HSC SOR Study DayHSC SOR Study DaySaturday / Sunday Saturday / Sunday

WorshipWorship

Dr Paul O’SheaDr Paul O’Sheapaul.oshea@spc.nsw.edu.au

Christ has died!Christ has died!

Christ is Risen!Christ is Risen!

Christ will come Christ will come again!again!

Syllabus 40-41Syllabus 40-41

Christianity:Christianity:

The focus of this study is the contribution The focus of this study is the contribution ofof

significant people, ideas, practices andsignificant people, ideas, practices and

ethical teachings to an understanding ofethical teachings to an understanding of

Christianity as a living religious tradition.Christianity as a living religious tradition.

The study of Christianity is to be of theThe study of Christianity is to be of the

WHOLE tradition where applicable.WHOLE tradition where applicable.

OutcomesOutcomes H1H1 explains aspects of religion and belief systemsexplains aspects of religion and belief systems H2H2 describes and analyses the influence of religion and describes and analyses the influence of religion and

belief systems on individuals and societybelief systems on individuals and society H4 H4 describes and analyses how aspects of religious describes and analyses how aspects of religious

traditions are expressed by their adherentstraditions are expressed by their adherents H5H5 evaluates the influence of religious traditions in the evaluates the influence of religious traditions in the

life of adherents life of adherents H6 H6 organises, analyses and synthesises relevant organises, analyses and synthesises relevant

information about religion from a variety of sources, information about religion from a variety of sources, considering usefulness, validity and biasconsidering usefulness, validity and bias

H7H7 conducts effective research about religion and conducts effective research about religion and evaluates the findings from the researchevaluates the findings from the research

H8H8 applies appropriate terminology and concepts applies appropriate terminology and concepts related to religion and belief systemsrelated to religion and belief systems

Significant practices in the Significant practices in the life of adherentslife of adherents

Students learn about:Students learn about:

ONE ONE significant practice significant practice within within Christianity drawn from:Christianity drawn from:

Baptism Baptism Marriage ceremonyMarriage ceremony Saturday/Sunday worshipSaturday/Sunday worship

Students learn to:Students learn to:

describedescribe ONE ONE significant practice significant practice within Christianity drawn from:within Christianity drawn from:

Baptism Baptism Marriage ceremonyMarriage ceremony Saturday/Sunday worshipSaturday/Sunday worship

demonstratedemonstrate how the chosen how the chosen practicepractice expresses the expresses the beliefsbeliefs of of ChristianityChristianity

analyseanalyse the significance of this the significance of this practicepractice for both the for both the individualindividual and and the Christian the Christian communitycommunity

Origins of the Christian Origins of the Christian SabbathSabbath

Hebrew Bible reference example:Hebrew Bible reference example:

Exodus 23.12Exodus 23.12

For six days you shall do your work, but onFor six days you shall do your work, but on

the seventh day you shall rest, so that yourthe seventh day you shall rest, so that your

ox and your donkey may have relief, andox and your donkey may have relief, and

Your home-born slave and the resident alienYour home-born slave and the resident alien

may be refreshed. may be refreshed.

The followers of Jesus followed theThe followers of Jesus followed the

traditional Sabbath observance but quicklytraditional Sabbath observance but quickly

transferred it from the seventh day (Godtransferred it from the seventh day (God

resting from the work of creation) to first dayresting from the work of creation) to first day

of the week – Christ rising from the dead.of the week – Christ rising from the dead.

Mark 16.2: Very early on the first day of theMark 16.2: Very early on the first day of the

week, when the sun had risen, they went toweek, when the sun had risen, they went to

the tomb. the tomb.

Acts 20.7: On the Acts 20.7: On the first day of the weekfirst day of the week,,

when we met to when we met to break breadbreak bread, Paul was, Paul was

holding a holding a discussiondiscussion with them; since he with them; since he

intended to leave the next day, he intended to leave the next day, he continuedcontinued

speaking until midnight. speaking until midnight.

From earliest times Sunday was the From earliest times Sunday was the Christian holy day – to remember the Christian holy day – to remember the Resurrection and “break bread”.Resurrection and “break bread”.

Do this in memory of me.

Christian SabbatarianismChristian Sabbatarianism

A small number of Christians maintain A small number of Christians maintain Saturday or Sabbath worship. Most Saturday or Sabbath worship. Most of these denominations grew out of of these denominations grew out of the Protestant Reformation.the Protestant Reformation.

The most famous group are the The most famous group are the Seventh Day Adventists.Seventh Day Adventists.

Sunday WorshipSunday Worship

Avoid generalisations.Avoid generalisations.

E.g. All Christians celebrate Eucharist on E.g. All Christians celebrate Eucharist on Sunday.Sunday.

a)a) Many Protestant denominations do not Many Protestant denominations do not celebrate weekly Eucharist. celebrate weekly Eucharist. (Uniting Church, Presbyterian Church)(Uniting Church, Presbyterian Church)

b) Salvationists are non-sacramental b) Salvationists are non-sacramental ChristiansChristians

c) Adventists celebrate Eucharist on c) Adventists celebrate Eucharist on Saturday.Saturday.

EucharistEucharist

From the Greek εὐχαριστία meaning From the Greek εὐχαριστία meaning “thanksgiving”.“thanksgiving”.

Alternate names: Mass, Divine Liturgy; Alternate names: Mass, Divine Liturgy; Divine Service; Holy Communion …Divine Service; Holy Communion …

Use “service” unless you use the correct Use “service” unless you use the correct term for the appropriate denomination.term for the appropriate denomination.

E.g. Mass – Catholic; Divine Liturgy – E.g. Mass – Catholic; Divine Liturgy – Orthodox.Orthodox.

The “theme”The “theme”

Every Eucharist celebrates the life, Every Eucharist celebrates the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ death and resurrection of Jesus Christ – and NOTHING else.– and NOTHING else.

““When we eat this bread and drink When we eat this bread and drink this cup, we proclaim your death this cup, we proclaim your death Lord Jesus, until you come in glory”.Lord Jesus, until you come in glory”.

It is the single greatest act of It is the single greatest act of Christian worship for Catholics, Christian worship for Catholics, Orthodox and most Anglicans.Orthodox and most Anglicans.

EucharistEucharist

Language may vary but the structure Language may vary but the structure is the same.is the same.

Introductory ritesIntroductory rites Two “hinges”Two “hinges” Liturgy of the WordLiturgy of the Word Liturgy of the EucharistLiturgy of the Eucharist Closing ritesClosing rites

Introductory RitesIntroductory Rites

Opens worship.Opens worship. Usually consists of acts of penance / Usually consists of acts of penance /

reconciliation and praise / call to reconciliation and praise / call to worship / invocation (depends on worship / invocation (depends on denomination)denomination)

““Lord Have Mercy”; Gloria – tend to be Lord Have Mercy”; Gloria – tend to be common elementscommon elements

Opening Prayer – a focus of prayer – Opening Prayer – a focus of prayer – Sunday is always resurrection!Sunday is always resurrection!

Liturgy of the WordLiturgy of the Word

Always biblical readingsAlways biblical readings Usual pattern but may vary: Usual pattern but may vary: Hebrew Bible; Hebrew Bible; Psalm Psalm New Testament other than the Gospel;New Testament other than the Gospel; Gospel – always!Gospel – always! PreachingPreaching Prayers of the PeoplePrayers of the People

Liturgy of the EucharistLiturgy of the Eucharist

Presentation and Preparation of GiftsPresentation and Preparation of Gifts Gifts …Gifts … Significance of the CollectionSignificance of the Collection Great ThanksgivingGreat Thanksgiving Preface – seasonal, specific etc …Preface – seasonal, specific etc … Eucharistic Prayer – variations …Eucharistic Prayer – variations …

Eucharistic PrayerEucharistic Prayer

In most denominations there is a set In most denominations there is a set pattern.pattern.

Anamnesis - remembranceAnamnesis - remembrance Epiclesis – work of the Holy SpiritEpiclesis – work of the Holy Spirit Institution Narrative – doing as Jesus Institution Narrative – doing as Jesus

commandedcommanded Doxology – The Words of GloryDoxology – The Words of Glory

Communion riteCommunion rite Usually, but with some variation …Usually, but with some variation … The Lord’s PrayerThe Lord’s Prayer Sign of Peace – location variesSign of Peace – location varies Fraction – “breaking of the bread”Fraction – “breaking of the bread” Reception of the Sacrament – mode Reception of the Sacrament – mode

variesvaries

Post-communionPost-communion

Final prayerFinal prayer BlessingBlessing

MinistersMinisters

Ordained ministers for Anglican, Catholic, Ordained ministers for Anglican, Catholic, Orthodox and most Protestant Orthodox and most Protestant denominationsdenominations

Some Protestant denominations allow “lay Some Protestant denominations allow “lay presiders”presiders”

Catholic, Orthodox and traditional Catholic, Orthodox and traditional Anglicans only permit and recognise male Anglicans only permit and recognise male ministersministers

Most Anglican provinces and many Most Anglican provinces and many Protestant denominations ordain women.Protestant denominations ordain women.

Individual / CommunityIndividual / Community

Eucharist is an act of PUBLIC worshipEucharist is an act of PUBLIC worship No such thing as a “private” MassNo such thing as a “private” Mass Catholics and Orthodox believe it is Catholics and Orthodox believe it is

the whole Church – visible and the whole Church – visible and invisible worshipping together.invisible worshipping together.

Christians worship together – it is one Christians worship together – it is one of the marks of the Tradition – “where of the marks of the Tradition – “where ever two or three are gathered in my ever two or three are gathered in my name …” (Matthew 18.20) name …” (Matthew 18.20)

Christ is present among his people Christ is present among his people in: in:

a)a) The Word proclaimedThe Word proclaimed

b)b) The Sacrament broken and sharedThe Sacrament broken and shared

c)c) The Assembly of the BaptisedThe Assembly of the Baptised

d)d) His Spirit that lives through the His Spirit that lives through the believerbeliever

Eucharist is the ritual expression of all Eucharist is the ritual expression of all Christian belief.Christian belief.

Creeds – One, Holy, Catholic, ApostolicCreeds – One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic Augustine: The church believes as she Augustine: The church believes as she

does.does. "What the soul is to a person's body, the "What the soul is to a person's body, the

Holy Spirit is to the Body of Christ, which is Holy Spirit is to the Body of Christ, which is the Church. The Holy Spirit does in the the Church. The Holy Spirit does in the whole Church what the soul does in all whole Church what the soul does in all members of one body … a Christian is members of one body … a Christian is Catholic while they live in the body …” Catholic while they live in the body …” Sermons, 267, 4, 391-430 CE. Sermons, 267, 4, 391-430 CE.

Become what you eat …Become what you eat …

Augustine again: “You will not change me Augustine again: “You will not change me into yourself as you would food of your into yourself as you would food of your flesh; but you will be changed into me.”flesh; but you will be changed into me.”

Christians believe sharing in the Christians believe sharing in the Eucharist transforms us into the body of Eucharist transforms us into the body of Christ.Christ.

Eucharist is the food for the journey …Eucharist is the food for the journey … The foretaste of the Lord’s Table in the The foretaste of the Lord’s Table in the

Kingdom of God …Kingdom of God …

Become other Christ’s …Become other Christ’s …

Christians believe they are Christians believe they are empowered by the Eucharist to be empowered by the Eucharist to be other Christ’s for the world.other Christ’s for the world.

The Blessing and Sending Forth The Blessing and Sending Forth command Christians to “go in peace command Christians to “go in peace to love and serve the Lord”.to love and serve the Lord”.

Sunday Worship + Social Justice = Sunday Worship + Social Justice = Christianity in action.Christianity in action.

Fr Pedro Arrupe SJ Fr Pedro Arrupe SJ 1907-19911907-1991

“ “When people are hungry anywhere in When people are hungry anywhere in the world, our Eucharist is the world, our Eucharist is incomplete”incomplete”

Bishop Helda Camara Bishop Helda Camara 1909-1909-19991999

““When I give the poor bread, they call When I give the poor bread, they call me a saint. When I ask why the poor me a saint. When I ask why the poor have no bread, they call me a have no bread, they call me a communist.”communist.”

Best revision?Best revision?

Go and participate!Go and participate! Visit another Christian denomination Visit another Christian denomination

– preferably one that is very different – preferably one that is very different to your own.to your own.

Read the Liturgical Texts – Roman Read the Liturgical Texts – Roman Missal, A Prayer Book for Australia, Missal, A Prayer Book for Australia, Uniting in Worship.Uniting in Worship.