circuit analysis lab

Stani Memorial College of Engineering And Technology, PhagiElectrical Engineering

3EE8A Electrical Circuit Lab Manual

LAB MANUAL

Subject Code: 3EE8A

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT LAB

(II B. Tech III Semester EE)

Established in year 2000

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

STANI MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,PHAGI, JAIPUR – 303005

Website: www.smcet.in

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http://www.smcet.in/



3EE8A ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT LAB

SYLLABUS

1. Draw the circuit symbols.2. Verify theorems for A. C. & D. C. circuits.3. PSPICE Programs for Circuit Analysis:

A. DC: Analysis resistor networks to determine node voltages, components voltages, and component currents.

B. DC: Analysis of resistor networks that have several voltage and current sources and variable load resistors.

C. Transient: Analysis of RC & RL circuits to produce tables of component voltage & current levels for a given set of time instants & to produce graphs of voltages & currents versus time.

D. AC: Analysis of impedance networks to determine the magnitude & phase of node voltages, components voltages and component currents.

4. Determine the magnitude & phase and component voltages and currents in resonant circuits & produce voltage and current verses frequency graphs.

5. Programs for Circuit Analysis:A. Calculate the resistance of a conductor, given its dimensions

& resistivity or determine the change in conductor resistance when the temp changes.

B. D.C.: Analysis of resistor networks to determine all junction voltages, component voltages, and component currents.

C. Transient: Analysis RC & RL circuits to produce tables of component voltage & current levels for a given set of time instants.

6. Convert Y-connected resistor networks to delta-connected circuits.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 1

Aim: - Draw the circuit symbols.

Apparatus Required: - Resistors, Capacitors, Transistor, Diode, Batteries, single cell, multi-cell Inductor, Transformer

Theory:-

1 Resistors

2 Potentiometer:

3 Capacitors

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NPN Transistor

5PNP transistor

6n-channel junction gate field-effect

transistor (JFET)

7p-channel junction gate field-effect

transistor (JFET)

8Field-effect transistor

9Diode

10Zener diode

11Tunnel diode

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12Schottky diode

13Light Emitting Diode (LED)

14Photodiode

15Varicap

16Vacuum tube diode

17Vacuum tube triode

18Vacuum tube tetrode

19Vacuum tube pentode

20Switch, Single Pole/Single Throw

(SPST)

21Switch, Single Pole/Double Throw

(SPDT)

22Switch, Double Pole/Double Throw

(DPDT)

23Batteries, single cell, multi-cell

24Inductor

25Transformer, with center tap

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26Silicon-controlled rectifier

27Fuse: IEC (top) and American (lower

two)

28Shielded Wire

29Tie Point

30Ground Connection

31Ground Chassis

32Connecter

33Push Button

34Manually operated Switch (Normally

Opened and Closed )

35Circuit Breaker

36Relay Coil

37Transformer

38Tachometer

Circuit Diagram:-

Precaution :-

1. Do not touch any live conductor.

2. Study the symbol of element very carefully.

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Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Result:- Drawing the circuit symbol has been done.

References:-

1. Circuit Theory (A. Chakrabarti)2. http://www.allbookez.com/chakrabarti-circuit-theory/

Viva voice Question:-

Q.1 what is the role of transformer ?

Q.2 which quantity is measured by Tachometer?

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EXPERIMENT NO. 2

Aim:- Verify theorems for A. C. & D. C. circuits.

Apparatus Required:- Resistance, capacitor, AC source ,DC source, inductance etc.

Theory:-

Circuit Diagram:-

1. Simulation for DC Theorems:-

Fig. 1:- Simulation Diagram

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2. Simulation for AC Theorem:-

Fig 2:-Circuit diagram for Simulation.

Precaution:-

1. Connection should be proper. Loose connection is not allowed.2. Do not touch any live wire or part.3. Before switch on the supply, the connection should be checked by lab assistant.4. Do not damage the terminals of part or wire etc.

Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Observation Table I:-

S. No. Component Name Component Value1 DC Volt. Source (V) 100 Volt.2 Resistance (R1) 10 Ohm3 Resistance (R2) 30 Ohm4 Resistance (R3) 12 Ohm5 Resistance (R4) 60 Ohm

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Observation Table II:-

S. No. Compnent Name Component Value1 AC Voltage Source (v) 100 volt., 50 Hz.2 Resistance (R1) 10 Ohm3 Resistance (R2) 12 Ohm4 Inductor (L1) 0.16 H5 Capaciter (C1) 0.0062 F

Result:- We have successfully Verified theorems for A. C. & D. C. circuits.

Simulation Results:-

S. No. Component Name Volt. Drop Current 1 Resistance (R1) 28.81 Volt. 2.881 Amp.2 Resistance (R2) 50.85 Volt. 1.695 Amp.3 Resistance (R3) 20.34 Volt. 1.695 Amp.4 Resistance (R4) 71.19 Volt. 1.186 Amp.

Fig.3: (a) Volt. and Current in Resistance R1, (b) Volt. and Current in Inductor L1.

Fig. 4: (a) Volt. and Current in Resistance R2 (b) Volt. and Current in Capacitor C1.

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References:-

1. Circuit Theory (A. Chakrabarti)2. http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff1/hatz/ECE235/ECE235LabManual.pdf

Viva voice Question:-

Q. 1 Give the statement of Superposition Theorem.

Q. 2 State the Nortan Theorems.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 3

Aim:- DC-analyze resistor networks to determine node voltages, components voltages, and component currents.


Theory:-

Circuit Parameter:-

S. No. Component Name Component Value1 DC Volt. Source (V) 100 Volt.2 Resistance (R1) 10 Ohm3 Resistance (R2) 30 Ohm4 Resistance (R3) 12 Ohm5 Resistance (R4) 60 Ohm

Circuit Diagram:-

Fig. 1:- Simulation Diagram

Precaution:-

1. Connection should be proper. Loose connection is not allowed.2. Do not touch any live wire or part.

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3. Before switch on the supply, the connection should be checked by lab assistant.4. Do not damage the terminals of part or wire etc.

Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Results:-


S. No. Component Name Volt. Drop Current 1 Resistance (R1) 28.81 Volt. 2.881 Amp.2 Resistance (R2) 50.85 Volt. 1.695 Amp.3 Resistance (R3) 20.34 Volt. 1.695 Amp.4 Resistance (R4) 71.19 Volt. 1.186 Amp.

References:-


Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 Give the statement of KVL.

Q.2 Make the circuit symbol of Zener Diode.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 4

Aim:- Analyze resistor networks that have several voltage and current sources and variable load resistors.


Theory:-

Circuit Parameters:-

S. No Component Component Value1 Voltage Source (V1) 20 Volt.2 Voltage Source (V2) 10 Volt.3 Voltage Source (V3) 100 Amp.4 Current Source (I1) 2 Amp.5 Current Source (I2) 1 Amp.6 Resistance (R1) 6 Ohm7 Resistance (R2) 5 Ohm8 Resistance (R3) 12 Ohm9 Resistance (R4) 2 Ohm10 Resistance (R5) 10 Ohm11 Resistance (R6) 30 Ohm12 Resistance (R7) 20 Ohm13 Resistance (RL) 10 Ohm

Circuit Diagram:-

Fig.1:-Simulation diagram of the circuit

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Precaution:-


Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Results:- We have performed the experiment and obtained load current value 1.355.

References:-


Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 Give the statement of KCL.

Q.2 Make the Circuit symbol of Variable capacitance.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 5

Aim:- Transient –analyze RC & RL circuits to produce tables of component voltage & current levels for a given set of time instants & to produce graphs of voltages & currents versus time.


Theory:-

Circuit parameters:-

S. No. Component Name Component value / Rating1 Battery 4 Volt.2 Resistance (R) 8 Ohm3 Inductance (L) 18 mH

S. No. Component Name Component value / Rating1 Battery 4 Volt.2 Resistance (R) 8 Ohm3 Capacitance (C) 1 mF

Circuit Diagram:-

RL transient Circuit:

Fig. 1:- Circuit for R-L transient

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RC Transient Circuit:-

Fig. 3: Simulation Circuit for R-C Transient.

Precaution:-


Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Results:- We have analyzed RC & RL circuits to produce tables of component voltage & current levels for a given set of time instants & to produce graphs of voltages & currents versus time.

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Fig. 2:-Simulation result for R-L transient (a) Current through the circuit. (b) Voltage across inductor. (c) Voltage across Resistance.

Fig. 4:-Simulation result for R-C transient (a) Current through the circuit. (b) Voltage across capacitor. (c) Voltage across Resistance.

References:-

1. Circuit Theory (A. Chakrabarti)2. http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff1/hatz/LabManual.pdf

Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 Give the statement of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

Q.2 Make the Circuit symbol of CRO.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 6

Aim:- AC-analyze impedance networks to determine the magnitude & phase of node voltages, components voltages and component currents.


Theory:-


S. No. Compnent Name Component Value1 AC Voltage Source (v) 100 volt., 50 Hz.2 Resistance (R1) 10 Ohm3 Resistance (R2) 12 Ohm4 Inductor (L1) 0.16 H5 Capaciter (C1) 0.0062 F

Circuit Diagram:-

Fig 1:-Circuit diagram for Simuliation.

Precaution:-


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Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Results:- We have analyzed impedance networks to determine the magnitude & phase of node voltages, components voltages and component currents


Fig. 2: (a) Volt. and Current in Resistance R1, (b) Volt. and Current in Inductor L1.

Fig. 3: (a) Volt. and Current in Resistance R2 (b) Volt. and Current in Capacitor C1.

References:-

1. Circuit Theory (A. Chakrabarti)

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2. Hayt&Kemmerly, “Engineeirng Circuit Analysis”, 6/e (TMH)

Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 Give the statement of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

Q.2 Make the Circuit symbol of CRO.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 7

Aim:- Determine the magnitude & phase and component voltages and currents in resonant circuits & produce voltage and current v/s frequency graphs.


Theory:-


S. No Component Component Value1 Source Voltage 2302 Resistance (R) 60 Ohm3 Inductance (L) 0.01 H4 Capacitance (C) 0.0010 F

Circuit Diagram:-

Fig.1:-Simulation diagram of the circuit.

Precaution:-

1. Connection should be proper. Loose connection is not allowed.2. Do not touch any live wire or part.3. Before switch on the supply, the connection should be checked by lab assistant.

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4. Do not damage the terminals of part or wire etc.

Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Results:- We have Determined the magnitude & phase and component voltages and currents in resonant circuits & produce voltage and current v/s frequency graphs.

Fig 2:- Output of vl and vc ((output of scope).

Fig. 3:- Current in circuit (output of scope1).

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Fig 4:- Volt across resistance (output of scope 2).

References:-

1. Circuit Theory (A. Chakrabarti)2. http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff1/hatz/LabManual.pdf

Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 Give the statement of Maxwell Theorem.

Q.2 Make the Circuit symbol of Diode.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 8

Aim:- Calculate the resistance of a conductor given it’s dimension and resistivity, also determine the change in conductor when the temp. changes.

Apparatus Required:- Power supply, Turbo C++.

Theory:-

Program:-%Calculate the resistance of a conductor given it’s dimension and%resistivity, also determine the change in conductor when the temp. %changes.clcclearch=1;while (ch==1) disp('1 if Resistivity, length, Cross Section Area is Given and 2 if Temp.') disp(' coefficient, Old Temp. Resistance, Temp Difference given') choice=input('Enter your choice: '); switch (choice) case 1 ro = input('Enter the value of conductor resistivity(in ohm/m^2): '); l = input('enter the value of length (in meter): '); A = input('enter the value of area (in meter^2): '); R = ro*l*A ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 '); case 2 t1 = input('enter value of initial temperature(in degree celcious): '); t2 = input('enter value of final temperature (in degree celcious): '); t = t2 - t1; r1 = input('resistance at temp. t1 (in ohm): '); a= input('enter value of temperature co-efficient: '); disp('resistance at t2 (in ohm): ') R2 = r1*(1+(a*t)) ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 '); otherwise disp('Incorrect input argument, to find parameter please run program again') disp('Thanks Program by ASHOK KUMAR') ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 '); endend

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Circuit Diagram:-

Precaution:-

1. Do not tamper with software settings.

Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Results:-

Output

1 if Resistivity, length, Cross Section Area is Given and 2 if Temp.

coefficient, Old Temp. Resistance, Temp Difference given

Enter your choice: 1

Enter the value of conductor resistivity(in ohm/m^2): 0.00043

enter the value of length (in meter): 2

enter the value of area (in meter^2): 5

R =

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0.0043

If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 1

1 if Resistivity, length, Cross Section Area is Given and 2 if Temp.

cofficient, Old Temp. Resistance, Temp Difference given


enter value of initial temperature(in degree celcious): 37

enter value of final temperature (in degree celcious): 54

resistance at temp. t1 (in ohm): 2

enter value of temperature co-efficient: 3

resistance at t2 (in ohm):

R2 =

104


>>

References:-


Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 what is dependency of temp on the resistance?

Q.2 Make the Circuit symbol of Temp Dependent Resistance.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 9

Aim :- D.C.-analyze resistor networks to determine all junction voltages, component voltages, and component currents.


Theory:-

Program:-

%This Program calculate:-%D.C.-analyze resistor networks to determine all junction voltages, %component voltages, and component currents. clcclear% First Input all circuit papametersV=input('Enter the value of source voltage (In Volt.) = ');R1=input('Enter the value of Resistance R1 (In Ohm)) = ');R2=input('Enter the value of Resistance R2 (In Ohm)) = ');R3=input('Enter the value of Resistance R3 (In Ohm)) = ');R4=input('Enter the value of Resistance R4 (In Ohm)) = ');%Now total current I in the circuit will be given by I=V/Req%and Req is given by Req=(R1+(R4*(R2+R3))/(R2+R3+R4))Req=(R1+(R4*(R2+R3))/(R2+R3+R4));I=V/Req;% From Current division rule current in R2 will be given by%I2=I*R4/(R2+R3+R4)I2=I*R4/(R2+R3+R4);% From Current division rule current in R2 will be given by%I2=I*(R2+R3)/(R2+R3+R4)I3=I*(R2+R3)/(R2+R3+R4);%Now Display all quantitydisp('Current through R1 is'), Idisp('Voltage across R1 is '), V1=I*R1disp('Current through R2 is'), I2disp('Voltage across R2 is '), V2=I2*R2disp('Current through R3 is'), I2disp('Voltage across R3 is '), V3=I2*R3disp('Current through R4 is'), I3disp('Voltage across R4 is '), V4=I3*R4disp('Node Voltage Vnode is '),Vnode=V4

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Circuit Diagram:-

Fig 1:-Reference Circuit for the program.

Precaution:-


Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Results:-

Enter the value of source voltage (In Volt.) = 100

Enter the value of Resistance R1 (In Ohm)) = 10




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Current through R1 is

I =

2.8814

Voltage across R1 is

V1 =

28.8136


I2 =

1.6949


V2 =

50.8475


I2 =

1.6949


V3 =

20.3390


I3 =

1.1864


V4 =

71.1864

Node Voltage Vnode is

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Vnode =

71.1864

>>

References:-


Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 what is Junction Voltage?

Q.2 Make the Circuit symbol of dependent voltage source.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 10

Aim:- Transient analysis RC & RL ckts to produce table of component volts and current levels for given set of your time interval.


Theory:-

Program:-%Transient analysis RC & RL ckts to produce table of component volts and %current levels for given set of your time interval.clcclearch=1;while (ch==1) disp('Enter 1 for R-L ckt or 2 for R-C ckt.') choice=input('Enter your choice: '); switch (choice) case 1 disp('Please enter circuit parameter for Series R-L circuit: ') R=input('Enter the value of circuit Resistance R (in Ohm): '); L=input('Enter the value of circuit Inductance L (in Henery): '); V=input('Enter the value of circuit Voltage V (in Volts.): '); t=input('Enter the value of Time t (in sec): '); I=(V/R)*(1-exp(-R*t/L)) VR=I*R VL=V-VR ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 '); case 2 disp('Please enter circuit parameter for Series R-C circuit: ') R=input('Enter the value of circuit Resistance R (in Ohm): '); C=input('Enter the value of circuit Inductance C (in Farad): '); V=input('Enter the value of circuit Voltage V (in Volts.): '); t=input('Enter the value of Time t (in sec): '); I=(V/R)*(1-exp(-R*t*C)) VR=I*R VC=V-VR ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 '); otherwise disp('Incorrect input argument, to find parameter please run program again') disp('Thanks Program by ASHOK KUMAR') ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 ');

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endenddisp('Thanks Program by XYZ')

Circuit Diagram:-

Precaution:-


Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Result:-

Enter 1 for R-L ckt or 2 for R-C ckt.


Please enter circuit parameter for Series R-L circuit:

Enter the value of circuit Resistance R (in Ohm): 10

Enter the value of circuit Inductance L (in Henery): .018

Enter the value of circuit Voltage V (in Volts.): 50

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Enter the value of Time t (in sec): .0032

I =

4.1549

VR =

41.5493

VL =

8.4507


Enter 1 for R-L ckt or 2 for R-C ckt.


Please enter circuit parameter for Series R-C circuit:

Enter the value of circuit Resistance R (in Ohm): 10

Enter the value of circuit Inductance C (in Farad): .018

Enter the value of circuit Voltage V (in Volts.): 50

Enter the value of Time t (in sec): .0032

I =

0.0029

VR =

0.0288

VC =

49.9712


disp('Thanks Program by XYZ)

>>

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References:-


Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 value of internal resistance of idea voltage source?

Q.2 Make the Circuit symbol of independent voltage source.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 11

Aim:- Convert Y-connected resistor networks to delta-connected circuits.


Theory:-

Program:-clcclearch=1;while (ch==1) choice=input('Enter your choice: 1 for Y-D and 2 for D-Y Transformation '); switch (choice) case 1 R1=input('Enter the value of resistance 1 '); R2=input('Enter the value of resistance 2 '); R3=input('Enter the value of resistance 3 '); R12=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2+R3) R23=(R2*R3)/(R1+R2+R3) R31=(R3*R1)/(R1+R2+R3) disp('Thanks Program by ASHOK KUMAR') ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 '); case 2 R12=input('Enter the value of resistance 12 '); R23=input('Enter the value of resistance 23 '); R31=input('Enter the value of resistance 31 '); R1=(R12*R23+R23*R31+R31*R23)/R23 R2=(R12*R23+R23*R31+R31*R23)/R31 R3=(R12*R23+R23*R31+R31*R23)/R12 disp('Thanks Program by XYZ) ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 '); otherwise disp('Incorrect input argument, to find parameter please run program again') disp('Thanks Program by XYZ) ch=input('If You want to calculate more, than enter 1 else 2 '); endend

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Circuit Diagram:-

Precaution:-


Procedure:-

Observation Table:-

Calculations:-

Result:-

Enter your choice: 1 for Y-D and 2 for D-Y Transformation 1

Enter the value of resistance 1 4



R12 =

1.3333

R23 =

1.3333

R31 =

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1.3333

Thanks Program by ASHOK KUMAR


Enter your choice: 1 for Y-D and 2 for D-Y Transformation 2




R1 =

12

R2 =

12

R3 =

12

Thanks Program by XYZ


References:-


Viva- Voice:-

Q.1 value of internal resistance of idea current source?

Q.2 Make the Circuit symbol of independent current source.

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