church crookham hampshire - cotswold archaeology€¦ · land at watery lane hampshire...
TRANSCRIPT
Land at Watery Lane Church Crookham
Hampshire
Archaeological Evaluation
for
Martin Grant Homes
CA Project: 770385 Report No. 16436
June 2016
Land at Watery Lane
Church Crookham Hampshire
Archaeological Evaluation
CA Project: 770385 CA Report: 16436
Document Control Grid
Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for revision
Approved by
A 27/07/16 M. Nichol Richard Greatorex
Internal review
General Edit Richard Greatorex
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third
party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
© Cotswold Archaeology
© Cotswold Archaeology
1
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 5
2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................ 6
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 10
4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 10
5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-22) ............................................................................... 12
6. THE FINDS ........................................................................................................ 31
7. THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ................................................... 32
8. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 33
9. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 38
10. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 38
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................... 40
APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ............................................................................................. 82
APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ....................................... 83
APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM .......................................................................... 84
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000)
Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features, services and Field 1-5
locations (1:2500)
Fig. 3 Field 1: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:750)
Fig. 4 Field 2: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:750)
Fig. 5 Field 3: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:750)
Fig. 6 Field 4: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:1000)
Fig. 7 Field 5: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:1000)
Fig. 8 Aerial mapping of Chequers Bridge Switch Line (circa 1946) show site location and
WW2 tank trap defence
Fig. 9 Illustration of Tank Proof Obstacles, Royal Engineers Manual (circa 1936)
Fig. 10 Field 2: Trench 90; plan, section & photograph (Pit 9003)
Fig. 11 Field 2: Trench 98; plan, section & photographs (Pit 9803)
Fig. 12 Field 3: Trench 55; plan, section & photographs (Posthole 5503 & Ditch 5505)
© Cotswold Archaeology
2
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Fig. 13 Field 3: Trench 59; plan, sections and photographs (Postholes 5909, 5915 & 5923)
Fig. 14 Field 4: Trench 31; plan, sections & photographs (Posthole 3109 & Ditch 3117)
Fig. 15 Field 4: Trench 37; plan, sections & photographs (Elongated Posthole 3725)
Fig. 16 Field 4: Trench 43; plan & photograph
Fig. 17 Reinstatement undertaken by CA between Field 4 & Field 5
© Cotswold Archaeology
3
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Summary
Project Name: Land at Watery Lane
Location: Church Crookham, Hampshire
NGR: SU 8015 5112
Type: Evaluation
Date: 08-23 June 2016
Planning Reference: 14/00504/MAJOR (Appeal Decisions APP/N1730/A/14/2228404,
APP/N1730/A/14/2228408)
Location of Archive: Hampshire Museum Services
Accession Number: TBC
Site Code: LWLC 16
An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in June 2016 at
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire. Ninety-three trenches were excavated.
Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post-medieval and modern date) were
identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69
to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99 within Field
2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20,
24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5.
Within Field 2, a small pit was identified within Trench 90 which contained an assemblage
of charcoal remains and a pit containing a small assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was
identified within Trench 98 dating the feature to the late prehistoric period. Both pits are
isolated examples indicative of temporary settlement at some point during the prehistoric
period. A similar, isolated pit, was also identified within Trench 92, but was undated.
Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a series of
three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west. Based on their morphology
and fill characteristics the ditches are typical of historic farming practices dating to the
medieval period. Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field
boundary network is likely to be associated with historic field boundaries dating to the later
medieval and post-medieval periods. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was
found to the north within Field 4 and to the west and south-west within Field 5. Trench 38 in
Field 4 contained a series of north/south orientated wheel ruts. Although these features
were not excavated and no finds recovered, their location situated parallel to the existing
© Cotswold Archaeology
4
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
east field boundary also suggests a possible later medieval or post-medieval date for the
wheel rutting.
One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench evaluation within
Field 1 – 5; all are likely to date to the modern period. Square cut postholes were found
within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes were found within Fields 2, 3, 4
and 5. Based on their frequent intermittent positioning but also their projected alignments,
morphology and fill characteristics and dating evidence, the postholes are likely to form part
of an extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles such as barbed wire
entanglements or possible timber constructed tank proof obstacles erected during important
anti-invasion defence works. If the features are associated with a network of Second World
War tactical obstacles, and this seems likely, then they are located between the southern
end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge and to the north of the Area
Defence associated with the heavily defended army camp north of Ewshot and are important
to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of Britain in 1940.
© Cotswold Archaeology
5
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 In June 2016 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation
for Martin Grant Homes (centred at NGR: SU 8015 5112), and hereafter referred to
as the Site (see Figure 1).
1.2 A planning application has been granted by Hart District Council (Ref
14/00504/MAJOR) for up to 315 residential units, land for up to 1,050m2 D1 floor
space for a GP surgery including pharmacy and up to 370m2 A1 retail floor space for
a convenience food store and associated access, open space, playing pitches
including MUGA and car park, landscaping, Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace
(SANG) including car park and improvements to the A287/Redfields Lane junction. A
second planning application was also granted (Ref 14/01223/FUL) for a signalised
access junction on Redfields Lane to the proposed Albany Park Development.
1.3 These were granted on appeal (Appeal Decisions APP/N1730/A/14/2228404,
APP/N1730/A/14/2228408) subject to the following archaeological conditions:
Condition 27
No works shall take place on land to which reserved matters relate until the
developer has secured the implementation of a programme of archaeological work
in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation that has been first submitted
to and approved in writing by the local planning authority for that part of the site. The
works shall take place in accordance with the approved details.
Condition 28
Following the completion of archaeological fieldwork, a report shall be produced in
accordance with an approved programme including where appropriate, post –
excavation assessment, specialist analysis and reports.
Condition 29
Prior to their demolition, the pillboxes which will be removed to facilitate the junction
improvement of the A287, shall fully be recorded in accordance with a scheme to be
submitted to and agreed in writing by the local planning authority.
© Cotswold Archaeology
6
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
1.4 The archaeological evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme
of Investigation: Archaeological Field Evaluation (WSI) (CA, 2016a) and approved
by Neil Adam, Senior Archaeologist for Hampshire County Council (HCC) and
archaeological advisor to Hart District Council (HDC) prior to the commencement of
fieldwork. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological
Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English
Heritage 1991), the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment
(MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). The evaluation was managed
Cotswold Archaeology (CA) Project Manager Richard Greatorex. The work was
monitored by Neil Adam (HCC) to include a site visit on 16 June 2016. All machined
trenches were backfilled and reinstatement was completed to the satisfaction of the
Client.
The site
1.5 The proposed development area measures approximately 33ha, and comprises a
number of fields and paddocks with established hedgerows and wooded areas. It is
bounded by agricultural land and woodland to the south and west, by residential
development to the east, and by the Basingstoke Canal to the north. The Site is
located on a slight incline sloping down towards a stream feeding into the
Basingstoke Canal to the north-west at an elevation of approximately 75-90m above
Ordnance Datum (aOD). The SANG in the north-west portion of the Site occupies a
small hill, the location of a disused quarry.
1.6 The proposed roundabout at the junction of Redfield’s Lane and the A287
encompasses an area of 1ha, encompassing the existing road layout in this area
and extending into farmland to the north-east.
1.7 The underlying geology is mapped as clay, silt and sand of the London Clay
Formation, overlain by alluvium in the area of the western SANG (BGS Online).
2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
2.1 A detailed desk-based assessment (DBA) of the archaeological and historical
background of the site has been produced by Wessex Archaeology (WA 2014), a
summary of which is provided below:
© Cotswold Archaeology
7
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Prehistoric
2.2 Early prehistoric activity in the local area of the Site is attested by a number of
individual and group find spots of Mesolithic flint tools to the south and east. A
particular concentration has been recorded at Heath Brow near Ewshot, 2km to the
south-east, on a site later occupied by a Bronze Age barrow cemetery. Early
prehistoric activity often favours river valleys due to the easy access to resources,
and the stream which currently runs through the northern part of the Site may have
been attractive to these communities.
2.3 A concentration of Bronze Age material was found during excavations at Hitches
Lane to the north of the Study Area and this was used to date a series of post pits
interpreted as forming a large and small pair of concentric timber circles possibly
representative of a later prehistoric meeting place.
2.4 The large multivallate Iron Age hillfort of Caesar’s Camp lies 3km to the east of the
Site on an irregular promontory on the Bagshot series of sands and gravels. Partial
excavation of the interior has recorded evidence of domestic structures and
environmental evidence indicative of extended occupation and later reuse. The site
developed from a univallate to a multivallate hillfort indicates that the site served an
important role in the community of that period and continued to act as a focus of
activities.
2.5 Within the Study Area an archaeological evaluation undertaken in 2011 at Queen
Elizabeth Barracks found evidence of possible Middle Iron Age occupation c.1 km
east of the Site.
Romano-British
2.6 The occupation of this period in the area of the Site is likely to have been comprised
of a number of small, scattered settlements in a largely agricultural landscape. The
Roman road between Winchester and London is thought to have run south-west to
north-east in the general alignment of the modern A31. The minor settlement of
Vindomis is believed to have been situated on this route way, close to Neatham, and
a low level pottery industry has been indicated at Farnham through the discovery of
a number of kilns. Roman villas are known at Alton, Farnham and at Barley Pound.
A mosaic pavement was recorded on the latter.
© Cotswold Archaeology
8
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
2.7 Recent excavations at Hitches Lane 2km to the north of the Study Area have
recorded concentrations of finds and features indicative of occupation of mid-Roman
date. Pits, post-holes, gullies and ditches of indeterminate plan were found at this
site, many of which contained mid-late 2nd to late 3rd century pottery. The focus of
this activity is believed to lie to the south of the area investigated for development,
towards Crookham village, with poorly dated features likely associated with
agricultural boundaries to the north.
Medieval
2.8 Earthworks at Barley Pound 3km to the south of the Site, define a good example of
a ring and bailey castle of probable 12th century construction. It is likely that the
fortress formed part of the defensive network of sites which stretched across the
landscape during the turbulent mid-12th century and the civil wars of Stephen and
Matilda. It has been suggested that the site was abandoned in favour of Farnham
Castle following the siege of 1147, during which time the motte and bailey fortress of
Powderham Castle was constructed 500m to the north-west.
2.9 In the 11th century the Iron Age hillfort at Caesar’s Camp formed part of the
Farnham estate of the Bishop of Winchester and by the 13th century it was one of
three parks attached to Farnham Castle. The prehistoric defences were reused as
part of a pale park.
2.10 Velmead Farmhouse at the north-eastern boundary of the Site, was first
documented in 1341 AD as ‘Feldmede’, translated as ‘meadow land by the open
country’. This indicates that in this period the Site, and much of the local area, was
part of an agricultural landscape interspersed with small settlements such as
Crookham and Crondall. The presence of the stream running north to south through
the western area would have precluded intensive utilisation of these fields, being
liable to seasonal flooding.
Post-medieval and modern
2.11 The Site and the Study Area seem to have retained their rural character throughout
the post-medieval period and there is no indication of any significant development
during much of this period. Church Crookham itself originates in the 1840’s when a
settlement developed around a new church was built between the pre-existing
religious centres at Crookham and Crondall.
© Cotswold Archaeology
9
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
2.12 The earliest cartographic depiction of the Site consulted for this study is the 1846
Crondall Tithe Map. At this date the Basingstoke Canal to the north of the Site had
already been constructed and the surrounding landscape was populated with farms
and fields of post-medieval enclosure type.
2.13 Early editions of Ordnance Survey mapping (1873, 1897 and 1961-62) show little
change within the Site and its environs, with the pattern of field boundaries
remaining similar to those displayed on the Tithe map. The southern and western
sections of the Site demonstrate continuity of boundary from the 1846 tithe to the
present day, the north/eastern section, that area bounded by Water Lane and the
Basingstoke Canal was subdivided into a number of smaller fields until the late 20th
century when part of the land was developed as playing fields.
2.14 Church Crookham was on Line A of the GHQ (General Headquarters) line of
defences constructed from 1940 as a response to the threat of a German invasion in
World War II. GHQ Line A was divided into sectors falling within South Aldershot
Sub-Area, numbers 3 and 4 of which led to Warren Corner in Crondall, to the south-
east of the Application Area. One of these sectors runs to the north of the A287,
crossing the route of the road at Dares Farm in the area of the proposed roundabout
junction improvements where Pillbox HER 24237 and Pillbox HER 24208 are
located (CA, 2016b). The principal defensive obstacle was an anti-tank ditch or tank
trap. The anti-tank obstacle was in part at least a hand-dug by troops from Aldershot
Garrison, and in front of that forward part of the Line a demolition belt was planned.
The approximate course of this section of the Line A would suggest there is the
potential that backfilled earthwork remains, such as the anti-tank ditch may be
situated in the area of the proposed roundabout.
2.15 The area has been assessed to have been potentially the most heavily defended
location in the country during the Second World War.
2.16 There are a high density of military defence features of this period within the Study
Area. These include anti-tank ditches and obstacles, barbed wire entanglements,
and a very high number of pillboxes (32 predominantly of type 24) and Vickers
machine gun emplacements (10). Two of the latter are located within the northern
portion of the Site, beyond the area designated as housing. An additional two type
24 pillboxes are recorded at the proposed roundabout within the Hampshire AHBR.
Both of these survive as extant structures in a good state of preservation. The
© Cotswold Archaeology
10
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
monuments follow the course of Line A running between Ewshot and Crondall at the
western edge of the Study Area, and are densely clustered on the heavily defended
ridge at Ridding’s Copse to the south of the Queen Elizabeth Barracks.
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
3.1 The objectives of the evaluation were to provide information about the
archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character,
extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality. In accordance with the
Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the
evaluation was designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to
archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable Hampshire County
Council to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset,
consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise
conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the
development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG
2012).
4. METHODOLOGY
4.1 Ninety-three trial trenches were machine excavated within five fields (Field 1 – 5) in
June 2016. All machine excavated trenches measured approximately 30m x 1.8m
with exception of three trenches; Trench 66 in Field 1 which measured 40m x 1.8m,
Trench 100 in Field 2 which measured 39m x 1.8m, and Trench 47 in Field 3 which
measured 35m x 1.8m (see Figures 2-7).
4.2 Seven Trenches were not machine excavated; Trench 67 within Field 1 and Trench
77 within Field 2 were inaccessible during the evaluation and not machine
excavated due to dense scrub located within the vicinity. Trenches 78, 79, 80, 81
and 82 were inaccessible and not machine excavated due to their location
positioned within and area of dense scrubland and woodland between Fields 2 and
Field 3 (see Figures 2, 3 & 4).
4.3 Trenches 62 and 66 within Field 1, Trenches 84, 90, 97, 98, 99 and 100 within
Field 2, Trench 31 within Field 4 and Trenches 17 and 26 within Field 5 were
moved several metres due to on site obstructions such as existing fence lines,
© Cotswold Archaeology
11
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
temporary above ground obstructions or over hanging tree canopies. Trench 43
within Field 4 was machine excavated safely between an overhead service located
to the north and an overhanging tree canopy located to the south of the trench (see
Figures 2, 3, 4, 6 & 7).
4.4 An ecology specialist was present during breakthrough of two existing hedgerows
located at two access points between Field 3 and Field 4 and also between Field 4
and Field 5 on 9th & 15th June 2016 respectively after consultation with the
specialist. Reinstatement was undertaken by CA between Field 4 and Field 5 upon
completion and backfill of Field 5 on 17 June 2016 during the trial trench evaluation
(see Figures 2 & 17).
4.5 Excavated trial trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using
Leica GPS. The final completed trench survey was recorded using Leica GPS in
accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.
4.6 Due regard for known services was undertaken prior to, during excavation and upon
completion of the work at the Site. All work was undertaken in accordance with the
Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 and Safe Systems of Work for – Excavations,
Working Outdoors, Avoiding Overhead Services & Underground Services, Asbestos
and Substances/Contaminated ground and correct PPE worn at all times.
4.7 All trial trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless
grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant
archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or
the natural geological horizon, whichever was encountered first. Where
archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in
accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.
4.8 Deposits was assessed for palaeo-environmental potential in accordance with CA
Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other
Samples from Archaeological Sites and sampled. All artefacts were processed in
accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after
Excavation.
4.9 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their
offices in Andover and Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the
© Cotswold Archaeology
12
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
artefacts will be deposited with Hampshire Museums Service along with the site
archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix D, will
be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.
5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-22)
5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of
the recorded contexts and the finds are contained within Appendices A, B & C
respectively.
5.2 All trenches containing archaeology have been grouped into specific field numbers,
(Field 1 – 5) depending on which field they were located. Modern postholes of
possible Second World War date were also found within each field across the Site.
5.3 Ninety-three trial trenches were machine excavated within five fields (Field 1 – 5) in
June 2016. Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post-
medieval/modern date) were identified during the trial trench evaluation within fifty-
eight trenches; (Field 1 – 5), (see Table 1 & Figures 2-7);
Archaeology
Field 1 Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76
Field 2 Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99
Field 3 Trenches 47 to 60
Field 4 Trenches 29 to 46
Field 5 Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28
Table 1: Archaeological features found within trenches
5.4 No archaeological features or deposits were found during the trial trench evaluation
within thirty-five trenches, Field 1, 2, 3 and 5 (see Table 2 & Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 & 7);
Archaeology
Field 1 Trenches 61, 62, 65, 68 and 72
Field 2 Trenches 83, 86, 88, 89, 91, 94 and 100
Field 3 Trench 57
Field 5 Trenches 1 to 7 and 9 to 19, 21 to 23 and 25
Table 2: No archaeological features found within trenches
5.5 Artefact evidence was recovered from Trenches 30 and 37 within Field 4,
Trenches 87, 93, 95, 97 and 98 within Field 2 (see Figures 2 & 3).
© Cotswold Archaeology
13
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5.6 Land drains, including many ceramic, were identified within sixty-seven trenches in
Field 1 - 5; Trenches 61 to 68 and 70 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 92 to 94 and
96 and 100 within Field 2; Trenches 47, 50 to 58 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 37
and 39 to 46 within Field 4; Trenches 1, 6, 8 to 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5 (see
Figures 2 & 7).
5.7 Tree-throws were identified within fourteen trenches in Field 1 - 5; Trench 72 within
Field 1; Trenches 95, 97, 98 and 99 within Field 2; Trenches 51 and 53 within
Field 3; Trenches 30 and 32 within Field 4; Trenches 6, 9, 14, 16 and 18 within
Field 5 (see Figure 2 & 7).
5.8 A modern disused blue plastic water pipe was identified within Trench 56 within
Field 3 (see Figures 2 & 5).
Field 1
Trench 63 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.9 Trench 63 was located to the north-west within Field 1 and contained a single
archaeological feature; posthole 6303 was broadly square in plan and contained an
unexcavated fill 6304. No finds were identified. Trench 63 also contained a land
drain.
Trench 64 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.10 Trench 64 was located to the north-west within Field 1 and contained two
archaeological features; postholes 6403 and 6405. The postholes were broadly
square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench
64 also contained a land drain.
Trench 66 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.11 Trench 66 was located to the north-east within Field 1 and contained six
archaeological features; postholes 6603, 6605, 6607, 6609, 6611 and posthole
6613. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and
no finds were identified. Trench 66 also contained three land drains.
Trench 69 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.12 Trench 69 was located to the west within Field 1 and contained seven
archaeological features; postholes 6903, 6905, 6907, 6909, 6911, 6913 and
© Cotswold Archaeology
14
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
posthole 6915. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an
unexcavated fill and no finds were identified.
Trench 70 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.13 Trench 70 was located centrally within Field 1 and contained four archaeological
features; postholes 7003, 7005, 7007 and 7009. The postholes were broadly square
in plan, contained an excavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 70 also
contained three land drains.
Trench 71 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.14 Trench 71 was located to the south-east within Field 1 and contained six
archaeological features; postholes 7103, 7105, 7107, 7109, 7111 and posthole
7113. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and
no finds were identified. Trench 71 also contained two land drains.
Trench 73 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.15 Trench 73 was located to the south-west within Field 1 and contained six
archaeological features; postholes 7303, 7305, 7307, 7309, 7311 and posthole
7313. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and
no finds were identified. Trench 73 also contained six land drains.
Trench 74 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.16 Trench 74 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained four archaeological
features; postholes 7403, 7405, 7407 and posthole 7409. The postholes were
broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified.
Trench 74 also contained a land drain.
Trench 75 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.17 Trench 75 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained four archaeological
features; gully 7503, postholes 7505, 7507 and 7509 and two land drains. Posthole
7505, 7507 and 7509 appear to be on an east/west alignment.
5.18 Gully 7503 was linear in plan and located to the east within the trench. The gully was
orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual to steep
sides and flat base and contained a single fill 7504. No finds were identified. Gully
7503 is likely to be a land drain similar to other examples found within Field 1.
© Cotswold Archaeology
15
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5.19 Posthole 7505 was broadly square in plan and comprised gradual sides, a flat base.
Postholes 7507 and 7509 were also broadly square in plan and contained an
unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.
Trench 76 (Figures 2 & 3)
5.20 Trench 76 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained two archaeological
features; postholes 7603 and 7605 were broadly square in plan, contained an
unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 76 also contained three land
drains.
Field 2
Trench 84 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.21 Trench 84 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained a single
archaeological feature; posthole 8403 was broadly circular in plan. The shallow
posthole comprised gradual to steep sides, a concave base and contained a single
fill 8404. No finds were identified.
Trench 85 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.22 Trench 85 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained four archaeological
features; gullies 8503, 8505 and gully 8507 and posthole 8509.
5.23 Gully 8503 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a U-
shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 8504. Gully 8503 is likely
to be a land drain contemporary with gully 8505 located immediately to the south.
No physical relationship was identified. Other land drains with a similar morphology
and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 2. No finds were identified.
5.24 Gully 8505 was L-shaped in plan, orientated north-east/south-west and north-
west/south-east, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a
single fill 8506. Gully 8505 is likely to be a land drain contemporary with gully 8503
located immediately to the north. No physical relationship was identified. Other land
drains with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within
Field 2. No finds were recovered.
© Cotswold Archaeology
16
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5.25 Gully 8507 was linear in plan, orientated north-west/south-east, comprised a u-
shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 8508. Gully 8507 is likely
to be a field drain. Field drainage with a similar morphology and fill characteristics
were found elsewhere within Field 2. No finds were recovered.
5.26 Posthole 8509 was broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual sides and a concave
base and contained a single fill 8510. No finds were recovered.
Trench 87 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.27 Trench 87 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained six archaeological
features; postholes 8703, 8705, 8707, 8709, 8711 and posthole 8713. The postholes
were broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual sides, a concave or flat base and
contained a single fill. No finds were recovered, except for a small fragment of
ceramic building material (CBM) recovered from fill 8704 in posthole 8703 and an
iron U-shaped spike thought to be a joiner’s staple dating to the Roman or medieval
periods was recovered from fill 8710 in posthole 8709. Both finds are likely to be
residual.
Trench 90 (Figures 2, 4 & 10)
5.28 Trench 90 was located to the west within Field 2 and contained a single
archaeological feature; pit 9003 was a small isolated feature, broadly circular in plan,
comprised gradual sides, a concave base and an assemblage of late prehistoric flint
flakes and several potsherds were recovered from the single fill 9004. A soil sample
1000 was recovered from fill 9004 and contained a small charred plant assemblage
including a fragment of sloe (Prunus spinosa) stone. The assemblage may represent
a dump of hearth material and is indicative of some settlement activity in the vicinity.
Trench 92 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.29 Trench 92 was located to the east within Field 2 and contained a single
archaeological feature; pit 9203 was broadly oval in plan, comprised gradual sides, a
concave base and contained a single fill 9204. No finds were identified. Trench 92
also contained a land drain.
Trench 93 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.30 Trench 93 was located to the south-east within Field 2 and contained six
archaeological features; posthole 9303 was broadly circular in plan, comprised
vertical sides, a concave base and a fragment of medieval ceramic building material
© Cotswold Archaeology
17
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
(CBM) was recovered from the single fill 9304. Postholes 9305, 9307, 9309, 9311
and posthole 9313 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and
no finds were identified. A single potsherd of glazed earthenware dating to the post-
medieval period was recovered from topsoil 9300. Trench 93 also contained two
land drains.
Trench 95 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.31 Trench 95 was located to the south within Field 2 and contained five archaeological
features; posthole 9503 was broadly circular in plan, comprised vertical sides, a flat
base and contained a single fill 9504. Postholes 9505, 9507, 9509 and posthole
9511 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were
identified. A single potsherd of glazed earthenware and an iron gate fitting dating to
the post-medieval period were recovered from topsoil 9500. Trench 95 also
contained a tree throw.
Trench 96 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.32 Trench 96 was located to the south within Field 2 and contained three
archaeological features; posthole 9603 comprised gradual sides, a concave base
and contained a single fill 9604, posthole 9605 comprised steep sides, a concave
base and contained a single fill 9606, posthole 9607 comprised gradual sides, a flat
base and contained a single fill 9608. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan
and no finds were identified. Trench 96 also contained a land drain.
Trench 97 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.33 Trench 97 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained two
archaeological features; ditches 9703 and 9707 and four treethrows, to include
treethrow 9705. Burnt flint and a flint flake dating to the prehistoric period were
recovered from the single fill 9706 in treethrow 9705. A single fragment of ceramic
building material (CBM) and an iron object of unknown date were recovered from
topsoil 9700.
5.34 Ditch 9703 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a U-
shaped profile with gradual sides and an undated iron nail was recovered from the
single fill 9704. Ditch 9703 is parallel with ditch 9707 located further south within the
trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9703 and 9707 are
likely to represent the remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to
two possible furrows found within Trench 99 located further south.
© Cotswold Archaeology
18
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5.35 Ditch 9707 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west and contained
unexcavated fill 9708. No finds were identified. Ditch 9707 is likely to be the same as
ditch 9903 in Trench 99. The ditch is parallel with ditch 9703 located further north
within the trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9707 and
9703 are likely to represent furrows dating to the medieval period similar to two
possible furrows found within Trench 99 located further south.
Trench 98 (Figures 2, 4 & 11)
5.36 Trench 98 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained a single
archaeological feature; pit or ditch terminus 9803 was broadly oval in plan,
comprised gradual sides and a concave base and an assemblage of late prehistoric
burnt flint and potsherds were recovered from the single fill 9804. A single potsherd
of refined white ware dating to the post-medieval period was recovered from topsoil
9800. Trench 98 also contained three natural features; treethrow 9805, 9807 and
9809.
Trench 99 (Figures 2 & 4)
5.37 Trench 99 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained two
archaeological features; ditches 9903 and 9905 and a tree throw.
5.38 Ditch 9903 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a shallow
U-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 9904. No finds were
identified. Ditch 9903 is likely to the same as ditch 9707 in Trench 97. The ditch is
parallel with ditch 9905 located further east within Trench 99. Based on the
morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9903 and 9905 are likely to represent the
remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to two possible furrows
found within Trench 97 located further north.
5.39 Ditch 9905 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a shallow
uneven profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 9906. No finds were
identified. Ditch 9905 is parallel with ditch 9903 located further west within the
trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9905 and 9903 are
likely to represent the remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to
two possible furrows found within Trench 97 located further north.
© Cotswold Archaeology
19
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Field 3
Trench 47 (Figures 2 & 5)
5.40 Trench 47 was located to the north-west within Field 3 and contained a single
archaeological feature; ditch 4707 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-
west, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides, a flat base and contained a
single fill 4708. No finds were identified. Ditch 4707 is likely to be the same as ditch
4903 in Trench 49. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 4707
and 4903 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch of unknown date. Trench 47
also contained two modern features; land drains 4703 and 4705.
Trench 48 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.41 Trench 48 was located to the north-west within Field 3 and contained a single
archaeological feature; posthole 4803 was broadly circular in plan, comprised
gradual to steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 4804. No finds were
identified.
Trench 49 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.42 Trench 49 was located to the west within Field 3 and contained a single
archaeological feature; ditch 4903 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-
west, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Ditch 4903 is likely
to be the same as ditch 4707 in Trench 47. Based on the morphology and fill
characteristics, ditches 4903 and 4707 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch
of unknown date.
Trench 50 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.43 Trench 50 was located to the north within Field 3 and contained two archaeological
features; gully 5003 and posthole 5005. Trench 50 also contained a land drain.
5.44 Gully 5003 was linear in plan, orientated north/south, comprised a U-shaped profile
with gradual sides and contained a single fill 5004. No finds were identified. Gully
5003 is likely to be a land drain similar to other examples found within Field 3.
5.45 Posthole 5005 was broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual to steep sides, an
uneven concave base and contained a single fill 5006. The posthole suffered from
root disturbance. No finds were identified.
© Cotswold Archaeology
20
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench 51 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.46 Trench 51 was located to the centrally within Field 3 and contained four
archaeological features; posthole 5103 comprised steep sides, a flat base and
contained a single fill 5104 and postholes 5107 and 5109 and contained an
unexcavated fill. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan. Possible hedgerow
5105 containing a single fill 5106 was orientated north-east/south-west and
comprised an irregular and an uneven profile and no finds were identified. Trench
51 also contained three treethrows. No finds were identified
Trench 52 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.47 Trench 52 was located to the south-west within Field 3 and contained two
archaeological features; posthole 5207 comprised very gradual sides, a concave
base and contained a single fill 5208 and posthole 5203 contained an unexcavated
fill. Both postholes were broadly square in plan and no finds were identified. Trench
52 also contained a modern feature; land drain 5205 which is on the same north-
west/south-east alignment as gully 5303 recorded in Trench 53 and is also similar to
other examples found within Field 3.
.
Trench 53 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.48 Trench 53 was located to the south within Field 3 and contained two archaeological
features; gully 5303 and posthole 5305. Posthole 5305 was broadly square in plan
with steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill. No finds were identified.
gully 5303 is on the same north-west/south-east alignment as land drain 5205 in
Trench 52 and is also similar to other modern examples found within Field 3.
Trench 53 also contained another land drain and a tree throw.
Trench 54 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.49 Trench 54 was located to centrally within Field 3 and contained four archaeological
features; postholes 5403 and 5407 comprised steep sides, a concave base and
contained a single fill. Postholes 5405 and 5409 contained an unexcavated fill. All
the postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be on an east/west alignment
and no finds were identified. Trench 54 also contained a land drain.
© Cotswold Archaeology
21
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench 55 (Figures 2, 5 & 12) 5.50 Trench 55 was located to the east within Field 3 and contained two archaeological
features; posthole 5503 and ditch 5505. Trench 55 also contained a land drain.
5.51 Posthole 5503 was broadly circular in plan, comprised a shallow profile with gradual
sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 5504. No finds were identified.
5.52 Ditch 5505 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north-east/south-west, comprised a
U-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 5506. No finds were
identified but an ‘in situ’ red fired clay ceramic drainage pipe was found at the base
of the ditch. Ditch 5505 is likely to the same as ditch 5803 in Trench 58 and ditch
5941 in Trench 59. Based on the similar morphology and fill characteristics, ditches
5505, 5803 and 5941 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the post-
medieval period. Ditch 5603 in Trench 56 is also likely to be associated.
Trench 56 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.53 Trench 56 was located to the east within Field 3 and contained a single
archaeological feature; ditch 5603 was possibly linear in plan, orientated broadly
north-west/south-east, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides, a flat base
and contained a single fill 5604. The ditch was only partially excavated due to its
location to the north of the trench. No finds were identified. Ditch 5603 is likely to
represent a field boundary ditch dating to the post-medieval period. Trench 56 also
contained a land drain and a modern defunct blue plastic water pipe.
Trench 58 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.54 Trench 58 was located to the south-east within Field 3 and contained a single
archaeological feature; ditch 5803 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north-
east/south-west, contained a single unexcavated fill and no finds were identified.
Ditch 5803 is possibly contemporary with ditches 5505 and 5941. Based on the ditch
morphology and fill characteristics, the feature is likely to represent a field boundary
ditch dating to the post-medieval period. Trench 58 also contained a linear feature
located immediately to the east of ditch 5803; it is possible this feature, although
interpreted as a natural anomaly, is likely to be associated with ditch 5943 found in
Trench 59.
© Cotswold Archaeology
22
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench 59 (Figures 2, 5 & 13)
5.55 Trench 59 was located to the south-east within Field 3 and contained twenty-one
archaeological features including two parallel lines of nineteen postholes and a
double ditch field boundary system; postholes 5903, 5905, 5907, 5909, 5911, 5913,
5915, 5917, 5919, 5921, 5923, 5925, 5927, 5929, 5931, 5933, 5935, 5937 and 5939
and ditch 5941 and 5943.
5.56 Posthole 5923 comprised a u-shaped profile, contained a single fill 5924 and no
finds were identified. Postholes 5903, 5907, 5911, 5913, 5917, 5921, 5927, 5929,
5931, 5935 and Posthole 5939 were broadly circular in plan and appear to be
aligned broadly east/west, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were
identified. Posthole 5931 cut fill 5944 from ditch 5943.
5.57 Posthole 5909 contained a single fill 5910 and posthole 5915 contained a single fill
5916 with both comprising steep sides and a flat base. No finds were identified.
Postholes 5905, 5919, 5925, 5933 and posthole 5937 contained an unexcavated fill.
All appear to be aligned broadly east/west. No finds were identified
5.58 Ditch 5941 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and contained unexcavated fill
5942. Ditch 5943 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and contained
unexcavated fill 5944. No finds were identified. Ditch 5941 is parallel with ditch 5943
located further east within the trench. Based on the morphology and fill
characteristics, ditches 5941 and 5943 are likely to represent a double ditch field
boundary dating to the post-medieval period, similar to, and possibly contemporary
with the ditches found within Trench 58 and 55 located further north.
Trench 60 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.59 Trench 60 was located to the south within Field 3 and contained a single
archaeological feature; posthole 6003 was broadly circular in plan, comprised a
shallow profile with gradual to steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill
6004. No finds were identified.
© Cotswold Archaeology
23
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Field 4
Trench 29 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.60 Trench 29 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained two archaeological
features; posthole 2905 comprised steep sides, a flat base and contained a single fill
2906. Posthole 2903 contained an unexcavated fill. Both postholes were broadly
circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 29 also contained a land drain.
Trench 30 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.61 Trench 30 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained two archaeological
features; ditch 3003 and posthole 3005. Trench 30 also contained five land drains
and a treethrow.
5.62 Ditch 3003 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and a small assemblage of
13th to 15th century AD potsherds were recovered from the single fill 3004 can be
dated to the 13th to 15th century AD. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same
as ditch 3117 in Trench 31. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of
Ditch 3003, the feature is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the
medieval or post-medieval period, similar to the ditches found within Trenches 55,
56, 58 and 59 located within Field 3. Posthole 3005 was broadly circular in plan and
contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.
Trench 31 (Figures 2, 6 & 14) 5.63 Trench 31 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained eleven
archaeological features including two parallel lines of postholes; postholes 3103,
3105, 3107, 3109, 3111, 3113, 3115 and posthole 3119, ditch 3117, pit/ditch
terminus 3121 and 3123. Trench 31 also contained a land drain.
5.64 Posthole 3105 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3106.
Posthole 3109 comprised steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill
3110. Postholes 3103, 3107, 3111 and posthole 3115 contained an unexcavated fill
and no finds were identified. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan and
appear to be aligned broadly east/west.
© Cotswold Archaeology
24
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5.65 Postholes 3109 and 3113 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated
fill and no finds were identified. The postholes appear to be aligned broadly
east/west.
5.66 Ditch 3117 was broadly curvilinear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west,
comprised a U-shaped profile with a flat base and contained a single fill 3118. No
finds were identified. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 3003 in
Trench 30. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of ditch 3117, the
feature is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-
medieval period, similar to the ditches found within Trenches 55, 56, 58 and 59
located within Field 3.
5.67 Pit/ditch terminus 3121 was broadly oval in plan, comprised gradual sides, an
uneven base and contained a single fill 3122. No finds were identified. It is possible
the feature is likely to be the same as ditch 3003 in Trench 30.
5.68 Ditch 3123 was broadly curvilinear in plan, comprised a u-shaped profile and
contained a single fill 3124. Two fragments of horse bone (Equus callabas) were
recovered from the fill 3124. This species has been a commonly exploited domestic
animal since the Late Bronze Age.
Trench 32 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.69 Trench 32 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained a single
archaeological feature; posthole 3203 was broadly circular in plan, comprised steep
sides and a flat base, contained a single fill 3204 and no finds were identified.
Trench 32 also contained two land drains and a treethrow.
Trench 33 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.70 Trench 33 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained three
archaeological features; posthole 3303 and gullies 3305 and 3307. Trench 33 also
contained two land drains.
5.71 Posthole 3303 was broadly circular in plan, comprised steep sides and a flat base,
contained a single fill 3304 and no finds were identified.
© Cotswold Archaeology
25
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5.72 Gully 3305 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, contained a single
fill 3306 and no finds were identified. Gully 3305 is likely to be a field drain which
appears to be cut by gully 3307 located immediately south. Field drainage with a
similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 4.
5.73 Gully 3307 was linear in plan, orientated north-west/south-east, contained a single
fill 3308 and no finds were identified. Gully 3307 is likely to be a field drain which
appears to cut gully 3305 located immediately north. Field drainage with a similar
morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 4.
Trench 34 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.74 Trench 34 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained two archaeological
features; posthole 3403 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill
3404 and posthole 3405 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly
circular in plan. No finds were identified. Trench 34 also contained three land drains.
Trench 35 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.75 Trench 35 was located to the west within Field 4 and contained two archaeological
features; postholes 3503 and 3505 were broadly circular in plan, contained an
unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 35 also contained three land
drains.
Trench 36 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.76 Trench 36 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained two archaeological
features; postholes 3603 and 3605 were broadly circular in plan, contained an
unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 36 also contained two land
drains.
Trench 37 (Figures 2, 6 & 15) 5.77 Trench 37 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained thirteen archaeological
features to include four parallel lines of postholes; elongated postholes 3703, 3705,
3707, 3711, 3715, 3725, 3727 and postholes 3709, 3713, 3717, 3719, 3721 and
posthole 3723. Trench 37 also contained a land drain. A small assemblage of burnt
flint was recovered from topsoil 3700.
© Cotswold Archaeology
26
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5.78 Posthole 3709 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3710.
Postholes 3713 and 3717 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.
The postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be aligned east/west and may
be associated with postholes 3719, 3721 and 3723.
5.79 Posthole 3721 comprised a V-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3722.
Postholes 3719 and 3723 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.
The postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be aligned east/west and may
be associated with postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.
5.80 Elongated posthole 3705 comprised a U-shaped profile and contained a single fill
3706. Elongated postholes 3703 and 3707 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds
were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly similar in plan, appear to be
aligned east/west and may represent evidence for timber support posts associated
with postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.
5.81 Elongated posthole 3725 comprised a U-shaped profile with a flat base within which
an unidentified type of timber, timber 3729 was found. Fill 3726 was located above
Ttmber 3729 within elongated posthole 3725. Timber 3729 measured 0.92m in
length and up to 0.1m in diameter and extended along the length of the elongated
posthole. The timber was unworked but had been crudely sawn at either end of its
length. Several heavily corroded iron nails had been positioned vertically into the
ground immediately either side of the central area of the timber, to possibly fix the
wood into position within the elongated posthole. The timber is likely to represent a
base for a timber support. Elongated posthole 3727 contained an unexcavated fill.
No other finds were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly similar in plan,
appear to be aligned east/west and may represent evidence for timber support posts
associated with posthole 3719, 3721 and 3723.
5.82 Elongated posthole 3711 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill
3712. Elongated posthole 3715 located immediately to the east contained an
unexcavated fill. No finds were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly
similar in plan, appear to be aligned north/south and may represent evidence for
timber support posts associated with elongated postholes 3703, 3705 and 3707 and
Postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.
© Cotswold Archaeology
27
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench 38 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.83 Trench 38 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained twelve
archaeological features; postholes 3803, 3805, 3807, 3409 and wheel ruts 3811,
3813, 3815, 3817, 3819, 3821, 3823 and wheel rut 3825.
5.84 Posthole 3807 comprised gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 3808
and postholes 3803, 3805 and posthole 3809 contained an unexcavated fill. The
postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified.
5.85 Eight possible wheel ruts were identified; wheel ruts 3811, 3813, 3815, 3817, 3819,
3821, 3823 and wheel rut 3825. The wheel ruts were elongated and linear in plan,
measured between 0.2m and 0.23m in width and positioned on a north/south
alignment to the east within Trench 38. The features contained an unexcavated and
no finds were identified. Their location situated parallel to the existing east field
boundary within Field 4, suggests a possible medieval or post-medieval date for the
wheel rutting.
Trench 39 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.86 Trench 39 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained two archaeological
features; posthole 3903 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill
3904 and posthole 3905 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly
circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 39 also contained four land
drains.
Trench 40 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.87 Trench 40 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained two archaeological
features; postholes 4003 and 4005 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes
were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 40 also contained
four land drains.
Trench 41 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.88 Trench 41 was located to the west within Field 4 and contained four archaeological
features; posthole 4105 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill
4106 and postholes 4103, 4107 and posthole 4109 contained an unexcavated fill.
© Cotswold Archaeology
28
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 41
also contained two land drains.
Trench 42 (Figures 2 & 6)
5.89 Trench 42 was located to the south-west within Field 4 and contained five
archaeological features; postholes 4203, 4205, 4207, 4209 and posthole 4211.
Trench 42 also contained four land drains.
5.90 Posthole 4205 comprised gradual sides and a flat base and contained a single fill
4206 and posthole 4209 comprised gradual sides and an uneven base and
contained a single fill 4210. Postholes 4203, 4207 and posthole 4211 contained an
unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were
identified.
Trench 43 (Figures 2, 6 & 16) 5.91 Trench 43 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained six archaeological
features; postholes 4303, 4305, 4307, 4309, 4311 and posthole 4213. Trench 43
also contained two land drains.
5.92 Posthole 4311 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 4312 and
postholes 4303, 4305, 4307, 4309 and posthole 4313 contained an unexcavated fill.
The postholes were broadly square in plan and no finds were identified.
Trench 44 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.93 Trench 44 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained two archaeological
features; postholes 4403 and 4305 were broadly circular in plan, contained an
unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 44 also contained five land
drains.
Trench 45 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.94 Trench 45 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained three
archaeological features; postholes 4503 and 4507 and elongated posthole 4505
contained an unexcavated fill and no finds identified. Posthole 4503 and 4507 were
broadly circular in plan, and elongated posthole 4505 was similar in size, shape in
© Cotswold Archaeology
29
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
plan and orientation to examples found within Trench 37. Trench 45 also contained
five land drains.
Trench 46 (Figs 2 & 6) 5.95 Trench 46 was located to the south-east within Field 4 and contained a single
archaeological feature; posthole 4503 was broadly circular in plan, contained an
unexcavated fill and no finds identified. Trench 46 also contained two land drains.
Field 5
Trench 8 (Figures 2 & 7)
5.96 Trench 8 was located to the north within Field 5 and contained a single
archaeological feature; posthole 803 was broadly square in plan, comprised gradual
sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 804. No finds were identified. Trench 8
also contained a land drain.
Trench 20 (Figures 2 & 7)
5.97 Trench 20 was located to the north-west within Field 5 and contained a single
archaeological feature; ditch 2003 and a modern land drain 2005.
5.98 Ditch 2003 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north-east/south-west, comprised
gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 2004. No finds were identified.
Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditch 2003 is likely to represent a
field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is
broadly parallel with the ditches found within Trenches 26, 27 and 28.
Trench 24 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.99 Trench 24 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained two
archaeological features; posthole 2403 and elongated posthole 2405, both
contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Posthole 2403 was
broadly circular in plan and elongated posthole 2405 was similar in size and shape
in plan to similar examples found in Trench 37 and 45. Trench 24 also contained a
land drain.
© Cotswold Archaeology
30
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench 26 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.100 Trench 26 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained a single
archaeological feature; ditch 2603 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-
west, comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 2604. It is possible the
ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2703 in Trench 27 and ditch 2807 in Trench
28. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of ditch 2603, the feature is
likely to represent the remains of a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or
post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned parallel with the existing southern field
boundary located further north-east within Field 5. Trench 26 also contained two
land drains.
Trench 27 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.101 Trench 27 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained a single
archaeological feature; ditch 2703 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-
west, comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 2604. No finds were
identified. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2603 in Trench 26
and ditch 2807 in Trench 28. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of
ditch 2703, the feature is likely to represent the remains of a field boundary ditch
dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned parallel with the
existing southern field boundary located further north-east within Field 5. Trench 27
also contained a land drain.
Trench 28 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.102 Trench 28 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained three
archaeological features; gullies 2803 and 2805 and ditch 2807. Trench 28 also
contained a land drain.
5.103 Gullies 2803 and 2805 were linear in plan, comprised u-shaped profiles and no finds
were identified. Gully 2803 and 2805 are likely to be land drains. Other land drains
with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field
5.
5.103 Ditch 2807 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, contained a single
fill 2808 and no finds were identified. The ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2603
in Trench 26 and ditch 2703 in Trench 27. Based on the morphology and fill
characteristics of ditch 2807, the feature is likely to represent the remains of a field
© Cotswold Archaeology
31
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned
parallel with the existing southern field boundary located further north-east within
Field 5.
6. THE FINDS
6.1 Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Table 3, Appendix B
and discussed further below.
Pottery
6.2 A total of 17 sherds (137g) of pottery was recovered by hand and by bulk soil sample
from six deposits (Appendix B). Twelve sherds (34g) of pottery dating to the late
prehistoric period were recorded from pit 9003 (fill 9004) and 9803 (fill 9804). The
unfeatured bodysherds occur in handmade, coarse and finer flint-tempered fabrics,
with three sherds (1g) in a handmade probably organic-tempered fabric. In the
absence of featured (rim or decorated) sherds, closing dating for this material cannot
be asserted with confidence. The variable coarseness of the flint-tempered fabrics
and the possible use of burnish with one sherd from pit 9803 (fill 9804) are possible
indicators of a Late Bronze Age date.
6.3 Two joining rimsherds (70g), dating to the later medieval period were recorded from
ditch 3003 (fill 3004). The fabric is a wheel-thrown, sandy oxidised fabric (probably
‘Newbury C’ type) with decayed glaze spots to its’ rim. This form is a jar with tall
everted rim and an expanded (T-shaped) rim top.
6.4 A total of three sherds (33g) of pottery dating to the post-medieval/modern periods
were recorded from three deposits. Abraded sherds in a clear glazed earthenware
fabric were recorded from topsoil deposits 9300 and 9500, dateable from the mid-
16th to 18th centuries. One sherd (1g) of transfer-printed refined white ware,
probably dating after c.1800, was recorded form topsoil deposit 9800.
Other finds
6.5 A total of eight items of iron were recorded from five deposits. Iron nails, of flat-
headed form for which only broad dating is applicable were recorded from posthole
3725 (fill 3726) and topsoil 9700. A joiner’s staple is recorded from posthole 8709
(fill 8710), of a form used in both the Roman and medieval periods. A fitting,
© Cotswold Archaeology
32
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
probably from a gate or similar and of likely modern dating was recorded from
topsoil 9500. Three rod fragments of uncertain form, function and date were
recorded from posthole 3725 (fill 3726).
6.6 A total of six items of prehistoric worked flint (109g) and 24 of burnt flint (497g) was
recorded from four deposits. Flakes on a mid-grey brown flint with thinned cortex,
suggestive of a gravels origin, were recorded from pit 9003 (fill 9004) and 9803 (fill
9304), treethrow 9705 (fill 9706). A flake core fragment (43g) in a similar grey brown
flint was recorded from posthole 3983 (fill 9804). None of the recovered material is
closely dateable.
6.7 A total of five fragments (180g) of ceramic building material (CBM) was recorded
from four deposits. This small group comprises one fragment of flat roof tile dating to
the post-medieval period was recorded from 9303 (fill 9304) and four miscellaneous
fragments dating from the medieval to post-medieval period based on the fabric and
thickness.
7. THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE
Bulk Sample
7.1 A single sample (eight litres of soil) was processed from posthole 9003 within trench
90 to evaluate the preservation of palaeoenvironmental remains in the area and with
the intention of recovering environmental evidence of industrial or domestic activity
on the site. The samples were processed by standard flotation procedures (CA
Technical Manual No. 2).
7.2 Preliminary identifications of plant macrofossils are noted in Table 4 (Appendix C),
following nomenclature of Stace (1997).
7.3 The flot was of moderate size with c. 50% rooty material and modern seeds. The
charred material comprised various levels of preservation.
Trench 90
7.4 The small charred plant assemblage recovered from fill 9004 (sample 1000) within
pit 9003 included a fragment of sloe (Prunus spinosa) stone. The moderately high
© Cotswold Archaeology
33
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
number of charcoal fragments greater than 2mm included round and mature wood
fragments.
7.5 This assemblage may represent a dump of hearth material and is indicative of some
settlement activity in the vicinity. The feature is undated and the environmental
assemblage gives no clear indication of date. It could be Bronze Age but would also
be compatible with an earlier or later date.
Animal Bone
7.6 Animal bones amounting to 151 fragments (233g) were recovered from site. The
material was highly fragmented and very poorly preserved, rendering 98% of the
bone unidentifiable to species. However, it was possible to identify two fragments
(69g) of horse bone (Equus callabas) recovered from the fill 3124 of undated ditch
3123. This species has been a commonly exploited domestic animal since the Late
Bronze Age (Baker and Worley, 2014), but due to the absence of dating evidence
coupled with the low recovery, no further inference can be drawn beyond species
identification. Preliminary identifications of the animal bone are noted in Table 5
(Appendix C).
8. DISCUSSION
8.1 Archaeological features (of predominantly post-medieval/modern date) were
identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63,
64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95
to 99 within Field 2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within
Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5 (see Figures 2-7).
Late Prehistoric
8.2 Within Field 2, a small pit 9003 was identified within Trench 90 containing a small
assemblage of charcoal and a pit or ditch terminus 9803 containing a small
assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was identified within Trench 98. The
potsherds are thought to date to the Bronze Age period. Both pits are isolated
examples and are likely to be indicative of temporary settlement activity dating to the
this late prehistoric period; excavation of treethrow 9705 also revealed further
evidence of late prehistoric activity with the discovery of burnt flint and a flint flake. A
© Cotswold Archaeology
34
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
similar isolated pit 9203 was also identified within Trench 92 but was undated (see
Figures 2, 4, 10 & 11).
Medieval/Post-medieval
8.3 Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a
series of three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west; ditches
9703 and 9707 within Trenches 97 and ditches 9903 and 9905 within Trench 99.
Based on their morphology and fill characteristics the ditches are likely to represent
shallow furrows typical of historic farming practices dating to the medieval period
(Eyre, 1955), (see Figures 2 & 4).
8.4 Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field boundary
network and orientated north/south is likely to be associated with historic field
boundaries dating to the medieval, post-medieval and modern periods (Aston,
1985). Dating evidence was not identified but a fired clay ceramic drainage pipe,
showing no evidence of a re-cut, was found at the base of a ditch in Trench 55. A
continuation of this ditch was found within Trenches 58 and 59 further southwards
within the field. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was found within
Trenches 20, 26 to 28 in Field 5. Trenches 30 and 31 within Field 4 are likely to
represent a possible trackway of similar date flanked by a ditch either side. Ditch
3003 located in Trench 30 for example contained potsherds that can be dated to the
13th to 15th century AD (see Figures 2, 5-7, 12 & 13).
8.5 Trench 38 in Field 4 contained an extensive series of north/south orientated wheel
ruts. Although these features were not excavated and no finds recovered, their
location situated parallel to the existing eastern field boundary suggests a possible
medieval or post-medieval date for the wheel rutting (see Figures 2 & 6).
Modern (World War II)
8.6 One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench
evaluation within Field 1-5; shape in plan variations was observed, with square cut
postholes found within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes found
within Fields 2, 3, 4 and 5. All the postholes comprised shallow cut profiles within
the natural geological horizon. Post-medieval potsherds and fragments of CBM
(ceramic building material) were recovered from several examples and are likely to
be residual. Based on their intermittent positioning and projected alignments,
© Cotswold Archaeology
35
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
morphology and fill characteristics, the postholes may form part of an extensive
network of Second World War temporary timber structures known as tactical
obstacles to include barbed wire entanglements and tank proof obstacles erected
during important anti-invasion defence works (Foot, 2006), (see Figures 2-9 & 13-
16).
Field 1
8.7 Field 1 contained forty-one modern postholes. The postholes appear to form a
chequered board effect in plan across Field 1 suggesting the postholes are likely to
represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire
entanglements; an alignment of north-east/south-west postholes can be seen within
Trench 66 and Trench 69, with a possible continuation of postholes on a broadly
similar alignment within Trenches 73 and 74. Postholes in Trench 70 are positioned
on an east/west alignment similar to postholes identified within Trenches 73 and 75.
A similar east/west alignment of postholes was found within Trenches 64 to 66 (see
Figures 2 & 3).
Field 2
8.8 Field 2 contained twenty-one modern postholes. The postholes found are likely to
represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire
entanglements; postholes in Trench 87 appear to be aligned with posthole 8509 in
Trench 85. Postholes found within Trenches 84, 93, 95 and 96 appear to be
intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable pattern formed (see Figures 2 & 4).
Field 3
8.9 Field 3 contained thirty-four modern postholes and are likely to represent evidence
for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire entanglements and a possible
tank proof obstacle; Postholes in Trench 51 appear to be on an east/west alignment
similar to the postholes found within Trench 54 running across the centre of Field 3
forming a possible central defensive line. Postholes found within Trenches 48, 50,
52, 53, 55 and 60 appear to be intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable
pattern formed and it is likely that these postholes form barbed wire entanglements.
Two parallel posthole alignments orientated east/west within Trench 59 may
suggest evidence for the remains of a substantial defensive wartime military timber
structure consisting of barbed wire entanglements or a Tank Proof Obstacle (HMSO,
1936), (see Figures 2, 5, 8 & 9, 13-16).
© Cotswold Archaeology
36
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Field 4
8.10 Field 4 contained sixty-two broadly circular and elongated modern postholes. The
postholes found are likely to represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to
form barbed wire entanglements and possible tank proof obstacles; Postholes in
Trench 31 appear to be aligned broadly east/west with possibly another posthole
alignment located immediately to the south within the trench similar to those found
within Trench 59 in Field 3. A similar east/west alignment of postholes can be found
within Trenches 34 and 38 and further south within Trenches 40 and 41 and
Trench 43. It is possible the posthole alignments form a series of east/west
orientated defensive lines. Postholes found within Trenches 29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 39,
42, 44, 45 and 46 appear to be intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable
pattern formed (see Figures 2, 6, 8 & 9, 13-16).
8.11 Postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717 appear to be aligned broadly east/west. Postholes
3719, 3721 and 3723 possibly form another alignment located immediately to the
south but centrally within the trench similar to postholes found within Trench 31
within Field 4 and Trench 59 within Field 3. However, located to the north and
south within Trench 37 an alignment of elongated postholes were found situated
either side of the two more centrally positioned posthole alignments. The elongated
postholes were broadly similar in plan, appear to be also aligned east/west and may
represent evidence for a series of 450 degree angled timbers acting as props to
support the two alignments of centrally located postholes. Excavation of one the
southern elongated postholes revealed timber 3729 which measured 0.92m in
length and up to 0.1m in diameter and extended along the length of elongated
posthole 3725. The timber was unworked but had been sawn at either end of its
length. Several heavily corroded iron nails had been positioned vertically into the
ground immediately either side of the central area of the timber to possibly fix the
wood into position within the elongated posthole. The timber is likely to represent a
base for a 450 degree angled timber support or repair. The features found within
Trench 37 are located centrally within Field 4 and likely to represent the remains of
an east/west orientated and extensive defensive position such as a timber
constructed Tank Proof Obstacle (HMSO, 1936) (see Figures 2, 6, 8 & 9, 13-16).
Field 5
8.12 Field 5 contained three isolated but modern postholes. The postholes found within
Trenches 8 and 24 were either circular, broadly square or elongated in plan. The
postholes found are likely to represent tentative evidence for a series of supporting
© Cotswold Archaeology
37
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
posts to form barbed wire entanglements, a continuation of those found within
Fields 1, 2, 3 and 4 (see Figures 2 & 7).
Conclusion
8.13 The postholes found within Fields 2 and 5 were less common in number than the
postholes found within Field 1, 3 and 4. This may be due to modern historic farming
methods such as deep ploughing. This intrusive deep ploughing technique was
considered a sufficient obstacle in 1940 during anti-invasion defence works and may
explain the shallow truncated nature of the late prehistoric features found within
Field 2 (Foot, 2006, 11). If we can assume the postholes are associated with an
extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles within a prepared
battlefield it is unlikely that these were constructed to prevent aircraft landing such
as glider traps. This type of defence was utilised in open areas with a straight line
length comprising of 500 yards (c. 457m) or more. The fields at the Site are much
smaller in size measuring approximately 250m in length and 100m in width, much
smaller than the specified aircraft landing requirement (ibid 10). For this reason the
postholes found are much more likely to represent a structure forming temporary
defensive works such as barbed wire entanglements.
8.14 A substantial drainage ditch measuring approximately 3m wide and a depth of
approximately 1.5m was identified during the trial trench evaluation. The ditch was
located immediately south of Trench 59 within Field 3 following the northern
boundary of the east/west extant of wooded copse. The ditch although undated may
well have been utilised as a natural defence in conjunction with the wooded
environment located mostly to the west and south-west of the Site and the possible
temporary defensive network (suggested by the density of postholes) discovered
during the trial trench evaluation. These may well have been linked together into
defensive perimeters used to disrupt/slow down any enemy troop advances on the
ground. The defences, either man made or natural, were situated within one of the
most heavily defended areas in the country during the Second World War, located
between the southern end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge
and to the north of the Area Defence associated with a heavily defended army camp
north of Ewshot (ADS online). The postholes found during the trial trench evaluation
and the two pillboxes recorded during building recording at the Site (CA, 2016b) will
contribute further to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of
Britain in 1940.
© Cotswold Archaeology
38
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
9. CA PROJECT TEAM
Fieldwork was undertaken by CA Project Officer Matt Nichol, assisted by CA site
personnel, Steve Bush, Natasha Djukic, Stephanie Duensing, Jack Marten-Jones,
Emily Spicer, Keighley Wasenczuk and Joe Whelan. The report was written by Matt
Nichol. The illustrations were prepared by CA illustrator Lesley Davidson. The
archive has been compiled and prepared for deposition by CA Archaeologist Adam
Howard. The project was managed for CA by CA manager Richard Greatorex, who
also edited this report.
10. REFERENCES
ADS (Archaeological Data Service) (no date) Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area
51). Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue//adsdata/arch-455-
1/dissemination/pdf/Text_Reports/DA51_TEXT_-_CHEQUERS_BRIDGE.pdf
Accessed 12 July 2016
Aston, M. 1985 Interpreting the Landscape: Landscape Archaeology and Local History.
London: Routledge
Baker, P. and Worley, F. 2014 Animal bones and archaeology: Guidelines for best
practice Swindon, English Heritage
BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer
http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Accessed 24 June 2016
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016a Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,
Hampshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Investigation
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016b Pillbox WA65 & WA85, Land at Watery Lane,
Church Crookham, Hampshire: Historic Building Recording
DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy
Framework
Eyre, S R. 1955 The Curving Plough-strip and its Historical Implications. Agricultural History
Review: Volume 3, Number 2, pp 80-94
© Cotswold Archaeology
39
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Foot, W. 2006 Beaches, fields, streets, and hills: the anti-invasion landscapes of England,
1940. York: CBA Research Report 144
HMSO 1936 Manual of Field Engineering (Royal Engineers), Volume II. London: His
Majesty’s Stationary Office
Stace, C 1997 New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Books
WA (Wessex Archaeology) 2014 Albany Park, Church Crookham, Hampshire –
Archaeological Desk Based Assessment (Client Report)
© Cotswold Archaeology
40
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS
Field
Trench
Context
Type
Fill of
Context
Context Description
Length (m)
Width (m)
Depth/ thickness (m)
Spot-date
5 1 100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.6 >2 0.31 Modern
5 1 101 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.6 >2 0.17
5 1 102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.6 >2 >0.03
5 2 200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.2 >2 0.3 Modern
5 2 201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.2 >2 0.1
5 2 202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint
>31.2 >2 >0.08
5 3 300 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>30.5 >2 0.3 Modern
5 3 301 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>30.5 >2 0.08
5 3 302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint
>30.5 >2 >0.03
5 4 400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.2 >2 0.35m Modern
5 4 401 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.2 >2 0.12
5 4 402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint
>31.2 >2 >0.1
5 5 500 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.5 >2 0.3 Modern
5 5 501 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.5 >2 0.1
5 5 502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint
>31.5 >2 >0.06
5 6 600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy
>31.6 >2 0.3 Modern
© Cotswold Archaeology
41
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
clay, friable with occ. natural flint
5 6 601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>31.6 >2 0.1
5 6 602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint
>31.6 >2 >0.03
5 7 700 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint
>30.2 >2 0.34 Modern
5 7 701 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm,
>30.2 >2 0.11
5 7 702 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint at >3cm
>30.2 >2 >0.03
5 8 800 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable
>31.2 >2 0.4 Modern
5 8 801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable
>31.2 >2 0.06
5 8 802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm
>31.5 >2 >0.05
5 8 803 Cut - Posthole oval in plan with rounded, concave sides and a flat base
0.36 0.28 0.07
5 8 804 Fill 803 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, no inclusions
0.36 0.28 0.07
5 9 900 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable
>31.4 >2 0.28 Modern
5 9 901 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable
>31.4 >2 0.17
5 9 902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable
>31.4 >2 >0.06
5 9 903 Cut - Hedgerow Irregular linear feature
0.4 2.5
5 9 904 Fill 903 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silty, compact and firm, no inclusions
0.4 2.5
5 10 1000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, no inclusions, friable
>31.5 >2 0.3 Modern
5 10 1001 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural
>31.5 >2 0.1
© Cotswold Archaeology
42
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
flint >2cm, friable
5 10 1002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm
>31.5 >2 0.13
5 11 1100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable
>31.4 >2 0.2 Modern
5 11 1101 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable
>31.4 >2 0.2
5 11 1102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm, soft
>31.4 >2 0.1
5 12 1200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable
>30.6 >2 0.28 Modern
5 12 1201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable
>30.6 >2 0.17
5 12 1202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint at >3cm
>30.6 >2 >0.02
5 13 1300 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown, sandy silty, loose
>30.2 >2 0.3 Modern
5 13 1301 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silty, compact and firm, moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (≤0.5cm)
>30.2 >2 0.25
5 13 1302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay, compact and firm, moderate amount of sub rounded stone (≤50mm)
>30.2 >2 0.07
5 14 1400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey, sandy silty, loose, 10% sub rounded stone inclusions (≤0.03x0.03m), signs of rooting throughout
>29.7 >1.8 0.24 Modern
5 14 1401 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey, sandy silty, loose, 5% sub-angular stone inclusions (≤0.03x0.03) signs of rooting
>29.7 >1.8 0.19
© Cotswold Archaeology
43
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5 14 1402 Layer - Natural Light greyish brown, sandy clay, patches of mid greyish brown gravel deposits (sandy clay)
>29.7 >1.8 >0.05
5 15 1500 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown, silty sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting
>30 >2 0.27 Modern
5 15 1501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting
>30 >2 0.18
5 15 1502 Layer - Natural Mid brown, mottled orange, grey brown, sandy clay, friable, occasional natural flint inclusions
>30 >2 0.11
5 16 1600 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown, silty sand, friable,rooting
>31 >2 0.25 Modern
5 16 1601 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting
>31 >2 0.25
5 16 1602 Layer - Natural Mid brown, mottled orange, grey brown, sandy clay, friable, occasional natural flint inclusions
>31 >2 >0.1
5 17 1700 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown, silty sand, friable, rooting
>29 >2 0.23 Modern
5 17 1701 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting
>29 >2 0.23
5 17 1702 Layer - Natural Mid brown, mottled orange, grey brown, sandy clay, friable, occasional natural flint inclusions
>29 >2 0.11
5 18 1800 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, sandy silt, friable, <5% common natural flint up to 2cm, high humic content, lots of rooting disturbance
>28 >2 0.26 Modern
5 18 1801 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt,
>28 >2 0.18
© Cotswold Archaeology
44
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
friable
5 18 1802 Layer - Natural Mid orange grey, yellow, mottled sandy clay, friable, 10% natural flint inclusions ≤8cm
>28 >2 >14
5 19 1900 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, sandy silt, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content
>31 >2 0.26 Modern
5 19 1901 Layer - Subsoil Light yellow brown, silty sand, friable, some rooting disturbance. <1% natural gravel
>31 >2 0.25
5 19 1902 Layer - Natural Light yellow orange grey, mottled sandy clay, friable, 20% natural flint inclusions up to 5cm
>31 >2 >0.08
5 20 2000 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, sandy silt, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content
>30 >2 0.28 Modern
5 20 2001 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown, silty sand, friable, some rooting disturbance, <1% natural flint gravel
>30 >2 0.18
5 20 2002 Layer - Natural Light yellowish orange grey mottling, sandy clay, friable, 20% flint inclusions ≤5cm
>30 >2 0.1
5 20 2003 Cut - Field Drain Linear feature running NE-SW, gently sloping sides with a flat base
>2 1.04 0.31
5 20 2004 Fill 2003 Fill Dark grey with rust orange mottling, sandy clay, friable. No inclusions
>2 1.04 0.31
5 20 2005 Cut - Land drain linear feature running NE-SW, near vertical sides with a flat base
>2 0.27 0.13
5 20 2006 Fill 2005 Fill Dark grey, sandy clay, friable. No inclusions
>2 0.27 0.13
5 21 2100 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey, silty sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content, <1% flint up to 2cm
>32 >2 0.25 Modern
© Cotswold Archaeology
45
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5 21 2101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting
>32 >2 0.23
5 21 2102 Layer - Natural Mottled orange grey, brown, orangey clay with occasional natural flint inclusions up to 5cm
>32 >2 >0.09
5 22 2200 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey, silty sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content, <1% flint up to 2cm
>27 >2 0.23 Modern
5 22 2201 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting
>27 >2 0.31
5 22 2202 Layer - Natural Mottled orange grey, brown, orangey clay with occasional natural flint inclusions up to 5cm
>27 >2 >0.08
5 23 2300 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey, silty sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content, <1% flint up to 2cm
>30 >2 0.22 Modern
5 23 2301 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting
>30 >2 0.2
5 23 2302 Layer - Natural Mottled orange grey, brown, orangey clay with occasional natural flint inclusions up to 5cm
>30 >2 0.16
5 24 2400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, clayey silt, friable, no inclusions
>31.5 >2 0.3 Modern
5 24 2401 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, clayey sand, friable, <1% stone inclusions
>31.5 >2 0.26
5 24 2402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown with streaks of light yellowish grey and mid brown, silty sand, friable
>31.5 >2 >0.07
5 24 2403 Cut - Posthole Sub-square shape in plan, unexcavated
0.4 0.42 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
46
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
5 24 2404 Fill 2403 Fill Light brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, no inclusions
0.4 0.42 unknown
5 24 2405 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval shape, unexcavated
1.1 0.4 unknown
5 24 2406 Fill 2405 Fill Light brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, no inclusions
1.1 0.4 unknown
5 25 2500 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown, sandy silt, loose
>29.5 >2 0.29 Modern
5 25 2501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable but firm, sparse amount of sub rounded stone (≤40mm) throughout
>29.5 >2 0.25
5 25 2502 Layer - Natural Light yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact and firm
>29.5 >2 >0.06
5 25 2600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, no visible inclusions, friable
>32.2 >2 0.3 Modern
5 26 2601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable
>32.2 >2 0.17
5 26 2602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint <3cm, soft
>32.2 >2 >0.04
5 26 2603 Cut - Ditch Linear feature running SW-NE, roughly symmetrical, moderately sloping sides and a rounded base
>9 0.66 0.24
5 26 2604 Fill - Fill Mid grey, sandy clay, friable, no inclusions
>9 0.66 0.24
5 27 2700 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown, sandy silt, loose
>28.1 >2 0.31 Modern
5 27 2701 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable but firm, sparse amount of sub rounded stone (≤40mm) throughout
>28.1 >2 0.26
5 27 2702 Layer - Natural Light yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale whitish grey silty sand, compact and grim, moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (≤50mm)
>28.1 >2 0.04
© Cotswold Archaeology
47
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
throughout
5 27 2703 Cut - Ditch Linear ditch with parallel sides, moderately sloping, straight sides with a gradual break of slope at the base which is sub-rounded, running NE-SW
>2.1 0.76 0.13
5 27 2704 Fill 2703 Fill Mid brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, and soft, moderate amount of sub-rounded stone
>2.1 0.76 0.13
5 28 2800 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey, clayey silt, friable, no inclusions
>29.4 >2 0.24 Modern
5 28 2801 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable, <1% stone inclusions
>29.4 o 0.18
5 28 2802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown with streaks of light yellowish grey and mid brown, silty sand, friable
>29.4 >2 >0.13
5 28 2803 Cut - Gully/Land Drain
linear ditch with symmetrical, moderately sloping sides running N-S, with a sub rounded base
>2.8 0.67 0.19 Modern
5 28 2904 Fill 2803 Fill Mid-dark brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 5% sub-rounded stones
>2.8 0.67 0.19
5 28 2805 Cut - Gully/Land Drain
linear ditch with symmetrical, moderately sloping sides running N-S, with a sub rounded base
>2.8 0.64 0.2 Modern
5 28 2806 Fill - Fill Mid-dark brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 5% sub-rounded stones
>2.8 0.64 0.2
4 29 2900 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable
>32 >2 0.4 Modern
4 29 2901 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable
>32 >2 0.12
© Cotswold Archaeology
48
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
4 29 2902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 1% natural flint >300mm
>32 >2 >0.05
4 29 2903 Cut - Posthole Cut of slightly irregular circular post-hole
0.47 0.37 unknown
4 29 2904 Fill 2903 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, no inclusions
0.47 0.37 unknown
4 29 2905 Cut - Posthole Square in plan, squared sides, rounded sides with a distinct break of slope at the base with a flat base
0.27 0.27 0.07
4 29 2906 Fill 2905 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, friable/soft, no inclusions
0.27 0.27 0.07
4 30 3000 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark greyish brown, sandy silt, loose
>30.3 >2 0.26 Modern
4 30 3001 Layer - Subsoil Mid-light greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout
>30.3 >2 0.29
4 30 3002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey pebbles, compact and moist, moderate amount of sub-rounded stones (≤60mm) throughout
>30.3 >2 >0.04
4 30 3003 Cut - Ditch linear ditch running N-S, sides have a very gradual slope with a concave almost flat slope
>4.7 0.76 0.12
4 30 3004 Fill 3003 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable, common sub-rounded and sub-angular flint
>4.7 0.76 0.12
4 30 3005 Cut - Posthole Circular in plan, sub-rounded corners
0.29 0.29 unknown
4 30 3006 Fill 3005 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt which is friable and soft unexcavated
0.29 0.29 unknown
4 31 3100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable
>31 >2 0.35 Modern
4 31 3101 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural
>31 >2 0.11
© Cotswold Archaeology
49
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
flint >2cm, friable
4 31 3102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable
>31 >2 >0.05
4 31 3103 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, unexcavated
0.36 0.36 unknown
4 31 3104 Fill 3103 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions
0.36 0.36 unknown
4 31 3105 Cut - Posthole oval in plan with rounded, concave sides and a flat base
0.34 0.31 0.07
4 31 3106 Fill 3105 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, 1% natural flint <30mm
0.34 0.31 0.07
4 31 3107 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, unexcavated
0.3 0.3 unknown
4 31 3108 Fill 3107 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions
0.3 0.3 unknown
4 31 3109 Cut - Posthole Square in plan with concave sides and a flat base
0.34 0.3 0.08
4 31 3110 Fill 3109 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, 1% natural flint <30mm
0.34 0.3 0.08
4 31 3111 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, unexcavated
0.28 0.28 unknown
4 31 3112 Fill 3111 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions
0.28 0.28 unknown
4 31 3113 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, unexcavated
0.6 0.4 unknown
4 31 3114 Fill 3113 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions
0.6 0.4 unknown
4 31 3115 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, unexcavated
0.38 0.26 unknown
4 31 3116 Fill 3115 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions
0.38 0.26 unknown
4 31 3117 Cut - Ditch Slightly curved linear running NE-SW, shallow gradually sloping sides and a flat base
>2 0.97 0.22
4 31 3118 Fill 3117 Fill Light grey brown with orange and grey mottling, clayey sand, friable, no inclusions
>2 0.97 0.22
4 31 3119 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, unexcavated
0.4 0.4 unknown
4 31 3120 Fill 3119 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay,
0.4 0.4 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
50
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
soft, no inclusions
4 31 3121 Cut - Pit/Ditch Terminus
Oval in plan with rounded corners with a rounded concave sides and a flat base
0.63 0.4 0.23
4 31 3122 Fill 3121 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, friable, 1% natural flint (>200mm)
0.63 0.4 0.23
4 31 3123 Cut - Ditch Linear ditch with a gentle sides and a flat base
>2.5 0.59 0.18
4 31 3124 Fill 3123 Fill Mid grey brown with occasional rust orange mottling, sandy clay, friable, 5% natural iron
>2.5 0.59 0.18
4 32 3200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable
>31 >2 0.4 Modern
4 32 3201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint (>200mm) friable
>31 >2 0.1
4 32 3202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint (>300mm), soft
>31 >2 0.1
4 32 3203 Cut - Posthole Square in plan with concave sides and a flat base
0.34 0.26 0.07
4 32 3204 Fill 3203 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, friable, no inclusions
0.34 0.26 0.07
4 33 3300 Layer - Topsoil Moderate greyish brown, sandy silt, loose
>30 >2 0.25 Modern
4 33 3301 Layer - Subsoil Mid-light greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout
>30 >2 0.29
4 33 3302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay, with pale bluish grey patches, compact and moist, moderate amount of stone (<600mm) throughout
>30 >2 >0.06
4 33 3303 Cut - Posthole Rounded rectangle in plan, very steep, near vertical sides, flat base
0.27 0.27 0.1
© Cotswold Archaeology
51
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
4 33 3304 Fill 3303 Fill Mid-light greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout
0.27 0.27 0.1
4 33 3305 Cut - Gully/Land Drain
Linear running NE-SW with parallel sides, moderately sloping straight sides with gradual breaks of slope. Sub-rounded base
>3 0.5 0.12 Modern
4 33 3306 Fill 3305 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, loose and soft, moderate amount of sub-rounded stones (≤40mm).
>3 0.5 0.12
4 33 3307 Cut - Gully/Land Drain
Linear with parallel sides, with moderately sloping straight sides with a flat base
>3 0.3 0.09 Modern
4 33 3308 Fill 3307 Fill Dark greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, moderate amount of sub-rounded stones (≤400mm) sparse amount of charcoal flecks (≤10mm)
>3 0.3 0.09
4 33 3309 Cut - Posthole Rounded rectangle in plan, very steep, near vertical sides, flat base
0.6 0.4 unknown
4 33 3310 Fill 3309 Fill Mid-light greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout
0.6 0.4 unknown
4 33 3311 Cut - Posthole Oval with sub-rounded corners, moderately sloping, straight sides with a sharp break of slope at the base, base tapers to a point
0.26 0.24 0.09
4 33 3312 Fill 3311 Fill Dark greyish brown, sandy silt, loose and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (≤30mm)
0.26 0.24 0.09
4 34 3400 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey, clayey silt,
>30.2 >2 0.25 Modern
© Cotswold Archaeology
52
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
friable, <1% stone inclusions
4 34 3401 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 1% stone inclusions
>30.2 >2 0.27
4 34 3402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact, 5% sub-rounded stones
>30.2 >2 >0.07
4 34 3403 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan with sub-rounded corners, steep and straight sides with sharp breaks of slop, a tapered rounded base
0.49 0.34 0.16
4 34 3404 Fill 3403 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and moist, sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (≤30mm) throughout
0.49 0.34 0.16
4 34 3405 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, not excavated
0.39 0.32 unknown
4 34 3406 Fill 3405 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable
0.39 0.32 unknown
4 35 3500 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey, clayey silt, friable, <1% stone inclusions
>31.7 >2 0.31 Modern
4 35 3501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 1% stone inclusions
>31.7 >2 0.25
4 35 3502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact, 5% sub-rounded stones
>31.7 >2 0.04
4 35 3503 Cut - Posthole Circular post hole, unexcavated
0.39 0.34 unknown
4 35 3504 Fill 3503 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty sand, loose
0.39 0.34 unknown
4 35 3505 cut - Posthole Circular post hole, unexcavated
0.34 0.37 unknown
4 35 3506 Fill 3505 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty sand, loose
0.34 0.37 unknown
4 36 3600 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown grey clay silt, friable
30.6 2 0.27 Modern
4 36 3601 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown sandy silt friable with rare stone inclusions
30.6 2 0.23
© Cotswold Archaeology
53
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
4 36 3602 Layer - Natural Mid yellow brown sandy clay with pale blue grey mottling, compact and moist, sub-rounded stone
30.6 2 0.03
4 36 3603 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole
0.33 0.31 unknown
4 36 3604 Fill 3603 Fill Mid grey brown silty sand friable
0.33 0.31 unknown
4 36 3605 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole
0.38 0.36 unknown
4 36 3606 Fill 3605 Fill Mid grey brown silty sand friable and soft, sparse charcoal inclusions
0.38 0.36 unknown
4 37 3700 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown grey clay silt, friable with rare stone inclusions
30.3 2 0.17 Modern
4 37 3701 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown sandy silt friable with rare stone inclusions
30.3 2 0.27
4 37 3702 Layer - Natural Mid yellow brown sandy clay with pale blue grey mottling, compact and moist, sub-rounded stone
30.3 2 0.07
4 37 3703 Cut - Pit Irregular oval pit 1.1 0.37 unknown
4 37 3704 Fill 3703 Fill Mid dark brown grey clay silt with rare sub-angular stone, friable
1.1 0.37 unknown
4 37 3705 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval linear
1.06 0.26 0.16
4 37 3706 Fill 3705 Fill Light grey brown silty sand, friable
1.06 0.26 0.16
4 37 3707 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval linear
0.96 0.4 unknown
4 37 3708 Fill 3707 Fill Mid grey brown clay silt, friable with rare stone inclusions
0.96 0.4 unknown
4 37 3709 Cut - Posthole Small oval posthole
0.52 0.39 0.24
4 37 3710 Fill 3709 Fill Mid brown grey silty sand, friable but firm, sub-angular stone
0.52 0.39 0.24
4 37 3711 Cut - Elongated Posthole
Sub oval, irregular ditch terminus
>0.95 0.38 0.33
4 37 3712 Fill 3711 Fill Light brown grey sandy silt, friable
>0.95 0.38 0.33
4 37 3713 Cut - Posthole Circular posthole 0.39 0.42 unknown
4 37 3714 Fill 3713 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, loose
0.39 0.42 unknown
4 37 3715 Cut - Elongated Posthole
Linear ditch terminus
0.61 0.47 unknown
4 37 3716 Fill 3715 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, loose
0.61 0.47 unknown
4 37 3717 Cut - Posthole Cut of small posthole
0.47 0.55 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
54
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
4 37 3718 Fill 3717 Fill Mid dark grey brown sandy silt
0.47 0.55 unknown
4 37 3719 Cut - Posthole Square cut of posthole
0.41 0.49 unknown
4 37 3720 Fill 3719 Fill Mid dark grey brown sandy silt
0.41 0.49 unknown
4 37 3721 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole
0.42 0.42 0.19
4 37 3722 Fill 3721 Fill Mid grey brown sandy silt, friable
0.42 0.42 0.19
4 37 3723 Cut - Posthole Circular posthole 0.23 0.21 unknown
4 37 3724 Fill 3723 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, friable
0.23 0.21 unknown
4 37 3725 Cut - Pit Elongated oval posthole
1.06 0.35 0.11 Modern
4 37 3726 Fill 3725 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, friable with rare stone inclusions
1.06 0.35 0.11 Modern
4 37 3727 Cut - Pit Elongated pit 0.82 0.27 unknown
4 37 3728 Fill 3727 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, friable
0.82 0.27 unknown
4 37 3729 Fill 3725 Timber Timber support on E-W alignment
0.92 0.1 0.07
4 38 3800 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown grey clay silt, friable
30.3 2 0.26 Modern
4 38 3801 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown grey sandy silt, friable with rare stone inclusions
30.3 2 0.24
4 38 3802 Layer - Natural Mid yellow brown sandy clay with pale blue grey mottling, compact and moist, sub-rounded stone
30.3 2 0.06
4 38 3803 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated
>0.29 0.33 unknown
4 38 3804 Fill 3803 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and soft sandy silt
>0.29 0.33 unknown
4 38 3805 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.33 0.3 unknown
4 38 3806 Fill 3805 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and soft sandy silt
0.33 0.3 unknown
4 38 3807 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, moderate and rounded sides to sub-rounded base
0.31 0.31 0.05
4 38 3808 Fill 3807 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.31 0.31 0.05
4 38 3809 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.33 0.3 unknown
4 38 3810 Fill 3809 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.25 0.23 unknown
4 38 3811 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 1.03 0.23 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
55
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
4 38 3812 Fill 3811 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
1.03 0.23 unknown
4 38 3813 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.19 unknown
4 38 3814 Fill 3813 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
>2 0.19 unknown
4 38 3815 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.22 unknown
4 38 3816 Fill 3815 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
>2 0.22 unknown
4 38 3817 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 0.57 0.21 unknown
4 38 3818 Fill 3817 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
0.57 0.21 unknown
4 38 3819 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 0.7 0.2 unknown
4 38 3820 Fill 3819 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
0.7 0.2 unknown
4 38 3821 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 0.55 0.23 unknown
4 38 3822 Fill 3821 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
0.55 0.23 unknown
4 38 3823 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.22 unknown
4 38 3824 Fill 3823 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
>2 0.22 unknown
4 38 3825 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.22 unknown
4 38 3826 Fill 3825 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
>2 0.22 unknown
4 39 3900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey clayey silt, friable
29.4 2 0.25 Modern
4 39 3901 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone
29.4 2 0.23
4 39 3902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches
29.4 2 0.04+
4 39 3903 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, tapered rounded base
0.37 0.36 0.1
4 39 3904 Fill 3903 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and moist sandy silt
0.37 0.36 0.1
4 39 3905 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, unexcavated
0.42 0.4 unknown
4 39 3906 Fill 3905 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and sandy silt
0.42 0.4 unknown
4 40 4000 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey loose clayey silt
31.1 2 0.22 Modern
4 40 4001 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone
31.1 2 0.18
4 40 4002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches
31.1 2 0.03+
© Cotswold Archaeology
56
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
4 40 4003 Cut - Posthole Oval shaped posthole, not excavated
0.33 0.28 unknown
4 40 4004 Fill 4003 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and soft sandy silt
0.33 0.28 unknown
4 40 4005 Cut - Posthole Oval shaped posthole, not excavated
0.35 0.29 unknown
4 40 4006 Fill 4005 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and soft sandy silt, charcoal flecks
0.35 0.29 unknown
4 41 4100 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey friable clayey silt, >1% stone
30.8 2 0.2 Modern
4 41 4101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey friable sandy silt, 1% stone throughout
30.8 2 0.19
4 41 4102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, moderate sub-rounded stone
30.8 2 0.05+
4 41 4103 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.32 0.29 unknown
4 41 4104 Fill 4103 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.32 0.29 unknown
4 41 4105 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular, tapered point
0.47 0.34 0.15
4 41 4106 Fill 4105 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.47 0.34 0.15
4 41 4107 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated
0.37 0.29 unknown
4 41 4108 Fill 4107 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.37 0.29 unknown
4 41 4109 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated
0.3 0.25 unknown
4 41 4110 Fill 4109 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.3 0.25 unknown
4 42 4200 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey loose clayey silt
30.4 2 0.18 Modern
4 42 4201 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone
30.4 2 0.17
4 42 4202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, moderate sub-rounded stone
30.4 2 0.06+
4 42 4203 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.29 0.28 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
57
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
unexcavated
4 42 4204 Fill 4203 Fill Mid dark greyish brown loose sandy silt, 20% charcoal
0.29 0.28 unknown
4 42 4205 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, regular gently sloping sides to rounded base
0.33 0.31 0.07
4 42 4206 Fill 4205 Fill Mid brownish grey with streaks of dark blackish grey friable sandy silt
0.33 0.31 0.07
4 42 4207 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.44 unknown
4 42 4208 Fill 4207 Fill Mid-dark brownish grey, 20-30% charcoal, friable sandy silt
0.5 0.44 unknown
4 42 4209 Cut - Posthole Slightly irregular circular feature, moderately sloping to irregular flat base
0.81 >0.6 0.14
4 42 4210 Fill 4209 Fill Mid brownish grey with streaks of light grey and dark greyish black, friable sandy silt, 20% charcoal
0.81 >0.6 0.14
4 42 4211 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.36 0.36 unknown
4 42 4212 Fill 4211 Fill Mid-dark brownish grey friable sandy silt 1% sub rounded stone, 10% charcoal
0.36 0.36 unknown
4 43 4300 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey loose clayey silt
32.5 2 0.21 Modern
4 43 4301 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone
32.5 2 0.18
4 43 4302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact sandy clay with pale bluish patches, moderate sub-rounded stone
32.5 2 0.03+
4 43 4303 Cut Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated
0.29 0.26 unknown
4 43 4304 Fill Fill Light greyish brown loose sandy silt
0.29 0.26 unknown
4 43 4305 Cut Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated
0.38 0.34 unknown
4 43 4306 Fill Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.38 0.34 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
58
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
4 43 4307 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.41 0.35 unknown
4 43 4308 Fill Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.41 0.35 unknown
4 43 4309 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.43 0.34 unknown
4 43 4310 Fill Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.43 0.34 unknown
4 43 4311 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular feature, steep and straight sides to tapered point
0.53 0.46 0.17
4 43 4312 Fill Fill Mid greyish brown with mid yellowish brown patches, loose and sandy silt
0.53 0.46 0.17
4 43 4313 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.43 0.39 unknown
4 43 4314 Fill Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.43 0.39 unknown
4 44 4400 Layer - Topsoil Mid- dark brownish grey loose clayey silt
30.2 2 0.21 Modern
4 44 4401 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone
30.2 2 0.18
4 44 4402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact sandy clay with pale bluish patches, 5-10% sub-rounded stone
30.2 2 0.05+
4 44 4403 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.32 0.29 unknown
4 44 4404 Fill 4403 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
0.32 0.29 Unknown
4 44 4405 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.36 0.34 unknown
4 44 4406 Fill 4405 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
0.36 0.34 unknown
4 45 4500 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey loose clayey silt
30 2 0.21 Modern
4 45 4501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone
30 2 0.16
4 45 4502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches
30 2 0.04+
4 45 4503 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated
0.4 0.35 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
59
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
4 45 4504 Fill 4503 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
0.4 0.35 Unknown
4 45 4505 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval cut of posthole, not excavated
1 0.3 unknown
4 45 4506 Fill 4505 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
1 0.3 unknown
4 45 4507 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated
0.41 0.34 unknown
4 45 4508 Fill 4507 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt
0.41 0.34 unknown
4 46 4600 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey loose clayey silt
30.1 2 0.23 Modern
4 46 4601 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone
30.1 2 0.18
4 46 4602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, moderate sub-rounded stone
30.1 2 0.04+
4 46 4603 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole, not excavated
0.3 0.3 unknown
4 46 4604 Fill 4603 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt
0.3 0.3 unknown
3 47 4700 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey silty sand, loose, rooting disturbance, humic
30 2 0.19 Modern
3 47 4701 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown with occ. orange mottling, friable, root disturbance.
30 2 0.19
3 47 4702 Layer - Natural Mid orange brown and grey brown sandy clay, 20% natural flint inclusions
30 2 0.01+
3 47 4703 Cut - Gully/land drain
Linear feature, land drain, not excavated
>2 0.35 unknown Modern
3 47 4704 Fill 4703 Fill Mid grey with orange mottling sandy clay, evidence of rapid deposition
>2 0.35 unknown
3 47 4705 Cut - Gully/land drain
Linear feature, land drain, not excavated
>2 0.44 unknown Modern
3 47 4706 Fill - Fill Mid grey with orange mottling sandy clay
>2 0.44 unknown
3 47 4707 Cut - Ditch NE-SW aligned linear, uneven sides to flat base.
>7 0.7 0.2
© Cotswold Archaeology
60
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
3 47 4708 Fill 4707 Fill Light grey brown with streaks of dark grey and orange mottling, friable silty clay. Rooting and <1% charcoal
>7 0.7 0.2
3 48 4800 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint
31.24 2 0.4 Modern
3 48 4801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint
31.24 2 0.15
3 48 4802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft silty clay, 5% natural flint
31.24 2 0.01+
3 48 4803 Cut - Posthole Square feature, sharp rounded concave sides with flat base
0.38 0.4 0.12
3 48 4804 Fill 4803 Fill Mid greyish brown soft silty clay, sterile
0.38 0.4 0.12
3 49 4900 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey silt sand, loose, rooting disturbance
30 2 0.19 Modern
3 49 4901 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown with occ. orange mottling, friable, root disturbance
30 2 0.21
3 49 4902 Layer - Natural Mid orange brown and grey brown sandy clay, 20% natural flint inclusions
30 2 0.07+
3 49 4903 Cut - Ditch NE-SW aligned linear, uneven sides to flat base. Not excavated
>2 0.7 unknown
3 49 4904 Fill 4903 Fill Light grey brown with streaks of dark grey and orange mottling, friable silty clay. Rooting and <1% charcoal
>2 0.7 unknown
3 50 5000 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey clayey silty, occ stone, friable
31.4 2 0.23 Modern
3 50 5001 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable silty sand
31.4 2 0.22
3 50 5002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish grey, grey and brown streaks, friable silty sand
31.4 2 0.14+
3 50 5003 Cut - Gully/land drain
Irregular linear, NW-SE aligned, irregular sides and base
>2.2 0.52 0.06 Modern
3 50 5004 Fill 5003 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and soft silty sand, sterile
>2.2 0.52 0.06
© Cotswold Archaeology
61
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
3 50 5005 Cut - Posthole Irregular oval shape, irregular moderately sloping sides, pitted base
>2.1 0.57 0.13
3 50 5006 Fill 5005 Fill Mid brownish grey friable and soft silty sand, 5% stone
>2.1 0.57 0.13
3 51 5100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt which is loose. 10% sub-angular flint
29.5 2 0.3 Modern
3 51 5101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey sandy silt which is loose. 5% sub-sub-angular gravel
29.5 2 0.25
3 51 5102 Layer - Natural Light yellowish greyish brown sandy clay which is compact
29.5 2 0.03+
3 51 5103 Cut - Posthole Circular. Moderate/steep sides. Angled base to the west, with concave breaks of slope
0.24 0.19 0.04
3 51 5104 Fill 5103 Fill Mid greyish brown sandy silt which is loose
0.24 0.19 0.04
3 51 5105 Cut - Hedgerow Parallel sides in plan, irregular base and sides. Sides are vertical - steep. NE-SW
>2.74 0.57 0.15 Modern
3 51 5106 Fill 5105 Fill Mid brownish grey sandy silt loose. 5% sub-sub-angular gravel
>2.74 0.57 0.15 Modern
3 51 5107 Cut - Posthole Oval. Possibly associated with [5103] and [5109]
0.41 0.38 unknown
3 51 5108 Fill 5107 Fill Mid greyish brown sandy silt which is friable
0.41 0.38 unknown
3 51 5109 Cut - Posthole Oval. Possibly associated with [5103] and [5109].
0.39 0.36 unknown
3 51 5110 Fill 5109 Fill Mid greyish brown sandy silt which is friable
0.39 0.36 unknown
3 52 5200 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown silty sand loose. Humic content high
30 2 0.24
3 52 5201 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown with occasional orange mottling. Silty sand
30 2 0.23
3 52 5202 Layer - Natural Mid orange brown/light grey brown sandy clay. 20% natural
30 2 0.06+
© Cotswold Archaeology
62
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
flint
3 52 5203 Cut - Posthole Square WWII defence. 90 degree corners
0.54 0.36 unknown
3 52 5204 Fill 5203 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand which is friable
0.54 0.36 unknown
3 52 5205 Cut - Gully/ Land Drain
Linear cut of field drain
>2 0.5 unknown Modern
3 52 5206 Fill 5205 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand which is friable. Mottle with orange natural
>2 0.5 unknown Modern
3 52 5207 Cut - Posthole Square WWII defence. 90 degree corners. Flat Base
0.42 0.49 0.05
3 52 5208 Fill 5207 Fill Dark greyish brown with orange mottling. Sandy silt which is friable
0.42 0.49 0.05
3 53 5300 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey clayey silt which is friable. Occasional stone
31.2 2 0.26 Modern
3 53 5301 Layer - Subsoil Mid-dark brownish grey sandy silt which is friable
31.2 2 0.27
3 53 5302 Layer - Natural Light yellowish grey with brownish yellow and grey steaking. Silty sand which is friable
31.2 2 0.05+
3 53 5303 Cut - Gully/Land Drain
Linear cut of field drain. Moderate and steep sides, both are straight. NW-SE
>3.25 0.6 0.27 Modern
3 53 5304 Fill 5303 Fill Mid brownish grey sandy silt which is friable and moist. Moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (<50mm)
>3.25 0.6 0.27 Modern
3 53 5305 Cut - Posthole Sub-square with sub-angular corners. Near vertical sides which are straight. Flat base
0.43 0.36 0.12
3 53 5306 Fill 5305 Fill Mid brownish grey sandy silt which is friable and moist. Sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (<40mm)
0.43 0.36 0.12
© Cotswold Archaeology
63
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
3 54 5400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy silt friable
30 2 0.3 Modern
3 54 5401 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (20mm)
30 2 0.24
3 54 5402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay which is soft. 5% flint (>30mm)
30 2 0.07+
3 54 5403 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded corners. Rounded and concave sides. Flat base
0.27 0.19 0.14
3 54 5404 Fill 5403 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.27 0.19 0.14
3 54 5405 Cut - Posthole Circular, rounded corners. Unexcavated
0.3 0.3 unknown
3 54 5406 Fill 5405 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.3 0.3 unknown
3 54 5407 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded corners. Rounded and concave sides. Flat base
0.19 0.19 0.14
3 54 5408 Fill 5407 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.19 0.19 0.14
3 54 5409 Cut - Posthole Circular, rounded corners. Unexcavated
0.2 0.2 unknown
3 54 5410 Fill 5409 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.2 0.2 unknown
3 55 5500 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy silt loose
31.3 2 0.37 Modern
3 55 5501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub-angular flint (<50mm)
31.3 2 0.18
3 55 5502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact and moist. Moderate amount of flint (<50mm)
31.3 2 0.07+
3 55 5503 Cut - Posthole Oval with sub-rounded corners. Moderate and straight sides. Tapered round point
0.42 0.38 0.08
© Cotswold Archaeology
64
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
3 55 5504 Fill 5503 Fill Dark brownish grey sandy silt loose. Moderate amount of stone (<40mm) and rare amount of charcoal (<10mm)
0.42 0.38 0.08
3 55 5505 Cut - Ditch Linear with parallel sides. Moderate and straight sides. Flattish base
>2 1.12 0.36
3 55 5506 Fill 5505 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand loose and soft. Moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (<60mm) and very rare amount of charcoal (<10mm)
3 56 5600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy clay which is friable
32.5 2 0.29 Modern
3 56 5601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (20mm)
32.5 2 0.29
3 56 5602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay which is compact. 5% flint (>30mm)
32.5 2 0.02+
3 56 5603 Cut - Ditch Linear. Flat and shallow sides. Flat base. E-W
>2 >1.05 0.4
3 56 5604 Fill 5603 Fill Mid greyish brown with orange mottling. Sandy clay which is friable. 1% flint/gravel
>2 >1.05 0.4
3 57 5700 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown sandy silt loose
31.5 2 0.24 Modern
3 57 5701 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub-angular flint (<50mm)
31.5 2 0.3
3 57 5702 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact
31.5 2 0.04+
3 58 5800 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown sandy silt loose
30.1 2 0.25 Modern
3 58 5801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub-angular flint (<50mm)
30.1 2 0.27
© Cotswold Archaeology
65
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
3 58 5802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact and moist. Moderate amount of flint (<50mm)
30.1 2 0.05+
3 58 5803 Cut - Ditch Cut of field drain. Parallel sides. Associated with [5505]
>2.1 1.6 unknown
3 58 5804 Fill 5803 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sandy loose. Moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (<40mm)
>2.1 1.6 unknown
3 59 5900 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (>20mm)
32 2 0.39 Modern
3 59 5901 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (>20mm)
32 2 0.04
3 59 5902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay which is compact. 5% flint (>30mm)
32 2 0.01+
3 59 5903 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.23 0.23 unknown
3 59 5904 Fill 5903 Fill Mid greyish b brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.23 0.23
3 59 5905 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.18 0.14
3 59 5906 Fill 5905 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.18 0.14
3 59 5907 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.19 0.2
3 59 5908 Fill 5907 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.19 0.2
3 59 5909 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded corners. Sharp, rounded, concave sides. Flat base
0.4 0.38 0.05
3 59 5910 Fill 5909 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm
0.4 0.38 0.05
3 59 5911 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.2 0.2
3 59 5912 Fill 5911 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.2 0.2
3 59 5913 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.23 0.23
© Cotswold Archaeology
66
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
3 59 5914 Fill 5913 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.23 0.23
3 59 5915 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded corners. Sharp, rounded, concave sides. Flat base
0.4 0.38 0.07
3 59 5916 Fill 5915 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.4 0.38 0.07
3 59 5917 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.29 0.28
3 59 5918 Fill 5917 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.29 0.28
3 59 5919 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.16 0.15
3 59 5920 Fill 5919 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.16 0.15
3 59 5921 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.27 0.25
3 59 5922 Fill 5921 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm
0.27 0.25
3 59 5923 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded corners. Sharp, rounded, concave sides. Flat base
0.23 0.23 0.1
3 59 5924 Fill 5923 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.23 0.23 0.1
3 59 5925 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.39 0.33 unknown
3 59 5926 Fill 5925 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.39 0.33 unknown
3 59 5927 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.25 0.25 unknown
3 59 5928 Fill 5927 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.25 0.25 unknown
3 59 5929 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.17 0.15 unknown
3 59 5930 Fill 5929 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.17 0.15 unknown
3 59 5931 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.19 0.19 unknown
3 59 5932 Fill 5931 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.19 0.19 unknown
3 59 5933 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.26 0.23 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
67
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
3 59 5934 Fill 5933 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.26 0.23 unknown
3 59 5935 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.25 0.3 unknown
3 59 5936 Fill 5935 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.25 0.3 unknown
3 59 5937 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.2 0.18 unknown
3 59 5938 Fill 5937 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.2 0.18 unknown
3 59 5939 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated
0.27 0.27 unknown
3 59 5940 Fill 5939 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)
0.27 0.27 unknown
3 59 5941 Cut - Ditch Linear parallel sides. Most likely a field drain, as it is associated with [5505] and [5803]
>2 1.06 unknown
3 59 5942 Fill 5941 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand which is loose and soft
>2 1.06 unknown
3 59 5943 Cut - Ditch Linear parallel sides. Most likely a field drain, as it is associated with [5505] and [5803]
>2 0.46 unknown
3 59 5944 Fill 5943 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand loose
>2 0.46 unknown
3 60 6000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint
31.54 2 0.4 Modern
3 60 6001 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint
31.54 2 0.2
3 60 6002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft silty clay, 5% natural flint
31.54 2 0.01+
3 60 6003 Cut - Posthole Square shaped feature, shape squared concave sides, flat base
0.35 0.3 0.05
3 60 6004 Fill 6003 Fill Mid greyish brown soft silty clay
0.35 0.3 0.05
1 61 6100 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown silty sand, loose, rooting, <1% sub-angular stone
30.5 1.8 0.3 Modern
1 61 6101 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey loose silty sand, occ rooting <1% sub-angular
30.5 1.8 0.3
© Cotswold Archaeology
68
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
stone
1 61 6102 Layer - Natural Light brownish yellow loose sandy clay, occ sub-angular stone
30.5 1.8 0.3
1 62 6200 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown friable sandy silt, high %age of humic matter, rooting
27 2 0.46 Modern
1 62 6201 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown friable silty sand, high %age of humic matter, <1% flint gravel
27 2 0.25
1 62 6202 Layer - Natural Reddish brown with greenish grey mottling friable, <1% natural flint
27 2 0.01+
1 63 6300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown silty sand, loose, rooting, <1% sub-angular stone
32.6 1.8 0.37 Modern
1 63 6301 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey loose silty sand, occ rooting <1% sub-angular stone
32.6 1.8 0.13
1 63 6302 Layer - Natural Light brownish yellow loose sandy clay, occ sub-angular stone
32.6 1.8 0.6+
1 63 6303 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 63 6304 Fill 6303 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 64 6400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown loose silty sand, rooting <1% sub-angular stone
30.5 1.8 0.32 Modern
1 64 6401 Layer - Subsoil Light-mid greyish brown loose silty sand, rooting, <1% sub-angular stone
30.5 1.8 0.18
1 64 6402 Layer - Natural Light yellowing brown loose clayey sand, rare inclusions
30.5 1.8 0.5+
1 64 6403 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 64 6404 Fill 6403 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 64 6405 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 64 6406 Fill 6405 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 65 6500 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown friable clayey silt, minimal rooting
28.5 2 0.34 Modern
1 65 6501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown compact clayey silt
28.5 2 0.18
© Cotswold Archaeology
69
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
1 65 6502 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow with streaks of yellow, grey and brown, compact clayey sand
28.5 2 0.04+
1 66 6600 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown loose sandy silt, rooting and humic
40 2 0.3
1 66 6601 Layer - Subsoil Light grey brown loose silty sand, <1% common gravel
40 2 0.16
1 66 6602 Layer - Natural Mid reddish brown with greenish grey mottling friable sandy clay
40 2 0.16+
1 66 6603 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.34 0.3 unknown
1 66 6604 Fill 6603 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.34 0.3 unknown
1 66 6605 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.4 0.4 unknown
1 66 6606 Fill 6605 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.4 0.4 unknown
1 66 6607 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.45 0.4 unknown
1 66 6608 Fill 6607 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.45 0.4 unknown
1 66 6609 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.47 0.34 unknown
1 66 6610 Fill 6609 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.47 0.34 unknown
1 66 6611 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.36 0.36 unknown
1 66 6612 Fill 6611 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.36 0.36 unknown
1 66 6613 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.57 0.4 unknown
1 66 6614 Fill 6613 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.57 0.4 unknown
1 67 NO ACCESS
1 68 6800 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey loose clayey sand, rooting throughout
28.8 1.8 0.3 Modern
1 68 6801 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey loose clayey sand, occ rooting
28.8 1.8 0.15
1 68 6802 Layer - Natural Light brownish grey loose sandy clay, with patches of light yellowish grey clayey sand, sterile
28.8 1.8 0.45+
1 69 6900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown friable clayey silt, minimal rooting
32.1 2 0.28 Modern
1 69 6901 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown compact clayey silt
32.1 2 0.26
1 69 6902 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow with streaks of grey
32.1 2 0.04
© Cotswold Archaeology
70
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
and brown, compact clayey sand
1 69 6903 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.3 0.26 unknown
1 69 6904 Fill 6903 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.3 0.26 unknown
1 69 6905 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.59 0.45 unknown
1 69 6906 Fill 6905 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.59 0.45 unknown
1 69 6907 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.47 0.4 unknown
1 69 6908 Fill 6907 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.47 0.4 unknown
1 69 6909 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.45 0.4 unknown
1 69 6910 Fill 6909 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.45 0.4 unknown
1 69 6911 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.55 0.4 unknown
1 69 6912 Fill 6911 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.55 0.4 unknown
1 69 6913 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.49 0.35 unknown
1 69 6914 Fill 6913 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.49 0.35 unknown
1 69 6915 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.45 0.34 unknown
1 69 6916 Fill 6915 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.45 0.34 unknown
1 70 7000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable clayey sand, moderate sub-angular stones throughout
31.3 2 0.3 Modern
1 70 7001 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown friable but firm sandy clay, sterile, sparse rooting throughout
31.3 2 0.22
1 70 7002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay, light grey patches
31.3 2 0.9+
1 70 7003 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.3 0.3 unknown
1 70 7004 Fill 7003 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.3 0.3 unknown
1 70 7005 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 70 7006 Fill 7005 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 70 7007 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 70 7008 Fill 7007 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 70 7009 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 70 7010 Fill 7009 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.4 unknown
1 71 7100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate sub-
31 2 0.27 Modern
© Cotswold Archaeology
71
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
angular stone
1 71 7101 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown friable but firm sandy clay, rooting throughout
31 2 0.19
1 71 7102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact sandy clay with light grey patches, moderate rooting
31 2 0.04+
1 71 7103 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.3 0.3 unknown
1 71 7104 Fill 7103 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.3 0.3 unknown
1 71 7105 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.45 0.37 unknown
1 71 7106 Fill 7105 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.45 0.37 unknown
1 71 7107 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.4 0.3 unknown
1 71 7108 Fill 7107 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.4 0.3 unknown
1 71 7109 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.4 0.4 unknown
1 71 7110 Fill 7109 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.4 0.4 unknown
1 71 7111 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.46 0.46 unknown
1 71 7112 Fill 7111 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.46 0.46 unknown
1 71 7113 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.46 0.46 unknown
1 71 7114 Fill 7113 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.46 0.46 unknown
1 72 7200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate sub-angular stone
31.8 2 0.29 Modern
1 72 7201 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown friable but firm sandy clay, rooting
31.8 2 0.24
1 72 7202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay, light grey patches
31.8 2 0.06+
1 73 7300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey loose clayey sand, rooting throughout
30.2 1.8 0.3 Modern
1 73 7301 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey loose clayey sand, occ rooting
30.2 1.8 0.25
1 73 7302 Layer - Natural Light brownish grey loose sandy clay, with patches of light yellowish grey clayey sand
30.2 1.8 0.5+
1 73 7303 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.4 0.35 unknown
1 73 7304 Fill 7303 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.4 0.35 unknown
© Cotswold Archaeology
72
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
1 73 7305 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.47 unknown
1 73 7306 Fill 7305 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.47 unknown
1 73 7307 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.32 unknown
1 73 7308 Fill 7307 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.32 unknown
1 73 7309 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.35 unknown
1 73 7310 Fill 7309 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.35 unknown
1 73 7311 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.35 0.3 unknown
1 73 7312 Fill 7311 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.35 0.3 unknown
1 73 7313 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.33 0.3 unknown
1 73 7314 Fill 7313 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.33 0.3 unknown
1 74 7400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey friable clayey silt, moderate rooting
30.2 2 0.26 Modern
1 74 7401 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish grey compact silty clay, root disturbance
30.2 2 0.31
1 74 7402 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow with streaks of yellow and whiteish clayey sand. Compact, moderate rooting
30.2 2 0.02+
1 74 7403 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.42 unknown
1 74 7404 Fill 7403 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.42 unknown
1 74 7405 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.44 0.22 unknown
1 74 7406 Fill 7405 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.44 0.22 unknown
1 74 7407 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.3 0.27 unknown
1 74 7408 Fill 7407 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.3 0.27 unknown
1 74 7409 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.26 0.25 unknown
1 74 7410 Fill 7409 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.26 0.25 unknown
1 75 7500 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey friable silty sand
30.54 2 0.24 Modern
1 75 7501 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey friable sandy clay, occ natural flint
30.54 2 0.16
1 75 7502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish red soft sandy clay, occ natural flint
30.54 2 0.01+
1 75 7503 Cut - Gully/land drain
NE-SW aligned linear, sharp rounded concave sides, flat base
>1 >0.42 >0.13 Modern
1 75 7504 Fill 7503 Fill Mid greyish brown soft sandy
>1 >0.42 >0.13 Modern
© Cotswold Archaeology
73
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
clay, 5% natural flint
1 75 7505 Cut - Posthole Square feature, sharp rounded concave sides, flat base
>0.53 >0.38 >0.07
1 75 7506 Fill 7505 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and soft silty clay, natural flint
>0.53 >0.38 >0.07
1 75 7507 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.5 0.45 unknown
1 75 7508 Fill 7507 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.5 0.45 unknown
1 75 7509 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.46 0.4 unknown
1 75 7510 Fill 7509 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.46 0.4 unknown
1 76 7600 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey friable silty sand
28 2 0.29 Modern
1 76 7601 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey friable sandy clay, occ natural flint
28 2 0.23
1 76 7602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish red soft sandy clay, occ natural flint
28 2 0.08+
1 76 7603 Cut - Posthole Square feature, sharp rounded concave sides, flat base
0.55 0.45 unknown
1 76 7604 Fill 7603 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and soft silty clay, natural flint
0.55 0.45 unknown
1 76 7605 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated
0.9 0.4 unknown
1 76 7606 Fill 7605 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated
0.9 0.4 unknown
TR 77-82 NO ACCESS
2 83 8300 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting
29.5 2 0.31 Modern
2 83 8301 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate rooting
29.5 2 0.21
2 83 8302 Layer - Natural Light reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay with light greenish yellow patches, moderate rooting
29.5 2 0.08+
2 84 8400 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting
34 2 0.29 Modern
2 84 8401 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable but firm clayey sand, sparse sub-angular stone
34 2 0.22
© Cotswold Archaeology
74
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
2 84 8402 Layer - Natural Light reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay with light greenish yellow patches
34 2 0.09+
2 84 8403 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, steep and straight sides with rounded base
0.32 0.27 0.1
2 84 8404 Fill 8403 Fill Mid greyish brown friable but firm clayey sand
0.32 0.27 0.1
2 85 8500 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown friable clayey silt
31.7 2 0.32 Modern
2 85 8501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey compact-friable silty clay
31.7 2 0.53
2 85 8502 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow with streaks of grey and brown, compact clayey sand
31.7 2 0.05+
2 85 8503 Cut - Gully/land drain
Irregular linear, moderately sloping symmetrical sides with rounded base
6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern
2 85 8504 Fill 8503 Fill Mid brownish bluish grey friable clayey sand
6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern
2 85 8505 Cut - Gully/land drain
Irregular linear, moderately sloping symmetrical sides with rounded base, pos same as [8503], pos badgers' set (disturbance)
6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern
2 85 8506 Fill 8505 Fill Mid brownish bluish grey friable clayey sand
6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern
2 85 8507 Cut - Gully/land drain
Linear NW-SE aligned feature, moderate and straight sides, sub rounded base
>1 0.56 0.2 Modern
2 85 8508 Fill 8507 Fill Mid bluish grey friable but firm sandy silt
>1 0.56 0.2 Modern
2 85 8509 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, moderately sloping sides with sub rounded base
0.34 0.37 0.08
2 85 8510 Fill 8509 Fill Mid bluish grey friable but firm sandy silt
0.34 0.37 0.08
© Cotswold Archaeology
75
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
2 86 8600 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-rounded stone
30.9 2 0.33 Modern
2 86 8601 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable but firm clayey sand, sparse rooting
30.9 2 0.26
2 86 8602 Layer - Natural Light reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay with pale greenish yellow patches
30.9 2 0.06+
2 87 8700 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown friable sandy silt, 10% chalk, nrooting
30 2 0.27 Modern
2 87 8701 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown friable silty sand, 25% chalk, rooting
30 2 0.15
2 87 8702 Layer - Natural Light brown friable sandy clay with green grey mottling, 5% natural gravel
30 2 0.01+
2 87 8703 Cut - Posthole Irregular oval feature, concave and uneven base
>0.36 0.21 0.15
2 87 8704 Fill 8703 Fill Mid yellowish brown friable sandy clay
>0.36 0.21 0.15
2 87 8705 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, steep sides
0.2 0.13 0.22
2 87 8706 Fill 8705 Fill Light brownish grey loose sandy clay
0.2 0.13 0.22
2 87 8707 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, steep sides
0.34 0.34 0.22
2 87 8708 Fill 8707 Fill Light brownish grey loose sandy clay
0.34 0.34 0.22
2 87 8709 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, moderate to steep sides with flat base
0.3 0.28 0.14
2 87 8710 Fill 8709 Fill Light brownish grey loose sandy clay
0.3 0.28 0.14
2 87 8711 Cut - Posthole Circular feature with shallow concave sides to concave base
0.25 0.25 0.09
2 87 8712 Fill 8711 Fill Dark greyish brown friable silty sand, 20% charcoal
0.25 0.25 0.09
2 87 8713 Cut - Posthole Circular feature with shallow concave sides to concave base
0.34 0.34 0.1
2 87 8714 Fill 8713 Fill Dark greyish brown friable silty sand, 10% charcoal
0.34 0.34 0.1
© Cotswold Archaeology
76
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
2 88 8800 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-angular stone
32.8 2 0.29 Modern
2 88 8801 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable and firm clayey sand, sparse sub-angular stone
32.8 2 0.22
2 88 8802 Layer - Natural Light yellowish/ reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay, rare sub-angular stone
32.8 2 0.05+
2 89 8900 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-rounded stone
31 2 0.23 Modern
2 89 8901 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable and firm clayey sand, moderate rooting sparse sub-rounded stone
31 2 0.17
2 89 8902 Layer - Natural Light yellowish/ reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay, moderate rooting
31 2 0.05+
2 90 9000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay 5% small stone
28.8 2 0.2 Modern
2 90 9001 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint
28.8 2 0.2
2 90 9002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft silty clay , 5% natural flint
28.8 2 0.01+
2 90 9003 Cut - Pit Oval feature, sharp rounded concave sides to flat base
>0.2 >0.2 0.09 Late Prehistoric
2 90 9004 Fill 9003 Fill Dark blackish brown soft silty clay, 25% charcoal, 10% burnt flint
>0.2 >0.2 0.09 Late Prehistoric
2 91 9100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay, occ small stone
30.82 2 0.25 Modern
2 91 9102 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay occ sub-angular natural flint
30.82 2 0.17
2 91 9103 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft but
30.82 2 0.01+
© Cotswold Archaeology
77
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
firm silty clay, 5% natural flint
2 92 9200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay
33.84 2 0.19 Modern
2 92 9201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay occ sub-angular natural flint
33.84 2 0.2
2 92 9202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft and firm silty clay, 5% natural flint and pebbles
33.84 2 0.01+
2 92 9203 Cut - Pit Irregularly shaped feature, moderate and straight sides, sub rounded base
1.17 0.85 0.17
2 92 9204 Fill 9203 Fill Mid yellowish brown with greyish tint, friable but firm clayey sand
1.17 0.85 0.17
2 93 9300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown loose sandy clay, rooting throughout, sub-angular stone
28.7 1.8 0.28 Modern
2 93 9301 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey loose sandy clay, sub-angular stone and chalk
28.7 1.8 0.15
2 93 9302 Layer - Natural Light greyish brown friable sandy clay, patches of yellowish grey clayey sand. Patches of mid brown/red sandy clay
28.7 1.8 0.01+
2 93 9303 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, vertical symmetrical sides, tapered to rounded point
0.33 0.33 0.37
2 93 9304 Fill 9303 Fill Mid reddish brown friable sandy clay
0.33 0.33 0.37
2 93 9305 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9303]
0.31 0.32 >0.05
2 93 9306 Fill 9305 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9304)
0.31 0.32 >0.05
2 93 9307 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9303]
0.34 0.25 >0.05
2 93 9308 Fill 9307 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9304)
0.34 0.25 >0.05
2 93 9309 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9303]
0.33 0.33 >0.05
© Cotswold Archaeology
78
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
2 93 9310 Fill 9309 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9304)
0.33 0.33 >0.05
2 93 9311 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9303]
0.44 0.33 >0.05
2 93 9312 Fill 9311 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9304)
0.44 0.33 >0.05
2 93 9313 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9303]
0.4 0.33 >0.05
2 93 9314 Fill 9312 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9304)
0.4 0.33 >0.05
2 94 9400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay, occ small stone
31.56 2 0.2 Modern
2 94 9401 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay occ sub-angular natural flint
31.56 2 0.2
2 94 9402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft and firm silty clay, sub angular natural flint
31.56 2 0.01+
2 95 9500 Layer - Topsoil Dark brownish grey friable sandy clay, sub angular stone
30.7 1.8 0.2 Modern
2 95 9501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey friable sandy clay, 25% sub-angular chalk and stone
30.7 1.8 0.2
2 95 9502 Layer - Natural Light greyish brown sandy clay, occ flint, patches of light brown sandy clay
30.7 1.8 0.1+
2 95 9503 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, vertical sides
0.25 0.18 >0.25
2 95 9504 Fill 9503 Fill Greyish brown friable sandy clay
0.25 0.18 >0.25
2 95 9505 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9503]
0.35 0.34 >0.25
2 95 9506 Fill 9505 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9504)
0.35 0.34 >0.25
2 95 9507 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9503]
0.23 0.21 >0.25
2 95 9508 Fill 9507 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9504)
0.23 0.21 >0.25
2 95 9509 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9503]
0.28 0.25 >0.25
2 95 9510 Fill 9509 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9504)
0.28 0.25 >0.25
© Cotswold Archaeology
79
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
2 95 9511 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9503]
0.14 0.14 >0.25
2 95 9512 Fill 9511 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9504)
0.14 0.14 >0.25
2 96 9600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay
28.6 2 0.17 Modern
2 96 9601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay, 5% natural flint
28.6 2 0.23
2 96 9602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay, 5% natural flint
28.6 2 0.01+
2 96 9603 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, sharp rounded concave sides to flat base
>0.22 >0.18 >0.05
2 96 9604 Fill 9603 Fill Mid greyish brown soft silty clay
>0.22 >0.18 >0.05
2 96 9605 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, sharp rounded concave sides to flat base
>0.22 >0.12 0.1
2 96 9606 Fill 9605 Fill Mid greyish brown soft silty clay
>0.22 >0.12 0.1
2 96 9607 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, sharp rounded concave sides to flat base
>0.54 >0.2 >0.06
2 96 9608 Fill 9607 Fill Mid greyish brown soft silty clay
>0.54 >0.2 >0.06
2 97 9700 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% small stones
29.3 2 0.23 Modern
2 97 9701 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable sandy clay 5% flint
29.3 2 0.12
2 97 9702 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft silty clay, 5% natural flint
29.3 2 0.09+
2 97 9703 Cut - Furrow Linear N-S aligned feature, sharp rounded concave sides to flat base
>1 0.39 0.03 Medieval/ Post-medieval
2 97 9704 Fill 9703 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and soft silty clay, 1% natural flint
>1 0.39 0.03 Medieval/ Post-medieval
2 97 9705 Cut - Tree throw Irregularly shaped feature, moderate sides with irregular/uneven base
2.11 1.48 0.11
2 97 9706 Fill 9705 Fill Light brownish grey friable sandy clay, 15% sub-angular stone
2.11 1.48 0.11
© Cotswold Archaeology
80
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
2 97 9707 Cut - Furrow Linear NE-SW aligned feature, unexcavated
>5.37 >1 unknown Medieval/ Post-medieval
2 97 9708 Fill 9707 Fill Mid yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay
>5.31 >1 unknown Medieval/ Post-medieval
2 98 9800 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown sandy silt with modern debris and sub-rounded flint
30 2 0.25 Modern
2 98 9801 Layer - Subsoil Mid reddish brown silty clay with sub-rounded flint
30 2 0.23
2 98 9802 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow silty clay with common sub-rounded flint
30 2 0.1+
2 98 9803 Cut - Pit Oval feature, shallow sides, slightly concave and flat base
>1.35 1.7 0.11 Late Prehistoric
2 98 9804 Fill 9803 Fill Mid reddish brown friable to compact silty clay
>1.35 1.7 0.11 Late Prehistoric
2 98 9805 Cut - Tree throw Cut of tree throw, unexcavated
1.6 0.9 unknown
2 98 9806 Fill 9805 Fill Mid reddish/ yellowish brown silty clay, flecks of charcoal
1.6 0.9 unknown
2 98 9807 Cut - Tree throw Cut of tree throw, unexcavated
3.1 0.85 unknown
2 98 9808 Fill 9807 Fill Mid reddish/ yellowish brown silty clay, flecks of charcoal
3.1 0.85 unknown
2 98 9809 Cut - Tree throw Cut of tree throw, unexcavated
1.51 0.98 unknown
2 98 9810 Fill 9809 Fill Mid reddish/ yellowish brown silty clay, flecks of charcoal
1.51 0.98 unknown
2 99 9900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown loose clayey sand, moderate amount of chalk and sub-rounded stone
31.9 2 0.25 Modern
2 99 9901 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable and moist clayey sand, sparse amount of chalk
31.9 2 0.15
2 99 9902 Layer - Natural Light yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay with pale bluish patches
31.9 2 0.05+
2 99 9903 Cut - Furrow Linear NE-SW aligned feature, moderate and concave sides,
>1 1.27 0.19 Medieval/ Post-medieval
© Cotswold Archaeology
81
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
sub-rounded base
2 99 9904 Fill 9903 Fill Mid yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay
>1 1.27 0.19 Medieval/ Post-medieval
2 99 9905 Cut - Furrow Irregular shaped linear, shallow irregular sides to sub rounded pitted base
>2 0.68 0.07 Medieval/ Post-medieval
2 99 9906 Fill 9905 Fill Mid yellowish brown compact clayey sand
>2 0.68 0.07 Medieval/ Post-medieval
2 100 10001 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay
39.24 2 0.19 Modern
2 100 10002 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay occ natural flint
39.24 2 0.16
2 100 10003 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay, 5% natural flint
39.24 2 0.01+
© Cotswold Archaeology
82
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
APPENDIX B: THE FINDS
Table 3: Finds Concordance
Context Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Spot-date
3004 medieval pottery Sandy oxidised (‘Newbury C’?) 2 70 C13-C15
CBM 2 19
3700 Burnt flint 4 23
3726 Iron rod 3 45
Iron nail 1 8
8704 CBM 1 12
8710 Iron U shaped spike 1 9
9300 Post-medieval pottery Glazed eathenware 1 4 MC16-C18
9304 CBM Pmed roof tile 1 136
9500 Post-medieval pottery Glazed eathenware 1 28 MC16-C18
Iron Gate fitting 1 49
9700 CBM 1 13
Iron object 1 24
9704 Iron nail 1 5
9706 Burnt flint 4 18
Flint Flake 1 10
9800 Post-medieval pottery Refined white ware 1 1 LC18-C19
9804 Prehistoric pottery Coarse flint-tempered 6 25 LBA?
Prehistoric pottery Fine flint-tempered 1 7
Prehistoric pottery ?organic-tempered 3 1
Flint 3x flake, 1x core 4 90
Burnt flint 16 456 Finds Concordance of artefacts recovered from a single bulk sample (Appendix C, Table 4)
Context Sample no. Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Spot-date
9004 1000 Late prehistoric pottery flint-tempered 2 1 Lpre
Glass modern 1 1
Flint Flake 1 9
© Cotswold Archaeology
83
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE
Table 4: Assessment table of the palaeoenvironmental remains
Feature Context Sample Vol (L)
Flot
size (ml)
Roots % Grain Chaff
Charred Other
Notes for Table
Charcoal > 4/2mm Other
Trench 90 Posthole
9003 9004 1000 8 50 50 - - *
Prunus
spinosa
stone frag **/*** -
Key: + = 1–4 items; ++ = 5–19 items; +++ = 20–49 items; ++++ = 50–99 items; +++++ = >100 items
Table 5: Identified animal species by fragment count (NISP) and weight and context
Cut Fill EQ LM Ind Total Weight (g)
3123 3124 2 148 150 179
9300 1 1 54
Total 2 1 148 151
Weight 69 54 110 233
EQ = horse; LM = cattle size mammal; Ind = indeterminate
© Cotswold Archaeology
84
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM
PROJECT DETAILS
Project Name Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Short description
An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in June 2016 at Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire. Ninety-three trenches were excavated. Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post-medieval and modern date) were identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99 within Field 2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5. Within Field 2, a small pit was identified within Trench 90 which contained an assemblage of charcoal remains and a pit containing a small assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was identified within Trench 98 dating the feature to the late prehistoric period. Both pits are isolated examples indicative of temporary settlement activity dating to the prehistoric period. A similar isolated pit was also identified within Trench 92 but was undated. Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a series of three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics the ditches are typical of historic farming practices dating to the medieval period. Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field boundary network is likely to be associated with historic field boundaries dating to the medieval and post-medieval periods. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was found to the north within Field 4 and to the west and south-west within Field 5. Trench 38 in Field 4 contained a series of north/south orientated wheel ruts. Although these features were not excavated and no finds recovered their location situated parallel to the existing east field boundary also suggests a possible medieval or post-medieval date for the wheel rutting. One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench evaluation within Field 1 – 5; all are likely to date to the modern period. Square cut postholes were found within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes were found within Fields 2, 3, 4 and 5. Based on their extensive intermittent positioning but also their projected alignments, morphology and fill characteristics and dating evidence, the postholes are likely to form part of an extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles to include barbed wire entanglements and possible timber constructed tank proof obstacles erected during important anti-invasion defence works. If the features are associated with a network of Second World War tactical obstacles, and this seems likely, then they are located between the southern end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge and to the north of the Area Defence associated with the heavily defended army camp located north of Ewshot and are important to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of Britain in 1940.
Project dates 08-23 June 2016
Project type
Trial trench evaluation
© Cotswold Archaeology
85
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Previous work
Not known
Future work Unknown
PROJECT LOCATION
Site Location Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Study area (M2/ha) 33 ha
Site co-ordinates SU 8015 5112
PROJECT CREATORS
Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology
Project Brief originator Hampshire County Council
Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology
Project Manager Richard Greatorex
Project Supervisor Matt Nichol
MONUMENT TYPE None
SIGNIFICANT FINDS Possible WW2 defences
PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive (museum/Accession no.) Hampshire Museums Services
Content (e.g. pottery, animal bone etc)
Physical Ceramics, worked and burnt flint and animal bone etc
Paper Context sheets, matrices etc
Digital Database, digital photos etc
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ADS (Archaeological Data Service) (no date) Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area 51). Available at:
http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue//adsdata/arch-455-
1/dissemination/pdf/Text_Reports/DA51_TEXT_-_CHEQUERS_BRIDGE.pdf Accessed 12 July 2016
Aston, M. 1985 Interpreting the Landscape: Landscape Archaeology and Local History. London: Routledge
Baker, P. and Worley, F. 2014 Animal bones and archaeology: Guidelines for best practice Swindon,
English Heritage
BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology
viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 24 June 2016
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016a Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Written Scheme
of Investigation for an Archaeological Investigation
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016b Pillbox WA65 & WA85, Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,
Hampshire: Historic Building Recording
DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework
Eyre, S R. 1955 The Curving Plough-strip and its Historical Implications. Agricultural History Review: Volume 3,
© Cotswold Archaeology
86
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Number 2, pp 80-94
Foot, W. 2006 Beaches, fields, streets, and hills: the anti-invasion landscapes of England, 1940. York: CBA
Research Report 144
HMSO 1936 Manual of Field Engineering (Royal Engineers). Volume II. London: His Majesty’s Stationary Office
Stace, C 1997 New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Books
WA (Wessex Archaeology) 2014 Albany Park, Church Crookham, Hampshire – Archaeological Desk Based
Assessment (Client Report)
CITY OFSOUTHAMPTON
CITY OF
WESTBERKSHIRE
OXFORDSHIRE
READING
WOKINGHAM
BRACKNELLFOREST
WINDSOR ANDMAIDENHEAD
SLOUGH
London area(see inset)
SHIRE
HAMPSHIRE
WEST SUSSEX
SURREY
EAS
AM
SHIRE
HER
OF
T
CotswoldArchaeology
N
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
0 1km
Reproduced from the 2016 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109
c 1
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Site location plan
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038519-07-20161:25,000
LDLMLM
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
SU
4949
7878 7979 8080 8181 8282
5050
5151
5252
5353
Field 5
Field 4
Field 3
Field 1
Field 2
T22
T23
T24
T28
T27
T26
T25
T21
T19
T20
T18
T9
T17
T16
T8
T7
T10
T1
T6
T22
T15
T12
T5
T2
T3
T4
T13
T14
T30
T29
T31
T32
T33
T34
T38
T35
T37
T39
T1
T41
T40
T42
T45
T46
T44
T43
T47
T48
T49
T52
T50
T51
T53
T54
T60
T55
T58
T59
T56
T57
T61
T62
T63
T64
T65
T66
T70
T69
T68
T73
T72
T71
T74
T75
T76
T83
T84
T85
T87
T89
T88
T86
T92
T90
T91
T96
T94
T93
T98
T97
T99
T95
T100
150800
151000
151200
151400
479800
480000
480200
480400
access point
Digital base map supplied by client
P:\770385 Land at W
atery Lane, C
hurch C
rookham
, H
am
pshire H
BR
&
E
val\Illustration\D
rafts\770385_figs.dw
g
N
DRAWN BY
CHECKED BY
APPROVED BY
LD
LM
LM
PROJECT NO.
DATE
SCALE@A3
770385
21/07/2016
1:2,500
PROJECT TITLE
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,
Hampshire
FIGURE TITLE
Trench location plan showing
archaeological features, services and
fields 1 - 5
FIGURE NO.
2
site boundary
evaluation trench
archaeological feature
modern
field drain
treethrow
bioturbation
modern service
Andover
Cirencester
Exeter
Milton Keynes
www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
w
e
01264 347630
01285 771022
01392 826185
01908 564660
100m0
T59
T61
T62
T63
T64
T65
T66
T70
T69
T68
T73
T72
T71
T74
T75
T76
T84
T85
T88
T86
T92
T94
T93
Field 1
P:\770385 Land at W
atery Lane, C
hurch C
rookham
, H
am
pshire H
BR
&
E
val\Illustration\D
rafts\770385_figs.dw
g
N
G:\Illustration\Illustration templates\autocad_template\CA_Logo_for_CAD.jpg
DRAWN BY
CHECKED BY
APPROVED BY
LD
LM
LM
PROJECT NO.
DATE
SCALE@A3
770385
21/07/2016
1:750
PROJECT TITLE
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,
Hampshire
FIGURE TITLE
Field 1: Trench location plan showing
archaeological features
FIGURE NO.
3
Andover
Cirencester
Exeter
Milton Keynes
www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
w
e
01264 347630
01285 771022
01392 826185
01908 564660
Digital base map supplied by client
30m0
site boundary
evaluation trench
archaeological feature
modern
field drain
treethrow
bioturbation
modern service
T64
T69
T68
T73
T74
T76
T83
T84
T85
T87
T89
T88
T86
T92
T90
T91
T96
T94
T93
T98
T97
T99
T95
T100
Field 2
P:\770385 Land at W
atery Lane, C
hurch C
rookham
, H
am
pshire H
BR
&
E
val\Illustration\D
rafts\770385_figs.dw
g
N
G:\Illustration\Illustration templates\autocad_template\CA_Logo_for_CAD.jpg
DRAWN BY
CHECKED BY
APPROVED BY
LD
LM
LM
PROJECT NO.
DATE
SCALE@A3
770385
21/07/2016
1:750
PROJECT TITLE
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,
Hampshire
FIGURE TITLE
Field 2: Trench location plan showing
archaeological features
FIGURE NO.
4
Andover
Cirencester
Exeter
Milton Keynes
www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
w
e
01264 347630
01285 771022
01392 826185
01908 564660
Digital base map supplied by client
30m0
site boundary
evaluation trench
archaeological feature
modern
field drain
treethrow
bioturbation
modern service
See Fig. 10
See Fig. 11
T39
T46
T47
T48
T49
T52
T50
T51
T53
T54
T60
T55
T58
T59
T56
T57
T61
T62
T63
Field 1
Field 3
P:\770385 Land at W
atery Lane, C
hurch C
rookham
, H
am
pshire H
BR
&
E
val\Illustration\D
rafts\770385_figs.dw
g
N
DRAWN BY
CHECKED BY
APPROVED BY
LD
LM
LM
PROJECT NO.
DATE
SCALE@A3
770385
21/07/2016
1:750
PROJECT TITLE
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,
Hampshire
FIGURE TITLE
Field 3: Trench location plan showing
archaeological features
FIGURE NO.
5
Andover
Cirencester
Exeter
Milton Keynes
www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
w
e
01264 347630
01285 771022
01392 826185
01908 564660
Digital base map supplied by client
30m0
site boundary
evaluation trench
archaeological feature
modern
field drain
treethrow
bioturbation
modern service
access point
See fig. 12
See fig. 13
Field 4
T26
T17
T16
T15
T30
T29
T31
T32
T33
T34
T38
T35
T37
T39
T1
T41
T40
T42
T45
T46
T44
T43
T47
T48
T49
T52
T50
T51
T53
T83
P:\770385 Land at W
atery Lane, C
hurch C
rookham
, H
am
pshire H
BR
&
E
val\Illustration\D
rafts\770385_figs.dw
g
N
DRAWN BY
CHECKED BY
APPROVED BY
LD
LM
LM
PROJECT NO.
DATE
SCALE@A3
770385
21/07/2016
1:1000
PROJECT TITLE
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,
Hampshire
FIGURE TITLE
Field 4: Trench location plan showing
archaeological features
FIGURE NO.
6
Andover
Cirencester
Exeter
Milton Keynes
www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
w
e
01264 347630
01285 771022
01392 826185
01908 564660
Digital base map supplied by client
site boundary
evaluation trench
archaeological feature
modern
field drain
treethrow
bioturbation
modern service
40m0
See fig. 15
See fig. 14
See fig. 16
Field 4
T22
T23
T24
T28
T27
T26
T25
T21
T19
T20
T18
T9
T17
T16
T8
T7
T10
T1
T6
T22
T15
T12
T5
T2
T3
T4
T13
T14
T30
T29
T31
T32
T33
T34
T35
T37
T1
Field 5
P:\770385 Land at W
atery Lane, C
hurch C
rookham
, H
am
pshire H
BR
&
E
val\Illustration\D
rafts\770385_figs.dw
g
N
DRAWN BY
CHECKED BY
APPROVED BY
LD
LM
LM
PROJECT NO.
DATE
SCALE@A3
770385
21/07/2016
1:1000
PROJECT TITLE
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,
Hampshire
FIGURE TITLE
Field 5: Trench location plan showing
archaeological features
FIGURE NO.
7
Andover
Cirencester
Exeter
Milton Keynes
www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
w
e
01264 347630
01285 771022
01392 826185
01908 564660
Digital base map supplied by client
site boundary
evaluation trench
archaeological feature
modern
field drain
treethrow
bioturbation
modern service
40m0
Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area 51) - page 2 of 13
There is a fine viewshed from the hill at Hancock's farm looking towards Chequers Bridge, another from the hillock west of Albany Farm, and others across the defence area formed by the pattern of fields and woods. The Basingstoke Canal acts as a prime focus linking the various viewsheds.
Fig. 2 - Air photograph taken in January 1946 showing the central and southern parts of the defence area. Chequers Bridge is at the upper centre where the curving line of the Basingstoke Canal can be clearly seen. Hancock's Farm lies to the south at the edge of woodland [to the left of centre of the photograph] and Coxmoor Wood is at the left edge. The line of the filled in anti-tank ditches can be made out both north and south of the Canal. The centre of Crookham Village, and Pilcot, are off the photograph to the north.
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
8
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Foot, W. 2209, “DA51 Chequers Bridge” in Defence Areas: a national study of Second World War anti-invasion landscapes in England. Swindon: English Heritage
Aerial mapping of Chequers Bridge Switch Line (circa 1946)
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038521/07/2016N/A
LDLMLM
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
evaluation site
Chequers Bridge switch line (tank trap)
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
9
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Manual of Field Engineering. Vol. II (Royal Engineers) 1936, London: HM Stationery Office
Illustration of Tank-proof Obstacles, Royal Engineers Manual (circa 1936)
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038521/07/2016N/A
LDLMLM
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
10
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Field 2: Trench 90 plan, section and photograph
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038521/07/20161:10
LDLMRG
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
89.0mAOD
W E
Section AAN
0 0.5m
AA
9004
9004
Trench 90 looking north (1m scales)
pit9003
pit9003
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
11
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Field 2: Trench 98 plan, section and photographs
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038526/07/20161:20
LDLMRG
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
0 1m
0 1m
91.8mAOD
E W
Section BBLOE
pit9803
pit9803
Trench 98 looking north (1m scales)
Pit 9803 looking south (1m scale)B
B
T98
9804
N
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
12
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Field 3: Trench 55 plan, section and photographs
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038526/07/20161:20; 1:100
LDLMRG
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
1:200 1m
1:1000 5m
83.1mAOD
E W
Section CC
posthole5503
ditch5505
field drain
Trench 55 looking west (1m scales)
Ditch 5505 looking south (1m scales)
C C
T55
N
5500
5501
5506
55025502
ditch5505
posthole5903
posthole5907 posthole
5911 posthole5913 posthole
5917 posthole5921 posthole
5923 posthole5927 ditch
5941 posthole5929
ditch5943
posthole5931 posthole
5935 posthole5937
posthole5939
posthole5933
posthole5925
posthole5919
posthole5915
posthole5909
posthole5905
T59
Posthole 5923 looking west (20cm scale) Trench 59 looking east (1m scales)
CotswoldArchaeology
N
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
13
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Field 3: Trench 59 plan, sections and photographs
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A3
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038526/07/161:10; 1:100
LDLMRG
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
1:100 0.5m
1:1000 5m
F
FE
E
D
D
84.1mAOD
N S
Section DD
84.1mAOD
E W
Section EE
84.0mAOD
SW NE
Section FF
5909
5916
5915
5924
5923
5910
posthole3103
posthole3105
posthole3107 posthole
3109
posthole3111 posthole
3114
posthole3113 posthole
3119
posthole3121
ditch3123ditch
3117
field drain
T31
Posthole 3109 looking east (20cm scale) Ditch 3117 looking south (40cm scale) Trench 31 looking east (1m scales)
CotswoldArchaeology
N
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
14
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Field 4: Trench 31 plan, sections and photographs
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A3
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038526/07/161:10; 1:100
LDLMRG
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
1:100 0.5m
1:1000 5m
H
HG
G
78.1mAOD
N S
Section GG
78.3mAOD
SE NW
Section HH
3110
3109 3118
3117
field drain
pit3703
pit3705
pit3707
pit3711
pit3715
posthole3709
posthole3713
posthole3717
posthole3719 posthole
3721
posthole3723
posthole3727
elongated pit3725
wood
T37
Elongated pit 3721 looking south-east (40cm scale) Trench 37 looking west (1m scales)
CotswoldArchaeology
N
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
15
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Field 4: Trench 37 plan, sections and photographs
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A3
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038526/07/161:10; 1:100
LDLMRG
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
1:100 0.5m
1:1000 5m
I
JI
J
80.8mAOD
N S
Section II
80.8mAOD
W E
Section JJ
37263729
37293725
3725
3726
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
16
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Field 4: Trench 43 plan and photograph
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038526/07/20161:100
LDLMRG
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
Trench 43 looking west (1m scales)
posthole4313
posthole4311
posthole4309
posthole4307
posthole4305
posthole4303
field drain
N
1:1000 5m
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
17
Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire
Reinstatement undertaken by CA between Field 4 and Field 5
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
77038521/07/2016N/A
LDLMLM
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 826185
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
87