circuits lecture 1: overview 李宏毅 hung-yi lee. course information time: 09:10 - 10:00 wednesday...
TRANSCRIPT
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CircuitsLecture 1: Overview李宏毅 Hung-yi Lee
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Course Information
• Time: 09:10 - 10:00 Wednesday and 10:20 - 12:10 Friday
• Place: EE BL R112• Text Book: A. Bruce Carlson, ”Circuits: Engineering
concepts and analysis of linear electric circuits”, 2005
• Grade: 3 out of 4 quizzes [60%], Final [40%], No homework
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Scope and dates of the Exams (Temporary )• Quiz 1 (10/22)
• Circuit Variables and Laws (1.4, 1.5)• Properties of Resistive Circuits (2.3, 2.4, 2.5)• Applications of Resistive Circuits (3.2)• Systematic Analysis Methods (4.1, 4.2, 4.3)
• Quiz 2 (11/12)• Dynamic Circuit (5.3) , Transient response (9.1, 9.3, 9.4)
• Quiz 3 (12/24)• AC Circuits (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), AC Power (7.1, 7.2)
• Quiz 4 (01/07)• Frequency Response and Filters (11.1, 11.2, 11.4)
• Final (01/16)• All above• Laplace Transform Analysis (13.1, 13.2, 13.3)• Two-Port Networks (14.1, 14.2, 14.3)
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Instructor
• Name: 李宏毅 Hung-yi Lee• Office: EE Building II, R508• E-mail: [email protected]• Personal Webpage:
http://140.112.21.28/~tlkagk/homepage/• Lecture recording, slides and announce of exams
will both on ceiba and my personal webpage
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Outline
• Overview of Circuits• Chapter 1: Circuit Variables and Laws
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Outline
• Overview of Circuits• Chapter 1: Circuit Variables and Laws
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What are we going to learn?• Only one thing
• Given a circuit, what are the voltage, current and power consumed for an element?
• Have learned in high school?
• What is the difference for “Circuits” in university?
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What are we going to learn?• 1. Complex
• Example
(the first quiz)
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What are we going to learn?• 2. Different Kinds of Elements
Controlled Source
Operational Amplifier
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
Voltage Source
Current Source
orbattery
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What are we going to learn?• 3. Dynamic
HighSchool
ThisCourse
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What are we going to learn?• 4. New aspects
• Consider the circuits from the frequency domain
Time Domain Frequency Domain
Capacitor and inductor behave like resistor in frequency domain
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Outline
• Overview of Circuits• Chapter 1.4, 1.5
• Review what you have learned in high school
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Outline - Chapter 1
• 3 Variables: Current, Voltage, Power• 2 Elements: Resistor, Source• 2 Laws: KVL, KCL• Examples
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Outline - Chapter 1
• 3 Variables: Current, Voltage, Power• 2 Elements: Resistor, Source• 2 Laws: KVL, KCL• Examples
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• Current exists whenever charge flows• Current: the flow rate of charge
( Unit: Ampere (A) )
coulombs of charge pass
in seconds
Variable - Current
t
qi
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Variable - Current
Reference direction
Ai 10
Ai 10
Actual Current
A10
Actual Current
A10
In this course, current direction is “reference direction”
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Variable - Voltage
• When a unit charge moves from point A to point B, the energy it lose.
• Consumed (absorbed) by the elements on the path
• Need two points to define voltage
q
wvAB
A B
+q
Absorb
( Unit: Voltage (V) )
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• Potential: Voltage from one point to a reference point
Variable - Voltage
A
B
C
VvAB 10
VvBC 10
A
B
C
VvAB 10
VvBC 10
V10
V20 V01
V01-
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Variable - Voltage
V10 v
Vv 10
V10vAB
Reference direction
A
B
Actual High potential
In this course, voltage direction is “reference direction”
Actual High potential
Actual Low potential
Actual Low potential
A
B
A
B
High potential
Low potential V10vBA
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Variable - Power
• Consumed Power: The rate of losing energy for charge or the rate of consuming by elements
A Bq
wv
t
qi
+ - pt
q
q
wiv
t
wp
For using the formulation, reference current should flow from “+” to “-”(Passive polarity convention)
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Variable - Power
A B+ -
A2
V4
Supplied power = 8WConsumed Power = -8W
Negative consumed power = supplied power
Consumed Power p can be negative
v or i can be negative
ivp
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Outline - Chapter 1
• 3 Variables: Current, Voltage, Power• 2 Elements: Resistor, Source• 2 Laws: KVL, KCL• Examples
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Element - Resistor
• Ohm’s Law: The voltage and current are directly proportional to each other.
• When using Ohm’s Law, reference current should flow from “+” to “-”
R
vi
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Element – Sources
svVoltage Sources
Current Sources si
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Outline - Chapter 1
• 3 Variables: Current, Voltage, Power• 2 Elements: Resistor, Source• 2 Laws: KVL, KCL• Examples
![Page 26: Circuits Lecture 1: Overview 李宏毅 Hung-yi Lee. Course Information Time: 09:10 - 10:00 Wednesday and 10:20 - 12:10 Friday Place: EE BL R112 Text Book: A](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649d755503460f94a559da/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)• The sum of the current leaving any node equals the sum of
the current entering that node.
321 iii
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Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)• generalized
4321 iiii
bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
mAi 5.0
?i
mA10
mA5.10
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Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)• The sum of the voltage drops around any loop equals the
sum of the voltage rises.
svvv 21Loop 1Loop 2Loop 3
4253 vvvv 4531 vvvvv s
Loop 1 Loop 2 Loop 3sv
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Outline - Chapter 1
• 3 Variables: Current, Voltage, Power• 2 Elements: Resistor, Source• 2 Laws: KVL, KCL• Examples
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KVL and KCL – Example 1.9
Find the current and voltage of all elements.Systematic Solution:
Step 1. List all unknown variables and reference directionsIf there are N unknown variables, we need to list N independent equations.
Step 2. Use (a) Element Characteristics, (b) KCL and (c) KVL to list equations for unknown variables
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KVL and KCL – Example 1.9
Step 1. Label unknown variables and reference directions
1i 2i 3i
1v
2v
3v
7 unknown variables, so 7 independent equationsunknown variable: sivivivi ,,,,,, 332211
Goal: 7 independent equations
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KVL and KCL – Example 1.9
1i 2i 3i
1v
2v
3v
Step 2 (a) Characteristics of the elements
11 10iv 22 9iv 33 7iv 3824 i
Step 2 (b) KCL A: 321 iiiis B: siiii 321 (dependent to KCL (A) )
Actually, n nodes only provide n-1 independent equations
Step 1. Label unknown variable and reference direction
A
B
…… KCL (A)
Goal: 7 independent equations
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KVL and KCL – Example 1.9
2i
1v
2v
3v
11 10iv 22 9iv 33 7iv 3824 i
Step 1. Label unknown variable and reference direction
Step 2 (c) KVL2125 vv Loop 1:
Loop 1 Loop 2
2432 vvLoop 2:
Loop 3
2425 31 vvLoop 3:
…… KVL (1)…… KVL (2)
(dependent to KVL (1) and (2) )
Goal: 7 independent equations
Step 2 (a) Characteristics of the elements
Step 2 (b) KCL A: 321 iiiis …… KCL (A)
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KVL and KCL – Example 1.9
2i
1v
2v
3v
Step 1. Label unknown variable and reference direction
Loop 1 Loop 2
Loop 3
For KVL, only consider loop in “hole”
Goal: 7 independent equations
11 10iv 22 9iv 33 7iv 3824 i
Step 2 (c) KVL2125 vv Loop 1:2432 vvLoop 2:
…… KVL (1)…… KVL (2)
Step 2 (a) Characteristics of the elements
Step 2 (b) KCL A: 321 iiiis …… KCL (A)
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KVL and KCL – Example 1.9
I10: (-45V) x (10A) = -450 W consumed
R10W: (20V) x (2A) = 40 W consumed
Reference current should flow from “+” to “-”
450 W supplied
V25: (25V) x (2A) = 50 W consumed
-45V
+
-
Power:
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Problem set
• In the following lectures, I will select some problems from textbook as homework ( 不用交 )
• I know you are busy, so I will not select too much problems as homework.
• Read the examples in the textbook• Solve the exercises after the examples
• Today’s homework: Find the small error in Example 1.9 (Fig. 1.33)
• Be careful about reference direction
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Acknowledgement
• Let me know if you find any errors in my slides.• I will put your name at the end of the slides.
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Thank you!後天見!
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Appendix
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Note
• Reference direction of current• Reference direction of voltage• Ohm’s Law:
• Reference directions of current and voltage should be associated
• Consumed power: p=vi• Reference directions of current and voltage should be
associated• Negative consumed power = supplied power