CHURCH HISTORY IICHURCH HISTORY IILesson 9Lesson 9

November 2, 2008

The Anglican ReformationPart II

Apostolic Church

Apostolic Fathers

Church Councils

Church History

Ca. 30AD 590 AD 1517 AD

Golden Age of Church Fathers

Reformation & Counter Reformation

Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism

Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism

?

Ancient Church History Medieval Church History Modern Church History

The Pre-Reformers

The First Medieval Pope

The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire

The Crusades

The Papacy in Decline

The Protestant Reformation

Common Beliefs1. Salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ2. Religious authority is Scripture.3. Church is the priesthood of believers.

Lutheran Reformed Anglican Anabaptist

Martin Luther1483-1545

Ulrich Zwingli1484-1531

John Calvin1509-1564

John Knox1513-1572

Elizabeth I1558-1603

Conrad Grebel1448-1526

Germany Switzerland Scotland England NorthernEurope

15171523

1536

1525

1560

1563

The English Reformation

Characteristics of the English Reformation

Its direct cause was more political than religious

Initially, it was more organizational than doctrinal

The English church was marked by continual upheaval

There is no dominant spiritual figure

The nature of the Anglican Reformation gives a better understanding as tothe rise of Puritanism.

The Anglican & Lutheran Reformation were conservative

The Anglican Reformation will have the greatest (widest) effect becauseextent of the British Empire

Henry VIII

Catherine ofAragon

AnneBoleyn

JaneSeymour

Anne ofCleves

CatherineHoward

CatherineParr

DirectCause,

Mary Tudor“Bloody Mary”

Elizabeth Edward VI ThomasCranmer

CatholicDisfavorin Court

Protestantinfluenceon boy

king

Edward VI1537-1553

(reigned 1547-1553)

Since a boy king, country was ruled by protectors who favored ProtestantismParliament abolished harsh Law of Treason & HeresyRepealed the Six Articles ActRemoved all restrictions on printing, reading, & teaching of scripturesOrder administration of cup to the laityImages ordered removed from churchesMarriage of priests made legalAct of Uniformity – universal use of a book of common prayer in English42 Articles – doctrinal statement produces by Cranmer and influenced by KnoxDies at age 16 - tuberculosis

Mary Tudor1516-1558

(reign 1553-1558)

Sought to immediately repeal Protestant ReformsMarries Phillip II of SpainBegan persecution of Protestants, “Bloody Mary” Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas CranmerMany leading Protestants flee to the Continent & become influenced by continental reformers particularly Calvin in GenevaMary’s extreme reaction turned the English people from her – Spanish marriage, restoration of the pope, the persecution of English people

Elizabeth1558-1603

James I1603-1625

Charles I1625-1649

EnglishCommonwealth

1649-1653

Cromwell1653-1658

Charles II1660-1685

James II1685-1688

William & Mary1688-1702

English

Interregnum

The English ReformationThe Royal Players

Queen ElizabethThe Virgin Queen

1533-1603Reigned 1558-1603

Protestant – Educated by AB. Thomas Cramner

Second Child of Henry VIII

Brilliant person & adroit ruler

Pragmatic Ruler

English people divided religiously

3 English views of the Reformation

1. Break with the Catholic Church okay, but not change in doctrine or practice. (Anglicans)

2. The break with the Catholic Church was not a sufficient reform of thechurch. (Protestants)

3. Loyal Roman Catholics wanting to return to the Catholic fold(Catholics)

Queen ElizabethThe Virgin Queen

1533-1603Reigned 1558-1603

Protestant – Educated by AB. Thomas Cramner

Third Child of Henry VIII

Brilliant person & adroit ruler

Pragmatic Ruler

English people divided religiously

Political and Personal Reasons

The Elizabethan Dilemma

Mary Stuart of Scotland, granddaughter of Margaret Tudor sister of Henry VIII,had a valid claim to throne

CatholicsCatholics

France & Spain ready to intervene

Still many Catholics in country, but Eliz. could not support because of herlineage

Protestants

Elizabeth personally a protestant

Many protestants return from continent after Bloody Mary dies.

Many English were not pro-Catholic, but not ardent Protestants

Many received a chance at Middle Class because of the demiseof the Catholic Church

“Elizabeth was not a Protestant extremist. Her ideal was a church whose

practices were uniform, thus uniting the kingdom in common worship, but

in which there would also be great latitude for varying opinions. Within the

church, there would be no place for either Roman Catholicism or extreme

Protestantism. But any moderate form of Protestantism would be

acceptable, as long as it participated in the common worship of the Church

of England.”Justo Gonzalez

Act of Supremacy 1559 – The only supreme governor of this realmin spiritual and ecclesiastical matters. No Pope, less offensivelanguage.

Act of Uniformity – The Prayer Book of Edward VI revised and ordered used.The Forty-two Articles changed to Thirty-nine Articles in 1563.

The Elizabethan SettlementThe Middle Way

The prayer against the Pope dropped.

The matter of the bodily presence in the communion left an open question.

The body of our Lord Jesus Christ which was given for thee to preservethy body and soul unto everlasting life. Take and eat this in remembrance that Christ died for thee and feed on Him in thy heartby faith with thanksgiving.

The Book of Common Prayer

Act of Supremacy 1559 – The only supreme governor of this realmin spiritual and ecclesiastical matters. No Pope, less offensivelanguage.

Act of Uniformity – The Prayer Book of Edward VI revised and ordered used.The Forty-two Articles changed to Thirty-nine Articles in 1563.

These changes “ . . . clearly aimed at maximum inclusiveness within the limits of uniformity and loyalty.”

The Elizabethan SettlementThe Middle Way

The prayer against the Pope dropped.

The matter of the bodily presence in the communion left an open question.

The removal of the prohibition to kneel at the Lord’s Supper.

Article VI: Of the Sufficiency of the holy Scriptures for salvationHoly Scripture containeth all things necessary to salvation: so that whatsoever

is not read therein, nor may be proved thereby, is not to be required of any man, that it should be believed as an article of the Faith, or be thought requisite or necessary to salvation. In the name of the holy Scripture, we do understand those Canonical books of the Old and New Testament, of whose authority was

never any doubt in the Church.

They are divided (according to command of Queen Elizabeth I) into four sections:

Articles 1-8, "The Catholic Faith"Articles 9-18, "Personal Religion“Articles 19-31, "Corporate Religion“Articles 32-39, "Miscellaneous."

The 39 Articles

Article VII: Of the Old TestamentThe Old Testament is not contrary to the New: for both in the Old and New Testament everlasting life is offered to Mankind by Christ, who is the only

Mediator between God and Man, being both God and Man. Wherefore there are not to be heard which feign that the old Fathers did look only for transitory

promises. Although the Law given from God by Moses, as touching Ceremonies and Rites, do not bind Christian men, nor the Civil precepts thereof ought of

necessity to be received in any commonwealth; yet, notwithstanding, no Christian man whatsoever is free from the obedience of the Commandments

which are called Moral.

Article IX: Of Original or Birth-Sin Original Sin standeth not in the following of Adam, (as the Pelagians do vainly

talk), but it is the fault and corruption of the Nature of every man, that naturally is ingendered of the offspring of Adam; whereby man is very far gone from original righteousness, and is of his own nature inclined to evil, so that the flesh lusteth

always contrary to the spirit; and therefore in every person born into this world, it deserveth God's wrath and damnation. And this infection of nature doth remain, yea, in them that are regenerated; whereby the lust of the flesh, called in Greek, phronema sarkos, which some do expound the wisdom, some sensuality, some the affection, some the desire, of the flesh, is not subject to the Law of God. And although there is no condemnation for them that believe and are baptized, yet the Apostle doth confess, that concupiscence and lust hath of itself the nature of sin.

Article XI: Of the Justification of Man We are accounted righteous before God, only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour

Jesus Christ by Faith, and not for our own works or deservings: Wherefore, that we are justified by Faith only is a most wholesome Doctrine, and very full of

comfort, as more largely is expressed in the Homily of Justification.

Article XXII: Of PurgatoryThe Romish Doctrine concerning Purgatory, Pardons, Worshipping, and

Adoration as well of Images as of Reliques, and also invocation of Saints, is a fond thing vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but

rather repugnant to the Word of God.

Philip Schaff best summarized the main characteristics of the Articles as follows:

[They] are Catholic in the ecumenical doctrines of the Holy Trinity and the Incarnation, especially drawing upon the Lutheran Augsburg and Wurtemberg Confessions. They are Augustinian in the anthropological and soteriological doctrines of free-will, sin and grace… They are Protestant and evangelical in rejecting the peculiar errors and abuses of Rome….They are Reformed Calvinistic in the two doctrines of Predestination and the Lord’s Supper…[and] they are Erastian in the political sections…. Hence the Articles original historical context is the sixteenth century Protestant Reformation, and not just the English Reformation but the Continental Reformation as well.

The Articles taught those doctrines of Scripture and tradition, justification by faith, faith and good works, the Church, and the number of the sacraments, which Luther, Zwingli and Calvin held in common.

J.I. Packer has ably refuted the old saw that the Articles

are ambiguous and equivocal. “On the main points of contention with Roman

Catholicism they are indeed crystal clear. Scripture is clearly identified as the

supreme rule of faith and other essential matters follow: the fact of human

depravity; the Biblical understanding of justification (what Luther aptly labeled

the doctrine on which the church stands or falls); the doctrine of assurance;

the meaning and purpose of the sacraments. On the flip side of the coin,

they are also admirably clear in their negative teaching—i.e., their rejection

of medieval tenets: purgatory, transubstantiation, denying the cup to the laity,

the sacrifice of the mass and several others. What one often forgets is that

they are also very clear about what Anabaptist distinctives they repudiate:

Pelagianism, deprecating the sacraments, rejecting infant baptism,

inattention to the order of the church visible and other matters.”

The Elizabethan SettlementThe Results

Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth.

The Catholic Church planned to recapture England through a Jesuit coupElizabeth executed 125 disloyal Jesuit priests.

Philip of Spain recruited by the Pope to destroy Elizabeth.

1588 – The Spanish Armada defeated, establishing England aschampion of European Protestantism. The defeat of the SpanishArmada ended threat of Catholic intervention and left Englishcrown to deal with the threat of Puritanism. It also opened the high seas.

Beginning of Current Irish (who remained Catholic) English struggle.

An English state church established.

Henry VIII’s Tudor nobility formed from the middle class.

The Abbots, who lost their lands and position created a vacuum concerningcare of the poor. The State stepped in surplanting the church and the beginning gov’t welfare.

The Anglican Reformation brought the Bible to the English people.

England will become the champion of Protestantism and become thegreatest deterrence to Roman Catholicism’s spread in the Age ofExpansion.

The Anglican Reformation demonstrates the great danger of a statechurch.

Puritanism’s desire to enforce their view of church polity and theology with the arm of the state is a denial of the gospel method they lovedso much.

Lessons from the Anglican Reformation