chronological table - springer978-1-349-18470-5/1.pdf · chronological table this table has been...

Chronological Table

This table has been compiled from a number of sources, but special mention should be made of the catalogue of Tennyson family libraries made by N ancie Campbell, Tennyson in Lincoln, Vol. 1 (Tennyson Society, Lincoln, 1971).

An asterisk before a title means that the work was first published in parts or as a serial.

Date Contemporary events Publications

1790 Buffon, Les Epoches de Ia Nature (3rd edn)

1791 E. Darwin, The Botanic Garden

1792 Galvani, De Viribus Electricitatis J.E. Smith, English Botany (1790--1814) Walker, Remarks Made in a Tour ... to the Lakes

1793 Pneumatic Institution, Bristol founded Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society formed

1794 Blake, Songs of Innocence and Experience

1795 E. Darwin, Zoonomia (1794-98) Blumenbach, De Generis H umani Varietate N ativa (3rd edn) Dupuis, Origine de tous les Cultes Euler, Letters to a German Princess (trans.) Hutton, Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and Illustrations

1796 Bonnycast!e, An Introduction to Astronomy (3rd edn)

163

164 Science and Literature in the Nineteenth Century

Date Contemporary events Publications 1796 Laplace, Exposition du cont. Systeme du Monde 1797 Frere discovered flint implements Bewick, History of British

at Hoxne in Suffolk Birds (1797-1804) 1798 Philosophical Magazine (1798- Malthus, An Essay upon the

1826) Principle of Population Wordsworth and Coleridge, Lyrical Ballads

1799 Royal Institution founded Walker, A System of Familiar Mineralogical Society formed Volta's battery (current

Philosophy

electricity) invented 1800 Act of Union with Ireland Davy, Researches, Chemical

Volta wrote to Royal Society and Philosophical M. Edgeworth, Castle Rackrent

1801 First English lecture theatre M. Edgeworth, Frank designed for science, in R.I. (introduction to science) Societe d'Arceuil (research centre) Linneaus, Elements of established Natural History (trans.)

1802 Edinburgh Review began Davy, A Discourse, First Factory Act Introductory Gay-Lussac's law of gases Paley, Natural Theology Peace of Amiens Quincy, Lexicon-medicum

(rev. edn) Scott, Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802-1803)

1803 R.I. evening lectures began E. Darwin, The Temple of War with France Nature; or, The Origin of

Society, a Poem, with Philosophical Notes Imison, Elements of science and art (new edn)

1804 Napoleon crowned Emperor Blake,]erusalem (1804-20) Horticultural Society formed Parkinson, Organic Remains

of a Former World (1804-11) 1805 Battles of Trafalgar, Ulm and

Austerlitz Medical and Chirurgical Society founded

Chronological Table 165


1806 Bell, Anatomy of Expression in Painting Marcet, Conversations on Chemistry Parkes, Chemical Catechism for the Use of Young People [with] Amusing Experiments

1807 First public gas in London Crabbe, Poems (incl. 'Sir Geological Society formed Eustace Grey')

Hazlitt, Reply to Malthus T. Young, A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts

1808 Examiner began Dalton, A New System of Chemical Philosophy

1809 Quarterly Review began Joyce, Scientific Dialogues Battle of Corunna Lamarck, Philosophie

Zoologique

1810 Crabbe, The Borough (incl. 'Peter Grimes')

1811 Prince of Wales made Regent Austen, Sense and Sensibility Luddite Riots Cuvier and Brongniart, Essai

sur la Geographie Mineralogique des Environs de Paris

1812 War with America Cuvier, Recherches sur les (1812-14) Ossemens Fossiles Davy knighted for science (last Davy, Elements of Chemical occasion, Newton, 1705) Philosophy

1813 Annals of Philosophy began Cuvier, Essay on the Theory of the Earth (trans.) Davy, Agricultural Chemistry Prichard, Researches into the Physical History of Man Shelley, Queen Mab

1814 End of American War Humboldt, Personal Congress of Vienna Narrative (1814-29, trans.) Stephenson's locomotive Scott, Waverley

Syme, Werner's Nomenclature of Colours ffor] Arts and Sciences Wordsworth, The Excursion


Date Contemporary events

1815 Battle of Waterloo Apothecaries' Act passed W. Smith's 'Geological Map of England' completed

1816 Spa Field Riot Davy's Safety Lamp designed

1817 Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine and Literary Gazette began

1818 Institution of Civil Engineers founded

1819 'Peterloo', Manchester

1820 Accession of George IV London Magazine and Retrospective Review began Astronomical Society founded Oersted, Copenhagen, electrical deflection of compass needle

Publications

Kett, Elements of General Knowledge (8th edn) Lamarck, Histoire Naturelle (1815-22) Malthus, An Enquiry into Rent Prout, On the Relation between ... Atoms Byron, The Siege of Corinth, etc. Coleridge, Christabel, Kubla Khan, The Pains of Sleep, etc. Marcet, Conversations on Political Economy Peacock, Headlong Hall Coleridge, Sibylline Leaves, Biographia Literaria Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy Peacock, Nightmare Abbey Scott, Rob Roy M. Shelley, Frankenstein Byron, Don juan, Cantos 1 and2 Kant, Prolegomena to Every Future Metaphysic (trans.) Schopenhauer, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung [The World as Will and Idea] Thomas Brown, Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind Godwin, Of Population, An Answer to Malthus Keats, Lamia, Isabella, Eve of St Agnes, etc. Malthus, Principles of Political Economy Peacock, The Four Ages of Poetry Shelley, Prometheus Unbound



1821 Death of Napoleon Byron, Cain Faraday's electric motor De Quincey, 'fConfessions of Manchester Society for Natural an English Opium Eater History Lucretius, De Rerum

Natura, ed. G. Wakefield Mantell, The Fossils of the South Downs Shelley, Adonais

1822 Suicide of Castlereagh Byron, The Vision of Deutscher Naturforscher judgement, Versammlung [German Natural Don juan, Cantos 1-5 Scientists' Assembly] Digby, The Broad Stone of

Honour(1822-83) Shelley, He/las Swainson, The Naturalist's Guide for Collecting and Preserving

1823 Meteorological Society Buckland, Reliquae Royal Manchester Institution Diluvianae Asiatic Society Byron, Heaven and Earth, The Lancet, The Phrenological Don juan, Cantos 6-14 journal and The Quarterly Grimm brothers' fairy tales Magazine began trans. (1823-26) Royal Society of Literature

1824 London Mechanics' Institution Byron, Don juan, Cantos founded 15-16 Westminster Review began Carnot, Reflexions sur Ia

Puissance Motrice du Feu 1825 Faraday's discovery of benzene Coleridge, Aids to Reflection

M. Edgeworth, Harry and Lucy Concluded Gall, Sur les Fonctions du Cerveau Hazlitt, The Spirit of the Age Laplace, Mecanique Celeste Thompson, The Appeal of Women

1826 University College London Barrett, An Essay on Mind, ('Literary and Scientific with Other Poems Education at a moderate expense') Cooper, The Last of the Society for the Diffusion of Mohicans Useful Knowledge formed Zoological Society founded



1827 Death of Canning Audubon, The Birds of Philosophical Magazine, or America (1827-38) Annals of Chemistry (1827-32) Cuvier, The Animal

Kingdom Arranged (1827-35, trans.) W. Hamilton, Notes to Assist the Memory in Various Sciences (2nd edn) Hare brothers, Guesses at Truth (1827-48) Tennysons, Poems by Two Brothers

1828 Repeal of Test and Corporation Coleridge, Poetical Works Acts Combe, Constitution of Man Atheneum and Spectator began Niebuhr, History of Rome Wohler prepares urea artificially (1828-32, trans.)

Von Baer, Entwicklungsgeschichte der Thiere [Developmental history of animals]

1829 Stephenson's Rocket Barnes, Etymological Catholic Emancipation Glossary La Revue des Deux Mondes Carlyle, 'Signs of the Times' began Davy, Consolations in Travel

J. Mill, Analysis of the Human Mind Tennyson, 'Timbuctoo' White, Natural History of Selbourne (new edn)

1830 Accession of William IV Babbage, Reflections on the Geographical Society formed Decline of Science Fraser's Magazine began Coleridge, On the Manchester-Liverpool railway Constitution of the Church opened and State Duke of Sussex defeated Comte, Cours de Philosophie J. Herschel for Royal Positive ( 1830-4 2) Society's presidency Lyell, Principles of Geology

(1830-33) Tennyson, Poems, Chiefly Lyrical

1831 Anatomy Act passed Brewster, Treatise on Optics British Association for .the J. Herschel, Introduction to Advancement of Science, York the Study of Natural meeting Philosophy



1831 Faraday's electromagnetic Peacock, Crotchet Castle cont. induction; began publishing St Hilaire, Recherches sur de

Experimental Researches Grands Sauriens First Parliamentary Reform Bill Somerville, Mechanism of the

Heavens 1832 BAAS, Oxford meeting Christison, A Treatise on

Cholera epidemic England and Poisons (2nd edn) Scotland Jameson, Characteristics of Reform Act passed Women The British Magazine, The Penny H. Martineau, Illustrations of Magazine and The London and Political Economy (1832-34) Edinburgh Philosophical Tennyson, Poems ('1833') Magazine began

1833 BAAS, Cambridge meeting Bridgewater Treatises (1833--Entomological Society formed 37) Factory Act passed Newman eta!., Tracts for the

Times (1833-37) Whewell, Astronomy and General Physics

1834 Abolition of Slavery in the British Brewster, Letters on Natural Empire Magic . .. to Sir Walter Scott Poor Law Amendment Act Hawkins, Memoirs of passed Ichthyosauri and Plesiosauri The Penny Cyclopaedia Lindley, Ladies' Botany

Lord, Popular Physiology Roget, Animal and Vegetable Physiology Somerville, On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences

1835 Telegraph invented Browning, Paracelsus Dickens, Sketches by Boz 1 Elliotson, Human Physiology (5th edn)

1836 Botanical Society formed Constable, Fourth Lecture at Flint tools found at Abbeville the Royal Institution Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages Dickens, Sketches by Boz 2, proposed by Thomsen '~Pickwick P~pers (1836--37)

1837 Accession of Queen Victoria Babbage, Ninth Bridgewater Daguerre's first photograph Treatise (uninvited)

Thackeray, '~Yellowplush Papers Whewell, History of the Inductive Sciences



1838 Anti-Corn Law League, Dickens, *Nicholas Nickleby Manchester (1838-39) The People's Charter Mantell, The Wonders of

Geology 1839 Anglo-Chinese Opium War Carlyle, Chartism

began Faraday, Experimental Microscopical Society formed Researches in Electricity Young England Movement (1839-55)

1840 Victoria marries Albert Bulwer, Money Penny Post Hawkins, The Book of the Kew Gardens Great Sea Dragons

Taylor, The Natural History of Society Whewell, The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences

1841 Pharmaceutical Society formed Carlyle, Heroes and Hero Chemical Society formed Worship Livingstone in Africa Dickens, '~The Old Curiosity Punch began Shop

1842 Mines Act passed Browning, Dramatic Lyrics Chadwick's Report on Sanitation W.B. Carpenter, Principles of Chartist Riots Human Physiology

Darwin, Coral Reefs Grove, 'Correlation of Physical Forces' Macaulay, Lays of Ancient Rome Tennyson, Poems (incl. 'Locksley Hall')

1843 Brunei's Thames tunnel opened Dickens, A Christmas Carol Ethnological Society formed E. Jones, Studies of Sensation The Zoist: A journal of Cerebral and Event Physiology and Mesmerism began Leslie, Memoirs of the Life of

john Constable (1843-45) Ruskin, Modern Painters (1843--60)

1844 Factory Act passed Barnes, Poems of Rural Life Royal Commission on Health of in the Dorset Dialect, Towns Exercises in Practical

Science Chambers, Vestiges of Creation Kinglake, Eothen



1845 Irish Potato Famine Browning, Dramatic British Museum Romances and Lyrics Royal College of Chemistry De Quincey, Suspiria de

Profundis Disraeli, Sybil Humboldt, Cosmos: a Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe (1851-52, trans.) Whewell, Indications of the Creator

1846 BAAS Ethnological Subsection Eliot, tr. Strauss, Life of jesus Adams and Leverrier discovered Lear, A Book of Nonsense Neptune's orbit (1846--61) First operation with general Melville, Typee anaesthetic Whewell, Indications of the Railway boom began Creator (2nd edn)

Wittich, Curiosities of Physical Geography, Ser. 2, Earthquakes and Volcanoes

1847 Ten Hours Factory Act passed A. Bronte, Agnes Grey Institution of Mechanical C. Bronte, jane Eyre Engineers E. Bronte, Wuthering Queenwood College Heights

Disraeli, T ancred Helmholtz, Ober die Erhaltung der Kraft [On the Conservation of Force] Joule, 'On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat' Lewes, Ranthorpe Mayer, Beitrage zur Dynamik des Himmels ~-(Contributions to Celestial Dynamics] Tennyson, The Princess Thackeray, '~Vanity Fair (1847-48)

1848 'Year of Revolutions' in Europe Gaskell, Mary Barton Public Health Act passed J .S. Mill, Principles of Queen's College for Women Political Economy

Thackeray, ~·The History of Pendennis (1848-50)



1849 Prince Albert visits R.I.

1850 Public Libraries Act passed Oxford Honours School in Natural Sciences The Leader began Household Words (1850--59)

1851 Great Exhibition Owen's College, Manchester Australian Gold Rush

1852 French Second Empire (1852-70)

1853 Crimean War (1853-56) Department of Science and Art

Publications

C. Bronte, Shirley Dickens, ':·David Copperfield (1849-50) Ruskin, Seven Lamps W orsaae, The Primeval Antiquities of Denmark (trans.) Carlyle, Latter-Day Pamphlets Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter Kingsley, Alton Locke Quekett, Lectures on Histology Stowe, ''Uncle Tom's Cabin Tennyson, In Memoriam Wordsworth, The Prelude Carlyle, The Life of john Sterling Grimes, Phreno-Geology Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor (1851-62) Melville, Moby Dick Ruskin, Stones of Venice (1851-53) Spencer, Social Statics D. Wilson, The Archeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland Dickens, >:·Bleak House (1852-53) Kelvin, 'Dissipation of Mechanical Energy' Spencer, 'The Developmental Hypothesis (20 March) W. Arnold, Oakfield W.B. Carpenter, Principles of Human Physiology (4th edn) Comte, Positive Philosophy, De Gobineau, Essai sur l'Inegalite (1853-55) Lewes, Comte's Philosophy of the Sciences Whewell, Of the Plurality of Worlds



1854 Working Men's College, London Dickens, '}Hard Times Gaskell, "-·North and South (1854-55) Thoreau, Walden; or, Life in the Woods

1855 Florence Nightingale in the Browning, Men and Women Crimea Gatty, Parables from Nature

(1855-65) Kingsley, Glaucus; or, The Wonders of the Shore (2nd edn) Knight, The Plurality of Worlds Spencer, Principles of Psychology

1856 Bessemer's steel process End of Crimean War National Police Force formed Perkin discovered aniline purple

1857 Indian Mutiny E. Browning, Aurora Leigh Discovery of Neanderthal Man in (1857-59) N eandertal near Dusseldorf Eliot, •:-scenes of Clerical Life

Gaskell, Life of Charlotte Bronte P _ Gosse, Omphalos Humphreys, Ocean Gardens: the History of the Marine Aquarium (2nd edn) Spencer, 'Progress: its Laws and Cause'

1858 Removal of Jewish disabilities Barnes, Hwomely Rhymes, Notes on Ancient Britain and the Britons Ludlow, British India: Its Races and Its History

1859 Franco-Prussian War Bain, The Emotions and the Kirchhoff and Bunsen discovered Will spectroscopy Bulwer, 'The Haunted and Macmillan's Magazine and All the the Haunters' Year Round began Collins, '}The Woman in

White (1859-60) Darwin, On the Origin of Species Lewes, The Physiology of Common Life (1859-60)



1859 cont.

1860 Food and Drugs Act passed Italian 'Risorgimento'

1861 American Civil War began Death of the Prince Consort Pasteur's germ theory of disease

1862 Married Women's Property Act passed

1863 Anthropological Society formed Institution of Gas Engineers formed

1864 'Pasteurisation' X-Club (Huxley, Lubbock, Spencer, Tyndall et al.) formed

1865 End of American Civil War Fortnightly Review began Lister's antiseptic surgery Neolithic and Palaeolithic terms suggested

Publications

J .S. Mill, On Liberty Smiles, Self-Help Tennyson, Idylls of the King (1859-72) Eliot, Mill on the Floss, Essays and Reviews P. Gosse, The Romance of Natural History (1860--61) Lewes, *Studies in Animal Life Peacock, ''Gryll Grange Maxwell, On Physical Lines of Force (1861-62) Miiller, Lectures on the Science of Language (1861-64) Barnes, Tiw; or, A View of the Roots and Stems of English Kelvin, 'On the Age of the Sun's Heat' Kingsley, ''The Water Babies (1862-63) Spencer, First Principles Gaskell, ''Cousin Phyllis Huxley, Man's Place in Nature Lyell, The Antiquity of Man Mayer, 'On Celestial Dynamics' (trans.) Sechenov, The Reflexes of the Brain (Russian) Browning, 'Caliban on Setebos' Collins, ''Armadale (1864-66) Gaskell, ''Wives and Daughters (1864-66) Spencer, The Principles of Biology Bernard, Introduction a ['Etude de La Medicine Experimentale Carroll, Alice in Wonderland Lubbock, Prehistoric Times ... Modern Savages Maxwell, Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field



1866 Mendel's laws of heredity, Brno M. Arnold, *'The Study of publication Celtic Literature' Nobel's dynamite discovered Eliot, Felix Holt

Hopkins, Journal kept 1866-75 Ruskin, The Ethics of the Dust

1867 Disraeli prime minister Bleek, Uber den Ursprung Paris Exhibition der Sprache [On the Origin Pharmacy Act passed of Language] Second Reform Act passed Clausius, The Mechanical

Theory of Heat (trans.) Marx, Das Kapital

1868 Cro-Magoon Man discovered Browning, The Ring and the Gladstone prime minister Book (1868-69) Institution of Chartered Collins, ''The Moonstone Surveyors founded

1869 Nature began Arnold, Culture and Mendeleev's periodic table of the Anarchy elements Galton, Hereditary Genius Suez canal Mill, On the Subjection of The Metaphysical Society formed Women Iron and Steel Institute formed Ruskin, The Queen of the

Air Wallace, The Malay Archipelago

1870 Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) Cobbe, 'Unconscious Elementary Education Act passed Cerebration' and 'Dreams' Royal Commission on Scientific Dickens, ''Edwin Drood Instruction and the Advancement Disraeli, Lothair of Science (the Devonshire Gilbert, The Princess Commission) ... a Respectful

Perversion, The Palace of Truth Huxley, Lay Sermons Lubbock, The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man Tyndall, Essays on the Use and Limit of the Imagination in Science

1871 Anthropological Institute Bulwer, The Coming Race founded Caroll, Alice Through the Newnham College, Cambridge Looking-Glass ('1872') opened Darwin, The Descent of Man

Eliot, *Middlemarch (1871-72)



1871 Institution of Electrical Engineers cont. founded

Institution of Telegraph Engineers founded

1872 Secret Ballot Act passed Edison's telegraph

1873 Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge Sanky and Moody Revival Meetings

1874 BAAS, Belfast meeting Disraeli prime minister Physical Society, London founded

Publications

Gilbert, Pygmalion and Galatea (produced) Swinburne, Songs Before Sunrise Tylor, Primitive Culture Butler, Erewhon Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Hardy, >:·A Pair of Blue Eyes Lang, Ballads and Lyrics of Old France W. Reade, The Martyrdom of Man Spencer, The Principles of Psychology (2nd edn) Helmholtz, Popular Lectures on Scientific Subjects (trans.) Maxwell, 'Molecules' Maudsley, Body and Mind (enlarged edn) Pater, The Renaissance (1873-77) Romanes, Mental Evolution in Man Somerville, Personal Recollections Spencer, Descriptive Sociology Stephen, Essays in Freethinking and Plainspeaking W.B. Carpenter, Principles of Mental Physiology Galton, English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture Lewes, Problems of Life and Mind (1874-79) Lockyer, Contributions to Solar Physics Trollope, ''The Way We Live Now (1874-75) Tyndall, Address (to BAAS, Belfast meeting)



1875 Britain buys Suez Canal shares Clifford, Body and Mind Theosophical Society founded Eddy, Science and Health

Gilbert, Trial by jury Wallace, On Miracles and Modern Spiritualism

1876 Mind began Eliot, >:·Daniel Deronda Victoria proclaimed Empress of Haeckel, The History of India Creation (trans.) Edison's phonograph James, ''The American Telephone invented (1876-77),

''The Europeans Hopkins, 'The Wreck of the Deutschland'

1877 Institute of Chemistry founded Dowden, 'The Scientific Annexation of the Transvaal Movement in Literature' The Nineteenth Century began J. Hamilton, Animal Futurity

Lewes, The Physical Basis of Mind Mallock, ''TheNewRepublic Meredith, 'The Idea of Comedy, and of the Uses of the Comic Spirit' Morgan, Ancient Society

1878 Congress of Berlin Hardy, The Return of the Eddystone lighthouse Native London's electric street lighting Gilbert, H. M.S. Pinafore Salvation Army founded Mallock, The New Paul and

Virginia, or Positivism on an Island

1879 London's telephone exchange Barnes, Collected Poems Gladstone's Midlothian campaign Browning, Dramatic Idylls 1 Wundt's Psychologisches lnstitut Butler, Evolution Old and New founded Haeckel, The Evolution of

Man (trans.) Maudsley, The Pathology of Mind Spencer, The Data of Ethics

1880 Gladstone prime minister Browning, Dramatic Idylls 2 Transvaal declared itself a republic Butler, Unconscious Memory Metaphysical Society disbanded James, ':-The Portrait of a Physiological Society founded Lady (1880-81)

Lankester, Degeneration: A Chapter in Darwinism Zola, Le Roman Experimental



1881 Irish Land Act passed Proctor, The Poetry of Astronomy 'Mark Rutherford', Autobiography Stevenson, *Treasure Island (1881-82)

1882 Phoenix Park murders Lang, Helen of Troy Daimler's petrol engine Trollope, The Fixed Period Society for Psychical Research founded Married Women's Property Act passed

1883 Royal College of Music founded Blunt, The Wind and the Whirlwind Galton, Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development Jefferies, The Story of My Heart Maudsley, Body and Will Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra

1884 Third Reform Act passed Gilbert, Princess Ida Oxford English Dictionary (1884- Huysman, A Rebours 1928) Lang, Custom and Myth Fabian Society began (1884-85) BAAS, Montreal meeting Meredith, ''Diana of the

Crossways (1884-85) Ruskin, 'The Storm Cloud of the Nineteenth Century'

1885 Fall of Khartoum Clodd, Myths and Dreams Haggard, King Solomon's Mines Hutton, 'The Metaphysical Society: a Reminiscence' James, ':-The Bostonians (1885-86) Jefferies, After London Kendall and Lang, 'That Very Mab' Ruskin, Praeterita (1885-89)

1886 Severn Tunnel opened Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil Tennyson, Locksley Hall Sixty Years After Stevenson, Dr. jekyll and Mr. Hyde


1887 Queen's Jubilee Edison's kinetoscope Michelson and Morley failed to detect ether by experiment American journal of Psychology began Hertz discovered radio waves

1888 Kodak box camera Dunlop's pneumatic tyre

1889 Institute of Marine Engineers founded Institution of Mining Engineers founded London Dock Strike First international congress of psychology, Paris The New Review began

1890 British Astronomical Association founded First 'tube' railway Parnell scandal

1891 Elementary education free

1892 Institution of Mining and Metallurgy founded American Psychological Association formed


Publications

W.B. Carpenter, Mesmerism, Spiritualism, etc. Haggard, She Lang, Myth, Ritual and Religion Meredith, Ballads and Poems of Tragic Life Miiller, The Science of Thought Pater, Imaginary Portraits Stevenson, 'Memoir of Fleeming Jenkin' Clodd, The Story of Creation Kipling, Plain Tales from the Hills, Soldiers Three Moore, Confessions of a Young Man Yeats, Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry Zola, La Terre E. Carpenter, Civilization, its Cause and Cure Galton, Natural Inheritance Gissing, The Nether World Wallace, Darwinism Weismann, Essays upon Heredity (trans.) Wilde, 'The Decay of Lying' Ellis, The Criminal Frazer, The Golden Bough (1890-1915) W. James, Principles of Psychology Morris, News From Nowhere Hardy, Tess of the d' Urbervilles Lombroso, The Man of Genius (trans.) Wilde, Intentions; The Picture of Dorian Gray Hardy, 'fThe Well-Beloved Henley, The Song of the Sword Kipling, Barrack Room Ballads Meredith, Poems Pearsol)., The Grammar of Science


Date Contemporary events 1893 Manchester Ship Canal opened

Benz's four-wheeled car 1894 Argon discovered

Diesel engine invented Edison's Kinetoscope Parlour, New York

1895 Helium discovered Rontgen's X-rays Marconi's wireless telegraphy James on Raid

1896 Becquerel discovered radioactivity Langley's flying machine

1897 J.J. Thomson discovered the electron Ross discovered the malaria bacillus Victoria's Diamond Jubilee

1898 The Curies discovered radium Fashoda incident

Publications Kipling, Many Inventions Yeats, The Celtic Twilight Drummond, The Ascent of Man Hardy, '}ude the Obscure (1894-95) Kipling, The jungle Book Moore, Esther Waters Morgan, Introduction to Comparative Psychology Conrad, A/mayer's Folly Freud, Studies in Hysteria L. Johnson, Poems Kipling, The Second jungle Book Nordau, Degeneration (trans.) Wells, *The Time Machine, The Stolen Bacillus and Other Stories Conrad, An Outcast of the Islands Kipling, The Seven Seas Stevenson, Weir of Hermiston Wells, The Island of Dr. Moreau Conrad, The Nigger of the 'Narcissus' Lang, Modern Mythology; The Book of Dreams and Ghosts Pearson, The Chances of Death Ribot, The Psychology of the Emotions Stoker, Dracula Wells, The Invisible Man Hardy, Wessex Poems James, ';'The Turn of the Screw' Lang, The Making of Religion Wells, The War of the Worlds


1899 South African War (1899-1902) Rutherford named alpha and beta rays (uranium radiation) Irish Literary Theatre

1900 Relief of Ladysmith and Mafeking Mendel's laws 'discovered' Planck's Quantum Theory

1901 Accession of Edward VII Marconi sent radio message across the Atlantic British Psychological Society founded Nobel prizes first awarded

1902 Education Act passed

1903


Publications

Blunt, Satan Absolved Conrad, ':·'The Heart of Darkness' Symons, The Symbolist Movement in Literature Conrad, Lord jim Freud, Interpretation of Dreams Wallace, Studies Scientific and Social Wells, Tales of Time and Space Butler, Erewhon Revisited Shaw, Man and Superman Wells, The First Men in the Moon

Barrie, The Admirable Crichton (produced) W. James, Varieties of Religious Experience Kipling, just So Stories for Little Children

Butler, The Way of All Flesh James, ':·The Ambassadors

A Guide to Reading

Primary Sources

A selection of titles available m modern editions 1s listed below:

Arnold, Matthew, Complete Prose Works, ed. R.H. Super, 11 vols (Ann Arbor, Michigan, University of Michigan Press, 1960-77) Vol. 3: 'On the Study of Celtic Literature; Vol. 7: A BibleReading for Schools; Vol. 10: 'Literature and Science'

Arnold, William, Oakfield; or, Fellowship in the East (2nd edn, 1854), ed. Kenneth Allott (Leicester University Press, 1973)

Blake, William, Poems, ed. W.H. Stevenson and D.V. Erdman (Longmans, 1971)

Browning, Robert, Poetical Works, eds Ian Jack and M. Smith, 2 vols (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1983-84)

Byron, George Gordon, Lord, Poetical Works, ed. J.D. Jump (Oxford University Press, 1970)

Chambers, Robert, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844), ed. Gavin de Beer (Leicester University Press, 1969)

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, Biographia Literaria (1817), ed. George Watson, 2 vols (Dent, 1978)

--, Collected Letters, ed. E.L. Griggs, 6 vols (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1956-68)

--,Poems, ed. J.B. Beer (Dent, 1974) Collins, Wilkie, The Moonstone (1868), ed. J.I.M. Stewart (Penguin,

1968) Conrad, Joseph, Heart of Darkness (as 'The Heart of Darkness',

1899), intro. C.B. Cox (Dent, 1974) Darwin, Charles, Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley:

Autobiographies, ed. Gavin de Beer (Oxford University Press, 1974)

--, The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, ed. F. Burkhardt, Sydney Smith et al. (Cambridge University Press, 1985- )

--,On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859), ed.J.W. Burrow (Penguin, 1968)

--, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2 vols 1871 (reprinted Brussels, Culture and Civilisation, 1969)

182

A Guide to Reading 183

De Quincey, Thomas, Confessions of an English Opium Eater (1821 ), ed. Alethea Hayter (Penguin, 1971)

Dickens, Charles, Bleak House (1852-53), ed. Norman Page (Penguin, 1971)

--, Edwin Drood (1870), ed. M. Cardwell (Oxford University Press, 1972)

Disraeli, Benjamin, Lothair (1870), ed. V. Bogdanor (Oxford University Press, 1975)

Eliot, George, Daniel Deronda (1876), ed. G. Handley (Oxford University Press, 1984)

--, Middlemarch (1871-72), ed. W.J. Harvey (Penguin, 1965) Gosse, Edmund, Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments

(1907), ed. James Hepburn (Oxford University Press, 1974) Hardy, Thomas, The Complete Poems, ed. James Gibson

(Macmillan, 1976) --, The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), (Macmillan, 1958) --, A Pair of Blue Eyes (1872-73) ed. Alan Hanford (Oxford

University Press, 1985) --, Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891) (Macmillan, 1968) Heath-Stubbs, John and Salman, Phillips (eds), Poems of Science

(Penguin, 1984). Includes poems by E. Darwin, Pindar, Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Hoare, Davy, Byron, Shelley, Keats, Beddoes, Emerson, Turner, Holmes, Poe, Tennyson, Browning, Clough, Melville, Whitman, Arnold, Patmore, Meredith, Dickinson, Maxwell, Thomson, Swinburne, Hardy, Blind, Bridges, Hopkins and Kipling.

Herschel, Sir J .F. W. A Preliminary Discourse on the Study ofN ational Philosophy, 1831, intro. Michael Partridge (New York, Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1966)

Hopkins, Gerard Manley, Poems (1918), eds W.H. Gardner and N.H. Mackenzie (Oxford University Press, 1967)

Kingsley, Charles, Alton Locke (1850), ed. E.A. Cripps (Oxford University Press, 1983)

--,The Water Babies (1862-63), (Dent, 1957) Lewes, George Henry, Ranthorpe (1847), ed. Barbara Smalley

(Athens, Ohio University Press, 1974) Lyell, Charles, Principles of Geology, being an Attempt to Explain the

Former Changes of the Earth's Surface by Reference to Causes Now in Operation, 3 vols 1830-33 intro. M.J.S. Rudwick (Codicot, Wheldon and Wesley, 1970)

Mallock, William Hurrell, The New Republic: Culture, Faith and Philosophy in an English Country House (1876), intro. John Lucas (Leicester University Press, 1975)


Meredith, George, Poems, ed. Phyllis B. Bartlett, 2 vols (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1978)

Peacock, Thomas Love, Crotchet Castle (1831), ed. R. Wright (Penguin, 1969)

--, Melincourt (1817), in Novels, ed. D. Garnett, Vol. 1 (2nd edn, Rupert Hart-Davis, 1963)

Shelley, Mary, Frankenstein (1818), ed. M.K. Joseph (Oxford University Press, 1971)

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, Poetical Works, ed. T. Hutchinson and G:M. Matthews (Oxford University Press, 1970)

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, Poems, ed. Christopher Ricks (Longmans, 1969)

Thackeray, William Makepeace, Vanity Fair (1847-48), ed. John Sutherland (Oxford University Press, 1983)

Wells, Herbert George, The First Men in the Moon (1901), intro. F. Wells (1951)

--, The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), in Three Novels (Heinemann, 1963)

--, Selected Short Stories (Penguin 1958). Includes 'The Time Machine', 'The Stolen Bacillus', 'The Remarkable Case of Davidson's Eyes' and 'The Lord of the Dynamos'

Whewell, William, The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, 3 vols (1840). Facsimile of 2nd edn (1847), 2 vols, intro. J. Herivel (New York and London, Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1967)

Wilde, Oscar, Complete Works, ed. and intro. V. Holland (Collins, 1966)

Wordsworth, William, Poetical Works, eds T. Hutchinson and E. de Selincourt (Oxford University Press, 1969)

Secondary Sources, Introductory

Cosslett, Tess, The 'Scientific Movement' and Victorian Literature (Harvester Press, 1982)

Gross, John, The Rise and Fall of the Man of Letters: Aspects of English Literary Life since 1800 (W eidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969)

Huxley, Aldous, Literature and Science (Chatto and Windus, 1963) Knight, David M., The Nature of Science: the History of Science in

Western Culture since 1600 (Andre Deutsch, 1976) --, Sources for the History of Science 1660-1914 (Cambridge

University Press, 1975) Oldroyd, David R., Darwinian Impacts: An Introduction to the

Darwinian Revolution (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1980) (Exceptional coverage, valuable.)


Stonyk, Margaret, Nineteenth-Century English Literature (Macmillan, 1983) (With useful bibliography.)

Further Reading 1

Allott, Miriam, Novelists on the Novel (Routledge, 1959) Altick, R.D., Victorian People and Ideas (New York, Norton, 1973;

Dent, 1974) Ball, Patricia M., The Science of Aspects: the Changing Role of Fact in

the Work of Coleridge, Ruskin and Hopkins (Athlone Press, 1971) Beer, Gillian, Darwin's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin,

George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983)

Butler, Marilyn, Romantics, Rebels and Reactionaries: English Literature and its Background, 1760-1830 (Oxford University Press, 1981)

Cannon, S.F., Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period (New York, Dawson and Science History Publications, 1978)

Carlyle, Thomas, 'SignsoftheTimes',Anon,EdinburghReview, Vol. 49, 1829, pp. 439-49 in Selected Writings, ed. Alan Shelston (Penguin, 1971)

Conrad, Joseph, Preface, The Nigger of the 'Narcissus'(New Review, 1897)

Cosslett, Tess (ed.), Science and Religion in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge University Press, 1984) Substantial selections from Paley, Chambers, Miller, Darwin (Origin and Descent), Goodwin, L. Huxley, Tyndall and Temple.

Eiseley, Loren, Darwin's Century: Evolution and the Men who Discovered It (Doubleday, 1958)

Ellman, R. and Feidelson, C. (eds), The Modem Tradition: Backgrounds to Modern Literature (New York, Oxford University Press, 1965) (Substantial, European scope.)

Gillispie, Charles C., The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay on the History of Scientific I de as (Princeton University Press, 1960)

Greene, John C., The Death of Adam: Evolution and its Impact on Western Thought (Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1959)

Houghton, Walter E., The Victorian Frame of Mind 1830-1870 (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1957)

Levere, Trevor H., Poetry Realised in Nature: Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Early Nineteenth-Century Science (Cambridge University Press, 1981)

Millhauser, M.,Just Before Darwin: Robert Chambers and 'Vestiges' (Middletown, Wesleyan University Press, 1959)


--,Fire and Ice: The Influence of Science on Tennyson's Poetry (Lincoln, The Tennyson Society, 1971)

Morton, Peter, The Vital Science: Biology and the Literary Imagination 1860-1900 (Allen and Unwin, 1985)

Rappen, George, Evolution and Poetic Belief" A Study in Some Victorian and Modern Writers (Oslo, 1956)

Whyte, L.L., The Unconscious Before Freud (New York, Basic Books, 1960; T a vi stock Publications, 1967)

Further Reading 2

Baker, John R., Race (Oxford University Press, 1974) Bowler, Peter J., Evolution: The History of An Idea (Berkeley,

University of California Press, 1984) Brooks, John L., just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's

Theory of Evolution (New York, Columbia University Press, 1984)

Burchfield, Joe D., Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth (Macmillan, 1975)

Burrow,John W., Evolution and Society: A Study in Victorian Social Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1966)

Chant, C. and Fauvel,J. (eds), Darwin to Einstein: Historical Studies on Science and Belief(Harlow, Longman, 1980)

Desmond, Adrian, Archetypes and Ancestors: Palaeontology in Victorian London 1850-1875 (Blond and Briggs, 1982) (More scope than its sub-title suggests.)

Gillespie, Neal C., Charles Darwin and the Problem of Creation (University of Chicago Press, 1979)

Goldman, Martin, The Demon in the Aether: The Story of james Clerk Maxwell (Edinburgh, Paul Harris Publishing, 1983)

Gould, Stephen Jay, Ontogeny and Phylogeny (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1977)

Greene, M.T. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World (Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1982)

Gruber, H.E. and Barrett, P.H., Darwin on Man: A Psychological Study of Scientific Creativity together with Darwin's Early and Unpublished Notebooks (New York, Dutton, 1974)

Hayter, Alethea, Opium and the Romantic Imagination (Faber, 1968)

Henkin, Leo J., Darwinism in the English Novel, 1860-1910: The Impact of Evolution on Victorian Fiction (New York, Russell and Russell, 1940, 1963)


Hunter, Allan, Joseph Conrad and the Ethics of Darwinism: The Challenges of Science (Croom Helm, 1983)

Hyman, Stanley E., The Tangled Bank: Darwin, Marx, Frazer and Freud as Imaginative Writers (New York, Atheneum, 1962)

Killham, John, Tennyson and 'The Princess': Reflections of an Age (Athlone Press, 1958)

King-Hele, Desmond, Erasmus Darwin and the Romantic Poets (Macmillan, 1985)

Knight, David M., The Transcendental Part of Chemistry (Folkestone, Dawson, 1978)

Leaf, Murray G., Man, Mind, and Science: A History of Anthropology (New York, Columbia University Press, 1979)

Magner, Lois N ., A History of the Life Sciences (New York and Basel, 1979)

Medawar, Peter, Pluto's Republic (Oxford University :Press, 1982) Morrell,], and Thackray A. (eds), Gentlemen of Science: The Origins

and Early Years of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Oxford University Press, 1981)

O'Hanlon, Redmond, joseph Conrad and Charles Darwin: The Influence of Scientific Thought on Conrad's Fiction (Edinburgh, Salamander Press, 1984)

Oldroyd, David and Langham, I. (eds), The Wider Domain of Evolutionary Thought (Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1983)

Ospovat, Dov, The Development of Darwin's Theory: Natural History, Natural Theology, and Natural Selection 1838-1859 (Cambridge University Press, 1981)

Paradis, J. and Postlewait, T. (eds), Victorian Science and Victorian Values: Literary Perspectives (New York, Academy of Sciences, 1981)

Patterson, Elizabeth C., Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science, 1815-1840 (Boston, etc., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1983)

Rupke, Nicolaas A., The Great Chain of History: William Buckland and the English School of Geology 1814-1849 (Oxford University Press, 1983)

Rousseau, G.S., 'Literature and Science: the State of the Field', Isis, Vol. 69 (1978), pp. 583-91. (A survey of secondary works since 1950.)

Russel, Colin A., Science and Social Change 1700-1900 (Macmillan, 1983)

Sambursky, S., Physical Thought from the Presocratics to the Quantum Physicists: An Anthology (Hutchinson, 1974)


Sharlin, H.l., Lord Kelvin: the Dynamic Victorian (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1979)

Shuttleworth, Sally, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Science: The Make-Believe of a Beginning (Cambridge University Press, 1984)

Stocking, George W., Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology (New York, The Free Press, 1968)

Street, Brian V., The Savage in Literature: Representations of 'Primitive' Society in English Fiction 1850-1920 (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975)

Teich, M. and Young, R.M. (eds), Changing Perspectives in the History of Science: Essays in Honour of joseph Needham (Heinemann, 1973)

Young, R.M., Darwin's Metaphor: Nature's Place in Victorian Culture (Cambridge University Press, 1985)

Index

Adams,J.C. 6, 87, 171 Analogies and correspondences

22-8,32,38-43,46,51,70-3, 78-9,92-3,97,101,109,158-62

Arnold, Matthew 121, 128-30, 137, 150-3, 155, 161

Arnold, William 124 Aryans 77-8, 125-8, 130, 137 Astronomy 5, 14--15, 20, 25, 33-5,

42-4,65,68-70,72,84, 87,92, 96, 101, 110, 119, 130, 137, 144, 152, 157

Atom 15-16, 51-2, 54, 87, 96, 97, 148, 154, 158-9

Baer, Karl Ernst von 72 Baker, J.R. 123, 125 Beer, Gillian 18, 84, 119, 156-8 Beer, John B. 25, 28, 102 Bergson, Henri Louis 97 Blake, William 20, 34, 144--5, 161-2 Blumenbach, ).F. 121, 125 Boole, George 8, 51 Boscovich, Roger J. 16 Brain 9, 37, 53, 75-6, 86, 96-7,

103-4, 109-18 British Association for the

Advancement ~f Science 1, 4, 9, 19, 54, 168, 169, 171, 176

Brodie, Sir Benjamin C. 108 Bronte, Charlotte 111 Bronte, Emily 12-13, 37 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett 104 Browning, Robert 83, 105, 112 Brutes 60, 71, 130-1 Buckland, William 60-2, 68, 90 Bulwer, Edward, Lord Lytton 13,

16,39-41, 80, 111-13, 115 Burchfield, Joel D. 46 Burnet, James, Lord Monboddo

67, 70, 132, 140

Butler, Marilyn 108 Byron, George Gordon, Lord 37,

58-63, 79

Cannon, Susan F. 144, 148 Cardwell, M. 107 Carlyle, Thomas 43-4, 95-6, 121,

123 Carnot, Sadi 15, 45 Carpenter, William B. 113-14 Carroll, Lewis (C.L. Dodgson) 8,

86, 137 Catastrophism 68, 82, 88 Caucasian 121, 125 Chambers, Robert 68-73, 84,

108-9, 130 Clausius, Rudolph Julius 46 Clough, Arthur Hugh 48 Cobbe, Frances 114--16 Cole, G.H.A. 11-12 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 1, 4, 11,

12,19-28,32,34,85,99-102, 107, 141, 153

Collins, Wilkie 37, 106-7 Combe, George 106, 110, 111 Conrad,Joseph 11, 105, 132,

141-3, 161 Constable, John 32 Conybeare, W.D. 79 Creative powers 22-4, 26-8, 33-6,

52, 103-4, 137, 145-6, 151, 156-62

Crookes, William 54--6, 162 Cuvier, Georges F. de 58, 62, 68

Dalton, John 5 Darwin, Charles 7-8, 15, 47, 66,

79-86,88-9,92-4,97,110, 131-5, 138, 142, 148, 152-3, 156-60, 162

Darwin, Erasmus 36, 77

189

190 Index

Davie, Donald 157 Davy, Humphry 5, 6, 16, 22-3,

25-8,31,33,38,41, 100,165, 166

De Beer, Sir Gavin 47, 72 De Quincey, Thomas 102-5, 107,

141 Death of the sun 46-9 Degeneration 86, 121-3, 135, 139-

40, 143, 161 Descent of man 69-73, 75, 81,

130-7, 140, 142, 152-3, 158, 161 Dickens, Charles 12, 37, 41-4, 46,

63, 106-7, 111, 115, 117, 123, 148 Diluvial geology 59-61, 68 Dinosaurs, pterosaurs, etc. 62-5,

79, 125, 142 Disraeli, Benjamin 6, 12, 73, 121-

122, 126-8 Dreams 64-5, 77-8, 102-5, 107,

114-16, 141, 155 Duncan, P.B. 61

Edgeworth, Maria 6 Einstein, Albert 11, 39 Electricity 25-31, 33--8, 84, 109,

112, 149 Eliot, George 5, 8-9, 12, 87-8,

111, 114, 117-20 Elliotson, John 106, 113 Energy 19, 44-7, 55, 87, 101, 109,

119 Ether or etherial substances 19,

25-8, 47, 51, 54, 87, 139 Eugenics 127-8 Euler, Leonhard 23-4 Evolution 4, 7, 74, 77, 79-80,

83-4,87-90,95,116-18,129-30, 133-5, 156-8, 160-1

Extinctions 4, 61, 63-5, 82, 86

Faraday, Michael 6, 16, 38-9, 41, 54, 82, 112, 153, 162, 167, 169

Fictions 52-3, 87, 162 Flew, Anthony 99 Forbes, Edward 8 Fossils 58-64, 79, 89-90, 125

Frazer, Sir James George 140 Freud, Sigmund 10, 104, 161

Galileo 12, 20, 152 Galton, Francis 8, 127-8, 130 Galvani, Luigi 35 Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn 6, 7,

114 Geoffroy StHilaire, Etienne 17,

156 Gilbert, W.S. 137 Gillespie, Neal C. 89 Gliserman, Susan 13-14, 17-18,

65, 155-6 Gobineau, Comte de 122-3 Goff, B.M. 12 Gosse, Philip and Edmund 79 Gould, Stephen Jay 73 Gradualism 88-9 Greene, John C. 66-7, 135 Griggs, E.L. 21 Grove, William R. 46

Haeckel, Ernst 132 Haggard, Sir Henry Rider 133 Hardy, Thomas 12, 82-3, 89-92,

94-5 Hare, Julius and Augustus 149 Harps and lyres 19, 22-5, 29, 32-

33,91-2 Helmholtz, Hermann von 44, 51,

87 Hepburn, James 79 Herschel, Sir John F.W. 33, 36-7,

71, 96, 109, 146-8, 168 Herschel, Sir William 33 Holmes, Richard 31 Home, Daniel 111 Hopkins, Gerard Manley 50-1, 82 Howard, Luke 32 Huxley, Thomas Henry 2, 9, 44,

84, 125, 140, 151-3

Imagination 26-8, 87

James, Henry 87, 113, 116 Jefferies, Richard 95

Jones, Sir William 130 Joule, James Prescott 44

Keats, John 12, 92 Kelvin, see Thomson Kendall, May 137-9 Kidd,John 12-13 Killham, John 76 King-Hele, Desmond 31-2 Kingsley, Charles 6, 12, 76-8,

83-6,95,111,140 Kipling, Rudyard 76, 134, 155 Knight, David M. 22, 54, 56

Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet 73-8, 80-1, 85-6, 88-9

Lang, Andrew 137-9 Language 37,49-50,75,86,121-

122, 125-6, 131-2, 134-6, 138-9, 141, 149-50, 156-7

Laplace, Pierre Simon 20, 48 Lear, Edward 73, 137 Leighton, Angela 34 Levere, Trevor H. 26 Lewes, George Henry 9, 104,

117-19, 147-8 Lodge, Oliver 54 Lucas, John 154 Lucretius 16, 158-9 Lyell, Charles 5, 68, 74-5, 78-9,

89, 125, 135, 158 Lytton, see Bulwer

Macaulay, Thomas Babington 8, 148

Macleod, Fiona (William Sharp) 137

Magnetism 38-40, 43, 82, 109 Mallock, W.H. 153-5 Malthus, Thomas Robert 79 Marcet, Jane 6 Marks, John 52 Martineau, Harriet 6 Maxwell, James Clerk 11, 38, 46-7,

51-3,87,96-7,158-9,162 Meredith, George 86, 132-3 Mesmerism 106-7 Meteorology 29-33, 49-51

Index 191

Mill, James Stuart 61 Milton, John 79-80, 157 Mind 90, 97-8, 99, 102, 104, 107,

110-18, 123-4,136-7, 141, 161 Models 51-4, 56, 82, 87, 98, 118,

130, 158-61 Monboddo, see Burnet Miiller, Friedrich Max 125-6,

130-1, 134, 136-8, 141 Miiller,J. 112-13 Myths 35,62,66,77-8, 104,128-

30, 136-7, 140-1, 149, 156-8

Natural selection 19, 80-2,85-6, 90,93, 126,129,135,156-7

Neanderthal man 125, 173 Newcomb, Simon 57 Newton, Isaac 12, 20, 38, 50, 144,

146, 151-2, 165 Nordau, Max Simon 161 Nuclear reactions 8, 44, 49

O'Hanlon, Redmond 11, 161-2 Ontogeny and phylogeny 73 Orang-utan 66-7, 75, 135, 161 Origins 68, 81, 125-6, 128-9, 142 Owen, Richard 84 Owen, W.J.B. 146

Patterson, E.C. 6 Peacock, Thomas Love 66-7, 70,

79, 108, 112, 127, 132 Peckham, Morse 156 Philmus, R.M. and Hughes, D.Y.

14,57 Philology 125, 128-30, 149 Phrenology 75, 110-11 Planck, Max 11 Pope, Alexander 157 Preyer, Robert 149 Prichard, J.C. 121 Progressive development 19, 61-2,

6S..:.79, 82 Prometheus or Promethean 19,

33-5,47,94,96,119

Radiant matter 54-5 Radioactivity 8, 49, 180

192 Index

Recapitulation 72-3 Relativity 11-12, 98 Richter, J.P.F. 104 Ricks, Christopher 15, 76 Roget, P.M. 18, 109 Ross, Sydney 2 Royal Institution 6, 31, 114, 125,

138, 164 Rupke, Nicolaas A. 61, 90 Ruskin, John 49, 96 Ryle, Gilbert 99

Sambursky, Shmuel 51 Sexual selection 121, 132-3 Shatto, Susan and Shaw, Marion

65, 70, 110 Shelley, Mary 7, 35-7 Shelley, Percy Bysshe 3, 12, 16,

30-5, 37, 46-7, 51 Shuttleworth, Sally 9, 114 Sidney, Sir Philip 49, 162 Sixpenny Science Company 108 Solar myths 88, 129-30 Somerville, Mary 1-2, 5-7, 20, 25,

46,87 Soul or spirit 56, 124, 130-1, 136,

155 Spencer, Herbert 66, 116-17 Spenser, Edmund 66 Spiritualism 111-13, 140 Stevenson, Robert Louis 66, 107,

133 Stoker, Bram 140 Sully, James 104 Super, R.H. 151

Teich, Mikulas 4 Tennyson, Alfred Lord 4-5, 15-18,

55,64-5,69-72,76,82,86, 101, 103, 110-11, 130, 155, 159

Thackeray, William Makepeace 10, 53, 123-4

Thermodynamics 7, 43-9, 98 Thompson, Francis 56 Thompson, William 75 Thomson, Sir Joseph John 52, 180

Thomson, William, Lord Kelvin 7,45-6,51,53,87

Torpedo (ray) and gymnotus (eel) 19, 36, 38, 137

Transmutation of species 74-5, 78 Trenner, Anne 23 Trilobites 89-90 Trollope, Anthony 9 Turner, Joseph M.W. 32, 49, 53 Tylor, Edward B. 136-40 Tyndall, John 44, 51, 151, 155

Ultimate realities 54-5, 154 Unconscious 101-4, 106-7, 113-

116, 119-20, 161 Uniformitarianism 68, 78, 88

Volta, Alessandro 25, 36 Vortex atoms 52, 54, 87

Walker, Adam 16, 28-31, 34-5 Wallace, Alfred Russel 7, 66, 79-

81, 97, 135, 161 Watts, Cedric 141 Wells, Herbert George 7, 10, 13-

16,47-9,56-7,95-8,130,134 Welsh, Alexander 52-3 Whewell, William 1-3, 11, 13-14,

16-18, 68, 78-9, 88-9, 95, 125, 148-9

Whyte, L.L. 104, 113 Wilde, Oscar 53-4, 65, 107, 138 Wilkinson, Ann Y. 41,43 Williams, L.P. 6, 16, 27, 38, 40,

112 Wilson, D. 125 Wolff, Caspar Friedrich 3 Wolff, Robert L. 115 Wordsworth, William 12, 21, 26,

28,56, 70,92, 137,145-6,148, 153, 160-1

Wundt, Wilhelm 118, 177

Yeats, William Butler 141, 162 Young, Robert M. 18

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