Chronic DiseasesChronic Diseases

Chapter 23Chapter 23

Chronic DiseaseChronic Disease

A disease that is A disease that is notnot infectious .Can not be infectious .Can not be transmitted to another person- not contagioustransmitted to another person- not contagious

Usually caused by a risk factor that is Usually caused by a risk factor that is behavioral, environmental, or genetic.behavioral, environmental, or genetic.

They persist for a long period or recur They persist for a long period or recur throughout lifethroughout life

Some of these diseases can be prevented, Some of these diseases can be prevented, some can notsome can not

Many of these diseases have no cure but can be Many of these diseases have no cure but can be managedmanaged

Causes of noninfectious Causes of noninfectious diseasesdiseases

Genetics:Genetics:Can inherit the gene that causes the diseaseCan inherit the gene that causes the diseaseCan be born with itCan be born with itCan be a characteristic that is a risk factor for Can be a characteristic that is a risk factor for

a particular disease (race, skin color, age, a particular disease (race, skin color, age, gender)gender)

Can not control what we inherit BUT we Can not control what we inherit BUT we can be aware of our risks and get early can be aware of our risks and get early checkups and adjust our lifestylecheckups and adjust our lifestyle

BehavioralBehavioralThe way you live your lifeThe way you live your lifeYour habits – good and badYour habits – good and badDiet, exercise, smoking, drugs, wearing Diet, exercise, smoking, drugs, wearing

sunscreen, stress management, seatbelts, sunscreen, stress management, seatbelts, helmets, medical check upshelmets, medical check ups

Your lifestyle can also be the cause of certain Your lifestyle can also be the cause of certain risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterolhigh cholesterol

EnvironmentEnvironment SmogSmog RadiationRadiation PollutionPollution LeadLead AsbestosAsbestos Chemical wasteChemical waste X-raysX-rays UV raysUV rays

Common Noninfectious Common Noninfectious DiseasesDiseases

AllergiesAllergies Alzheimer’sAlzheimer’s AsthmaAsthma CancerCancer Cardiovascular Cardiovascular

diseasesdiseases Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis

(MS)(MS)

Arthritis/rheumatoidArthritis/rheumatoid Parkinson’s diseaseParkinson’s disease Cystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Sickle cell anemiaSickle cell anemia AnemiaAnemia Diabetes type 1 & 2Diabetes type 1 & 2

CancerCancerAA group of diseases that involves the rapid, group of diseases that involves the rapid,

uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Harms the body by destroying healthy body tissues.Harms the body by destroying healthy body tissues.

Tumor: an abnormal mass of tissueTumor: an abnormal mass of tissue Biopsy: procedure done to determine if tumor Biopsy: procedure done to determine if tumor

is cancerousis cancerous Malignant – cancerous tumorMalignant – cancerous tumor Benign – non cancerous tumorBenign – non cancerous tumor Metastasis – the spread of cancer from where it first Metastasis – the spread of cancer from where it first

develops to other parts of the bodydevelops to other parts of the body

TreatmentTreatment

Surgery – can remove part or all of the Surgery – can remove part or all of the malignant tumormalignant tumor

Radiation – can kill cancer cells or slow Radiation – can kill cancer cells or slow growthgrowth

Chemotherapy – chemicals that kills the Chemotherapy – chemicals that kills the cells in an effort to kill cancerous onescells in an effort to kill cancerous ones

Detecting CancerDetecting Cancer

Early detection is key to successful Early detection is key to successful treatment.treatment.

Regular screeningsRegular screeningsKnow your family health historyKnow your family health historyAvoid behaviors that are associated with Avoid behaviors that are associated with

cancer: tobacco, high fat diet, UV rays, cancer: tobacco, high fat diet, UV rays, carcinogens, alcohol, sedentary lifestylecarcinogens, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle

Top 10 Cancers in WomenTop 10 Cancers in Women

1.1. Breast (70% of diagnosed non hereditary) 1:8Breast (70% of diagnosed non hereditary) 1:82.2. LungLung3.3. ColonColon4.4. UterineUterine5.5. ThyroidThyroid6.6. Non-Hodgkin LymphomaNon-Hodgkin Lymphoma7.7. MelanomaMelanoma8.8. OvarianOvarian9.9. KidneyKidney10.10. PancreaticPancreatic

Top 10 Cancers in MenTop 10 Cancers in Men

1.1. Prostate 1:6Prostate 1:62.2. LungLung3.3. ColonColon4.4. BladderBladder5.5. MelanomaMelanoma6.6. Non-Hodgkin LymphomaNon-Hodgkin Lymphoma7.7. kidneykidney8.8. OralOral9.9. LeukemiaLeukemia10.10. PancreaticPancreatic

7 Warning Signs of Cancer7 Warning Signs of Cancer

CChange in bowel or bladder habitshange in bowel or bladder habitsAA sore that doesn’t heal sore that doesn’t healUUnusual bleeding or dischargenusual bleeding or dischargeTThickening or lump in breast or elsewherehickening or lump in breast or elsewhereIIndigestion or difficulty swallowingndigestion or difficulty swallowingOObvious change in a wart or molebvious change in a wart or moleNNagging cough or hoarsenessagging cough or hoarseness

Skin CancerSkin Cancer

3 Types of skin cancer3 Types of skin cancer

1.1. Basal CellBasal Cell: most : most common, most treatablecommon, most treatable

2.2. Squamous CellSquamous Cell: very : very treatable but can spread treatable but can spread and be deadlyand be deadly

3.3. MelanomaMelanoma: Most : Most dangerous, least dangerous, least commoncommon

ABCDE’s of Skin CancerABCDE’s of Skin Cancer

A – A – asymmetricalasymmetricalB – B – border border

irregularitiesirregularitiesC – C – color variationscolor variationsD – D – diameter (bigger diameter (bigger

than1/4 inch and/or than1/4 inch and/or growing rapidly)growing rapidly)

E – evolving, E – evolving, changingchanging

Protecting Your SkinProtecting Your Skin

Always wear sun Always wear sun block, at least 15 SPFblock, at least 15 SPFAvoid peak sun hours Avoid peak sun hours Protect your eyesProtect your eyesBe familiar with moles, freckles, and any Be familiar with moles, freckles, and any

other skin imperfectionother skin imperfectionSee a dermatologist yearly, especially if See a dermatologist yearly, especially if

skin cancer runs in the family or you spend skin cancer runs in the family or you spend a lot of time in the suna lot of time in the sun

SPFSPF SPF means skin protective factor meaning the degree of SPF means skin protective factor meaning the degree of

which sunscreen protects your skin from direct rays.which sunscreen protects your skin from direct rays. An SPF 10 means it protects you from 90% of the direct An SPF 10 means it protects you from 90% of the direct

rays and that if you apply a SPF 10 then theoretically rays and that if you apply a SPF 10 then theoretically you can lay stay in the sun for 10 hours and get the you can lay stay in the sun for 10 hours and get the equivalent of one hour unprotected sun.equivalent of one hour unprotected sun.

An SPF of 15 gives you 93% protection from the sun,An SPF of 15 gives you 93% protection from the sun, An SPF of 30 gives you 97% as well as SPF 40.An SPF of 30 gives you 97% as well as SPF 40. Apply liberally (1 ounce should cover entire body) and Apply liberally (1 ounce should cover entire body) and

reapply after swimming or excessive sweating.reapply after swimming or excessive sweating.

Sunscreen vs SunblockSunscreen vs Sunblock

There are 2 types of rays:There are 2 types of rays:UVA which causes premature agingUVA which causes premature agingUVB causes cancerUVB causes cancer

Sunscreen only protects you from UVASunscreen only protects you from UVASun block protects from both types of raysSun block protects from both types of raysTo protect your skin from both types of To protect your skin from both types of

rays, look for ingredients: zinc oxide, rays, look for ingredients: zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and octocrylenetitanium dioxide, and octocrylene