis
avtoris SemoqmedebasTan uSualo Sexebas niSnavda.
danarCeni amerikuli eqspozicia mTlianad televi-
zoris monitorebze naCvenebi video-arti iyo. am video
koleqciidan gamoirCeoda liz mejik leizeris `floba~
_ rogor erTobian artisti da misi megobrebi cocxali
kiborCxalebiT avtomobilSi. es namuSevari Saviumoriani
groteskia ganebivrebul, momxmareblur sazogadoebaze,
romelsac yvelaferi saWiroze gacilebiT meti aqvs.
jguf `bulionis~ performansi 2009 wlis 9 oqtom-
bris saRamos Tanamedrove xelovnebis Tbilisis sa-
erTaSoriso gamofenis, `artisteriumis~ xalxmraval
gaxsnaze erT-erTi gamorCeuli movlena iyo. aq mxa-
tvrebi, rogorc sportsmenebi, monacvleobiT wevdnen
Stangas namdvili mwvrTnelis meTvalyureobis qveS.
qveda sarTulze gamarTuli es dokumentalistur-ar-
tistuli moqmedeba farTo ekranebzec aisaxeboda, risi
Tvalyuris devneba qarvaslaSi myof damTvalierebels
yvela kuTxidan SeeZlo. Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi gau-
TviTcnobierebeli damTvalierebeli SeiZleba verc ki
mimxvdariyo, Tu ra SuaSi iyo gamofenaze sportsmene-
bis gamosvla. swored aseTi strategia airCia `bulion-
ma~ _ xelovneba cxovrebisTvis miemsgavsebina, rogorc
es erT dros warmatebiT ganaxorciela pop-artma. Ta-
namedrove cxovreba, romelsac Tanamedrove xelovneba
aRar sWirdeba, an sWirdeba is ukve mxolodRa kultu-
ris saxiT, kulturis, rac, meoce saukunis mkveTrad
gamorCeuli da tragikulad ugulebelyofili filo-
sofosi qalis, simona veilis citatiT Tu vityviT, aris
universitetis profesorebis iaraRi universitetis
profesorebis sawarmoeblad.
`bulionis~ es performansi kuratorma natuka vawa-
Zem warmoadgina da aq is, rogorc wesi, TviTonve mo-
nawileobda Stangis awevaSi qal kolegasTan, mxatvar
katia qecbaiasTan erTad. rogorc jgufis kredoSi
vkiTxulobT, `Stangistebis proeqti~ mesame msoflios
qveynebis dasavluri gaerTianebebisken _ nato-sa da
evrokavSirisaken swrafvisTvis gamiznuli TvalSisa-
cemi fusfusis parodirebas axdens. erTTviani momza-
debis Sedegad jgufis artistebma profesionali Stan-
gistebiviT SeZles simZimeebis aweva. maTi gancxadebiT,
es aqcia simbolurad mianiSnebs evrokavSiris arawevri
qveynebis mcdelobas, mokle droSi daewion saerTaSo-
riso dasavlur standartebs. isini aseve exebian dasa-
vluri samyaros korporaciul eTikas, rac sportuli
TamaSis aTletur wesebs hgavs. proeqti raRacnairad
amkrTalebs sazRvrebs xelovnebas, sportsa da poli-
tikas Soris da gvTavazobs kombinirebul kulturul
bulions, sadac metad aRar arsebobs gamyofi sivrce.
jguf `bulionSi~ 7 xelovania gaerTianebuli: natuka
vawaZe, katia qecbaia, vasil maWaraZe, Temo qarTleliS-
vili, lado xaratiSvili, koka qitiaSvili da zura ki-
kvaZe.
mamuka jafariZem radio `mwvane talRasTan~ Tana-
mSromlobiT konceptualuri performansi, saxelwo-
debiT `radioqudi~ (radiohat) SemogvTavaza, romelic
`xelovneba xelovnebisaTvis~ modelis tipur nimuSad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos. moqmedeba abanoTubanSi, Wreli
12 cxeli Sokoladi
abanos mimdebare teritoriaze, Ria cis qveS midioda.
mxatvars Tan hqonda ramdenime yursasmeni, romlebsac
survilis SemTxvevaSi mayurebels ukeTebda da Tavze
rombisebur, yviTeli qaRaldis CaCs axuravda, romel-
sac mxolod Tvalebis adgilas hqonda mcire zomis na-
xvretebi gakeTebuli. yursasmenebSi Tbilisis, madri-
dis da romis xmauri ismoda. mayurebels SeeZlo evlo
gadamcemebs Soris da is xan erTi qalaqis xmas waawy-
deboda da xan meorisas, gadacemis arealidan gasvlis
SemTxvevaSi ki, mxolod SiSinis xmas gaigebda. mamuka ja-
fariZis es performansi aseve gamofenis erT saukeTso
namuSevrad unda CaiTvalos, romelic amarTlebda ro-
gorc gamofenis dasaxelebas, aseve Tanamedrove xelo-
vnebis puritanul moTxovnilebas arakomerciulobasa
da aramasobriobaze.
gamofenili eqsponatebidan semantikurad Zalze sain-
tereso aRmoCnda sofia CerqeziSvilis saSualo zomis
tiloebi saxelwodebiT ̀ sad xar exla~, 2008 wliT daTa-
riRebuli. es marTlac saukeTeso namuSevrebi iyo (`me-
Zina~, `vkargav moTminebas~) im namuSevrebs Soris, sadac
mxatvrebs teqsti aqvT gamoyenebuli. erTze vkiTxulo-
bT: `erTxel damesizmra, rom meZina. yvelaferi, rac
carielia, sizmaria~. meore namuSevari ki Sedgeba teqs-
tisgan: `me vkargav moTminebas am siTeTreSi, mapovnineT
is, rasac davkargav~. iisferis da TeTris kombinacia,
sazRvari teqstsa da fers Soris, avtoris xma da misi
momlodine dialogi mayurebelTan, adamianis figuris
konturebi, romlebic teqstiT aris savse _ yvela es
komponenti im diqotomiur diskurss warmoqmnida, rac
sofia CerqeziSvilis ferwerul tiloebs siRrmesa da
esTetikuri mouxelTeblobis gancdas sZenda.
orbelianis 31-Si mdebare `niu art kafeSi~ warmod-
genili iyo axalgazrda mxatvrebis jgufi saxelwode-
biT `maf~ _ media art farmi, romelic rusiko oatisa
da xaTuna xabulianis kuratorobiT Sedga. axalgazrda
mxatvrebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo akademiasTan arsebuli
optikuri warmosaxvis institutis studentebi arian,
romelsac vato wereTeli xelmZRvanelobs da sadac fo-
tografias da axal medias Seiswavlian. eqspozicia im-
denad uzadod da sasiamovnod iyo awyobili, iseve ro-
gorc am namuSevris yoveli calkeuli kompozicia, rom
TiTqmis ukve interieris da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis
funqcias iTavsebda. jgufSi 6 axalgazrda mxatvaria ga-
erTianebuli: giorgi maxniaSvili, natalia Rlonti, nata
yifiani, giorgi dadiani, levan kapanaZe da nini alaviZe.
`artisteriumis~ mTavar saeqspozicio darbazSi ki
somex mwerals, filosofossa da artists misak xos-
tikians saintereso instalacia da koncefcia hqonda,
rom xelovneba verasodes daeweva im realobas, rasac
niusebi yovelTvis intensiurad faravs da masobrivad
avrcelebs. es erTi mxriv simarTlea _ xelovneba xom
yoveldRiuri procesebiviT aqtualuri ar aris da misi
propagandistul-humanuri motivaciebi politikurad
usargebloa. misak xostikiani gamofenaSi monawileobis
mowvevis dRidan yidulobda gazeT `jorjian Taimsis~
nomrebs da sxvadasxva saRebaviT Slida iq dabeWdil
mimoxilva
cxeli Sokoladi 13
teqstebs, tovebda mxolod fotoebs, romlebic ukve
konteqstidan sruliad amovardnilni axal istorie-
bad SeiZleboda gaerTianebuliyvnen. misi instalacia
am gazeTebiT, romelic gaRebul fanjaraSi gareTac
gadioda, sadac ukuRma mxridan (anu mesame sarTulze
garedan viRacisTvis dasanaxad, albaT angelozisTvis,
rogorc TviTon varaudobs) qaRaldi iyo mikruli far-
Tis gaqiravebis Sesaxeb informaciiT da mosaxevi tele-
fonis nomrebiT.
besas da laloselis (koka vaSakiZe, besa qarTleliS-
vili) obieqti `siyvaruli fexsacmliT~, romelic adre
Ria cis qveS iyo eqsponirebuli, arc sagamofeno dar-
bazSi kargavda aqtualobas. piriqiT, es erT-erTi im na-
muSevarTagani iyo, romelmac `artisteriums~ SesamCnevi
gravitacia Seuqmna, isev swored namdvili saTqmelisa da
simboluri arainterpretirebadobis gamo. saerTod ki,
aq bevri namuSevari iyo fsiqologiuri, ilustraciuli
da simboluri, rasac siuzan zontagi Tanamedrove xe-
lovnebis naklad miiCnevs. aseve rolan bartic, danarCen
mkvlevrebTan erTad erTmniSvnelovnad miuTiTebs, rom
niSanTagan swored simbolo ar aris is, rac Tanamedrove
xelovnebas axasiaTebs. Tanamedrove xelovnebis maxasia-
Tebeli paradigma da sintagmaa. xolo zontagi aseT kri-
teriumad arainterpretaciulobas asaxelebs. am mxriv
sayuradReboa, rom koka vaSakiZem da besa qarTleliS-
vilma katalogSi proeqtis adrindeli koncefcia saja-
ro ganxilvisaTvis saerTod aRar gamoitanes da mxolod
TviT obieqti da saTauri datoves.
dRes mxatvrebi ikvleven yvelafers _ ekologias, so-
ciologias, politikas, fsiqoanalizs da semiotikas da
mere TiTqos am kvlevebis ilustraciebs gvTavazoben.
amis Semdeg ki kritikas (romelic, rogorc Tanamedrove
xelovnebis erTi mTavari samuSao Tezisi, `artisteriu-
mze~ ar yofila, Tu ar CavTvliT TiTqmis cariel dar-
bazSi xaTuna xabulianis moxsenebas) TiTqmis araviTari
samuSao aRar rCeba. mas win ukve namuSevris gaSifruli
Sinaarsi aqvs. namuSevris, romelic, paradoqsulad, im
tradiciis nawilad acxadebs Tavs, sadac avtori domi-
nanti aRar aris.
sofo tabataZesTanac namuSevari sakuTar koncefcia-
zea mTlianad damokidebuli da masTanac es namuSevari
arasodes aris ilustracia. aq koncefciac da namuSe-
varic Tanabaruflebiani detalebia, saerTo sivrceSi
eqceva. SeiZleba, piriqiTac ki xdeba. masTan saTqmeli,
teqstia mTavari komponenti, danarCeni ki mxolod deko-
ratiuli gaformebaa, impersonalisturi fonia, magram
araviTar SemTxvevaSi _ ilustracia. swored es maxasia-
Tebeli gamoarCevs sofo tabataZis xelweras, rogorc
axali konceptualizmis originalur warmomadgenels.
man `artisteriumze~ SemogvTavaza minimalisturi,
monotonuri da seriuli elementebisgan Semdgari te-
qstiluri dizainis sasiamovno instalacia da Tanmxle-
bi video `droSebidan yvavilebamde~, sadac wamoWrilia
socialuri problema, rom ideologiuri cxovrebidan
saxelmwifo realur mowesrigebul yofiT donemde
amaRldes.
mimoxilva
14 cxeli Sokoladi
wlevandeli gamofena imiTac iyo saintereso, rom man
sakuTar farglebSi meore artistul organizaciasac
gauwia maspinZloba. wels TbilisSi warmodgenili iyo
da calke darbazi hqonda daTmobili `CeCneTis sagan-
gaSo bienales~, romelic msoflios sxvadasxva qalaqSi
axorcielebs turnes da Tbilisi misTvis me-12 gaCereba
aRmoCnda. proeqts xelmZRvanelobs amerikaSi mcxovrebi
frangi kuratori evelin Juano. es aris aqtivisturi xe-
lovnebis proeqti, romelic cdilobs, CeCneTis politi-
kuri situaciis problema da misi ganadgurebuli kul-
turis saganagaSo mdgomareoba msoflios yuradRebis
arealSi moaqcios, rac sxvadasxva qveyanaSi xelovanTa
TanadgomiT da koleqtiur gamofenebSi Tanamonawileo-
biT xorcieldeba. yoveli aseTi gamofenis Semdeg ki CeC-
neTSi igzavneba erTi Cemodani gamofenis eqsponatebiT.
`CeCneTis sagangaSo bienales~ Tbilisur proeqts win
valter benjaminis citata uZRvis: `sagangaSo mdgoma-
reoba, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT, gamonaklisi ki ar
aris, aramed wesia~. Tumca, saeWvoa, es wesi marTlac
misaRebi iyos im qveynebis macxovreblebisTvis, sadac
es gamofena usafrTxod mogzaurobs da romelsac 2009
wlidan ori qarTveli artistic SeuerTda _ niko ce-
cxlaZe da iliko zautaSvili.
gamofenis farglebSi gaimarTa konferencia kavkasiis
regionSi Tanamedrove xelovnebis ganviTarebis pro-
blematikasTan dakavSirebiT, sadac saintereso moxse-
nebebi waikiTxes sofo tabataZem (`ratom ar weren mxa-
tvrebi sakuTari zaralisa da marcxis Sesaxeb, nacvlad
kredoebisa~), alena boikam (`msubuqad gakontrolebuli
anarqia~), xaTuna xabulianma (Tanamedrove xelovnebis
kritikis problemebis Sesaxeb).
avstralielma mxatvarma Carlz mervezerma msmenels
gaacno solomon r. gugenhaimis muzeumis axali filia-
lis Sesaxeb, romelic arabeTis gaerTianebuli emira-
tebis qalaqSi, abu dabiSi Sendeba da romelic Tana-
medrove xelovnebis globalizaciis gzaze erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani etapi iqneba. amasTan, es yvelaze didi
Senobaa gugenhaimis muzeumebs Soris msoflioSi, ro-
melic 30,000 kvadratul metrs daikavebs, da es Tana-
medrove xelovnebis pirveli seriozuli muzeumia ara-
bul samyaroSi.
cudia es Tu kargi, Tanamedrove xelovnebas mudmivad
Tan sdevs dilema _ imyofebodes artistuli isteriis
damalvisa da kulturuli egzaltirebis zRvarze, da
roca xelovneba biznesia, swored es dilemaa misi kor-
poraciuli savaWro niSani.
`artisteriums~ ramdenime galerea da sivrce maspin-
Zlobda _ qarvasla, `niu art kafe~, goeTes instituti,
kavkasiuri saxli, gariyulas samxatvro saxelosno da
saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis auditoriumi.
8 oqtombers aseve `artisteriumis~ farglebSi sa-
qarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi gaixsna ilia da kiril
zdaneviCebis vrceli eqspozicia, sadac warmodgeni-
lia saukunis dasawyisis Tbiliseli mxatvrebis mra-
vali saintereso eqsponati. mayurebels SeeZlo enaxa
iliazdis (ilia zdaneviCis) pablo pikasosTan da xuan
mirosTan TanamSromlobis amsaxveli naxatebi, mis mier
gaformebuli poeturi saRamoebis afiSebi terentievis
da kruCionixis monawileobiT, sxvadasxva periodis po-
eturi eqsperimentebi da kiril zdaneviCis ferweruli
tiloebi.
zdaneviCebma aRmoaCines firosmani. aRmoaCens Tu ara
dRes saqarTvelo im tradicias (da aramxolod samu-
zeumo an snobur diskursSi), romelsac erT-erT kori-
fed iliazdi hyavs, amas momavali wlebis `artisteriu-
mi~ gviCvenebs.
mimoxilva
cxeli Sokoladi 15
Tu sabWoTa epoqis tipur, mravalsarTulian mikroraion-
Si gaizardeT (gldani, vazisubani, Temqa an saburTalo), Zne-
lad Tu SeeguebiT taatiT mcxovrebi avlabris an meidanis
riTms. Tavis droze mikroraionSi cxovreba propagandis-
tul miTs hgavda: sasiamovno, mosaxerxebeli da komfor-
tuli sacxovrebeli pirobebi, romelSic le korbuzies
arqiteqturis harmoniuli Tanacxovrebis utopia ganxor-
cielda. magram amave dros Tbilisis Zveli ubnebi Tavisi
arqiteqturuli da socialuri garemoTi TiTqos sxva dro-
Si darCa.
Cvens yuradRebas gansakuTrebiT beTlemi iqcevs, rome-
lic albaT yvelaze hermetul, TviTmyofad, sakuTar Ta-
vze koncentrirebul ubnad rCeba TbilisSi. erTdroulad
Ria da daxuruli qalaqis idea aq ucnauradaa Serwymuli.
mravalerovani, Wreli da multikulturuli samyaro so-
cialuri gaucxoebisagan aSkarad Sorsaa: iSviaTad naxavT
Zvirfas manqanebs, ar aris TvalismomWreli da moduri ma-
Raziebi, ar Sendeba ofisebi da Znelad muSaobs kapitalis-
turi urTierTobis logika. mokled, beTlemSi, romelic
cicabo ferdobzea Sefenili, yvelaferi TviTorganize-
bul riTmsa da cxovrebis wess emorCileba.
qarTul-polonuri erToblivi sazogadoebrivi xelov-
nebis proeqti beTlemis ubanSi _ `artzona~, swored Zveli
Tbilisis ubnis struqturul garemos da masTan cxovre-
biseul kavSirebs ikvlevs. proeqtis kuratoria xelovne-
bis Teoretikosi da arqiteqtori ioana varSa (poloneTi),
xolo koordinatori _ mxatvari da xelovani ana tabataZe.
swored isini urigebdnen specialur rukebs mnaxvelebs,
romelzec beTlebis RirsSesaniSnaobani da specialuri
`art-kerebia~ datanili. cnobili ̀ cisferi aivani~, aTeSga,
centraluri ezo, kerZo muzeumi, `fantastikuri duqani~
da a.S.
sazogadoebrivi xelovnebis proeqti rukaze datanili
wiTeli xazebiviT moxazavs beTlemis mikroraionis uZve-
les, uxmo da TviTmyofad art-samyaros. es siZvelis er-
Tgvar intervencias hgavs, sadac axali samyaros kerebi
TiTqos uZvelesi ubnis cxovrebaSi moulodnelad iWreba,
magram mis yoveldRiur nawilad iqceva. magaliTad, erT-
erTi qalbatonis bina maspinZlobs margo korabliovas
performans-jgufs, romlis damaarsebeli daviT CixlaZe
Semdeg amocanas isaxavs miznad: `Cven vimyofebiT binaSi,
magram yoveli wuTi artistuli TamaSiT da improvizaciiT
aris nakarnaxevi. nebismieri moqmedeba sinamdvileSi Tea-
traluria da amave dros moulodnelobis efeqtiT gamoir-
Ceva. da Tu quCaSi fanjridan CamoSvebul ankesze wamoc-
mul purs dainaxavT, ar mogeridoT, motexeT. iqneb gSiaT?
da es Cveni Ria TamaSis gagrZeleba iqneba. Tu gindaT, Ca-
erTeT am TamaSSi~.
iqve, axlos `cisfer aivanze~ sofo CerqeziSvilis er-
TwuTian videoarts uCveneben. kibeebze axvalT da Zvel
savarZelSi mokalaTebas ver moaswrebT, rom axalgazrda
Tu asakiani qalebis daucveloba-siZlieris 58-wamiani, mWa-
beTlemis uxmod artistuli manifestianu rogor SevTxzaT xelovnebis socialuri ena
avtori: daviT buxrikiZe
foto: qeTo caava
16 cxeli Sokoladi
mimoxilva
xe monologi CaTavdeba. avtori gvafrTxilebs, rom video-
arti `eZRvneba qalebs, romlebic ar tirian~. Tumca mS-
venieri, oqrosferi Semodgomis amindia da motiralni ar
Segvxvedrian...
beTlemis SedarebiT zemo ubanSi somexi xelovanis karen
andreasianis virtualur sofel gogCaberds waawydebiT,
romelic erevanTan axlos mdebareobda. sabWoTa epoqis
ayvavebuli sofeli mewyeris Sedegad TiTqmis ganadgurda.
mxatvari da konstruqtori videosa da maketis daxmarebiT
aRadgens am sofels, romelsac geofizikur da politikur
datvirTvas aniWebs. `centralur ezoSi~ ki germaneli xe-
lovanebi _ pir Sulci da diana makarti `beqiardradios~
qmnian. mitovebul ezoSi radiodan Semomavali sxvadasxva
xma qmnis Zlier da audiovizualur samyaros, romelSic
TiTqos samyaros damangreveli cvlilebebi aisaxeba. am
arakomerciuli radios saSualebiT Tqven daviwyebul xme-
bsa da SegrZnebebs ibrunebT.
mxatvari, fermweri da instalatori mamuka jafariZe
cecxlTayvanismcemelTa mier mexuTe saukeuneSi agebul
aTeSgas taZarSi (romelic mogvianebiT meCeTad iqca) cdi-
lobs, semiotikuri savarjiSo da rituali garemos moar-
gos. siZvelis pativiscemis miRma ki Tanamedrove xelova-
nis daucxromeli survili imaleba _ Secvalos samyaro da
Tavadac Seicvalos; iseve, rogorc berlinSi mcxovrebi
qarTveli xelovani sofo tabataZe cdilobs, plastmasis
yvavilebisa da Zveli balkonebis ironiuli gaTamaSebiT
dagvanaxos 2003 wlis Semdeg momxdari mentaluri cvli-
lebebi: sicocxle da sinamdvile iq arsebobs, sadac rea-
lobisadmi xelovans araerTmniSvnelovani, kritikuli da
aucileblad sakuTari damokidebuleba aqvs. dRevandel
rTul, socialur viTarebaSi art-konteqsti sul ufro
mniSvnelovania.
sruliad moulodnel ganzomilebas iZens poloneli mxa-
tvrisa da performatoris, pavel altameris video-perfor-
mansi `brudno~, romelic asaxavs Tanamedrove xelovanis
rols da adgils urbanistul garemoSi. varSavis erT-erT
mikroraionSi man mosaxleobas sTxova, Cabnelebul fanjre-
bSi sinaTlis daxmarebiT daeweraT cifri 2000, rasac mo-
gvianebiT mileniumis proeqti ewoda. 2005 wels ki igi samas
moxalisesTan erTad venaSi, evroparlamentis Senobis win
kosmonavtis formaSi gamowyobili mivida... mTeli dedamiwis
saxeliT da patara ekologiuri performansi Caatara.
Svedma xelovnebis kuratorma sergei Cerepninma (rome-
lic, sxvaTa Soris, TbilisSi 20-ian wlebSi mcxovrebi rusi
kompozitoris, nikolai Cerepninis SviliSvilia) mxatvar
gela pataSuris studiaSi originaluri parformansi mo-
awyo _ leptopis saSualebiT Tbilisuri gareubnebisa da
mobilur telefonebze Cawerili musika gaaerTiana. da
vidre publika yoveldRiuri banalurobis daviwyebas Ce-
repninis `cisartyelas spiralebis~ saSualebiT cdilobda,
performansiT arcTu didi xnis win moxibluli jgufi `bu-
lioni~ beTlemis erT mitovebul, dangrevis piras misul
cxeli Sokoladi 17
saxlSi avejis narCenebs mondomebiT anadgurebda. art-
jgufi `bulioni~ 2008 wels Seiqmna da male garkveul ar-
tistul wreSi popularulic gaxda. `bulionelebi~ (ori
gogona da xuTi vaJi) warmoadgendnen proeqts `bina~, sa-
dac isini cdiloben, gamoavlinon konfliqti nivTebsa da
adamianebs, konformizmsa da nonkonformizms Soris.
Ria sivrce warmatebiT aiTvisa performatorulma Tea-
trma saxelwodebiT `osmego dnia~ (`merve dRis~ Teatri),
romelmac daRamebisas giganturi, cecxlovani xomaldiT
`vardebis moedanze~ sasiamovno Soki mohgvara publikas.
es quCisa da ritualis Teatris dResaswauli iyo, rac
samwuxarod ase iSviaTia qarTul kulturul sivrceSi.
xolo Tu garkveul analogiebze midgeba saqme, polonuri
Teatri ufro bakur bakuraZis `moZraobis Teatrs~ mo-
gvagonebs. mcire Teatraluri `gamonaTeba~ SemogvTava-
za aseve polonurma performans-jgufma `fata morgana~,
romlis warmodgena sacurao auzze Sebindebisas gaimar-
Ta. reklamisa da iluziis riTmaze agebuli es sanaxaoba
niSnebis macdur cvalebadobas asaxavs: sakmarisia TeTri
naWeri kontraJuriT ganaTdes, rom warwera sxva Sinaarss
iZens. anu publika sinaTlisa da Crdilis monacvleobiT
samyaros iluziis mowme xdeba... rogorc cirkSi.
oqtombris dReebis art-qronikam beTlemSi dagvanaxa,
rom Tanamedrove xelovneba, didi xania, gascda viwro
socialur Tu nacionalur CarCoebs da udidesi komu-
nikaciuri funqcia SeiZina. swored am ideas emsaxureba
proeqti `artzona~, romelic polonuri kulturisa da ur-
TierTobis centrma, poloneTis kulturis saministrosa da
Tbilisis meriis mxardaWeriT ganaxorciela. rogorc pro-
eqtis koordinatori ana tabataZe ambobs, `paradoqsulia,
magram swored Zveli qalaqis ganumeorebeli landSafti da
istoria aZlevs xelovans STagonebis impulsebs, romelic
exmareba mas siaxlis gacnobierebis aucileblobaSi~.
cxadia, roca qalaqis ubnebi mxolod viwro istoriul,
utilitarul an socialur datvirTvas ar atarebs da igi
xelovnebis (arqiteqturis) nawiladac aRiqmeba, misadmi da-
mokidebuleba da perspeqtivac icvleba. beTlemi swored
is ubania, romelic Zveli Tbilisis iers gansazRvravs da
es niSnavs, rom misadmi interesi momavalSi kidev ufro
gaizrdeba. STagonebis wyaros ki xelovani swored amgvar
garemoSi eZebs. Tbilisis istoriuli quCebi da moednebi
xom unikaluri warsulis, yofis, artisa da socialuri ga-
remos gadakveTas bunebrivad gulisxmobs. yovelgvari xe-
lovnuri Seneba-SeRebvis gareSe. `art-zona~ am SemTxvevaSi
mxolod daxmarebis saSualebaa. imedia polonur-qarTuli
proeqtebi sxva zonebzec gavrceldeba. bolos da bolos,
yvelgan xom ver waawydebiT `fantastikur duqans~, sadac
meoce saukunis 20-iani wlebis Tbilisur avangards SeigrZ-
nobT?! an cnobil `futuristul sindikatze~ mogiTxrobT
vinme, `cisferyanwelebze~ rom araferi vTqvaT.
yoveli aseTi `art-zona~ kargi saSualebaa, raTa wlebis
ganmavlobaSi dakarguli an waSlili warsuli davibrunoT.
18 cxeli Sokoladi
mimoxilva
gantvirTva kargia. Tanac kargi gantvirTva. miT umetes,
Tuki es xangrZlivi samuSao periodis Semdeg xdeba, Tan rac
SeiZleba saintereso adgilas, mravalferovani STabeWdile-
bebis da emociis fonze... magaliTad, ekleqturi interieris
mqone sivrceSi, pikantur samzareulosa da mravalferovani
koqteilebis TanxlebiT. xolo Tu am yvelafers cocxali,
gemovnebiani musika erTvis, maSin xom, erTi cnobili gamoTq-
mis ar iyos _ `SeuTavse sasiamovno sasargebloso~, mTlad ise
yofila Seni saqme! aseTi adgili Tbilisis erT-erT kolori-
tul ubanSi da bolo dros Tanamedroved rekonstruirebul
bambis rigis 7 nomerSi klub-restorani Two Side Party Club-ia,
sadac kviris TiToeul dRes winaswar ici, Tu rogor musikas
moismen. cocxali SemoqmedebiTi saRamoebidan gamomdinare,
isic advili misaxvedria, rom klub-restornis mTavari Rir-
seba mxolod interieri da gemrieli kerZebi ar gaxlavT.
... qalaqis monotonuri ritmisgan Tavis dasaRwevad, klubis
mravalferovan sivrceSi, Two Side Party Club -isTvis gansazR-
vruli asakobrivi kategoriis (25 wlis zeviT) publika, 6 saaTi-
dan iyris Tavs. odnav mogvianebiT ki stumrebis yurTasmenas
varskvlavuri xmebi ipyroben. usmen Two Side Party Club-is sa-
avtoro Live bendis mier aJRerebul kompoziciebs da cnobil
momRerlebs, romlebic repertuars amofarebuli varskvla-
vebi gegona, magram grZnob, rom axla, swored am wuTas sagan-
gebod SenTvis ixarjebian... jazi, bluzi, samba, popmusika Two
Side Party Club-Si mxolod gansazRvrul musikalur repertu-
ars, gansazRvruli programiTa da Tematuri saRamoebiT gTa-
vazoben. popularul hitebs sagangebod klub-restoranSi
Tavmoyrili auditoriisTvis kviris sxvadasxva dRes: dueti
`jorjia~, qeTi faresaSvili, levan lazariSvili, nodiko
tatiSvili, anano mJavia, xaTuna jalaRonia, maka gamyreliZe,
Tina janeliZe da sxvebi asruleben daviT iluriZis, jarji
maRalaSvilis an moZraobis Teatris bendis TanxlebiT. gagi-
mxelT imasac, rom romelime Tematur saRamoze moxvedrisas,
klub-restorani odnav saxecvlili dekoraciiT, Sesabamisi
meniuTi da TemasTan misadagebuli ganwyobiT gimaspinZlebT.
es yvelaferi ki msmenelisTvis seriozuli argumentia saimi-
sod, rom ganwyobisTvis Sesaferisi musika SearCio, Two Side
Party Club-s estumro, mogvianebiT ki DJ-s mier SemoTavazebu-
li musikaluri programac (80-iani wlebidan dRemde moyole-
buli popularuli hitebi) moismino da dilamde dadebiTi
musikaluri energiiT daimuxto. emociis gamosaxatavad Two
Side Party Club-Si droc bevria da adgilic.
cocxali musikis moyvarulebs!
`Cven ukve viciT, rom dro, romelSic vcxovrobT, politiku-
rad Tu socialurad swrafad cvalebadia da SeuniRbavad sasti-
ki; rom samyaroSi raRac ufro saSiSi gaCnda da adamianurobis
cneba warsuls Cabarda. amitomac momavali aRar gvwyalobs da
aRar gvlocavs... Teatris saSualebiT ubralod vacnobierebT,
rom Cven dafarul SiSebs, didi xania, farda aexada. xolo so-
fokles, Seqspiris, molieris an goeTes kiTxvisas xelaxla aR-
movaCenT, rom isini RmerTma gvaCuqa, raTa sakuTari Tavi ukeT
SevicnoT. aRelvebulni da SeSinebulni, Cveni saTqmelis ukeT
gamosaxatad Sesaferis formas veZebT... da am dros Teatris es
didebuli `winaprebi” erT umniSvnelovanes SekiTxvaze pasuxis
gacemisken gvaqezeben da gvibiZgeben: ra SegviZlia, siyvarulis
garda, am qveynad daeWvebis gareSe miviRoT?!~
es aris fragmenti poloneli reJisoris, ianuS viSnievskis
gamosvlidan, romelic man TesalonikSi, `evropuli Teatris
konvenciis” asambleaze waikiTxa. moaruli mosazreba, rom
aRmzrdelobiT-humanisturi Teatris dro dasrulda da axla
metateqstisa da cinikuri mediis droa, mis mier dadgmulma Se-
qspiris `qariSxalmac~ daadastura. sakmaod xmauriani prelu-
diiTa da msuye biujetiT gamorCeul, Tbilisis saerTaSoriso
Teatraluri festivalis erT-erTi yvelaze rTul da mrava-
lucnobian speqtaklSi, romelic viSnievskim poznanis `novi Te-
atrSi~ dadga, SeuZlebelia, gaigo, vin aris mTavari personaJi,
prospero _ keTili jadoqari Tu groteskuli sizmris saSiSi
mTxrobeli, feradi mezRapre Tu Sav-TeTri imitatori, vnebe-
biT datvirTuli dramisa Tu msubuqi burleskis personaJi...
iqneb es simboluricaa. Seqspiris ukanaskneli, yvelaze ga-
moucnobi da mistikuri piesis samyaro TiTqos Tbilisis sa-
erTaSoriso Teatraluri festivalis dasawyiss aireklavs _
daaxloebiT iseTive absurduli, sizmriseuli, dramatuli Tu
groteskuli samyaroTi. absurduli imitom, rom msxvili da
ukve moTelili Teatraluri festivali (mixeil TumaniSvilis
saxelobis) ukve arsebobda da ra saWiro iyo daaxloebiT imave
periodSi paraleluri festivalis Catareba. totaluri kri-
zisis Jams, roca lamisaa, `qamrebi~ qveynis rCeulebmac nebayo-
flobiT Tu sxvaTa dasanaxad SemoiWiron, ormilioniani biuje-
ti cotaTi grotesks hgavs da ufro metad sizmars. dramatuli
ki imitom, rom gvinda Tu ara, vxedavT Tu ara, unda vaRiaroT,
rom axaldaarsebulma, udavod kargma da xarisxianma Teatra-
lurma festivalma (romelic or ZiriTad veSaps _ kulturis
saministrosa da qalaqis merias eyrdnoba) arseboba, sxva festi-
valis politikuri angariSsworebiT Tu ara, masze gadabijebiT
daiwyo... da es odnav cinikuria da ufro metad gulsatkeni.
sxvaTa Soris, TumaniSvilis saxelobis festivali daaxloe-
biT aTjer ufro mcire biujetiT daaxloebiT imave donis spe-
naxtomi sicarieleSiTbilisis saerTaSoriso Teatraluri festivali
_ politikuri ubiwobidan
esTetikur windacveTamde
daviT buxrikiZe
20 cxeli Sokoladi
1, `fausti~
2. `fausti~
3. `voiceki~
4. `romeo da julieta~
5. `zigmundis oinebi~
1
2
3
4
5
mimoxilva
qtaklebis Camotanas mainc axerxebda. cxadia, ara yovelTvis da
ara bolo wlebSi. magram dRes amgvari dramatuli paralelebi
Tu diskursi, ukve unayofoa da sxva Janrisken wagviyvans. ami-
tom miviRoT rac moxda da SevafasoT, rac davinaxeT. pirvel
rigSi is, rom Tbilisis saerTaSoriso festivalma moaxerxa gav-
leniani evropuli Teatraluri organizaciebisa da festivale-
bis direqtorTa yuradRebis mipyroba. is ukve saerTaSoriso-
safestivalo sivrceSi moeqca da perspeqtiva aSkarad aqvs.
evrosabWom Tbilisis festivali `kulturul movlenad~
aRiara, rasac mxolod gavleniani da kulturuli inovaciebiT
gamorCeuli proeqtebi imsaxureben. es ki festivalis direqto-
ris da mrCevelTa sabWos wevris, eka mazmiSvilis damsaxure-
baa. aranakleb mniSvnelovania evrosabWos generaluri mdiv-
nis, teri devisis Sefaseba da ucxoel Teatralur eqspertTa
msxvili `desantis~ Semoseva qarTul TeatrebSi. evropuli da
aziuri qveynebis 14 da sxvadasxva qarTul TeatrSi dadgmuli
28 speqtakli _ aseTia Tbilisis pirveli festivalis erTi Se-
xedviT martivi ariTmetika, romlis miRma rTuli da Wreli Te-
atraluri realoba irekleba.
pirvel rigSi saukeTeso ucxouri speqtaklebis da cxadia,
xarisxiani litvelebis Sesaxeb _ pirquSi klasikosi eimuntas
nekroSiusi da `axali evropuli Teatris~ imedi arturas kor-
Sunovasi. nekroSiusma goeTes `faustis~ mixedviT dadgmul
5-saaTian speqtaklSi gasaRebs isev avtoriseul metaforebSi
miagno. ganwirulia faustis (nekroSiusis Teatris muza, cno-
bili msaxiobi vladas bagdonasi) swrafva sakuTar gaxleCil
gonebaSi samyaros mTlianoba aRadginos. gigantur Zvlebze
Semomjdari gretheni (brwyinvale elJbeta latenaite) misi Se-
cdomisa da martosulobis msxverpli ufroa, vidre mefisto-
felis (salvius trepulisi) tragikul-damcinavi oinbazobisa.
reJisori faustis istorias sakuTar `koordinatTa sistemaSi~,
anu scenur metaforebSi aqcevs. nekroSiusis Teatri gansaku-
Trebuli movlenaa, scenuri materiis qsovis gansacvifrebeli
xelovneba, romlis gareSec warmoudgenelia Tavad Teatralu-
ri magia. mis speqtaklebSi adamiani TiTqos samyaros winaSe,
ufro zustad, stiqiebis winaSe marto rCeba. miwa, cecxli Tu
haeri qmnis civilizacias mowyvetili adamianis egzistenciis
metaforas. neli, gawelili ritmi da epikuri masStabi usaTuod
did dros da sivrces saWiroebs, rac caitnotSi myofi dRevan-
deli adamianisTvis xSirad warmoudgenelia.
arturas korSunovasi `romeo da julietaSi~ piceriaSi da-
trialebul tragedias fqvilis siTeTriTa da comis elastiku-
robiT gaaTamaSebs. plus neorealisturi filmebis parodia, 50-
iani wlebis kinos xmauriani da komunikabeluri personaJebi da
neapoluri simRerebis atmosfero. montegebisa da kapuletebis
`comeulis omi~, cxadia, parodiaa, magram garkveul dromde,
vidre warmodgenis yvelaze kaSkaSa varskvlavi _ dainius ka-
zlauskasi (merkucio) danebiT duels ar gaumarTavs koWl da
dakompleqsebul tibalts (darius gumauskasi).
da mxolod meore aqtSi, roca pirvel vnebasa da poetur
uSualobas sikvdili Secvlis, fqvili _ anu sicocxlis sawyisi,
samyaros mtvrad anu sikvdilad iqceva. saukunovan zizRsa da
dapirispirebas mxolod gamanadgurebeli ironia da gulwrfe-
li, axirebuli siyvaruli amarcxebs da es odnav uxeSi mesiji
cxadad gaismis finalSi. avanscenaze Camwkrivebuli personaJebi
isev fqvils crian, xolo ukve gardacvlili romeo da julieta
(giedrius saviCkasi da rasa samuolite) gigantur sacome qvabSi
patara bavSvebiviT trialeben... albaT aseTi sikvdili da siyva-
ruli amoZravebs samyaros.
aranakleb saintereso gamodga axalgazrda litvuri Teatris
Ria gakveTiliviT uSualo da improvizaciaze agebuli patara
warmodgena `Ria wre~, romelic ZiriTadad msaxiobTa avtobio-
grafiul faqtebs eyrdnoba. es aris patara istoriebi, rom-
lebsac wreSi Camwkrivebuli, skamebze mokalaTebuli mxiaruli
msaxiobebi lirikuli aRsarebasaviT gviziareben. samyaro daun-
dobelia, magram poeturic. unda Seecado Secvalo, magram ara-
vis ebrZolo... unda imkurnalo, magram ar gabrazde, STaagono,
magram Wkua aravis daarigo. rac mTavaria, msaxiobebi ar gaur-
bian Tamam improvizaciul TamaSebs da sruliad gamorCeul
Teatralur enaze metyveleben, romelic mixeil TumaniSvilis
erT dros brwyinvale Teatraluri saxelosnos pirvel nabije-
bs gvagonebs. am speqtakliT kidev erTi axalgazrda litveli
reJisori, aidas giniotisi aRmosavleT evropaSi erTob popu-
laruli gaxda, xolo `Ria wres~ nacionaluri premia _ `oqros
scenis gzajvaredini~ mieniWa.
vidre marjaniSvilis TeatrSi qalaq poznanis dasi Seqspi-
ris `qariSxals~ Sav-TeTri grafikiTa da parodiiT azavebda,
xolo reJisori viSnievski Seqspirs `dasaxmareblad SeaSveleb-
da~ eliots, odensa da fsalmunTa teqsts, musikalur centrSi
`mocekvave derviSebi~ rokavdnen. eqvsi mocekvave mamakaci `sema
jgufidan~ (stambolis cekvisa da xelovnebis centri) sufis
tradiciebsa da klasikuri Turquli musikis tradiciebs axal
ganzomilebas aniWebs. cxadia, `es ar aris Teatri~, rogorc
speqtaklidan gamosuli da odnav imedgacruebuli mayurebe-
li aRniSnavda. magram ritualuri cekva zanzalakebiT da Ta-
vbrudamxvevi, religiasTan cotaTi gariTmuli sanaxaoba arc
ise xSiri sanaxavia, rom erT saaTSi mogbezrdes. arada, preten-
ziul mayurebels Tavisuflad SeeZlo, derviSebis cekva male
daeviwyebina evropuli laiv-speqtaklebis Semdeg.
maS ase, Teatraluri proeqtebi sastumroebSi _ frangul-
xorvatuli `ise ra~ `Tbilisi meriotis~ nomerSi da Sveduri
`heterofili~ `qorTiad meriotis~ interierSi. pirveli war-
modgena frangi avtoris, sofi kales intimuri fantaziisa da
fsiqoanalitikuri azrovnebis nayofia. qorwinebis, ganqorwine-
bisa Tu intimuri cxovrebis scenebi `meriotis~ nomerSi TamaS-
deba. daaxloebiT oci-ocdaxuTi mayurebeli gaSlili logini-
sa da uwesrigod mimoyrili nivTebis fonze ori qalisa da erTi
mamakacis istorias adevnebs Tvalyurs. marTalia, avtorsac
(sofi kale) da reJisorsac (branko brezoveCi) cota gemovneba
da iumoris grZnoba RalatobT, magram Tanamonawileobisa Tu
miCqmaluli `laiv-intimis~ gancda mainc geuflebaT.
ufro ukeTesia Sveduri speqtakli `heterofili~, romelic
qali-reJisoris kristina ozounidis intimur aRsarebas er-
Tgvar skandaluri Canawerebisa Tu lingvisturi TamaSis el-
fers aniWebs. qalebi, homoseqsualizmi da Zaladoba is popu-
laruli Temebia, romlis analizsac reJisori `enjeoSnikuri~
cxeli Sokoladi 21
mimoxilva
ynosviTa da provokaciulobiT axerxebs. iqneb Cven gacilebiT
ironiuli damokidebuleba gvaqvs amgvari intimuri performan-
sis mimarT, magram obieqturobisTvis erTi Svedi Teatraluri
kritikosis mosazrebasac gagacnobT: `es aris feTqebadi si-
tyvebi, vnebebis kaskadi da filosofiuri dinamiti. speqtaklis
SesavalSi realoba fotofiris negativzea asaxuli... es SesaniS-
navi da Zlieri sanaxaobaa, es Tavisuflebis manifestia~.
formisa da Sinaarsis Tavisufleba, yovelgvari manifestisa
da seqsualuri Zaladobis gareSe, ufro kargad igrZnoba filip
Jantis cnobil speqtaklSi ̀ zigmundis oinebi~. am reJisoris Se-
moqmedebas saqarTveloSi pirvelad gaecnen. Jantis Teatralu-
ri kompania bevrs mogzaurobs da TiTqos yvela qveynis kultu-
ris gamocdilebas agrovebs. filip Janti poeturi iluziis da
Crdilebis imitatoria. xelebiT, sxeulis nawilebiTa da apli-
kaciiT Seqmnili misi personaJebi usasrulobaSi ise daqrian,
rogorc sizmarSi. ixseneben daviwyebul warsuls, emociebs, Si-
Sebs, siyvaruls, romelic mxolod sustad gakrTeba Soreuli
varskvlaviviT da mere qreba... Teatri, romelSic samyaro da
msaxiobi materialur sagnebsa da nivTebs upirispirdeba; Tea-
tri, sadac iluzia xelSesaxebi da sagnobrivia, poeturi da po-
eturad martivi. raRaciT Jantis speqtaklebi rezo gabriaZis
speqtaklebs mogagonebT, romlebSic moSlilia realobisa da
logikis sazRvrebi da mayurebelic am sazRvrebs miRma siamov-
nebiT mogzaurobs, ufro zustad _ dafrinavs.
cekvisa da fizikuri Teatris moduri tendenciebi Tbili-
sur festivalzec garkveulwilad aisaxa. magaliTad brita-
nuli kompania Gecko cdilobs, gogolis genialur `SinelSi~
erT-erT kompaniaSi momuSave akaki akakieviCis (amit lahavi _
Teatraluri kompaniis reJisori da msaxiobi) survilebi amoi-
kiTxos. saocnebo qalis _ natalias moxibvlas didi Zalisxmeva
da, rac mTavaria, konkurentebis damarcxeba sWirdeba. `Sineli~
survilebis mistikuri obieqti ki ara, socialur safexurze
gamarjvebisaTvis dawesebuli jildoa. swored realobas da
survilebs Soris konfliqts gamoxataven msaxiobTa natifad
moZravi sxeulebi. iseve, rogorc zustia da ironiuli erotiu-
li mizanscenebi, daxvewili kostiumebi da TiTqmis idealuri
sinqronuloba. 20-iani wlebisa da munji kinos atmosfero xazs
usvams sasceno enis groteskulobas da gamomsaxvelobiT simdi-
dres.
aRmosavluri aqcenti festivalze politkoreqtulad da
sanimuSo evropuli sizustiT daicva koreulma kompania `sa-
darma~, romlis damfuZnebeli da reJisori do-van imi gvTava-
zobs georg biuxneris `voicekis~ sruliad gansxvavebul ver-
sias. scenur rekvizits mxolod xis skamebi warmoadgens, rac
reJisoris qoreo-fantazias mxolod axelebs. saaTisa da oci
wuTis ganmavlobaSi moqnili sxeulebis namdvil polifonias
`moismenT~, romlis miRma sakmaod Znelia `voicekis~ siuJetis
amokiTxva. samagierod speqtaklSi uxvadaa gabneuli efeqtu-
ri nomrebi brodveis stilSi: skamze gaTamaSebuli scenebiTa
da sinqronuli malayebiT, rac Tavis droze genialurma bob
fosma klasikad aqcia. evropul-aRmosavluri gamocdileba da
franguli qoreografiis gakveTilebi Zalian exmareba reJi-
sors saerTaSoriso Teatraluri koniunqtura aiTvisos. mard
22 cxeli Sokoladi
1, `voiceki~
2. `qalebis istoria~
3. `Sineli~
4. `qariSxali~
1
3
4
2
mimoxilva
aRmosavlur sxeulebs, treningisa da evropuli repertuaris
wyalobiT, mraval saerTaSoriso festivalze waawydebiT. misa-
salmebelia, rom am geografiul nusxaSi saqarTveloc moxvda.
aranakleb sainteso aRmoCnda mxolod qalebisgan Semdgari
koreuli dasis `Knua-sa kompaniis~ mier warmodgenili `qale-
bis istoria~, romelSic sxeulebis moZraobebi Ramis momTenTav
sigriles Seerwya. amisTvis maT mxolod 40 wuTi sWirdebaT.
es aris uZvelesi koreuli tradiciis mixedviT gaTamaSebuli
istoriis qoreoversia. Wis irgvliv qalebi ikribebian, sarecxs
avleben da ubralo, lamis arafrismTqmel da asinqronul mo-
Zraobebs namdvil poeziad aqceven. isini TiTqos am sarecxiT
bediswerasa da sakuTar sxeulebs eTamaSebian. Cveni azriT, es
patara qoreografiuli opusi festivalis erT-erTi yvelaze
saintereso movlena iyo. cxadia, sxva speqtaklebTan erTad.
saerTaSoriso starti anu festivalis naxtomi sicarieleSi,
evraziuli Teatraluri sivrcis asaTviseblad arcTu uiRblo
gamodga. cxadia, SeiZleboda ukeTesad organizebuli da ufro
metad reklamirebulic yofiliyo. da mainc, pirveli puri Zvi-
rad, magram mainc gamocxva. Teatralebi ki ukve meore festi-
vals elian _ ufro kargsa da sainteresos. qarTuli programa
Tavisi premierebiT (sruliad Segnebulad) calke SemovinaxeT.
maT Sesaxeb vrcel opuss mkiTxvels sxva dros SevTavazebT.
kafe BELLE DE JOUR ori wlisaa!
isini, visac franguli garemo izidavs, an ubralod
gemrieli kerZebis dagemovnebis survili uCndebaT,
ukve ori welia, abaSiZis quCaze mdebare kafe Belle de
Jour-s stumroben. maT ki, vinc am kafes arsebobis Sesaxeb
axlaxan SeityveT, girCevT parizul kafes misadagebul
interierSi salaTi an steiki `bel de Juri~, gnebavT,
gamomcxvari axalzelandiuri midia miirTvaT... anda
egzotikuri cnobismoyvareoba daikmayofiloT da Semwvar
bayays grebeSis sousiT gausinjoT gemo. TumcaRa, kafes
mTavari Rirseba mxolod interieri da kulinariuli
miRwevebi ar gaxlavT. orwliani arsebobis manZilze Belle de Jour-ma sazogadoebas Tavi ramdenime
saavtoro kulturuli proeqtiTac daamaxsovra. gamosca sami (DJ Taho-s, nikakoisa da nasTias)
kompaqt diski. mimdinare wlis zafxulSi ki kafeSi fotogamofena gaixsna, romelSic sxvadasxva
avtorebma (ana niJaraZem, goga devdarianma, tato kotetiSvilma, samonazvne rebeka xositaSvilma,
dima CikvaiZem da sxvebma) miiRes monawileoba da javaxeTsa da samaCabloSi asaxuli dokumenturi
kadrebi gamofenis Tematikas miusadages.
amgvari SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis mqone kafes Tamamad SeeZlo 2 wlis iubile isev kulturul
movlenad eqcia da 13 oqtombers saiubileo TariRi pompezuradac aReniSna, Tumca kafes
mesveurebma im saRamos amjobines mxolod `Sinauruli wre~ _ yvelaze erTguli da mudmivi
klientura SeekribaT. saiubileo saRamos dijei Taho-s mier aJRerebuli musikis hangebi
gaismoda.eleqtronuli riTmebi, msubuqi alkoholi da sagangebod dajavSnul magidebze
megobrebTan erTad Camjdari auditoria _ aseTi gaxldaT Belle de Jour-is mokrZalebuli iubile.
aratradiciul dabadebis dRes ki erTi tradiciuli sadResaswaulo atributi mainc axlda _ aba,
dabadebis dRe tortis gareSe vis gaugia!
taimauti
24 cxeli Sokoladi
1, `qariSxali~
2. `Ria wre~
3. `ise ra~
1
2
3
mimoxilva
avtori: maia cecaZe
axvledianisa (perovskaias) da Sardenis quCebis garda, bolo
2 wlis manZilze aSkarad gamoikveTa abaSiZis (barnovis) quCis
rolic qarTuli sarestorno saqmis ganviTarebaSi. marTalia,
am `ganviTarebaSi~ raime gansakuTrebuli Zvrebi ar SeiniSneba,
miT umetes krizisis fonze, Tumca aSkaraa, rom zogierTi res-
torani indomebs da ar surs mxolod raRac snoburi Tbilisu-
ri auris xarjze arseboba.
vakeSi ramdenime kafe Tu restorania aseTi auriT Semosi-
li, romelsac sruliad uferuli samzareulo aqvs da verc
momsaxurebiT daikvexnis. aq mxolod personaluri legendebi
iTxzveba da gastronomiasTan, miT umetes, gastronomiul kul-
turasTan, maT cota ram aqvT saerTo. am tipis dawesebulebebze
sxvagan SevCerdebiT, imedi maqvs, mova dro, roca bolomde amo-
vikiTxavT maTi `xiblis~ mizezebs da iqauri filosofiis Ziri-
Tad cnebebsac CamovayalibebT. amaT garda, abaSiZis quCaze da
mis paralelur faliaSvilze mainc SeiZleba ramdenime sainte-
reseso, gemovnebiani da mravalferovani restornis gamorCeva,
sadac aSkarad cdiloben Wirveuli qarTuli piris gemos mor-
julebas. erT-erTi aseTi restorania `mediteranea~, romelic,
rogorc saxelidan Cans, mTlianad xmelTaSuazRvispirul sa-
mzareulos moicavs da frangul an italiur samzareulosTan
erTad aq berZnuli da espanuri kulinariis kvalsac ipoviT.
restornis adgilmdebareobaSi araferia xmelTaSuazRvis-
piruli _ 50-60-ian wlebSi aSenebuli sabWoTa saxlis pirveli
sarTuli, grZivi, gaerTianebuli oTaxebiT da Sida ezoSi gasas-
vleliT, romelic, garegnoba rom ar uSlides xels, ufro ams-
terdamuli saxlisTvis SegveZlo Segvedarebina, vidre medite-
ranulisTvis. am myudro restoranSi ver naxavT darbazs, verc
xedebiT datkbebiT, restorani erTi viwro gasasvlelia, kedle-
bTan magidebiT, Tumca swored amis gamo da kidev erTi-ori atri-
butis wyalobiT, iqmneba is Sinauruli atmosfero, romelic
restoranSi SesvlisTanave igrZnoba.
am restornisTvis aseve ucxoa is `vakuri amaoeba~, romelic
zogjer Zalian TvalSi sacemia xolme sxvagan. me pirvel rigSi
sigrile vigrZeni, radgan jer kidev 17:00 iyo, roca `meditera-
neaSi~ Sevabije da imdRevandeli sicxiT daqanculma vrceli me-
nius TvalierebiT daviwye Zalebis aRdgena, radgan interierSi
araferi iyo gansakuTrebuli, iseTi, rom yuradReba mieqcia da
cota xniT mainc gavetacebine.
restoranSi sakmaod mkrTali ganaTebaa, sadac qaRaldis sana-
Turebidan wiTeli feri iRvreba. aris damatebiTi Suqic, Tumca
mainc ajobebs sinaTlis bunebriv wyarosTan axlos daikavoT
adgili. swored aseTi aRmoCnda is magida, romelTanac Cven mo-
vxvdiT, fanjarasTan.
`mediteraneaSi~ Zalian kargi meniua, romelic à la carte menius
principiTaa gakeTebuli da saqmis codniTaa Sedgenili, sadac
ama Tu im kerZis Tu Rvinis dasaxelebis qveS mokle daxasiaTe-
bebic SegiZliaT waikiTxoT, ZiriTadi Semadgenlebi, mTavari
sakmazebi. meniuSi Secdomebic aris (mag. sufris Rvinis nacvlad,
magidis Rvino weria ramdenimegan, da sxv.), Tumca misi Tvaliere-
ba imdenad sainteresoa, rom am umniSvnelo detalebs aRar aqcev
yuradRebas.
pirvel rigSi aRniSvnis Rirsia specialuri SemoTavazebebi,
orbijiani biznes-lanC paketi (11.95 larad), sadac Sesabamisad
startersa (wvniani an salaTi) da ZiriTad kerZs gTavazoben da
sambijiani lanC-paketi (14.95 larad), desertis TanxlebiT. Se-
giZliaT arCevani SeaCeroT lanC-rapidoze (4.75 laridan _ 12.95
laramde) an meniu-fiqsze, romelic ZiriTad, à la carte meniuze
dayrdnobiT dgeba da isic, aseve SeiZleba iyos orbijiani (25.55
larad) da sambijiani (29.95 larad). meniusve erTvis desertebis
CamonaTvali da Rvinis baraTi, samarxvo meniu ki calke moaqvT.
ra kerZs ar naxavT aq: sxvadasxva wvnians, salaT kaprezes moca-
relas yveliT, pomidvriT, pesto jenovezes sousiT da bazili-
kiT, mocarelas salaTs tkbili wiTeli da mwvane wiwakiT, zeiTu-
nis zeTiTa da bazilikiT. mravalnair picas, romelsac Sef pica
`mediteranea~ agvirgvinebs, mdnari yveliT, sulguniT, gaudaTi,
parmezaniT, Sebolili samefo oraguliT, krevetebiT, frangu-
li mdogviTa da limoniT, kartofilis tkbili salaTi TaflSi
Semwvari kartofiliT, tkbili wiTeli wiwakiT, TeTri lobioTi,
nabij-nabij
`mediteraneaSi~restorani vakeSi
vakuri amaoebis gareSe
avtori: gigo mesxiSvili
foto: lizi markoiSvili
26 cxeli Sokoladi
taimauti
ispanaxiT, WarxliT, naRebis dresingiT da gogris TesliT gawyo-
bili. SegiZliaT aseve SeukveToT egzotikuri Niçoise salad sa-
laTis furclebiT, Semwvari kartofiliT, kitriT, pomidvriT,
mwvane xaxviT, TinusiT, TeTri lobioTi, moxarSuli kvercxiT,
anCousebiT, Savi zeTisxiliTa da mdogvi-balzamikos dresingiT
gawyobili.
aris sendviCebis didi arCevanic, Tumca aba ra namusiT unda
gaixedo sendviCebisken, roca greipfrutian an avokadoian kreve-
tebis kokteils mokrav Tvals, brendis, tabaskosa da vorCeste-
ris naRebis dresingiT gawyobils, anda frangulad momzadebul
bayayis barklebze gageqceva mzera, romelic karaqSia Semwvari
da tarxuniani naRebis dresingTan da orTqlze moTuSul vaSl-
Tan erTad moaqvT. igive SeiZleba iTqvas pastebis did arCevanze:
Farfalle con pancetta _ bekoniT, nuSiT, savois kombostoTi, sul-
guniT, parmezaniTa da nivriT Sekazmuli, Lasagna al Forno ispana-
xiTa da xaWoTi, oTxi yvelis sousiT Sekazmuli, boloniezes ra-
guTi, beSamelis sousiT, sulguniTa da parmezaniT. xorceulis
gverdebma gastroterorizmis msxverplad SeiZleba gaqcios:
Semwvari qaTmis RviZli _ tkbil da cxare wiTel wiwakasTan, xa-
xvTan, mwvane xaxvTan, forToxalsa da arayTan erTad. nairnai-
ri steikebi, karaqTan da sulgunis yvelTan erTad, badrijniT,
bekoniT, franguli yavisferi sousiTa da badagiT Sekazmuli,
nivriani karaqiT darbilebuli, grilze Semwvari bostneulisa
da kartofil fris garnirTan erTad da mravali sxv.
rogorc xedavT, uzarmazari arCevanis winaSe davdeqiT da ga-
rwmunebT, Cem mier CamoTvlili, mxolod nawili gaxlavT imisa,
risi Tvalis gadavlebac Cven movaswariT. amitom, kidev ufro
didxans rom ar gagrZelebuliyo wakiTxva-gamokiTxvebi, gada-
vwyviteT, saswrafod SegvekveTa.
aperitivze mwvanes jiSidan dayenebuli Rvino SevukveTe, Tu-
mca damTavrebulic ar mqonda imis Tqma, rom GWS-is mwvane mo-
etana, oficianti gavarda da cota xanSi ukve gaxsnili boTliT
dabrunda, xelSi ki, rogorc veWvobdi, `Telavis marnis mwvane~
eWira, romelic 7 lariT ufro Zviri Rirda GWS-isaze. Tan GWS-
is `mwvane~ ori dRis win mqonda daleuli, kargi STabeWdileba
datova da axla kidev mindoda gadamemowmebina calke piris gemo
da calke `Camosxma~. sxvaTa Soris, es sufris Rvino (`Telavis
marnis mwvane~) arasdros aseTi uintereso ar momCvenebia, ara-
da aqamde xSirad amarTlebda xolme cocxali simJaviTa da saRi
xilis aromatebiT. dasawyisisTvis nivriani karaqi, mdnari yveli
da rvanairi pureuli mogvitanes, Tbili, fumfula da gemrieli.
aqac, SekveTisas, tradiciulad yvelaze Zvirian kerZebs gvirCe-
vdnen, iseve, rogorc sxva Tbilisur maRali klasis restorneb-
Si. sxvaTa Soris, amaze adrec vwerdi da, rogorc Cans, es Cveule-
ba kidev didxans darCeba qarTveli mimtanebis maragSi.
17.30 wuTze SekveTis micemac davasruleT da 15 wuTSi pirveli
kerZic moitanes, wvniani.
sokos krem-supi (7,75 lari)
es iyo sokos krem-supi, italiuri soko porCiniT, alpebidan,
romelic Zalian hgavs qarTul daTvis sokos. motanisTanave
naRebis suni datrialda garSemo, Tumca gemoze iseTi pikantu-
ri iyo wvniani da sokos gemo imdenad efeqturad ikiTxeboda
(gansxvavebiT qama an zogierTi sxva sokos wvnianebisgan), rom ve-
ranairma naRebma Tu mwvanil-suneleulma ver gadafara. wvniani
Zalian mdidruli, mTis gemoebiT xasiaTdeboda, da dasavluri
egzotikis garda, raRac nacnobi da mSobliuric Canda kerZSi.
me visurvebdi, rom samomavlod raWuli samzareulo gamdidre-
buliyos am tipis krem-supebiT. kerZs sakmaod mouxda `Telavis
marnis mwvane~, Tumca ufro kargad wavida GWS-is ̀ mwvaneze~, ro-
melic savse iyo muxis tonebiT da Sesabamisad, meti saerTo naxa
sokos specifikur, mZafr gemosTan. sxvaTa Soris, GWS-is `mwva-
nem~ cotaTi gamakvirva, radgan ori dRis win romelic davlie, is
mwvane absoluturad sxva Rvino iyo, ufro cocxali, meti xilis
tonebiT, xalasi mJavianobiT, aq ki Zalian bevri muxa igrZnobo-
da, romelic, marTalia, mouxda sokos sups, magram mainc damafi-
qra im faqtma, rom ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi erTi etiketiT
Camosxmuli ori absoluturad gansxvavebuli Rvinis daleva
momiwia.
Sefis delikatesi (22,95 lari)
zRvis nobaTis es starteri araCveulebrivi gagrZeleba aR-
moCnda. Tbili krepi Sebolili norvegiuli oraguliT, kre-
vetebiT, mdogviT, mdnari yveliT, limonis cedriT, wiTeli
xizilaliT, ori yveliTa da naRebis sousiT gawyobili. krepis
tomsikaSi moqceuli da daunaneblad xizilaliT gaformebuli
es kerZi pirvelive gemoze gatyvevebs, gansakuTrebiT, Tuki pir-
velive lukmaze erTad mogxvdaT limonis cedris simware, ora-
gulis Tu krevetebis sinaze da kidev obiani italiuri yvelis
siRrme da pikanturoba. amas daumateT mcireodeni mdogvi da
efeqti saxezea. muxamravali GWS-is `mwvane~ naklebad mouxda,
samagierod eqstramSrali Rvinoebi wava kargad. qarTulebidan
Telavis marnis `kondoli~ mouxda Tavidan, Tumca, roca xizi-
lala Seeria, Rvino modunda da daijabna, rasac ver vityviT `Sa-
blize~ an Zalian mSral `sovinion blanze~.
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia naRebisa da gorgoncolas araCveule-
brivi sousi, am lombardiuli obiani yveliT Segemebulma sawe-
belma sruliad sxva kuTxiT dagvanaxa es kerZi.
fruti di mare (19,95)
marTalia curva ar vici, magram yvelaferi Zalian miyvars,
rac zRvaSi dacuravs, amitom midiebis, krevetebis, kalmarebis,
cxeli Sokoladi 27
moluskebisa da rvafexas pasta pomidvris klasikuri sousiT,
ispanaxis da tomatis fetuCinebiT, TeTr RvinosTan erTad, Cemi
sayvareli kerZebis ricxvs miekuTvneba. esaa klasikuri spageti
zRvis produqtebiT. kerZi sasiamovno simwaris iyo, Rvinosac
blomad itanda da Tan sxvadasxvanair Rvinos iTxovda Sesaje-
reblad. muxaSi davargebuli TeTri mSrali Rvinoebic mouxda
da cocxalic. TbilRvinos `winandali~, Telavis marnis `winan-
dali~, `kondoli~. am kerZTan specialistebi TeTr italiurebs
gvirCeven, saukeTesoa `pino grijio~, aseve SesaZlebelia zo-
gierTi wiTlebic, naklebtaniniani da SedarebiT maRalmJaviani,
mag. `barbera~.
rizoto Txis yveliT (18,95)
Txis yveli da parmezani arborios jiSis brinjiT, parmuli
loriT, limonis cedriTa da begqondaraTi yvelaze gvian gamoi-
tanes, Tumca ajobebda, cota adre SemoetanaT, yovel SemTxveva-
Si, steikamde mainc. am kerZs gansakuTrebulad velodi, me xom
Txis yveli yvela sxva saxeobis yvels mirCevnia, man SeiZleba
ukeTesobiskenac Semicvalos kerZze STabeWdileba da zogierTi
wesis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi ki, mTeli Sroma wyalSi Cayaros. es
rizoto arafriT gamoirCeoda, Tumca Txis yvelma da Telavis
marnis kargad Caciebulma vardisferma Rvinom mainc Tavisi qna.
rizoto aseve Zalian mouxdeboda Teliani velis vardisfersac,
Rvinis baraTSi rom yofiliyo.
file minioni (23,95)
tafaze Semwvari saqonlis steiki flambirebiT _ karaqTan
da sokosTan erTad, Sekazmuli brendiT da franguli yavisfe-
ri `bordos~ sousiT. garSemo franguli bostneulis baRCiT _
brokoli, barda, mwvanileuli, stafilo, yvavilovani kombosto.
aseve induri brinji, franguli qama sokos sousi da zed moxe-
xili parmezani. fasidan da Semadgenlobidan gamomdinare, file
minioni Tavi kerZi unda yofiliyo da danarCenebi unda daeCr-
dila, magram samwuxarod ase ar aRmoCnda. sakmaod mdore kerZi
iyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom pirvel gasinjvaze nedli brokoli
Zalian mouxda nedlsave xorcs, Tumca sabolood yvela Semad-
geneli calk-calke daiSala. erTaderTi, rasac yuradReba mivaq-
cie, is gaxlavT, rom am kerZTan kaxuri tipis, qvevris Rvinoebic
kargad wavidoda, Tumca verc am tipis Rvinoebs naxavT ̀ baraTSi~,
arada italiaSi ukve sakmaod aqtiurad iyeneben kaxur teqnolo-
gias, qvevrebic blomad waiRes Cveni qveynidan da, rogorc Cemma
megobrebma miTxres, mediteranul samzareulosac sakmaod os-
taturad moarges es Rvinoebi, CvenTan ki, samwuxarod, aq Semo-
tanil mediteranul kerZebsac ki ver vuxamebT. file minionTan
`TbilRvinos saferavi~ movatanineT, magram Rvino, rogorc Cans,
wina dRis gaxsnili iyo, kargad ver Seinaxes da Cvenamde ukve ga-
daJanguli movida.
deserti krestele (10,75)
samagierod saocari STabeWdileba datova Cveni nadimis dama-
gvirgvinebelma kerZma, tkbilma blinma maskarpones yvelTan da
Jolos sousTan erTad, romelsac Tavze Txlad daWrili moxa-
luli nuSi hqonda moyrili. deserti SesaniSnavia mwvane Cais-
Tan, ulunis CaisTanac SesaniSnavi iqneba, garda amisa, tkbili
vardisferi Rvinis miyolebac ar awyenda an soternis tkbili
Rvinoebi.
restorani `mediteranea~
irakli abaSiZis q. 5,
tel: [+995 32] 22 10 15
Sef-mzareuli: nana jmuxaZe
samzareulo: evropuli, umetesad xmelTaSuazRvis-
piruli, Zalze mravalferovani. restoranSi à la carte
meniua, sakmaod mdidari sezonuri kerZebiT, sadac
aseve gaTvaliswinebulia biznes-lanCis, aseve swrafi
lanCis paketi da sxva specSemoTavazebebi.
Rvinis baraTi: warmodgenilia mxolod sami qarTuli
Rvinis kompania, rac Zalian cotaa aseTi mravalfe-
rovani samzareulosTvis. miT umetes, Tuki gaviTva-
liswinebT, rom kargi evropuli Rvinis daleva Cven-
Tan Zalze Znelia. marTalia, baraTSi gacilebiT metia
evropuli Tu axali samyaros Rvinoebi, Tumca verc
erTi ucxouri Rvino ver vnaxe, romelTac maRazia
`vinosimodan~ an `vinoSokidan~ ar vicnobdi. kargi
iqneba, Tuki restorani Tavad izrunebs Tavisi Rvi-
noebis arCevaze da ar iqneba damokidebuli erTaderT
Semomtanze, romelic sulac ar iTvaliswinebs ama Tu
im sarestorno specifikas.
parkingi: restorans, SeiZleba iTqvas, ar aqvs parkin-
gisTvis adgili, mis win mxolod erTi manqana Tu SeiZ-
leba daetios. Sesabamisad, umjobesi iqneba, Tuki man-
qanas romelime paralelur quCaze daayenebT.
musika: Zalian dabal xmaze CarTulia kargi evropuli
popularuli musika, xuTSabaTidan kviris CaTvliT
ki 8-dan 10 saaTamde sasiamovno cocxali musikis mos-
mena SegiZliaT. paraskev-SabaTs violino da arfaa
programaSi, xuTSabaTsa da kviras ki fortepiano da
fleita.
fasi: zemoT aRweril vaxSamSi me gadavixade 180 lari.
28 cxeli Sokoladi
taim-auti
aqcenti
bavSvobaSi wakiTxuli zRaprebidan erTi aseTi zRaparic
damamaxsovrda. nacnobi siuJetia, dedinacvali geris Tavi-
dan moSorebas cdilobs da tyeSi gadakargavs, im imediT,
rom an SimSiliT aRmoxdeba suli, anda mxecebi daglejen.
magram, ra Tqma unda, zRapris gmir borot dedinacvals
kovzi nacarSi Cauvardeba. patara biWs mxsnelad ucnauri
cxoveli _ grZeleklebiani maCvzRarba moevlineba da biWi
da maCvzRarba didi megobrebi gaxdebian.
aRar maxsovs, romeli xalxis folkloridanaa es zRapa-
ri, magram, ra Tqma unda, im xalxis mogonilia, visTvisac
maCvzRarba CvensaviT ucxo stumari ar aris.
amierkavkasiis teritoriaze gvxvdeba erTi saxeoba _ in-
duri maCvzRarba; saqarTveloSi ar aris, _ vkiTxulobT
enciklopediaSi.
amitomac ver naxavT maCvzRarbas qarTul zRaprebSi.
1999 wels saxeobaTa konservaciis centris _ `nakresis~
wevrebi ivris zeganze ucnaur kvals waawydnen. es kvali
am teritoriaze mobinadre cxovelebis kvals ar hgavda.
fiqrobdnen, rom maCvzRarba unda yofiliyo, magram jer-
jerobiT es mxolod varaudi iyo. `nakresis~ Semdgomi kv-
levebis dros TaTis anabeWdebTan erTad maCvzRarbas ar-
sebobis sxva kvalic gamoCnda: eklebi da eqskrementi.
vaSlovanis dacul teritoriaze muSaobis dros ma-
CvzRarbas kvals ramdenjerme wavawydiT, Tumca TviTon
cxoveli TvaliT ar gvinaxavs. maCvzRarba ZiriTadad Rami-
Taa aqtiuri da umTavresad miuval adgilebSi saxlobs, _
amboben `nakresSi~.
mas Semdeg TiTqmis aTi weli gavida, magram idumali
cxovrebis moyvarulma cxovelma adamianebTan gamoCena ar
moisurva. arada, kvali, romelsac `nakresi~ drodadro
eqspediciebis dros poulobda, gveubneba, rom maCvzRarba
ukve wlebia cxovrobs vaSlovanSi.
da ai, rogorc iqna, Cveni axali stumaric gamoCnda. za-
fxulSi alaznis WalaSi dayenebulma cifrulma viodexa-
fangma gadaiRo, rogor gairbina kameris win maCvzRarbam
da rogor miimala Ramis sibneleSi. ase gaCnda pirveli
dokumenturi masala, romelic saqarTveloSi maCvzRarbas
arsebobas adasturebs.
`nakresSi~ ar gamoricxaven, rom maCvzRarbas `mogzau-
roba~ SesaZloa klimatis cvlilebis brali iyos. es Tu
asea, maSin misi gamoCena maincdamainc kargs aras moaswave-
bs, Tumca winaswar Znelia ramis Tqma. axali teritoriebis
aTvisebis mizezi SeiZleba sxvac bevri iyos. Tundac is,
rom CvenTan ufro komfortulad igrZno Tavi da aqeT ga-
dmosaxlda.
sainteresoa, martom gadawyvita maCvzRarbam aqeT gad-
mosaxleba Tu sxvebTan erTad, magram, miuxedavad imisa,
rom fotoxafangebis erT-erTi funqcia swored cxovele-
bis raodenobis dadgenaa, am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema Wirs,
radgan maCvzRarbebis gansxvaveba advili saqme ar aris.
isini erTmaneTs Zalian hgvanan da maTi garCeva mxolod
fotoebis meSveobiT SeuZlebelia. Tumca `nakresSi~ ambo-
ben, rom raodenobaze laparaki jer naadrevia, ufro mniS-
vnelovani misi saqarTveloSi Semosvlis mizezis dadgenaa.
manamde ki cxovrobs maCvzRarba vaSlovanSi da, rogorc
Cans, am cxovrebiT kmayofilia.
maCvzRarbasofo Caduneli
30 cxeli Sokoladi
32 cxeli Sokoladi
fanatizmi VS antifanatizmi
Tu fanatikuri antifanatizmiavtori: Teo xatiaSvili
am sityvebis avtoris, eklesiisa da feodaluri tradicie-
bis zewolis qveS myofi espaneTidan parizSi Casuli bunuelis
yuradReba siurrealistebma `revolusion siurrealistSi~ da-
beWdili fotoTi da warweriT miipyro _ `benJamen pere mRv-
dels Seuracxyofs~. aqedan moyolebuli is am jgufis aqtiuri
wevri xdeba da Tavis filmebSi araerTxel dascinebs mRvdlebs,
wmindanebs, wmindanobis da sakraluris ideas saerTod... XXs.-is
kulturaSi aseT magaliTebs xSirad SeiZleba waawydeT, Tun-
dac ufro adre, renesansSi rom ar daiwyoT qeqva. davaneboT
Tavi istorias da sul axlo warsulSi `gaviseirnoT~: skanda-
luri salman ruSdi da satanuri leqsebi; kidev ufro axlos
da kidev ufro skandaluri _ muhamedis karikaturebi... aRa-
rafers vambob dasavlur maskulturaSi farTod tiraJirebul
postkardebze, sadac yvelaferi dasaSvebia, maT Soris romis
papis gaSarJeba da, rasakvirvelia, YouTube-is ̀ uxams~ rgolebze,
romelic nebismier videomoyvaruls SeuZlia ganaTavsos. es
adamianebis moTxovnileba da maTi uflebaa _ iyvnen, ifiqron,
akeTon, imoqmedon da moswondeT is, rac maT miaCniaT sworad;
dafiqrdnen, daeWvdnen, sazogadoebrivi (religiuri, ideolo-
giuri da a.S.) normidan da wesrigidan gadauxvion, roca SeiZ-
leba viRacisTvis sakraluri maTTvis mxolod carieli forma
an sityvebi aRmoCndes.
* * *
oh, rogor ar miyvars `gapiarebul~ Temebze wera, arada ori
dRea, Cem garSemo yvela da maT Soris mec mxolod amaze vlapa-
rakobT. Tumca mxolod amaze ara _ ori Temaa dRes aqtualuri:
1. endi garsia da grandiozuli piar(kino)kampania da 2. Tea Tu-
TberiZe da sapatriarqos Tu patriarqis sawinaaRmdego kampania.
pirvelze ukve imden Jurnalists miveci interviu, rom mcire
komentaris gakeTebac aRar minda; sxvaTa Soris, BBC-is Jurna-
listma isic mkiTxa, _ rogor ggoniaT, saakaSvils gauxardeba,
endi garsia rom asrulebs mis rolso? BBC-sgan namdvilad ar
velodi Rirseuli qarTveli Jurnalistiseul kiTxvas?!. qar-
Tuli Jurnalistikis problemuroba ki meore aqtualuri Temis
mTavarma inspiratorma nana leJavam Tavis yovelkvireul ga-
dacemaSi kvlav aSkarad dagvanaxa. damoukidebel Jurnalistad
wodebuli, mediisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebisTvis `mebrZo-
li~, romelsac politikisa da televiziis TanamSromlobis Se-
saniSnavi skola aqvs gavlili, uecrad (es ise, mxatvrul xerxad,
Torem `uecrad~ ar momxdara, yvelafers Tavisi winapirobebi
aqvs) srul mentorad da cenzorad gvevlineba.
mis mier gaSuqebulma Tea TuTberiZis facebook-ze dadebulma
video-rgolebma aRSfoTebis mZlavri talRa gamoiwvia, rome-
lic Sefasda, rogorc patriarqis diskreditaciis mcdeloba,
romlis ukanac xelisufleba dgas da zogadad marTlmadide-
blebis Seuracxyofa. studentebma aqcia moawyves, romelsac
`Tanasworobis institutic~ SeuerTda; marTlmadideblobis
saxeliT `mebrZol aTeistebTan~ dauRalavi morkinali gior-
gi TargamaZe xelisuflebisgan pasuxs iTxovs. misi TqmiT, `amis
mizani sazogadoebrivi asparezidan eklesiis, rogorc avtori-
tetuli (ratomRac `avtoritaruls~ vkiTxulob, oRond merw-
muneT, gansxvaveba am or termins Soris namdvilad vici _ T.x.)
sazogadoebrivi azris ganmsazRvreli institutis gariyva da
gaZevebaa. `saxezea, liberalur da samoqalaqo azrovnebas amo-
farebuli klasikuri bolSevikuri simptomebi...~ (sainformacio
saagento `pirveli~). `klasikur bolSevikuri~, `neobolSeviku-
ri~... am Sefasebebs arcTu iSviaTad gaigonebT xelisuflebasa
komentari
ar miyvars
adamianebi, romlebic
WeSmaritebis
mcodned miiCneven
Tavs. vinc unda
iyvnen, maTTan
mbezrdeba da
SiSs mgvrian.
me (fanatikuri)
antifanatikosi var.
luis bunueli
cxeli Sokoladi 33
da maTTan asocirebul (rogorc moixsenieben Tea TuTberiZes)
adamianebze (iseve, rogorc am ukanasknelebisgan _ `komunis-
turs~), Tumca Sefaseba umetesad iseTive meTodebiT xdeba
(erTi da meore mxridanac), rasac sapirispiro mxares uCivian
xolme.
ori fragmenti studenturi aqciis monawileTa gancxadebe-
bidan:
Tea TuTberiZem qarTveli qali cudad warmoaCina. qarTvel
qals ar Seefereba, rac man Caidina da is saqarTvelos samarcxvi-
no warmomadgenelia.
CvenTvis saxelmwifo da eklesia aris erTi cneba da aravis mi-
vcemT uflebas, isini erTmaneTisgan gamijnos.
ar dagaviwydeT, eseni axalgazrda gogo-biWebi arian.
im Taobis gogo-biWebi, romlebSic sul minda leqciaze (Tea-
trisa da kinos universitetSi) gamoviwvio raime cocxali, kre-
atiuli, provokaciuli... romlebisganac sul velodebi raime
epataJurs, ara eklesiebze da wirva-locvaze dausruleblad
gadaRebul sadiplomo filmebs (nebismier arxze ama Tu im saek-
lesio dResaswaulis pirdapiri translaciisgan rom ver gaar-
Cev), aramed Tundac `sveli wris~ msgavs ubadruk performanss.
didi imedi maqvs, Cem auditoriaSi jerjerobiT marTlmadide-
bel mSobelTa axalgazrda wevrebi ar arian da ufro metad
ki Cveni reqtoris imedi maqvs, rom studentebSi `mkrexeluri~
azrebis generirebisTvis universitetidan ar gamagdebs. ai, ki-
dev erTi axali informacia, romelic amjerad basil kobaxiZem
ganaTavsa internetSi: `2009 wlis oqtombris dasawyisSi Tbili-
sis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis liturgikis (mecniereba
RvTismsaxurebaze) pedagogma diakonma mirian sxirtlaZem stu-
dentebs uTxra, rom uaxloes momavalSi isini wavidodnen sxva-
dasxva qristianuli eklesiis taZrebSi, raTa uSualod enaxaT
aramarTlmadideblebis RvTismsaxureba. seminariis studente-
bma... romlebic amave dros arian `marTlmadidebel mSobelTa
kavSiris~ wevrebi, amis Sesaxeb Seatyobines aRniSnuli organi-
zaciis liders dekanoz daviT isakaZes... uwmindesma da uneta-
resma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma… mmk-s mo-
Txovnis Sesabamisad, diakoni mirian sxirtlaZe gaaTavisufla
Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis pedagogobidan~.
`totaluri tabu~ _ ase axasiaTebs werilis dasasruls basil
kobaxiZe im damokidebulebas, rac saqarTveloSi sapatriarqosa
da marTlmadideblobasTan dakavSirebiT damkvidrda. tabusTan
uwyinari Sexebac ki mZafr reaqcias iwvevs, yvelanair bralde-
bas RvTiTkurTxeuli morCili axsna aqvs: baCo axalaias korum-
pirebuli mamis dajildoeba patriarqis mxridan ara axalaias
Rirsebebis aRiarebaa, aramed am ukanasknelisTvis miTiTeba,
rom dafiqrdes da gamoswordes (!); jipebi ki _ `gadaadgilebis
saSualeba da ara fufunebis sagani~ (rogorc romeliRac Rir-
si mama gangvimartavs) _ sapatriarqos sulac ar mouTxovia, es
Tavad xelisuflebis keTili neba iyo... xelisufleba, romelic
sekularizmis ideebiT movida, `keTil nebas~, didi xania, iCens
eklesiis mimarT; es populisturi politikis erT-erTi mTavari
mimarTulebaa. eklesiac siamovnebiT ekekluceba xelisufle-
bas, romlis religiurma populizmma misi avtoritetis ganmtki-
cebasa da Seuvalobas Seuwyo xeli. rasakvirvelia, maT Soris,
rogorc or sxvadasxva tipis institucias Soris, faruli Tu
aSkara brZola ZalauflebisTvis yovelTvis mimdinareobs da
am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom Tea TuTberiZis
internet-kampanias zurgs xelisufleba umagrebs. vivaraudoT,
magram ar gamovricxoT `klasikur bolSevikurad~ Tu `neobol-
Sevikurad~, rom Tea TuTberiZes partiuli kuTvnilebis, inte-
resebis, Sexedulebebis iqiT SeiZleba hqondes privatulic, miT
umetes, facebook-ze Tavisi gemovnebiT dados, rac unda.
ho, marTla _ gemovneba Tu ugemovneba am Temaze saubris
erT-erTi mTavari (rasakvirvelia, Seuracxyofisa da mkrexelo-
bis Semdeg) aspeqtia. ratomRac yvela esTeti gaxda... ratomRac
arc erT arxze, da maT Soris arc `kavkasiaze~, aravis ugrZvnia
uxerxuloba im `qrestomaTiuli ugemovnobisa~ da Seuracxmyo-
feli Tu diskriminaciuli `iumoris~ gamo, roca film `yvela-
feri kargad iqnebas~ sagangebo gadacemebs uTmobdnen. albaT
somxebis (miT umetes indoelebis _ isini Cvengan ise Sors imyo-
febian) gaSarJeba SeiZleba _ isini xom marTlmadideblebi ar
arian? is ki, vinc marTlmadideblebsa da marTlmadideblobas
Seexeba, `unda gaatyavo da marili wausva~ (Tea TuTberiZis mi-
samarTiT gamoTqmuli qristianisTvis SesaSuri muqaraTagani).
`Tuki Tea TuTberiZes aqvs gamoxatvis ufleba, marTlma-
dideblebsac xom aqvT imis ufleba, rom TavianTi aRSfoTeba
gamoxaton~? _ aseTi kiTxvac bevrjer gaisma. rasakvirvelia,
aqvT... iseve, rogorc kaTolikebs, romelTa taZrebSic mar-
Tlmadideblur eklesias vxsniT, ebraelebsac, romelTa sasa-
flaos vbilwavT, muslimebsac, romlebsac meCeTs vungrevT...
isinic gamoxataven aRSfoTebas sakraluris xelyofis gamo, Se-
saZloa _ kidev ufro mwvave da masStaburi formiT, magaliTad
rogorc muhamedis karikaturebis gamoqveynebas mohyva. aqciebs
sayovelTao mxardaWera hqonda manamde, sanam protesti agre-
siaSi gadaizrdeboda...
P.S. isev Jurnalistebis Sesaxeb. nana leJavas Tea TuTberi-
Zis mier saxelisuflebo davalebis Sesrulebis utyuarobas is
faqtic udasturebs, rom swored Team `aRmoaCina~ es video-
rgolebi. Tu ar ici am Sinaarsis videos arseboba, rogor unda
ipovo isini? _ ra Tqma unda, dasvams `gonivrul~ kiTxvas gamo-
cdili Jurnalisti, romelmac mxolod wesebis mixedviT moqme-
deba icis (am wesebis mimTiTebeli ki yovelTvis gamoCndeba xan
xelisuflebis, xan opoziciuri partiebis, xan eklesiis saxiT);
internetis usasrulo sivrce ki sadaursa sad waiyvans... (am)
usasrulobaSi orientirebisas xom unda daiviwyo, rom WeSma-
riteba ukve ici, da axal-axali WeSmaritebebis aRmosaCenad ga-
emarTo.
P.P.S. da isev eklesia-xelisuflebis mezaliansze es minaweri
ukve damTavrebul statias lamis stambaSi davawie, romelic
prezidentis administraciam saswrafod gaakeTa: `prezidentis-
Tvis miuRebelia amgvari qmedebebi da gamonaTqvamebi. saqar-
Tvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi didi Rvawlisa da damsaxurebis
mqone moRvawea da sazogadoebis, maT Soris prezidentis mxri-
dan didi mxardaWeriT da pativiscemiT sargeblobs. Cven yvela
demokratiul politikur saSualebas mivmarTavT, raTa davi-
cvaT misi reputacia da aravis mivceT Tavisuflebis principe-
bis borotad gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba~.
komentari
`benduqizmis~ sazafxulo skolaavtori: nino robaqiZe
am zafxuls sruliad SemTxveviT Tavi-
sufali universitetis mier organizebul
sazafxulo skolaSi aRmovCndi, romelSi
monawileoba aTas rvaas raRac lari Rir-
da, Tumca TiTqmis yvela monawilis xarji
Tavis Tavze qarTulma `codnis fondma“
aiRo.
vinc jer kidev ar icis, Tavisufali
universiteti yofili saxelmwifo min-
istris, kaxa benduqiZis daarsebulia.
ramdenime cnobili umaRlesi saswavle-
blis gaerTianeba dRes qarTuli uni-
versitetebis siaSi reitingiT erT-erTi
pirvelia. Tumca, kaxa benduqiZis mizani,
ara mgonia, mxolod prestiJuli univer-
sitetis dafuZneba yofiliyo. yofili
ministri am gziT saqarTveloSi ultra-
memarjvene ideebis `imports“ da Tana-
moazreebis momzadebas cdilobs.
_ mTavrobis da misi rolis maqsimaluri
Semcireba
_ Tavisufali sabanko sistema
msgavsi ultraliberaluri ideebis
miReba uWirT dasavleTis qveynebSic, maT
Soris TviT amerikaSi, sadac mTavrobis
Caurevloba istoriulad bevrad ufro
gaTavisebuli aqvs mosaxleobas, vidre ko-
munisturi warsulis mqone saqarTveloSi.
qveyanaSi, sadac mudmivad Wkvian liders,
brZen winamZRols elodebian, Znelia ima-
ze saubari, rom mTavrobas ar sWirdeba
didi Wkua-ganaTleba. mTavaria, ubralod
swori intuicia, rom xelisuflebam ar
Seaferxos sazogadoebis funqcionireba.
aseTi ideebis mqone adamianebi, rogorc
wesi, ver modian mTavrobaSi sazogadoebis
Zalian mcire nawilis simpaTiis gamo. kaxa
benduqiZe ki moxvda mTavrobaSi, magram
sazogadoebis mxardaWera verc Tavisi
moRvaweobis dasawyisSi, da verc bolos
ver daimsaxura. Tumca benduqiZes min-
istrobis periodSi sazogadoebisaTvis
ar auxsnia, ratom akeTebda imas, rasac
akeTebda. sazogadoebam ki benduqiZis
ideebis damoukidebeli interpretaciiT
igi samSoblos moRalated gamoacxada.
dRes yofili saxelmwifo ministris
mier mxardaWeril, inicirebul da TiTq-
mis bolomde miyvanili reformebis did
nawils ukuqceva da daviwyeba emuqreba.
erTxel daSvebuli Secdoma rom aRar
ganmeorebuliyo, vfiqrob, fsoni benduqi-
Zem ultramemarjvene ideebis momavalze
dado da Seqmna universiteti, romelic
irgvliv Tanamoazreebis SekrebaSi daex-
mareba.
universitetis ideologia da dam-
fuZneblis mizani sauniversiteto aq-
tivobebSic Cans da bakurianis sazafxulo
skolac erT-erTi morigi moTelva iyo.
me da kidev ormocdaaTamde monawile,
maT Soris stumrebi somxeTidan da azer-
baijanidan, Tavisufali universitetis
sazafxulo skolis moswavleebi viyaviT
da erTi kvira 5 profesorTan da skolis
organizatorebTan erTad ganvixilavdiT
politikur ekonomias globaluri finans-
uri krizisis pirobebSi. Tanac uwyvetad:
leqciebze, diskusiebsa da leqciebs So-
ris Sesvenebebzec, anu Coff e Break-ebze,
rogorc amas seminarebze eZaxian.
skolis mowveuli stumrebi evropis da
amerikis wamyvani universitetebis profe-
sorebi iyvnen da kidev andrei ilarionovi
CATO institutidan, romelic qarTveli
JurnalistebisTvis yvelaze saintereso
iyo mTeli am ambidan. putinis yofili
mrCeveli presas swyalobda _ bakuriani-
dan pirdapiri CarTvac ki hqonda, Tum-
ca, sxva profesorebisgan gansxvavebiT,
grZeli saseminaro dRis Semdeg skolis
monawileebTan nakleb dros atarebda.
arada, saRamos cxra saaTze vaxSami iyo
mTeli ceremonia. ukve seminaris meore
dRes gaerTianda magidebi, gamoCnda suf-
raze wiTeli Rvino da Tan, arc meti arc
naklebi, jorj seljinis iniciativiT.
vest virjiniis universitetis pro-
fesori seljini seminaris monawileebma
yvelaze magar leqtorad misi pirvelive
leqciis Semdeg aRiares. seljinis leqci-
is manera iseTia, rom is erTsaaTian leq-
ciaze albaT minimum erT kilograms ik-
lebs wonaSi. mTeli leqcia iyo dinamiuri
performansi fulis arsze da rolze da
aravis egona, Tu seljini saerTod rame
sxvazec ilaparakebda. arada, vaxSmobisas
is hyveboda Tavis megobrebze, ojaxis
wevrebze, penelopeze _ mis ZaRlze da
bednieri iyo CvenTan yofniT mxolod imi-
tom, rom SeeZlo fexburTis, teqnikis da
ekonomikis garda, kidev rameze elaparaka
da kargi wiTeli Rvino daelia. leqciebze
ki profesori seljini isev Tavisufali
sabanko sistemis idealurobaze msj-
elobda da hyveboda ratom ver itans cen-
tralur da erovnul bankebs da bolos,
seminaris erT-erTi monawile, erovnuli
bankis TanamSromelic daiTanxma misi sam-
saxuris usargeblobaSi.
jorj seljini faqtobrivad unikal-
uri monetaruli ekonomistia. msoflioSi
isedac erTi muWaa Tavisufali sabanko
sistemis mxardamWeri ekonomistebi, ma-
gram seljini maT Sorisac gamoirCeva ul-
tramemarjveneobiT. seljins sjera, rom
Tavisufal bankebs sakuTari daurezerve-
beli fulis gamoSvebis ufleba unda hqon-
deT, anu banks unda SeeZlos survilisame-
br fulis beWdva, misi rame RirebulebiT
gamagrebis gareSe. erTi SexedviT, es idea
giJurad JRers, magram seljini da misi
kolega Lawrence H. White Zalian aqtiurad
da damajereblad asabuTeben am ideas mra-
vali publikaciiTa da wigniT.
rogorc seljins, ise seminarze
reportaJi
34 cxeli Sokoladi
mowveul sxva profesorebsac hqondaT
erTi sakuTari idea da saocari azartiT
cdilobdnen seminaris monawileebisT-
vis es idea gadaecaT. daaxloebiT ise,
Zalian darwmunebuli rom xar Sens si-
marTleSi, gancda rom gaqvs, TiTqos sx-
vas aravis esmis Seni, da Tu erTi Tana-
moazre mainc SeiZine, sul sxva azri da
stimuli rom eZleva Sen brZolas. Tu
seljini centralur bankebs ebrZoda,
marburgis universitetis profesori
stefan voigti erTi kvira laparakobda
kanonis uzenaesobis da fulis kavSirze,
sasamarTlos damoukideblobis da pirda-
piri demokratiis ekonomikur efeqtebze;
jorj meisonis universitetis profesori
donald bodro _ Sromis danawilebis da
vaWrobis sikeTeze; ekonomikur mecniere-
baTa evropuli institutis direqtori
pier garelo _ sazogadoebriv dovlaTsa
da saxelmwifo kompaniebis kontrolze.
Tumca yvela am leqciis da, Sesabamisad,
mTeli sazafxulo skolis idea iyo erTi
_ ufro patara mTavroba, naklebi regu-
laciebi, Tavisufali vaWroba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom yvela leqcias bevri kiTxva
mohyveboda, momeCvena, rom auditoria
Zalian kargad icnobda am ideebs da mis
safuZvlebsac inglisuri libertari-
anelebiT dawyebuli. ar vici es meramdene
seminari iyo liberaluri ekonomikis Te-
maze, romelsac me davswrebivar, magram
sul miCndeba xolme es grZnoba _ TiTqos
yvela yvelas icnobs, yvela Tanxmdeba
am ultraliberalur ideebze da es wre
Caketili ar aris, magram wlebis ganmav-
lobaSi didad arc farTovdeba.
zogadad kriteriumebi, romliTac
seminaris monawileebi irCevian, xSirad
ar aris erTi da igive, magram faqtia,
rom sazafxulo skolebis moswavleebi
warmatebuli studentebi, warmatebuli
sajaro moxeleebi an mkvlevrebi arian.
xSirad politikuri partiebis aqtiviste-
bic anu adamianebi, vinc an axlaa CarTuli
qveynis ekonomikur procesebSi raRac
doziT an potenciurad SeiZleba aseTad
iqces. ase iyo Tavisufali universitetis
sazafxulo skolis SemTxvevaSic: ekonomi-
kuri ganviTarebis saministros, erovnuli
bankis, iusticiis saministros TanamSrom-
lebi, wamyvani universitetebis studente-
bi, parlamentis aparatis TanamSromlebi
_ adamianebi, romlebic an ukve arian, an
momavalSi iqnebian gadawyvetilebis mim-
Rebi pirebi.
TavisTavad Tavisufali ekonomika Tu
kargad JRers da SeiZleba asidan oTx-
mocdacxramet gamvlels moswondes
is, am ideas Tu konkretul Semadgenel
nawilebad davSliT, darwmunebuli var,
mis gayidvas saqarTveloSi verc erTi
politikuri Zala ver SeZlebs. vin mogcems
xmas, Tu ityvi, rom ganaTleba fasiani
unda iyos mTlianad, rom pensias aravin
ar mogcems _ Sen TviTon unda gadainaxo
siberisTvis, rom aravin ar gadaixdis Sens
mkurnalobaSi fuls _ amisTvis arsebobs
kerZo samedicino dazRveva, rom aravin
ar gadagixuravT sacxovrebel korpuss _
mezoblebma unda izrunoT. kerZo sabanko
sistema, realuri decentralizacia, minu-
mumamde dayvanili mTavrobis funqciebi _
yvelafer amas jer qarTveli amomrCev-
lisTvis politikuri saxeli ar hqvia.
Tumca saqarTvelo am mxriv gamonak-
lisi ar aris. marTalia met-naklebad,
magram libertarianuli ideebiT politi-
kuri moZraobebi gansakuTrebuli popu-
larobiT iSviaTad sargebloben. mTeli
es msoflio moZraoba Tavisuflebis
libertarianuli Teoriis gasavrcele-
blad ideaSi qveynebis gamdidrebas isax-
avs miznad. raRac misioneruli moZrao-
bis msgavsia da iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba
adamians, TiTqos es saqveynod cnobili
profesorebi, romlebic msoflios wa-
myvani gamocemebisTvis weren da wamyvan
samecniero institutebSi moRvaweoben,
mxolod imitom midian sadRac saqarT-
veloSi, sadRac bakurianSi, rom ubralod
ufro met adamians miawodon sazogado
keTildReobis miRwevis maTeuli idea.
P.S. laSa Jvanias ekonomikis ministro-
bidan gaTavisuflebisas lado papavam
`rezonansTan~ interviuSi ganacxada: „ben-
duqizmma, rogorc ideologiam, gaimar-
jva!~ (interviu / l. papava; esaubra r. ma-
CaiZe // `rezonansi~, Tb., 2009, 22 agvisto,
N224, gv.1,16). benduqizmis mimdevrebmac
ar daayovnes da upasuxes, oRond Tavise-
burad _ iseve sasacilod, rogori sa-
saciloc es interviu moeCvenaT.
`viTvaliswinebT ra sazogadoebriv
interess, romelic eqspertma papavam
Cven mimarT yovelkvireuli sagazeTo
statiebiT, farTo wreebSi Cveni wyevla-
krulviT gaaRviva, gadavwyviteT, erTad
SevquCdeT~.
aseTi anotacia axlavs facebook-ze
jgufs, romelsac `benduqebi~ hqvia.
jgufs zustad asi wevri hyavs _ Jur-
nalistebi, kaxa benduqiZis megobrebi,
Tavisufali universitetis studentebi
da sazafxulo skolebis monawileebi.
jgufSi, romelSic wevrebis naxevari Cemi
megobaricaa, me ar var. ar vici, konkre-
tulad ra mizezis gamo, magram ratomRac
arasdros ar davaWire brZanebas `Join this
Group!~ Tumca jgufis devizs: `benduqe-
bo, yvela qveynisa SeerTdiT! gaxsovdeT:
Cveni Zala Cven erTobaSia~, absoluturad
veTanxmebi _ ideis Zala mis irgvliv gaer-
Tianebul adamianebSia, Tu, ra Tqma unda,
`benduqizms~ davarqmevT im ideologias,
romelsac es xalxi erTgulobs.
reportaJi
cxeli Sokoladi 35
dRes fSavi arc investorebs izida-
vs da arc raime axlisa da grandiozu-
lis wamowyebas apireben iq. fSavSi dRes
turizmic ki ar arsebobs. igi mxolod
barSi Camosul xatis ymebs, ramdenime
folkloristsa da ubralod am mxareze
Seyvarebul adamianebs axsovT. CemTvis
namdvili fSavi yovelTvis orwyali-
dan iwyeboda, gadauxvevdi marjvniv da
erTmaneTis miyolebiT gamoCndeboda
soflebi: Txiliana, cabaurTa, Suafxo,
gogolaurTa, bindaurTa, muqo, WiCo,
xoSara, axadi, ukanafSavi. 90-ianebis
dasawyisidan davdivar am mxareSi da
SemiZlia vTqva, rom fSavSi araferi
icvleba, mxolod gzebi Tu gaqrebian
xolme. Caxval da naxav, rom SarSandeli
gza ukve mdinaris pirasaa Casuli, wle-
vandeli ki es-esaa mowyda mTas da nel-
nela cdilobs gzas daemsgavsos.
fSavSi asvla welsac xatobis perio-
dSi momiwia. petre-pavlobis marxva
dasruldeba Tu ara, am mxareSi aTenge-
noba iwyeba, xatobebisa da dResaswau-
lebis gabmula xevisberiT, dasture-
biT, saklavebiT, sadideblebiTa da
ferxisaTi. 4 wlis win mec Sevwire cxva-
ri iaxsris xats, CaTqmulic amisrulda,
wels ki ukve laSaris jvars vestumre
qada-purebiT, aryiTa da sanTeliT.
adre fSavis xevi 12 Temad iyofoda
da es Temuri dayofa dResac narCunde-
ba. adre imazec saubrobdnen xolme, Tu
riTi iyo ganTqmuli TiToeuli es Temi:
gogolaurebisa Turme SairobiTa da
moswrebuli sityviT gamoirCeoda, WiCo-
elebi _ xvna-TesviT, wowkuraulebi _ bo-
rotebiT (maT Turme mucelgvelianebsac
uwodebdnen), ukanafSavlebi _ sicetiT,
gabidourebi _ gulgrilobiT, maTurle-
bi _ simamaciT, qistaurebi _ silamaziT,
uZilaurebi _ sisastikiT da Carglelebi
ki nadirobiT. rogorc giTxariT, Temis
principebi dResac Zlieria, miuxedavad
imisa, rom zogierTi sofeli mTlianad
dacarielebulia, zogierTSi ki erTi an
ori komliRa Tu cxovrobs. am siZlieres
pirvel rigSi salocavi uzrunvelyofs,
igi aerTianebs ̀ oqros Rilebs~ (legendis
mixedviT, ase iwodebian xatebis mier fSa-
vlebi). fSavSi dResac yvela xati moqme-
debs, dReobebze yvelgan gaismis droSis
zanzalakebis wkriali, xevisbrebis dalo-
cva, saklavis xma.
fSavi TiTqos axloa TbilisTan, magram
mainc Zalian Soria. sul raRac or sa-
aTSi SegiZlia Suafxomde misvla, magram
amis miuxedavad, iqaurebis cxovreba da
dardebi mainc Zalian gansxvavdeba Cveni
fiqrebisgan da sazrunavisgan. iq aravin
ganicdis media-terors, aravin kamaTo-
bs politikaze, axlo warsulSi momxdar
rame mniSvnelovan movlenaze ki igav-
araksaviT hyvebian. iq advilad mixvde-
biT, ra ufro saintereso da daZabulia,
obamasa da medvedevis Sexvedra Tu naca-
raSvilisa da SeTes (warsulis cnobili
mokafieebis) sityvieri paeqroba? romeli
ufro naRdia, gastronomSi, aTasi sakma-
ziT Cabasturmebuli braziliuri samwva-
de Tu Txilis Samfurze acmuli cvriani
mwvadi? ubralo da marTali sityva jobia
Tu mikibul-mokibuli? erTxel naTqvami
leqsi jobia Tu teleseriali?
henri devid toro maxsendeba, rome-
lic 170 wlis win daweril Tavis sauke-
Teso wignSi simartives asxamda xotbas da
cdilobda daverwmunebineT, aTasi saqmis
magier, ori an samisTvis mogvekida xeli,
milionobanasTvis Tavi dagvenebebina da
aTamde Tvlas davjerebodiT, radgan xe-
lisgulze yvelaferi kargad Cans. fSa-
velsac ase, xelisgulze aqvs yvelaferi,
erTi saqmis keTeba urCevnia bevris ga-
imogzaure saqarTveloSi
zarebis xma fSavis xevSi avtori: malxaz xarbedia
foto: gogita buxaiZe
36 cxeli Sokoladi
fuWebas, mcire amocanebs wyvets da ami-
tomac yovelTvis karg xasiaTzea.
am sityvebis werisas Zveli „droebisa“
da „iveriis“ is avtorebi gamaxsendnen,
romlebic saqarTvelos regionebis Se-
saxeb werdnen, xalxs axasiaTebdnen, wes-
Cveulebebze mogviTxrobdnen, danarCen
qveyanas acnobdnen ama Tu im kuTxes. isini
maSin pirvelebi iyvnen da maTi naweridan
igebdnen qalaqelebi, rom raWaSi Turme
Rorebi ZiriTadad qarTlidan ahyavdaT,
rom sofel muxranSi erTi vinme maxrCo-
bela vaWris xelSi iyo yvelaferi, rom
kardenaxi da bakurcixe duqnebs mihqon-
daT. albaT aseTive axali ambavi iyo 1888
wels vaJas statia „laSarobis“ Sesaxeb,
sadac tfilislebi bevr axal ambavs aR-
moaCendnen. samwuxarod, dResac asea,
dResac bevri ram rCeba iseTi saqarTve-
loSi, razec Cvenken arc araferi ician
da arc interesdebian. bevrma arc icis,
riTi cxovrobs fSaveli, ar ician ra aris
kvrivi, sajare, xatis qali, mowmindari,
nasxepi, dambal-xaWo. bevrs hgonia, rom
fSavSic blomad tarxuniT da axali tye-
mliT akeTeben Caqafuls da rom Ramis ga-
Teneba ukana fSavSi sastumroSi SeiZleba.
gasagebia, rom TuSeTSi ukve ramdeni-
me sastumro aSenda, sadac gadaixdi 50
an 100 lars da Rames gaaTeneb orjera-
di kvebiT, fSavSi ki isev ise, Zvelebu-
rad migiReben, ugasamrjelod da isev
uxerxulia dasva kiTxva: „yvels xo ar
momyididiT?“. TuSeTidan ukve ministre-
bi erTvebian pirdapir eTerSi, fSavSi
ki pirdapir getyvian TavianT azrs am
ministrebze. zogierT sofelSi sateli-
turi TefSebic udgaT, movlenebis saqmis
kursSic arian, Tumca, bevrisgan gansxva-
vebiT, aq wuwuns iSviaTad gaigonebT,
gansakuTrebiT xatobaSi. ramdenjerme
minaxavs xatSi amosuli romelime parla-
mentari, an mxaris gubernatori, magram
ar maxsovs vinmes rame eTxovos misTvis,
anda Tavis sufraze mxolod imisTvis
gadaepatiJebinos, rom iq sakuTar gasa-
Wirze elaparakos. xatSi yvela dros ata-
rebs, Zalze zustia vaJa-fSavela, roca
wers: „fSaveli ise arc erTs dReobaSi,
xatobaSi ar aris ganebivrebuli, rogorc
laSaris dReobaSi. yvelaferi xels uwyo-
bs am sinebivres...“. xoda, warmoidgineT,
adamiani, romelic cota xnis win RmerTs
axvewebda, wyalobas SesTxovda da amis
mere parlamentars raRa unda SesTxovos,
risTvis unda Seimoklos nebivroba?
imogzaure saqarTveloSi
fSavels kidev erTi Zalian arqauli da
amave dros Tanamedrove niSani gamoarCe-
vs. es manZilebis daZlevaa, problema, ro-
melic barSi mxolod Tanamedrove komu-
nikaciebma da siswrafem daZlia, mTaSi ki
iqaurebs arasdros uWirdaT didi manZi-
lebis dafarva. minda dagarwmunoT, rom
laSaridan fSaveli fexiT ufro male ga-
dava TianeTSi, vidre nebismieri Cvengani
romelime jipiT. igi gadagvaswrebs Tu-
SeTSic da xevsureTSic, fSaveli swrafia
da moqnili, zustad icis bilikebi da Ta-
visi SesaZleblobebi. swored amitomac,
mas srulyofili warmodgena aqvs Cvenze.
dro movida, Cvenc kargad gavicnoT fSa-
vi da fSavlebi.
www.georgia.travel
cxeli Sokoladi 37
ratom miyvars kinofestivalebze
siaruli? filmebis naxvis surviliT
var Sepyrobili-Tqo, _ rom giTxraT,
imedia damijerebT. marTla asea. ma-
gram, Tan mgonia, Cemi cxovreba ufro
mdidrdeba, rodesac ucxo qveyanaSi
7-10 dRis manZilze damkvirveblad ga-
daviqcevi xolme. ucxo qveyana, axali
personaJebi, SenTvis uCveulo deta-
lebi da TiTqos mobezrebuli, yovel-
dRiuri ambebi, romelsac sul sxva
kuTxiT akvirdebi. yoveldRe axal
adamians icnob, imaxsovreb maT saxe-
lebs da qveynebs. zogjer sasaubrod
qveynis mixedviTac arCev adamians da
elaparakebi, hyvebi raRacebs... mere
hop, da gverdze romeliRac kompanias
SeuerTdebi. ar mogewoneba? gamoxval
da sasaubro msxverpls ucebve amoi-
Reb mizanSi. momwons, rom aranairi
valdebuleba ar gawuxebs. mTavaria,
rom dRes iq xar, sadac yvela cdilo-
bs, karg xasiaTze iyos da problemebi
iq, Sors, saxlSi datovos. am dros
marto, sxva enaze molaparake xalxiT
garSemortymuli bevr aRmoCenas ake-
Teb. mere ukan brundebi da nanaxi Tu
mosmenili kidev didxans grCeba mex-
sierebaSi.
* * *
miSkolci ungreTis patara da lama-
zi qalaqia. 2-3-sarTuliani saxlebiT,
tramvais grZeli liandagebiT, ganaTe-
bis boZebze dakiduli xasxasa wiTeli
feris yvavilebiT da sruli siCumiT;
sadac adamianebi aqa-iq, kantikuntad
dadian da 5 wuTSi erTxel danaxuli
manqana, ratomRac, bednierebis Segr-
Znebas gitovebs. amitom dRemde mgo-
nia, rom miSkolcSi, yvelaze meti, 100
adamiani unda cxovrobdes, radgan
es aris qalaqi, sadac dRis nebismier
monakveTSi sakuTari nabijebis eqos
gaigoneb.
bargi farTxafurTxiT amovyare da
ornelas davureke, _ 20 wuTSi `dol-
Ce vitaSi~ Segxvdebi-Tqo. konsierJs
miSkolcis rukaze restornis adgili
sqeli wiTeli kalmiT Semovaxazine,
mere sastumros adgilzec wiTeli
rgoli davaxatine da gaferadebu-
li rukiT xelSi gareT gavedi. ukve
bneloda. ornelaze bevri araferi
vicodi, im dRes gavicani aeroport-
Si. magram im momentisTvis is CemTvis
erTaderTi nacnobi adamiani iyo da
amitom, amjerad dedasaviT vuyure-
bdi. Tumca, sicilieli ornela sul
ar hgavda de-s _ saSualo simaRlis,
gemrielad Caputkunebuli, abrdR-
vialebuli cisferi TvalebiT da ga-
melotebis pirveli niSnebiT. ornela
saocari aqcentiT melaparakeboda
xolme inglisurad da SigadaSig ita-
liur sityvebsac urTavda, ufro swo-
rad _ sityvebs ki ara, aRSfoTebul-
aRfrTovanebul wamoZaxilebs, rasac
xelebis umisamarTo savsavs ayolebda.
`dolCe vitaSi~ didi mondomebiT da-
vaTvaliereT safestivalo filme-
bis programa, qarTul-italiuradac
davurTeT mokle komentarebi da ar
vici, saidan movitane, uceb `rvafexa~
gamaxsenda _ italiuri seriali, ai is,
korado katani kargad rom kvdeboda
boloSi. auu, ramdenjer mqonda na-
naxi es sikvdilis scena... ramdeni mi-
tiria udrood wasul SeWaRaravebul
gamomZiebelze... filmi vaxsene Tu
ara _ `noo, miqele plaCido?~ _ uceb
werili ungreTidan
`industriuli~ qalaqi miSkolciavtori, foto: salome kikaleiSvili
38 cxeli Sokoladi
wamoiyvira ornelam da xelebi ze-
cisken aRapyro. mivxvdi, dRevandeli
sasaubro Tema plaCidosa da italiur
mafias ver gascdeboda. asec moxda.
simarTle rom vTqva, bevri araferi
damamaxsovrda. Tbilisi-stamboli-
budapeSti-miSkolcis sahaero sivr-
ceSi namgzavri, iseTi daRlili viyavi,
rom Tvalebi periodulad mexuWeboda
da mxolod italiuri wamoZaxilebi
mabrunebda realobasTan. magidaze
erTmaneTze mikruli gaciebuli spa-
geti medo, mgzavrobisgan dasiebuli
fexis TiTebs periodulad vaTamaSeb-
di da winidan Semelotebuli ornelas
damtvreuli inglisuri modioda, _
iakuZa, rusuli mafia, iakuZa, rusuli
mafia, iakuZa... aba, marto Cven ki ara...
magram winaswar ra vicodi, Tu fes-
tivalze Casuls Tema iakuZa-rusuli
mafia sanatreli gamixdeboda. pirve-
live dRes festivalis mTavari Tema
gamoikveTa _ Rorebi. Rorebi, rome-
lic ungruli filmebis umetesobis
mTavari Tema iyo, erTi tradiciis Se-
saxeb gviyveboda _ soflebSi ikribeba
raRac jgufi, romelic specialurad
asuqebs Rors, uvlis, zogi efereba ki-
dec, deviziT _ siyvarulSi gazrdils
ase ufro kargi xorci eqnebao da mere
kargad gamokvebil RorTan erTad
Wama-smis festivalze midian. mokled
mTeli Tavgadasavalia. festivalze,
romelic ungreTis sxvadasxva adgi-
las tardeba, soflidan Camodis xal-
xis jgufebi, romelTac konkretul
droSi unda moaswron Roris dakvla
da misgan kerZebis, sosisebis, sarde-
lebis damzadeba. iqve, iqve, yvelaferi
iqve xdeba. mere specialuri komisia am
yvelafers miirTmevs da gamarjvebul
gundsac asaxelebs. gamarjvebulebi
saCuqrad iReben mcired Tanxas da
diid oqrosfer medlebs. nu, tradi-
ciaa da! hoda es pirveli festivali
iyo, sadac yoveldRe mainc vnaxulo-
bdiT animaciur, mxatvrul Tu doku-
mentur filmebs Rorebis before/after istoriebze, romelTa reJisorebi,
mgoni, erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen imaSi,
Tu vin ufro naturalisturad asa-
xavda dakvlis scenas. bunebrivia, es
sanaxaoba darbazSi msxomi evropele-
bis aRSfoTebas iwvevda, xolo Jiuris
wevrebisgan gamudmebiT ismoda _ Oh, nooo more piigs, pleaseee. swored erT-
erTi aseTi before/after istoriis yure-
bis dros SemTxveviT sonias gavxede.
xelebi Tvalebze hqonda afarebuli
da Cabnelebul darbazSi marto misi
gafiTrebuli saxe moCanda. fineli
sonia bevrs ar laparakobda. sul ax-
senebda mis or Svils antons da mar-
lons da mis partniors, anu Cven enaze
_ qmars, romelic axla bavSvebs uvli-
da da romelsac sonia Zalian ena-
treboda. sonia yovel dilas 1 saaTi
yiraze dgomiT iwyebda da sul mimeo-
rebda, _ iogam damawynara, gamwmindao.
iogasTan erTad sonia vegetariane-
lic iyo, ar svamda, ar eweoda, cotas
laparakobda da Rorebze filmebs
gansakuTrebulad mwvaved aRiqvamda.
saxeze etyoboda. `es yvelaferi ve-
luroba da warmoudgeneli tkivilia,
_ miTxra morigi seansis Semdeg, _ ici,
damaviwyda, sad moxda, magram Rorebis
fermaSi eqsperimenti Caatares. ainte-
resebdaT, ras grZnobda Rori sikvdi-
lis dros. TiToeuls sensorebi mia-
magres da gamgudavi haeris gaSvebis
Semdeg testis pasuxebic miiRes, ris
Semdegac iqaurma personalma SvebiT
amoisunTqa. sensorebiT dafiqsirda,
rom Rori bednierad kvdeboda. ai, ase
unda xdebodes, Tumca saerTod... ara,
mainc velurobaa _ gaaxsenda Tavi-
si vegetarianeloba. ukve sastumros
vuaxlovdebodiT, rom sruliad dau-
fiqreblad davamate, _ sionSi bavSvo-
cxeli Sokoladi 39
baSi bevrjer minaxavs, rogorc kla-
vdnen Rors, da ai qaTmebic minaxavs
da Zroxac-Tqo... rasac sonias iseTi
gamoxedva mohyva, rom mivxvdi, jobda
uceb gamovmSvidobebodi da saswra-
fod dameZina. meore dRes ki sauzmi-
sas sul TavCaxrili vylapavdi wvri-
lad daqucmacebul lors.
_ oo, RmerTo Cemo, ras akeTebs es
qali, _ wamoiZaxa darbazSi Jiuris
prezidentis ronald berganis colma,
mas Semdeg rac 5 wuTi msxvili xediT
gvayurebinebdnen axalgazrda qalis
isteriul masturbacias. ronaldma,
rogorc WeSmaritma britanelma jen-
tlmenma, vardiferi SlapiT, xanSi Se-
sul cols mklavi gauyara da, _ wamo,
wamo, vivaxSmoTo, _ gaiyvana darbazi-
dan. me, sonia da eriki (Jiuris kidev
erTi wevri _ axalgazrda da Zalian
simpaTiuri frangi msaxiobi, romelsac
Tmebi raRacnairad haerSi hqonda ga-
SeSebuli da sul gaiZaxoda, _ me male
vbrundebi parizSi, bertran bliesTan
vmuSaob, ar mcalia, ar mcaliao) ki-
dev davrCiT im imediT, iqnebada amis
garda raime momxdariyo filmSi. sul
male ki vaxSamze gasul wyvils Sevuer-
TdiT. `dRes meniuSi aris kartofili
fri da Semwvari Rori~, _ gagvaxara
oficiantma. `isev Rori~, _ amoigmina
yvelam erTxmad. mere, rogorc xdeba
xolme, davsxediT did magidasTan da
yvelam Tavis qveyanaze morigeobiT
daiwyo moyola. rodesac Cemi jeri
dadga da garkveul kiTxvebs pasuxebi
gaveci, mere monologis dro dadga,
anu roca garSemo myofi xalxis cno-
bismoyvareobas akmayofileb da Sen
komentars Tu gulisnadebs daskvnis
saxiT akeTeb. swored am daskvnis dros
Tvalwin damidga wiTel pomadiani nai-
li maswavlebeli, romelic dReSi 20-
jer mainc gvimeorebda, _ ra gacine-
bT? ori aguri unda geWiroT xelSi
da TavSi irtyamdeTo. etyoba bolos
raRac iseTi xmiT vTqvi, rom yvela
gaisusa da aqeT-iqiT daiwyes yureba.
hei, _ Cemi sentimentaluri mdgomare-
oba uceb gamoacocxla ornelam Tavi-
si italiuri aqcentiT. iRimeboda da
raRac gansakuTrebulad bednierad
gamoiyureboda. momeCvena, rom Tmac
sxvanairad hqonda, ufro afuebulad.
`dakarguli bargi Camouvida~, _ mi-
Txra viRacam. im dRes Turme budapeS-
tidan sul pipin-pipiniT CamoutaniaT
ornelas ZlivsZlivobiT napovni bar-
gi, ris Semdegac bunebrivad bednieri
gamometyvelebis mqone ornela, dReSi
samjer mainc icvlida samoss. `es Cve-
ni wevria, fridrixi~, _ gamacno ase
80 wlis yurebamde gaRimebuli ger-
maneli. `sasiamovnoa~, _ miTxra germa-
nelma kbilis proTezebis 2-3-wuTiani
gasworebis Semdeg da gazebis gamoSve-
bis xmac daayola. op... dabneulma iZu-
lebiT gavuRime da mivesalme. magram
rodesac sul cota xanSi mivxvdi, rom
ucnauri xmebi fridrixis ucvleli
Tanmxlebi iqneboda, stumrebs male-
ve davemSvidobe da soniasTan erTad
qalaqis marketebSi biosakvebis Zebna
daviwye. mas mere ki, gulaxdilad unda
giTxraT, ramdenjerac fridrixs da-
vinaxavdi, maSinve sul gverdze quCaze
gadavdiodi xolme. SeiZleba uzrde-
lobaa, magram mainc ase varCie.
im dRes saRamos seansebi, sul gu-
lis amaCuyebel filmebs daeTmo.
evropa xom, ukve didi xania, giJdeba:
landSafti _ udabno, filmis gmire-
bi _ 40-s mitanebuli, erTmaneTisgan
gaucxoebuli wyvili, dialogi _ mini-
mumamde dayvanili, kamera _ caxcaxe-
bs... mokled, soniasTan erTad nayid
bioproduqtebs Cumad vaxramunebdi
da vuyurebdi filmebs ukacrieli
adgilebiT, gzaabneuli adamianebiT,
gamWol mzerebs, mSoblebis uyura-
werili ungreTidan
40 cxeli Sokoladi
dRebobiT gaborotebul bavSvebs da
bax, bax, sisxlian finalebs. kinodan
rom gamovediT, sonias xma ar amou-
Ria. mivxvdi, ekranze nanaxma sastik-
ma `realobam~ isev imoqmeda. gverdze
kmayofili saxiT megobar gogonebTan
erTad abanoSi naWyumpalavebi eri-
ki mogvyveboda. `ai, CvenTan es didi
problemaa, _ gaaxsenda uceb sonias, _
magaliTad, rodesac adamianebi avto-
busSi adian, Tu carieli skami naxes,
jdebian, Tu arada, aravis miujdebian
gverdiT. martoebi arian da civebi _
aseTebi varT. da rom icode, CvenTan
yvelaze xSiria TviTmkvlelobebi~, _
miTxra da Cabnelebul skverSi Segro-
vil xalxs gaxeda, sadac yovel SabaT-
kviras laTino musikas rTavdnen da
saxalxo cekvebi imarTeboda.
etyoba imdeni kiTxva davusviT
festivalis erT-erT organizators
transportis Sesaxeb, rom nikolasma
Cveni gidoba iZulebiT aiRo Tavze da
sul male me da awowili sonia Zve-
li sitroenis fanjridan vaTvalie-
rebdiT qalaqs. vnaxeT koSki, rome-
lic odesRac sakmaod did nagebobas
warmoadgenda; sadac mefe didi lui
wveulebebs marTavda, omebze giJde-
boda da sul Cxubobdao. mere vnaxeT
is, ris gamoc vikipediaSi miSkolci
industriul qalaqad moixsenieba.
uzarmazar metalurgiul qarxanaSi,
romelic me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi
aSenebula, 20 aTasi adamiani muSao-
bda. qarxanaSi momuSaveebisTvis spe-
cialurad iyo aSenebuli aguris sa-
xlebi, hospitali, skola, eklesia...
mokled, es iyo qalaqi qalaqSi. Tu-
mca sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg
qarxanac daixura da 20 aTasi adamia-
nic quCaSi aRmoCnda. dRes ki xavs-
mokidebuli, gaZvaltyavebuli rkinis
monstri miSkolcelebisTvis stumre-
bisTvis saCvenebel da Zveli dide-
bis gasaxsenebel adgilad iqca. esec
axlad aSenebuli universiteti, esec
meria, esec Cveni kafeebi... mokled,
nikolasma sul hop-hopiT Semogvata-
ra patara qalaqi. ho, kafeebze ar da-
maviwydes. Tu ungreTSi Camongreul,
upatrono Zvel nagebobas naxavT, Se-
giZliaT SexvideT da kafe gaxsnaT.
anu sanam Senobas raimes mouxerxeben,
Tqven SegiZliaT misi baton-patroni
gaxdeT. hoda iciT, ra lamazia kar-
fanjris gareSe, aguris Zvel Senobe-
bSi gaxsnili kafeebi? martivi da sada
dizainis myudro adgilebi, saidanac
5 wuTSi erTxel Camaval manqanas xe-
dav. isic vifiqre, aseTi raRac Tbi-
lisSi rom gaxsna, albaT aravin Seva,
ase ityvian _ remonti jer ar damTa-
vrebulao. eh.
`mapatieT, Tu SeiZleba, erTi wu-
TiT SegayovnebT~, _ yovelTvis ase
iwyebda laparaks festivalis dire-
qtori, romelic aucileblad Warxa-
liviT wiTldeboda da momdevno 4
wuTi mainc fers intensiurad inar-
Cunebda. ronaldma isic ki Tqva _
sanTliT rom eZebo, festivalis aseT
morcxv direqtors versad waawyde-
bio. tibors xelebi mudam fexebis
gaswvriv, muStad hqonda Sekruli da
TavCaxrili dadioda. Soridan gadi-
debul msxals waagavda da darbazis
kuTxeSi ise aituzeboda xolme, rom
Zalian unda Segekavebina Tavi, an Ta-
vze ar gadagesva xeli _ kargi biWi,
kargi biWis ZaxiliT, an loyaze ar ge-
Cqmita. ̀ xval diliT Cven cnobil aba-
noebSi mivdivarT da wamobrZandiT,
gTxovT~, _ miTxra da TavCaxrili
gabrunda. nuu kargi, radgan mTxovT-
Tqo... wavedi. dilis 8 saaTze ikarus-
Si agvyares da sul male miSkolcis
RirsSesaniSnaobac gamoCnda.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 92
cxeli Sokoladi 41
saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi ukve ise
damZimda, rom Tu saSualeba maqvs,
Tbilisidan maSinve, dauyovnebliv
gavrbivar xolme, rogorc ki sadme,
Tundac ramdenime dRiT mepatiJe-
bian da baTumSi erTi kviriT miwvevam
da Tanac saerTaSoriso kinofesti-
valze, marTla Zalian gamaxara. Tvi-
Ton sityva dedaqalaqic ki, iseTi
saSinlad agresiuli gaxda, rom Tu
mas sxvagan ar gadaitanen, amden ua-
ryofiT energias Tbilisi albaT ve-
Rar gauZlebs da erT dResac siZul-
vilisagan gaskdeba. baTumSi ki
yvelaferi mixaroda bavSviviT da
yvelaferi Zalian momwonda, radgan
iq iyo mTavari, rac TbilisSi aRar
arsebobs da mzec iseve mamSvidebda,
rogorc wvima. kinofestivalis mTa-
var darbazSi, filmebis Cvenebisas
(wvimian dReebSi), saxuravidan Camo-
suli wyalic ki sasiamovnod mawyna-
rebda, miuxedavad imisa, rom Cemi
nervuli sistema (danamdvilebiT
vici) aseT wveTovan ganadgurebas
(Tanac Weridan), Tbilisis vercerT
kinoTeatrSi ver gauZlebda. iq ki mi-
xaroda, Tundac imitom, rom viyavi
baTumSi, veswrebodi mSvenier kino-
festivals da mqonda imis SesaZle-
bloba, rom did ekranze menaxa mar-
Tla kargi filmebi. CasvlisTanave,
rogorc ki festivalis afiSaze, nu-
meraciis arabuli fexebiT aRmniSv-
neli reklama vnaxe, maSinve mivxvdi,
rom baTumis saerTaSoriso kino-
festivalis organizatorebi niWieri
adamianebi iyvnen da oficialurad ki
maspinZel organizacias `art-hausi~
hqvia. rasakvirvelia mxolod niWi da
survili sulac ar aris sakmarisi
aseTi kinofestivalis Casatareblad
da `art-hauss~ baTumis meria da ki-
dev ramdenime organizaciac exmare-
boda, magram mTavari mainc im adamia-
nebis mondomeba iyo, vinc gadawyvita,
rom baTums aucileblad unda hqon-
des Tavisi kinofestivali. metic,
Cveni mokrZalebuli azriT, baTums
araTu unda hqondes kargi saerTaSo-
riso festivali, aramed baTumi unda
iyos kidec msoflioSi ganTqmuli
saerTaSoriso safestivalo qalaqi,
radgan baTumi, rogorc cnobili ku-
rorti, samwuxarod verasodes iar-
sebebs vercerT saerTaSoriso ruka-
ze, Tundac im martivi mizezi gamo,
rom kargi sakurorto amindi sezo-
nis dros (rogorc wesi) aq mxolod
or kviras grZeldeba. marTalia yve-
la wess gamonaklisic aqvs da wels
(magaliTad), mze aWaraSi, uwyvetad
da gadabmulad, Cvidmeti dRis man-
Zilzec ki anaTebda, magram es imde-
nad iSviaTi moulodneloba iyo, rom
baTumis kaSkaSa mzes, mxolod mezo-
beli somxeTidan Camouswres ual-
ternativo damsveneblebma. Tumca
sakurorto amindisagan gansxvave-
Suquraavtori: daTo turaSvili
foto: levan kakabaZe
werili baTumidan
42 cxeli Sokoladi
biT, aq mudmivad aris safestivalo
amindi da baTumSi ukve imdeni da Ta-
nac iseTi didi sastumroebia, rom
SegviZlia erTdroulad (mTeli wlis
ganmavlobaSi) ramdenime saerTaSo-
riso festivalsac ki vumaspinZloT.
Tu baTumi marTlac iqceva safesti-
valo qalaqad, im grandiozuli sas-
tumroebis aSenebasac (nawilobriv
mainc) gamarTleba eqneba da saqar-
TveloSi decentralizaciis auci-
lebeli procesic nel-nela daiwye-
ba. Tu Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli
literaturuli Tu sportuli, kul-
turuli Tu socialuri energiis ga-
danawileba ar moxdeba im sabWouri
koncentraciis dasaSlelad, rome-
lic bolSevikebma dedaqalaqSi xe-
lovnurad Seqmnes, Cvengan evropuli
tipis saxelmwifos Seqmna Zalian Zne-
li iqneba. evropisken mimaval gzaze,
rasakvirvelia sxva kidev bevri da-
brkoleba da barieri gveRobeba, ma-
gram Cveni umTavresi problema mainc
mentaluria da roca Cveni sabWouri
cnobiereba Seicvleba, Cveni yofac
ukeTesi gaxdeba. amitomac maxarebs
nebismieri mSenebloba (Tbilisis
garda), magram im baTumelebisac kar-
gad mesmis, visac axali da ase ganax-
lebuli baTumi ar moswons _ Zvel
baTumelebs iseTi baTumi axsovT,
romelic maTTvis yvelaze Zvirfasi
da sayvarelia da maTTvis im qalaqs
veRaraferi Secvlis. is Zveli baTu-
mi (piradad) mxolod fotoebze mina-
xavs da SeiZleba amis gamoc, yvela-
nairi mSenebloba mainc maxarebs da
mainc aSeneba mirCevnia dangrevas da
ukeTesi gemovnebis molodiniT cxo-
vreba, marTla Znelia. maT, vinc Zvel
baTumsa Tu Zvel Tbiliss aSenebdnen
(damkveTebsac da Semsruleblebsac),
Cvenze ukeTesi gemovneba hqondaT
(Tundac imitom rom sabWoTa saqar-
TveloSi ar ucxovriaT) da Cvenze
patiosani adamianebic iyvnen (Tun-
dac imave), zemoTqmuli mizezis
gamo. saqarTvelos Semdeg xelisu-
flebasac ukeTesi gemovneba im Se-
mTxvevaSi eqneba, Tu momavali saqar-
Tvelos damkveTebi (ara mxolod
arqiteqturaSi), imaze ukeTesebi iq-
nebian, vidre Cven varT. adamiani ki,
ukeTesi rom gaxdes (wignebis waki-
Txvaze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT), be-
vri kargi filmi mainc unda naxos
(yovelgvari xumrobis, didaqtikisa
da paTetikis gareSe) da baTumis meo-
Txe saerTaSoriso kinofestivalze,
marTla bevri kargi filmi iyo. kar-
gi filmiT daiwyo kidec festivali
da es siamovneba, festivalis dasru-
lebamde, arc mogvklebia da pirve-
lad Jiuris Tavmjdomaris, cnobili
holandieli reJisoris, ios stelin-
gis arasakonkurso filmi vnaxeT. Ta-
vad reJisors SeiZleba arc ufiqria
imis Sesaxeb, rom misi filmis siuJe-
ti (romelsac `duSka~ hqvia), Zalian
hgavs ruseT-saqarTvelos urTier-
Tobis oraswlovan istorias, magram
filmisagan gansxvavebiT, am urTier-
TobaSi araferia sasacilo da Rimi-
lis momgvreli. ios stelings ki
(alag-alag), iumoris iseTi mSvenieri
grZnoba aRmoaCnda, rom darbazmac
gulwrfelad isiamovna misi kino-
xumrobebis gamo da piradad rac ar
momewona, filmis proeqciis xarisxi
iyo. SeiZleba me ver gaverkvie fes-
tivalis teqnikur TaviseburebebSi
da aseve zogierTi sxva filmis Cvene-
bisas SemCneuli wunic, sulac ar iyo
werili CexeTidan
cxeli Sokoladi 43
cudi proeqciis brali. Tumca Tavad
kino iseTi didi siamovnebaa CemTvis,
rom nebismieri xarvezis miuxedavad,
baTumis festivali mxolod Zalian
dadebiT movlenad mimaCnia da imedia
rom momavalSi, arcerTi umniSvnelo
pretenziac ki aRar iarsebebs. yve-
laze pretenziuli ki (amindis mi-
marT), mainc laSa baqraZe iyo, ro-
melsac festivalis mesame dRes,
mobilur telefonze mexi daeca. im
diliT polonuri filmebis Cveneba
daiwyo da vinaidan polonelebs ise-
dac Tavi qudSi aqvT da tani ki
evrokavSirSi, laSam SuadRisas ga-
reT gasvla gadawyvita da adgilo-
brivma klimaturma Taviseburebamac
mas, swored am dros umtyuna _ mexi
pirdapir mobilurze daeca. arc vi-
codi Tu telefonis uwyinari sim-
baraTi mexs izidavda (Tanac Sxui-
liT) da Turme Weqa-quxilis
SemTxvevaSi, mobiluri aucileblad
unda gamorTo. arada im dRes iseTi
xmauriT wvimda, rom cidan mgoni
marTla bayayebi cviodnen da mobi-
luris CarTvas ki, azri isedac ar
hqonda. mokled laSa baqraZe Zlivs
gadarCa, radgan aWaraSi mogexsene-
baT rom ZiriTadad qviani napiria da
laSas kidev cota xans rom efarTxa-
la, mezobel guriaSi dagvWirdeboda
misi gadayvana qviSaSi Casaflobad.
polonuri filmebis programa ki
sakmaod mravalferovani iyo da ba-
TumSi polonuri kinoklasikac aCve-
nes da Tanamedrove kinoproduq-
ciac, romelsac TviTon poloneTis
saelCo warmoadgenda xolme, da ba-
TumSi Tavad qSiStof zanusic ki Ca-
mobrZanda. yvelaze saintereso pro-
grama, mgoni, mainc britanelebs
hqondaT, magram inglisur kinoze me-
tad, aRmosavleTi mainteresebda
(mainc) da gansakuTrebiT ki axali
iranuli filmebis naxva mindoda.
TviTon im filmebis reJisorebic ba-
Tumis festivalis stumrebi iyvnen
da Tanac iseTi lamazebi, rom maTTan
dalaparakebac ki ver gavbede. arada
iraneli qalebis gacnoba Zalian min-
doda Tundac maTi mosmenis mizniT
da siamovnebiT movusmendi kidec
maT mrgvali magidis garSemo, Tu
amis SesaZlebloba gveqneboda. ra-
sakvirvelia festivalis stumrebsa
da monawileebs bevrjer hqondaT ki-
dec dialogisa da maslaaTis saSua-
leba, magram es ZiriTadad bankete-
bze xdeboda, me ki banketebs iseTive
mondomebiT veridebi, rogorc qar-
Tul politikas. arada rom mqonoda
maTTan gasaubrebis saSualeba, ira-
nelebs yvelaze naklebad swored po-
litikaze davelaparakebodi, radgan
sparselebi imdenad kargi poetebi
arian, rom zogjer cudi politiko-
sebi gamoerevaT xolme da poezia ki
yovelTvis saukeTeso hqondaT. SeiZ-
leba im zRapruli literaturis ga-
vlena ganapirobebs kidec iranuli
kinos poeturobas, romelic saerTa-
Soriso kliSeebis sapirispirod, Za-
lian Tanamedrovea da dRevandeli
iranelebic radikalurad gansxvav-
debian im stereotipuli warmodge-
nisagan, romelsac maT Sesaxeb mTels
msoflioSi qmnian. kinomsoflio ki
interess, ara mxolod iranuli, ara-
med Turquli filmebis mimarTac
sakmarisad iCens da amas albaT Tur-
qebic aSkarad grZnoben da Turquli
kinos kvireulic baTumSi iseTi zar-
zeimiT gaxsnes, rom Turqul filme-
werili baTumidan
44 cxeli Sokoladi
bs namdvilad ver gamovtovebdi. Ti-
Tqmis yvelaferi vnaxe kidec da maT
Soris gansakuTrebiT momewona nuri
jeilanis `sami maimuni~ da ieSim us-
taoRlus `pandoras yuTi~. momewona
ozCan alperis `Semodgomac~ da am
filmis mimarT didi interesi Cemsa-
viT uamrav baTumelsac hqonda, rad-
gan am Turqul filmSi mTavar rols
axalgazrda qarTveli msaxiobi, mSve-
nieri megi kobalaZe asrulebs. misi
personaJi mezobel qveyanaSi moRvawe
qarTveli putankaa da Turq reJi-
sors arc araferi mougonia, radgan
TurqeTis mxolod erT-erT vi-
laieTSi (Tanac arasruli monaceme-
biT), ocdaaTi aTasi qarTveli qalia
dakavebuli araelitaruli prosti-
tuciiT. marTalia Cven im qveyanaSi
vizrdebodiT, sadac sadRegrZeloe-
bis mixedviT, yvelaze kdemamosili
qalebi cxovrobdnen, magram rogorc
ki realoba Seicvala, qarTveli qa-
lebic Seicvalnen da zogierTebi ga-
bozdnen kidec. aRmoCnda, rom qar-
Tveli qalic adamiania da qarTvel
kacebs Soris ki iseTi samarcxvinoe-
bic aRmoCndnen, romlebmac ojaxe-
bze zrunva mTlianad colebs mian-
des da TviTon ki taxtebze wamowvnen.
radgan uZvelesi profesia vaxseneT,
barem medeas ambavsac aqve vityvi,
romelsac ugrZelesi Zegli zustad
im moedanze, im kinoTeatris win
daudges, sadac baTumis kinofesti-
vali mimdinareobda. TavisTavad es
moedani, mgoni bevrs moswons Tun-
dac imitom, rom yvelaze metad hga-
vs romelime patara qalaqis mTavar
saseirno adgils romelime evropul
qveyanaSi, Tumca, Cveni subieqturi
azriT, medea aq, ubralod zedmetia.
rasakvirvelia Zveli kolxeTisa da
maT Soris fazisis identifikaciis
Sesaxeb mec wamikiTxavs da sxvebiviT
mec mifiqria, rom SeiZleba fazisi
Woroxi ufro iyo, vidre rioni (da
Sesabamisad medeac baTumeli ufroa,
vidre quTaiseli), magram strate-
giuli Tu ara, pragmatuli Tvalsa-
zrisiT mainc, medeas Zegli quTaisSi
unda dagvedga (vaida parlamenti
arc gadaitanon). miT umetes im Se-
mTxvevaSi, Tu medea saerTaSoriso
brendia, misi adgili quTaisSi
ufroa, radgan baTumi zRvispira sa-
porto qalaqia da misi ganviTarebac
(Tundac amitom, foTis ar iyos)
mainc gardauvalia.
gardauvalia nebismieri procesic,
romelsac sinamdvileSi dro war-
marTavs da Zveli baTomic, rogorc
am qalaqs kako ZnelaZis guruli
winaprebi uwodebdnen, iseve veRar
iarsebebs, rogorc Zveli tfilisi,
romlis dakargvac daviT kakabaZem
jer kidev 1920 wels iwinaswarmetyve-
la. sxvaTa Soris, 1921 wlis Semdeg,
mTeli samocdaaTi wlis ganmavlo-
baSi, yvelas Tu ara, uamrav Turqs
mainc (xmamaRla Tu ara, Cumad mainc)
qarTvelebis SurdaT kidec, radgan
maT egonaT, rom sabWoTa saqarTve-
loSi marTla socializmi iyo. isini
darwmunebulebic iyvnen, rom bed-
nieri qarTvelebi socializmSi cxo-
vrobdnen da roca sazRvrebi gaixsna
da amdeni gaubedurebuli qarTveli
aRmoaCines, memarcxeneebs Soris sa-
Sineli imedgacruebac gaCnda Tur-
qeTSi da ozCan alperma aseTi fil-
mic gadaiRo.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 93
werili baTumidan
cxeli Sokoladi 45
istoria
`qalaqSi cxovrebis ufleba esaa
Sexvedrebisa da azrTa gacvlis-
Tvis saWiro adgilis qonis ufleba,
esaa cxovrebis sxvadasxva riTmis
ufleba; ufleba, romelic gaZlevs
unars, bolomde gamoiyeno sivrce
da momentebi. es aris ufleba da-
saxlde, da icxovro ise, rom qala-
qs ukan araferi daubruno. es aris
ufleba, gqondes Seni sivrce da ara
mxolod flobde raRacas~, - ambob-
da anri lefevri.
lefevris Tanamedrove qalaqis
koncefcia, romelic SeiZleba ze-
dmetad romantikuli da sentimen-
taluri geCvenoT, Zalian myar da
konkretul ideas _ pirovnebis Ta-
visuflebis dacvas eyrdnoba.
rogoria is garemo, romelSic
Cven vcxovrobT? ris uflebas gva-
Zlevs qalaqi, da rogor ikiTxeba
masSi Cveni Tavisuflebis xarisxi?
am Temaze kidev erTxel maSin da-
vfiqrdi, rodesac `imelis~ Senobis
dangrevis Sesaxeb gavige. `imelis~
win im dRes saprotesto aqcia gai-
marTa, romelzec asamde adamiani
mivida. bolo dros aseTi ramdenime
aqcia iyo. Tumca urbanuli diskur-
si mainc ver ascda lokalur qala-
qmSeneblobis Secdomebs da nakle-
bad exeba gacilebiT mniSvnelovans,
im konteqsts, rasac am faqtebis
erToblioba qmnis.
qalaqi da zogadad urbanuli
garemo socialur inteleqts ga-
moxatavs. modernizmis xanis isto-
rikosebi ambobdnen, rom arsebobs
Zalian mkveTrad gamoxatuli ka-
vSiri esTetikur da kulturul
procesebsa da urbanuli garemos
cvlilebebs Soris. qalaqi fiziku-
rad gamoxatavs drois, epoqebis, sa-
xelmwifo sistemebis, ideologie-
bis da sazogadoebis cvlilebebs.
sivrcis organizebis swori aRqma ki
mxolod imis gaazrebaa, rom qalaqi
sxva araferia, Tu ara TviTon sazo-
gadoeba.
urbanisti da arqiteqturis mec-
nierebaTa doqtori koka amirejibi
erTdroulad Tbilisis ganviTare-
bis istoriis mkvlevari da mowmea.
swored mas vTxove esaubra imaze,
Tu rogor icvleboda dedaqalaqis
saxe imis mixedviT, qaosi marTavda
urbanul procesebs, adamianebi Tu
epoqa. misi interviu erTdroulad
qalaqis da im sazogadoebis isto-
riaa, vinc es saarsebo sivrce Seqmna.
_ Tbilisi me-19 saukunis dasa-
wyisSi ufro aziuri qalaqi iyo.
nariyalas ferdze mifenili baniani
saxlebiT. maSin kala iyo centra-
luri ubani. qalaqSi ganjis gza
Semodioda. ganjis kariT xvdebod-
nen savaWro qaravnebi nariyalaze.
da iqidan abanoTubanze iSleboda
xedi, marjvena mxares kalas uba-
ni xvdeboda, marcxniv nariyala _
baniani saxlebi, baRebi, sioni da
samefo ubani. Tbilisi ulamazes
qalaqad iTvleboda. es gza dRes
dakargulia. mxolod patara mo-
nakveTia _ dRevandeli griSaSvilis
quCa. meore monakveTi _ mirza Safis
nawili iyo, romelic botanikur
baRSi iWreboda da romlis mniSv-
nelovani nawili mirza Safis rea-
bilitaciis proeqtma Seiwira. erTi
sityviT, ganjis gza aRar arsebobs.
gza, romliTac TbilisSi aRamahmad
xani Tavisi jariT bolo Semosevis
dros Semovida.
Zvel TbilisSi baniani saxlebi
idga. erTis terasa momdevno sa-
xlis saxuravi iyo, misi kidev mom-
devnosi da ase Semdeg. saxlebis
sul sami ZiriTadi tipi Sendeboda
_ baniani, darbazis tipis gvirgvi-
niT da koSkura. arc erTi maTgani
aRar SemogvrCa.
dRemde SemorCenili Zveli Tbili-
si, eklesiebis garda, me-19 saukunis
kapitalisturi Tbilisia. droda-
dro icvleboda Tbilisis ganviTa-
rebis riTmi da me am ciklis sami
ZiriTadi faza gamovyavi. esenia _
intensiuri ganviTarebis faza, ro-
melsac evolucia vuwode, mere dge-
ba revoluciuri gardatexis perio-
di, da mesame _ involuciuri faza,
ukuganviTareba. me-19 saukunis Sua
periodSi Tbilisi ufro sparsul-
somxuri qalaqi iyo da sul 40-50
aTasi mosaxle cxovrobda, saukunis
bolos mosaxleobis ricxvma 200-300
aTass miaRwia. male Tbilisi region-
Si ekonomikur, finansur centrad
iqca. gaCnda baqo-baTumi navTobsa-
deni, ganviTarda rkinigzac, aSenda
baqo-foTi da baqo-baTumis rkini-
gzis xazi. aman uzarmazari biZgi
misca qalaqis ganviTarebas. Tbilis-
Si saxldeboda somxuri, azerbaija-
nuli elita, yalibdeboda Tbilisu-
ri aristokratia. anu es iyo Zalian
aqtiuri ganviTarebis faza, rome-
lic mospo pirvelma msoflio omma.
rogor icvleba es kapitalisturi
Tbilisi saqarTvelos sovietiza-
ciasTan erTad?
esaa qalaqis involuciis faza.
mokvda infrastruqturuli obie-
qtebi, finansuri operaciebi, fulis
avtori: nino lomaZe
foto: daviT mesxi
qalaqi _ TviTon sazogadoeba
cxeli Sokoladi 47
istoria
mimoqcevebi, daixura sawarmoebi,
xalxi gavida qalaqidan. ase gagrZel-
da 1925-1927 wlamde, sanam sabWoTa
sistemam Zala moikriba da daiwyo
ukve ganviTarebis sabWoTa periodi.
30-ian wlebSi sabWoTa administracia
aqtiurad aviTarebda qalaqs genera-
luri gegmiT _ aSenda didi sazoga-
doebrivi Senobebi, mTavrobis saxli,
`imelis~ Senoba, xidebi, sanapiroebi.
yvelaferi icvleba meore msoflio
omis periodSi, isev revoluciurad.
Semdegi revoluciuri faza ukve
perestroikis droa. am dromde
Tbilisi aqtiurad viTardeboda,
gansakuTrebiT 60-70-ian wlebSi,
rodesac aSenda uzarmazari sa-
cxovrebeli masivebi, saburTalo,
gldani, diRmis masivi, Temqa. ko-
munistebi weliwadSi saSualod 2-3
milion kvadratul metr sacxovre-
bel farTs aSenebdnen. magram 80-ian
wlebSi sabWoTa kavSiris krizisis
gamo uZraobis periodi iwyeba da
qalaqi wyvets ganviTarebas.
rogor iyenebda komunisturi sis-
tema sivrciT mowyobas sakuTari
ideologiis gasamyareblad?
mokled getyviT, rogori Tbilisi
Caibara sabWoTa sistemam. sovieti-
zaciamde mosaxleoba proeqtebs qa-
laqis upravaSi yidulobda. am dros
aristokratia individualuri pro-
eqtebiT iSenebda saxlebs. swored
amitom gaCnda TbilisSi ucxoeli
arqiteqtorebis mTeli `pleada~.
isini sazogadoebis mdidari fenis
saxlebs aproeqtebdnen _ Sinkevici,
bilfeldi, zalcmani, simonsoni da
a.S. am epoqaSi, masobrivi mSeneblo-
bac Zalian saintereso iyo. mosax-
leobam TviTon monaxa organuli da
originaluri forma da sacxovre-
bel saxlebSi sivrceebis organize-
bis Taviseburi ierarqia gaCnda. iyo
`sacxovrebeli oTaxi~, saerTo ga-
lerea, romelsac mezoblebTan iyo-
fdnen, igive SuSabandi da mere ezo.
ezos Zalian didi mniSvneloba hqon-
da, rogorc socialuri kontaqtebis
sivrces. ezos miRma ukve quCa iyo.
am erTian sivrceSi izrdeboda Zve-
li Tbiliseli. aseTi ramdenime er-
Teulis erToba ayalibebda ubans.
yvelam icoda, sad iwyeboda da sad
mTavrdeboda ubani. sabWoTa perio-
dSi es yvelaferi daikarga.
iyo meore mniSvnelovani faqto-
ri, eTnikuri ubnebi. me-19 saukunis
TbilisSi es ubnebi jer kidev ar-
sebobda _ seidabadi, abanoTubani,
nariyala, isani, avlabari, krwani-
si, orTaWala. sololakSi mdidari
somxebi cxovrobdnen, SedarebiT
Raribebi _ avlabarSi, TaTrebi _
TaTrebis moedanze, ebraelebi sina-
gogis irgvliv, malaknebis bazarTan
rusebi, germanelebi plexanovze,
Zveli aleqsanderdorfis terito-
riaze. eTnikuri ubnebi namdvilad
iyo demokratiuli wyobis Canasaxi.
sabWoTa xelisuflebisTvis ub-
nuri solidaroba da adgilobrivi
iniciativebi saSiSi tendencia iyo.
administraciisTvis yvelaze mniS-
vnelovani mosaxleobis kontroli
iyo da sivrciT organizebasac amis-
Tvis iyenebda. komunistur ideolo-
gias araferi socialuri ar unda
dapirispireboda. eTnikuri ubani
maTTvis swored am saSiSroebas war-
moadgenda. ubanSi adamianebi sivr-
ces akontrolebdnen. iq arsebobda
TviTorganizebis da TviTmmarTve-
lobis elementebi. amitom komunis-
tebma, xalxis dezintegraciis miz-
niT, masobrivi mSenebloba daiwyes _
aSenda axali raionebi da sxvadasxva
eTnosis xalxi iq gafantulad daasa-
xles. eTnikuri ubnebi daikarga.
imas, rasac holandieli urbanis-
ti konstanti akulturaciis zonebs
uwodebs, aqtiuri, socialuri si-
vrceebia. ZiriTadad qalaqis Zveli
ubnebia, sadac ar arsebobs sazRvari
socialur fenebs Soris, sadac am
mravalferovan xalxis masas Zalian
intensiuri komunikacia aqvs. kons-
tanti ambobs, rom swored es konta-
qtia axali kulturuli da socialu-
ri procesebis mTavari mamoZravebeli
muxti. amitomac, biurokratebis ume-
tesoba (radgan biurokratebi marTa-
ven sazogadoebas) mudam erCoda am
teritoriebs. magaliTad marselSi,
nacistebma Zveli porti daangries,
rom am sivrciT Sekrul mosaxleobas
naklebi winaaRmdegoba gaewia. sabWo-
Ta administracia Tu cdilobda Zve-
li Tbilisis ubnebis ganadgurebas _
igive mizniT, anu Tbilisis urbanuli
qsovilis xelovnurad daSlas?
dRes rom vfiqrob, vxvdebi, rom
komunistebi cdilobdnen Zveli Tbi-
lisis ubnebi Tavisi bunebrivi si-
kvdiliT momkvdariyo. xalxs ar aZ-
levdnen saSualebas, sakuTari saxli
SeekeTebinaT, ukrZalavdnen. cxadia,
TviTonac arafers akeTebdnen. ram-
denjerme moxda fasadebis gadaRebva
_ rekonstruqciis imitacia, sazoga-
doebisTvis imis STabeWdilebis Se-
saqmnelad, rom administraciam Zvel
qalaqze izruna. amitom, SesaZloa,
swored amas cdilobdnen.
Seiqmna Tu ara raime faseuli sa-
bWoTa periodis arqiteqturaSi?
stalinuri periodis arqiteqtu-
ra sabWoTa ideologiis gamarjvebis
arsebobs Zalian mkveTrad gamoxatuli kavSiri esTetikur da kulturul
procesebsa da urbanuli garemos cvlilebebs Soris. qalaqi fizikurad gamoxatavs
drois, epoqebis, saxelmwifo sistemebis, ideologiebis da sazogadoebis
cvlilebebs. sivrcis organizebis swori aRqma ki mxolod imis gaazrebaa, rom
qalaqi sxva araferia, Tu ara TviTon sazogadoeba.
48 cxeli Sokoladi
istoria
demonstrireba iyo _ Senobebi nacio-
nalisturi ieriTa da socialisturi
SinaarsiT. arqiteqturis am stils
naxevrad JargoniT stalinur ampirs
veZaxiT. ampiri frangulad imperias
niSnavs. es aris adamianis individu-
alurobis ugulebelyofa, sivrciT
formebSi araviTari piradi elemen-
tebis gamovlena. yvelaferi unda
yofiliyo masobrivi. adamiani iyo
WanWiki milion misnairTan erTad,
romelTa erTianobac Seadgenda mo-
noliTur mTlianobas da imarTeboda
erTi mZlavri ZaliT, beladiT. aqe-
dan modis pirovnebis kulti, ro-
gorc nacistur arqiteqturaSi, ise
sabWour arqiteqturaSi. am dros na-
gebobebis grandiozuli ieric mniS-
vnelovani iyo. samudamod aSenebu-
lis STabeWdileba unda daetovebina.
ganwyoba _ energiuli da optimistu-
ri. araviTari refleqsia, eWvianoba,
skepticizmi, iumori, ironia. es yve-
laferi gamoricxuli iyo totali-
taruli arqiteqturis stilSi.
stalinuri ampiris nimuSebia mTa-
vrobis sasaxle, akademia, ̀ imeli~. ̀ ime-
li~ unikaluri artefaqtia. es epoqa
damTavrda da aRarasodes dabrunde-
ba. `imeli~ cnobilma arqiteqtorma,
Susevma daagegmara. misi arqiteqtu-
ris mxolod ori nimuSi gvaqvs _ in-
turisti baTumSi, romelic davamaxin-
jeT da `imeli~, romelsac vangrevT.
imeli ukve rusTavelis ganaSenianebis
ganuyofeli nawilia. TviTon Senobac
Rirebulia, rogorc xelovnebis na-
warmoebi. imis gamo, rom es iyo sta-
linuri sisxliani reJimis naSieri da
atarebs am imperialistur niSnebs, ar
SeiZleba misi dangreva gavamarTloT.
imis gamo, rom monaTmflobeloba
cudia, aravis mosdis azrad piramide-
bis dangreva. memorialur centrebad
aqcies sakoncentracio banakebi os-
vencimi, dahau, treblinka da buhen-
valdi. iq xalxi dadis imis sanaxavad,
rom ar daaviwydes warsuli da igive
ar gaimeoros. `imeli~ istoriuli
Senobaa, iq qarTuli parlamenti mu-
Saobda. bevri istoriuli gadawyveti-
leba iyo miRebuli. samwuxarod, aSe-
nebulia Zalian sustad. es Senoba ver
gauZlebs seriozul biZgs. sardafeb-
Si wyali dgas. radgan gamoCnda inves-
tori, romelsac mis adgilas sastu-
mros aSeneba unda, es aris erTaderTi
SesaZlebloba Zeglis gadarCenis. Tu
Cven vetyviT, rom aaSenon sastumro,
daSalon `imeli~, magram aRadginon
pirvandeli saxiT, Zegli ar daikar-
geba. dRes arqiteqturis samsaxurSi
mxolod mis demontaJzea Setanili
gancxadeba.
xruSCovis periodSi stalinur
ampirs ukve aRar aSenebdnen. ra iyo
sabWoTa administraciis axali pre-
rogativa?
arqiteqturuli zedmetobebis
epoqas bolo mouRo xruSCovma. man
Tqva, _ Zalian cotas da zedme-
tad grandiozuls vaSenebTo, _ da
daiwyo masobrivi mSenebloba ti-
puri proeqtebiT. ai, maSin gaCnda
saburTalo, Temqa, mesame masivi,
afrika da sxva ubnebi. sacxovrebeli
ubnebis ideologiuri prerogativa
iyo sivrcis anonimuroba, usaxoba.
grZeldeboda igive politika eTni-
kuri ubnebis mimarT, sazogadoebis
dezintegraciis mizniT. mSeneblo-
bis xarisxi Zalian dabali iyo. aT
weliwadSi ukve Camoirecxa saReba-
vi, Camoecala baTqaSi, saxuravebi
dazianda. Tu Senobebis moraluri
cveTa 25 weli iyo, fizikuri cve-
Ta kidev ufro naklebi, 10-15 weli
aRmoCnda. dRes es e.w. xruSCovkebi
absoluturad amortizebulia. am
umZimesi memkvidreobis eqspluata-
cia da remonti Zalian Znelia.
rogor gamoxata Tanamedrove, 90-
iani wlebis qaosuri, gardamavali
periodi qalaqma? socialisturi
wyobis kapitalisturi sistemiT Ca-
nacvlebam TavisTavad Secvala ko-
leqtivizmis gageba da koleqtivis
wevrebi kerZo mesakuTreebad iqcnen.
es cvlilebac aisaxa qalaqSi?
urbanuli procesebic iseTive qa-
oturi iyo, rogorc socialuri, Tu
politikuri situacia. mosaxleoba
ar aRmoCnda mzad privatizaciisTvis.
ar gvqonda gaazrebuli, ras niSnavda
koleqtivis kerZo mesakuTris ideiT
Canacvleba. mosaxleobam ezoebSi
daiwyo teritoriebis pasterizacia
da gaCnda bostnebi, vazi, qaTmebi, ce-
xebi, farexebi da aS. gaCnda miSeneba-
daSenebebi. iman, rac manamde yvelasi
da amave dros aravisi iyo, gaugebro-
ba gaaCina. sakuTari teritoria mosa-
xleobam saxlis zRurblamde moniSna,
mis gareT ukve `misi~ aRar iyo. ar
zrunavda sadarbazoze, ezoze, ra-
sac adre centralizebuli saqalaqo
samsaxurebi akeTebdnen. es simaxinje
dRemde grZeldeba.
xelisuflebam xeli daibana da
mosaxleobas uTxra, rom sakuTari
teritoriisTvis amieridan TviTon
unda miexeda. Cveni garemo Zalian
primitiuli aRmoCnda da amitom
ver ganicada drosTan adekvaturi
metamorfoza.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 94
saqarTvelos konstituciaSi weria, rom qveynis sivrciTi mowyobis koncefcia
gveqneba maSin, roca davibrunebT afxazeTs da samaCablos. qveyana viTardeba
stiqiuri urbanuli kanonebiT, romlis kontrolic ubralod SeuZlebelia. ar
arsebobs aranairi urbanuli ganviTarebis generaluri gegma, gadawyvetilebebi
miiReba voluntaristulad, impulsurad. Sesabamisad, es gadawyvetilebebi
vulgarulia da ver Wris qalaqis problemebs.
50 cxeli Sokoladi
saqarTveloSi TviTmfrinaviT Cavfrindi. Tbilisis
`dedofali anas~ saerTaSoriso aeroportidan Zlivs
gamovaRwie. uzarmazaria da Tan Zalian saintereso _
Tbilisis municipalitetma sworad gaTvala, rode-
sac aeroportSi 21-e saukunis sazRvarze aRmosavleT
evropaSi yvelaze didi sainformacio centri gaxsna.
aq SegiZliaT miiRoT informacia ara mxolod saqar-
Tveloze, aramed mTel evropaze. aeroportis gasas-
vlelSi didi warweraa _ evropa iwyeba aq. rodesac
gamovedi, Senobas garedan Sevxede. aeroportis saxe-
lwodebis qveS didi asoebiT aweria _ azia mTavrdeba
aq. anu, me Tavi amovyavi iq, sadac iwyeba evropa da
mTavrdeba azia.
qalaqSi matarebliT wavedi. es aris specialuri xazi,
romelic aeroports da Tbilisis (mTeli saqarTve-
losi da evropa-aziis) mTavar sarkinigzo magistrals
erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. saerTod, Tbilisis rkinigza
da metropoliteni msoflioSia ganTqmuli.
is metropoliteni, merve ki ara, pirveli saocreba
unda iyos. es aris sistema, romelic qarTvelma inJin-
rebma Seqmnes da romlis analogic msoflioSi ar ar-
sebobs. Tbilisis metropolitenSi dilis eqvs saaTze
daZruli matarebeli Ramis or saaTamde ar Cerdeba.
sistema isea mowyobili, rom rodesac matarebeli ba-
qans uaxlovdeba, baqani zustad matareblis siCqariT
iwyebs paralelur moZraobas. mgzavrebi gamodian da
baqanic nel-nela Cerdeba, matarebeli ki siCqares uma-
tebs da gzas agrZelebs. paralelurad baqani iwyebs
ukusvlas da sadgurSi brundeba. qarTvelma specia-
listebma daadgines, rom am sistemis Sedegad mgza-
vrebi dros ver igeben _ igive dro exarjebaT, rac
Cveulebriv metropolitenebSi, magram sistemas aqvs
erTi mniSvnelovani mxare _ is orjer nakleb energias
moiTxovs, vidre sxva nebismieri. saqme isaa, rom mata-
reblis daZvras miaqvs im energiis 60%, rasac mTeli
samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi TiTo matarebeli iyene-
bs. ase ki dReSi erTxel daZruli matarebeli 60%-iT
nakleb energias moixmars. garda amisa, gamokvleulia,
rom TbilisSi konkretulad metropolitenis sanaxa-
vad yovelwliurad 100 000-ze meti turisti Cadis,
rac qalaqis biujetisTvis damatebiT Semosavals war-
moadgens. proeqtis avtorebi ki, romlebic analogiur
sistemas dRemde amontaJeben msoflios sxvadasxva me-
gapolisebSi, Hi-Tech Millenium-ma axali aTaswleulis
gamomgoneblebad daasaxela.
saqarTvelos rkinigzis ganviTareba 1972 wels
avtori: sandro naveriani
ilustracia: maia sumbaZe
alternatiuli Tbilisialternatiuli Tbilisi
istoria
52 cxeli Sokoladi
statiaSi gamoyenebulia masalebi `Tbilisis forumze~ gamarTuli diskusiidan _ `alternatiuli Tbilisis istoria~
daiwyo, maSin qarTulma mxarem Sinkanzen-is qselis ga-
saviTareblad TanamSromlobis xelSekruleba dado
Kawasaki Heavy Industries-Tan da Japan railways-Tan.
pirvel etapze daigegma Tbilisis da foTis dakav-
Sireba swrafi matarebliT. xazis eqspluatacia 1974
wels daiwyo. Sinkanzen Tbilisidan foTSi Casvlas 3
saaTs andomebda. unda aRiniSnos, rom im dros jer
kidev ar arsebobda franguli TGV da germanuli ICE. 80-ian wlebSi axali xazebi daemata: Tbilisi-baTumi,
Tbilisi-soxumi, Tbilisi-vale, Tbilisi-axalqalaqi
da Tbilisi-Telavi. siswrafec, bunebrivia, gaizarda
da axla ukve, saSualod, 300 km/sT-s miaRwia. amis gamo,
sruliad Cveulebriv movlenad aris qceuli sacxo-
vrebeli adgilidan 100-200 kilometriT daSorebul
adgilas muSaoba:
magaliTad, xaSurels (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo,
Tbilisidan 120km) uproblemod SeuZlia dilaobiT
TbilisSi an foTSi (saporto qalaqi Sav zRvaze) sa-
msaxurSi iaros da saRamoobiT saxlSi dabrundes.
universitetis profesors SeuZlia diliT vakeSi Caa-
taros leqcia, SuadRisas TelavSi (aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelo Tbilisidan 200km) wavides seminarze da saRa-
mos TbilisSi dabrundes kolokviumze. erTi sityviT,
mTeli saqarTvelos gadaserva sul raRac oTx saaTSia
SesaZlebeli da amitomac aris, rom TbilisSi faqto-
brivad aRar arian mudmivi mosaxleebi. qalaqis mosa-
xleobas ZiriTadad studentebi da profesor-maswav-
leblebi warmoadgenen, umravlesobas ki _ gamvlelebi,
anu turistebi da saxelmwifo moxeleebi. es ukanask-
nelni Zalianac ki iTxoven saxelmwifo struqturebis
decentralizacias da qveynis masStabiT mimofantvas,
magram Catarebuli referendumis Sedegad, romelmac
mTeli qveyana moicva, cnobili gaxda, rom saqarTve-
los mosaxleobis did nawils ar surs sakuTar qalaq-
Si/sofelSi ixilos esa Tu is saxelmwifo struqtura.
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis udidesi nawili ki swored
Tbiliss gareT cxovrobs. aman ganapiroba, rom Tbi-
liss droTa ganmavlobaSi sauniversiteto qalaqi
daerqva, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tbilisi saqarTvelos
oficialuri dedaqalaqia.
oficialuri sauniversiteto qalaqi vakeSi, varazis
xevidan yifSiZis quCamde Taflisferi bolnuri tu-
fiT mopirkeTebuli kolejebiT aris gaSenebuli. vakis
sauniversiteto qalaqad gadakeTeba 1911 wels daiwyo.
swored im wels, rodesac saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso
Tanamegobrobam aRiara, rogorc damoukidebeli sa-
xelmwifo. swored maSin gadawyda, rom ganaTleba sa-
xelmwifos prioriteti unda yofiliyo. ukanaskneli
kampusi 1962 wels aSenda. mas Semdeg UniverCITY (swored
ase icnoben msoflioSi vakis sauniversiteto qalaqs)
msoflios wamyvan ramdenime universitets iTvlis. sa-
ocaria, magram ganaTlebis/mecnierebis sfero imdenad
ganviTarebulia (mTel saqarTveloSi), rom am sferoSi
investiciebis Cadeba biznesmenTaTvis erT-erTi yve-
laze momgebiani saqmea da ucxoeli investorebi ara-
fers iSureben, oRond rames Caavlon xeli.
Tbilisel studentebze bevri ram msmenia: meambo-
xeebi, pacifistebi, TavisuflebisTvis mebrZolebi...
TiTqmis yvela studenturi moZraoba, romelmac sa-
myaroSi cvlilebebi moitana, Secvala faseulobebi da
zogadad azrovneba, swored TbilisSi iwyeboda. swo-
red TbilisSi, 1930 wels, germanelma studentma oto
litbarskim wamoiwyo saprotesto moZraoba lozungiT
`diqtatura uniformebiT iwyeba~. saprotesto talRam
erT wels gastana da aziis yvelaze Rrma junglebamdec
ki miaRwia _ Tbilisel studentebs, da kerZod oto
litbarskis, mTeli msofliodan milionobiT studen-
ti ucxadebda solidarobas. 1931 wlidan ki Tbilisis
universitetebSi xelmZRvanelebma gaauqmes uniforme-
bis tarebis wesi. Semdeg analogiuri nabiji gadadges
sxva qveynebis universitetebmac. oto litbarskis ki
1979 wels iranelma studentebma Zegli daudges. otos
SiSveli gamosaxuleba aRmosavlur ubanSi, faliaSvi-
lis da rigis quCebis kuTxeSi, goli Tarayisa da ji-
bran xalil jibranis saxlebs Soris dgas.
sxvaTa Soris, swored otos Zeglis Semxedvares
gauCnda survili nikos maxlass, berZen students,
TbilisSi masobrivi nudisturi msvleloba moewyo,
ramac sabolood tradiciuli saxe miiRo da 1982 wli-
dan moyolebuli is yvelaze masStabur nudistur aR-
lumad iTvleba _ iwyeba otos Zeglidan da mTavrdeba
santiago kalatravas mier agebuli baraTaSvilis xi-
dis qveS, mtkvris napiras, sadac pirvelad gaSiSvlda
fotokameris win merlin monro.
istoria
cxeli Sokoladi 53
bevr qveyanaSi var namyofi da iqauri xalxic kargad
vici, Zveli da axali Taobac. me minaxavs axalgazrde-
bi, studentebi, romlebisTvisac yvelaze mniSvnelovan
faseulobas Zvirfasi nivTebi warmoadgens: manqana, sa-
mkaulebi, saxli, iaxta... am axalgazrdebs es atributika
imisTvis sWirdebaT, rom sazogadoebaSi adgili daimkvi-
dron da imkvidreben kidec imitom, rom egeT garemoSi
cxovroben. axalgazrda biWebi, romlebic fiqroben, rom
narkotikis zemoqmedebis qveS myofs ufro didi Sansi
aqvs magari gogos dabmis da iq asec aris, imitom, rom
is gogoebic ase fiqroben _ Tu misi biWi xuligani iq-
neba, narkotikebsac miiRebs da misi gulisTvis vinmes
tyviasac dauSens, maSin is yvelaze magari gogo iqneba
Tavis wreSi. aseTi axalgazrdebis Semyure sul vfiqro-
bdi, _ yvela aseTia yvela qveyanaSi, mec aseTi viyavi?
magram ara, TbilisSi ver naxavT axalgazrdas, romelic
moRuSuli Semogxedavs imis gamo, rom Tma iisfrad ga-
qvs SeRebili. aq Sen ar iqnebi diskreditirebuli Seni
pirsingebis an orientaciis gamo. aq ar ainteresebT Seni
rasa, warmomavloba, gvariSviloba, religiuri aRmsare-
bloba Tu politikuri mrwamsi _ Tbiliseli studentebi
arian adamianebi, romlebic msoflioSi yvelaze metad
afaseben Tavisuflebas, ibrZvian TavisuflebisTvis da
amitomac arian yvelaze Tavisuflebi.
sauniversiteto qalaqSi ocze meti studenturi sa-
zogadoeba da klubia: „ixvistolmelebi~, „mwevrebi da
seterebi~, „riCard uilbremis fiakri~, „oTara Zias
xinkali da mwvadi~, „henri morganis sazogadoeba~, „ra-
qaT luxumiT gawepili TiTebi~, „sazogadoeba qedani~,
„viskis klubi~, „panta ra xilia~, „saferavelebi~, „qve-
vristebi~, „xurma da karalioki~, `gargantuelebi~ da
`oh, Senca brutus?!~... maT droTa ganmavlobaSi sai-
dentifikacio damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi Camouyali-
bdaT. isini yvelafriT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan,
garda erTisa _ Tavisuflebis siyvaruliT.
am sazogadoebebs Soris xSirad imarTeba Sejibre-
bebi. me gamimarTla, rom swored yvelaze saintereso
dRes Seveswari _ mTeli studentoba kustbis mTas iyo
Seseuli da yovelwliur studentur krivSi iRebda
monawileobas, romelic yvelierSi imarTeba. uamravi
studenti erTmaneTSia areuli, vin vis urtyams, kacma
ar icis. Tumca arsebobs wesebi, romelsac studente-
bi Tavisive usafrTxoebis mizniT icaven. tradiciad
aris qceuli krivSi profesor-maswavleblebis monawi-
leobac. am tradicias safuZveli 40-ian wlebSi martin
haidegerma Cauyara. man icoda, mis erT-erT students
boRma axrCobda imis gamo, rom ioane petriwis kursi
Seawyvetina. amas yoveldRe xedavda da amitomac gada-
wyvita, krivSi mieRo monawileoba da studentisTvis
saSualeba mieca, javri eyara. im dRis Semdeg haide-
gers Turme ori kviriT yvelasTvis Seuwyvitavs io-
ane petriwis kursi, radgan tvinis Seryeva miuRia da
sawolidan ver dgeboda. mas Semdeg profesor-maswav-
leblebi imave mizeziT iReben SejibrSi monawileobas,
miuxedavad imisa, rom umravlesobas Zalianac ar unda.
studentebi ki mTeli weli am dRes elodebian da did
siamovnebasac iReben.
bibina molze sxva mayureblebTan erTad vijeqi da
seirs vuyurebdi. marjvniv, marcxniv, yvelgan daga-
dugi midioda. uceb, Cem fexebTan sakmaod zorba,
wverebiani kaci daeca. wamodga, bodiSi momixada da
gatexili saTvalis asaRebad daixara. es umberto eko
iyo, romelic sxva profesor-maswavleblebTan erTad
krivSi iRebda monawileobas. es ukve meoTxe saTvalea,
_ qoSiniT amoTqva umbertom da gverdze Camomijda, _
daviRale... davberdi... _ Tqva man da sigareti mTxova.
es SemTxveva xelidan ar gamiSvia da krivis dasrule-
bamde vsaubrobdiT.
umberto eko Gold corn fi eld-Si, oqroyanaSi cxovro-
bs. oqroyana Tbiliss dahyurebs da mis yvelaze axlo
gareubnad iTvleba, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tbiliss
ekuTvnis. oqroyana droTa ganmavlobaSi emigrantebis
dasaxlebad gadaiqca. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom mu-
dmivi binadari dRes ukve Zalian cotaa. saxlebis Ziri-
Tadi nawili qiravdeba mdidar ucxoelebze, romlebic
TbilisSi dasasveneblad Camodian wlis ama Tu im pe-
riodSi. Tumca, arian mudmivi binadrebic, magaliTad
henri kisinjeri, romelic emigraciaSia. is afrikel
diqtatorTan, Jan bedel bokasasTan TanamSromlobaSi
daadanaSaules da aSS-dan gamoqceva mouwia. aqve cxo-
vrobs desmond tutu, romelic samxreT afrikidan ra-
sizmis gamovlinebis axal talRas gamoeqca. saqveynod
istoria
54 cxeli Sokoladi
cnobili adamianebidan aq kidev erTi, roman polanski
cxovrobs, romelzec FBI-s, interpols da evropols
saqme aqvs aRZruli. gagikvirdebaT, magram mas kubis
policiac eZebs. Tumca, saqarTvelos xelisuflebas es
naklebad adardebs, radgan, miuxedavad yvelafrisa, po-
lanskis filmebs mainc mTeli msoflio uyurebs, is ki
filmebs saqarTveloSi iRebs da, Sesabamisad, saqarTve-
los saxeliT. henri kisinjeri, rogori gasvrilic unda
hqondes sisxlian almasebSi xeli, mainc Zalian saWiro
adamiania. swored misi Camosvlis Semdeg gaSifra qar-
Tulma uSiSroebam rusuli efesbes (yofili `kagebe~)
agentebi. rac Seexeba desmond tutus, man Zalian didi
popularoba moutana saqarTvelos da konkretulad
Tbiliss. kerZod, gldanSi aSenda `msoflios Savkanian
devnil bavSvTa banaki~. simarTle iTqvas, Tbilisis mu-
nicipalitetis am nabijma sagrZnoblad ganmuxta kisin-
jeris da polanskis gamo Seqmnili daZabuli urTier-
Toba saqarTvelosa da aSS/evrokavSirs Soris.
oqroyanas 70-iani wlebis bolos rekonstruqcia
Cautarda. Tbilisis meriam arqiteqturis fakulte-
tis studentebs SesTavaza, daeproeqtebinaT axali
oqroyana, Tumca studentebma ukeTesi gegma SesTava-
zes _ TbilisSi unda CamoeyvanaT msoflios cnobili
arqiteqtorebi, romelTa mizanic Semdegi unda yo-
filiyo: yvela saxli iyos individualuri, gansxvave-
buli stilis, sxvadasxva epoqis. amitomac oqroyanas
araoficialurad msoflios arqiteqturis muzeums
uwodeben.
saerTod, Tbilisis arqiteqtura mravalferovnebiT
gamoirCeva. gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi TbilisSi e.w.
qarTuli modernis stili gabatonda, romelic klasi-
kur modernze dayrdnobiT qarTvelma arqiteqtorebma
da dizainerebma Seqmnes. am stiliTaa nagebi aleqsan-
dres baRs Cayolebuli sastumroebis umetesoba, so-
lolakis da veris saxlebi, universitetebi da saSua-
lo skolebi. miwisqveSa Rvinis gvirabebic am stiliTaa
nageb-momSvenebuli... Tumca amaze cota qveviT moga-
xsenebT. am stilis ramdenime mimdinareoba arsebobs:
imeruli ar nuvo, svanuri iugendstili da odnav mo-
gvianebiT _ xevsuruli ar deko.
qalaqis centrSi, sadac aseTi siWrele warmoudgene-
lia, fasadebi an qviT aris mopirkeTebuli, an bunebri-
vi qvis speqtrSia SeRebili.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 104
`mdabio~ prostituciam cota xniT pirdapir kaxeTis gzatkecilze gadainacvla,
SemdegSi ki evropul yaidaze, Riad `daregulirda~: dRes TbilisSi arsebobs
specialuri quCa, oRond, amsterdamisgan gansxvavebiT, fanjrebSi mxolod
`gogonebis~ fotosuraTebis gamomzeurebaa daSvebuli, da pisuarebic gareT ar dgas.
swored TbilisSi, 1930 wels, germanelma studentma oto litbarskim wamoiwyo
saprotesto moZraoba lozungiT `diqtatura uniformebiT iwyeba~. saprotesto
talRam erT wels gastana da aziis yvelaze Rrma junglebamdec ki miaRwia
_ Tbilisel studentebs, da kerZod oto litbarskis, mTeli msofliodan
milionobiT studenti ucxadebda solidarobas.
istoria
cxeli Sokoladi 55
2008 wlis 14 Tebervlis dilas
daunsaid menorTan qviT moki-
rwyluli, wriuli samanqano biliki
ukve mersedesisa da bmv-s limuzi-
nebiT iyo savse. mZRolebi da da-
cvis biWebi jguf-jgufad idgnen,
laparakobdnen da sigarets eweod-
nen, SavebSi Cacmuli stumrebi ki
marmarilos kibeebze miikvlevdnen
gzas saxlisken, romelic qarTvel
miliarders arkadi, badri patarka-
ciSvils ekuTvnoda.
stumrebis didi nawili sareis
rezidenciaSi londonidan Cavida,
sxvebi niu iorkidan, Tbilisidan
da moskovidan Cafrindnen TiTqmis
maSinve, rogorc ki 52 wlis badri
patarkaciSvilis sikvdilis Sesaxeb
Seityves.
patarkaciSvili ori dRiT adre
sakuTar saZinebelSi, ojaxuri sa-
dilis Semdeg gardaicvala. es am-
bavi ina gudavaZes ise moulodne-
lad daatyda Tavs, rom dakrZalvis
ceremonialis dasagegmad dro
TiTqmis ar darCa. samagierod, ba-
dris gardacvalebis Sesaxeb cnoba
swrafad gavrcelda. saqarTveloSi
14 Tebervals ukve dawyebuli iyo
samgloviaro rituali saqarTve-
los umdidresi moqalaqisa da erT-
erTi yvelaze didi filantropis
pativsacemad, romelmac, rogorc
amboben, 2001 wels mTel Tbiliss
gadauxada gazis gadasaxadi. sa-
qarTvelos erT-erTi udidesi te-
lesadguris mflobeli patarka-
ciSvili saakaSvilis politikuri
opoziciis msxvili damfinansebe-
lic iyo, bolo saprezidento ar-
CevnebSi ki _ prezidentobis erT-
erTi kandidatic.
ucnobi sainformacio arxebis sa-
SualebiT axali ambavi umal moedo
ruseTidan gaqceuli miliarderi
oligarqebis samyarosac. vidre
2001 wels putinma oligarqebis
didi nawili qveynidan ar gaaqcia,
patarkaciSvili moskovSi erT-erT
yvelaze Zlevamosil saqmosnad iTv-
leboda, romelic piradad daexmara
inJiner putins gaprezidentebaSi.
partniorebTan, boris berezovski-
sa da roman abramoviCTan erTad,
patarkaciSvili iyo kaci, romelic
sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevis Semdeg
uceb movardnili kapitalizmis xa-
naSi daepatrona uzarmazar media,
industriul da biznesholdingebs.
patarkaciSvilma moixveWa usazR-
vro imperia, romelsac 12 miliard
dolarad afasebdnen.
sareiSi, patarkaciSvilis mamul-
Si abramoviCi ar Casula, magram iq
iyo berezovski _ badris uaxloesi
megobari. iq iyvnen politikosebi,
mediis warmomadgenlebi, bankirebi,
advokatebi da ojaxis megobrebi
Tbilisidan. daunsaid menoris or
sasadilo oTaxSi mdgar magidebze
qarTuli da rusuli delikatese-
biT savse TefSebis teva aRar iyo,
magram stumrebi kerZebs ar etane-
bodnen. mgloviareebi or udabnosa-
viT Tvaluwvdnel oTaxSi dadiod-
nen da dabal xmaze saubrobdnen,
zogic terasaze idga, saidanac 20
milion dolarad Sefasebuli mamu-
li da gakreWili gazonebis vrceli
mwkrivebi iSleboda.
zustad aravis axsovs, rodis ga-
moCnda mamulSi ori stumari. iq
Sekrebili sazogadoeba badris si-
kvdilis gamo jerac ver mosuliyo
gons, amitom maTi gamoCena arc
SeumCneviaT. badri maTTvis iyo ga-
morCeulad xelgaSlili adamiani,
romelic yovelTvis yvelaze zru-
navda, da rogorc ojaxis erTma me-
gobarma Tqva, misi sikvdili `didi
danakargi iyo~.
roca sastumro oTaxSi Sekrebi-
lebs ori mamakaci Seeria, eWvi ara-
ferze auRiaT. erT-erT maTgans,
jozef keis stumrebis didi nawi-
li kargad icnobda. kei _ 51 wlis
qarTveli-amerikeli niu iorkidan,
badris garebiZaSvili da ndobiT
aRWurvili biznes-mrCeveli gaxl-
daT. ai, meore mamakaci ki, romelic
keis axlda, aravis ecno. is aRmoCn-
da keis niu iorkeli advokati, ema-
nuel zelceri.
badris 54 wlis qvrivi, ina guda-
vaZe ixsenebs, rom odnav Secbunda,
avtori: suzana endriusi,
inglisuridan Targmna Tamar babuaZem
statia pirvelad daibeWda JurnalSi VANITY FAIR oqtomberi, 2009
qvrivi da oligarqebi
istoria
2008 wlis TebervalSi saqarTvelos umdidresi adamianis, badri patarkaciSvilis uecarma sikvdilma rusuli
oligarqiis ulmobeli samyaro erTianad Seazanzara. ina gudavaZe meuRlis saqmian partniors, ruseTidan
gaqceul miliarders, boris berezovskis daupirispirda da memkvidreobis garSemo atexil udides davaSi
CaerTo, amerikeli advokati ki belarusis Sroma-gasworebiT koloniaSi moxvda.
londonsa da niu iorkSi istoriis mTavar moTamaSeebTan Sexvedrebis Semdeg avtori gviambobs ambavs
gayalbebisa da saidumlo qorwinebis, TviTmfrinaviT gatacebisa da aTasgvari maqaniciebis Sesaxeb.
cxeli Sokoladi 57
zelcerisa da keis mtkicebiT,
badrim gardacvalebamde sami TviT
adre moawera anderZs xeli, 2007
wlis 14 noembers, niu iorkSi,
pirdapir quCaSi gareganaTebis
Suqze. es maSin moxda, rodesac
franklinis quCis kuTxeSi
mdebare restoran Nobu Next Door-
Si megobrebTan erTad sadilobda
da sufra sul ramdenime wuTiT
datova, viTomda haerze
gamosasvlelad da sigaretis
mosawevad.
roca zelcerma sTxova, _ badris
anderZis Sesaxeb calke unda dage-
laparakoTo. ina ambobs, rom eWvi
Tavidan araferze auRia, magram ra-
mdenime wuTSi zelceris saTqmel-
ma yvelaferi Secvala. man inas ga-
nucxada, rom badris advokati iyo
da rom swored masTan inaxeboda
miliarderi micvalebulis ukanask-
neli anderZi, qonebis gankargvis Se-
saxeb sabuTebi da sxva xelmowerili
dokumentacia. es yvelaferi ki mas
da keis, rogorc anderZis aRmasru-
lebels, aniWebdaT qonebis gankar-
vaze sruli kontrolis uflebas.
ina ixsenebs, rom zelceris gan-
cxadebam Tavzari dasca: mis meuR-
les arasdros uxsenebia, rom hyavda
advokati, gvarad zelceri. Tumca
es mxolod dasawyisi iyo. iman, rac
zelcerma Semdeg Tqva, inas lapa-
rakis unari sul mTlad daukarga.
man inas uTxra, rom radganac is
da badri 29 wlis col-qmari iyv-
nen, inas, anderZis mixedviT, qone-
bis mniSvnelovani nawili ergeboda.
Tumca, badris cxovrebaSi iyo sxva
qalic. es qali moskovSi cxovrobda
Tavis 14 wlis vaJTan, devidTan er-
Tad da devidic badris memkvidre
iyo. inam amis Sesaxeb araferi ico-
da. marTalia, deda-Svili qonebaze
pretenzias ar acxadebda, magram es
isedac igulisxmeboda.
meore dRes zelceri da kei ba-
dris investiciebis menejerebTan
sasaubrod londonis ofisSi mivid-
nen. maT gardacvlili miliarderis
sabanko angariSebis Sesaxeb infor-
macia moiTxoves. daaxloebiT erT
kviraSi kei ukve akontrolebda
badris telearx `imeds~, cota xnis
Semdeg ki _ badris kuTvnil fiSeris
kunZulsac _ 216 akrze gadaWimul
ulamazes adgils maiamisTan axlos,
sadac mezoblad ofra uinfrisa da
julia robertss hqondaT saxlebi.
Tavzardacemulma patarkaciSvile-
bma da ojaxis mrCevlebma mTeli sa-
buTebi gadaaqoTes _ iCxrikebodnen
failebSi, erTmaneTis miyolebiT
xsnidnen seifebs, magram amaod. sxva
anderZs ver miakvlies. TiTqos, ba-
dri ise gardaicvala, anderZi ar
datova. Tu datova?
badri patarkaciSvilis gardacva-
lebidan 19 Tvis Tavze es kiTxva
kvlavac aqtualuria da isev memkvi-
dreobis gamo atexili skandalis
mTavar problemas warmoadgens. dra-
ma, romelsac msoflios sxvadasxva
sasamarTlo darbazSi ganixilaven,
maT Soris londonSi, niu iorkSi,
TbilisSi, moskovsa da gibraltarSi,
gayalbebisa da maqaniciebis sastiki
urTierTbraldebebiT aris savse.
istoria
58 cxeli Sokoladi
badri patarkaciSvili meuRlesTan,
ina gudavaZesTan erTad
Zveli megobrebi erTmaneTs gada-
ekidnen _ axla sasamarTlom unda
gadawyvitos, aris Tu ara berezo-
vski marTali, rodesac amtkicebs,
rom badris saerTaSoriso biznesim-
periis naxevari mas ekuTvnis. rac
ufro didi dro gadis, miT ufro
ixlarTeba saqme, siuJeti ki ise
rTuldeba, rom civi omis droindel
Spionur trilers emsgavseba _ kerZo
TviTmfrinaviT gataceba, amerikeli
iuristis belarusul cixeSi ga-
momwyvdeva, mis gasaTavisufleblad
saqmeSi `amnesti interneSenalis~,
aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis da
kongresmenebis CarTva.
sicocxleSi badri patarkaciS-
vili iyo kaci, romelsac yvela
endoboda. yvelasgan gamorCeuli
biznesmeni _ `adamiani, romelic
garSemo yvelafers akontroleb-
da~, _ ambobs rusi biznesmeni vla-
dimir voronovi, romelsac badris-
Tan 15 wlis megobroba akavSirebs.
im adamianebis umravlesoba, rom-
lebic patarkaciSvils kargad ic-
noben, amtkicebs, rom emanuel
zelcerisa da jozef keis mier war-
modgenili anderZi yalbia. maT azri
arc mas Semdeg SeucvliaT, rac qar-
Tulma sasamarTlom gaiTvaliswina
jozef keis apelacia da gadawyvita,
rom kei patarkaciSvilis memkvidre-
obis sruluflebiani aRmasrulebe-
li piri iyo. am adamianebma Seityves,
rom arsebobda raRac sakiTxebi, ra-
sac badri saidumlod inaxavda. ma-
galiTad, gamoCnda moskoveli qali,
romelzec badris 11 wlis win sai-
dumlod uqorwinia _ zelceris wya-
lobiT, male gavrcelda qorwinebis
mowmobis asli da sankt-peterburg-
Si gamarTuli saqorwino ritualis
amsaxveli fotoebic.
rodesac badris mrCevlebma misi
dokumentebis Seswavla daiwyes, ga-
ocebulebi darCnen. moulodnelad
gairkva, rom badris aqtivebis mniS-
vnelovani nawili arsad fiqsirde-
boda: saqaRaldeebSi awydebodnen
cariel mindobilobebs, carieli min-
dobilobebis Sesaxeb, aseve: msxvil
kontraqtebs, romlebic werilobiT
arasdros gaformebula. badris sa-
xeliT TiTqmis arc erTi operacia
ar tardeboda, yvelafers misi ba-
vSvobis megobrebis, nacnobebis anda
metic _ virtualuri ucnobebis
saxeli ewera. martin pompaduris,
`nius korp~-is yofili aRmasrulebe-
li direqtoris TqmiT, `es iyo Soki
yvelasTvis, vinc badris icnobda~.
badris jozef keis saxeliT hqonda
gaformebuli milionobiT dolariT
Sefasebuli qonebac.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 95
istoria
cxeli Sokoladi 59
jozef kei boris berezovski
fotograf beso uznaZes araferi akavSirebs qoreograf pina bauSTan. magram
mgonia, rom Tanamedrove qoreografiis mier zafxulSi gamotirebuli, cekvis
yvelaze didi dedis fraza: `me ar mainteresebs rogor moZraoben adamianebi, me
mainteresebs ra amoZravebT maT~, beso uznaZis personaJebsac exebaT. ara aqvs
mniSvneloba foniWalaSi cxovroben isini Tu varkeTilSi, londonis kargad mov-
lil kensingtonSi binadroben Tu haid parkSi kviraobiT daaboteben.
besos fotopersonaJebs mis bolo proeqtSi saxelwodebiT `paraleluri
cxovreba~, erTi ucnauri survili ipyrobT: rogorme monatrebuli simSvide
Seirgon, gaSlil loginze cota xniT Camosxdnen, gairindon da mere nairgvari
lamazi Tu eniT uTqmeli mamaZaRlobebi Caidinon...
`paraleluri cxovrebis~ qalebic da kacebic (gnebavT pirobiTad davarq-
vaT `uxmo gadaZaxili londonidan TbilisSi~) imitom arian sainteresoni, rom
ver xvdebiT ra faruli survilebi amoZravebT. zogs sakuTari danaxva sarkeSi
aSinebs, zogi aSkarad sxeuliT tkbeba, zogi egzistenciur xifaTSia gareuli,
zogs bunebasTan harmonia ezmaneba Tu eZvirfaseba... rogorc mSier melas qaTami.
zogsac sul male dedobrivi instinqti gaeRviZeba.
Znelia gaigo ra xdeba londonSi mcxovrebi, arcTu keTili pensionerebis Tavs,
an sWirdeba Tu ara `viagra~ damwyeb pornovarskvlavs. iseve rogorc, rTulia
paralelebis gavleba TbilisSi lamazad gatrunul ana mayaSvilTan an siZveliT
da valebiT gadaRlil guga kotetiSvilTan.
axali proeqti beso uznaZisTvis ukve karga xania dawyebulia da warmatebu-
licaa. 2009 wlis zafxulSi, romSi, `palaco dela kolecioneSi~ warmodgenili
gamofena ukve istoriulia, Tundac imitom, rom avtorTa prestiJul nusxaSi
beso aRmosavleT evropidan erTaderTi fotoxelovani iyo. samwuxarod veraf-
riT moxerxda TbilisSi am gamofenis mowyoba, rac minimum Cvens uniaTobaze
ufro metyvelebs.
rogor ar iyoCaRa ideiT anTebulma ana korZaia-samadaSvilma, magram verc Zvel
ubanSi, sadme dangreul SenobaSi da verc daumTavrebel axal saxlSi ver mox-
erxda fotoproeqtis gamofena. mere zarmaci zafxuli movida, mere Semodgomis
uricxvi festivalobana da darCnen besos personaJebi Tbilisuri gamofenis gar-
eSe. odnav glamuruli da ufro artistuli dasavluri fotoJurnalebis amara.
vin icis, iqneb iq ufro warmoCindes paraleluri ̀ sxeulebis~ melanqolia. bolos
da bolos, sadac ar unda dabeWdo es fotoebi, suls ver gamodevni. verc jor-
jones `veneras~ msgavsi qalis sxeulidan da verc tato kotetiSvilis Tvalebi-
dan, saidanac reJisori mamis `hamletic~ imzireba.
am fotoebis naxvis Semdeg grCebaT STabeWdileba, rom ̀ paraleluri cxovreba~,
ase vTqvaT, dauswrebladac gagrZeldeba. mere ra, rom londonur padingtonSi
wiTeli avtobusi dadis, xolo Tbilisur varkeTilSi _ yviTeli... da rogorc
ki fotoebs SexedavT (sulerTia sad, londonsa Tu TbilisSi), ar SeiZleba am
ucnaurad sevdian adamianebze cota xans mainc ar ifiqro. romelTac, pina bauSis
speqtaklebis personaJebisa ar iyos, ver mixvdebiT ra amoZravebT.
daviT buxrikiZe
foto: beso uznaZe
fotoproeqti
uxmo paralelebi
cxeli Sokoladi 61
isaqarTvelo
2000 - 2010
`nu vilaparakebT maTze. mxolod Sexede da gaiare ~
( dante. jojoxeTi)
rogorc cnobilia, qarTvelebi zedmetad politizirebulebi varT. oRond sityva
`politikis~ klasikuri gagebiT, arc ise advili gamosacnobia, Tu ras vgulisxmobT
mis qarTul interpretaciaSi.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, saqarTveloSi dRemde elementaruli, politikuri marcxena da
marjvena flangic ki ar Camoyalibda: partiebs, mmarTvelis CaTvliT, sakuTari ideo-
logia dRemde ar gaaCniaT. Tumca, maT samuSao oTaxebSi xatebis raodenobiTa da samSo-
los xsenebaze maTi viagraseuli reaqciebiT Tu vimsjelebT, yvelani pirwavardnili
ultramemarjveneebi arian. leiboristebic ki, romlebsac, principSi, yvelaze metad
aqvT Camoyalibebuli partiuli saxe: wminda wylis evropeli maoistebis, trockiste-
bis, aTasgvari antiimperialistebis... mokled, ultramemarcxeneebis. magram isinic ki,
xandaxan iseT marjvena eqstremSi vardebian, rom, maTTan SedarebiT, franguli `nacio-
naluri fronti~ sabavSvo baRad gamoiyureba.
nacionaluri moZraoba ukve Tavisi dasaxelebiT ultramemarjvenis asosiacias
iwvevs, Tumca am bolo dros saqarTveloSi feisbukze cota adre modaSi Semosulma
liberalizmma, uideologio mmarTvel partias sulze mouswro da dRes misi ideolo-
www.paatakourdadze.blogspot.com
dekadansipaata qurdaZe
70 cxeli Sokoladi
isaqarTvelo
gebi dauRalavad qadageben nacionalistur-liberalistul ideebs: anu nacionalis-
turs _ qarTuli, liberalurs ki dasavluri tribunidan.
am ucnaurma politikurma virusma qarTveli eris isedac daRlili da gazantebu-
li gonebrivi da sulieri ganviTareba jer daamuxruWa, Semdeg ukusvliT waiyvana da
dRes is, Cemi azriT, ufro met sibneleSi aRmoCnda, vidre am gzis dasawyisSi _ 20 wlis
win: dRevandeli saqarTvelos civilizebulobis xarisxi ufro dabalia, vidre guram
petriaSvilis apokalipturi misteriebis epoqaSi, radgan dRes aseT, da kidev uares,
sisuleleebs yovel nabijze laparakoben, oRond maSindelisagan gansxvavebiT, amas
aRaravin aprotestebs.
politika kompromisis xelovnebaa. es bavSvmac icis. konformizmi ki qarTuli ur-
TierTobebis tradiciuli erovnuli xelovneba, qarTuli sazogadoebis swored is
Tvisebaa, romelic ramdenic gnebavT, Tavze sayrelad gvqonda yovelTvis.
konformizmi Cveni erovnuli diplomatiis klasikaa. da vinc amas ver mixvda, iseve
daisaja, rogorc sabralo, gulubryvilo sulxan-saba da mogvianebiT ilia.
saqarTvelos istoriis yvela furceli savsea samarcxvino konformizmiT, iseve _
rogorc yvela sxva patara erisa. es bunebrivi da politikuri seleqciis logikaa. kon-
formizmi eSmakobasTan, eSmakoba ki WkuasTan aris gaigivebuli. sisxlian Sua saukunee-
bs mxolod is patara erebi gadaurCnen, visac aseTi vireSmakuli `Wkua~ eyo. maT Soris,
madloba RmerTs, Cvenc aRmovCndiT.
2000-2010 wlebi erT-erTi yvelaze araSemoqmedebiTi xanaa saqarTvelos istoriaSi,
yovel SemTxvevaSi _ gasuli saukunis dasawyisidan moyolebuli, 80-ianebTan da 90-ia-
nebTan SedarebiTac ki. cifrebis kabalis arasodes mjeroda, magram raRac saeWvod da-
emTxva am aTwleulis Taobas sami nuli, da logikuri saxelwodeba: nolianTa, 00 Taoba.
an epoqalur termins moviSvelieb _ `Taoba Ground Zero~.
dRes meamboxeoba eqskluziurad politikur terminad iqca. 2003 wels `vardebis
revoluciis~ warmatebam Tavisuflebis ideis absoluturi uniformizacia moaxdina.
mas Semdeg saqarTveloSi nebismieri saprotesto gamovlineba mxolod da mxolod po-
litizirebuli da Cineli maoistebiviT ugemovnod Teatralizebulia: vardebi, TeTri
yelsaxvevebi, wiTeli, TeTri, lurji maisurebi, karvebi, saknebi...
2003-Si saqarTveloSi Tavisufleba damyarda! rodesac pirvelad Sevitye Tavisu-
flebis institutis Sesaxeb, yuradReba ar mimiqcevia. mogvianebiT mivxvdi, rom es ra-
Rac ufro seriozuli iyo _ raikomis mdivnebis samWedlo Zveli komkavSiris cekasaviT.
aseTma institutebma Tavis droze Tavisuflebis diqtatura erTxel ukve daamyares.
RmerTo Cemo! rogor SeiZleba Tavisufali iyos is, rac institutia! rogor SeiZleba
Tavisuflebis monopolisti specialistebi marTlac arsebobdnen da Tanac Tavs ase
seriozulad aRiqvamdnen... rogor SeiZleba yvela arsebuli da daviwyebuli religia
Tavisuflebis ZebnaSi itanjebodes, jvarze akravdes, wvavdes, wyevlides, loculob-
des... saqarTveloSi ki mTeli `seqta~ gvyavdes, romelmac ase uceb, politikuri mec-
nierebis msubuqi SeswavliT ipova Tavisuflebis gasaRebi, aRmarTa Tavisuflebis Su-
qura...
principSi, maTi arseboba savsebiT gasagebi da misasalmebeli iqneboda CemTvis, de-
mokratiuli institutebis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebaze rom muSaobdnen, da am preten-
ziuli saxelis gasamarTleblad liberalizmis partiul-ideologiuri Cveulebrivi
propaganda religiis rangSi ar hqondeT ayvanili. maTgan virusiviT gavrcelebuli am
politikuri ideologiiT rom ar cdilobdes dRes mTeli saqarTvelos inteleqtual-
Ta da xelovanTa `avangardis~ TiTqmis sruli Semadgenloba adamianis daniSnulebis,
bednierebis, ubedurebis, mokled, WeSmaritebis gasaRebis povnas.
Tavisuflebis specialistebisagan, ra Tqma unda, mets velodebi, vidre Cveulebriv
partiul Tu modur ideologiur propagandas. Tumca arc ministrTa kabinetis mier
cxeli Sokoladi 71
isaqarTvelo
danergil gamofenebis msgavs raRac Tavisuflebis masterklass, an libertalianul
orgias ar viTxov parlamentis tanjuli Senobis win.
dasawyisisaTvis mxolod pasuxi damakmayofilebda erT martiv kiTxvaze: rogor
axsnian, rom maTi liberaluri ideologis oficialuri da triumfaluri batonobis
2000_2010 wlebSi saqarTveloSi Tavisuflebis idea ufro da ufro diskreditirebuli
gaxda, maTi wre ki ufro da ufro `masonuri~?
ra Tqma unda, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar msurs Tavisuflebis institutis diaboliza-
cia, miT umetes, maTi personifikacia. me mxolod meCveneba, rom Tavisuflebis ideis
monopolireba da uniformireba ugnuri da damRupveli nabijia.
wesiT, Cven, eqssabWoTebs, es kargad unda gvesmodes: iseve, rogorc wiTel warsulSi,
dResac dasavlur ideas raRac utopiuri liberaluri, xolo mis alternativas reli-
giuri ipokrizmi warmoadgens.
xelovanebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli azrovnebis eqstravaganturoba _ politikuri
terminologiis cudi suniT aris ayrolebuli da, rac yvelaze sagangaSoa, axali Ta-
obebi dRiTi dRe, ufro da ufro adreul asakSi berdebian, da Tvlian, rom cxovreba
`rusuli ruletia~, da Secdomas ar gpatiobs!
axalgazrdebis uniformizaciis mcdeloba, patriotuli banakebi, skolebSi dro-
Sis aRmarTva, gulze xeldadebuli bavSvebis mier himnis gauTavebeli mRera _ aSkarad
overdozaa arajansaRi patriotizmis, romelic klemansos perifrazirebiT, saqarTve-
loSi aTasi garewris ukanaskneli TavSesafari gaxda.
yvelaferi moWarbebuli inflaciasa da lpobas iwvevs. saqarTveloSi axalgazrdebis
did nawils jariskacebad zrdian da ara Tavisufal adamianebad! darCenili nawili ki
sakuTari mamebis aRtacebuli saxiT Sesrulebul `miSa magarias~ usmens, da nel-nela
TviTonac `svingavs~ am Cveni drois `blatnoi~ hitze.
axalgazrdaTa es kategoria xan dauCoqebs, xan umRerebs prezidentebs, xanac maT Ca-
mosagdebad im Tavs gawiravs, romelic ara aqvs...
yovelTvis mindoda aseTebisaTvis mekiTxa: miSa SeiZleba marTlac magaria, magram
Tqven? Tqven vin xarT, mliqvnelobis aseT tkbil WaobSi orcxobilasaviT Cambalni, sad
moaswariT ase garyvna aseT adreul asakSi?
Tu yovelive amas gauTavebeli pirjvris weras da TiTqmis religiur fundamenta-
lizms _ eklesiis mxridan Tavisuflebis arnaxul diskriminacias davumatebT, sruli
pasuxismgeblobiT SevZleb ganvacxado, rom Tanamedrove qarTul aRzrdas Tavisu-
flebasTan araviTari saerTo ar aqvs, da amaSi erTnairad iRebs monawileobas xelisu-
flebac, ojaxic, eklesiac da misi TiTqosda alternatiuli, prodasavluri libera-
luri mxarec.
dRes, 2009 wels inteleqtualebi da artistebi isev mosisxle politikur momxre-
ebad da mowinaaRmdegeebad arian dayofilni. erTic da meorec absoluturad araSe-
dRes meamboxeoba eqskluziurad politikur
terminad iqca. `vardebis revoluciis~ warmatebam
Tavisuflebis ideis absoluturi uniformizacia
moaxdina. saqarTveloSi nebismieri
saprotesto gamovlineba mxolod da mxolod
politizirebuli da Cineli maoistebiviT
ugemovnod Teatralizebulia: vardebi, TeTri
yelsaxvevebi, lurji maisurebi, karvebi, saknebi...
72 cxeli Sokoladi
isaqarTvelo
moqmedebiTi meTodebiT gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebas realobis mimarT, da
sabrZolvelad iyeneben blagv iaraRs, romlis xmareba ar ician.
xSirad meCveneba, rom sakuTari iaraRi ar gaaCniaT, amitom sesxuloben am blagv ia-
raRs uniWo politikosebisagan, da kidev ufro usaxurni xdebian _ xelovanisaTvis xom
politika, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi krizisis, uaresSi ki uniWobis
SefuTvis yvelaze kargi saSualebaa, iseve, rogorc uniWo, magram ambiciuri adamiane-
bisaTvis _ Zalian swrafad zedapirze amotivtivebis. adamianebis umetesoba ki swored
uniWo da ambiciuria. ubralod, sakuTar uniWobas gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdul wle-
bSi ganicdian da amis gamo araadekvaturebi, agresiulebi arian, da Tu epoqamac xeli
Seuwyo, revoliucionerebi xdebian. amis pirveli naTeli dadasturebaa _ poeti ioseb
stalini, mxatvari adolf hitleri da prozaikosi sadam huseini, xolo meore _ dRevan-
deli qarTuli xelisufleba da misi opozicia, romlebmac, stalinisa da hitlerisa-
gan gansxvavebiT, cudi leqsebis wera da akvareliT Txapnac ar ician.
ra gansxvavebaa im adamianebsa da maT Soris, romlebsac araferi moswonT saqarTve-
loSi da visac yvelaferi moswons? _ araviTari. orive mxare eqstremistia: erTi mxriv
adamianebi, romlebic yvela daSvebuli da dauSvebeli gziT cdiloben xelisuflebis
damxobas, meore mxriv ki xelisufleba, romlisTvisac mizani yvela saSualebas amar-
Tlebs, kanoniersac da ukanonosac. mizani ki orivesaTvis erTi, diadi, naTeli da Za-
lian martivia: xelisuflebis mopoveba-SenarCuneba.
nacionalTa axalgazrduli `frTis~, Tu opoziciis axalgazrda warmomadgenlebi
mxolod imiT gansxvavdebian Cemi Taobis komkavSirlebisgan, rom maT `komkavSirSi~
Sesvlas aravin aiZulebs, rogorc amas komunistebi akeTebdnen. sxva mxriv maTi umrav-
lesoba dRes iseTive inciativian, uniformian patara utifar karieristad gamoiyure-
ba, rogorc yofili amxanagebi `Zveli keTili~ komkavSiris raikomis agitacia-propa-
gandis ganyofilebidan.
safrangeTSic ki, nebismieri partiuli axalgazrduli frTa, saocrad waagavs qar-
Tvel `neokomkavSirlebs~. waagavs yvelafriT: gabrazebuli qaTmiseburi gamometyve-
lebiT, klonirebuli `mebrZoli~ azrovnebiT, farisevlobiT, Sublze muwukebiT, da
indauriviT mxne SeZaxilebiT...
cxeli Sokoladi 73
es evropuli civilizaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli savsebiT Cveulebrivi movle-
naa; iseve, rogorc maTTvis magaliTis mimcemi koniunqturuli artistebis arseboba.
aseTebi yovelTvis iyvnen: garkveulwilad koniunqturulebi iyvnen TviT renesansis
`RmerTebic~ ki, Torem sxvanairad, mxolod RvTaebrivi niWis wyalobiT aravin aaSene-
binebda miqelanjelos san pietros vatikanSi.
ra Tqma unda, qarTveli monumentaluri xelovnebis RvTaebis, zurab wereTlis Se-
dareba miqelanjelosTan ar aris advili saqme, magram sqema, sistema, daaxloebiT igi-
vea. gansxvaveba mxolod gemovnebis garyvnilebis xarisxSia: 90-iani wlebis dasawyis-
Si Znelad Tu warmoidgenda vinme, rom oci wlis Semdeg damoukidebeli saqarTvelos
liberali da prodasavluri axalgazrda xelisufleba zustad igive sabWoTa sistemiT
ixelmZRvanelebda. am sistemis maxinj produqcias uxvad mimofantavda saqarTveloSi:
wminda giorgi `leninis~ moedanze, dauviwyari heidar alievi, taras SevCenko, baTume-
li medea da sxv... es qarTuli mliqvneluri sulis samarcxvino monumentebi pirvel ri-
gSi Cveni eris dRevandel kulturul donesa da swored Tavisuflebis dabal xarisxze
miuTiTebs; diax, _ eris, da ara xelisuflebis. radgan es ukanaskneli mxolod Tavisi
xalxis svel, gulaxdil anarekls warmoadgens abazanis daorTqlil sarkeSi _ mxolod
odnav dabrecils.
magaliTad, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis zRvargadasuli religiuri farisevloba, ab-
soluturad airekla mis prezident mixeil saakaSvilSi, romelmac 2004 wels, jorj
buSis TbilisSi yofnisas kacobriobas daumtkica, rom RmerTi namdvilad arsebobs da
is xandaxan abanoTubanSi kintaursac cekvavs xolme. amas win uZRoda navTluRSi igive
RmerTis saxelobis avenius gaxsna.
es albaT yvelaze gabeduli da faraonuli `performansi~ iyo qarTuli koniunqtu-
ruli mdidari xelovnebis istoriaSi.
aseTi ram SevardnaZesac ki ar mosvlia azrad, rodesac 1980 wels breJnevs namdvili
imperiuli triumfi mouwyo. maSin legendebi dadioda, TiTqos politeqnikuri insti-
tutis win, liTonis konstruqciis raRac sacodavi tribunis qveS moxuc breJnevs per-
sonaluri tualeti mouwyves, rom ar Caefsa.
ra salaparakoa personaluri tualeti _ mTel quCasTan SedarebiT...salaparako, sa-
ocari da satirali mxolod stilis da koncefciis asprocentiani identurobaa.
eris kultura misi sulis meamboxeobis xarisxia. es xarisxi breJnevis epoqaSi ga-
isaqarTvelo
74 cxeli Sokoladi
cilebiT maRali iyo saqarTveloSi, vidre dRes. mis sacodav narCenebs, marTlmadi-
debluri `opiumis~ fonze, 90 wlebSi jer qarTvelma ultramemarjveneebma miayenes
gamanadgurebeli dartyma, Semdeg ki ioselianis gangsterebma bin ladenis mfrinavi te-
roristebiviT moaryies Zlivs Sekowiwebuli qarTuli meamboxe suli, 2003 wlis Semdeg
mosulma Tavisuflebis `profesionalma specialistebma’’ ki moryeuli struqtura
niu-iorkis `tyupebiviT~ sabolood Camoangries, da axali adamianis Zerwvas bejiTad
Seudgnen: saqarTveloSi gadamwyvet fazaSi Sevida `didi nulis~ aTwleuli, romelic
sul raRac sam TveSi damTavrdeba da, tradiciulad, crupentela istoriaSi, Tuki mas
momavalSi sindisis natamali mainc SemorCeba, qarTuli dekadansis saxeliT Seva.
breJnevis epoqis axalgazrda meamboxeTa umetesoba _ mxatvrebi, mwerlebi, musikose-
bi, dRes Tavad gaxdnen koniunqturulni. konformizmi Zalian adamianuri grZnobaa da
is yvelaferTan erTad asaksac moaqvs.
RmerTma adami da eva konformistebad Seqmna da edemSi cxovelebTan erTad gamoketa.
isini adamianad anarqiis vaSlma aqcia. adamianis istoria swored aqedan iwyeba da ara
im cnobili Svidi dRidan, romelic mxolod RmerTis yoveldRiur saqmianobas aRwers.
anarqiis vaSli Semoqmedebaa. Semoqmedeba ar SeiZleba iyos institucionalur, po-
ziciur Tu opoziciur CarCoSi moqceuli, rogorc dRevandel saqarTveloSia. Cveni
problema koniunqturuli da politikurad angaJirebuli artistebis arseboba ki ara,
`anarqistebis~ ararsebobaa.
ra Tqma unda, Tuki gulubryviloni viqnebiT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es saerTo ten-
denciaa msoflioSi. oRond me ar mgonia, ase iyos.
sxvebis mier berlinis kedelze Tavis rtyma, misi frCxilebiT kawvra, buldozere-
biT, CaquCebiT,wixlebiT, SiSveli muStebiT ngreva Cven sakmarisad CavTvaleT da `dam-
saxurebuli artistebi~ gavxdiT.
aqamde saqarTvelo, ase Tu ise, namdvilad cdilobda kedlis gaswvriv, gaRma mosia-
ruleTa ritmisaTvis brmad mainc aeyolebina fexi. kuriozulia, magram 80-iani wle-
bis bolos dasavleTis eqo saqarTveloSi TiTqos bevrad ufro bunebrivad ismoda,
vidre dRes. maSin veravin ifiqrebda, rom oci wlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi artistebi
kidev ufro metad politikurad angaJirebulni da dapirispirebulni gaxdebodnen,
qarTuli xelovnebis ZiriTadi Tema isev samSoblo iqneboda, qarTuli popi isev es-
tradad darCeboda, sadac eleqtro Congurze daWril arwivebze iRiRinebdnen, sadac
enas, mamuls da sarwmunoebas svingaven da repaven... sadac poetebs politikosebisagan
gansxvavebuli saTqmeli araferi aqvT da amitom isinic politikosebiviT laparako-
ben, iseve, rogorc policielebi, rogorc mxatvrebi, msaxiobebi, eqimebi, studentebi,
meZavebi... sadac yvela erTi eniT laparakobs, visac jer kidev SeuZlia laparaki.
sruli teqsti ixileT misamarTze: www.paatakourdadze.blogspot.com
7 oqtomberi, 2009
xelovanebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli azrovnebis
eqstravaganturoba _ politikuri terminologiis
cudi suniT aris ayrolebuli da, rac yvelaze
sagangaSoa, axali Taobebi dRiTi dRe, ufro da
ufro adreul asakSi berdebian, da Tvlian, rom
cxovreba `rusuli ruletia~ da Secdomas ar
gpatiobs!
isaqarTvelo
cxeli Sokoladi 75
xelebis gaTboba / dabana
1949 wels gamocemuli `deda ena~
rom naxoT da iakob gogebaSvili-
seuls SeadaroT, _ maSinve mixvde-
biT, Tu ra saSinelebas aSenebdnen
bolSevikebi: lenin-stalin-berias
portretebi, maTi bavSvobis Sesaxeb
tyuil-marTali, beladTa sadide-
beli, Camtkbari leqsebi, oqtom-
brelTa, pionerTa, komunistTa,
sabWoTa armielTa gmirobis ambebi.
moTxrobaSi `ojaxis sixaruli~
meoce saukunis tiranis dabadebaa
aRwerili: gorel meCeqmes, besa-
rions da mis meuRles, kekes pir-
veli ori vaJi daeRupaT da Svilis
molodiniT edgaT suli. amitomaa,
rom sandala Tavisi megobris sa-
xelosnosken gaxarebuli garbis,
raTa vaJis dabadeba amcnos.
_ Sen pirs Saqari, Cemo sandala,
Sen pirs Saqari! wavideT, vnaxoT
Cveni nukri da misi deda! _ pasuxo-
bs bednieri mama.
amas mosdevs patara sosos ke-
TilSobilebisa da gulCvilobis
ambebi. niSandoblivia, rom mas cxo-
velebi uyvars, adamianebis mimarT
mis Tbil grZnobebze ki `deda ena~
arafers gveubneba.
erTi moTxroba gansakuTrebiT
Semzaravia: cigaSi cxeniviT Sebmu-
li besarioni aRma-daRma asrialebs
Svils. male mas patara dariko ena-
cvleba da Sebindebamde anebivrebs
Zmobils. bolos gundaoba imarTeba
anu `namdvili omi~, rogorc avto-
ri uwodebs da iqve dasZens:
`sosom winaswar icoda gundebis
momarageba. vai mas, visac daumiz-
nebda! arasodes ar aacdenda. pir-
vel gundas miayolebda meores,
mesames... roca TamaSobiT guls
ijerebda, Tavis cugas, giSeras,
cigaSi Casvamda da aWarxlebuli
loyebiT Sinisaken mirboda, sadac
aguzguzebul buxars miujdeboda
xolme da gayinul xelebs iTbob-
da~.
xom geniSnaT tiranis sisastike
da `omis~ Semdeg `xelebis gaTboba~
anu `xelebis dabana~?!
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi sta-
linisa da `stalinizmis~ Sesaxeb
polemikas aSkarad aklia sabWo-
Ta epoqaSi gamefebul sisastikis,
daundoblobis da veragobis mxi-
leba.
am warsulis aRmoCenis, ganaTebi-
sa da dagmobis gareSe, gamova, rom
Cvenc xelebi davibaneT yvelafer-
ze, rac bolSevikebma, Cekistebma
da maTma pirsisxlianma mimdevrebma
Caidines.
Cven unda SevZloT sabWoTa is-
toriis wignidan mtvris, xavsisa da
Semxmari sisxlis gadawmenda, Sem-
deg ki _ am wignis gadaSla da masSi
`adamianis~ da adamianebis aRmoCe-
na: daviwyebulTa, ignorirebulTa,
daCagrulTa da ganadgurebulTa
alaparakeba da istoriis ise da-
wera, rogorc tiranias Sewirulni
dawerdnen.
suliko-varinka
me-19 saukunis 70-ian wleb-
Si saqarTveloSi farTod gaiSa-
la saganmanaTleblo moZraoba,
romelsac rusifikaciis talRa
unda Seekavebina. am moZraobis
avtori: lela gafrindaSvili
sada xar, Cemo varinka?!
esei
varinka wereTeli mSoblebTan erTad
76 cxeli Sokoladi
monawile iyo gvitia agiaSvili,
romelsac sofel WorvilaSi sa-
Sinao skola hqoda gamarTuli.
misi meuRle, generali spiridon
maWavariani, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sa-
zogadoebis wevri iyo. 1874 wels
axalgazrda wyvils qaliSvili,
barbare/varinka, SeeZina. quTai-
sis qalTa gimnaziis damTavrebis
Semdeg, gansakuTrebuli musika-
lurobis gamo, zinaida vorobecs
(filimon qoriZis meuRle) miaba-
res, romelic fortepianos gakve-
Tilebs atarebda quTaisSi.
niWier gogonas maWavarianebis
ojaxis yvela axlobeli da stumari
Sehxaroda: `moswondaT Cemi simRe-
ra da mamxnevebdnen. gansakuTrebiT
magulianebda akaki, romelsac, ro-
gorc TviTon ityoda, Cemi simRera
yvelaze ufro tkbilad esaubrebo-
da. musikas ufro daejereba, vinem
sityvebsao, _ metyoda poeti, da
mec ufro xSirad mis leqsebs vmRe-
rodi~, _ ixsenebs varinka. igi male
mgosnis rZali gaxda _ Cvidmeti
wlisam sergo wereTelze iqorwina.
or weliwadSi wyvils vaJi SeeZina,
patara spiridoni, romelsac Sinau-
robaSi ̀ gugulis~ eZaxdnen. erTxel
akaki saxlikacs gaxumrebia: `Sen ra
mogklavs, Zamia, bulbulic saxlSi
gyavs da gugulic~-o.
1895 wels Jurnal `kvalSi~ dai-
beWda akakis `suliko~, romelic
poetma maleve gadasca varinkas da
sTxova, rame hangi SeerCia misTvis.
`sagonebelSi Cavvardi, ra Tqma
unda. leqsis momxiblavma silamazem
CemSi uTvalavi musikaluro saxe
aRZra. me Rrma interesiT movkide
xeli gitaras da arsebuli kiloe-
bis dauxmareblad Sevqmeni origina-
luri musika. amaSi didad damexmara
TviT leqsis ritmuloba, simsubuqe.
did poets Cem mier Seqmnili mu-
sika Zalian moewona. igi mTeli gr-
ZnobiT ugdebda yurs `sulikos~
simReras da mis naTel saxeze usa-
zRvro siamovneba ixateboda. aR-
frTovanebis gamosaxatavad akakim
Tavisi suraTi maCuqa warweriT:
`Cems sayvarel bulbuls, suliko-
varinkas akakisagan~. akakis mier si-
mRera `sulikos~ aseTi mowonebis
Semdeg xSirad gamovdiodi saRamo-
ebze am simReriT da amgvarad gavr-
celda igi xalxSi~.
1898 wels inglisurma firmam
`fonografi~ varinkas simRera
cvilis lilvalebze Cawera, vano
maCablis saxlSi, xolo 1900 wels
kote focxveraSvilma notebze ga-
daitana, meCongureTa gundisaTvis
da fortepianosaTvis, romelic
orkestrma 1905 wlis agvistoSi
Seasrula quTaisis saqalaqo Tea-
trSi.
1909 wlidan varinka wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Ta-
vmjdomarea yvirilis (zestafoni)
TemSi. ramdenime weliwadSi sa-
mkiTxvelos gaxsnac moaxerxa da
sakuTar saxlSi, sofel cxrawya-
roSi, skolac gamarTa. es patara
ganaTlebis kera aTamde sofels
emsaxureboda. manve aRadgina ad-
gilobrivi Teatris Senoba, sadac
saqvelmoqmedo warmodgenebs mar-
Tavda, quTaisidan da Tbilisidan
mowveuli SemoqmedebiT jgufebis
daxmarebiT.
1905 wlis revoluciis Semdeg,
reaqciis wlebSi alixanov-avarskis
sadamsjelo laSqrobas swored
zestafonis Teatri Seewira, sadac
oxranka didi raodenobiT iaraRs
eZebda. axalgazrda revolucione-
ri stalini ki Jandarmebs swored
varinkas saxlis sardafSi emalebo-
da. rogorc Cans, aqedan modis ti-
ranis ̀ sulikosadmi~ gansakuTrebu-
li siyvaruli.
amasobaSi varinkas vaJma saSualo
skola daamTavra da safrangeTSi,
qalaq monpelieSi gaemgzavra meve-
naxeoba-meRvineobis Sesaswavlad.
1919 wels samSobloSi momavals pe-
esei
varinka wereTeli
cxeli Sokoladi 77
terburgSi Wleqis umZimesi forma
Seeyara. dauRalavi mkurnalobisa
da rudunebis miuxedavad, igi ma-
leve gardaicvala. sasowarkveTi-
li deda karga xniT moswyda gare-
samyaros: xaliCebakrul fanjrebSi
mzis sxivs ar uSvebda da dReniadag
dastiroda dakargul erTaderT
imeds.
axali cxovrebis mSeneblebma mar-
tod darCenil varinkas misi qone-
bis didi nawili CamoarTves, xolo
saxlis nawilSi meurneobis sawyobi
gamarTes. sasowarkveTas rom ga-
mklaveboda, martosulma qalma na-
Tesavis gogona iSvila da momavlis
imedi daibruna.
am wlebis saqarTvelo sasomixdi-
li da dabeCavebuli iTmenda bol-
Sevikebis usastikes TareSs. 1924
wels swored zestafonSi, antisa-
bWoTa ajanyebaSi monawileobaSi
braldebuli imerlebi ramdenime
vagonSi Seyares da msxvilkali-
briani iaraRi dauSines, jalaTebi
isrodnen manam, vidre sasaklao
sisxlisgan ar daicala.
20-ian wlebs vinc gadaurCa, maT
win 30-ianebi eloda. es aris sta-
lin-berias jojoxeTuri erTobisa
da amitom maTi erTad xsenebis pe-
riodi, rogorc alio mircxulavas
am leqsSia:
`Cemo samSoblo, dRes Seni eri
ganaxlebuli qarTlis eria,
ase xmierad da bednierad
Sen arasodes ar gimReria.
alisferia Seni midamo,
eg Seni droSac alisferia,
Seni sicocxle aris stalini,
Seni marjvena aris beria!~
1934 wels mixeil Wiaurelma ga-
daiRo filmi `ukanaskneli maskara-
di~, romlis saocari warmateba orma
faqtorma ganapiroba: pirveli iyo _
gonebamaxviluri siuJeti, sadac sa-
qarTvelo Sedarebulia patarZals,
romelsac jer mefis ruseTis Cino-
vnikze, Semdeg burJuaze da bolos
ki _ bolSevikze gaTxovebas upire-
ben. mTeli Tbilisi alaparakda da
bevrma am filmSi dramaturgi qalis,
natalia azianis scenari amoicno.
dRemde aravin icis, rom swored man
uCivla stalinis favorit Semoqme-
ds: filmis libreto me mekuTvnis da
samarTlianobis aRdgenas moviTxo-
vo. amaod gaisarja natalia _ misi
ideiT dafrTianebulma Wiaurelma
daubrkoleblad gaikvlia gza kre-
mlis da kinematografis mwvervale-
bisken. Tavad natalias ki 1943 wels
siRaribesa da SimSilSi amoxda suli.
filmis warmatebis meore mizezi
iyo `suliko~, romelsac filmSi Ta-
vad reJisori asrulebs. advili mi-
saxvedria, Tu vis umReris Wiaureli,
vis vnebebs elaciceba?! amisaTvis ki
sxvis naSroms uSurvelad ewafeba
da sakuTrebad aqcevs _ Tavad xdeba
aqtoric, aqtioric da avtoric.
1937 wlis ianvarSi moskovSi qar-
Tuli literaturisa da xelovne-
bis pirveli dekada gaimarTa. roca
`sulikos~ asrulebdnen, beladi
Turme fexze wamodga da ise usmi-
na momRerlebs. im dRidan mTelma
qveyanam gaigo stalinis am simRe-
risadmi gansakuTrebuli siyvaru-
li da amitomac mTeli sabWoeTis
SemoqmedebiTi jgufebi erTmaneTs
aswrebdnen mis Sesrulebas, gada-
mRerebas Tu gadamuSavebas. varinka
wereTeli, cxadia, aravis uxsene-
bia, radgan `suliko~ warmodgenili
iyo, rogorc xalxuri simRera.
varinkas naTesavi, papuna wereTe-
li, romelic dekadaze rusTavelis
Teatrs axlda, samSobloSi gulda-
mZimebuli dabrunda: `sulikos~ ar-
naxuli warmateba da varinkas unu-
geSo mdgomareoba erTmaneTTan ver
Tavsdeboda.
mixvda varinka, rom mas yovel-
Tvis daiviwyebdnen, Tu Tavad ar
gaixsenebda sakuTar arsebobas,
amitomac daiwyo `brZola gaxsene-
bisTvis~: Camovida TbilisSi da Se-
sabamis saministros mimarTa:
esei
78 cxeli Sokoladi
`saqarTvelos ssr. saxkomsabWosTan
arsebul xelovnebis saqmeTa
sammarTvelos ufross
zestafonis raionis, sofel
cxrawyaros 26 komunarebis saxelobis
kolmeurneobis wevris varinka
wereTlis
g an c x a d e b a
simRera `suliko~, romelic amJamad
gavrcelebulia mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi,
misi sityvebis avtoris, akaki wereTlis
TxovniT, 1895 welSi Cem mier aris ga-
moTqmuli da gitaraze dasamRereblad
awyobili.
am simReras aRniSnul wlidan ramde-
nime wlis ganmavlobaSi mxolod me vas-
rulebdi da swored am gziT gavrcelda
igi mTel saqarTveloSi.
yovelive amis dasadastureblad me
SemiZlia warmovadgino rogorc weri-
lobiTi sabuTebi, agreTve sando mowme-
ebic, romelTa CvenebiT gamoirkveva Cemi
gancxadebis sruli siswore. aseT mowme-
ebad Cemis mxriT me vasaxeleb: sabWoTa
kavSiris umaRles sabWos wevrs, sabWoTa
kavSiris saxalxo artists, ordenosans
akaki xoravas da saqarTvelos respu-
blikis saxalxo artists, kompozitors,
ordenosans kote focxveraSvils.
gTxovT, moawyoT Tqveni Tandaswre-
biT Cemi sabuTebis ganxilva, Cem mier
dasaxelebuli mowmeebis dakiTxva da
momceT Tqvenmieri sabuTi simRera `su-
likos~ kiloze Cemi avtorobis damtki-
cebis Sesaxeb~.
sabWoTa kompozitorTa kavSiris, 1938
wlis 5 oqtombris sxdomam
(Tavmjdomare vano gokieli, eswre-
bodnen: kote focxveraSvili, Salva da-
diani, avqsenti megreliZe da xelovne-
bis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, ordenosani
sandro kavsaZe) daadgina, rom simRera
`sulikos~ avtori varinka wereTelia.
magram avqsenti megreliZem ar
isurva, rom Semosavali avtoris-
Tvis gaeyo da Tanaavtoroba daiCe-
ma. amitom varinka iZulebuli Sei-
qna, am sakiTxSi meti garkveuloba
Seetana da 1939 wlis 3 ianvars ius-
ticiis komisars mimarTa:
`mas Semdeg, rac sruliad gamoi-
rkva da dadasturda, rom simRera
`suliko~ me mekuTvnis, am nawarmo-
ebze Semosuli saavtoro honorari
me unda meZleodes uklebliv.
magram es ase ar xdeba, radgan
`saudi~ (honoraris damrigebeli
organizacia) gadaWriT ver erkveva
im erTaderTi pirovnebis preten-
ziaSi, romelic me amSemTxvevaSi
honoraris nawilSi medaveba.
es aris moqalaqe avqsenti megre-
liZe, romelic Tavis pretenzias
amyarebs ara kanonier safuZvelze,
rom mas CemTan SeTanxmebiT arse-
biTad gadaemuSavebinos da axali,
gansxvavebuli forma-Sinaarsi mie-
ces Cemi kilosTvis, aramed mxo-
lod masze, rom igi mas ara Cemgan,
aramed mraval ukve CamwerTa Sem-
deg, mxolod ubralod Cauweria da
es Canaweri Congurze daumRerebia.
aseTi operaciis Camtarebels, am
SemTxvevaSi ki avqsenti megreliZes,
Cemis cnobiT, kanoni ar unda aniWe-
bdes Tanaavtorobis uflebas.
Tu vinme Cems `sulikos~ gada-
amuSavebs da axal gansxvavebul
forma-Sinaarss miscems, es sxva
sakiTxia. avqsenti megreliZes ki
gamoqveynebuli aqvs Cemi danamRe-
ris pirdapiri ganmeoreba.
gTxovT werilobiTi ganmarteba
momceT amis Sesaxeb. amasTanave da-
vsZen ̀ sulikos~ Sesaxeb ramdenime sa-
buTs (daurTo levan asaTianis, kote
focxveraSvilis, sandro kavsaZis
werilebi, sadac isini kidev erTxel
amtkiceben varinkas avtorobas, ase-
ve kompozitorTa kavSiris 1938 wlis
5 oqtombris dadgenilebas).
1939 wlis 7 aprils xelovnebis
saqmeTa sammarTvelos ufrosis mo-
adgile, leo esakia `sauds~ ugzav-
nis werils:
`xelovnebis saqmeTa sammarTvelo
gacnobebT, rom simRera `suliko~-
s avtorobis sakiTxis garkvevis
SemdegaT, Tanaxmad warmodgenili
faqtiuri masalebisa, dadasturda,
rom aRniSnuli simReris avtoraT
unda CaiTvalos varinka wereTe-
li. honoraros 75%-i unda mieces
varinka wereTels da 25% avqsenti
megreliZes, vinaidan ukanasknels
ekuTvnis simReris Congurze damu-
Saveba da popularizacia~.
varinkas avtoroba sul male
moskovSic gaiges. 1939 wels Tbi-
lisSi leningradis kapela Camovida,
aleqsandre sveSnikovis xelmZRvane-
lobiT. rusTavelis Teatris mci-
re darbazSi gamarTuli koncertis
bolos maT `sulikoc~ Seasrules
da misi avtori scenaze aiyvanes.
aseTi yuradRebiT gakvirvebuli
varinka aRtacebas ver malavda. Sin
mimavalma, roca mas tramvaiSi ad-
gili dauTmes, naTesavs uCurCula:
`etyoba, micno am axalgazrdam~-o.
1940 wlidan qarTul kulturas
xalxuri da qalaquri simReris ga-
numeorebeli Semsruleblebi Seema-
tnen _ debi iSxnelebi. maTi deda,
vasasi lolaZe varinkas megobari
da saukeTeso momRerali iyo.
iSxnelebis repertuarSi, `suli-
kos~ garda, Sedioda varinkas meore
aranakleb popularuli `muxambazi~.
samwuxarod, dRes ukve Zalian rTu-
lia mis mier Seqmnili sxva melodie-
bis dadgena, radgan aRaravinaa ise-
Ti, visac am sakiTxze daelaparakebi.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 107
simRera `sulikos~ uamrav sanoto gamocemaTagan musikis avtori mxolod 1939
wlisazea aRniSnuli, esec imitom, rom es sakiTxi maSin sul axali garkveuli
iyo. sxva yvela gamocemas aweria: `teqsti akaki wereTlisa, musika _ xalxuri~.
esei
cxeli Sokoladi 79
panTeonidan panTeonamde da ukanavtori: giorgi maisuraZe
ilustracia: maia sumbaZe
hadrianedan iakobinelebamde
1. axali welTaRricxviT 118 wels mSvidobisa
da xelovnebis motrfiale romis imperatorma
hadrianem gadawyvita, aeSenebina taZari, rome-
lic ara erTi romelime RvTaebisadmi locvis
aRsavlenad, aramed romis imperiis yvela Rmer-
Tis TayvaniscemisaTvis iqneboda gankuTvnili.
taZris Senoba, romlis mSeneblobaSic Tavad
hobi-arqiteqtori imperatoric monawileobda,
Svid weliwadSi dasrulda da romauli arqi-
teqturis es Sedevri istoriaSi imiTac Sevi-
da, rom mas 15 saukunis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze
didi gumbaTi hqonda. taZars panTeoni ewoda,
rac berZnulad „yvela RmerTs“ niSnavs da igi
imperiis mTavar sakulto nagebobad iyo Cafi-
qrebuli. me-5 saukunis damdegs ukve qristian-
ma imperatorma honoriusma, romelmac romaul
mravalRmerTianobas brZola gamoucxada, pan-
Teonis taZari gaauqma da mis SenobaSi male
yvela qristiani mowamis saxelze kaTolikuri
eklesia ganTavsda. swored am taZarSi daibada
„yvelawmindas“ dResaswauli, romlis kultic
adamianebis mexsierebaSi mravalRmerTianobas
unda Canacvleboda.
2. 1436 wels florenciaSi, rogorc iqna, das-
rulda santa maria del fiores taZris gumba-
Tis mSenebloba: arqiteqtorma filipo brune-
leskim imisaTvis, rom moexerxebina uzarmazari
taZrisaTvis gumbaTis dadgma, rac im droisa-
Tvis evropaSi gavrcelebuli goTikuri Tu ro-
manuli arqiteqturis principebiT SeuZlebeli
iyo, scada axali teqnikis moZieba da romis pan-
Teonis gumbaTis analogiiT aaRorZina Zveli
romauli samSeneblo meTodebi, romelic male
mTel dasavleT evropaSi gavrcelda. es TariRi
xelovnebis istoriaSi axali epoqis _ „aRorZi-
nebis“, anu renesansis dabadebis dRed miiCneva.
aRorZinebaSi ki ara mxolod winaqristianuli
berZnul-romauli mxatvruli xerxebi, aramed
RmerTebisa da gmirebis saxeebic aRdga, rom-
lebmac renesansis saxviT xelovnebaSi TandaTa-
nobiT qristiani wmindanebis adgilebi daikaves.
„panTeoni“ ki renesansisa da barokos taZrebis
udidesi nawilis nimuSad iqca.
3. 1757 wels safrangeTis mefem ludoviko
XV-m gadawyvita parizSi me-5 saukuneSi age-
buli pirveli qristianuli eklesiis adgilze
giganturi taZari aeSenebina, romelic Tavisi
sididiT TviT parizis RvTismSoblis taZarsac
gadaCrdilavda. am proeqtis Sesruleba daeva-
la frang arqiteqtors Jak-Jermen suflos, ro-
melmac morigi novatoruli arqiteqturis Se-
qmna isurva da kidev erTxel romis „panTeonis“
axali variaciis mSeneblobas Seudga, magram
taZris dasrulebamde moxda safrangeTis revo-
lucia da eklesiebis mSeneblobebic Sewyda.
saavtoro
„aq mkvdrebi daqrian zRapruli
raSebiT da bedis etlebiT,
haeri sikvdiliT dafares...“
galaktion tabiZe
cxeli Sokoladi 81
4. safrangeTis revoluciis Sedegad xelisuflebaSi
movidnen „iakobinelebi“, _ revolucionerebi, romle-
bic sakuTar Tavs „patriotebs“ uwodebdnen da poli-
tikur miznad „Zveli reJimis“ srul ganadgurebas isa-
xavdnen. mefis sikvdiliT dasjiTa da eklesiisaTvis
Zalauflebis CamorTmeviT maT axali politikuri
wesrigi daamyares, romelSic suvereni ara RmerTis
mier xeldasxmuli erTmmarTveli mefe, aramed mrava-
li adamianisgan Semdgari xalxi unda yofiliyo. ada-
mianebis am axal erTobas eri, nacia ewodeboda da mis
TiToeul wevrs religiur xarisxSi ayvanili sakuTari
samSoblos Tayvaniscema aerTianebda. am miwierma re-
ligiam, romlis sasufevelic samSoblo iyo, qristia-
nuli monoTeizmis sawinaaRmdegod „warmarTuli“ mo-
deli gaimeora da sakuTari RvTaebebis _ samSoblos
mamebisa da erovnuli gmirebis Seqmnas Seudga. iako-
binelebma gadawyvites, sakuTari „RvTaebebi“ erTad
daekrZalaT da amgvarad maTi „panTeoni“ SeeqmnaT. am
mizniT 1791 wels parizSi axlad damTavrebuli gigan-
turi taZris Senoba eklesias CamoerTva da iq revo-
luciis erT-erTi beladi _ grafi mirabo daikrZala.
imave wels 13 wlis win gardacvlili frangi ganma-
naTleblis volteris neStic gadmoasvenes, Semdeg
ki Jan-Jak rusosi. volterisa da rusos saflavebiT,
erTi mxriv, safuZveli Caeyara frangi naciis „mamebis“
kults, meore mxriv ki, iakobinelebma sakuTari Tavi
frangi eris Semqmneli moazrovneebis ideur memkvi-
dred da maTi saqmis gamgrZeleblebad gamoacxades.
5. 1793 weli safrangeTis istoriaSi „iakobinelTa
teroris“ saxeliT aris cnobili, rodesac revolu-
ciurma mTavrobam konstituciiT saxelmwifos mi-
znad „sayovelTao bedniereba“ daisaxa da am miznis
yvela mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebas Seudga. terorma
gansakuTrebiT masobrivi xasiaTi revolucioner Jan-
pol maratis mkvlelobis Semdeg miiRo. Tavad marati
ki, rogorc revoluciis saqmisaTvis Tavganwiruli,
panTeonSi daikrZala.
teroris samizne ara mxolod cocxali adamianebi,
aramed gardacvlilebic aRmoCndnen: rodesac gai-
rkva, rom grafi mirabo ara mxolod revolucione-
ri, aramed faruli monarqistic iyo, iakobinelebma
mirabos neSti amoTxares da panTeonidan rigiT sasa-
flaoze gadaasvenes. ramdenime Tvis Semdeg igive bedi
ewia maratsac, romlis Sexedulebebic misi yofili
TanamebrZolebisaTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda. amitomac
daatovebines mis neStsac panTeoni.
1794 wlis ivlisSi daemxo terorze damyarebuli
iakobinelTa reJimi. fanatikos revolucionerTa
liderebma giliotinaze daasrules sicocxle. imave
wlis 11 noembers ki axalma mTavrobam iakobinelTa
klubi akrZala da amiT maTi absurduli fanatizmi-
sa da sisastikis nakvalevis waSla scada. iakobinelTa
mmarTvelobisgan ki, istorias, Semzaravi mogonebebis
garda, parizis „panTeoni“ SemorCa.
6. me-19-20 saukuneebSi parizis panTeonSi daikr-
Zala mravali rogorc cnobili frangi mecnieri,
mwerali, xelovani, politikuri moRvawe, magaliTad,
viqtor hiugo, emil zola, pier da maria kiurebi,
Jan Joresi da a.S., aseve naklebadcnobili pirovne-
ba, magaliTad, winaaRmdegobis moZraobis mebrZoli
Jan mulani an politikosi Jan mole. ase SeiZina pan-
Teonma axali, sekularuli mniSvneloba: igi yvela
RmerTis taZridan eris yvelaze saxelovani da sa-
nimuSo Svilebis gansasveneblad gadaiqca. Tumcaki
aseTi institutis mimarT damokidebuleba ukve me-
19 saukuneSive araerTgvarovani iyo: Tuki frangTa
erTi nawili mas erovnuli identobisa da siwmindis
taZrad aRiqvamda, meoreTaTvis is nacionalizmis
ideologiur simbolod miiCneoda. am mizeziTac zo-
gierTma saxelovanma frangma, maT Soris prezident-
ma Sarl de golma, sakuTari anderZiT ar isurva
panTeonSi moxvedra. miuxedavad amisa, cnobili ada-
mianebis saflavebma sanaxaobrivi funqcia SeiZina da,
vinaidan parizSi aseTi adamianebis ricxvi sakmaod
didi iyo, qalaqis yvela centraluri sasaflao er-
Tgvar Tavisebur „panTeonad“ gadaiqca.
7. me-19 saukuneSi revoluciur da sekularul ide-
ebTan erTad „panTeonebis“ modac parizidan mTel
msoflios moedo. evropis qalaqebis centralurma
sasaflaoebma, romlebzec cnobili adamianebi iyvnen
dakrZaluli, droTa ganmavlobaSi RirsSesaniSnaobisa
da turistuli atraqcionis saxe miiRo. sociologe-
bis, istorikosebisa da kulturis mkvlevrebisaTvis
1989 wels mTawmindis panTeonze merab kostava daikrZala da misi saxiT
panTeonsac aqamde ucnobi funqciis figura _ `erovnuli gmiri~ Seemata.
kostava saqarTvelos istoriaSi pirveli adamiani iyo, vinc es sapatio
tituli miiRo da xalxmac aRiara igi, rogorc `erovnuli gmiri~, Tumcaki
aravis gasCenia kiTxva, Tu ras niSnavs `erovnuli gmiroba~ an ratom iyo
kostava gmiri?
saavtoro
82 cxeli Sokoladi
ki aseTi sasaflaoebi dResac samecniero kvleva-Zie-
bis sakmaod nayofieri da warmatebuli obieqtia.
qarTul sabWoTa `RvTaebaTa~ panTeoni
8. panTeonis, rogorc sekularuli sakulto obie-
qtis pirvandeli, „iakobinuri“ mniSvneloba sabWoTa
kavSirSi, yvelaze gamokveTilad ki sabWoTa saqar-
TveloSi, aRdga: 1929 wels saqarTvelos kompartiis
centraluri komitetis dadgenilebiT, oficialurad
gaixsna mTawmindis „saqarTvelos mweralTa da sazo-
gado moRvaweTa panTeoni“. es TariRi mTawmindaze
dakrZaluli rusi poetis aleqsandre griboedovis
gardacvalebis 100 wlisTavs daukavSirda. miuxedavad
imisa, rom am droisaTvis mama daviTis eklesiis ezo-
Si dimitri yifiani, ilia WavWavaZe da akaki wereTeli
iyvnen dakrZalulebi, mTawmindas aravin sasaflaod ar
aRiqvamda. 1935 wels Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos dadge-
nilebiT, mTawmindis panTeonSi gadmoasvenes nikoloz
baraTaSvili da vaJa-fSavela, romlebic aqamde didu-
bis sasaflaoze esvenen, 1940 wels ki iakob gogebaS-
vili. amiT mTawmindaze pirveli qarTuli „panTeoni“
Seiqmna. 30-ian wlebSive „panTeons“ Seemata cnobili
qarTveli bolSevikebis da am panTeonis iuridiuli
damaarseblebis silibistro Todrias, filipe maxara-
Zisa da mixa cxakaias saflavebi.
9. „panTeonis“ Seqmnis idea saqarTveloSi pirvelad
1892 wels „qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce-
lebel sazogadoebas“ gauCnda, rodesac gardacvale-
bidan 47 wlis Semdeg nikoloz baraTaSvilis neSti gan-
jidan TbilisSi gadmoasvenes da didubis sasaflaoze
dakrZales. es sasaflao pirveli qarTuli „panTeoni“
unda gamxdariyo. amitomac momdevno wlebSi am sasa-
flaoze platon ioselianis, ieTim gurjis, ekateri-
ne gabaSvilis da sxvaTa neStebi gadmoasvenes. magram
amasobaSi oficialurad daarsebulma mTawmindis pan-
Teonma didubis sasaflaos pirveloba waarTva. Tumca
ki misi gapanTeonebac sabWoTa xelisuflebas ukavSir-
deba: 1938 wels gauqmda didubis sasaflao. erTi wlis
Semdeg ki imave teritoriaze, romelzec mxolod cno-
bili adamianebis saflavebi datoves, gaixsna mweralTa
da sazogado moRvaweTa didubis panTeoni, romelic
„meore rangis“ cnobil adamianTa gansasvenebeli unda
gamxdariyo. 70-ian wlebSi mas ukve mesame rangis _ „sa-
burTalos panTeonic“ Seemata. amiT sabWoTa saqarTve-
loSi panTeonebis mTeli kultura warmoiSva, mTeli
Tavisi ierarqiuli struqturebiTa da prestiJulobis
xarisxebiT, romlebic „aTeistur“ qveyanaSi miwieri
didebisa da ukvdavebis simbolos ganasaxierebda. amiT
„panTeonebma“ daaxloebiT igive mniSvneloba SeiZines,
rogoric am terminma XIX saukunis eTnologiasa da re-
ligiaTmcodneobaSi miiRo: mravalRmerTian religia-
Ta RmerTebis ierarqiuli da funqcionaluri klasi-
fikaciis forma. panTeonis miwaze sakuTari saflaviT
moxvedra ki sicocxlisaTvis azris mimniWebel reli-
giur surogatad an ufro „profanulad“ rom vTqvaT,
prestiJulobis aqsesuarad iqca.
10. am sam oficialur panTeons daemata araofi-
cialuri an lokaluri panTeonebic: Tbilisis sa-
xelmwifo universitetis ezoSi qarTuli mecniere-
bis korifeebis Tu operis baRSi qarTuli saopero
xelovnebis mniSvnelovani warmomadgenlebis safla-
vebi. 1984 wels ki mwerali nodar dumbaZe dakrZa-
les misive iniciativiT daarsebul pionerul qalaq
„mziurSi“, rasac erTgvari individualuri panTeo-
nis saxe hqonda.
aseTi sasaflaoebi ar yofila ubralod xsovnisa da
pativis migebis adgili: Tbilisis panTeonebze yoveli
saflavis ukan imaleba ukanaskneli saukune-naxevris
qarTuli sazogadoebis RirebulebaTa mTeli sistema,
rwmena-warmodgenebi da saazrovno kriteriumebi. swo-
red panTeonebze daibada da oficialurad gaformda
mwerlebis, msaxiobebis, mxatvrebis, musikosebisa da
mecnierebis, anu, krebiTi saxeliT rom vTqvaT, inte-
ligenciis kulti.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom iakobinuri proeqti, romelic
religiis sanacvlod, panTeonis saxiT eris saamayo da
sanimuSo Svilebis galereisa da maTi Tayvaniscemis
adgilis, rogorc erTgvari arareligiuri sakulto
obieqtis Seqmnas gulisxmobda, romelsac oficialu-
ri religiis (qristianobis) adgili unda daekavebina,
saavtoro
cxeli Sokoladi 83
saavtoro
yvelaze utrirebuli formiTac ki sabWoTa da post-
sabWoTa saqarTveloSi ganxorcielda.
„РАЗВЕ КЭКЭ ПИСАЛА?“ anu beladismSobeli
11. 1937 wels mTawmindis panTeons stalinis deda
ekaterine (keke) gelaZe-juRaSvilisa Seemata. erTi
anekdotis Tanaxmad, rodesac stalins amis Sesaxeb
moaxsenes, mas ironiulad uTqvams: „Разве Кэкэ писала?“ Tumca ki stalinis dedis saflavs qarTveli sabWoTa
xalxis warmosaxviT samyaroSi bevrad ufro didi sim-
boluri mniSvneloba hqonda, vidre amas mxolod bela-
disadmi maamebloba SeiZleba ewodos.
12. 1937 wels, stalinis uSualo miTiTebiT, sabWo-
Ta saqarTvelom ilia WavWavaZis dabadebis 100 wlis-
Tavi izeima. am TariRs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
hqonda sabWoTa periodis qarTuli cnobierebisa da
kulturuli identobis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi. ilia
WavWavaZe, romelsac ukve sicocxleSive „saqarTve-
los ugvirgvino mefesa“ da „qarTveli eris mamas“
uwodebdnen, sabWoTa saqarTvelos erovnuli iden-
tobis mTavari simboloc unda gamxdariyo. amisaTvis
ki saWiro iyo ilias „gasabWoeba“, misi gadayvana im
dros Seqmnis procesSi myof qarTul sabWoTa nara-
ciaSi.
13. Tavdapirvelad ilia WavWavaZe stalinis qarTuli
literaturisaTvis aRmomCeni xdeba: swored misi meSve-
obiT iRebs stalini pirvel iniciacias rogorc poeti,
anu, iliasave gansazRvrebiT, adamiani, romelsac eris
gasaZRolad RmerTTan saubari uxdeba. magram stalini
Sors gascda mxolod eris sulieri winamZRolisa Tu
„ugvirgvino mefis“ statuss. amitomac misi masStabebi
ufro did miToss saWiroebda. aseTi miTosis avtori-
zacia ki mxolod ilias avtoritets Tu SeeZlo. Tanac
idealur siuJets amgvari miTologemisaTvis misi leq-
si „bazaleTis tba“ iZleoda. ilia WavWavaZis „gasabWo-
ebiT“ wre Seikra, „winaswarmetyveleba“ asrulda da
bazaleTis tbis Ziras mdgar oqros akvnidan amovida
usaxelo yrma, mesia, visac dRe-da-Ram hnatrulobda
Cumis natvriTa qarTveli da mas saxelad stalini ewo-
da, riTic Tavad am winaswarmetyvelebis WeSmaritebac
dadasturda.
14. magram qarTvel mesiasac hyavda mSobeli deda,
romelmac 1937 wels miiZina da sruliad bunebrivi
iyo misi mTawmindis panTeonSi amaRleba. ekaterine
juRaSvili ara mxolod mTawmindis mweralTa da sazo-
gado moRvaweTa panTeonSi daikrZala, aramed igi qar-
Tul sabWoTa „RvTaebaTa“ panTeonSi iqna Seyvanili,
rogorc „qarTvlis deda“, rogorc beladismSobeli,
romelsac am sekularul RvTaebaTa ansamblSi RvTism-
Soblis funqcia eniWeboda. ase aRiqvamdnen da Tayvans
scemdnen mis saflavs qarTveli pedagogebi da inJin-
rebi, eqimebi da muSa-mosamsaxureebi, kolmeurneebi
da partiuli funqcionrebi _ mokled, is xalxi, vinc
qarTuli sabWoTa sazogadoebis absolutur umravle-
sobas warmoadgenda.
Tumca stalinis kultis oficialurad akrZalvis
Semdeg es miTologiuri siuJetic daikarga, daiwyo
axali siuJetebisa da simboloebis gamogonebis pro-
vinaidan saqarTveloSi panTeoni ara istoriul an kulturul fenomenad,
aramed cocxal, RirebulebiT realobad aRiqmeba da religiur grZnobebs
aRZravs, romelic `RirseulTa~ saflavebis Tayvaniscemas da `uRirsebis~
amoTxra-gangdebas gulisxmobs, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom micvalebulTa
gadasveneba-gadmosvenebis procesi 21-e saukuneSic axal Teologiur
simaRleebs Sematebs am iakobinur rwmena-warmodgenas.
84 cxeli Sokoladi
cesi. ucvleli ki mxolod Tavad panTeoni da masTan
dakavSirebuli rwmena-warmodgenebi darCa.
qarTuli postsekularuli siurrealizmi
„yorRanebidan gnoli afrinda...“ giorgi leoniZe
15. 1989 wels mTawmindis panTeonze merab kostava
daikrZala da misi saxiT panTeonsac aqamde ucnobi
funqciis figura _ „erovnuli gmiri“ Seemata. kos-
tava saqarTvelos istoriaSi pirveli adamiani iyo,
vinc es sapatio tituli miiRo da xalxmac aRiara
igi, rogorc „erovnuli gmiri“, Tumcaki aravis gas-
Cenia kiTxva, Tu ras niSnavs „erovnuli gmiroba“ an
ratom iyo kostava gmiri? amiT perestroikisa da de-
mokratizaciis xanis saqarTveloSi axali, TavisTa-
vad cxadi WeSmaritebebis xana daiwyo. es procesi ki
garegnuladac da Sinaarsobrivadac ufro religiur
reformas hgavs, vidre politikur transformacias,
rodesac mTeli reformatoruli energia Zveli ker-
pebis dangrevisa da axali dogmebis dawesebisaken
warimarTeba. iakobinuri principi ki _ panTeonisa-
dmi rwmeniTi, sakulto-religiuri damokidebuleba
ucvleli rCeba. am religiuri muxtiT aucilebeli
gaxda mTawmindidan komunisti liderebis _ maxaraZis,
cxakaiasa da Todrias gadasveneba, ramdenadac maTi
adgili axal qarTul rwmena-warmodgenaTa panTeon-
Si aRar iyo. samagierod sruliad logikuri iyo pan-
Teonis pirveli reformatoris zviad gamsaxurdias,
Semdeg ki meore erovnuli gmiris _ qaquca ColoyaS-
vilis mTawmindaze gadasveneba.
16. panTeonebis religiuri dogmatikis daxvewis sa-
qmeSi sakuTari wvlilis Setana saqarTvelos meore
prezidentma eduard SevardnaZemac scada, romlis ini-
ciativiTac mTawmindis panTeonSi dakrZalva mxolod
cnobili pirovnebis gardacvalebidan 25 wlis gasvlis
Semdeg unda gamxdariyo SesaZlebeli. anu gamoCenili
qarTveli gardacvalebis Semdeg xvdeba erTgvar „sal-
xinebelSi“, sadac mas 25 weli dro aqvs, raTa „ganiw-
mindos“ da mTawmindis „samoTxeSi“ amaRleba daimsaxu-
ros. radganac marTlmadidebloba, kaTolicizmisgan
gansxvavebiT, purgatorium-s, anu „salxinebels“ ar ic-
nobs, unda vivaraudoT, rom es idea ara me-6 saukune-
Si romis pap gregorius didis moZRvrebidan, aramed
ufro skkp-s politbiuros wevrobis kandidatobis
institutidan unda momdinareobdes.
17. Tuki iakobinuri proeqtiT panTeoni sekularu-
li religiis sakulto obieqti unda gamxdariyo da
Tavisi mniSvnelobiT oficialur eklesiasac ki Cana-
cvleboda, postsabWoTa saqarTveloSi Tavad eklesia
aqtiurad Caeba panTeonebis „gayvelawmindebisa“ da
mis gamarTlmadideblurebis procesSi, rac amasTa-
nave marTlmadideblobis gaiakobinurebasac niSnavs.
2009 wlis seqtembris dasawyisSi kaTalikos-patriar-
qi ilia II gamovida iniciativiT, rom mwerali nodar
dumbaZe imsaxurebs mTawmindis panTeons. 12 seqtem-
bers dakrZalvidan 25 wlis Semdeg saflavidan amoi-
Res nodar dumbaZis neSti da mama daviTis taZarSi
daasvenes, xolo ori dRis Semdeg ukve saeklesio pa-
naSvidiT, romelic mwerals 25 wlis win ar Rirsebia,
mTawmindis panTeonSi dakrZales. 4 oqtombers ki, me-
riisa da sapatriarqos erToblivi gadawyvetilebiT,
mTawmindaze mwerali oTar WilaZe daikrZala, da amiT
es panTeonic, adgilebis Sevsebis gamo, daxurulad
gamocxadda. magram es aranairad ar unda niSnavdes
imas, rom „zeciuri saqarTvelos“ rCeulTa sakrebu-
los kari samudamod gadairaza da masSi moxvedris
msurvelebisaTvis 25 weli salxinebelSi lodinic
amao iqneba. imedis pirveli naperwkalia sul ufro
gaxSirebuli mowodebebi, raTa stalinis deda _ eka-
terine juRaSvili gadasvendes mTawmindis panTeoni-
dan! amiT dasruldeboda sabWoTa panTeonis post-
sabWoTa reforma da qarTul iakobinur marTalTa
madideblobasac mTawmindaze vakanturi adgili ga-
mouTavisufldeboda.
vinaidan saqarTveloSi panTeoni ara istoriul an
kulturul fenomenad, aramed cocxal, RirebulebiT
realobad aRiqmeba da religiur grZnobebs aRZravs,
romelic „RirseulTa“ saflavebis Tayvaniscemas da
„uRirsebis“ amoTxra-gangdebas gulisxmobs, SegviZlia
vivaraudoT, rom micvalebulTa gadasveneba-gadmos-
venebis procesi 21-e saukuneSic axal Teologiur si-
maRleebs Sematebs am iakobinur rwmena-warmodgenas.
saavtoro
cxeli Sokoladi 85cxeli Sokoladi 85
vadimivadimiavtori: levan berZeniSvili
ilustracia: mariam zaldastaniSvili
saavtoro
vadimi, anu vadim anatolis Ze
iankovi, ganaTlebiT maTematikosi,
realur cxovrebaSi ki erTdroulad
didi topologosi, filologosi,
filosofosi, poliglotosi, maTe-
matikosi, fizikosi, qimikosi, tvini-
kosi da, ubralod da siyvaruliT da
SemoklebiT _ kosi, erT-erTi yvela-
ze niWieri da erudirebuli adamiani
iyo, vinc ki cxovrebaSi Semxvedria.
„kosi~ Cemma Zmam, daTom daarqva da
am saidumlo TikuniT mxolod qar-
TvelTa Soris moixsenieboda. daTos
gulwrfelad uyvarda, me postnic-
Seanel zeadamianad mimaCnda, Jora
mudmivad ekamaTeboda da joni Cum-
Cumad dascinoda.
1982 wels dapatimrebul vadim
iankovs mkacri reJimis koloniaSi _
4 weli da 3 weli gadasaxleba hqon-
da misjili. sapatimro vada srulad
moixada da gadasaxlebaSi buriatiis
assr-Si gauSves.
taganrogSi dabadebuli vadim
iankovi warmoadgenda Cveni poli-
tikuri banakis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
nawilis, moskovuri koloniis namd-
vil varskvlavs (magram ara liders,
radgan politikur patimar moskove-
lebs, qarTvelebisa ar iyos, erTiani
lideri arc erT politikur banakSi
arasodes hyoliaT) sxva inteleqtu-
alebTan, saSa CernovTan, Jora xomi-
zurTan, miSa rivkinTan, iaSa nefe-
dievTan erTad.
icoda inglisuri, franguli, ger-
manuli, espanuri, italiuri, Zveli
berZnuli, laTinuri da Zveli indu-
ri (sanskriti). SesaniSnavad erkveoda
zogadi da indoevropuli lingvis-
tikis, maT Soris, romanuli enebis
sakiTxebSi, icnobda Zvel da axal
qarTul enaTmecnierebas, xSirad ax-
senebda qarTveli enaTmecnierebis,
Tamaz gamyreliZis, givi maWavaria-
nis, baqar gigineiSvilis naSromebs,
SeeZlo saaTobiT esaubra ablaut-
sa da sonantTa sistemaze uZveles
qarTulSi. Zveli berZnuli imdenad
kargad icoda, rom Cvens erTobliv
seminarebze, romelsac morigeobiT
vatarebdiT xolme dainteresebul
pirTaTvis, homerosidan citatebs
unaklo heqsametriT kiTxulobda
da ar maxsovs, erTi Secdoma mainc
daeSvas (klasikuri filologiis spe-
cialistebi mimixvdebian, enis ra do-
nis codnas aRniSnavs es).
vadimi merab mamardaSvilis me-
gobari da sokratikosi iyo am si-
tyvis yvelaze ufro farTo gagebiT.
sokratesaviT weraze maRla metyve-
lebas ayenebda da xumrobiT ambob-
da, cnobili laTinuri andaza Nulla dies sine linea (arc erTi dRe striqo-
nis gareSe, anu erTi striqoni mainc
unda dawero dReSi, produqtiulo-
bis formula) CemTvis sxvagvarad
JRers _ Nulla dies cum linea (arc erTi
dRe striqonTan erTad _ dRe ar
unda iyos, rom striqoni mainc da-
wero, arasdros araferi dawero). am
principiT yvelaze metad misi meuR-
le zaraldeboda, romlis mozrdil
werilebs vadimi paradoqsebiT savse
umoklesi werilebiT pasuxobda; am
sxarti formiT gamoTqmuli para-
doqsebis mosafiqreblad ki dros ar
iSurebda.
mravalgzisi gamocdis Semdeg sa-
bolood davrwmundiT, rom vadimma
praqtikulad yvelaferi icoda, rac
SeiZleba Cven dagvWirveboda. yvela
sakamaTo sakiTxze masTan garboda
mTeli zona. sabWoTa multivitami-
nebis mama, artur andersoni masTan
gadioda konsultaciebs vitaminebi-
sa da biologiuri danamatebis Sesa-
xeb; ukrainuli social-demokratiis
lideri, iuri baZio masTan arkvevda
istoriis sazrisis sakiTxs; Cveni
mTavari geologi, giorgi xomizu-
ri TavdaviwyebiT ekamaTeboda ge-
olosinklinaliebze; Tanamedrove
ukrainuli nacionalizmis erT-erTi
mTavari Teoretikosi, dmitro mazu-
ri ebaaseboda TavisTvis sruliad
miuRebel pozitivizmze; fsiqologi
da fsiqiatri, poeti da faruli sio-
nisti boria maniloviCi daxurul in-
formacias sTxovda israelis armiis
SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb; iaponiis jaSuSi
da koreeli komunisti kan-Can-xo
yviTeli ZaRlis, rogorc idealu-
ri kerZis Sesaxeb emaslaaTeboda
da balyareli ruslan ketenCievi
futurologiur analizs ukveTda
CrdiloeT kavkasiis problemebze.
Tamamad SemiZlia vTqva, rom yo-
vlismcodne da mudam dauzareli
vadim iankovi Cveni politikuri ba-
nakisTvis iyo internetamdeli epo-
qis gugli, iahu da vikipedia erTad
aRebuli.
somexi meuRle hyavda da somxebs
pativs scemda, qarTvelebi, rogorc
TviTon ambobda, uangarod uyvarda;
uamravi qarTveli megobari hyavda
rogorc moskovSi, ise TbilisSi. er-
Txel vkiTxe, _ amdeni ena rom ici,
meuRlis xaTriT somxuri rogor ar
iswavle-meTqi da mipasuxa, _ somxuri
rom meswavla, qarTulic unda meswa-
vla, megrulic, svanuric, Semdeg
afxazuric, osuric da CrdiloeT
kavkasiis enebic da amdeni, aba, sad
SemeZloo (ar vici, meuRlesac ase
upasuxa Tu ara, magram faqtia, rom
somxuri da qarTuli anbanisadmi in-
86 cxeli Sokoladi
saavtoro
Tqven Tu sabWoTa kavSiridan gaxvalT, ruseTs demokratiuli ganviTarebis
Sansi daekargeba, saTaveSi derJavnikebi movlen, ruseTisTvis erTaderT
gamosavals moZebnian da, ubralod, Cveulebriv oms dagiwyeben, bunebrivia,
birTvuli iaraRis gareSe, mxolod tankebiT da aviaciiTo, _ gvafrTxilebda
miSa poliakovi. me veubnebodi, _ mag droisTvis saqarTvelo ukve gaero-s da
nato-s wevri iqneba da oms veravin dauwyebs-meTqi. didi problema gaqvTo,
afxazeTio, magram Cveni xazi, bunebrivia, ucvleli iyo.
teresi zonaSi gamoavlina _ me da
rafael papaians moswavled dagvid-
ga. samive qarTuli anbani swrafad
iswavla da kiTxvaSi Jora xomizurs
gauswro).
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo
programas gegmavda specialuri ko-
misia (sityva „sabWos~ gagoneba ar
undoda aravis), romelSic bolos
mec Sevdiodi da yvelaze axalgazr-
da wevri viyavi; am komisias vadimi
xelmZRvanelobda. komisiam dama-
vala vaJa-fSavelaze moxsenebaTa
ciklis momzadeba. gamixarda, _ ra
kargia, vaJa rom iciT-meTqi da kos-
ma misayvedura, _ rogor SeiZleba
vaJa-fSavela ar gvcodnoda, is xom
kosmiuri masStabis poeti da skef-
sisis Teoretikosi iyo, xolo alu-
da qeTelauri pirveli disidentio!
rusul kulturaSi odnav Caxedulma
adamianma vaJas Semoqmedeba rogor
ar unda icodes, roca mas paster-
naki, zabolocki da spaski Targmnid-
neno.
rogorc yvela gamorCeulad
niWier adamians, vadim iankovsac
uamravi Tavisebureba axasiaTeb-
da. erT-erTi yvelaze didi ucnau-
roba, vadims rom axlda, sakuTari
erovnebisadmi damokidebuleba iyo.
rusi mamisa da ebraeli dedis Svi-
li, kosi Tavs xan rusad aRiarebda
da xan ebraelad. rac mTavaria, mis
saqcielSi logikas ver daiWerdi,
veravin gamoicnobda, rodis gax-
deboda rusi da rodis _ ebraeli.
avi enebi avad xumrobdnen, ebrae-
lebis Seviwroeba rom iwyeba, maSin
rusi xdeba da, piriqiT, ebraeloba
rom sasargebloa, maSin rusobaze
uars ambobso. keTil enebs keTilad
eCvenebodaT, rom vadim iankovi swo-
red maSin debda ebraelobaze Tavs,
rodesac maTi Seviwroeba iwyeboda.
zonis administracia mebrZoli an-
tisemitebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli,
nacionalist patimrebSic antisemi-
tebi umravlesobas Seadgendnen (am
mxriv ukraineli benderelebi da
baltiispireli samxedro damnaSa-
veebi liderobdnen) da ebraelobis
Tundac xandaxan aRiareba gmirobis
tolfasi iyo.
me miyvarda kosis dapatiJeba Cem
mwir sufraze, magram sirTule mqon-
da, simwriT naSovn Roris qonis, ru-
suli, ukrainuli an litvuri salis
naxevar naWers xan damiwunebda da xan
didi oxvriT moinatrebda. bolos da
cxeli Sokoladi 87
bolos, TviTmfrinavis gamtaceblisa
da sionizmis Riad mqadageblis (si-
namdvileSi ki administraciisa da
kagebes agentis), misi sexniis, vadim
arenbergis aqtiuri moRvaweobis Se-
degad zonaSi ebrauli Tavsabura-
vi, e.w. „ermolka~ gaCnda da vadimis
erovnebis gamocnobac sagrZnoblad
gaadvilda: roca ebraelobda, Seno-
baSic ermolkas ixuravda da roca
rusobda, ermolkas sadRac malavda.
arenbergis zeobis xanaSi sasadi-
qarTvelebs da vadim iankovs erT
sakiTxze gansakuTrebuli uTanxmo-
eba gvqonda. vadimi gakvirvebuli
iyo, ratom CqarobT sabWoTa kav-
Siridan gaqcevas, gana umjobesi ar
iqneba komunizmi saerTo ZalebiT
davamarcxoT, liberaluri demokra-
tia avaSenoT da mere umtkivneulod
daviSaloTo. Cven veubnebodiT, _
Cveni qveyana mogveciT da Cvens wi-
Tlebs TviTon mivxedavTo. miSa po-
liakovi Tavis cnobil gamosavals
mwvervalis, sacivis Sesaxeb. Zveli
patimrebi dResac meubnebian an mwe-
ren, rom imis msgavsi speqtakli, rac
me da vadim iankovma davdgiT saci-
vis Taobaze politikur banakSi, ara-
sodes unaxavT. am dialogSi me, anu
viTomda gulubryvilo sokrate, ki-
Txvebs vusvamdi gamocdil sofists,
vadim iankovs, msoflio kulinariis
eqsperts, romelic bolos aRiare-
bda, rom ar SeiZleba arsebobdes
raime sacivze ukeTesi. mTlianad
saavtoro
sokrate (me): kulturaSi ras gulisxmob?
anaqsagora: rac adamianis xeliT qmnila, damuSavebula. laTinuria _ colo, colui,
cultum, colere vamuSaveb.
sokrate: kulinaria kulturaa?
anaqsagora: ara mgonia, Cemo sokrate, kultura ufro maRal materiebs moicavs.
lo darbazSi erT magidasTan isxd-
nen ermolkiani vadim iankovi, vadim
arenbergi, iaSa nefedievi da griSa
feldmani.
erTxelac sadilze SemoiWrnen
administraciis warmomadgenlebi,
kontrolior trifonovis xelmZR-
vanelobiT. trifonovma daiRria-
la: Снять головные уборы! erTi-ori
muslimi gvyavda da qudi moixades,
vadimma, iaSam da griSam ermolke-
bi moixsnes, xolo arenbergma da
rivkinma, trifonovis ganmeorebi-
Ti moTxovnis miuxedavad, ermolka
ar moiSores. patimari miSa rivkini
daumorCileblobisTvis xelaxla
daapatimres, damatebiT rva wlis
sapyrobile miusajes, Cveni zonidan
waiyvanes „kritSi~ anu sapyrobileSi,
xolo profesionali provokatori
arenbergi zonaSi dagvitoves, sanam
saerTo siZulvilis atmosferom ar
gadaagvara da Tavi permis politi-
kur banakSi ar gadaayvanina. am dRis
Semdeg vadim iankovs ermolka ar
dauxuravs, me ki misTvis sala aRar
SemiTavazebia, sanam erTxel TviTon
ar dampatiJa Savi puris naWerze, li-
tvur Sebolil salis erT lukmasa
da meoTxed kbil niorze.
gvTavazobda, _ ruseTi gaviyvanoT
sabWoTa kavSiridano. magram ianko-
visTvis es arafers niSnavda. Tqven
Tu sabWoTa kavSiridan gaxvalT,
ruseTs demokratiuli ganviTarebis
Sansi daekargeba, saTaveSi derJavni-
kebi movlen, ruseTisTvis erTaderT
gamosavals moZebnian da, ubralod,
Cveulebriv oms dagiwyeben, bune-
brivia, birTvuli iaraRis gareSe,
mxolod tankebiT da aviaciiTo, _
gvafrTxilebda. me veubnebodi, _ mag
droisTvis saqarTvelo ukve gaero-s
da nato-s wevri iqneba da oms vera-
vin dauwyebs-meTqi. didi proble-
ma gaqvTo, afxazeTio, magram Cveni
xazi, bunebrivia, ucvleli iyo.
miuxedavad sxvadasxva futuro-
logiuri xedvisa, iankovi mudmivad
cdilobda, pozitiuri da mSvidobia-
ni saerTo niadagi gamoeZebna. am gza-
ze eqsperimentebsac ar erideboda.
banakSi popularobiT sargeblobda
vadimis mier inicirebuli sokra-
tuli dialogebi, romelSic momx-
senebeli sokrates rolSi gvevline-
boda da msmenelebi mis metoqeebad
an moswavleebad. erT-erTi aseTi
sadialogo moxseneba me wavukiTxe
mSier zonas qarTuli kulinariis
Cveni dialogis aRdgena ar SemiZlia,
magram igi daaxloebiT ase mimdina-
reobda:
sokrate (me): rogor fiqrob, ana-
qsagora, msoflioSi ramdeni nacia
arsebobs?
anaqsagora (vadim iankovi): aba ro-
gor giTxra, Cemo sokrate, saxel-
mwifo-nacias Tu gulisxmob, orasze
naklebia da ena-nacias Tu gulisx-
mob, xuTi aTasic ki iqneba.
sokrate: saxelmwifo-naciaze Se-
vCerdeT, ese igi orasiao?
anaqsagora: axla naklebia, magram
zogierTi separatisti rom gaimar-
jvebs, orasic iqneba da SeiZleba
cota gadaaWarbos kidec.
sokrate: ra niSnebiT gansxvavde-
bian erTmaneTisgan saxelmwifo na-
ciebi?
anaqsagora: erTi jmuxi sofistis
mixedviT, eniT, rwmeniT, terito-
riiT, kulturiT.
sokrate: ar megona, Tu mag so-
fists daesesxebodi, anaqsagora.
anaqsagora: Tqveni fratriidanaa
da kidev me memarTlebiT?!
sokrate: kulturaSi ras gulisx-
mob?
anaqsagora: rac adamianis xeliT
88 cxeli Sokoladi
qmnila, damuSavebula. laTinuria _
colo, colui, cultum, colere va-
muSaveb.
sokrate: kulinaria kulturaa?
anaqsagora: ara mgonia, Cemo sokra-
te, kultura ufro maRal materiebs
moicavs.
sokrate: sakvebs adamianebi amza-
deben?
anaqsagora: namdvilad, sokrate.
sokrate: xeliT akeTeben amas?
anaqsagora: ZiriTadad, Cemo
sokrate.
sokrate: rogor Tu ZiriTadad?
anaqsagora: Rvinos fexiT wuraven
da zogierTi tomebi xorcsac fexiT
begvaven.
sokrate: ZiriTadad ki xeliT?
anaqsagora: diaxac, Cemo tkbilo
sokrate.
sokrate: maS sakvebi adamianis xe-
liT qmnila da damzadebula?
anaqsagora: diaxac.
sokrate: eg xom kulturis Seneu-
li ganmartebaa?
anaqsagora: gamodis, rom kulina-
ria kultura yofila, Cemo sokrate.
sokrate: ramdeni naciaao, Cemo yo-
vlismcodne anaqsagora?
anaqsagora: orasze naklebi.
sokrate: ramdeni samzareuloa
cnobili?
anaqsagora: ocamde.
sokrate: tailandursa da Cinurs
erTad xom ar angariSob?
anaqsagora: rogor gekadreba, Cemo
sokrate!
sokrate: iberiuli Tu Segyavs mag
oceulSi?
anaqsagora: orjer, Cemo sokrate.
aRmosavluric da dasavluric.
sokrate: moskovSi ramdeni espanu-
ri restorani gaqvT?
anaqsagora: arc erTi, Cemo sokra-
te.
sokrate: argentinuli?
anaqsagora: arc erTi.
sokrate: aba meqsikuri?
anaqsagora: ara, Cemo sokrate.
sokrate: aRmosavlur iberiuli?
anaqsagora: magas vin moTvlis,
sokrate batono? marto „aragvi~
rad Rirs!
papaiani: „aragvis~ mTavari mzareu-
li somexia.
sokrate: miT umetes! msoflio sa-
mzareuloTa aTeulSi qarTuli Se-
dis?
anaqsagora: ulaparakod, Cemo
sokrate.
sokrate: erTi es miTxari, anaqsa-
gora, aTeulis CamoTvla SegiZlia,
oRond vinmem rame rom ar dagvwamos,
anbanuri rigiT?
anaqsagora: magaze ioli ra unda
iyos? avRanuri, espanuri, induri,
iaponuri, italiuri, meqsikuri, tai-
landuri, franguli, qarTuli, Cinu-
ri.
sokrate: qarTvelebi amboben, rom
maTi saukeTeso kerZi xaWapursa da
sacivs Soris unda amovirCioT; da-
vuSvaT, es sacivia, danarCenebis Cem-
pion kerZebze ras ityodi, anaqsago-
ra?
anaqsagora: avRanelebisTvis esaa
kabobi kubidehiT, espanelebisTvis
paelia, indoelebisTvis kari, iapone-
lebisTvis _ suSi, italielebisTvis
pica, meqsikelebisTvis tako, tai-
landelebisTvis krevetis sufi tom
kum iani, frangebisTvis lokokina,
CinelebisTvis vefxvisa da drakonis
Setakeba.
sokrate: bolodan daviwyoT. ve-
fxvisa da drakonis Setakebas rom
ambob, drakonSi gveli xom ar igu-
lisxmeba?
anaqsagora: namdvilad, Cemo sokra-
te.
sokrate: msoflioSi bevri ici ise-
Ti xalxi, gvels rom etanebodes?
kan-Can-xo: koreelebi yvelafers
saavtoro
cxeli Sokoladi 89
vWamT, rac adamianze dabla dgas,
gvelsac da maimunsac.
anaqsagora: ara, Soreul aRmosav-
leTs da miTosur qajebs Tu ar Ca-
vTvliT, ara.
sokrate: ese igi, eg msoflio ker-
Zi ver iqneba.
anaqsagora: ase gamodis, Cemo
sokrate.
kan-Can-xo: ar giWamiaT da imitom.
sokrate: lokokinas yvela miirT-
mevs?
anaqsagora: verc eg iqneba mso-
flio saWmeli.
sokrate: umi xorcis moyvarule-
bze ras ityvi, anaqsagora?
anaqsagora: umciresobaSi arian.
iaponiis jaSuSi orlovi: suSi umi
ar aris, mTlad umi ar aris.
sokrate: rogoria suSis Sansebi?
anaqsagora: minimaluri, Cemo
sokrate.
sokrate: krevetebs volgaSi iWe-
ren?
anaqsagora: msoflios naxevarma
saerTod ar icis, raa kreveti.
sokrate: ukrevetod da qoqosis
rZis gareSe tom kum iani warmogid-
genia, dido gurmano anaqsagora?
anaqsagora: ara, Cemo sokrate.
sokrate: kargad dafiqrdi, Cemo
anaqsagora da mipasuxe, espanuri pae-
lia jobs Tu kargi uzbekuri plovi?
anaqsagora: raximovis Tandaswre-
biT tyuils ver vityvi _ uzbekuri
plovi, ra Tqma unda.
sokrate: ese igi, msoflio kerZad
eg ar gamodgeba. raRa dagvrCa?
anaqsagora: SesaniSnavi xuTeuli:
avRanuri kabobi kubidehiT, induri
kari, italiuri pica, meqsikuri tako
da qarTuli sacivi.
sokrate: italiuri pica, qarTuli
xaWapuri, rusuli vatruSka tipo-
logiurad erTnairi xom ar aris?
anaqsagora: Sen ici, Cemo sokrate
Cemi damokidebuleba xaWapurTan;
amovagdoT pica, mainc ara var didi
moyvaruli.
sokrate: meqsikuri tako raRaa,
„sbornaia salianka~ ar ajobebs, ro-
melic igivea, magram gacilebiT meti
komponentiT?
donskoi: `sbornaia salianka~ ajo-
bebs, marto mJave kitri rad Rirs!
sokrate: SevCerdeT avRanur qabo-
bze, igive qarTul mwvadze, somxur
xorevacsa da sakavSiro „SaSlikze~.
Sen Segiwvavs mwvadi, Cemo anaqsago-
ra?
anaqsagora: rogor ara, perede-
lkinoSi sul mwvadebs ar vwvavdiT?!
sokrate: aba kubidehi, qarTvelebi
rom sababs veZaxiT, isaa da eg azer-
baijanelebs rom aqvT, avRanuri imas
ver ajobebs.
anaqsagora: marTali xar, Cemo
sokrate, me rom kargad gamomdis, is
ver iqneba msoflios saukeTeso ker-
Zi. Tan yvela mwvads somxuri xore-
vaci sjobia.
sokrate: iwyeba nigvzianebis
konkursi. kari Tu sacivi?
anaqsagora: gagviWirdeba arCeva,
Zalian hgavs erTmaneTs.
sokrate: aba miTxari, anaqsagora,
xorcad ra aqvs karis?
anaqsagora: qaTami.
sokrate: sacivs?
anaqsagora: indauri.
sokrate: romeli ufro didia?
anaqsagora: Cemo sokrate, es ra
argumentia?
sokrate: romeli ufro sqelia, sa-
civi Tu kari?
anaqsagora: sacivi.
sokrate: romelSia meti nigozi?
anaqsagora: sacivSi.
sokrate: erTi jami sacivi metad
gagaZRobs Tu erTi jami kari?
anaqsagora: sacivi, Cemo sokrate.
vaRiare, sacivia msoflios saukeTe-
so kerZi da barem gviTxari, rogor
mzaddeba.
amas mohyva sacivis recepti da
damzadebis wesis aRwera. mSieri
xalxi tiroda da dialogis warma-
tebas gvilocavda. me da iankovma,
emociurad daclilebma da msaxio-
burad daRlilebma ori Termosi
magari Cai davlieT da davificeT,
rom Tavisuflebas rom mivaRwevdiT,
saukeTeso indoel da qarTvel mza-
reulebs, Sesabamisad, karisa da sa-
civs davukveTdiT da kulinariuli
brZolis velze gavarkvevdiT gamar-
jvebulis vinaobas (es martivi gas-
trocentruli ocneba jerac aus-
rulebeli gvaqvs).
rogorc ukve vTqviT, Zveli ber-
Znulis SesaniSnavi mcodne iyo,
oRond es ufro moyvarulis codna
iyo, vidre profesionalis. magali-
Tad, accusativus cum infi nitivo Teoriu-
lad esmoda, magram praqtikaSi rom
Sexvedroda, SeiZleba ver ecno. Zve-
li berZnuli enis sobolevskiseuli
saxelmZRvanelo hqonda Tan, magram
iqauri teqstebi aTasjer gadaReWi-
li hqonda. amasobaSi misi dabadebis
dRe axlovdeboda da me seriozul
saCuqars vumzadebdi. wigni-fostiT
sistemaSi germaniis demokratiuli
respublikis saxelganTqmuli seria
Teubneriana moxvda, romlis wiTeli
saavtoro
90 cxeli Sokoladi
wignebi Zveli berZnuli literatu-
ris klasikas moicavs, xolo lurji
_ romaulisas. leningradis wignis
saxlma, Cemi saeWvo ukana misamar-
Tis miuxedavad, SekveTa miiRo da
evripides wiTeli tomi gamoagzavna,
romelic misi erT-erTi Sedevris,
„alkestisis` Zvel berZnul akade-
miur gamocemas warmoadgenda. me
ar SemiZlia im emociis gadmocema,
romliTac iankovma saCuqari miiRo
_ auTenturi da araadaptirebuli
berZnuli teqsti, roca arsebobs
vadimma, rogorc TviTon uwodebda, `sicocxlis paradigmis~ gamocda momiwyo.
meubneba, warmoidgine, rom RmerTma mogca zustad imdeni wyali, ramdenic udabnos
gadasakveTad gWirdeba, arc erTi wveTiT meti da arc erTi wveTiT naklebi. midixar
udabnoSi. gxvdeba mwyurvale adamiani, gTxovs wyals, ras Svrebi? me vupasuxe, rom
wyals vasmev da gzas erTad ganvagrZobT.
sobolevskis saxelmZRvanelos mo-
zrdili leqsikoni da Zveli berZnu-
li enis diplomirebuli da xarisxis
maZiebeli specialisti! (es frag-
mentia misi samadlobelo sadRegr-
Zelodan, romelic, tradiciulad,
ufro xmamaRal Sefasebebs Seicavda
da Seisva cxeli CaiT).
manamde vadimma, rogorc TviTon
uwodebda, „sicocxlis paradigmis~
gamocda momiwyo. meubneba, war-
moidgine, rom RmerTma mogca zus-
tad imdeni wyali, ramdenic udabnos
gadasakveTad gWirdeba, arc erTi
wveTiT meti da arc erTi wveTiT
naklebi. midixar udabnoSi. gxvdeba
mwyurvale adamiani, gTxovs wyals,
ras Svrebi? me vupasuxe, rom wyals
vasmev da gzas erTad ganvagrZobT.
am SemTxvevaSi orive daiRupebiT,
wyali ar geyofaT, udabnodan ver
gamoxvalT; arao, RmerTma sicocx-
le mogca wylis saxiT da mas unda
gaufrTxilde, ar unda misceo. me
mainc mivcem-meTqi, _ vupasuxe da
kamaTic Sewyda.
wiTeli wigni rom vaCuqe, magrad
Caujda. metad gaitaca alkestisis
ideam _ Tavi gawiro sayvareli ada-
mianisaTvis, mokvde sxvis nacvlad.
ubrazdeboda evripides, romelic
miseul „sicocxlis paradigmas` ar
eTanxmeboda. alkestisi, antigones
RviZli literaturuli da Tu deda,
Tan ucnauri ZaliT xiblavda, Tan
saSinlad aRizianebda. ambobda, _ ad-
metosis moxuci deda sworad moiqca,
rodesac Svilis nacvlad ar mokvda,
moxuci mamac sworad moiqca, rode-
sac sicocxlis paradigmiT isargebla
da Svilis nacvlad ar mokvda, magram
coli, alkestisi, ase axalgazrda,
rogor ar gaufrTxilda RvTis naCu-
qar sicocxles? ar mesmis, ar minda
gavigo! albaT amitom ambobs aristo-
tele, _ evripide yvelaze tragiku-
lia poetebidano. es ram daawerina,
ase rogor SeiZleba?! da, Tu SeiZle-
ba, antigones nu adarebT, antigone
ideisTvis mokvdao da amas moayola
SesaniSnavi franguli simReris, JorJ
brasansis Mourir pour des idées _ `mokv-
de ideebisTvis~ dasawyisi:
Mourir pour des idées _ l’idée est excel-lente.
mokvde ideebisTvis _ mSvenieri
ideaa.
erTxel boris maniloviCis Ta-
osnobiT poeziis saRamo moewyo,
TiToeul patimars mxolod xuTi
wuTi hqonda sayvareli poetis war-
mosadgenad: unda waekiTxa leqsi an
fragmenti poemidan da ramdenime
sityviT warmoedgina misi Semoqme-
deba an sakuTari damokidebuleba
am poetisadmi. qronometraJisTvis
gamoviyeneT banakis mTavari xelmar-
jve ostatis, rafael papaianis mier
saxeldaxelod damzadebuli qviSis
saaTi. Joras da miSas col-qmari
mouwiaT: xomizurma nikolai gumi-
liovi warmoadgina (Sedevri muSaze,
romelmac is tyvia Camoasxa, poets
rom guls gaugmiravs) da poliako-
vma ana axmatova (rekviemi: У меня сегодня много дела...); ideis avtorma
maniloviCma Tavisi usayvarlesi osip
mandelStami airCia (Кому зима _ арак и пунш голубоглазый), me galaktioni
(domino: „mesmis am gamZafrebis wa-
mwamebis kankali~), rafikam paruir
sevaki („samxmiani liturgia~), geli
donskoim aleqsandr bloki (Tematu-
ri, magram pesimisturi: Девушка пела в церковном хоре), saSa Cernovma bo-
ris pasternaki (Ты значил все в моей
судьбе) da vadimma marina cvetaeva. am
dRes vadimma yvela gagvaoca, Cveu-
lebriv civma da ironiulma iankovma
uCveulo mRelvarebiT waikiTxa ram-
denime sruliad genialuri fragmen-
ti cvetaevas poemidan Поэма конца da Tavisi gamosvla daamTavra didi
poetis cxovrebis ukanaskneli wlis
tragikuli movlenebis gaxsenebiT,
rodesac sasowarkveTil da mSier
cvetaevas ukanasknelma gulSematki-
vrebma samsaxuri uSoves mweralTa
saxlSi _ geniosis xvedri aRmoCnda
damlagebloba, magram did poets es
Tanamdebobac ver daukavebia: saxel-
ganTqmul ilia erenburgs uTqvams,
_ am Tanamdebobaze ufro Rirseuli
kandidati arsebobso da marina iva-
novnas bedic gadawyvetila. vadimma
cvetaevas ukanaskneli navsayudeli,
tragikuli elabuga axsena da brZana,
rusuli glubinkis es manamde usaxe-
lo da dResac ubadruki adgili ma-
rina cvetaevam ukvdavyo mTel mso-
flioSi, iseve, rogorc napoleonma
vaterloo, ara mravalTagan erT-er-
Ti gamarjvebiT, aramed erTaderTi
damarcxebiT.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 108
saavtoro
cxeli Sokoladi 91
gagrZeleba
<<< dasawyisi gv. 38
abanoebis rigSi fridrixTan erTad
movxvdi. xelze saaTis magvari raRac ga-
mikeTes, miTxres 12-ze gareT gamoxval,
Tu arada, Cven gamogiyvanTo. kargi-Tqo.
ucnauri adgili iyo es gamoqvabuli aba-
noebi. kldeSi, sxvadasxva tipis ramdenime
sacurao auzi mkrTali SuqiT naTdeboda.
jer Cadiodi erT auzSi, iqidan gacura-
vdi boloSi da gamoqvabulSi amodio-
di. kedlebze gakeTebuli isrebiT Sen
TviTon irCevdi, sad waxvidodi. Tumca,
didi arCevani arc yofila, sadac unda
gagexvia, mainc auzSi Cadiodi. erTader-
Ti gansxvavebiT, yvela auzSi sxvadasxva
temperaturis wyli esxa. wyliT dafarul
kibeebze CavdiodiT, rom sixarulisgan
akankalebuli xmiT sonias gadavuCur-
Cule, _ auu, ar ggonia rom titanikSi
xar? ai, boloSi uinsleti xelborkile-
bis gasaRebs rom eZebs, mand-Tqo? so-
niam mzrunvelurad gamiRima, rac imas
niSnavda, rom msgavsi fantazia mxolod
me mawuxebda da gatransul ungrelebs
gavxede, romlebic CanCqerTan ganabule-
bi idgnen da Zlieri WavliT masaJs ike-
Tebdnen. `wamo, iqiT CavideT~, _ sadRac
dampatiJa soniam. uceb... movdundi. sonia
kedels mieyuda da Tvalebi daxuWa, ar
mindoda, magram Zalauneburad mec igive
gavakeTe. TiTqos sizmaric vnaxe... gulis
cema yurebSi mesmoda, sisxli ZarRvebSi
giJurad moZraobda. davamTqnare kidec...
35 Tu 39? ra weria? fokusi gavaswore
da kedelze didi Termometri davinaxe
_ 39-gradusiani wyali asxia am auzSi?
sonia! _ gavxede Cems megobars (ornelas
Semdeg), sonias kedelze miyudebuls eZi-
na. garSemo mimovixede, auzSi myofTagan
yvelaze axalgazrda 70 wlis qalbatoni
davinaxe, romelic yvavilebiani CaCiT ga-
trunuli idga da yuradRebiT makvirde-
boda. saerTod, am auzSi yvela idga, rad-
gan lamis 40-gradusian wyalSi kedelTan
miyudebas Tu moaswrebdi. mere wylis
skamic davinaxe invalidebisaTvis da _ ee,
sonia, wamo ra, mgoni sxvagan movxvdiT-
Tqo, _ Zalian nela da damarcvliT Zlivs
amoviluRluRe. 12 saaTze abanoebTan Ca-
momdgar iasamnisfer ikarusSi ZlivsZli-
vobiT avfofxdiT. mTeli ukana gza xma
aravis amouRia, yvelas eZina. marto fri-
drixi xmaurobda _ dedaa, ra kargi iyoo.
is dRe saerTod aRar maxsovs. mTeli dRe
daxuWuli TvalebiT davdiodi.
festivali dasasruls uaxlovdeboda.
finuri filmi vnaxeT _ `tomasi~, rome-
lic cxadi iyo, rom gaimarjvebda. mar-
tosuli fineli, marto dadioda, marto
Wamda... mokled is iyo, razec sonia me-
laparakeboda xolme. xorvatuli filmi
daiwyo Tu ara, uceb gverdidan viRac
qalma rusulad CamCurCula, _ `vi iz
gruzii da? kakaia karwina, vso plaCu i
plaCu. i vafSe, kakoe bila vremia, kagda
bilo napisano `soiuz film predsto-
vliaet! oox~... ra SuaSi iyo?!
`aba, aba, avediT droze~, _ gaisma me-
ore dRes uTenia, isev im ikarusTan da
festivalis stumrebi gamouZinebeli sa-
xeebiT cicqna qalaqSi _ riCiSi wavediT
eqskursiaze. _ `adolf cukori didi
kaci iyo~, _ daaxloebiT ase daiwyo qa-
laq riCis merma gamosvla. adolf cuko-
ri, romelic holivudis erT-erT mTa-
var `mamad~ iTvleba, ungreTSi, riCiSi
daibada. 15 wlis iyo, rodesac saxli da-
tova da Tavgadasavlebis saZieblad ame-
rikaSi Cavida. is iyo pirveli, vinc kinos
sadistribucio kompania Seqmna, daaarsa
Paramount pictures... pirveli, vinc mixvda,
saWiro iyo msaxiobebSi varskvlavTa
sistemis SemoReba. mokled rom vTqvaT,
yvelaferi, rac dRes holivudSi xdeba,
swored adolf cukoris bralia. kacis,
romelic mTeli cxovreba holivudis
varskvlavebs qmnida da romelic Tavis
Tanasoflelebs, yoveli bavSvis daba-
debisas, fuls ugzavnida. wagviyvanes
cukoris saxelobis, yvavilebiT mor-
Tul kinoTeatrSi, mere mis saxlTan ga-
gvatares, _ aq axla sxva ojaxi cxovrobs
da SigniT ver SevalTo. bolos ki turis
aucilebeli detali _ simwvaneSi Caflu-
li cukoris dedis saflavzec gagviyva-
nes. Tan ukan Jurnalistebi dagvyvebod-
nen adgilobrivi televiziis kamerebiT.
mere viRacebma kiTxvebi dausves mers,
_ deda Tu naxa mas mere, rac cnobili
gaxdao... cukoris fuli Tqven qalaqsac
Tu Sexvdao; razec meri uaryofis niSnad
Tavs SeuCereblad aqnevda. viRacam isic
ki Tqva _ me vici, 100 wlis rom gaxda, mis
dabadebis dReze sapatio sityva TviT
hiCkokma warmoTqvao. mec da ornelamac
bevri fotoebi gadaviReT da bolos,
mTelma ikarusma did sufrazec amovya-
viT Tavi. mapatieT, Tu ungruli nacio-
naluri kerZis, `guliaSis~ moyvaruli
xarT, magram liplipa cximSi mocurave
sosisebis, sardelebis da isev! Roris
xorcis danaxvam, sul mTlad damikarga
mada da carieli palinka (Cveneburad
WaWa), didi jRanvis Semdeg ramdenjerme
movylupe. bolos saCuqrebi dagviriges
_ Rvinis Wiqa warweriT `adolf cuko-
ri~ da isev ikarusSi Cagvsves. ar vici,
ikarusis brali iyo Tu ara, magram ukana
gzaze yvelas CagveZina; yvelas, fridri-
xis garda. mTeli es festivali, Tavisi
SexvedrebiT Tu eqskursiebiT, saza-
fxulo skolis damamTavrebel saRamos
hgavda, iseTs, romelic kidev didxans,
diidxans gemaxsovreba. mere zogjer ga-
gaxsendeba da gagecineba kidec. ise, ra
ubeduri gemo hqonda sonias biokanfe-
tebs... arada, sul veubnebodi, _ uh, uh,
ra kargia-Tqo...
`industriuli~ qalaqi miSkolci
92 cxeli Sokoladi
Suqura<<< dasawyisi gv. 42
rasakvirvelia maTTvis aravis au-
xsnia, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi (sinamd-
vileSi), sulac ar momxdara im ideis
ganxorcieleba, romelsac namdvili
socializmi hqvia da amitomac alpe-
ris filmSi sakmaod igrZnoba erTgva-
ri guldawyveta da erTgvari sevdac
amis gamo. Tumca piradad, mxiaruli
Turquli filmi arc minaxavs (arc
manamde) da SesaZloa is specifiuri
esTetika, romelic ukve damaxasiaTe-
blad Camoyalibda Turqul kinoSi,
ganapirobebs kidec mis mimarT aseT
minorul ganwyobas. arcTu Soreul
warsulSi, qarTul kinosac hqonda
mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Ta-
viseburebebi, romelic Cvens filmebs
aTas kino-xmebsa da kino-ferebSi ga-
moarCevda, magram Cven aseTi qarTu-
li kino, samwuxarod, ukve davkargeT.
Tumca amave baTumis festivalze, is
qarTuli filmic vnaxe, romelmac
mSobliuri kinosadmi skeptikurad
ganwyobil adamianebsac ki daacde-
nina optimisturi Sefasebebi. zaza
uruSaZis films hqvia `sami saxli~
da nato murvaniZe iseTi magaria, rom
Tundac misi niWis gamosayeneblad
Rirs qarTuli kinos gadarCena. Sei-
Zleba ubralod meCveneba, magram Tu
qarTulma kinom mainc SeZlo im mo-
jadoebuli wris garRveva, romel-
Sic samwuxarod aRmovCndiT, mere is
qarTul literaturasac gaukvalavs
gzas did saerTaSoriso asparezze,
Teatrsac da Rvinosac. evroorTq-
mavlis funqciis Sesruleba, yvelaze
swrafad, rasakvirvelia fexburTs
SeeZlo, magram qarTveli fexburTe-
lebi iseTi Senelebulebi aRmoCndnen,
rom maTi TamaSis Senelebul gameo-
rebasac ki ver axerxebs Tanamedrove
teqnika da amitom axla, Cveni mTavari
imedi qarTuli kinoa.
mTavari intriga ki, baTumis fes-
tivalze, ra Tqma unda, lars fon
trieris `antiqriste~ iyo, romelmac
yvelgan didi xmauri gamoiwvia, sadac
es filmi ukve aCvenes da im saRamos
kinoTeatri `Tbilisic~ ise iyo xal-
xiT gadaWedili, rom auditorias
filmis dawyebamde gogi gvaxariam mi-
marTa. gasuli saukunis velur oTx-
mocdaaTian wlebSi, Tavis telega-
dacemebiT, iseTi gmiruli sijiutiT
cdilobda gansxvavebuli azrisadmi
pativiscemis damkvidrebas Cvens sa-
zogadoebaSi, rom gogi gvaxarias im
mSvenieri Sesavali sityvis warmoTqma,
rasakvirvelia ar gauWirdeboda. Tu-
mca erTxel, SeiZleba gogi gvaxariac
ki Secdes da misi varaudi imasTan
dakavSirebiT, rom lars fon trieris
filmis naxvisas, daaxloebiT meTxuT-
mete wuTidan mayureblebi darbazis
datovebas daiwyebdnen (rogorc es
magaliTad kanSi moxda), baTumSi ar
gamarTlda. Cven, winaswar ukve daSi-
nebulma qarTvelebma, erTmaneTs xe-
lebi CavWideT da gamwarebuli danie-
li reJisoris bolo films bolomde,
sul bolomde vuyureT. Tqven jvari
gweriaT da erTaderTi, vinc kino-
seansi naadrevad datova, givi sixa-
ruliZe iyo, romelmac im saRamos,
mgoni isedac SemTxveviT gamoiara
darbazis misadgomebTan da pirdapir
`antiqristes~ SeefeTa. Cven ki mainc
bolomde visxediT ekranis pirispir
da Cems ukan mjdomi kote TayaiSvili
ki, mainc poulobda xumrobis Zalas
maSinac ki, roca gvegona rom daniuri
mgeli mainc naRdad SegvWamda. mgo-
ni Cveni istoriac eg aris da amitom
aRarafers vityvi avRaneli reJiso-
ris sidiq barmakis `opiumis omze~ an
fransua ozonis filmze, romelsac
`riki~ hqvia, radgan kinoze marTla
usasrulod SemiZlia saubari da wig-
nis mere, kino mgoni kacobriobis me-
ore mTavari gamogonebaa, romelsac
SegiZlia Tavi maSin Seafaro, roca
yvelaze Zalian giWirs...
p.s. am werilisTvis sul sxva saTau-
ri mqonda SerCeuli (`rogor gavxdi
ukeTesi~), magram TviTonve aradama-
jereblad meCvena Cemi gamosworeba
da Tanac aleqsandriis Suqura ga-
maxsenda, romelic baTumis yvelaze
maRali Senobis danaxvisas, albaT
sxvebsac agondebaT xolme. Tumca es
mxolod baTumSi ki ara, mgoni saqar-
TveloSic ki yvelaze maRali Senobaa
da yvelasTvis iseTive sakamaTo nage-
bobaa, rogorc iqve, gverdiT mdgomi
arqiteqturulad Zalian Wreli da
brWyviala saxli, magram es kamaTi
naklebad mainteresebs. me maintere-
sebs da minda vicode (daaxloebiT
mainc), rom odesme, momavalSi, Tu ba-
Tumis kinofestivalis monawile-stu-
mrebi, baTumisken gemiT wamovlen, ra
manZilidan dainaxaven isini Seraton-
Suqura-sastumros, radgan rogorc
erTi argentineli kaci ityoda _
viyoT realistebi da moviTxovoT
SeuZlebeli...
gagrZeleba
cxeli Sokoladi 93
gagrZeleba
<<< dasawyisi gv. 46
qaoturi iyo sainJinro saqmec. axal
nagebobebs Zalian dabali esTetikuri
done hqondaT. modaSi Semovida `bri-
zgi~, xsnariT Selesili, primitiuli
xorkliani zedapiri. es iyo erTader-
Ti meTodi Senobebis mopirkeTebis _
aranairi qva, aranairi graniti, an sxva
dekoratiuli elementebi. maSin menaSe-
neebisTvis mTavari amocana iyo mokle
periodSi didi mogebis naxva. aravis ain-
teresebda Senobebis esTetikuri Rire-
buleba. politikuri sistema amis saSu-
alebas iZleoda. da daiwyo totaluri
mSeneblobis veluri procesi. ZiriTa-
dad mSenebloba e.w. prestiJul ubnebSi
mimdinareobda, radgan iq uZrav qonebas
meti fasi hqonda. am procesma savala-
lo Sedegi gamoiRo. dRes am dasaxle-
bebis simWidrove aRemateba gonivruls
da iq cxovreba nakleb komfortulia.
albaT male daiwyeba am qonebis sabazro
Rirebulebis dacema.
Tumca normalizacia mainc Seetyo am
veluri mSeneblobis process. is, rom
gaCnda cnobili arqiteqtorebis namuSe-
vrebi _ Tavdacvis saministro, preziden-
tis rezidencia, ukve dadebiTi movlenaa.
SeiZleba mogwondes an ar mogwondes, ma-
gram mSeneblobis xarisxi, axali masale-
bis da axali teqnologiebis gamoyeneba
zrdis arqiteqturul kulturas.
erTi Tanamedrove urbanisti ambobs,
rom mkacri regulaciebi aferxebs qa-
laqis ganviTarebas da axSobs lokalur
inovaciur procesebs. is fiqrobs, rom
maqsimaluri Tavisufleba, qaosi qmnis
swored unikalur urbanul nimuSebs,
rom kapitalizmi mainc homogenur sis-
temaze dgas. radikaluri urbanizmis-
Tvis ki mTavari disonansebis Seqmnaa. Tu
simWidrove da mravalferovneba badebs
sicocxles, is sicocxle uwesrigobiT,
disonansiT ikvebeba. is ambobs, rom xalxs
sistemaze ukeT SeuZlia siaxleebis aTvi-
seba da cvlilebebTan adaptireba, Tu es
cvlilebebi nabij-nabij xdeba. rodesac
maRalia monawileobis momenti, metia
pasuxismgeblobac. rogor SeiZleba si-
vrciTi mowyobis regulireba ise, rom
Tan bunebriv ganviTarebas ar SeuSalos
xeli, amave dros ki, urbanuli procesebi
ise marTo, rom qaosSi ar gadaizardos?
stiqiuri ganviTareba marTlac badebs
originalur da ganumeorebel formebs,
romelic qmnis egzotikas da individu-
alur saxes aZlevs ama Tu im dasaxle-
bas. roca yvelaferi mSralad da xistad
aris gawerili, iq aranairi improvizacia
aRar arsebobs da yvelaferi erTmaneTs
emsgavseba. es seni hqonda sabWoTa epo-
qis qalaqebs. axali ubnebi tyupebiviT
hgavda erTmaneTs sabWoTa kavSiris sxva-
dasxva qalaqSi. magram es qaosic unda
iyos marTvadi. saqarTvelos konstitu-
ciaSi weria, rom qveynis sivrciTi mo-
wyobis koncefcia gveqneba maSin, roca
davibrunebT afxazeTs da samaCablos. es
niSnavs, rom qveyana dResac viTardeba
stiqiuri urbanuli kanonebiT, romlis
kontrolic ubralod SeuZlebelia. ar
arsebobs aranairi generaluri ganvi-
Tarebis gegma, arc satransporto, arc
ekologiuri, cxadia _ arc urbanuli.
gadawyvetilebebi miiReba voluntaris-
tulad, impulsurad. Sesabamisad, es
gadawyvetilebebi vulgarulia da ver
Wris qalaqis problemebs.
aucilebelia ganisazRvros, qala-
quri sistemis ra elementebs SeuZliaT
sakuTari stiqiuri bunebiT Seqmnan
raRac ganumeorebeli formebi da ra
aris umarTavi, rom ar moxdes urbanu-
li katastrofa. samwuxarod, es Cven ar
viciT. aseTi urbanuli modeli Zalian
daxvewili sazogadoebis xvedria, rad-
gan es aris qalaqis marTvis xelovneba.
Cveni qalaqis administracia mxolod
msxvili qalaqmSeneblobiTi aqciebis
`gapiarebiT~ cdilobs Seqmnas STa-
beWdileba, rom qalaqi imarTeba. sina-
mdvileSi, es ase ar aris.
rogoria Tanamedrove qarTuli urba-
nuli garemo? is arqiteqtura, romelic
iqmneba, axali, originaluri formebia,
Tu ukve arsebulis gameoreba?
CvenTan Semodis urbanuli subkul-
turis yvelaze standartuli da Sablo-
nuri nimuSebi. rkina-betonis karkasi,
Semosili minis garekaniT, romelic Ti-
Tqos tovebs simsubuqis STabeWdilebas,
ireklavs garemos da aris ultraTana-
medrove. es etapi dasavleTma gasuli
saukunis 60-ian wlebSi gaiara. CvenTan
es ara stili, aramed axali teqnolo-
giaa. Zalian gvian SemoaRwia man qveyana-
Si. zogadad stili ar momwons, radgan
CemTvis es aris amerikuli arqiteqtu-
ra gadaxarSuli winaaziuri gonebiT
da gemovnebiT, romelic dRes mxolod
Tanamedrove arqiteqturis imitacias
akeTebs.
dRevandelma xelisuflebam Tu icis
sivrciTi mowyobis politikuri mniSvne-
loba?
nebismieri xelisuflebis ganuyofeli
Tvisebaa, xeli SeuSalos yvela qvemodan
momaval yvela iniciativas. rogorc ki
mosaxleoba TviTon ikisrebs am funq-
cias, xelisufleba iZulebuli iqneba,
daemorCilos am wesrigs.
qalaqi _ TviTon sazogadoeba
94 cxeli Sokoladi
gagrZeleba
arsebobs sazogadoebaSi qalaqis mar-
TvaSi monawileobis moTxovna?
samwuxarod ara. Tu gvinda, rom Zve-
li Tbilisis sistema aRvadginoT da
gvinda, qalaqs hqondes jansaRi cxo-
vreba, sabWoTa periodis mavne praqti-
ka unda daviviwyoT. qalaqis realuri
marTva iwyeba qvemodan, TviTmmarTve-
lobidan, ubnebis doneze. xalxma Tvi-
Ton unda airCios mmarTvelebi da am
TviTmmarTvelobebs hqondes damouki-
debeli finansebi, romelsac gankarga-
vs mosaxleoba. xalxma yvelaze kargad
icis, ra sWirdeba ubans, saiT unda mi-
marTon es Tanxebi _ gzebze, komunika-
ciebze, saxuravebze Tu fasadebze. es
ar unda iyos meriis gadasawyveti. dRes
yvela problemaze erTi kaci zrunavs.
meriaSi Cinovnikis erTaderTi intere-
sia, upatakos xelmZRvanelobas, ram-
deni lifti SeakeTa, vTqvaT, gldanSi.
am dros, adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
interesia, moawesrigos is garemo, sa-
dac cxovrobs. radgan kargad movlil
teritoriaze izrdeba maTi sakuTre-
bis Rirebulebac. demokratiis done
sazogadoebaSi miT ufro maRalia, rac
ufro maRalia adgilobrivi TviTmmar-
Tvelobis damoukidebloba centris-
gan. da es damoukidebloba pirvel ri-
gSi finansuri unda iyos. meria unda
zrunavdes zogad saqalaqo probleme-
bze _ wyalmomarageba, energosisteme-
bi, dasufTaveba da a.S. danarCens unda
wyvetdes adgilobrivi organo. mar-
Tvis decentralizaciiT SesaZlebeli
gaxdeba, umarTavi urbanuli procesebi
garkveul logikur CarCoSi moeqces.
rodesac dRes mTavrobas moundeba da
gzas gaakeTebs, xval moundeba da ba-
Tumis reabilitacias wamoiwyebs, mere
siRnaRs gaalamazebs, mere abasTumanSi
wava. zeg sad wava, aravin icis. xeli-
sufleba absoluturad umarTavia da
amiT, cxadia, igebs. es procesi damoki-
debulia voluntaristul gadawyveti-
lebebze da aranair gegmas ar mihyve-
ba. amitom, bunebrivia, xelisuflebas
xels ar aZlevs am sferos mowesrige-
ba. es procesi qvemodan unda daiwyos
da mosaxleobam Tavad unda izrunos
sakuTar garemoze. xelisufleba amas
arasdros gaakeTebs. mTavrobas awyobs
es TamaSis wesebi.
memkvidreoba
<<< dasawyisi gv. 56
badris saidumloebebi hqonia;
imdeni saidumloeba erTad, rom
sruliad SesaZlebeli iyo, Tavi-
si anderZis dasamali mizezebic
hqonoda, rogorc amas zelcerisa
da keis banakSi amtkiceben. maTi-
ve mtkicebiT, badrim gardacva-
lebamde sami TviT adre moawera
anderZs xeli, 2007 wlis 14 noem-
bers, niu iorkSi, pirdapir quCa-
Si gareganaTebis Suqze. es maSin
moxda, rodesac franklinis quCis
kuTxeSi mdebare restoran Nobu Next Door-Si megobrebTan erTad
sadilobda da sufra sul ramde-
nime wuTiT datova, viTomda ha-
erze gamosasvlelad da sigaretis
mosawevad.
ori mamakacis didi
megobroba
63 wlis boris berezovskim bo-
los Tavisi megobari gardacva-
lebamde 4 saaTiT adre naxa. dRe
erTad gaatares. badris advoka-
tis, britaneTis yofili genera-
luri prokuroris, lord piter
goldsmitis ofisSi Sexvedras
Sexvedraze marTavdnen. saRamos
Svid saaTamde erTad molxenac
cxeli Sokoladi 95
gagrZeleba
moskovSi, kontrolis mecnierebaTa
prestiJul institutSi muSaobda.
badri sainJinro fakultetze swa-
vlobda da Tbilisis sabWoTa saa-
vtomobilo qarxana `avtovazSi~ mu-
Saobda. 1989 wels berezovskim da
misma samma megobarma gadanaxuli
Tanxa Seagroves da 12 aTasi dola-
riT kompania `logovazi~ daafuZ-
nes _ firma, romelic berezovskis
biznesimperiis saZirkveli gaxda.
`logovazma~ pirveli didi moge-
ba dasavleT germaniidan naxmari
avtomobilebis SemoyvaniT moita-
na, rac maSin sakmaod sarfian saq-
med iTvleboda. ukve 1993 wels ki,
`logovazSi~ badris misvlidan ori
wlis Tavze, CaxlarTuli finansu-
ri manevrebis Sedegad berezovski
da patarkaciSvili `avtovazsac~
daepatronen.
Semdegi Svidi wlis ganmavlo-
baSi, mTavrobis mier gamocxade-
buli privatizaciis periodSi,
auqcionebis saSualebiT, orma
megobarma moipova kontroli ua-
mrav saxelmwifo kompaniaze. maT
Soris iyo: nacionaluri aviaxaze-
bi `aerofloti~, ruseTis wamyva-
ni satelevizio arxi `oerte~ da
sagamomcemlo saxli `komersanti~.
roman abramoviCTan erTad isini
daepatronen navTobisa da gazis
kompania `sibneftsa~ da ruseTis
aluminis industriis udides na-
wils. bolos ki es saqmeebi gaa-
erTianes erT kompaniaSi saxelad
`rusali~. aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
berezovski da badri, ramdenime
sxva oligarqTan erTad, rogore-
bic iyvnen abramoviCi da mixeil xo-
dorkovski, ramdenimegzis miliar-
derebi gaxdnen. kapikebad Caigdes
xelSi kompaniebi. zustad ase mo-
xda `sibneftis~ SemTxvevaSic. es
kompania berezovskim, abramoviCma
da badrim `SeiZines~ sul raRac
100 milion dolarad mTavrobis
mier gamocxadebul auqcionze 1995
wels. rodesac ori wlis Semdeg
Ria bazarze `sibnefti~ Tavidan Se-
afases, aRmoCnda, rom misi fasi 5
miliardi dolari iyo.
udavo iyo, rom biznesmenebi
eniT auwerel simdidres elvis
siswrafiT agrovebdnen im dros,
rodesac ekonomika ingreoda, sa-
zogadoebis nawili ki SimSilis pi-
ras iyo misuli. kritikosTa didi
nawilisTvis isini iyvnen `banditi
kapitalistebi~, rusi xalxis xar-
jze gamdidrebuli `kleptokra-
tebi~, magram sabolood, didi po-
litikuri Zalauflebis gamo, maT
mainc termini `oligarqi~ SerCaT.
boris elcinis prezidentobis
wlebSi oligarqebi ise iqceodnen,
rogorc virtualuri, Crdilova-
ni mTavroba. maTi lideri berezo-
vski iyo _ qarizmuli, politikur
TamaSebSi gawvrTnili da cbieri,
sxvebis gadabirebisa da Savbneli
intrigebis mowyobis didostati,
romelic dasneulebul da smas-
gadayolil ruseTis prezidenti-
sa da misi korumpirebuli viwro
wris finansur da politikur
svengalad iqca. rasakvirvelia,
swored berezovskis maqinaciebis
damsaxureba iyo, rom krizisis pi-
ras myofi prezidenti 1996 wlis
saprezidento arCevnebSi yvelasa-
Tvis moulodnelad mainc postze
darCa.
rusi oligarqebis aRzevebis
qronikebSi badri iSviaTad fi-
gurirebs. da roca ki misi saxe-
li sadme wamotivtivdeba, badri
moxseniebulia mxolod, rogorc
berezovskis rigiTi partniori,
romlis movaleoba iyo adreul
1990-ianebSi kriminalur bandeb-
Tan urTierTobis garkveva. sxva-
Ta Soris, swored am kriminalur
bandebs ukavSirdeba 1994 wels
im bombis afeTqebac, romelmac
mZRols Tavi moglija, berezovski
ki saavadmyofoSi ori kviris gan-
mavlobaSi iSuSebda Wrilobebs.
Tumca, rogorc berezovski
hyveba, 1995 wlidan situacia
Seicvala. rogorc ki man TiTq-
mis mTeli Tavisi yuradReba po-
litikisken mimarTa, badri ara
mxolod misi Tanasworuflebiani
partniori gaxda, aramed maTi bi-
moaswres, Semdeg ki daiSalnen da
sareiSi Tav-TavianT saxlebSi wa-
vidnen, badri 600 aTas dolarad
Sefasebuli `meibaxiT~ Sin mZRol-
ma waiyvana, berezovski ki eghamSi
40 milion dolarad Sefasebul
mamulSi gaemgzavra. mas Ramis or
saaTze daurekes. berezovski ba-
dris mamulisken dauyovnebliv
gaemarTa, magram rodesac miaRwia,
policias saxlisken misasvleli
gza ukve gadaeketa da aRar Seu-
Sves. Ramis sam saTze man lord
tim bels daureka, piaris gurusa
da margaret tetCeris saarCevno
kampaniis yofil mrCevels da ac-
noba, rom badri mokvda. roca am
sityvebs ambobda, berezovski ti-
roda.
17 wlis ganmavlobaSi dRe ar
gavidoda ise, rom maT erTmane-
Ti ar moekiTxaT. `ZmebiviT iyv-
nen~, _ ambobs martin pompaduri,
romelic orives aT welze metia,
icnobs. erTmaneTisgan radikalu-
rad gansxvavdebodnen. berezovski
_ dabali, Savi TvalebiT, radia-
ciuli energiiT _ inteleqtuali
iyo. badri _ didi da TeTrTmeba,
sqeli, stalinis stilis ulvaSiT
_ `neli da frTxili~, yovelTvis
mSvidi da pragmatuli kaci, ganvi-
Tarebuli intuiciiT. magram ise
axlos iyvnen erTmaneTTan, _ am-
bobs berezovskis erTi megobari,
_ `sayvarlebi gegoneboda~.
miuxedavad imisa, rom berezo-
vskis uzarmazari ojaxi hyavda _
coli, didi xnis sayvareli, yofi-
li coli da eqvsi Svili _ `mis-
Tvis badrize ufro axlo aravin
arsebobda, Tu ar CavTvliT deda-
miss~. `erTmaneTs dReSi 5-6-jer
urekavdnen, TiToeul wvrilmans
aTanxmebdnen, _ ixsenebs ina, _ es
iyo ori mamakacis guliTadi mego-
broba, am sityvis saukeTeso gage-
biT~.
erTmaneTi 1987 wels gaicnes, sa-
bWoTa kavSirisTvis saSinel perio-
dSi. xelfasidan xelfasamde Tavis
gataniT cxovrobdnen. maTematikur
mecnierebaTa doqtori berezovski
96 cxeli Sokoladi
gagrZeleba
znesimperiis gankargvac daiwyo.
berezovski strategiul sakiTxe-
bs agvarebda _ adgenda biznesis
gafarToebis gegmebs da muSaobda
politikuri mxardaWeris mosapo-
veblad, badri ki agvarebda yve-
lafer danarCens. is awarmoebda
finansur molaparakebebs, zrdida
Semosavlebs, awesrigebda hol-
dingis struqturas.
ra Tqma unda, badri iyo is kaci,
romelmac politikuri garantie-
biTa da proteqciiT uzrunvelyo
abramoviCis Sesvla rusuli alu-
minis industriaSi. abramoviCis
sasamarTlo dokumentebis mixed-
viT, romelTa nawyvetebic `lon-
don TaimsSi~ gamoqveynda, badrim
es saqme miliardobiT dolaris
safasurad gaakeTa. es Tanxa abra-
moviCma berezovskisa da badris
gadauxada.
2001 wels badri abramoviCs
sent-moricis aeroportSi da-
xvda da berezovskisTvis 1.3 mi-
liardi dolaris gadaxda mos-
Txova. es Tanxa dRes yvelaze
aSkarad gamoxatulma oligarqma
da britanuli safexburTo klu-
bis `Celsis~ mflobelma maSinve
gadaixada; agreTve gadaixada 585
milioni dolari, romelic badrim
mas imis sanacvlod mosTxova, rom
urTierTobas erTmaneTTan sabo-
lood gawyvetdnen. `frTxili da
gamWriaxi gonebis mqone badri mu-
dam CrdilSi idga, sazogadoebaSi
gamosaCenad win yovelTvis boriss
uSvebda, magram boriss zurgs yve-
la situaciaSi umagrebda~, _ ambo-
bs martin pompaduri.
`is CemTvis iyo mamac, Zmac da
vaJic _ samive erTdroulad~, _
ixsenebs berezovski meifearis
erT-erTi ofisis darbazSi Cawe-
ril interviuSi. `Cven idealuri
kombinacia gvqonda. pirvel rigSi,
erTmaneTis ndobas vgulisxmob~,
_ ganagrZobs saubars da wamiT
Cerdeba, `parlament 100~-is Rers
rom moukidos _ zustad imave si-
garets, romelsac badri eweoda.
`konfliqti arasdros mogvsvlia.
arc erTxel. zustad vici, xanda-
xan raRacaSi vcdebodi da cde-
boda isic. magram mis Secdomebs
viRebdi ise, rogorc sakuTars, is
ki Cems Secdomebs iRebda sakuTa-
riviT. saocari guli hqonda. me
Zalian _ rogor giTxraT _ eqs-
tremaluri var. uamravi mteri
myavs, uamravi megobaric. magram
badri yvelas umegobrdeboda, Cem
mtrebsac ki. sakmarisi iyo badris
gacnoba da is maT maSinve ganaia-
raRebda. mis winaaRmdeg brZola-
ze uars ambobdnen~.
dRes mtrebs Soris yvelaze se-
riozuli mteri abramoviCia, ro-
melsac berezovski londonis sa-
samarTloSi uCivis da misgan 4.3
miliard dolars iTxovs. saSinlad
daZabul orTabrZolaSi, romelic
sajarod mimdinareobs (dacvis
biWebTan erTad berezovskim ferwa-
sul abramoviCs TviTon gadasca
dokumentebi sloun stritze, her-
mesis butikSi), berezovski amtki-
cebs, rom 2001 wels putinma is da
badri aiZula, sabazro fasze ga-
cilebiT iafad mieyidaT abramovi-
CisTvis sakuTari wilebi `sibneft-
sa~ da `rusalSi~, aseve `oerteSi~.
abramoviCi ki braldebas uaryofs.
sarCeli berezovskim martom aR-
Zra, mas badri ar SeerTebia, magram
daTanxmda, berezovskis mowmed
dadgomoda. misi gardacvalebis Se-
mdeg ki berezovskim, badris saxiT,
mTavari mowme dakarga.
magram dakarga ufro metic.
erT-erTi megobris TqmiT, badris
sikvdilma berezovskis cxovreba
`jojoxeTad uqcia~. `badri zru-
navda borisis cxovrebaze. da
warmoidgineT _ kvdeba adamiani,
romelzec gegona, rom Sens cxo-
vrebaSi TiToeul wvrilmans agva-
rebda, magram aRmoCndeba, rom
Turme arc araferi mougvarebia~.
berezovski ambobs, rom is gaogne-
buli iyo ̀ sruli qaosiTa~ da awewi-
li saqmeebiT, rac badrim datova.
berezovskis mtkicebiT, maT yvela-
feri, mTeli qoneba orad gaiyves
_ saxlebis, manqanebis, TviTmfri-
navebisa da iaxtebis gamoklebiT.
gaiyves Tanabrad, 50/50-ze. magram
erTmaneTis mimarT absoluturi
ndobis gamo es SeTanxmeba furcel-
ze arasdros gauformebiaT. `ar va-
qcevdi yuradRebas, ramdeni fuli
gvqonda erTad, sad gvqonda fuli
gadanawilebuli, anda rogor awes-
rigebda badri kontraqtebs. am saq-
meebis Sesaxeb me araferi vicodi, _
agrZelebs berezovski da brazisgan
xmas uwevs, _ da arasdros vicodi,
rom aseTi axlo urTierToba akav-
Sirebda jozef keisTan da rom mas
ase Zalian endoboda~.
gaqceuli brundeba
badris urTierToba jozef
keisTan gamocanad rCeba TiTqmis
yvelasTvis. maTi dedebi naxevar-
debi iyvnen da bavSvobis nawilic
TbilisSi erTad hqondaT gatare-
buli. kei, romlis axalgazrdobis
saxelia ioseb kakiaSvili, ojaxTan
erTad StatebSi 1970-iani wlebis
SuaxanebSi gadasaxlda da niu io-
rkSi dabinavda, sadac 1991 wlamde
cxovrobda kidec, vidre badris-
Tan xelaxla ar gaaba kontaqti.
ukve erT weliwadSi keim `oer-
teSi~, moskovSi badrisTan daiwyo
muSaoba. male man kompania dato-
va, magram badris mrCevelis pos-
ti mainc SeinarCuna. xalxi am ga-
dawyvetilebam gaaoca. eWvgareSe
iyo, maT axlo urTierToba hqon-
daT _ kei yvelasTan aRniSnavda,
rom aRmerTebda badris, samagie-
rod badris wreSi ar moswondaT
is. `Zalian usiamovno kaci iyo~,
_ ixsenebs vladimir voronovi.
erTxel kolegebma hkiTxes, Tu
ratom endoboda keis ase. `bori-
sic mis winaaRmdeg iyo, yvela mis
winaaRmdeg iyo ganwyobili~, _ ix-
senebs meore megobari, magram `ba-
drim maT upasuxa, _ biWebo, SemeS-
viT, Cemi mizezebi maqvs~.
am mizezebis Sesaxeb danamdvi-
lebiT aravin araferi icis, ma-
gram aris erTi Teoria, romelic
badris yofil partniors ekuTv-
nis _ badris problemebi hqonda
cxeli Sokoladi 97
da keize TandaTan damokidebuli
amitom gaxda.
2000 wlis Sua periodamde, eqvsi
TviT adre, vidre swored badris
da berezovskis daxmarebiT gapre-
zidentdeboda, putinma oligar-
qebisTvis moicala da sastikad
gaafrTxila isini, politikisgan
Sors daeWiraT Tavi. berezovskim
gafrTxileba arad Caagdo. male
is da putini mosisxle mtrebad
iqcnen. 2000 wlis miwuruls be-
rezovski badrisTan erTad ru-
seTidan gaiqca. TviTon inglisSi
dasaxlda, sadac 2003 wels miiRo
kidec politikuri TavSesafari.
badri saqarTveloSi dabrunda.
Semdeg ambavi ise gagrZelda,
rogorc le karis romanSia: rusu-
li dazvervis samsaxurebma badris
da berezovskis biznesebs Seuties,
gadauWres dafinansebis wyaroebi,
gaaqcies investorebi. sakuTari
qonebis gadasarCenad, romelsac
oligarqebi wlebis ganmavloba-
Si isedac ofSoruli fiqtiuri
kompaniebis daxmarebiT icavdnen,
badrim axal-axali mindobilo-
bebiT namdvili rubikis kubikis
awyoba daiwyo. mxolod ase Tu
gadamalavdnen sakuTar qonebas.
man daiwyo sakuTrebis sxva ada-
mianebis saxelze gaformeba, maT
Soris iyo keic. 2001 wels, rode-
sac ruseTis mTavrobis gavleniT
ramdenime dasavlurma bankma Tqva
uari badris fulis miRebaze, man
daiwyo asobiT milioni dolaris
gadatana sabanko angariSebze,
romlebic keis saxelze iyo. dro-
Ta ganmavlobaSi, rogorc inas sa-
samarTlos dokumentebSi weria,
kei daepatrona ara mxolod fiSe-
ris kunZuls, aramed niu iorkis
mega-restoran `buda barsac~, mis
saxelze gaformda dasasvenebe-
li kompleqsebi espaneTsa da ma-
rokoSi. axla, rodesac patarka-
ciSvilis erT-erTi mrCeveli am
ambebs ixsenebs, badris Secdomad
uTvlis, rom `egona, jozefis
gakontroleba ioli iyo~.
daunsaid manorSi, erT mzian
SuadRes ukana terasaze Caweril
interviuSi ina qaliSvilebis _
lianasa da ias, sami SviliSvilis
da siZis TandaswrebiT ambobs,
rom badris sicocxleSi keis did
yuradRebas ar aqcevda. zelcers
ki meuRlis dakrZalvamde mxolod
erTxel Sexvda.
berezovski ki acxadebs, rom
zelceri erTi SexedvisTanave
icno. isini erTmaneTs pirvelad
niu iorkSi, 1994 wels Sexvdnen.
maSin berezovski zelceris daqi-
ravebazec ki fiqrobda, magram am-
bobs, rom misi kandidatura ar mo-
ewona da gadaifiqra. Tavisi azri
zelceris Sesaxeb arc badrisTvis
daumalavs, roca is daaxloebiT
erTi wlis Semdeg, amerikaSi mcxo-
vreb rusulenovan advokats eZeb-
da. berezovskis axla sjera, rom
badrim zelceri maSin masTan Seu-
Tanxmeblad daiqirava.
zelceri sabWoTa kavSirSi dai-
bada da gaizarda. StatebSi 21
wlisa gadavida, 1974 wels. samsa-
xurs samsaxurze icvlida, erTi
piroba juliardis skolaSi swa-
vlobda, vidre 1990 wels niu io-
rkSi advokatTa sakvalifikacio
gamocda Caabara. Tumca, mis Se-
saxeb dRemde dadis Worebi, rom
sauniversiteto diplomi iuris-
prudenciaSi sabWoTa kavSirSi
ar miuRia, rogorc amas TviTon
amtkicebda.
roca berezovskis pirvelad
Sexvda, zelceri Tavis yofil
klients, rusul bank `inkombanks~
sasamarTloSi urCevda saqmes. sa-
samarTlo dokumentebis mixed-
viT, zelcerma bankis ofSoruli
angariSebidan 2 milioni dolari
moxsna da nawili Tavisi yofili
meuRlis, anas mier kontrolire-
bad angariSebze, nawili ki Tavi-
si biznes-partnioris, prokuror
aleqsandr fiSkinis angariSebze
gadaitana. zelceri uaryofda,
rom fuli `inkombanks~ mohpara,
klients TviTon uCivla da is
iqiT daadanaSaula mewileebisa da
depozitorebis Tanxebis miTvi-
sebaSi. procesi warmatebiT das-
rulda _ `inkombanki~ 1998 wels
sul daixura.
momdevno wels zelcerma Sta-
tebSi garkveuli avtoriteti
moipova im rolis gamo, rac man
Bank of New York-is Tavs gadaxde-
nil rusuli fulis gaTeTrebis
skandalSi Seasrula. amerikul-
ma mediam maSin zelcers Seuqmna
fulis gaTeTrebis teqnikisa da
rusuli mafiis eqspertis imiji.
mediam zelceri daxata, rogorc
axal ruseTSi korufciis wina-
aRmdeg mebrZoli samarTliani
iuristi. mas Cvenebis micema kon-
gresis winaSec mouxda. amitom
presisTvis mTavar sainformacio
wyarod iqca. Tumca, popularo-
bam didxans ar gastana. 2000 wels
`niu iork TaimsSi~ gamoqveynebul
statiaSi is mniSvnelovani doku-
mentebis gayalbebaSi daadanaSau-
les da zelceris varskvlavic
nel-nela Caqra.
rodis gaicno jozef keim zel-
ceri, ucnobia, magram 2004 wlis
bolos zelcerma da aleqs fiSkin-
ma delauerSi daaregistrires
kompania saxelad JWL Entertainment Group. rogorc patarkaciSvilis
sadavo anderZSi weria, es iyo
jozef keis kompania, romelsac
badris mTeli qoneba unda ga-
ekontrolebina. savaraudoa, rom
badrim es winaswar icoda, amitom
xsenebuli kompania arasdros ux-
senebia Tavis uaxloes biznes-mr-
CevelebTanac ki.
ori wlis Semdeg, rogorc fiSki-
ni hyveba, anu 2006 wlis 14 dekem-
bers, niu iorkis sastumroSi Man-darin Oriental badrim xeli moawera
mindobilobis werilsac, riTac
zelceri aRWurva sruli uflebiT,
ekontrolebina patarkaciSvilis
saqmeebi misi sikvdilis Semdegac
ki. am uflebas badri oficialurad
aniWebda maincdamainc zelcers,
roca paralelurad daqiravebuli
hyavda umaRlesi klasis amerikeli
da ingliseli iuristebi. dokumen-
ti notariulad fiSkinma daamowma,
gagrZeleba
98 cxeli Sokoladi
romelmac 11 Tvis Semdeg notariu-
lad gaaforma ukve misi anderZi.
man iseve, rogorc emanuel zel-
cerma da jozef keim am publika-
ciisTvis komentaris gakeTebaze
uari ganacxades.
2006 wlis bolos, ruseTidan
gamoqcevis xuTi wlis Tavze ba-
dri saqarTveloSi didi gavle-
nisa da Zalauflebis mqone saq-
mosani gaxda. man daafinansa 2003
wlis `vardebis revolucia~, ro-
melmac mixeil saakaSvils pre-
zidentoba gaunaRda. imave wels,
vidre saakaSvliT ganixibleboda
da daaskvnida, rom misi marTvis
stili sul ufro metad avtori-
taruli xdeboda, badrim daafuZ-
na telekompania `imedi~, romelic
gaxda mTavrobisgan damoukide-
beli erTaderTi axali ambebis
mauwyebeli kompania. man nel-nela
daiwyo putinTan urTierTobis
aRdgenac da arxebis gakvalva da-
savleTSic, ris gamoc, bina in-
glisSi daido. sakuTari biznesis
prestiJis gazrda da amerikeli
da evropeli investorebis mozid-
vac Zalian surda. amitom ambobs
erT-erTi misi mrCeveli dRes,
rom badri imxanad `sakuTari imi-
jis aRdgeniT~ iyo dakavebuli.
rCeboda mxolod erTi winaRo-
ba _ berezovski. gaqcevis Semdeg
berezovski putinis yvelaze xma-
lamoRebuli kritikosi gaxda, ris
gamoc, ara mxolod putinis mtro-
ba daimsaxura, aramed _ gayalbe-
bisa da fulis gaflangvis ofi-
cialuri braldebac, risTvisac
masze saerTaSoriso Zebna gamo-
cxadda.
berezovskis am politikur Ta-
vgadasavlebs badri enTuziazmis
gareSe, magram mainc uZlebda. 2006
wels ki, rodesac berezovskim
rusebs SeiaraRebuli revolu-
ciis dawyebisken sajarod mouwo-
da, misi problemebi `badrisTvis
didi finansuri dartyma iyo~, _
ambobs patarkaciSvilis erT-erTi
mTavari biznes-mrCeveli irakli
ruxaZe, romelic `selford kapi-
talis~ direqtoria, anu im kom-
paniis, romelic badris mraval
investicias akontrolebda. `be-
rezovskisTan kavSiris gamo, mas
ekonomikuri saqmianobisTvis mso-
flios mraval qveyanaSi Seekra
xel-fexi. sabanko angariSebsac
ver xsnida. arada, biznesis keTeba
dasavleT evropaSi da kidev bevr
sxva adgilas surda. mjera, rom
is amiT ar iTrguneboda, badri ar
fiqrobda. rom es iyo mZime jvari,
romelic mTeli darCenili cxo-
vreba unda etarebina~.
imave wlis TebervalSi, badrim
da berezovskim sajarod ganacxa-
des, rom finansurad maTi gzebi
iyreboda. gegma aseTi iyo, badri
gamoisyidda saerTo biznesidan
berezovskis wils da sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi sistematurad ga-
dauxdida mas garkveul Tanxas.
miuxedavad amisa, badris erT-
erTi mrCeveli varaudobs, rom am
nabijiT badrim, SesaZloa, bere-
zovskis `reaqtiuli~ gavlenisgan
Tavis gaTavisufleba scada. Tum-
ca, bolomde es mainc ver SeZlo.
inas TqmiT, 2007 wlis Semodgoma-
ze swored berezovski iyo is ada-
miani, vinc badrize gavlena moa-
xdina da daarwmuna, saprezidento
arCevnebSi mieRo monawileoba.
arada, piradad inasa da ojaxis
megobrebis azriT, es gadawyveti-
leba damRupveli iyo.
`ar minda, gamoviyeno sityva
`Zaldataneba~, _ ambobs berezo-
vskisa da badris erTi saerTo me-
gobari, _ magram borisma uTxra,
`mismine, badri, es Seni qveyanaa.
rogor SegiZlia uyuro (ra dReSi
hyavs Cagdebuli saakaSvils) Seni
samSoblo? raRac gagebiT, boris-
ma sul odnav waaqeza badri~, _ ix-
senebs megobari da imasac dasZens,
rom berezovskisTvis badris ga-
prezidentebis perspeqtiva Zalian
`momxibvleli~ iyo. berezovski
axal dasayrdens eZebda `ruseTis
mTavrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis-
Tvis~. badrimac irwmuna, rom ase
sjobda. ina Seecada, qmris gada-
wyvetilebaze emoqmeda. `is biz-
nesmeni iyo, politikosi ki ara,
amisTvis is jer mzad ar iyo~, _
ambobs ina.
badri yoymanobda. Tan cdunebas
ver uZlebda, Tan eSinoda. imave
seqtemberSi saqarTvelos yofilma
Tavdacvis ministrma satelevizio
interviuSi ganacxada, rom saakaS-
vilma mas badris mokvla ubrZana.
saakaSvili amtkicebda, rom minis-
tri tyuoda, magram TviT berezo-
vskic ki _ romelic dRes uaryofs,
rom badri politikaSi TviTon Sei-
tyua da amtkicebs, rom es misi pi-
radi gadawyvetileba iyo _ ambobs,
rom badris usafrTxoeba imxanad
marTlac Zalian adardebda. amitom
misi dacvis gaZlierebazec izruna.
erTxans badris 120 profesionali
icavda. magram 2007 wlis noember-
Si berezovskim megobari saqarTve-
losken mainc gamoistumra. `Tu sa-
mSobloSi ar dabrundeboda, yvela
ifiqrebda, rom badris eSinia, _ am-
bobs berezovski, _ mas ki wasvla ar
undoda, amitom vuTxari, `badri,
unda waxvide. isic adga, imitom,
rom ukve gasvlas apirebda da mi-
Txra, `boris, uCemod ras izamdi~?
2 noembers badri TbilisSi mra-
valricxovani momitingeebis winaSe
gamovida da sityviT mimarTa maT.
rom ara es gamosvla, misma vizitma
saqarTveloSi SeumCnevlad Caiara.
Tumca, misi wasvlidan ramdenime
dReSi, 7 noembers qveyanaSi Zala-
dobiT savse antisamTavrobo am-
boxi daiwyo. im Rames, rodesac
`imedis~ wamyvani pirdapir eTerSi
ijda, Senoba policielebma aiRes.
ori dRis Semdeg saqarTvelos ge-
neralurma prokurorma ganacxada,
rom badri mTavrobis damxobis geg-
mis SemuSavebaSi iyo eWvmitanili.
anderZi
erTi kviris Semdeg, rogorc
zelceri da misi kolegebi ambo-
ben, badrim anderZs moawera xeli.
aravin uaryofs, rom 14 noembers
badri marTlac iyo niu iorkSi.
wasvla amerikaSi 14-Si dilas ga-
gagrZeleba
cxeli Sokoladi 99
dawyvita. ramdenime mrCevelTan
erTad londonidan berezovskis
kuTvnili Bombardier Global Express TviTmfrinaviT naSuadRevs ga-
frinda. berezovskis TviTmfri-
navi imitom airCia, rom is misaze
swrafi iyo. rogorc zelceris
32 wlis mdivani, vladlena fanki
hyveba, TviTmfrinavis afrenidan
ramdenime wuTSi mas zelcerma
daureka da sTxova, badris Sexve-
droda. `Zalian swrafad miRebu-
li gadawyvetileba Canda. badrim
emanuels 14-Si daureka da uTxra,
`mzad var~, _ ambobs fanki da
dasZens, rom badris zelcerisTvis
ukve hqonda gagzavnili anderZis
ramdenime egzemplari. fanki ixse-
nebs: `badri SeSinebuli Canda~. mas
Tavisi ori ojaxis bedic adarde-
bda. surda, `orive coli uzrun-
velyofili daetovebina~. kei ki
Tavisi anderZis aRmsruleblad
nawilobriv imitomac airCia, rom
eSinoda, ina mis meore cols me-
mkvidreobidan arafers argunebda.
`es yvelaferi badris surda ase.
ar undoda, vinmes rame gaego~, _
ambobs fanki. misi TqmiT, anderZs
xeli badrim naCqarevad moawera.
es daaxloebiT saRamos 11 saaTze
moxda, Nobu Next Door-Si gamarTu-
li sadilis paralelurad. fanki
erT-erTi oficialur mowmeTagani
iyo. `badri megobrulad meqceoda.
miTxra, rom gaexarda Cemi naxva da
mogvibodiSa, rom restoranSi ver
SegvipatiJebda~.
rodesac badris gardacvalebis
dReebs ixsenebs, ina ambobs, rom
yvelaferi Zalian swrafad moxda.
24 saaTic ar iyo gasuli, rom jo-
zef keim badris ramdenime fondi-
dan 12.8 milioni dolari moxsna.
erT kviraSi `imeds~ daepatrona.
paralelurad, saqarTvelos xe-
lisuflebam gaxsna arxis gayinu-
li angariSebi da keisac `imedis~
amoqmedebis Sansic mieca. amaso-
baSi berezovskic gamoCnda, rome-
lic inasgan moiTxovda, moewera
xeli dokumentebze da eRiarebi-
na, rom berezovski flobda ba-
dris qonebis naxevars. jer kidev
SokSi myofma, xeli dokumentebs
marTlac moawera. igive gaakeTes
badris qaliSvilebmac. advokatma
qaRaldebi maT pirdapir saojaxo
TviTmfrinavis bortze gadasca,
afrenamde ramdenime wuTiT adre,
roca deda da Svilebi TbilisSi
badris dasakrZalad mifrinavdnen.
sajarod gamocxadebuli finan-
suri gayridan ori wlis Semdeg
berezovski axla amtkicebda, rom
`gayra~ mxolod erTgvari triuki
iyo, raTa rogorme mas da badris
TavianTi biznesi rusuli sada-
zvervo samsaxurisgan daefaraT.
axla berezovski acxadebda, rom
sinamdvileSi araferi Secvlila,
is da badri qonebis isev saerTo
mepatroneebi iyvnen.
Tumca, simarTlis damtkicebaSi
xels ori problema uSlida. pir-
veli iyo is, rom badrisTan aras-
dros gauformebia kontraqti,
amitom dokumentebiT sakuTar si-
marTles ver daadasturebda; me-
ore problema ki badris anderZi
iyo, romlis mixedviTac, qonebis
sruli ganmkargavi jozef kei xde-
boda, rogorc anderZis kanonieri
aRmasrulebeli. qonebis mTavar
beneficiarebad ki amave anderZSi
dasaxelebulni iyvnen badris ori
coli, sami Svili da ojaxis danar-
Ceni wevrebi _ yvela, berezovskis
garda. Tuki anderZi, anda rogorc
mas formalurad eZaxdnen, `survi-
lebis werili~ originali iyo, ga-
modioda, rom badrim Tavis Zvel
biznespartniorsa da uaxloes me-
gobars araferi dautova.
berezovskis Tavidanve sjero-
da, rom anderZi `gaayalbes~. ma-
gram Tuki sakuTar simarTleSi
odnav mainc epareboda eWvi, zel-
cerTan Sexvedris Semdeg eWvebi
sul mTlad gauqra. is zelcers
misi daJinebuli da ramdenime-
gzis Txovnis Semdeg belgravia-
Si, sastumro `halkinSi~ Sexvda.
inasa da berezovskis sasamarTlo
Cvenebebis mixedviT, zelceri be-
rezovskisTan garigebis dadebas
Seecada. gegma aseTi hqonda: qone-
bas samni _ berezovski, jozef kei
da zelceri gaiyofdnen, badris
ojaxs ki 10-15 procents dauto-
vebdnen. berezovski ambobs, rom
gaocebuli darCa, roca zelceri
mogvianebiT mas da mis iuristebs
isev Sexvda da garigebis daweri-
li egzemplari miutana. `Sublis
Zafi hqonda gamwydari. arafris
rcxvenoda~, _ ambobs berezovski.
magram rogor SeiZleboda misi
SeCereba? Tu legalur gzas air-
Cevda, araferi gamovidoda, si-
tuacia isedac labirinTs hgavda
_ badri inglisSi ki cxovrobda,
magram saqarTvelos moqalaqe iyo,
ris gamoc mis qonebaze saqarTve-
los iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda.
Tuki, damtkicdeboda, rom misi
anderZi marTlac yalbi iyo, ma-
Sin saqmeSi Semodioda amerikuli
iurisdiqciis sakiTxic, radgan
anderZi manhetenze gaformda. be-
rezovski ambobs, `mivxvdi, rom Tu
am gzas gavyvebodi, saqme wlebis
ganmavlobaSi gaiweleboda~.
naSuaRamevs minskSi
konkretulad ra dros daukav-
Sirdnen saWiro adamianebs bela-
rusSi berezovskis warmomadgen-
lebi, ucnobia. Tumca, arsebobs
foto, romelzec Cans minskis ae-
roportSi daSvebuli berezovskis
piradi TviTmfrinavi 2008 wlis 27
Tebervals _ emanuel zelcerisa
da vladlena fankis gauCinareba-
mde ori kviriT adre. berezovski
ambobs, rom man ubralod acnoba
belarusSi Tavis xalxs, rom male
minskSi Cavidoda kaci, romelic
Seecdeboda, daemtkicebina, rom
`Cveni qonebis gankargvis sruli
ufleba~ hqonda.
3 marts, berezovskis erT-erTma
advokatma, romelic imavdrou-
lad inasTvisac muSaobda, inas
saxeliT belarusis generalur
prokurors miswera werili, ro-
melSic amtkicebda, rom, rogorc
Cans, zelceri da kei `apireben,
ganaxorcielon winaswar dageg-
gagrZeleba
100 cxeli Sokoladi
mili mcdeloba da, gayalbebu-
li dokumentaciis gamoyenebiT,
moipovon arakanonieri da dauS-
vebeli gavlena patarkaciSvilis
qonebaze msoflios sxvadasxva
kuTxeSi~. paralelurad, berezo-
vskim zelcers acnoba, rom badri
belarusSi mniSvnelovan qonebas
flobda da Tuki anderZi marTali
iyo, zelceri belarusSi unda Ca-
suliyo da Tavisi klientis qoneba
iqac moeZia.
faqti, romelzec aravin davo-
bs, gaxlavT is, rom 2008 wlis 11
martis saRamos, berezovski zel-
cerTan da fankTan erTad sakuTar
londonur ofisTan axlos, res-
toran Nobu-Si sadilobda. faqtia
isic, rom imave Rames, 1 saaTze
berezovskis piradi TviTmfrinavi
minskSi dafrinda, bortze ki zel-
ceri da fanki imyofebodnen. isini
daapatimres da mogvianebiT indus-
triul SpionaJsa da gayalbebaSi
dasdes brali. daxurul sasamar-
Tloze braldeba orives daumtki-
ces. zelcers sami wliT, fanks ki
erTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkve-
Ta miusajes. oriveni `kgb~-s mier
kontrolirebad Sroma-gasworebiT
koloniaSi Casves. fanki SarSan
martSi gaaTavisufles, zelcers
ki patimrobis vada Seukveces da
30 ivniss isic gamouSves mas Sem-
deg, rac gavrcelda cnoba, rom
zelceri Zlier avad iyo da misi
gaTavisuflebis procesSi amerikis
mTavroba CaerTo.
yvela mxare Tanxmdeba imazec,
rom berezovskim Cveneba misca
saidumlo sasamarTlo procesze,
romelic 2008 wlis agvistoSi
gaimarTa. process eswreboda be-
larusis prezidentis, aleqsandr
lukaSenkos mTavari mrCeveli da
berezovskis Zveli nacnobi. bere-
zovskis TqmiT, isic simarTles Se-
esabameba, rom man zelceri cixeSi
moinaxula. `misi iZuleba mindoda,
iqneb, rogorme simarTle eTqva, _
ixsenebs berezovski, _ ase yvela-
feri gacilebiT ufro gamartiv-
deboda, magram arafriT ar qna~.
mTel am saqmeSi sakiTxi, rome-
lic azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwve-
vs, Semdegia: gafrindnen Tu ara
zelceri da fanki belarusSi
sakuTari surviliT. zelceri da
fanki amtkiceben, rom isini Za-
liT miaTries asafren bilikamde
da ZaliT Casves TviTmfrinavSi
_ braldeba, romelsac berezo-
vski uaryofs. fankis versiiT ki,
berezovskisTan sadilis Semdeg
Soriaxlo kafeSi yavis dasale-
vad Sevidnen. kafes saxeli fanks
ar axsovs, magram kargad axsovs,
rogor adga sufridan berezovski
ramdenime wuTiT da rogor da-
brunda ukan yavis ori sasmeliT
_ erTi fankisTvis iyo, meore _
zelcerisTvis. `axla vxvdebi, rom
SeiZleba Nobu-Si sadilis bralic
yofiliyo, magram rogorc ki ra-
mdenime ylupi kapuCino movsvi,
uceb garSemo yvelaferi gabundo-
vanda. laparaki sul ufro Sori-
dan Camesmoda, ucnauri xmebi mes-
moda. Tavs ise vgrZnobdi, TiTqos
wami-wamze goneba unda damekarga.
Semdeg aRaraferi maxsovs. maxso-
vs mxolod, rogor gavaxile Tva-
li TviTmfrinavSi. darwmunebuli
var, rom raRac Camiyares an kerZ-
Si, an sasmelSi, anda yavaSi~.
berezovski amtkicebs, fankis
versia sruli sicrueao. is amtki-
cebs, rom `yava saerTod ar yofi-
la~ da rom fanki da zelceri lu-
tonis aeroportisken, romelic
londonidan 30 milis manZilze
mdebareobs, sadilis damTavre-
bisTanave naCqarevad sakuTari
surviliT gaemarTnen. is adas-
turebs imas, rom minskSi zelce-
ri da fanki misi TviTmfrinaviT
Cavidnen, magram amtkicebs, rom
bortze ara Zaldatanebis, aramed
sakuTari sixarbis gamo sruliad
gaazrebulad avidnen. `rogor
warmogidgeniaT, rogor gaivlid-
nen pasportebis Semowmebis pro-
cess aeroportSi? anda, rogor
ar miiqcevdnen profesionali pi-
lotebis yuradRebas? kargiT, ra,
gamofxizldiT~.
ukve gviani saRamoa. Tu ar Ca-
vTvliT derefnis bolos mdgar
berezovskis dacvis biWebs, ofis-
Si martoni varT. kidev erT Rer
`parlaments~ ukidebs, mere ki
sanTebelas uxeSad agdebs magi-
daze Cven Soris. aSkarad etyoba,
gabrazebulia. meubneba, _ `mismi-
ne. rTuli cxovreba maqvs. uamrav
binZur adamianTan mqonia saqme,
magram aseTi ram arasdros mina-
xavs~. berezovski ambobs, rom misi
iuristebis mier Catarebuli gamo-
Ziebis Semdeg is darwmunebulia,
rom badris anderZi SeTiTxnes im
adamianebma, romlebic Zalian `da-
xvewili meTodebiT muSaoben da
rTulia, maT tradiciuli lega-
luri saSualebebiT ebrZolo~.
anderZis siyalbis dadgenas be-
rezovski axla londonis sasa-
marTloSi cdilobs. ra gamova am
saqmidan, ucnobia, magram ander-
Zis auTenturobasTan dakavSire-
biT kiTxvebi marTla arsebobs.
daviwyoT imiT, rom originali
aravis unaxavs. sasamarTlo doku-
mentaciis mixedviT, zelcerma
warmoadgina mxolod anderZis
asli, romelsac sakuTar leptop-
Si inaxavda. vladlena fanki am-
bobs, rom ar aris gamoricxuli,
zelcers originali Tan hqonoda,
saqaRaldeSi im RamiT, rodesac
orni belarusSi gaitaces. magram
es versia ewinaaRmdegeba Tavad
zelceris gancxadebas. dapatimre-
bidan ramdenime xanSi zelcerma
minskSi amerikis konsuls uTxra,
rom is cixeSi sastikad scemes da
londonis sastumroSi daareki-
nes, raTa mis nomerSi datovebuli
yvela dokumenti berezovskisTvis
gadaecaT.
bundovanebiT arian moculi
mowmeebi, romlebic patarkaciS-
vilis mier ori dokumentis _
anderZisa da e.w. `aRmasrule-
blis saqmianobis~ _ xelmoweris
process daeswrnen 2007 wlis 14
noembers. xelmowerebis garCeva
TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, magram, ro-
gorc Cans, dokumentebs xeli sam-
gagrZeleba
cxeli Sokoladi 101
ma sxvadasxva adamianma moawera.
anderZis notariusis aleqs fiSki-
nis werilobiT CvenebaSi ki aRniS-
nulia, rom anderZis gaformebas
mxolod ori mowme hyavda _ vlad-
lena fanki da zlata stepanenko.
stepanenkos vinaoba daudge-
nelia. 2008 wlis Tebervlis da-
sawyisSi ki, badris gardacvale-
bamde cota xniT adre texasSi
gamarTul sasamarTlo procesze
zelcerma erT-erT mowmed zus-
tad am saxelisa da gvaris qali
warmoadgina. im procesze zelce-
ris klientebs qurdoba da doku-
mentebis gayalbeba edebodaT
bralad. davaSi CarTuli iyo na-
vTobisa da gazis kompania, romlis
mflobelic rusi biznesmeni iyo.
stepanenkom sakuTar CvenebaSi
aRniSna, rom mTavari dokumentis
xelmowera mis Tvalwin moxda, Tu-
mca mosamarTlem es Cveneba `ara-
sarwmunod~ miiCnia. sasamarTlo
procesze erT-erT mowmed dacvis
sasargeblod gamovida vinme `lena
founkic~, romlis gvaric fankis
rusuli varianti gaxlavT. imave
procesze kaligrafiis eqspertma
daaskvna, rom `sasamarTloze war-
modgenili uamravi dokumenti ar
iyo auTenturi~ da rom `Stampebi,
xelmowerebi da korporatiuli
beWdebi~ fotoaslebi gaxldaT.
kidev ufro meti idumalebiTaa
moculi jozef keis 27 wlis vaJis,
devid keis ambavi, romelzec am-
boben, rom 14 noembers, restoran
Nobu Next Door-Si imyofeboda. de-
vid keim CvenTan saubari ar ineba,
magram danarCenebi adastureben,
rom im RamiT is marTlac iq iyo
_ fiSkinic, fankic da vladimir
voronovic, romelic aseve eswre-
boda wveulebas. fanki amtkicebs,
rom rodesac im saRamos, sadilis
dasasruls, restoranSi devidi
Sevida, es badrisTvis iyo niSani,
rom gareT gasuliyo da xeli an-
derZze pirdapir quCaSi moewera.
fankis mtkicebiT, es `daaxloebiT
11 saaTze~ moxda.
Tumca, voronovs sxvagvari ver-
sia aqvs. is ambobs, rom kei, marTa-
lia, mivida, magram restoranSi ar
Sesula. `Cven mas quCaSi SevxvdiT.
es kargad maxsovs, radgan badrim
manamde gviTxra, _ devidic movao,
_ da is ki ar movida~. voronovis
versiiT, ukve Ramis pirveli saaTi
sruldeboda, anu ukve dawyebuli
iyo savaraudod anderZis xelmo-
weridan meore dRe _ 15 noembe-
ri _ `roca restornidan quCaSi
gamovediT. devidi iq iyo. man ba-
dri gadakocna da dialogi, Tu ar
vcdebi, qarTulad gaabes. Tumca,
didad arc vusmendi, ise ki, maTgan
2-3 iardze ufro Sors ar vmdgar-
var~. Semdeg voronovi da badri
manqanaSi Casxdnen da sastumro St. Regis-isken gaswies. voronovi am-
bobs, rom vidre kei iq iyo, badris
Tanameinaxeebi wamiTac ar dauto-
vebia, xeli arafrisTvis mouweria
da arc devid keisgan miuRia rame.
Tumca, Tuki davuSvebT, rom
anderZi yalbia, rodis unda ga-
eyalbebinaT is? inas mrCeveli
irakli ruxaZe eWvobs, rom es ba-
dris gardacvalebis Semdeg moxda,
sul ramdenime dRis ganmavlo-
baSi. zelcerma badris anderZi
sakuTar leptopSi Seqmna. Tumca,
inas sasamarTlo dokumentaciis
mixedviT, sami saidumlo danar-
Ti, romlebic anderZs Tan unda
xleboda, zelcers ar gamouCenia.
am danarTebidan ori _ badris
nusxebi qonebisa da valis Sesa-
xeb dRemde aravis unaxavs. mesame
ki _ badris memkvidreebis nusxa
mxolod misi gardacvalebidan 11
Tvis Semdeg wamotivtivda, rode-
sac Tbilisis sasamarTlos aleqs
fiSkinma warudgina zelceris Zmis,
markis notariulad damowmebuli
werilobiTi Cveneba, romelSic is
amtkicebda, rom xsenebuli danar-
Ti man SemTxveviT ipova florida-
ze, sakuTar saxlSi, rodesac stu-
mrebisTvis gankuTvnil saZinebel
oTaxs alagebda. mark zelcerma,
saerTaSoriso masStabiT aRiare-
bulma pianistma uari ganacxada am
aRmoCenis Sesaxeb komentari gaeke-
Tebina. man aseve uari ganacxada,
esaubra CvenTan niu iorkis uzena-
es sasamarTloSi ivlisSi Setanili
saCivris Sesaxeb, romelic ekuTv-
noda fonds, romlis umsxvilesi
sponsori badri iyo da romlis
warmomadgenlebic amtkicebdnen,
rom badris gardacvalebidan oTx
TveSi mark zelcerma sabanko anga-
riSidan moxsna fondis kuTvnili
4.3 milioni dolari.
`borisis megobari
arasdros vyofilvar~
berezovskis msgavsad, ina guda-
vaZec darwmunebulia, rom ander-
Zi gayalbda. Tumca, maT am Temaze
ar usaubriaT, radgan erTmaneTs
ukve aRar elaparakebian. berezo-
vski gamwarda, rodesac badris
gardacvalebidan erTi Tvis Sem-
deg inam uari Tqva, Seesrulebina
badris piroba da qoneba berezo-
vskisTvis gaeyo. ina ambobs, rom
iuristebTan da mrCevelebTan
konsultaciebis Semdeg man moi-
pova imis mtkicebuleba, rom be-
rezovskisa da misi qmris sajaro
gancxadeba finansuri `gayris~
Sesaxeb marTali yofila da rom
badris ukve dawyebuli hqonda
Tavisi Zveli partniorisTvis Tan-
xis gadaxda. berezovskim presas
ganucxada, rom inam piroba ruse-
Tis xelisuflebis muqaris gamo
gatexa. ina ki ambobs, rom es si-
marTles bolomde ar Seefereba.
misi mtkicebiT, berezovskisTvis
qonebis gayofaze man imitom Tqva
uari, rom surda, berezovski Ta-
visi ojaxisTvis samudamod Camoe-
Sorebina.
2007 wlis dekembris miwuruls,
badris gardacvalebamde eqvsi
kviriT adre, saqarTvelos mTa-
vrobam gaavrcela faruli au-
dioCanaweri, romelSic badri
saqarTvelos mTavrobis warmo-
madgenlis moqrTamvas cdilobda.
badri misgan iTxovda saakaSvi-
lis winaaRmdeg demonstraciebis
darbevisgan policia SeeCerebina.
mTavrobam badri putCis mowyobis
gagrZeleba
102 cxeli Sokoladi
mcdelobaSi daadanaSaula. badrim
braldeba uaryo, magram misi rei-
tingi ukve dacemuli iyo. mis mi-
marT ndoba sazogadoebaSi gaqra.
`politikaSi misi moRvaweoba amiT
dasrulda~, _ ambobs axla misi yo-
fili kolega. am kraxma ki badrize
saSinlad imoqmeda. `icoda, rom
didi Secdoma dauSva~, _ ambobs
meore megobari. `erTxel gviTxra,
TqvenTvis ara uSavs, Tu mamaTqve-
ni erTi xelmocaruli kaciao?~ _
ixsenebs badris qaliSvili ia. `sa-
Sineleba iyo, _ hyveba voronovi,
_ am incidentma badris saSineli
moraluri dartyma miayena. es
iyo bolo lursmani mis kuboSi.
im dRis mere feri aRar mosvlia,
cocxal-mkvariviT dadioda. yve-
la naxvaze sul ufro uaresad ga-
moiyureboda~.
miuxedavad imisa, rom pirvel
jerze skotland iardma badris
sikvdili `saeWvod~ miiCnia da
presaSic gavrcelda xmebi, rom
badri mokles, Semdeg britanul-
ma gamoZiebam daaskvna, rom badri
marTla gulis SeteviT gardai-
cvala. badris bevrma megobarmac
da inamac irwmuna, rom badri na-
wilobriv emsxverpla politiku-
ri marcxiT gamowveul Soksa da
stress. ai, amaSi ki ina berezo-
vskis adanaSaulebs.
`borisi namdvili politikuri
moTamaSea da badri politikaSi
swored man CaiTria. amas veras-
dros vapatieb, radgan badri amas
emsxverpla, _ ambobs ina, _ Cven
aq bednierad vcxovrobdiT. ba-
dris, ra Tqma unda, hqonda didi
saidumlo da mimalavda imas, rom
hyavda vaJi, magram amasac Seve-
guebodi, am politikur ambebs ki
_ vera~. badri berezovskis wlebis
ganmavlobaSi ar moSorebia gver-
didan da ina ambobs, rom `es misi
mxridan swori nabiji iyo. magram
Tavs valdebulad ar vTvli, mec
am gzas gavyve. aRar minda, am kac-
Tan isev rame makavSirebdes. mgo-
ni, rom Cvenma ojaxma sakmarisad
itanja marto imitom, rom masTan
axlos iyo, _ ina wamiT Cerdeba
da Semdeg agrZelebs, _ simarTle
rom giTxraT, piradad me borisis
megobari arc arasdros vyofil-
var~.
zustad es sityvebi gaumeora
man berezovskis 2008 wlis april-
Si, sastumro Lanesborough-Si, ro-
desac erTmaneTs ukanasknelad
Sexvdnen: `megobroba memkvidreo-
biT ar gadadis~. advokatis mai-
kl kotlikis TqmiT, berezovski
am sityvebma `gaanadgura~. inas
sityvebis gaxseneba berezovskis
dRemde ar siamovnebs. `es iyo
wuTi, rodesac masTan absolu-
turad yvela Zafi gavwyvite. man
kargad icoda badris da Cemi ur-
TierToba, kargad icnobda badris
da ase gadausva xazi yvelafers,
ase gayida?~
inas megobrebi amboben, rom be-
rezovskisTan kontaqtis gawyve-
tis Semdeg, is Zalian Seicvala.
Tu wlebis ganmavlobaSi is iyo
`yuradRebiani coli, romelic be-
vrs ar laparakobda~, qali, `ro-
melic ZiriTadad ukana planze
yofnas arCevda~, axla badris me-
gobrebi gancvifrebulebi uyure-
bdnen inas, romelmac darazma iu-
ristebi da finansuri mrCevlebi
da daiwyo brZola. man uCivla kei-
sa da zelcers niu iorkSi da pro-
cesi daiwyo saqarTvelos uzenaes
sasamarTloSic, sadac asaCivrebs
saapelacio sasamarTlos dadge-
nilebas imis Sesaxeb, rom anderZi
originalia. inam miznad daisaxa
`imedis~ dabrunebac da saqar-
Tvelos xelisuflebaze gavlenis
mosaxdenad piar-kompania daiqi-
rava evrokavSirSi saqmis lobire-
bisTvis. man Tavis saqmeSi CarTo
saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Sesaxeb
gaero-s komisia. 2008 wlis za-
fxulSi man moskovSi moigo pro-
cesi, romlis Sedegadac badris
meore qorwineba anulirebulad
gamocxadda. `selford kapita-
lis~ daxmarebiT, is darwmunebu-
lia, rom aRnusxa badris qonebis
ZiriTadi nawili. magram anderZi-
sa da keis moTxovnebis gamo, inasa
da misi ojaxisTvis ramdenime mi-
liard dolarad Sefasebuli qo-
nebis udidesi nawili mainc xel-
miuwvdomeli rCeba.
ina axla berezovskisac ebrZvis,
romelmac TebervalSi londonSi
mis winaaRmdeg Seitana sarCeli.
is cdilobs, rom badris qonebis
Sesaxeb sakuTari simarTle daa-
mtkicos da vidre procesi mimdi-
nareobs, manamde inas sabanko anga-
riSebic gayinulia.
dRes daunsaid menoris mamuli
inas dagiravebuli aqvs da nasesxe-
bi fuliT cxovrobs. probleme-
bi aqvs berezovskisac. marTalia,
amtkiceben, rom SeuZlebelia, ba-
dris qonebis 50 procenti bere-
zovskis ekuTvnodes, magram inas
mrCevlebi amboben, rom badris bo-
risis garkveuli Tanxa mainc mar-
Tebda. erT-erTi versiis mixedviT,
es Tanxa 300 milion dolars aRwe-
vda. magram vinaidan jerjerobiT
anderZis Sesaxeb mimdinareobs sa-
samarTlo dava, arc am Tanxis ga-
moyeneba SeuZlia vinmes. amasobaSi
berezovskis fulic Semoaklda da
londonis sasamarTloSi colsac
eyreba. amitom iZulebuli gaxda,
qonebis nawili gaeyida. gayidul
nivTebs Soris iyo `dariusic~ _
358 milion dolarad SeZenili iax-
ta, romelic berezovskim abramo-
viCis super-iaxtis `pelorusis~
jinaze aagebina. `dariusi~ yvela
drois eqvs uZvires iaxtas Soris
erT-erTia. mas Svidi deki aqvs,
ori sacurao auzi, savarjiSo dar-
bazi, kinoTeatri da infirmari.
`dariusze~ uprecedentod didia
usafrTxoebis zomebic: samxedro
wylis saartilerio iaraRi, ro-
melsac SeuZlia navi 100 iardis
manZilze CaZiros. `Escape lunch~
kateri da akustikuri iaraRi, ro-
melsac SeuZlia Tavdamsxmels yu-
ris membrana gauxeTqos.
inam saSineli bolo 19 Tve ga-
atara. es yvelaferi `barokos
epoqis istorias~ ufro hgavda.
ambebi, rac badris sikvdils mo-
gagrZeleba
cxeli Sokoladi 103
gagrZeleba
hyva, zedmetad ucnauric ki iyo.
anderZs, romlis sandooba eWvqveS
dgas, moqmedad acxadebs sasamar-
Tlo, romelic, SesaZloa, Tavis
mxriv, politikuri gavlenis qveS
iyos; amerikel advokats amwyv-
deven `kgb~-s mier marTul cixe-
Si; miliarderi oligarqi uceb
gaWirvebis gamo qonebas hyidis;
qoneba ki TiTqos Tvalsa da xels
Sua qreba.
dRes, rodesac safondo birJa-
ze arasaxarbielod midis saqme,
qonebis nawili ki sadRac gauCi-
narda, badris erT-erTi mrCeve-
lis TqmiT, misi memkvidreoba, Se-
saZloa, ukve 2 miliard dolars
aRarc aRematebodes. rogorc
Cans, ucnauri karmuli samarTa-
li amoqmedda. Tuki zelcers da
fanks anderZi ar gauyalbebiaT,
gamova, rom usamarTlod daitan-
jnen. magram Tuki anderZi gayal-
bda, maSin, SesaZloa, berezovskis
oligarquli gagebis samarTali
arc ise Sors dgas WeSmaritebis-
gan. Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT kri-
tikosTa azrs, Tu rogor akeTeben
oligarqebi fuls _ es ZiriTadad
saSualo statistikuri rusis xar-
jze xdeba _ maSin gamodis, maTi
qonebis karga gvariani nawili maT
sulac ar ekuTvnodaT. megobre-
bi amboben, rom badris anderZi
ar dauweria, radgan gulis siRr-
meSi is mainc sabWoTa kavSiris
Svili iyo _ `homo sovietikusi~,
rogorc berezovski ambobs. anu
im sistemis produqti, sadac `ar
arsebobda mizezi anderZis dasa-
werad, radgan adamianebs araferi
gaaCndaT, rac memkvidreebisTvis
unda gadaecaT~, _ ambobs badris
erTi megobari. raRac gagebiT, am
mosazrebam logikuri wre Sekra.
ar aqvs mniSvneloba, datova ba-
drim anderZi Tu ara, rogorc
Cans, patarkaciSvilis qonebis
did nawils memkvidreebisTvis ga-
dacema ar ewera.
<<< dasawyisi gv. 52
zogierTebi amboben, _ qalaqi na-
crisferiao. magram amas parizzec am-
boben. nacrisfer-yavisfrebSi Tbilisi
zamTris yvelaze uRimRamo dRes Tu
gadadis (Tan amaSic aris Taviseburi
silamaze _ sepiiT Sesrulebul naxats
emsgavseba). sxva dros ki kala flo-
rencias hgavs, mTawminda _ venas, vake
_ oqsfords da marcxena napiri ki...
marcxena napiri _ parizis Rive Gauche-s.aseT silamazeSi TiTqmis SeumCneve-
li xdeba saxelmwifo struqturebis
Senobebi _ parlamenti, saministroe-
bi, uzenaesi sasamarTlo. SeumCneveli
xdeba da es kargic aris, radgan 1946
wels, ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris meo-
re georgievskis traqtatis gaforme-
bis Semdeg qarTvelebma gadawyvites,
rusebis keTilganwyoba kidev ufro
`ganemtkicebinaT~ da axali parlamen-
ti, saministroebi da msgavsi dawese-
bulebebis Senobebi aaSenebines. ase
rom, saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes,
ar aqvs mniSvneloba Tbiliselia Tu
borjomeli, uxaria, rom TbilisSi
SeumCneveli rCeba es Senobebi. Tumca,
maxvili Tvali yvelafers SeamCnevs da
amitomac girCevT, TbilisSi mogzau-
robisas nu SeecdebiT imis danaxvas,
rasac im wuTas ver xedavT.
zemoT Rvinis miwisqveSa gvirabe-
bi vaxsene, hoda agixsniT, rasac vgu-
lisxmobdi. TbilisSi ganviTarebulia
miwisqveSa gvirabebis qseli, sadac
daculia kaxeTidan Camotanili Rvi-
noebi saxeobebis mixedviT. gvirabebSi
ewyoba eqskursiebi turistebisTvis
da skolis moswavleebisTvis. msur-
velebs adgilzeve SeuZliaT SeiZinon
gamofenili Rvino. am gvirabebis qsels
`miwisqveSa Tbilisi~ hqvia. `miwisqveSa
Tbilisi~ Tavis garSemo iseT glamurs
qmnis, rom meRvineobis biznesi meore
adgilzea qalaqSi ganaTlebis biznesis
Semdeg. `miwisqveSa Tbilisi~, miwisze-
da Tbilisis msgavsad, ubnebad aris
dayofili: mukuznis ubani aris Zvel
qalaqSi, winandlis _ vakeSi, xvanWkaris
_ mtkvris gaRma, atenisa _ veraze, wu-
lukiZis TeTra _ iqiT, xudadovisken
da a.S.
raxan Rvino vaxsene, aqve vityvi ku-
linariazec. TbilisSi miSlenis var-
skvlaviani 12 restorania. erT-erT
restorans `cangala da gogona~ hqvia
da swored aq Seiqmna xinklis axali,
orWipiani/kuWiani xinkali. ise, or
Wipiani/kuWiani xinklis ideis avtori
vudi aleni iyo, romelsac xinklis
Zirze meore xelisTvisac mounda
rame CasabRauWebeli. qarTuli tra-
diciuli kerZebis garda, ra Tqma
unda, Tbilisis restornebSi yvela-
ze pretenziul evropul, samxreT da
centralur amerikul da aziur ker-
Zebsac profesionali kulinarebi mo-
gimzadeben. erTi sityviT, gemrielad
alternatiuli Tbilisi
104 cxeli Sokoladi
sma-Wama TbilisSi araviTar proble-
mas ar warmoadgens.
Tbilisi erTgvari kontrastulobiT
gamoirCeva. ubnis Secvlisas giCndeba
gancda, TiTqos qveyana gamoicvale, an
kontinenti, an sulac epoqa.
metexis cixes, veris xids, qarvas-
lebs, gaSenebul riyes, `soborosa~ da
kirxes, ramdenime SedarebiT myudro
adgilis gamoklebiT, yvelafers bur-
Juaziuli keTildReobis priali gau-
dis. amas emateba erTob originaluri
muzeumebi da momajadoebeli maRa-
ziebi. Tbilisis es nawili sruliad
gansxvavdeba qalaqis Crdilo-dasav-
leT nawilisgan. didubis Tvaluwvde-
neli parki RrmaReles caTambjeneb-
Tan erTad niu-iorkis cenTral-parks
mogagonebT. ganapira ubnebSi, sadac
xalxi cota Tavis nebazea miSvebuli,
meti siWrelea. sxvaTa Soris, am yve-
lafris gamo Tbiliss zogjer budas
qandakebas adareben: spilos Zvlis
TaviT (centri), romlis garSemo ga-
napira ubnebis yvavilovani girlandaa
moTavsebuli, xolo danarCen sxeuls
faravs araCveulebrivi samoseli,
romelic weliwadis drois mixedviT
icvlis ferebs. aq vgulisxmob Tbili-
sis garemomcvel venaxebs, baRebs da
tye-parkebs. buda-Tbilisi ritualu-
ri wyalsatevis (Tbilisis zRva) win
Camomjdara da iaxt-klubis fantas-
tiuri TeTri Senobis lotosis yva-
vils Sescqeris. misi saerTo xasiaTi
da ganwyobileba nirvaniseul netare-
bas uaxlovdeba. Tavis mxriv, didube-
RrmaRelis camde awvdili rkina-be-
toni dRemde ver modis harmoniaSi mis
mezobel voroncovTan. voroncovi _
rusTavelTan, romelic jer kidev
ver gaTavisuflda biurokratiisgan.
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom rusTa-
veli erTgvar ekleqtizms qmnis Ta-
vis garSemo _ iwyeba meriis SenobiT,
grZeldeba saxelmwifo muzeumiT, Se-
mdeg parlamenti da sruldeba guge-
nhaimis muzeumiT. pegi Tbiliss 1962
wels estumra da ise moixibla, rom
iqamde wvril kantorebze gaqiravebu-
li meliq azariancis saxli mTlianad
Seisyida, rekonstruqcia Cautara da
qalaqs kidev erTi RirsSesaniSnaoba
Semata _ Tbilisis gugenhaimis muzeu-
mi, sadac Tavisi saxelganTqmuli ko-
leqciis nawili gamofina.
didubesa da voroncovs Soris
(adre aq dezertirebis bazari yofila)
indoelebis kvartalia. saqarTvelo
damoukideblobis miRebisTanave erT-
erT mTavar satranzito punqtad iqca
inglis-indoeTis gzaze da nel-nela
indoelebis patara savaWro saTvis-
tomo Camoyalibda. rogorc wesi, maT
saqarTveloSi didxans darCena ekrZa-
lebodaT, magram 1947 wels zogierTma
indoeT-pakistanis damoukidebloba da
konfliqti moimizeza da saqarTvelo-
Si TavSesafari iTxova. radgan indo-
elebis ZiriTad saqmianobas swored
aziuri saneleblebiTa da egzotiku-
ri xaraxuriT vaWroba warmoadgenda
(iseve, rogorc sxvadasxva ezoTeruli
`praqtikebi~), isini odiTganve dezer-
tirebis bazars etanebodnen da bine-
bsac axlomaxlo Soulobdnen. Semdeg
erTianad Seisyides dezertirebis ba-
zari, daangries da saxlebi aiSenes, sa-
xlebis win ki patara fardulebi. ase
rom, axla aq induri bazari-kvartalia.
ase warmoiSva Tbilisis sul raRac
1,5-2-aTasiani induri kolonia, rome-
lic mTlianad erT patara kvartalSi
Tavsdeba. danarCen qalaqSi indoels
iSviaTad Tu mohkravT Tvals, magram
dezertirebis bazris midamoebs maT
sruliad gansakuTrebuli elferi
SesZines. saTvistomos kulturuli
cxovrebis fokusad iqca bolivudis
despani _ kinoTeatri `aiSvaria~ (si-
mdidre, baraqa) elisabedis da vagzlis
quCebis kuTxeSi, borjomis quCis mo-
pirdapired. swored `aiSvarias~ bnel,
mistiur darbazebSi, sadac amoucnobi
surnelebis Taiguli ifrqveoda, ezia-
ra qarTveli xalxi Soreuli qveynis
mgznebare, temperamentul xelovnebas.
ganurCevlad imisa, Woportis pamido-
ri Camohqonda kacs qalaqSi, Tu TuSu-
ri gudis yveli, mTeli dRe marto imas
natrobda, dRis bolos rogor gaivli-
da am or nabijs, SeaRebda kinoTeatris
kars, muyaiTi SromiT naSovn sam abazs
gadaixdida bileTSi, kidev erTxel ro-
gor gaocdeboda, _ es ujiSo xalxi ra
sasacilod bJuturobs erTmaneTSi da
am dros ra kai kinos iRebso, _ mokala-
Tdeboda gaZvaltyavebul savarZelSi
da naxavda... cxovrebas - naRds, mCqe-
fares, gulwrfelsa da Seucdomels!
samamulo filmebiT gaTangul indoe-
lebs ki xan qarTul restornebSi ga-
daawydebiT, xanac bordelebSi. es ori
rame magrad uyvarT aqaur indoelebs.
bordelebis raodenobiT Tbilisi
erT-erT pirvel adgilzea dasavleT
aziasa da aRmosavleT evropaSi. jer
kidev manamde, vidre burJuaziuli
farisevloba bordelebs paradoq-
sul `respeqtabelobasac~ ki aniWebda
(radgan TviT maT arsebobis faqts ver
usworebda Tvals), isini voroncovis
midamoebSi iyo Tavmoyrili (dRes ukve
yvelgan gvxvdeba). sastumro `lon-
donisa~ da `grand-otelis~ salone-
bs yvelaze elitaruli kurtizane-
bi amkobdnen, xidis gadaRma ki ufro
demokratiuli `dawesebulebebi~ iyo
ganlagebuli. xolo CuRureTis bor-
cvebze mimofantul `yavaxanebis~ man-
sardebs nebismieri biujeti swvdeboda.
ufro egzotikuri moTxovnilebebis
dasakmayofileblad darsiWalaSi, e.w.
`kintourvilSi~ dadiodnen indoele-
bic da yvelani. magram 1950-60-iani
wlebis seqsualuri revoluciis Sem-
deg yvelafers Tavisi saxeli daerqva,
da CuRureTis respeqtabelur imijTan
msgavsi ram SeuTavsebeli aRmoCnda. am
droidan Cveulebrivi adiulteri yve-
la Cveulebrivi sastumros Semosavlis
erT-erT mTavar wyarod iqca, xolo
`mdabio~ prostituciam jer mokle
xniT pirdapir kaxeTis gzatkecil-
ze gadainacvla, SemdegSi ki evropul
yaidaze, Riad `daregulirda~: dRes
TbilisSi arsebobs specialuri quCa,
oRond, amsterdamisgan gansxvavebiT,
fanjrebSi mxolod `gogonebis~ foto-
suraTebis gamomzeurebaa daSvebuli,
da pisuarebic gareT ar dgas.
TemasTan axlos var, amitomac erT
ambavs mogiyvebiT, romelic Tavadac
ar vicodi da mxolod maSin gavige, ro-
desac Tbiliss meored, gvian zamTarSi,
Tebervlis miwuruls vewvie. qalaqis
centralur quCebze mzadeba midioda,
amontaJebdnen scenebs, ferad-fera-
di buStebiTa da lentebiT rTavdnen
gagrZeleba
cxeli Sokoladi 105
quCebs. vifiqre, Cveulebrivi, saxalxo
aRlumi unda gaimarTos-meTqi, magram
nuras ukacravad. aqamde sul megona,
rom pirveli gei-aRlumi 1979 wels
sidneiSi (avstralia) gaimarTa da Tur-
me rogor vcdebodi. TbilisSi, 1969
wlis pirvel marts maSindelma filo-
sofiis fakultetis studentma mir-
zakarim norbekovma gei-aRlumis orga-
nizeba sakuTar Tavze aiRo da swored
is iyo pirveli, vinc homoseqsualebs
xma msoflios masStabiT aRamaRlebina.
saintereso is iyo, rom Tavad norbeko-
vi heteroseqsuali iyo. wlebis Semdeg
norbekovma amis mizezi Tavis naSromSi
`me _ Cemi Zmakacis Seyvarebuli~ axsna.
aRmoCnda, rom mamamisi homoseqsuali
yofila, ris gamoc uzbekeTidan yir-
gizeTSi gadausaxlebiaT da mas Semdeg
mamamisi aRar unaxavs. sazogadoeba Ta-
vidan dabneulobiT Sexvda imas, rom
misi elitis mniSvnelovan nawils so-
domisa da gomoris codvaSi edga fexi,
amitomac pirvel gei-aRlums sakmari-
sad uaryofiTi gamoxmaureba hqonda,
rogorc sazogadoebaSi, aseve presaSi.
rac Seexeba sidneis cnobil mardi-
gras festivals, is Turme metwilad
Tbilisuri gei-aRlumis motivebiT iyo
nasazrdoebi.
amdeni ram vTqvi da sityvac ar da-
miZravs Tbilisur bohemaze, mis war-
sulze da awmyoze. arada, es erT-erTi
yvelaze mimzidveli nawilia Tbilisis
istoriidan da dRevandeli dRidan.
10-20-ian wlebSi, roca absenti yvel-
gan akrZales, axlad aRiarebuli sa-
qarTvelos mTavrobamac sxvebs mibaZa,
Tumca erTi gansxvavebiT _ TbilisSi
ar aukrZalavT. esec Wkvianuri gaTvla
iyo _ mTeli msoflios absentomane-
bi, mwerlebi, mxatvrebi, musikosebi
da ubralod SeZlebuli adamianebi
Tbiliss moawydnen. yovel- dRe axal-
axali klubebi arsdeboda, romelTac
erTi ram aerTianebdaT _ absenti: `ab-
sentis moyvarul monadireTa kavSiri~,
`absentSi CamxrCvali poetebi~, `absen-
tis palitra~ da a.S. TbilisSi imarTe-
ba umniSvnelovanesi gamofenebi, erTi
meoreze miyolebiT Camodian Carli
Caplini, pikaso, floberi... aseTi di-
namikis da xalxmravlobis Sesabamisad,
xSiria tragediebic, Tumca es aravis
axsovs, radgan TbilisSi xelovneba
yvavis.
nikalas namuSevrebis sanaxavad Tbi-
liss msoflios saxelganTqmuli xe-
lovanebi stumrobdnen. nikalas namu-
Sevrebi did interess iwvevda aSS-Si
emigraciaSi wasul mdidar italiele-
bSi, ris gamoc sandro macolam, xelo-
vnebis nimuSebiT movaWre italielma
TbilisSi specialurad saagentoc ki
gaxsna. pikaso aRfrTovanebuli iyo ni-
kalas namuSevrebiT. mogvianebiT pika-
som Tavis memuarebSi mTeli erTi Tavi
miuZRvna nikalas da mis namuSevrebs.
nikalas damsaxurebaa, _ werda pikaso,
_ rom erT dros TbilisSi, mis saxl-
muzeumSi SemTxveviT Sevxvdi endi
uorhols, xelovans, romelTan Sexve-
drac wlebis ganmavlobaSi mindoda.
1939 wels pikasom daafinansa nikalas
saxl-muzeumis restavracia mirzaanSi.
vinaidan nikalas zusti gardacvale-
bis TariRi ar icoda, pikasom trau-
ris dRed 25 oqtomberi gamoacxada.
am dRes iyo dabadebuli TviTon da am
dRes aRniSnavda nikalas gardacvale-
bis TariRs.
1941 wels, roca oficialurad ga-
xurda meore msoflio omi, TbilisSi
erTi meoreze miyolebiT imarTeboda
literaturuli festivalebi. da erT-
erTi festivalis dros sauniversi-
teto qalaqSi oficialurad gaixsna
bukinistebis ubani, romelsac umber-
to eko da arturo peres reverte Ta-
vianT yvela `bibliofilur deteqtiv-
Si~ axseneben. aqve gadioda staJirebas
xorxe luis borxesi, cota mogvianebiT
ki _ markesi.
amave wlebSi daarsda pirveli saga-
momcemlo saxli `Txa da gigo~, rome-
lic dRemde uwevs konkurencias iseT
gigantebs, rogorebic aris `pingvini~,
`TaSeni~ da a.S. weli ar gava ise, ro-
melime qarTuli sagamomcemlo saxlis
produqtma saerTaSoriso aRiareba ar
moipovos.
albaT, kiTxulobT da kiTxva giCnde-
baT: vin gviyveba am yvelafers?
saqme isaa, rom 90-ian wlebSi Tbi-
lisSi software industry ganviTarda. Tbi-
lisSi da mTlianad saqarTveloSi ar-
sebobs, rogorc multinacionaluri
kompaniebis filialebi, ise qarTuli
patara da saSualo firmebi,romlebic
IT-parkebSi arian gaerTianebuli. IT-parkebs saerTo menejmenti aqvT, rac
mniSvnelovania gansakuTrebiT damwye-
bi kompaniebisTvis. programuli pro-
duqti rogorc adgilobriv, ise saer-
TaSoriso bazarze iyideba. magaliTad,
kompania Kukia Software Solutions-is pro-
gramebs msoflios 23 qveynis 100-ze
meti aeroporti iyenebs egreT wode-
buli slot coordination-isTvis; Minashvi-li & Cousin (minaSvili da biZaSvili)
earbasis inJinrebs awvdis produqts,
rac frTebis modelirebaSi gamoiye-
neba. adgilobriv msxvil klientebs
Soris arian satransporto kompanie-
bi (gadazidvebis optimizaciaSi dain-
teresebulni), aleqsanderdorfis
avtoqarxana, qarTveliSvilis sakons-
truqtoro biuro, Tavdacvis saminis-
tro da sxva. qveyanaSi gaxsnilia sof-tware engineering-is ramdenime koleji,
romlebic firmebTan mWidrod TanamS-
romloben. arsebobs egreT wodebuli
software competence centrebic, sadac,
erTi mxriv, biznes-klientebis Sekve-
Tebze muSaoben, meore mxriv, kvlevebi
tardeba. biznesTan mWidro TanamS-
romlobiT yovelwliurad ewyoba SE-ESEC (South-East European Software Engine-ering Conference). multinacionaluri
kompaniebis filialebidan aRsaniS-
navia Microsoft Research bazaleTSi da
Oracle-s da SAP-is filialebi duSeTSi.
saerTod, duSeTi-bazaleTis regioni
qarTul Silicon Valley-d aris cnobi-
li. evropaSi irlandiis Semdeg sa-
qarTvelo programuli produqtebis
yvelaze didi eqsportiori gaxlavT.
hoda, mec Cemi patara kompania maqvs,
magram am qalaqis gadamkide, koncen-
trirebas ver vaxden Cems biznesze. sa-
erTod, rac am qalaqSi Camovedi, sxva
araferi mikeTebia, garda Tbilisis
Seswavlisa. Cemi biznesi ki ara, 2008
wlis evropis Cempionatis finalzec
ki ar wavedi, romelic boris paiWaZis
erovnul stadionze gaimarTa. arada,
bileTi sapatio loJaSi mqonda. mego-
na, miyvarda fexburTi, magram Turme
Tbilisi ufro metad myvarebia.
gagrZeleba
106 cxeli Sokoladi
<<< dasawyisi gv. 76
varinka wereTeli 1948 wlis 21
marts gardaicvala. dakrZalulia
sofel cxrawyaroSi, misi vaJis
gverdiT.
simRera `sulikos~ uamrav sano-
to gamocemaTagan musikis avtori
mxolod 1939 wlisazea aRniSnuli,
esec imitom, rom es sakiTxi maSin
sul axali garkveuli iyo. sxva
yvela gamocemas aweria: `teqsti
akaki wereTlisa, musika _ xalxu-
ri~. maT Soris aris 1954 wels vano
gokielis mier gundisa da forte-
pianosTvis dabeWdili notebi. aq
ucnauri is aris, rom swored es
adamiani Tavmjdomareobda sxdo-
mas, romelmac varinkas avtoroba
daadgina.
daviwyebis am mistikas eZRvneba
lia jayelis filmi `sada xar, Cemo
suliko~. reJisori detalurad
mogviTxrobs `sulikos~ istorias
da demonstraciulad aRadgens
samarTlianobas _ titrebSi xaz-
gasmulad aCvenebs warweras: `kom-
pozitori varinka wereTeli~ anu
aRadgens samarTlianobas: varinkas
uwodebs `kompozitors~, rac aqam-
de veravis dascda.
1981 wlidan, mamuka aslanikaSvi-
lis iniciativiT, varinkas mSobliur
cxrawyaroSi `varinkoba~ aRiniSneba:
imarTeba konkursi xalxuri da qa-
laquri simReris saukeTeso Semsru-
lebelTa gamosavlenad.
wels pirvelad movxvdi am zei-
mze. mowveuli stumrebi, organi-
zatorebi, Semsruleblebi, msme-
sada xar, Cemo varinka?!
nelebi erTnairad kmayofilebi
darCnen, radgan bevri kargi si-
mRera moismines da saukeTesoebic
gamoavlines. varinkac mravaljer
moixsenies, misdami udidesi siyva-
rulisa da madlierebis grZnobiT.
...magram suliko-varinkas safla-
vi, romelsac mTeli saqarTvelo
dRemde daeZebs, aravis gaxsenebia.
arada, igi sakonkurso ezodan sul
raRac 40-50 metrSi mdebareobs.
gavbrazdi! marto wavedi va-
rinkas saflavze da misi `suliko~
movasmenine _ mobilurze maqvs Ca-
werili, debi iSxnelebis Sesrule-
biT.
kidev erTxel davfiqrdi am gan-
manaTlebeli qalis tragikul be-
dze. TiTqos swored mas eZRvneba
akakis `suliko~, 12-kupletiani
leqsi, sadac sayvarlis safla-
vis saZebnelad moxetiale mgosa-
ni moulodnelad aRmoaCens, rom
satrfos suli vardis, varskvla-
vebis da bulbulis mSvenierebas
SenivTebia da gaxarebuli ambobs:
bulbuls yurs vugdeb, vards vynosav,
varskvlavs Sevyureb lxeniTa
da, rasaca vgrZnob me im dros,
ver gamomiTqvams eniTa!
isev gamexsna sicocxle,
dRemdi rom mwareT krul iyo,
axla ki vici, sada xar,
samgan gaqvs bina suliko!
gagrZeleba
gajansaRdiT, miaRwieT fizikur da sulier harmonias haTha iogis
klasikuri varjiSebis meSveobiT. ganTavisufldiT stresisgan.
mecadineobebs Caatarebs `ioga yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi~ sistemaSi
sertificirebuli instruqtori olga rameri.
sistema ioga yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Seqmnilia yvelasaTvis
miuxedavaT asakisa da aRnagobisa.
mecadineobis xangrZlivoba 1,5 saaTi, kviraSi orjer. da
yovelTviuri gadasaxadia 80 lari.
mecadineoba Catardeba inglisur da rusul enaze.
misamarTi: SevCenkos 5 (1 klasikuri gimnaziis ukan)
gTxovT CaeweroT: [email protected]; tel.: (8 71) 047 090damatebiTi informaciisaTvis mimarTed saits: www.yogaindailylife.org.
ioga yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
haTha ioga TbilisSi
popularuli saerTaSoriso sistema
gagrZeleba
<<< dasawyisi gv. 86
yvelas ar axsovs austerlici, maren-
go, rivoli da piramidebi, magram aravis
daaviwydeba vaterloo. moskovSi, koqte-
belSi, berlinSi, praRasa da parizSi cxo-
vrebis griali mTavrdeba Cumi da yvelas
Semarcxveneli sikvdiliT elabugaSi.
This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
Not with a bang but a whimper.
ase mTavrdeba es wuTisofeli
ase mTavrdeba es wuTisofeli
ase mTavrdeba es wuTisofeli
ara grialiT, aramed slukuniT.
gamosvlidan mxolod aTi wami rCebo-
da da kosma moaswro Tqma, rom tomas
eliotis poemis „carieli adamianebis~
dasasrulis es sityvebi kongenialuria
„dasasrulis poemis~ dasasrulisa (ori
dasasruli erTmaneTs TiTqos eriTmeba):
И в полые волны
Мглы _ сгорблен и равн _
Бесследно _ безмолвно _
Как тонет корабль.
da papaianis saaTSi qviSis ukanaskneli
marcvali Camovarda.
marina cvetaevasa da, saerTod, poe-
ziis siyvarulma, romelic manamde mec-
nierebatevad (vadimis mimarT am termins
_ науко-ёмкий, romelic teqnologiebs
da, saerTod, sawarmoo sferos ganeku-
Tvneba da perestroikis epoqaSi gaa-
qtiurda, xmarobda poeti da fsiqologi
maniloviCi) iankovs arasodes gamouvle-
nia, diametrulad Secvala vadimisadmi
damokidebuleba, am mxriv cvlileba gan-
sakuTrebiT Joras daetyo. ruseTis de-
daqalaqTa saukunovani konkurenciis
miuxedavad, mTavarma piterelma miSa po-
liakovmac aRniSna, Да уж, Вадим удивил-o.
erTaderTi kaci, viszec cvetaevaze sau-
brisas vadim iankovis Tvalze momdgarma
cremlma gavlena ver moaxdina, joni laS-
qaraSvili iyo _ msaxiobia, ram gagakvir-
va, ra xarT es gurulebi, kurcxali Tu
dainaxeT, yvelafers apatiebT kacs, Sen
girCevnia is gaixseno, idioturi „sico-
cxlis paradigmis~ gavleniT udabnoSi
wyals rom ar gaZlevda da sasikvdilod
gimetebdao. magaTma solJenicinma ar
Tqva, _ zonaSi mTavari gmiroba is ki ar
aris, sufi iSovo, gmiroba isaa, es sufi
vinmes gaunawiloo? rogor amexsna urw-
muno jonisTvis, rom „dasasrulis poe-
mis~ finalis citirebisas vadimma yvelas
swored Tavisi sulis nawili gagviziara?
vadim iankovi zonidan 1986 wlis agvis-
toSi gaiyvanes da gadasaxlebaSi etapiT
gadaagzavnes. wasvlis win, banakis tra-
diciisamebr, Tavisi nivTebi daariga. me
damrCa mTeli misi biblioTeka _ asamde
wigni, maT Soris sobolevskiseuli ber-
Znuli enis saxelmZRvanelo da Cem mier
naCuqari evripides „alkestisis~ tomi mi-
nawerebiT, SeniSvnebiT da erT-erT gver-
dze evripidesTan ZvelberZnul enaze
cxare polemikiT.
dRes samocdaToTxmeti wlis vadim
iankovi moskovSi, ruseTis saxelmwifo
humanitarul universitetSi leqciebs
kiTxulobs istoriis filosofiasa da ma-
TematikaSi; Tavisi Zveli principi _ Nulla
dies cum linea daiviwya, Tumca arc kla-
sikur sine linea-s dabrunebia _ mxolod
ramdenime statia dawera da gamoaqveyna.
eqspertebi gansakuTrebiT xSirad axsene-
ben mis statias „nivTierebis agebuleba
anaqsagorasTan~. elcinis epoqaSi ruse-
Tis politikur cxovrebaSi monawileoba
scada, magram dumis arCevnebSi warmate-
bas ver miaRwia, ziuganovis komunistmac
gauswro da Jirinovskis liberal-de-
mokratmac. Cemi azriTac, ruseTis dumas
es simaRle araferSi sWirdeboda. ro-
gorc marina cvetaevas bedisweraze sau-
brisas vadimma TviTon gaixsena, ruseTSi
(mezobel qveynebSic) yovelTvis moiZeb-
neba „ufro Rirseuli kandidatura~.
vadimi
organuli da adgilobrivi
sakvebi produqtebi
misamarTi: WavWavaZis 62
(berZeniSvilis da mosaSvilis quCebis kveTa)
radio „nacnobi“ gepatiJebaT
klubSi „nacnobi“
tradiciuli qarTuli samzareulo
cocxali musika
misamarTi: abanos q. N 3