christianity and bible. two sources of knowing the western culture: two sources of knowing the...
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Christianity and BibleChristianity and Bible
Two sources of knowing the western Two sources of knowing the western culture:culture:
Greek-Roman culture;Greek-Roman culture;
Christianity and BibleChristianity and Bible
Origin of ChristianityOrigin of Christianity
Christianity originated in Palestine in Christianity originated in Palestine in the 1st century AD.—Roman peacethe 1st century AD.—Roman peace
At the very beginning, Christianity was At the very beginning, Christianity was illegal religion and Christians were illegal religion and Christians were persecuted.persecuted.
Jesus was crucified.Jesus was crucified. The greatest contributor to the rise of The greatest contributor to the rise of
Christianity was Constantine. Christianity was Constantine.
Rise of ChristianityRise of Christianity Constantine IConstantine I issued the issued the Edict of MilanEdict of Milan
in 313. It granted religious freedom to in 313. It granted religious freedom to all , and made Christianity legal.all , and made Christianity legal.
In 392 A.D., Emperor In 392 A.D., Emperor TheodosiusTheodosius made made Christianity the official religion of the Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions.empire and outlawed all other religions.
Christianity changed from an object of Christianity changed from an object of oppression to a weapon in the hands of oppression to a weapon in the hands of the ruling class.the ruling class.
The BibleThe Bible The BibleThe Bible is a collection of religious is a collection of religious
writings writings ““TestamentTestament””--- “agreement”, the --- “agreement”, the
agreement between God and Man. agreement between God and Man. the Old Testamentthe Old Testament --- about God and the --- about God and the
laws of Godlaws of God (consists of 39 books)(consists of 39 books) the New Testamentthe New Testament --- the gospels which --- the gospels which
describe the life and teachings of Jesus describe the life and teachings of Jesus ChristChrist
(consists of 27 books)(consists of 27 books)
The Old TestamentThe Old Testament
Hebrews—the ancestors of Jews—Hebrews—the ancestors of Jews—
means the wandersmeans the wanders Hebrews—the chosen people of GodHebrews—the chosen people of God Promise of God to Abraham: Canaan Promise of God to Abraham: Canaan
(southeastern Palestine)(southeastern Palestine)
The Old TestamentThe Old Testament
The OldThe Old TestamentTestament consists of 39 consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, which are the first five books, called called PentateuchPentateuch.(.( 摩西五书)摩西五书)
HebrewHebrew BibleBible
the chosen people
The PentateuchThe Pentateuch
GenesisGenesis: a religious account of the : a religious account of the
origin of the Hebrew people, including origin of the Hebrew people, including
the origin of the world and of man.the origin of the world and of man.
ExodusExodus: a religious history of the : a religious history of the
Hebrews during Hebrews during their departure from their departure from
EgyptEgypt, the period when they , the period when they began to began to
receive God’s Lawreceive God’s Law..
GenesisGenesis ChaosChaos Light—the first dayLight—the first day Sky—the second daySky—the second day Sea & Land—the third daySea & Land—the third day Sun & Moon—the fourth daySun & Moon—the fourth day Living creatures in the sky and sea—the Living creatures in the sky and sea—the
fifth dayfifth day Man and other living creatures on the Man and other living creatures on the
land—the sixth dayland—the sixth day Holy day—the seventh dayHoly day—the seventh day
ChaosChaos
EdenEden
The Fall of The Fall of ManMan
Adam & EveAdam & Eve SerpentSerpent The forbidden treeThe forbidden tree God’s PunishmentGod’s Punishment Original sinOriginal sin 它是指人它是指人
类生而俱来的、洗脱不掉类生而俱来的、洗脱不掉的“罪行”。从始祖亚当的“罪行”。从始祖亚当遗传下来的罪。 遗传下来的罪。
Seven original sinsSeven original sins
LustLust GluttonyGluttony GreedGreed SlothSloth WrathWrath Envy Envy PridePride
亚当的后代亚当的后代——该隐杀害亚伯该隐杀害亚伯——自自相残杀之源相残杀之源
Noah and his familyNoah and his family
Noah’s ArkNoah’s Ark 灾难中避难所灾难中避难所 20122012
BabelBabelBabel- 变乱
The PentateuchThe Pentateuch
GenesisGenesis: a religious account of the : a religious account of the
origin of the Hebrew people, including origin of the Hebrew people, including
the origin of the world and of man.the origin of the world and of man.
ExodusExodus: a religious history of the : a religious history of the
Hebrews during Hebrews during their flight from their flight from
EgyptEgypt, the period when they , the period when they began to began to
receive God’s Lawreceive God’s Law..
ExodusExodus ((出埃及记)出埃及记) Abraham—to the promised land—CanaaAbraham—to the promised land—Canaa
n n
Famine—leave Canaan for EgyptFamine—leave Canaan for Egypt
PharaohPharaoh
Moses—flight from EgyptMoses—flight from Egypt
PharaohPharaoh
Hebrew boysHebrew boys
The birth of The birth of MosesMoses
The Finding of The Finding of MosesMoses
The holy spirit appeared in front of MosesThe holy spirit appeared in front of Moses..
Moses and Aaron came to the Moses and Aaron came to the PharaohPharaoh
The Exodus—The Exodus— 埃及王子埃及王子
The Ten Commandments(The Ten Commandments( 十十诫)诫)
1. “I am The Lord your God, Who 1. “I am The Lord your God, Who brought you out of the land of brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before You shall have no other gods before Me.”Me.”
2. 2. You shall not make for yourself You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in an idol in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or shall not bow down to them or worship them. worship them.
3. You shall not misuse the name of the LORD 3. You shall not misuse the name of the LORD your God.your God.
4. Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it 4. Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy.holy.
5. Honor your father and your mother. 5. Honor your father and your mother. 6. You shall not murder. 6. You shall not murder. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal.8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not give false testimony against 9. You shall not give false testimony against
your neighbor. your neighbor. 10. You shall not covet your neighbor's house.10. You shall not covet your neighbor's house.
The New TestamentThe New Testament
The Four GospelsThe Four Gospels MatthewMatthew MarkMark LukeLuke JohnJohn
They tell of the They tell of the birth, teaching, birth, teaching, death and resurrection of Jesus.death and resurrection of Jesus.
The New TestamentThe New Testament Life and miracles of Life and miracles of Jesus ChristJesus Christ:: His birth His birth His miraclesHis miracles 12 apostles12 apostles The last supper and the betrayal of The last supper and the betrayal of
JudaJuda CrucifixionCrucifixion ResurrectionResurrection Trinity—son, father, holy spiritTrinity—son, father, holy spirit
Some stories in the N.T.:Some stories in the N.T.:
(1).The Birth of (1).The Birth of
Jesus Christ &Jesus Christ &
Mary Mary
JosephJoseph
(2) Twelve (2) Twelve ApostlesApostles
(3) His Miracles(3) His Miracles
(4) The Last Supper(4) The Last Supper The feast of The feast of PassoverPassover
(5) The (5) The betrayal of betrayal of
JudaJuda
(6) The (6) The CrucifixionCrucifixion (the (the death of Christ on death of Christ on the cross)the cross)
(7) Resurrection of Jesus(7) Resurrection of Jesus
(8) The Last Judgment(8) The Last Judgment
Some basic ideas of Christian Some basic ideas of Christian faithfaith
First, the creation made by God.First, the creation made by God.
Second, original sin and Second, original sin and
redemption.redemption.
Third, paradise and hell.Third, paradise and hell.
Jesus Christ as the son of God.Jesus Christ as the son of God.
Lords PrayerLords Prayer Our Father in heaven,Our Father in heaven,
hallowed be your name.hallowed be your name.Your Kingdom come, Your Kingdom come, your will be done, your will be done, on earth as in heavenon earth as in heavenGive us today our daily bread.Give us today our daily bread.Forgive us our sins,Forgive us our sins,as we forgive those who sin against us. as we forgive those who sin against us. Lead us not into temptation, Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. but deliver us from evil. For the kingdom, the power and the glory are For the kingdom, the power and the glory are yours. yours. Now and forever. Now and forever.
Amen Amen
主祷文主祷文
我们在天上的父,愿人都尊你的名为圣。愿我们在天上的父,愿人都尊你的名为圣。愿你的国降临,愿你的旨意行在地上,如同行你的国降临,愿你的旨意行在地上,如同行在天上。我们日用的饮食,今日赐给我们。在天上。我们日用的饮食,今日赐给我们。免我们的债,如同我们免了人的债。不叫我免我们的债,如同我们免了人的债。不叫我们遇见试探,救我们脱离凶恶。因为国度,们遇见试探,救我们脱离凶恶。因为国度,权柄,荣耀,全是你的,直到永远,阿门。权柄,荣耀,全是你的,直到永远,阿门。
Misfortunes never come single. (Misfortunes never come single. ( 祸不单祸不单行行 ))
Every man must carry his cross. (Every man must carry his cross. ( 每个人每个人必须背他自己的十字架必须背他自己的十字架 ) )
The love of money is the root of all evil . The love of money is the root of all evil . (( 贪财是万恶之源贪财是万恶之源 ) )
Doubting Thomas (Doubting Thomas ( 怀疑的托马斯怀疑的托马斯 )) 指那些不指那些不肯轻易相信别人的人 肯轻易相信别人的人
The apple of the/one's eye The apple of the/one's eye (眼睛中的瞳(眼睛中的瞳孔)表示特别珍视的东西 孔)表示特别珍视的东西
Some sayings and idiomsSome sayings and idioms
an eye for an eye an eye for an eye (以眼还眼) (以眼还眼) a tooth for a tooth a tooth for a tooth clean hands clean hands (洁净的手) 廉洁、清白(洁净的手) 廉洁、清白 old Adam (old Adam ( 老亚当老亚当 ) “) “ 本性的罪恶本性的罪恶””。 。 a wolf in sheep’s skin” a wolf in sheep’s skin” 指“伪装友善的敌指“伪装友善的敌
人,口蜜腹剑的人”,人,口蜜腹剑的人”, 30 pieces of silver”30 pieces of silver” 意为“受贿出卖某人”。意为“受贿出卖某人”。 feet of clayfeet of clay (泥足、致命的弱点)(泥足、致命的弱点) Adam’s apple Adam’s apple
AssignmentsAssignments
The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages are also called are also called Dark Dark
Ages or Age of FaithAges or Age of Faith, why?, why?
Power of the ChurchPower of the Church
Manor and Chivalry Manor and Chivalry
Crusades and the influence Crusades and the influence
It is generally accepted that It is generally accepted that the English Biblethe English Bible and and ShakespeareShakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.are two great reservoirs of Modern English.
Almost all great authors of the English language show a Almost all great authors of the English language show a familiarity with the Bible.familiarity with the Bible.
The use of Biblical themes has been a literary tradition The use of Biblical themes has been a literary tradition and noted examples are: and noted examples are:
Milton’sMilton’s Paradise LostParadise Lost Bunyan’sBunyan’s Pilgrim’s ProgressPilgrim’s Progress Byron’sByron’s CainCain Hemingway’sHemingway’s The Son Also RisesThe Son Also Rises Steinbeck’sSteinbeck’s East of EdenEast of Eden In fact few great English and American writers of the 17th In fact few great English and American writers of the 17th
,18th,19th and 20th century can be read and appreciated with ,18th,19th and 20th century can be read and appreciated with satisfaction without a sufficient knowledge of the Bible satisfaction without a sufficient knowledge of the Bible
Exercise Exercise 1. Which of the following is by far the most influential religion in the West? 1. Which of the following is by far the most influential religion in the West?
________ A. BuddismA. Buddism B. IslamismB. Islamism C. ChristianityC. Christianity D. JudaismD. Judaism 2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of 2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of
which are the first five books, called ___.which are the first five books, called ___. A. ExodusA. Exodus B. Commandments B. Commandments C. AmosC. Amos D. PentateuchD. Pentateuch 3. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of 3. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of
the empire and outlawed all other religious?the empire and outlawed all other religious? A. TheodosiusA. Theodosius B. AugustusB. Augustus C. ConstantineC. Constantine D. Nero CaesarD. Nero Caesar 4. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made 4. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made
Christianity legal in 313?Christianity legal in 313? A. AugustusA. Augustus B. ThedosiusB. Thedosius C. NeroC. Nero D. ConstantineD. Constantine 5. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ___.5. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ___. A. the Latin VulgateA. the Latin Vulgate B. the AristeasB. the Aristeas C. the “Authorized”C. the “Authorized” D. the SeptuagintD. the Septuagint keys: C. D. A. D. Dkeys: C. D. A. D. D
Fill in the blanks:Fill in the blanks: 1. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in ___---the hub of 1. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in ___---the hub of
migration and trade routes, which led to exchange of ideas over migration and trade routes, which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.wide areas.
( Palestine)( Palestine) 2. Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews --- the ___ 2. Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews --- the ___
wandered through the deserts of the Middle East.wandered through the deserts of the Middle East. (Hebrews)(Hebrews) 3. About 1300 B.C. , the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, 3. About 1300 B.C. , the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine,
known as ___ at that time, and formed small kingdoms.known as ___ at that time, and formed small kingdoms. (Canaan)(Canaan) 4. The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one 4. The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one
generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the ___.were recorded later in the ___.
(Old Testament)(Old Testament) 5. Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the 5. Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the
first Roman Emperor___first Roman Emperor___ (Augustus)(Augustus)
6. Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, 6. Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by ___.but was betrayed by ___.
(Juda)(Juda) 7. In 313 the ____ was issued by Constantine I and granted 7. In 313 the ____ was issued by Constantine I and granted
religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal.religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal. ( Edict of Milan )( Edict of Milan ) 8. By 300 A.D. each local church was called a___and had a 8. By 300 A.D. each local church was called a___and had a
full time leader known as ___.full time leader known as ___. ( parish, priest)( parish, priest) 9. Towards the end of the ___ century , four accounts were 9. Towards the end of the ___ century , four accounts were
accepted as part of the New Testament, which tells the accepted as part of the New Testament, which tells the beginning of Christianity.beginning of Christianity.
(fourth)(fourth) 10. It is generally accepted that___ and ___are two great 10. It is generally accepted that___ and ___are two great
reservoirs of Modern English.reservoirs of Modern English. (the English Bible, Shakespeare)(the English Bible, Shakespeare)
Interpretation:Interpretation: 1. the Bible1. the Bible 2. the Pentateuch2. the Pentateuch 3. the Edict of Milan3. the Edict of Milan Question:Question: How did the relations between Christians and How did the relations between Christians and
the Roman government change? the Roman government change?