cisc_casagras_status_rfid_reg_europe.ppt

we simulate your future

The European 4-Channel PlanJosef Preishuber-PflüglCTO, BU Manager [email protected]

ISSUE: December 2008

© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL

2

Functions in standardizationFunctions in standardizationResponsibility

Standardization Organziation

Description

Convenor ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 WG4/SG6 Performance and Conformance Tests for RFID Devices

Rapporteur ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 WG4/SG4 Regulatory

Convenor Austria ONORM AG 31 RFID for Item Management

Project editor ISO/IEC 18000-6 Air interface for 860-960 MHz

Project editor ISO/IEC 18000-4 Air interface for 2.45 GHz

Vice-chairman ETSI ERM TG34 RFID European RFID regulations

Active Member EPCglobal™ HAG Hardware Action Group

Active Member EPCglobal™ HAG UHF AI WG

UHF Air Interface Work Group

Active Member EPCglobal™ HAG HF AI WG HF Air Interface Work Group

Active Member EPCglobal™ IAG Industry Action Group

Co-chair EPCglobal™ IAG SB JRG Sensor & Battery Joint Requirements Group

Active Member EPCglobal™ ARC Architecture Review Commitee

Active Member Austria ONORM AG 17 Machine readable cards

Active Member Austria ONORM FNA 186 Protect. non-ionising radiation

Active Member Austria ONORM AG 186.EMF

Electromagnetic field


3

European UHF Regulations in European UHF Regulations in 20012001

Regulations CEPT REC 70-03 Annex 1

0.5 W ERP 869.4 - 869.65 MHz 1 channel with 250 kHz 10% duty cycle

ETSI EN 300 220 Achieveable Features

3 m range Data rates of 40 kbps system 54 minutes off within one hour


4

European UHF Regulations in European UHF Regulations in 20042004

Regulations CEPT REC 70-03 Annex 11

2 W ERP 865-868 MHz band 10 channels with each 200 kHz LbT with – 96 dBm to share band with SRDs

ETSI EN 302 208 Achieveable Features

6 m range Only 10 systems at the same time in multi km radius Data rates of 40 kbps


5

Challenges through Challenges through Regulations on RFIDRegulations on RFID

Listen Before Talk (LBT) defines very large radio neighborhood of up to 18 km radius in free air

Low number of channels limits number of readers that can be operated simultaneously

Channel bandwidth limits communication speed

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) allows use of multiple reader in one channel, however reader commands (33 dBm ERP or 36 dBm EIRP) interfere with tag responses (e.g. – 50 dBm)

Number of channels limits number of readers that can be operated simultaneously, although much better than with LbT

Channel bandwidth limits communication speed

18 km


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Separate shouting readers and whisperingSeparate shouting readers and whisperingtags into different parts of spectrumtags into different parts of spectrum

Readers are so much louder Readers are so much louder than passive tags than passive tags

RFID readers are very loud shouters that can be. You can hear them in large distances. A group of shouters in 100 meter distance you can not understand. Close by you understand one even if somebody else also shouts in 10 meters distance

RFID readers can coexist in one channel without interfering with each other, if specially separated by just about 10 meters

Tags are so gentle voices. You hear them only not too far away. You can not understand a whispering tag if a reader shouts close by.


7

Key success in standardization:Key success in standardization:Subcarrier for UHF backscatterSubcarrier for UHF backscatter

S2

S3S1

S4

1

0

1

10

0

0

1

Miller-Signaling State DiagramMiller Basis Functions

1

–1

0T

data-1

s3(t) = –s2(t)

s2(t)

time (t)time (t)

1

0 T

data-0

s4(t) = –s1(t)

s1(t)

am

plit

ud

e

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

Miller Subcarrier Sequences

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

M=4

M=8

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

M=2

S2

S3S1

S4

1

0

1

10

0

0

1

Miller-Signaling State DiagramMiller Basis Functions

1

–1

0T

data-1

s3(t) = –s2(t)

s2(t)

time (t)time (t)

1

0 T

data-0

s4(t) = –s1(t)

s1(t)

am

plit

ud

e


8

Key success in standardization:Key success in standardization:Dense Reader Mode (DRM)Dense Reader Mode (DRM)


9

Without dense reader mode:Without dense reader mode:Only one reader per channelOnly one reader per channel

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

Wat

t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

channel number


10

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

Wat

t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

channel number

With dense reader mode:With dense reader mode:Multiple readers per channelMultiple readers per channel


11

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

Wat

t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

channel number

With dense reader mode:With dense reader mode:Non-reader channels Non-reader channels allow very good listening to tagsallow very good listening to tags

Four channel plan for European Four channel plan for European regulationsregulations


12

Verification by real Verification by real measurementsmeasurements

Distribution center with 36 parallel operating dock doors


13

Verification by real Verification by real measurementsmeasurements

Pallets, each with 62 case tags


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Benefits of 4 channel planBenefits of 4 channel plan

Multiple interrogators may transmit simultaneously on the same channel.

Removal of requirement for “listen before talk” provides users with greater certainty of operation.

Tag response in the adjacent channels significantly improves reading performance.

Very spectrum efficient - satisfactory operation by a high density of interrogators in a relatively narrow band (i.e. 3 MHz).

Using appropriate techniques, SRDs can share the same band as RFID.


15

UHF Regulations in 2008UHF Regulations in 2008Ratified through publication in the Ratified through publication in the EU OJEU OJ

Regulations CEPT REC 70-03 Annex 11 new

2 W ERP 865-868 MHz band 4 transmit channels with each 200 kHz receive between transmit channels no LbT

ETSI EN 302 208 new Achieveable Features

6 m range Infinity number of systems at the same time Data rates of 40 kbps on forward link Data rates of 80 kbps on return link


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Development of RFID Performance in Development of RFID Performance in Europe influenced through Europe influenced through regulationsregulations

0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

700%

800%

900%

1000%

2001 2004 2008

Systems

Data rate

Range

Infinite number of systems due to 4 channel plan in combination with DRM (Dense Reader Mode)


17

M O U I T U-R

W/W

ITU RADIO Regulat.

Study Groups

National Regulations

CEPT / EC

country

Implementation

EU

RTTE 1999/05/EC

EC

RS-Com

E T S I

ERM (EMC & Radio

Matters)

WG FM,

FREQU.

MANAGMN’T

WG SE,

SPECTR. ENGINEER’

G SRD MG

ERC/Rec

70-03

CEPT/ ECC 47 COUNTRIES

SE 24 Sharing Studies

SRD-REC 70-03Annex 9, Annex

11

WRC

National Admin.

&Sector Member

s

ITU RADIO Recom.

RM TCAM

EC- Mandate

MARKET

LF EN 300 330 < 135kHzHF EN 300 330 6.8 / 13.5MHzVHF EN 300 220 433 MHzUHF EN 302 208 866.5 MHZµW EN 300 440 2.45 GHz

EC- Mandate

DELIV

ER

AB

LES

| W

OR

K G

RO

UP

S |

PLEN

AR

Y |

OR

G

‘s

TG 28

TG34

JSC07-

06Source: ETSI (www.etsi.org)

How European Regulations How European Regulations worksworks


18

Collaboration is keyCollaboration is key

ETSI

CEPT

EuropeanCommission

Harmonizing National Frequency AllocationsHarmonizing NRA activitiesCoordinating International Negotiations

Policy positionsLegal certaintyPolitical support

Harmonized Standards and other standards & specifications to support EU legislation & market development

Source: ETSI (www.etsi.org)


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Limits through the current RF Limits through the current RF regulationsregulationsDifferent Tags Detected Different Tags Detected

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

De

tec

tio

ns

Tags in Simulation

Different Tags Detected

6m/s

2m/s

4m/s


20

Limits through the current RF Limits through the current RF regulationsregulationsAnticollision RateAnticollision Rate

Anticollision Rate

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

2m/s 4m/s 6m/s

Pallet Velocity

Det

ecti

on

s/s 100 Tags

300 Tags

600 Tags

900 Tags


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What does this mean?What does this mean?

More tags and more speed will require data rates exceeding the current limitations allowed by currently available bandwidth

Additional efforts spend for new spectrum 400 kHz transmit channel width 1.2 MHz channel spacing DRM for 640 kHz Miller sub-carrier for 160 kbps 4 W ERP might be possible 915 – 921 MHz band

Source: ETSI EN 102 649-2


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Proposal for Europe’s future in Proposal for Europe’s future in UHF RFID RegulationsUHF RFID Regulations



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Planned future data ratesPlanned future data ratesDifferent tag detectedDifferent tag detected

Example: 600 tags simulated

Different Tags Detected (of total 600)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2m/s 4m/s 6m/s

Pallet Velocity

Det

ecti

on

s

25µs/80kbps

12.5µs/160kbps

Performance limit:3-times all tags detectedOnce 2 of 600 tags lost


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Planned future data ratesPlanned future data ratesAnticollision rateAnticollision rate

Anticollision Rate

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2m/s 4m/s 6m/s

Pallet Velocity

Det

ecti

on

s/s

25µs/80kbps

12.5µs/160kbps

Data rate: x 2.0Anticollision rate: x 1.8Data rate: x 2.0Anticollision rate: x 1.8

Example: 600 tags simulated


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Development of RFID Performance in Development of RFID Performance in Europe influenced through Europe influenced through regulationsregulations

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

350%

2001 2004 2008 2014

0%

1000%

2000%

3000%

4000%

5000%

6000%

7000%

8000%

9000%

10000%

Range

Data rate

Systems

Infinite number of systems due to 4 channel plan in combination with DRM (Dense Reader Mode)


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New European band might bring New European band might bring global UHF RFID bands closer global UHF RFID bands closer togethertogether



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Adopters of European 4-channel Adopters of European 4-channel planplan

European CEPT countries adoption to be finished by end of 2009

Japan: 2 channels Korea: 4 channels under discussion South Africa: fully adopted


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Conclusion Conclusion Recommended UHF RFID regulationsRecommended UHF RFID regulations

Power for communication range (2 W ERP, 4 W EIRP)

Transmit bandwidth for data rate (200 kHz channels, min. 2 transmit channels to have alternative channel)

DRM for multiple systems in a close environment

Spectrum for tag response shall allow DRM (200 kHz, 300 kHz or higher Miller subcarrier)Requires gap between two transmit channles

No LbT


29

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