chp 3 reading organizer instructor version

8/13/2019 Chp 3 Reading Organizer Instructor Version

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Name __________________________________________________________ Date________________

Chapter 3Reading Organizer

Answer Key3.1

1. Explain the difference between a dedicated networks and converged networks.

Dedicated networks for voice, video and computer data communications required adifferent tpe of device in order to access the network. !elephones, televisions, andcomputers used specific technologies and different dedicated network structures, tocommunicate.

"onverged networks are capable of delivering voice, video and data services over the

same communication channel or network structure.

#. $h is the internet considered a %network of networks%&

'ecause it is literall made up of thousands of networks that are connected to eachother.

(. Explain the four main categories of network components. )ist examples in each area.

*osts +*osts send and receive user traffic. host is a generic name for most end-user

devices. host has an / network address. Examples of hosts are personal computersand network attached printers.

0hared peripherals +0hared peripheral devices do not communicate directl on the network. nsteead,peripherals rel on their connected host to perform all network operations. Examples ofshared peripherals are cameras, scanners, and locall attached printers.

Networking devices +Networking devices connect other devices, mainl hosts. !hese devices move andcontrol network traffic. Examples of network evices include hubs, switches, and routers.

Networking media +Network media provides connections between hosts and network devices. Networkmedia can be wired, such as copper and fiber optic or use wireless technologies.

""N Discover .2 3onesr2Networking for *ome and 0mall 'usinesses 245215#226


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. Explain what the simplest form of peer-to-peer network is.

!he simplest peer-to-peer network consists of two directl connected computers using awired or wireless connection.

7. $hat are the advantages of a peer-to-peer network&

a. Eas to set upb. )ess complexitc. )ower costd. "an be used for simple tasks such as transferring files and sharing printers

8. $hat are the disadvantages of a peer-to-peer network&

a. No centrali9ed administrationb. Not as securec. Not scalablec. ll devices ma act as both clients and servers which can slow their performance

6.

Complete Lab Activity 3.1.5

:. Explain the features of a phsical topolog.

phsical topolog map is created to record where each host is located and how it isconnected to the network. !he phsical topolog map also shows where the wiring isinstalled and the locations of the networking devices that connect the hosts.

4. Explain the features of a logical topolog.



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logical topolog map groups hosts b how the use the network, no matter where theare phsicall located. *ost names, addresses, group information and applications canbe recorded on the logical topolog map.

3.

12. $hat issues do networking protocols help to manage&

a. ;essage formatb. ;essage si9ec. !imingd. Encapsulatione. Encodingf. 0tandard message pattern

11. $hat is encapsulation&

!he process of placing one message format low "ontrol -

!iming also effects how much information can be sent and the speed that it can bedelivered. f one person speaks too quickl, it is difficult for the other person to hear andunderstand the message. !he receiving person must ask the sender to slow down. nnetwork communication, a sending host can transmit messages at a faster rate than thedestination host can receive and process. 0ource and destination hosts use flow controlto negotiate correct timing for successful communication.

?esponse !imeout -

f a person asks a question and does not hear a response within an acceptable amountof time, the person assumes that no answer is coming and reacts accordingl. !heperson ma repeat the question, or ma go on with the conversation. *osts on the



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network also have rules that specif how long to wait for responses and what action totake if a response timeout occurs.

1(. Explain the following tpes of network communication.

@ncast + one-to-one message pattern is referred to as a unicast, meaning that there is onl asingle destination for the message.

;ultcast +$hen a host needs to send messages using a one-to-man pattern, it is referred to as amulticast. ;ulticasting is the deliver of the same message to a group of hostdestinations simultaneousl.

'roadcast -f all hosts on the network need to receive the message at the same time, a broadcast isused. 'roadcasting represents a one-to-all message pattern.

1.

Draw a line between the communication characteristic producing the problem to theappropriate scenario.

3.3

17. Explain what protocols allow networks to accomplish.



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/rotocols are especiall important on a local network. n a wired environment, a localnetwork is defined as an area where all hosts must %speak the same language% or incomputer terms %share a common protocol%.

18. $hat is the most common set of protocols used on local wired networks&

Ethernet

16. !he above protocol defines man aspects of communication over the local networks,includingA

a. message formatb. message si9ec. timingd. encodinge. message patterns

1:. 0tandards are beneficial to networking in man was. !hese includeA

a. >acilitate designb. 0implif product developmentc. /romote competitiond. /rovide consistent interconnectionse. >acilitate trainingf. /rovide more vendor choices for customers

14. 'reakdown and explain the term 122'0E-!.

122 - is the speed in ;bps

'0E - stands for baseband transmission! - stands for the tpe of cable, in this case, twisted pair.

#2. Explain in detail how Ethernet networks use ;edia ccess "ontrol


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#. n networking, what is the hierarchical design used to do&

t is used to group devices into multiple networks that are organi9ed in a laeredapproach. t consists of smaller, more manageable groups that allow local traffic toremain local. Bnl traffic that is destined for other networks is moved to a higher laer.

#7. Explain the three basic laers of the hierarchical design modelA

ccess )aer - to provide connections to hosts in a local Ethernet network.Distribution )aer - to interconnect the smaller local networks."ore )aer - a high-speed connection between distribution laer devices.

#8. Explain in detail the differences between phsical and logical addresses.

Bn a host, the ;" address does not changeC it is phsicall assigned to the host N"and is known as the phsical address. !he phsical address remains the sameregardless of where the host is placed on the network.

!he / address is similar to the address of a person. t is known as a logical addressbecause it is assigned logicall based on where the host is located. !he / address, ornetwork address, is assigned to each host b a network administrator based on thelocal network.

#6. )ist and explain the two parts of an / address.

/ addresses contain two parts. Bne part identifies the local network. !he networkportion of the / address will be the same for all hosts connected to the same localnetwork. !he second part of the / address identifies the individual host. $ithin thesame local network, the host portion of the / address is unique to each host.

Complete Lab Activity 3.3.!

#:. "#plain in detailthe three laers of the hierarchical design model.

ccess )aer -

!he ccess )aer provides a connection point for end user devices to the network andallows multiple hosts to connect to other hosts through a network device, usuall a hubor switch. !picall, all devices within a single ccess )aer will have the same networkportion of the / address.



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f a message is destined for a local host, based on the network portion of the /address, the message remains local. f it is destined for a different network, it is passedup to the Distribution )aer. *ubs and switches provide the connection to theDistribution )aer devices, usuall a router.

Distribution )aer +

!he Distribution )aer provides a connection point for separate networks and controlsthe flow of information between the networks. t tpicall contains more powerfulswitches than the ccess )aer as well as routers for routing between networks.Distribution )aer devices control the tpe and amount of traffic that flows from theccess )aer to the "ore )aer.

"ore )aer +

!he "ore )aer is a high-speed backbone laer with redundant


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(1. $hen a hub receives a message from a host for another host what does it do with it&

*ubs cannot determine which host should get an particular message. hub simplaccepts electronic signals from one port and regenerates or this reason, it is necessar to limit the si9eof a collision domain.



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(.

'ased on the graphic above complete the following questions.



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(7. $hat advantage does a switch have over a hub when forwarding messages through thenetwork&

@nlike a hub, a switch can forward a message to a specific host.

(8. $hat is a ;" address table&

table on the switch, called a ;" address table, contains a list of all of the activeports and the host ;" addresses that are attached to them.

(6. $hat happens when the switch receives a frame addressed to a new host that is not et inthe ;" address table&

f the destination ;" address is not in the table, the switch does not have thenecessar information to create an individual circuit. $hen the switch cannot determine

where the destination host is located, it uses a process called flooding to forward themessage out to all attached hosts. Each host compares the destination ;" address inthe message to its own ;" address, but onl the host with the correct destinationaddress processes the message and responds to the sender.

(:. *ow does the ;" address of a new host get into the ;" address table&

switch builds the ;" address table b examining the source ;" address of eachframe that is sent between hosts. $hen a new host sends a message or responds to aflooded message, the switch immediatel learns its ;" address and the port to whichit is connected. !he table is dnamicall updated each time a new source ;" addressis read b the switch. n this wa, a switch quickl learns the ;" addresses of allattached hosts.



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(4. *ow man collision domains are in the graphic&

12


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1. Explain what a network broadcast is&

$ithin the local network it is often necessar for one host to be able to send messagesto all the other hosts at the same time. !his can be done using a message known as abroadcast. 'roadcasts are useful when a host needs to find information without knowingexactl what other host can suppl it or when a host wants to provide information to allother hosts in the same network in a timel manner.

#. *ow is a 'roadcast ;" address represented&

;" addresses are usuall represented in hexadecimal notation. !he broadcast ;"address in hexadecimal notation is %%%%.%%%%.%%%%.



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(. Explain the problem encountered with too man computers in a broadcast domain&

f too man hosts are connected to the same broadcast domain, broadcast traffic canbecome excessive. !he number of hosts and the amount of network traffic that can besupported on the local network is limited b the capabilities of the hubs and switchesused to connect them. s the network grows and more hosts are added, network traffic,including broadcast traffic, increases. t is often necessar to divide one local network,or broadcast domain, into multiple networks to improve performance.

.

7.



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8.

6. Explain the three step process that ddress ?esolution /rotocol


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1. !he sending host creates and sends a frame addressed to a broadcast ;"address. "ontained in the frame is a message with the / address of the intendeddestination host.

#. Each host on the network receives the broadcast frame and compares the / addressinside the message with its configured / address. !he host with the matching /address sends its ;" address back to the original sending host.

(. !he sending host receives the message and stores the ;" address and / addressinformation in a table called an ?/ table.

3.5

:. n ver general terms, what is the function of a router&

router is a networking device that connects a local network to other local networks.

4. *ow do routers and switches differ&

0witches onl decode


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7#. $hich device is tpicall used as a hosts default gatewa&

!he default gatewa address is the address of the router interface connected to thesame local network as the source host.

7(. $h are default gatewas necessar to proper network functionalit&

f no default gatewa is configured in the host !"/5/ settings, or if the wrong defaultgatewa is specified, messages addressed to hosts on remote networks cannot bedelivered.

7.

'ased on the information included with the graphic, list the correct default gatewa for eachcomputer.

*1 ___________14#.18:.1.1__________________

*# ___________12.2.2.1_____________________

*( ___________16#.18.2.72__________________

77. $hat do routers use routing tables to determine&

?outers use the routing tables to determine which interface to use to forward amessage to its intended destination.

78. Explain the purpose of configuring a routing table with a default route.

f the router cannot determine where to forward a message, it will drop it. Network

administrators configure a routing table with a default route to keep a packet from beingdropped because the path to the destination network is not in the routing table. defaultroute is the interface through which the router forwards a packet containing an unknowndestination / network address.

76. $hen host forwards a frame to host ' in the same network which destination ;"address is used&



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*ost '

7:. $hen host forwards a frame to host > which is in a different network through router "which destination ;" address is used&

?outer "

74.

82.

81. Explain the term )ocal rea Network


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!he term )ocal rea Network


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Complete Lab Activity 3.!.$

86. $h would ou disable 0imple >ile 0haring on our computer&

0imple >ile 0haring can be disabled so that more specific securit access levels can beassigned.

Complete Lab Activity 3.!.5


chp 3 reading organizer instructor version

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