chuong 1 cloud computing fundamentals handbook of cloud computing

Upload: the-anh

Post on 20-Jul-2015

63 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Khi qut v tnh ton my mTc gi Borko Furht : Ng i d Hong Xun Th ch: nh l b d Ch ng 1 cu sch Hanbook of Cloud Computing, Springer y n ch n xu b n 2010. Cu sch t c sao cho m ch ng c th nh t n m n c ch i coi m bi vic l v tnh ton my. Cu sch ny bin so t t p ch m n c n v s ng gp c 65 chuyn gia t th i v nh v tnh ton my v i a m gi l c m cc d c n. Ban Tv dn bin so cu sch ny g 9 nh ng ng a n n n m nghin c v ho ng th ti tgi hn lm v gi cng nghi gip u t c n i i p, hnh cu sch, l ch cc ch p l v l ch cc chuyn gia sng nh n a n h a n t v gi tri th gp bi vi Ph vi c cu sch g cc bi viv o u c ng t. m a n m t cng nghh ng v ki trc tnh ton my, cc d vtnh ton , th n m ch m my tin phong, cng cc ki d tnh ton my. u ng ng m Cu sch trn trang web c nh xu b Springer: n a t n (http://www.springer.com/computer/communication+networks/book/978-1-44196523-3). 1. Gi thi i u Trong ch ng gi thi chng ti ngh khi ni tnh ton my v i u nh a m m d v my, cc t (layers) c m hnh tnh ton my v ki ch m ng a m u (types) m hnh tnh ton my. Chng ti c th lu s m ng o n khc nhau gi a tnh ton my v d v m my. Cc cng ngh i t u ki cho m ch m o i n tnh ton my ra i s c trnh by ti theo. Chng ti th lu v m p o n cc c tnh, cc tiu chu v an ninh c tnh ton my. Chng ti gi thi n a m i u cloud computing platforms (n t c tnh ton my), cc nh cung c n ng a m p platforms v d v a h Chng ti c gi thi cc thch th v t ng ch c . ng i u c lai c tnh ton my. a m Tnh ton my c th c nghl m ki tnh ton m (new style m nh a t u i of computing) trong scn b ng (dynamically scalable) v cc ti ng nguyn ha (virtualized resource) cung c nhd vtrn Internet. o c p ch Tnh ton my tr m thnh m khuynh h ng cng ngh t quan tr nhi ng, u chuyn gia k ng tnh ton my s hnh lcc quy trnh cng ngh v m nh i thng tin v th IT. V tnh ton my, ng i dng c th tr ng i m dng cc thib PCs, laptops, smartphones, PDAs truy nh cc ch ng trnh, cc t nh p B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

1

platforms l tr tri khai d trn Internet thng qua cc d v c u v n ng ng ch cc nh cung c tnh ton my cho m L th a tnh ton my l p m i. i c m tiki chi ph, kh ng s sng cao, kh ng cn b d t m n n n ng dng. Hnh 1.1 (d theo Voas v Zhang 2009), th n su giai n c m hnh tnh n hi o a ton, hay c th i l su m hnh tnh ton. g

Hnh 1.1. Su giai n c m hnh tnh ton - t o a tnh ton mainframe t tnh i ton Internet, tnh ton l i v tnh ton my. m Trong giai n 1, nhi ng i dng chia s o u mainframes cng sucao thng qua t cc terminal gi (dummy terminals). Trong giai n 2, ch t PC c o m ng s m p nhu c tnh ton c ng i dng. Giai n 3, PCs, c nh ng u a o laptops, v cc servers k n vo m c b c t i ng c chia s nguyn v ti nng cao hi n Giai n 4, m c b knv m c b u ng. o ng c ny c t i i ng c khc t thnh m m ton c nhInternet sd cc d v ti o t ng u ng ng ng nguyn t Giai n 5, tnh ton l i (grid computing) cung c n l tnh xa. o p ng c ton v n l l trdng chung thng qua m h ng tnh ton phn tn. ng c u t thB d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

2

Giai n 6, tnh ton my cung c cc ti nguyn dng chung trn Internet o m p theo m cch n gi v cn b . t n ng So snh su m hnh tnh ton trn, c th n th r tnh ton my l nh y ng m str i c m hnh tnh ton mainframe ban u. Tuy nhin, hai m hnh ny l a c c nh khc bic b M hnh mainframe ch ng ng t n n. cung c n l tnh p ng c ton h ch trong khi tnh ton my cung c n l tnh ton khng n , m p ng c gi h Thm n trong m hnh tnh ton mainframe, cc terminal gi c i n. a, coi l thib t giao di ngi dng, trong khi v m hnh tnh ton my, n i m PCs c thcung c n l tnh ton c bv htrvi chuy ti t p ng c c c n n ng i tiu dng cho nh cung c d v p ch tnh ton my. m 1.1. Cc t c m hnh tnh ton ng a m my (Layers of Cloud computing) Hnh 1.2. Ki trc phn t c m n ng a hnh tnh ton my (Theo Jones) m

Tnh ton my c th nhm t h d v t h ny c th c m coi t p p ch , p p trnh by nhm ki trc phn t theo hnh 1.2. Cc d vtnh ton t n ng ch m my cung c th ng bao g nh c p m d i y. SaaS (Software-as-a-Service, ph m-nh n-m -l-d ch-v l t c ), ng nh a ki trc. SaaS cho php ng i dng ch cc d t c my. n y ng ng xa a mB d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

3

IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service, h ng-c -nh -t -s -l-d ch-v l ti nguyn ) tnh ton cung c nh m d v l cc my tnh ha v c p l t ch . c o i n l xl m b v b thng dtr l trv truy nh ng c c o ng u p Internet. PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service, Platform-nh -l-d ch-v t ng tIaaS, ngoi ra ) cn c cc h i hnh v d v n thi cho m d c . Ni cch u ch c t t ng ng th khc, PaaS l IaaS c thm m sph m ring dnh cho m d ng t n m t ng ng cho tr c. dSaaS (data-Storage-as-a-Service, l -d u-nh u-tr -li -l-d ch-v cung c ) p khng gian l trm khch hng c th d bao g c ng thng cho u s ng, m b l tr u .

Hnh 1.3. t ng v Platform-as-a-Service, http://www.zoho.com/creator/paas.html

Zoho

Creator

M v dv t PaaS cloud computing th n trn hnh 1.3 (Platform as a c hi Service, http://www.zoho.com/creator/paas.html). PaaS cung c Mi tr ng p Pht tri Tch h (Integrated Development Environment, IDE) g an ninh d n p m li sao l v khi ph dli hosting d ki trc cn b (scalable u, u c u, ng ng, n ng architecture).B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

4

Theo Chappel (2008) c ba ki d v m my nh minh h trn hnh u ch c a 1.4. Hnh 1.4a th n d v m my SaaS, theo ton b d ch hi ch ng ng y trn my. Client ch gi dng m trnh duy (browser) truy nh m n n t t p d Mv d i hnh c SaaS l salesforce.com. ng ng. t n a

Hnh 1.4. Cc lod v m my (Theo Chappell 2008). i ch Hnh 1.4b minh h m ki khc c d v m my, theo d ch a t u a ch ng ng y trn client; tuy nhin n truy nh cc ch n v d vti ch cung p c ng ch n c c trn my. M v d i hnh c ki d v m my ny trn destop p m t n a u ch l Apples iTunes. d trn destop l ch nh trong khi d v my sd ng ng i c, ch m c ng ng i dng mua ndung audio v video. M v d a d v m my ny i t c ch l Microsoft Exchange Hosted Services my cung c b c spam, l tr m p l u ti li v cc ch n khc. u c ng Hnh 1.4c th n m cloud platform t ra cc d chng cc hi t o ng ng, c developers sd Ht m d SaaS m b cch dng cloud ng. o t ng ng i ng platform. 1.2. Cc ki m hnh tnh ton my (Types of Cloud computing) u m

B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

5

C 3 ki u m hnh tnh ton m my (xem http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing) l: (a) public cloud, (b) private cloud, (c) hybrid cloud, nh minh h Hnh 1.5. a Hnh 1.5. Ba ki m hnh u tnh ton my m

Trong m hnh public cloud computing (ho external cloud computing), ti c nguyn tnh ton cung c linh ho trn Internet thng qua cc Web c p t applications ho Web Services tm nh cung c thba phi tr tuy (offc t p c n site third-party provider). Public cloud v hnh b cc bn thba, nhu c n i c d c cc khch hng khc nhau l t ng t u ng ng a nhau v h nh c p t trn cc cloud servers, cc h ng l tr cc m th u v ng. Private cloud (ho internal cloud) tham chi t tnh ton my trn cc c u i m private networks. Private cloud xy d c ng dng ring cho m client, t client ki sot hon ton v li an ninh v chl ng d vPrivate c m d u, t ch . cloud xy d v qu l b m cng ty thu sh c m t c ng c n i t c u a t ch IT ho mnh cung c my. c c t p m M mi tr ng hybrid cloud k h nhi m hnh public v private clouds. t t p u Hybrid cloud th n s c t khi quy cch phn b d trn hi ph p t nh cc ng ng c public v private cloud. 1.3. Tnh ton my v d v my (Cloud computing vs Cloud m ch m Services)

B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

6

Trong m ny, chng ti trnh by hai b th n s c ng hi khc nhau v cc thu c tnh chnh c cloud computing i l v cloud services (Jens, 2008). Cloud a p i computing l n t IT cho cloud services v n ch ng cc cng ngh o n ng a t u ki cho cloud services ho ng. Cc thu tnh chnh c cloud i n t c a computing th n trong B 1.1. c hi ng B 1.1. Cc thu tnh chnh c cloud computing (Theo Jens, 2008) ng c a Thu tnh c M t H ng c h ng th s t Bao g cc servers, h ng l tr m c m th u , ng th cung c theo nhu c c ng i dng m p u a t cch cn b ng Ph m d n m ng ng Cung c giao di ng i dng d trn Web, p n a Web Services APIs, v s d v c a ng cc u hnh Ph m tri khai v pht Pht tri v tch h ph m d n m n n p n m ng ng m tri d n ng ng my Ph m qu l d Cung c d v qu l nhanh, c hnh v n m n ng ng p ch t n u v h ng th gim st s d s ng IP networks K n ng i dng cu v my cc t i i i m components c c h ng a s t Cc thu tnh chnh c cloud services xem trong B 1.2 (Jens, 2008). c a ng B 1.2. Cc thu tnh chnh c Cloud Services (Jens, 2008) ng c a Thu tnh c M t Nh cung c th phi tr Trong sth thi tnh ton my, gi p ba c c m nh tuy n r bn thba cung c d v Nh c ng p ch . ng ng hon ton c kh ng d v chnh nh n ch c cung c tnh ton my th hi p m c n. Truy nh thng qua D v truy nh thng qua m ton p ch c p ng Internet c d trn cc chu thng d bao g c u, a n ng, m cc l ch an ninh v chl ng d v a n t ch . Yu c t thi ho C b c t c n gi ha u i u c n yu u c n khng yu c g v n u k ng IT c ng i dng a D v c cung c ch p Tri khai th gian g n i n-th (near real-time), cB d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

7

Gi c Giao di ng i dng n Giao di h ng n th

Ti nguyn dng chung

cn b ng ng Gi c n ctrn ssd th t c ng c v c chia nh Trnh duycho nhi lothib t u i t D trn Web Services APIs, cung c m a p t khung lm vi tiu chu (standard c n framework) truy nh v tch h trong d p p ch v m my Ti nguyn dng chung gi nh ng i c a ng dng c d v my, tuy nhin, thng a ch m qua cc l ch c hnh c d v ng i a n u a ch , dng c th bi ty n.

Cc cng ngh o u ki cho shnh thnh c tnh ton my t i n a m (Enabling Technologies) Cc cng ngh chnh t u ki hnh thnh tnh ton my m t o i n m c m ny, chng g cng ngh ha (virtualization), Web service and c m: o service-oriented architechture, service flows and workflows, Web 2.0 and Mashup. 2. 2.1. Cng ngh o ha (virtualization) L th a tnh ton my l kh ng ha v chia s nguyn gi cc i c m n o ti a d khc nhau v m tiu sd server t h Hnh 1.6 th n m ng ng i c ng t n. hi t v d . Trong tnh ton phi my ba platforms c l nhau dng cho ba m p c ng d khc nhau ch trn m server c ring m d Trong tnh ton ng y i a i ng ng. my, servers c th c dng chung, ho ha, cho cc h i hnh v m c o u d v v c t servers h ng ng, y n n. Cng ngh ha g cc kthu my nhVmware and Xen, virtual o m t o networks nhVPN. My cung c csht IT ha theo nhu c o p ng o u (virtualized IT-infrastructures), trong khi virtual networks h ng i dng tr mmi tr ng m ty bi truy nh cc ti nguyn my. t ng n p m

B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

8

Hnh 1.6. V d ha: trong tnh ton phi my, c 3 servers; trong v o m n tnh ton my, ch servers s ng (Theo Jones) m 2 c d 2.2. Web service and service-oriented architechture Web Service v service-oriented architechture (SOA) khng ph l cc t ng i m tuy nhin, chng l cc cng ngh i; cscho tnh ton my. Cc d m ch v m my thik i hnh nh c t n Web services, tun theo cc chu cng n nghi g WSDL, SOAP, UDDI. M SOA tch v qu l cc Web p m t c n services trong my (Vouk, 2008). M SOA c g m t h d v m t ng m t p p ch my, chng s sng hong trn cc platforms phn b u n m n t c nhi i. 2.3. Service flows and workflows t ng v service flows and workflow mu ni n m stch h c cc n t p a ho ng trn n d v(service-based activities) cung c trn t n ch c p m my. Workflows tr thnh m trong s ng l v nghin c quan tr t nh nh c u ng c c d u v h ng thng tin (Vouk, 2008). a s li th 2.4. Web 2.0 and Mashup Web 2.0 l m t ng m v n dung l sd cng ngh t i i i ng Web v thik t Web nng cao ssng t chia sthng tin v h tc gi nh ng i o, p a ng dng (Wang, Tao & Kunze, 2008). Mkhc, Mashup l m d Web k t t ng ng t h d u t t vi ngu thnh m cng c u tr p li m n t l tch h duy nh(single p tB d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

9

integrated storage tool). C cng ngh r h ch i v tnh ton hai ny t u i m my.

Hnh 1.7. Ki trc tnh ton my sd nhi components d n m ng u a ng cc m khc nhau (Theo Hutchinson and Ward, 2009) c 3. c tnh c tnh ton my (Cloud Computing Features) a m Tnh ton my c m sc tnh m so v cc m hnh tnh ton khc m t i i (Wang et al., 2008; Grossman, 2009) nh sau: D vcn b v theo nhu c (Scalability and on-demand ch ng p ng u services). Tnh ton my cung c cc ti nguyn v d vcho m p ch ng i dng theo nhu c c hTi nguyn ng thi cn b u a . p ng tr ng (c n n y). n u p ng Giao di h ng ng i dng (User-centric interface). Giao di my n n m thik c t truy nh thng qua cc trnh duy p t. Ch l ng d v m b (Guaranteed Quality of Service). QoS t ch c o m b v t hi n ph c c o m u ng n ng/CPU, b thng, v cng su ng t b . nh H ng tqu (Autonomous system). Cc h ng tnh ton my th n th m l cc h ng tqu l v trong su i v ng i dng. Tuy nhin, th n t i ph m v d u trong my c th c ti c hnh v h n m li m u c p nhtng thnh mplatform n gi theo nhu c c ng i dng. t t n u a B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

10

nh gi (Pricing). Tnh ton my khng yu c ng i dng ph m u i u tl ngay tu. Ng i dng tr n cho d v cng su m n ti ch v t h n theo nhu c c ng u. 3.1. Cc tiu chu tnh ton my (Cloud computing standards) n m Cc tiu chu c tnh ton my ch pht tri y ; tuy nhin, n a m a c n m s t tiu chu m khng chch n v t (lightweight and open standards) t o u ki cho spht tri c tnh ton my. B 1.3 minh h m s i n n a m ng a t tiu chu nh y. n v B ng 1.3. Cc tiu chu n c a tnh ton m my (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing) d (Applications) ng ng Truy thng: HTTP, XMPP. n An ninh: Oauth, OpenID, SSL/TLS Syndication: Atom Client Trnh duy AJAX t: Ngotuy (Offline): HTML5 i n Thi cng ha: OVF o Platform Solution stack: LAMP D v ch D u: XML, JSON li Web Services: REST 3.2. An ninh c tnh ton my (Cloud computing security) a m M trong nh v then ch khi xy d giphp tnh ton my l t ng n t ng i m th hi cc my (virtual machines), chng ch cc d then ch v c n o a ng ng t dli nh c trong mi tr ng my dng chung v cng khai. V v u y m m y, ng i dng c d v a ch tnh ton my quan tm n cc v an ninh sau m n (Cloud computing security, Third Brigade, www.cloudreadysecurity.com): Ng i dng sv ki sot an ninh thng tin c hi v cc n m c a i d v d v ng ng ch ? Li c th ng minh cho ng i dng tch r cc h ng m u ch c ng th b an ninh v SLAs? o p ng Li ki ton c cng ty c bi nh r r c h ng cung c u m a t ng c i a th p d v ch khng?

B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

11

Trong cc trung tm dli truy th cch ti c an ninh thng th ng l u n ng, p n b t ng l vng gi h phn m m h ng phng ng v pht c a, i n, nh ng, th a hi xm nh cung c gim st m n p, p ng. Cc yu c v ninh i v nh cung c tnh ton my bu v cc u an i p m t i k t v cng c tnh thu t ng trung tm dli truy th d m u n ng ng ng t vnh an ninh m tht Tuy nhin, cc bi php d trn ph c v ai ng t t. n a n ng phn vng v l (physical segmentation) khng thp d cho cc cu t t ng c n cng gi cc my trn cng m server. Cc servers trong h ng tnh ton a o t th my sd cng cc h i hnh, cc d x nghi v d m ng u ng ng p ng ng web (enterprise and web applications) gi l thnh cc my trn cng c i o nh servers vl. V v m k n cng c th ng t y, t t khai thc t cc m y xa i u trong cc h ng v d Ngoi ra, s v a nhi my (VM) th ng ng . nh c u o trn cng m v lm t kh ng t cng b t v r ro v t tr ng n n m i st cng n gi cc VMs (VM-to-VM). Cc h ng phng ng v pht hi xm nh a th a n p c phc kh ng pht hi cc hong x c VM, bch v c n i n n t u m t p tr a VM trong mi trng my (Cloud computing security, Third Brigade, m o www.cloudreadysecurity.com). Tm l cc mi tr ng tri khai cc cch ninh trn cc my bao i, o n an o g t ng l h ng phng ng v pht hi xm nh gim st tch h m a, th a n p, p, thanh tra truy nh (log inspection). p 4. Platforms tnh ton my (Cloud computing platforms) m Tnh ton my c ti n th ng mrl Theo nghin c th m m ng i t n. u tr ng c IDC, cc d v m my s ng t t a ch t 16 USD n 2008 n kho 42 t m ng USD n 2012 v t th n trn t chi ph IT t m ng ph ng 4,2% ln 8,5%. B 1.4 th n cc nhn vchnh cung c cloud computing platforms v cc ng hi t p d v ch cho m c h i a .

B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

12

B 1.4. Cc cng ty chnh cung c cloud computing platforms (Theo ng p Lakshmanan 2009) Cng ty Cloud N m D v ch cho m i computing b t platforms u Amazon.com AWS (Amazon 2006 Csh ng nhl d vIaaS t ch Web Services) (L tr Tnh ton, Message u , queues, Datasets, Content distribution) Microsoft Azure 2009 Application platforms nhl d ch v (.NET, SQL data services) Google Google App 2008 Web Application Platform nhl Engine d ch v (Python run time environnement) IBM Blue Cloud 2008 Virtualized Blue cloud data center Salesforce.com Force.com 2008 Proprietary 4GL Web application framework as an on Demand platform B 1.5 so snh ba cloud computing platforms: Amazon, Google, Microsoft v ng m c gi quan tm, c th t, no xem trong ti li g u c. 4.1. nh gi (Pricing) Vi gi cloud platforms v cloud services c ctrn ba y tchnh: (i) c nh n u l tr u (storage), (ii) b thng (bandwidth), (iii) tnh ton (compute). ng L trth ng l ng theo l ng dli trung bnh hng ngy tnh u c o u theo GB, chi ph tnh trn m thng. i B thng l ng b cch tnh ton t lng dli ng c o ng ng u c chuy vo v ra kh platform service thng qua cc giao d v xl l n i ch (batch processing). Ni chung, vi chuy dli gi cc d vtrong c n u a ch cng platform th mi ph trong nhi platforms. c n u Tnh ton l ng nhl n v i gian (time unit) c thi ch c o th n t y m instance, ho m d ho m my (machine) t c t ng ng, c t ph vcc c requests. B 6 so snh gi c ba cloud computing platforms chnh. ng a

B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

13

B 1.6. So snh gi c cc cloud computing platforms (Theo Which cloud ng a platform is right for you?, www.cumulux.com) Ti nguyn n v tnh Amazon Google Microsoft Strored data GB/thng 0,1 USD 0,15 USD 0,15 USD Storage transaction Per 10K 0,1 USD 0,1 USD requests Outgoing bandwidth GB 0,1-0,17 0,12 USD 0,15 USD USD Incoming bandwidth GB 0,1 USD 0,1 USD 0,1 USD Compute time Instance 0,1-0,12 0,1 USD 0,12 USD Hours USD Tm l b cch phn tch chi ph c cloud computing, ph c vo cc c i, ng a thu tnh c d chi ph tri khai m d c thbi i d trn a ng ng, n t ng ng n a platform l ch Theo B 1.6, d ng nhchi ph n v a ba c a n. ng c platforms chnh kh gi nhau. Bn c ph n v u quan tr l ng nh nh , th i ng chuy i ph ny thnh ph b tr, tri khai v pht tri d hng n o n n ng ng thng. 4.2. Cloud computing components v cc nh cung c p Cc ph tchnh h thnh cloud computing platforms l ph c my tnh n p n ng (computer hardware), h ng l tr(storage), csh ng (infrastructure), th u t ph m my tnh (computer software), h i hnh (OS), s ha platform n m u o (platform virtualization). Cc nh cung c hng u vcloud computing p components th hi trn B c n ng 1.7. (Cloud Computing, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing). B 1.7. Cc nh cung c hng u cloud computing components ng p Cloud computing Nh cung c p components Ph c n ng Dell, HP, IBM, Sun H ng l tr Sun, EMC, IBM th u C h ng s t Cisco, Juniper Network, Brocade Communication Ph m n m 3tera, Eucalyptus, G-Eclipse, Hadoop H i hnh u Solaris, AIX, Linux (Red Hat, Ubuntu) ho platform o Citrix, VMWare, IBM, Xen, Linux KVM, Microsoft, Sun xVMB d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

14

5. V dv n khai d Web tri ng ng Trong m ny, chng ti s i thi m v d tri khai d web hai c gi u t v n ng ng t s ng my, minh h trong Hnh 1.8. ng d m a

Hnh 1.8. V dvtri khai m d thnh ki trc two-tier Web n t ng ng n server s ng tnh ton my (Theo Sun Microsystems, 2009) d m Cc b c tri khai d xem trong nguyn b trang 37. n ng ng n, Thng th ng, khch hng sd d v ng ch tnh ton my th ng l doanh m nghi v v nhTuy nhin, g xuhi ms ch v p a . n y t n t d tnh ton m my dnh cho doanh nghi l B 1.8 minh h ba v d p n. ng a tnh ton my m cho doanh nghi l (Lakshmanan, 2009). p n B 1.8. Cc v d tnh ton my cho doanh nghi l ng v m p n Nh cung c p p ng Sd ng L ch i Eli Lilly R&D High Amazon server Th gian tri i n Performance and storage cluster khai nhanh v i Computing for drug discovery chi ph th p analysis and modeling New York Times Data Conversion Conversion of Cung c nhanh p archival articles (3 v r linh ho t t million) into new ti nguyn cs data format using h ng tB d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

15

Pitney Bowes

B2B Application

Amazon elastic compute services Hosted model mail printing application for clients. Uses MS Azure.net and SQL services for the hosted model option

linh ho v t i chi ph th h p n v c h m i i cho doanh nghi p

6. Thch th c tnh ton my c a m Ni ng g m hnh tnh ton my cung c m s i ch v l th n n, m p t l i cho ng i dng so v cc m hnh tnh ton khc m nhi tch sd i u c ang ng. Tuy nhin, v c m s n t thch th cc nh nghin c v th hnh k ra c c u c d i (Leavitt, 2009). y 6.1. Hi n (Performance) u ng V chnh v u n c th p i v cc d h ng giao d v n hi ng g i ng ng ch h ng dli (intensive transaction-oriented and data intensive applications). u Nh ng i dng t kho cch xa so v nh cung c my c th ng m ng i p m c kinh nghi v c d v m tr a ch . 6.2. An ninh v tnh ring t (Security and Private) Cc doanh nghi khi sd d vtnh ton my v cn cn nh v p ng ch m n c v an ninh thng tin. Khch hng b kho v m y c th t n n n cc i u b n cng khi thng tin v cc ti nguyn IT tr y bn ngoi b t ng l ng u c a. Gi php v ninh l gi cho r cc nh cung c tnh ton my i an nh ng p m tun th h ng d th hnh an ninh tiu chu nh c m t cc n c n trong M c 3.2. 6.3. Ki sot (Control) m M s t khch hng b kho v c nh cung c tnh ton my ki sot n n vi p m m hon ton cc platforms. 6.4. Chi ph b thng (Bandwidth costs) ng

B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

16

V tnh ton my, cc cng ty c th t ki ti b mua s ph c i m ti m n c m n ng v ph m tuy nhin, c th n m, hs i tr ph kh cao cho b thng. ph chi ng Chi ph ny c thth i v cc p i ng-d ng-d a-trn-Internet c kch th c nhkhng s ng nhi dli nh c th k v cc d , d u u, ng l ng i i ng ng s ng nhi d u. d u li 6.5. tin c (Reliability) y Tnh ton my v khng th m n cung c d v tin c su ngy p ch c y t m. V c nh tr ng h d vtnh ton my c sc t vi gim n ng p ch m m i ngy. Trong t ng lai, chng ta c th v c nhi nh cung c d v k ng u p ch tnh ton my h d v m n, ch phong ph h cc tiu chu v h ng d th hnh t n, n n c t nh xc l t c p. Trong l v nghin c HP Labs, Intel, Yahoo kh ng distributed nh c u, i Cloud Research Test Bad, v cc thi b i t Chu , Chu u v B Mnh c , m m tiu tm ki cc sng ki v con chp dnh ring cho tnh ton c m n cc m my. IBM kh ng Research Computing Cloud - m t h cc ti nguyn i t p p tnh ton c th truy nh theo nhu c trn ton th i h cc quy trnh p u gi tr kinh doanh. 7. Tnh ton my trong t ng lai m

Hnh 1.9. Ki trc my lai phn tn (Theo Lakshmanan 2009) n mB d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

17

Tm l tnh ton my v l m ki m hnh/ki trc tnh ton (type of i, m n t u n computing paradigm/architecture) c m th gian di n hon thi Trong n t i a n. t ng lai g tnh ton my c th t hi d i nhi hnh th M n, m xu n u c. t k b khthi l doanh nghi c th s d my lai phn tn ch n p ng m (distributed hybrid cloud) nh minh h trong Hnh 1.9. a Theo k b ny, doanh nghi ssd cc d li trn my ch n p ng ng ng m ring c h private cloud), trong khi m s ng d khc s c phn a (its t ng tn trn mvi my ring, chng t ha cho cc d c . t m c i u ng ng th Ti li tham kh u o

B d ny thu sch Cng nghthng tin tsch do SATA-APTECH tuy ch v gi n ch c T , n n i thi B c thxem v tv u. n i trn www.sata-aptech.edu.vn , ho satablog2.wordpress.com c

18