cinematography 1

832019 Cinematography 1

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How would you define a good picture



Shall we say a good picture is one

that can hold your attentionfor a longer duration













DSCs cost as little as Rs 4000



Body A light-tight compartment to house the recording medium (filmor CCD)

Lens A transparent element to focus light rays onto the recordingmedium

Aperture A method of controlling how much light reaches therecording medium

Shutter A method of controlling how long the recording medium isexposed to the incoming light

Viewfinder A way to see the image that is to be captured Transport In film cameras a method of moving the film and holding

it in the correct position



A beginner can very well do with a 5 MPDSC (digital still camera) with which youcan print pictures measuring up to 10 x 12inches (A4 size)

The cost of a 5MP camera now is about Rs

3500 A memory card of 1GB (about 750pictures) costs about Rs 400



An invertedimage is formed

inside thecamera on thelight-sensitivesurfaceLens Subject

Invertedimage formed

on the chip

he chip



Small iris lets less Bigger iris letslight in more light in



The iris is located in between the lenselements

The iris blades inbetween the lens elements



A shutter opens for a brief duration andcloses to make an exposure

1 sec 2 sec 4 sec 8 sec




A slow shutter speed means the shutter isopen for a longer duration Very loosely ifthe shutter is open for a longer period than115th of a second it is working at slowspeed The shutter can also be open forlonger durations like 123 or even 30

seconds in order to make sufficientexposure



At slower shutter speeds the image can getblurred if it is moving Also the entireimage will look blurred due to the instability

of the camera while taking hand-heldpictures

It is possible to get sharpcrisp images atslower shutter speeds if the camera ismounted on a tripod and if the subject isstill like an inanimate object











The exposure is a combination of the irisand the shutter In other words it is thecombination of intensity and duration

The exposure can work in differentcombinations Lesser intensity can beexposed for a longer duration to getsufficient exposure or more intensity can

be exposed for a shorter period to get thesame exposure









The camera lens focuses the image on thechip depending upon the distance from thecamera If the lens has focused a subject

which is at a distance of say 10ft then thesubjects which are closer or farther fromthe 10ft mark will be out of focus



The DSCs are capable of adjusting thefocus as well as the exposure when theshutter release button is pressed half way

down The digital display also tells you atwhat shutteriris combination the picturewill be taken



The photographer has to check for theshutter speed in order to get sharp imagesAny shutter speed which is more than

115th of a second will be end inblurredunsharp images

REMEMBER The higher the number the

sharper the picture is



Slower shutter speeds are needed whenthe light is insufficient Moving the subjectto a brighter area will lead to faster shutter

speeds You can also increase the ISO attimes



Do not take a picture of the subject themoment you see it Just go around andsee where it looks best from Every

subject will look better from one anglecompared to another



A well composed picture makes a goodimpact Remember there can be anyamount of automation in cameras but

composing a picture is creative which canonly be done by the photographer



International organization for standards Earlierknown as ASA (American Standards Assn)ISO refers to the sensitivity of the film or the

CCDCMOS In other words a higher ISOnumber (400 compared to 100) will be able toget pictures in lesser light However as the ISOis increased the picture quality deteriorates



ISO 400

ISO 1000

At ISO 400 the picture is lessgrainy

At ISO 1000 it is a very grainypicture



Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600



Polaroid at ISO 50

Polaroid at ISO 400



Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600



The image quality also depends on the format sizeThere are 3 commonly used formats

The full-frame format

36mm x 24mm

Eg Canon DS Mark III 5D Mark II Nikon D3 D3X and D700




The APS (advanced photo system) format

16mm x 24mm




The micro four-thirds format

The name is derived from the43 format of TV as the sensors

are 43 in dimension Size 13 x17 mm



Full frame APS Micro 43









Red eye reduction in cameras The camera fires afew flashes before the actual exposure so as toconstrict the iris in the eye thus reducing

the red eye phenomenon However keeping this onwill also drain the battery faster So it has to be used

judiciously



The macro feature is meant for close-up photographyA flower icon pops up when it is enabledThis enables the autofocus to focus

on the subject that is veryclose to the camera Rememberthat the macro option will not workat the telephoto end The macro shouldbe disabled while taking distant pictures



The frame should be splitinto three equal parts bothhorizontally and verticallyOne-third or two-thirds

from the right andsimilarly on the verticalwill be ideal points forcomposing in a frame A

subject composed heremakes better impact















Make sure the background is not brighterthan the subject

Make sure the shutter speed is higher than

130th of a second while shootinghandheld

Follow compositional rules before taking a

picture



























































on the chip

he chip









































































ISO 400

ISO 1000





Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600



Polaroid at ISO 50

Polaroid at ISO 400



Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600





36mm x 24mm






16mm x 24mm




















judiciously




























picture





















































































ISO 400

ISO 1000





Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600



Polaroid at ISO 50

Polaroid at ISO 400



Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600





36mm x 24mm






16mm x 24mm




















judiciously




























picture















Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600



Polaroid at ISO 50

Polaroid at ISO 400



Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600





36mm x 24mm






16mm x 24mm




















judiciously




























picture















Polaroid at ISO 50

Polaroid at ISO 400



Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600





36mm x 24mm






16mm x 24mm




















judiciously




























picture















Nikon at ISO 200

Nikon at ISO 1600





36mm x 24mm






16mm x 24mm




















judiciously




























picture

















36mm x 24mm






16mm x 24mm




















judiciously




























picture

















16mm x 24mm




















judiciously




























picture
































judiciously




























picture








































picture













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