circling app.pdf

Circling

Presented byDavid Owens / Senior Director Training Policy

17th Flight Safety Conference Rome, 21-24 March 2011

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

17th Flight Safety Conference

• What is the issue?

• What are the rules?

• How should we fly a circle to land?

• Conclusions

Content

Rome, 21-24 March 2011



What is the issue?

•Circling approach is nothing new – always a challenge•Used to be frequent and normal operations•Today, not as frequent and no longer recurrent training for everyone•Is this a risk?




45°

What is a circling approach?

“When landing runway is different from instrument approach RWY”







• Conclusions

Content




45°45°

Circling approach rulesRome, 21-24 March 2011



45°

Circling approach rulesRome, 21-24 March 2011



45°

What about the missed approach?Rome, 21-24 March 2011






• Conclusions

Content




Rules – especially protected area FAA vs JAA

Reference source Airbus. FCOM, FCTM, BG

Airbus published references

45°




Standard Circling Approach

Approach preparation

• Chart – protected area/terrain• Approach configuration / MDA• Preparation of SEC F-PLN (Copy active,

change runway to actual landing runway)• Optimum use of ND

45°




45°

Standard Circling ApproachRome, 21-24 March 2011




Instrument Approach

• Gear down, conf 3• For an ILS use FD in HDG/VS• NPA = TRK/FPA

45°




45°


At MDA for circlingLevel off and fly not lower than MDA

(Anticipation, use of AP)• Push to level off or press ALT• Select TRK/FPA• Arm 45 degree track• If visual: join downwind (visual?)• Pull HDG for track• If not visual; Go-around

45°

The pilot is able to determine his aircraft’s position in relation to

the runway with the aid of the external

references. IEM to Appendix 1 to JAR-OPS

1.430, 4.2 and 3.2





Timing for Circling

• 30 seconds from wings level• Adjust for strong Head or Tail wind• Use of ND• Visual exercise – timings are approximate

45°45°




45°

When the secondary flight plan is activated, the validmissed approach procedure is no longer available.

In case of GO AROUND, it must be flown in SELECTED mode as briefed.

NAV

Standard Circling ApproachDownwind

• Maintain visual (Lateral distance and Track)• Adjust Track for wind as necessary• Activate SEC F-PLN (Keep DISCONTINUITY)• Disconnect AP and remove FD when appropriate

(at the latest before any further descent)

45°




ABM


Downwind Abeam• Start time abeam threshold (3 sec per 100 ft)• What about airspeed/tail wind?• Visual exercise – timings are approximate• Use ND

45°45°




•2.5 Nm offset?•Position downwind?•Track downwind?•Abeam Threshold?•Tailwind for timing?•Crosswind?•Terrain?

Use of ND for Situational Awareness

45°45°

VISUAL, all timings are approximate, use ND as a guide ONLY





Final turn

• Initially, maintain 25° bank • Maintain altitude until runway threshold identified• Set LDG configuration when appropriate• Stable by 400ft AAL

45°45°




45°


45°

400 ft AAL stabilized




45°45°


400 ft AAL stabilized

It is expected that the pilot will make an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway and overhead the aerodrome where he will establish the aeroplane in a climb on the missed approach track.IEM to Appendix 1 to JAR-OPS 1.430, 3.1




45°

Be aware of exceptions

Remember, in case of missed approach…

Always fly the go-around of the initial instrument approach.

Pilot is expected to manoeuvre to enable this but always within the protected area

45°




What about Engine Out?

In case of Engine Out…

• All aircraft – ref QRH

• Check table for weight (320/330)

• Delay gear

45°45°

If the approach is flown at less than 750 ft RA, the “L/G NOT DOWN” warning will be triggered – can be cancelled.

The “TOO LOW GEAR” warning will be triggered below 500 ft RA.

NAV




45°

Use of NAV?

Standard circle to land is visual,

NO Pilot WPTs

NO NAV

NO AP below Circling minima

NAV

45°







• Conclusions

Content




Conclusion

•Airbus recommends all operators examine their operation and training regarding circling approach •What about RNP?

45°




© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by thedelivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not beused for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supportinggrounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.


circling app.pdf

Documents