cinquecento italy

Cinquecento Italian Art

THEME: PMA Pyramid

P

M

A

THE MASTERS•Leonardo da Vinci: inventor, naturalist, and painter of the soul

•Donato Bramante: the Pope’s architect

•Michelangelo Buonarroti: sculptor with divine power

•Raphael Raffaelo Sanzio: the true painter

16th century Europe-Humanism lives on: inspires exploration of new ideas, the natural world and distant lands

- Geography and Cartography- Printing Press – LITERACY!- Travel – international community

-On going shifts in alliances among Italian city-states, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France and the papacy

- Popes act like princes! $$$$- Protestant Reformation – Julius the II and the sale of indulgences,

Reformation initiated by Martin Luther’s 95 These

-The artistic GENIUS- Intellectual influence - Mostly men- Generous commissions and high social status - Divinely inspired

2 BIG CHANGES: switch from tempera to oil & commissions from private sources, no solely the Church, court or civic associations

What’s the difference between Early Renaissance and High Renaissance art?

Verrocchio’s Baptism of Christ

The transcendent

divinity of trecento Italy

+

The reality and solidity of

quattrocento Italy

Leonardo da Vinci

Virgin of the Rocks

ca. 1485oil on wood6 ft. 3 in. x 3 ft. 7 in.

Leonardo da Vinci – the Renaissance man

-Born in Vinci, trained under Verrocchio-Moved to Florence at 12 or 13-Spent much of his life in Milan working on

military and civil engineering projects

Chiaroscuro Sfumato

Leonardo da Vinci

Virgin and Child with St. Anne and the Infant St. John

ca. 1505-07charcoal heightened with white on brown paper4 ft. 6 in. x 3 ft. 3 in.

Leonardo da Vinci

The Last Supper

Refectory, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy

ca. 1495-98fresco (oil and tempera on plaster)29 ft. 10 in. x 13 ft. 9 in.

In the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

Leonardo da Vinci

Mona Lisa (La Giaconda)

ca. 1503-1505oil on wood2 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 9 in.

Leonardo the mathematician, engineer, botanist, scientist, inventor, geologist, etc.

Water studies

anatomy

Military engineer

“Grotesque Profile”

Leonardo da Vinci

Embryo in the Womb

ca. 1510pen and ink on paper

Raphael

Marriage of the Virgin

Chapel of Saint Joseph in Città di Castello near Florence, Italy

1504oil on wood5 ft. 7 in. x 3 ft. 10 1/2 in.

Pope Julius II

Raphael

Madonna of the Meadows

1505oil on panel3 ft. 8 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 10 1/4 in.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=tK_LhRsF-xs#!

Raphael

Philosophy (School of Athens)

Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Palace, Rome, Italy

1509-11frescoapproximately 19 x 27 ft.

Raphael

Galatea

Sala di Galatea, Villa Farnesina Rome, Italy

1513fresco9 ft. 8 in. x 7 ft. 5 in.

Raphael

Baldassare Castiglione

ca. 1514oil on wood transferred to canvas2 ft. 6 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 2 1/2 in.

Courtier - A person who attends a royal court as a companion or adviser to the king or queen

How is this expressed in his portrait?

MICHELANGELO, Il Divino Master sculptor, painter and architect

-Born Michelangelo Buonarroti - Studied under Ghirlandaio and

Bertoldo di Giovanni

-Parallels Plato’s ideas:- The image the artist’s hand

produces must come from the artist’s mind

- Ideas come from the natural world, absolute idea of beauty

-Michelangelo didn’t adhere to a set of mathematical principles (I.e. Leonardo’s Vetruvian Man), but believed the artist’s inspired judgment could create beauty

Michelangelo

Pieta

1498-1500

marble5’ 8” high

ATTACK on the Pietá!!

http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/21-1972-michelangelos-pieta-damaged-13472122

Michelangelo Buonarroti

David

1501-1504marble14 ft. 3 in. high

Pope Julius II – the ultimate art patron

-Associated himself with humanists and great Roman emperors

Commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt his elaborate tomb -Design called for a freestanding 2-story structure covered with figures (some 28 statues)

- Gives Michelangelo opportunity to sculpt many figures

- Provides Julius II with a grandiose memorial that would associate him with the first pope, St. Peter himself

Eventually reduced the scale of the design, 1/3 the original plan


Moses

San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, Italy

ca. 1513-1515marbleapproximately 8 ft. 4 in. high

Compare to Donatello’s seated figure


Bound Slave

1513-1516marble6 ft. 10 1/2 in. high

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTBjRrXvJiMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZyCI9LYtY8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTBjRrXvJiM

Sistine Chapel (view facing west)

Vatican City, Rome, Italy

built 1473

Sistine Chapel (view facing east)


built 1473


Sistine Chapel Ceiling


1508-12frescoapproximately 128 x 45 ft.

Sistine Chapel Ceiling - Christ’s ancestors


Creation of Adam, Sistine Chapel Ceiling


1511-12frescoapproximately 18 ft. 8 in. x 9 ft. 2 in.

Cleaning of, Sistine Chapel Ceiling


1977-1989


Drunkenness of Noah, Sistine Chapel Ceiling (pre-restoration)


1511-12fresco


Drunkenness of Noah, Sistine Chapel Ceiling (post-restoration)


1511-12fresco

Sistine Chapel (view facing east)


built 1473

The Sistine Chapel and the Counter-Reformation-What was the Counter-Reformation?

- Backlash by popes of Protestant ideologies

- Popes are well aware of the power of visual imagery

-Protestantism believes in personal faith, relationship between an individual and God

- No need for the church!

-Paul III (successor of Clement VII) commissioned “Last Judgment” wall


Last Judgment


1537-41fresco

Signorelli’s Last Judgment


Tomb of Giuliano de’Medici

Medici Chapel, San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy

1519-1534marblecentral figure approximately 5 ft. 11 in. high

Donato d’Angelo Bramante

Tempietto

San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, Italy

1502

Donato d’Angelo Bramante

Plan for the new Saint Peter’s

1505

Christoforo Foppa Caradosso

Medal showing Bramante’s design for the new Saint Peter’s

1506


plan for Saint Peter’s


1546


elevation for Saint Peter’s


1546-1564

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

Palazzo Farnese

Rome, Italy

ca. 1530-1546

Quoins

Andrea Palladio

Villa Rotunda

near Vicenza, Italy

ca. 1566-1570https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvq1cYDqd0U

Andrea Palladio

Villa Rotunda

near Vicenza, Italy

ca. 1566-1570

Andrea Palladio

west façade ofSan Giorgio Maggiore

Venice, Italy

begun 1565

Andrea Palladio

interior ofSan Giorgio Maggiore

Venice, Italy

begun 1565

Venetian Painting

Giovanni Bellini

San Zaccaria Altarpiece

Santa Zaccaria, Venice, Italy

1505oil on wood transferred to canvas16 ft. 5 in. x 7 ft. 9 in.

Giovanni Bellini and Titian

The Feast of the Gods

1529oil on canvas5 ft. 7 in. x 6 ft. 2 in.

Colorito vs

Disegno

Giorgionne da Castelfranco

Pastoral Symphony

ca. 1508oil on canvas3 ft. 7 in. x 4 ft. 6 in.

Giorgionne da Castelfranco

The Tempest

ca. 1510oil on canvas2 ft. 7 in. x 2 ft. 4 3/4 in.

Titian

Assumption of the Virgin

Santa Maria Gloriosa del Frari, Venice, Italy

ca. 1516-1518oil on wood22 ft. 6 in. x 11 ft. 10 in.

Titian

Madonna of the Pesaro Family

Santa Maria dei Frari, Venice, Italy

1519-1526oil on canvasapproximately 16 x 9 ft.

Titian

Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne

1522-1523oil on canvas5 ft. 9 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.

Titian

Venus of Urbino

1538oil on canvas4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in.

Titian

Isabella d’Este

1534-36oil on canvas3 ft. 4 1/8 in. x 2 ft. 1 3/16 in.

What role did women play in the Renaissance?

Tintoretto

Miracle of the Slave

1548oil on canvas14 x 18 ft.

Giulio Romano

Interior courtyard façadeof the Palazzo del Tè

Mantua, Italy

1525-1535

cinquecento italy

Documents

michelangelo didnt

michelangelo opportunity

sistine chapel view

sistine chapel ceiling

westvatican city

eastvatican city

high renaissance art

oil commissions