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Page 1: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved
Page 2: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series

Switching Architecture BRKARC-3437

Page 3: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

3

Page 4: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

4

Page 5: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Catalyst Fixed Switching Portfolio

Catalyst Compact

Switches

Stackable 3000 Series

Switches

Standalone 3000

Series Switches

FAMILIES Current:

3750-X Series 3750V2 Series

Modules

C3KX-NM-1G C3KX-NM-10GT C3KX-SM-10G

EoS: 3750-E Series 3750G Series

3750V1 Series

FAMILIES Current:

3560-X Series 3560V2 Series

EoS: 3560-E Series 3560G Series

3560V1 Series

FAMILIES Layer 3: 3560C Series

Layer 2 only: 2960C Series

Catalyst 2900 Series

Switches

Modules

FAMILIES Stackable:

2960-S Series Standalone: 2960 Series

C2960S-STACK

EoS: 2975 Series

Prev Gen: 3560-E 8 and 12 port

Series

Wall Mountable

5

Page 6: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Enterprise Class Catalyst 3750-X and 3560-X

Leading Stackable Unified Access Platform

WORLD’S MOST POPULAR STACKABLE

¼ BILLION PORTS

OVER 7 MILLION UNITS

INDUSTRY LEADERSHIP

LOWER TCO

StackWise Plus and StackPower

Modular Uplinks

Hot-swappable dual power supplies & fans

Industry’s highest density PoE+

USB for storage and console

Flexible NetFlow

MACsec

INNOVATION OPERATIONAL SIMPLICITY

Automation

Investment protection

Enhanced Limited Lifetime Warranty

6

Page 7: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Dual Redundant Power Supplies & Fans

Four PS options

‒ 1100W AC

‒ 715W AC

‒ 350W AC

‒ 440W DC

Dual, redundant, high efficiency PS

Redundant fan modules

Models Default Power Supply Available PoE Power

24 Port Data Switch C3KX-PWR-350WAC –

48 Port Data Switch

24 Port PoE Switch C3KX-PWR-715WAC 370W

48 Port PoE Switch

48 Port Full PoE Switch C3KX-PWR-1100WAC 740W

7

Page 8: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Service Module – 3750X/3560X

Services module for the Catalyst 3750x and 3560x models

‒ Hot swappable, Plug-and-play

Capable of Flexible Netflow (FNF)

‒ Done in hardware

Capable of Switch-to-Switch MACSec (802.1ae)

‒ First time in the access layer (3750x/3560x)

• Powered using the switch-based power supply

• Two Uplinks

C3KX-SM-10G

8

Page 9: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Catalyst 2960-S

Cisco Quality at Competitive Price

FlexStack

PoE on all 48 ports

PoE+ support

10G uplinks available

Low power consumption

KEY FEATURES OPERATIONAL SIMPLICITY

Enhanced Limited Lifetime Warranty

Auto Smart Ports

EASE-OF-USE 20M PORTS

500K+ UNITS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY LOWER TCO

9

Page 10: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Catalyst Compact Switches

Can be powered via PoE(+) or UPoE

Pass through PoE for end devices

Uplink & Downlink Data Encryption

12 models to choose from

KEY FEATURES OPERATIONAL SIMPLICITY

Zero-touch deployment

Auto Smart Ports

Enhanced Limited Lifetime Warranty

8 & 12 PORT MODELS

QUIET (FANLESS)

EXTEND THE CISCO NETWORK

FULL-SIZE CAPABILITIES

LOWER TCO

Ideal for Retail Check Stands, Classrooms, Conference Rooms, Hotel Suites, and More

10

Page 11: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

11

Page 12: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Software Feature Set Flavors

Bu

sin

ess C

on

tinu

ity

Business Agility

Converged Services

Intelligent Services

Evolves With Your Business

Catalyst 2960-S w/ LAN Base

Catalyst 3K-X w/ IP Base Catalyst 3K-X w/ LAN

Base

Catalyst 3K-X w/ IP Services

Cisco EnergyWise

Reliable Voice, Video Scalable Medianet

Automated Smart Operations Non Stop, Self Preserving

Tailored to Meet Business Needs

Threat Intelligence Role-based Access, Secure Traffic

12

Basic Services

Catalyst 2960-S w/ LAN Lite

Page 13: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Key LAN Lite vs LAN Base Highlights Catalyst 2960, 2960-S

Functionality LAN Lite LAN Base

Layer 2

• Entry-level Access Layer 2

Basic L2 access features including 802.1Q trunking, (M)STP,

STP extensions, CDP, DTP, UDLD, VTPv2, PAGP/LACP, LLDP,

Storm control

• Enterprise Access Layer 2

Wide range of L2 access features for enterprise deployments,

including FlexLinks, VTPv3, LLDP MED

Layer 3 • No Routing Support

Support for L3 management interface

• 16 static IPv4 routes on SVIs

Manageability

• Entry-level Manageability

Express Setup, Cisco Device Manager, SNMPv3 (w/crypto),

RMON, SPAN, TDR, Auto Smart Ports, Smart Install client

• Basic Manageability

Support for a wider range of MIBs, IPSLA Responder, RSPAN

Security

• Entry-level Access Security

SSH v2 server, SSL, HTTPS, SCP, TACACS+, RADIUS, Port

Security, 802.1x (w/ Guest VLAN), MAB, Private VLAN Edge,

DHCP Snooping

• Enterprise Access Security

IPSG, DAI, PACLs, Cisco Identity 4.0, NAC and 802.1x features

QoS • Entry-level Access QOS

Ingress and egress queuing, Scheduling, Priority queuing, SRR

• Enterprise Access QOS

Ingress policing, Trust Boundary, AutoQOS, DSCP mapping

Note: LAN Base feature set includes all LAN Lite features.

For Your Reference

13

Page 14: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Catalyst 3750v2 and Catalyst 3560v2

Catalyst® 3750-X and Catalyst 3560-X

LAN Base vs. IP Base and IP Services

Highlights

Functions LAN Base IP Base IP Services

Layer 2+

• Enterprise access Layer 2

Wide range of Layer 2 access features for enterprise deployments

• Complete Access Layer 2

Supports all Cisco Catalyst 2000 and Catalyst 3000 Layer 2 features, including hot standby protocols; supports Cisco StackPower™ technology (Cisco Catalyst 3750-X)

Layer 3

•16 IPv4 static routes on SVI • Enterprise access Layer 3

RIP, static and stub PIM, and EIGRP, OSPF for routed access

• Complete access Layer 3

EIGRP, BGP, IS-IS

VRF-lite, WCCP, and PBR

Manageability

• Basic manageability

Support for a wide range of MIBs, IPSLA Responder, and RSPAN

• Enterprise access Layer 3

Gold-Lite and Smart Install Director, EEM

• Complete access Layer 3

IPSLA Initiator

Security

• Enterprise access security

DHCP Snooping, IPSG, DAI, PACLs, Cisco Identity 4.0, NAC and 802.1x features

• Complete access security

Router and VLAN ACLs, private VLANs, complete identity and security, TrustSec SXP, and IEEE 802.1AE (Cisco Catalyst 3560-X and Catalyst 3750-X)

QoS

• Enterprise access QoS

Ingress policing, Trust Boundary, AutoQoS, and DSCP mapping

• Complete access QoS

Support for all Cisco Catalyst 2000 and Catalyst 3000 QoS features, including per-VLAN policies

Note: IP Services feature set includes all IP Base features. IP Base feature set includes all LAN Base features.

For Your Reference

14

Page 15: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Updating the IOS Code

15

Switch IOS can be updated using .bin or .tar files

Recommendation: .tar files archive download-sw <IOS Image path>.tar (Switch only)

archive download-sw <IOS Image path>.tar <SM Image path>.tar (In case of 3750x with Service

Module)

Page 16: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Types of Software Licenses License based feature-set upgrades

After the usage period expires, the switch continues to use the temporary software license until it is restarted.

16

Permanent

License

Node-locked – based on UDI Can come pre-installed Works with Cisco License

Manager RMA’s handled as like-to-like

replacements

Temporary

License

Limited Usage period (60 days) Types

• Embedded evaluation license

• Extension License • Grace Period License

Available in E and X series as part of the Universal Image

Page 17: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Managing Licenses

Show commands to administer software licensing:

‒ Displaying the file

‒ Detailed display of license type

‒ Showing the Unique Device Identifier

‒ Enabling debug mode

show license file [switch <switch_id>]

show license status [switch <switch_id>]

show license detail <feature_name> [switch <switch_id>]

show license udi

debug license <events | all | errors>

17

Page 18: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Create Your Own Evaluation License! Minimum IOS 12.2(46)SE

Switch# license boot level ipservices Supported license levels are:

ipservices ipbase

PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS CAREFULLY. INSTALLING THE LICENSE OR LICENSE KEY PROVIDED FOR ANY CISCO PRODUCT FEATURE OR USING SUCH PRODUCT FEATURE CONSTITUTES YOUR FULL ACCEPTANCE OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS. YOU MUST NOT PROCEED FURTHER IF YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO BE BOUND BY ALL THE TERMS SET FORTH HEREIN. You hereby acknowledge and agree that the product feature license is terminable and that the product feature enabled by such license may be shut down or terminated by Cisco after expiration of the applicable term of the license (e.g., 30-day trial period). Cisco reserves the right to terminate or shut down any such product feature electronically or by any other means available. While alerts or such messages may be provided, it is your sole responsibility to monitor your terminable usage of any product feature enabled by the license and to ensure that your systems and networks are prepared for the shut down of the product feature. You acknowledge and agree that Cisco will not have any liability whatsoever for any damages, including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages related to any product feature being shutdown or terminated. By clicking the "accept" button or typing "yes" you are indicating you have read and agree to be bound by all the terms provided herein.

ACCEPT? (yes/[no]):

*Apr 2 02:04:08.604: %IOS_LICENSE_IMAGE_APPLICATION-6-LICENSE_LEVEL: Module name = c3750e Next reboot level = ipservices and License = ipservices

19

Page 19: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

20

Page 20: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Switch Components

SDRAM

CPU

Stack PHY

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Dual Mode PHY

10/100

2X10G or 4X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G

StackWise,

StackWise

Plus

24X1G POE 24X1G POE

Two Stack

Cables

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

Fixed switches have a very simple design

Key components are the ASICs, the CPU and the Phys

Switch Fabric in some families

Stacking in some families

21

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© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Two Stack

Cables

SDRAM

CPU

Stack PHY

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Dual Mode PHY

10/100

2X10G or 4X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G

StackWise,

StackWise

Plus

24X1G POE 24X1G POE

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

Port ASICs

The Port ASIC performs:

Pre-pend a 24-byte header for internal use

Traffic forwarding

QoS

ACL lookup

The number of Port ASICs varies, depending on media speed and type of ports.

I.e., Gig ports, SFP ports, 10Gig ports

22

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© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

TCAM/SRAM

Stores vital information including IPv4, IPv6 and MAC addresses, ACES etc

The 3750-X TCAM/SRAM is incorporated into the Port ASIC Hardware Merge process to pack entries into TCAM

Two Stack

Cables

SDRAM

CPU

Stack PHY

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Dual Mode PHY

10/100

2X10G or 4X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G

StackWise,

StackWise

Plus

24X1G POE 24X1G POE

TCAM

SRAM

TCAM

SRAM

TCAM

SRAM

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

23

Page 23: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKCRS-3437 Cisco Public

Switch Fabric

128Gbps switching Fabric

Provides line rate and local switching within a switch and stack connectivity

‒ 48G + 2X10G + 32 Stack-ports (100Gbps FDX)

64 Gbps Ring Stackwise Plus

1 Gbps Ring Inter-connect control path to the Port ASICs to the CPU

Point-to-Point, 32 Gbps ring connecting each Port ASIC

Jumbo frame switching and routing

Two Stack

Cables

SDRAM

CPU

Stack PHY

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Dual Mode PHY

10/100

2X10G or 4X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G

StackWise,

StackWise

Plus

24X1G POE 24X1G POE

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

24

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CPU

Switch-to-Switch communication and synchronization

Updates the MAC and Routing caches attached to each port ASIC

Performs CPU Software-based forwarding when the TCAM is over its limits for MACs, Routes, ACL entries etc.

The CPU communicates with the Port ASICs via a dedicated management ring (the yellow ring in the diagram)

Two Stack

Cables

SDRAM

CPU

Stack PHY

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Dual Mode PHY

10/100

2X10G or 4X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G

StackWise,

StackWise

Plus

24X1G POE 24X1G POE

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

25

Page 25: Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 and 2960 Series Switching ...d2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2012/usa/pdf/BRKARC-3437.pdf · BRKCRS-3437 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved

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PHY – Includes Link Encryption

MACsec link encryption in hardware – Line rate (3750X/3560X)

All media conversion

10/100/1000 Mbps

FX, LX/LH, SX, ZX, BX (1490 & 1310Nm), CWDM, DWDM

10G, Supported:

LR (SMF 10km), LRM, SR (MMF), CX1, CX3, CX5

Two Stack

Cables

SDRAM

CPU

Stack PHY

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Dual Mode PHY

10/100

2X10G or 4X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G

StackWise,

StackWise

Plus

24X1G POE 24X1G POE

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

26

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Ring View of the Switch Fabric

Physically, the ring is a series of switch fabrics strung together by stack cables

The switch fabric performs token generation and ring control

Two Stack

Cables

Stack PHY Switch Fabric

Stack PHY Switch Fabric

SDRAM

CPU

Stack PHY

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Dual Mode PHY

10/100

2X10G or 4X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G 12X1G

StackWise,

StackWise

Plus

24X1G POE 24X1G POE

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

27

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Service Module Architectural Overview

CPU

FPGA MACSec Phy SFP+

SFP+

Mem

Mem

To Switch ASIC

3KX-SM-10G : 3750X Service Module

FPGA : Contains logic to implement Netflow engine. Supports 32K flows

Phy : Helps perform switch to switch MACSec in H/W. Also supports tagging

CPU : Quad Core Processor with 600 Mhz Frequency. Runs a Linux based environment over IOS

Upgrades : Separate image that can be downloaded from cisco.com

28

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Catalyst 3750v2 Overview Fast Ethernet Models

• 3750 and 3750-X Main Architectural Differences:

• 3750 Does not have a second tier switch fabric like the 3750-X and can not locally switch without sending packets on the ring

• 3750 has external TCAMs

• All port-ASIC are part of the Stackwise internal ring!

• 3750 only runs in StackWise mode – 32G

2 Stack

Cables

Ports

Port ASIC

TCAM

SRAM

SDRAM

CPU

Stack PHY

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC

TCAM

SRAM

Port ASIC

TCAM

SRAM

POE POE POE

Ports Ports

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

29

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2960S Architectural Overview

2960S Key Facts

Single ASIC with capacity of 88Gigs. Most energy efficient design

All Gig downlinks and 2 10-gig Uplinks

FlexStack

TCAM – embedded in ASIC

Single Port ASIC

SDRAM

CPU

Flash

Serial

USB

Serial 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY 8 Port

PHY

8 Port

PHY

X2

X2

X2

X2

48 Port Switch with 2 X 10G uplink

10G 10G

2 Stack

Cables

30

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Compact Switches Architectural Overview

SDRAM

CPU

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC

10/100 8 Port

PHY

PSE

module

8XPOE 1G 1G

GE

PHY

GE

PHY

PoE

System DC/DC

12V

SDRAM

CPU

Flash

Serial

Port ASIC

10/100 8 Port

PHY

PD/PSE

module

8XPOE 1G 1G

GE

PHY

GE

PHY

PoE \ PoE+ \UPoE

PoE

System DC/DC

12V

Aux Power External Power

AC / DC

Compact Switch model Comparison

Power : Models that are PoE/PoE+/UPoE powered and AC Powered

Speeds :10/100 or 10/100/1000.MACSec Phys on the 3K

Capability : 3560c runs IPBase Only. No IPServices

ASICs: Two types of ASICs – Choice depends on speed and capability

TCAM – embedded in ASIC

31

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

32

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Within the ASIC

MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

Ingress Path Egress Path

34

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Within the ASIC

MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

L2

L3

QOS ACES

SEC ACES

IPv6

These spaces can

re-allocated using

SDM templates.

35

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Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

1

1 Packets enter the

switch and is

received by the

Receive FIFO

36

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

2 2 The whole packet

is sent to the

Receive Buffer

Copy of the first

200 bytes is sent

into the

Forwarding

Controller for

processing

(forwarding, ACL,

QOS lookups)

Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

37

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

3

3 Submit packet to

VLAN

decap/parsing/pro

cessing in the

forwarding

controller and the

native frame is

obtained

4

4

Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

38

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

5

5 Search Engine in

the Forwarding

Controller sends

the packet to the

TCAM for L2

lookup and

receives the index

The Forwarding

Controller queries

the SRAM with the

index to get the

desired look up.

6 6

Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

39

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

7

7

Search Engine

Forwarding

Controller sends

QOS and ACL

Look up sent to

the TCAM. Index

returned

Forwarding

Controller queries

the SRAM for the

respective Ingress

ACL and QOS

response

8 8

Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

40

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

9

9 Look up to the

policer. How much

policing to do?

Policing

information

returned

10

10

Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

41

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

11

11 Search Engine in

Forwarding

Controller sends

the L2/L3

Forwarding Look

up to the TCAM.

Index returned

Forwarding

Controller sends

Index to the SRAM

for destination

details.

Destination

information

returned

12 12

Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

42

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

14 24 byte descriptor

sent to the

Receive buffer.

Appended to the

original packet. 14

Native

Packet

Descriptor

Descriptor

Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

43

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

15 Packet with the

extra 24 byte

descriptor is sent

to the Switching

Fabric/Ring

15

Native

Packet

Descriptor

Packet Walk - Ingress On the Way In

44

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Within the ASIC

MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

Egress Path

45

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

1 Packet with the

extra 24 byte

descriptor is sent

to the Switching

Fabric/Ring

1 Native

Packet

Descriptor

Packet Walk - Egress On the Way Out

46

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

2 Packet is stored in

the Transmit

buffer.

Packet location

stored in the TXT

Queue

2

Packet Walk - Egress On the Way Out

47

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

3 Packets egresses

and is stored in

the Transmit FIFO

for egress

processing 3

Packet Walk - Egress On the Way Out

48

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

4 First 200 bytes

sent to the

Forwarding

Controller for

egress processing

4

Packet Walk - Egress On the Way Out

49

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

5 Search Engine in

Forwarding

Controller sends

egress ACL lookup

query to TCAM.

TCAM returns

index

5 6 6

Forwarding

Controller uses

index to get the

ACL info

Packet Walk - Egress On the Way Out

50

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

5 Search Engine in

Forwarding

Controller sends

Destination

Lookup to TCAM.

Index returned.

5 6 6

Forwarding

Controller uses

index to get the

L2/L3 forwarding

info

Packet Walk - Egress On the Way Out

51

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

7 Packet Header

prepared in the

Forwarding

Controller 7

8

8

Forwarding

Controller sends

the header info to

the TXT FIFO

where the final

packet is

assembled

Packet Walk - Egress On the Way Out

52

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MAC Port 1

MAC Port 2

MAC Port 4

MAC Port 3

MAC Port 16

TXT Queues

Forwarding Controller

RCV FIFO

TXT FIFO

RCV Buffer

TXT Buffer

To CPU

From Ring/Fabric

MAC Port 5

TCAM SRAM

To Ring/Fabric

9 Final packet sent

to the egress port.

9

Packet Walk - Egress On the Way Out

53

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3750v2 Unicast Packet Walk Source Strip

All types of packets are passed all the way around the ring, copied

at the destination(s) and returned to the sender for stripping

All packets are sent to the stack ring, the Port ASICs can not

locally switch traffic

Source

Destination

Source

Destination

Packet

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

1. Forward To the Stack

2. Copy Packet by Dest. Port-ASIC

3. Pass Packet to Dest. port

4. Original Packet rotates around the

ring

5. Src Removes Packet off the ring

54

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Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

3750X Unicast Packet Walk Locally Switched (Stacked or Standalone Switch)

The packet is sent to the switch Fabric and locally switched to

the destination Port ASIC

Simple switching with, no ACK necessary

Does not disrupt the Stack rings

Source

Destination

Packet

Packet is locally switched. Never get

forwarded to Stackwise rings

55

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Switch Fabric

3750X Unicast Packet Walk Destination Across the Stack – Destination Strip

The Source Port ASIC sends the packet to the Source Switch

Fabric and it is switched to the Destination Switch Fabric

The Destination Switch Fabric removes the packet and sends a

16 bit ACK

The Originating Switch Fabric receives and removes the ACK

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Source

Destination

Packet

ACK

1. Forward To the Stack

ring

2. Copies packet – sends it to port-

ASIC

3. Removes packet off the

stack ring

4. Send 16 bits ACK

5. Remove the ACK

56

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Smart Multicast Packet Walk All Catalyst 3K Models

The Switch Fabrics with multicast ports in that group copy the packet

The originating Switch Fabric removes the packet from the ring

Note: There is only one packet on the ring per multicast flow, replication only

occurs at the local level

Note: if the sender and all of the receivers are on the same switch no packets

are sent to the ring

Source

Destination

Source

Destination

Packet

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Switch Fabric

Switch Fabric

1. Multicast Packet Must forward to the

stack ring!

2. Copy Multicast Packet: forward to

the stack ring and to local port-ASICs

3. Replicate Packet and forward to the

port-ASICs that have listeners

5. Original Multicast Packet continues on the ring in case there are more listeners in the

stack. 4. Replicate in case of multiple

listeners

6. Remove Packet off the ring. Dest. Strip. – –

57

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

58

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches – StackWise and StackWise Plus

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

59

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What is a Stackable Switch? Allows access to all switches with a single IP address

Provides the means to manage the stack via CLI or MIB

Can connect all switches in a physical ring topology

Traffic flows in either direction of the ring, some Resiliency

Automatic Master selection & backup 1:N

Automatic IOS versioning and Update!

Automatic configuration of new members

Automatic unit replacement (configuration of old switch retained)

Stateful switch over in case of master failures

Ring resiliency similar to FDDI, provides HA and Resiliency

Sub-millisecond Master failover

Smart Multicast

Cross-stack features (Etherchannel and QoS)

60

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Cisco StackWise (Plus)

Logical and physical ring architecture of the Catalyst 3k

Comprises two 16 Gbps counter-rotating rings

‒ Data on both rings when fully connected:

Stackwise - 32 Gbps

Stackwise Plus - 64 Gbps

Internal Connection:

On 3750v2, 3750G : The Stack Ring is the switching

fabric

3750E, 3750X : The Stack Ring only interconnects the

individual Switch Fabrics

StackWise

Rings/Cable

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Understanding the Stack Cable

Eight TX/RCV pairs per ring

That is 16 pairs (8 channels per ring)

Each TX/RCV pair has 2 traces that use

differential signaling.

That is 32 traces in total

Each TX/RCV pair runs at 2.5 Gbps

8B/10B encoding is used.

(for every ten bits sent, eight bits are data and two bits are overhead)

Cable

RCV Pair

TX Pair Trace

62

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Stack Cable 1

TXT/RCV Pairs

Trace

Stack Cable 2

16 Gbps 16 Gbps 16 Gbps 16 Gbps

Understanding the Stack Ring Speed

16 Channels x 2.5 Gbps x 8B/10B = 32Gbps

Or bidirectional 16 Gbps per cable = 32Gbps

Or Two Rings running at 16Gpbs each = 32Gbps

63

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Stackwise Vs. Stackwise Plus Spatial Reuse

No Spatial Reuse

(Source Strip)

3750v2 StackWise Only 2 Flows

Access-based tokens

Spatial Reuse

(Destination Strip)

3750-X StackWise Plus Up to N by 2 Simultaneous Flows

Credit-based Tokens

Note: These are packets not tokens. There is only 1 token per ring.

Stackwise

32 Gbps

Stackwise Plus

N by 32 Gpbs

64

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Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Port ASIC Port ASIC Port ASIC

Switch Fabric

Switch Fabric

Switch Fabric

Loops

3750v2 3750-X

Ring Healing

The Switch Fabric or Port ASIC closest to cable detects link down ‒ Criteria is coding violations in a period of time ‒ Loss of at most one packet that was being transmitted when ring broke ‒ Just microseconds for hardware to detect failure

Each switch signals a bad link to stack its partner Both ends of the cable loop back on themselves

Loop

65

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches – Cisco StackPower

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

67

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StackPower Overview

Aggregates and shares available input power capacity in a Stack

Flexible arrangement of power supplies in a stack

‒ Up to 8.8Kw in a power stack of 4 switches (ring topology)

‒ Up to 22Kw in a power stack of 9 switches (Star topology using an XPS(eXpandable Power System) 2200)

Stackpower decouples a Power supply from its physical location in a switch/stack!

Provides RPS functionality (Zero-footprint RPS)

Intelligent Load shedding

68

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StackPower Modes of Operation

Power Share and Redundant Modes StackPower operates in two modes:

Power share

‒ Loose or Strict mode

Redundant

‒ Loose or Strict mode

Up to four switches can be participate in a power stack

More than one power stack within one Data stack (Stackwise Plus)

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Lost PS or

Power source

Shed Load

Dropped PD

Lost PS or

Power source

Lost Shed Load

another PS

Dropped PD

Loose and Strict modes Control the behavior of Load shed

Loose mode allows for a negative power budget

Strict mode sheds load as soon as the power budget goes below the Allocated

power level

BUDGET Available Power Pool

ALLOCATED Committed Power

ACTUAL Drawn Power

BUDGET Available Power Pool

ALLOCATED Committed Power

ACTUAL Drawn Power

Power-sharing Strict mode Power-sharing Loose mode Default

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Best Practice

Balance Power supplies across the stack Total Input Power = 5,400w

Total Output Power = 4,400w

The right half generates only 20A but

consumes 80A

Stackpower rated for ~40A

In failure scenario, Stackpower could be

oversubscribed; console messages will

warn about the condition and Intelligent

load shed will occur.

500w

500w

A B

1,100w

1,100w

A B

1,100w

1,100w

A B

2,000w

A B

2,000w

200w

200w

X

30 A

60 A

30 A

Recommendation:

1. Balance PS across all systems, and

2. insist on filling up PS slot A on every switch in the

stack, before using slot B on any switch!

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches – FlexStack

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

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Stack Bandwidth – 20 Gbps

Up to 4 members in a stack

Not a ring Architecture – Hop by Hop

Local switching support for unicast packets

All members of the stack see the unknown

Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast packets

Flexstack on the Catalyst 2960-S New Stacking Mechanism

73

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2960-S FlexStack Ease of Use

3750-X StackWise Plus Ease of Use and High Availability

Device Limit 4 units 9 units

Stack Bandwidth 20G 64G

Architecture HW Drop Table Ring (Destination stripping)

Dynamic Ring Load Balancing No Yes

Stack Convergence 1-2 seconds Few milliseconds

Stack QoS Applied hop by hop Applied on ingress

Management Single IP address, SNMP, SYSLOG Single IP address, SNMP, SYSLOG

Configuration Single config and CLI, auto image and config update Single config and CLI, auto image and config update

Show and Debug Commands Unified Unified

Single Forwarding and Control Plane Synchronize ARP, MAC Address, IGMP, VLAN tables Synchronize ARP, MAC Address, IGMP, VLAN, Routing

tables

Cross-Stack Features Yes Yes

Single Bridge-ID Yes Yes

Preprovison members Yes Yes

Redundancy Stack master 1:N redundancy Stack master 1:N redundancy

Easy member replacement Yes Yes

FlexStack Vs. StackWise Plus

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches – Stack functions and operations

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

77

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The Stack Master

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Stack Master Election Criteria

1) The stack (or switch) whose master has the

higher user configurable mastership priority 1–15

2) The stack (or switch) whose master is not using

the default configuration

3) The stack (or switch) whose master has the higher software

priority

Cryptographic IP Services

Cryptographic IP Base

Cryptographic LAN Base

4) The stack (or switch) whose master has the longest uptime

5) The switch or stack whose master has the lowest

MAC address 79

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Switch Priority for Master Role Default Is 1, Don‘t Participate Is 0

Switch (config)# switch 3 priority 10

Switch (config)# switch 4 priority 9

Switch (config)# exit

Switch# show switch

Switch# Role Mac Address Priority State

--------------------------------------------------------------

1 Member 000a.fdfd.0100 1 Ready

2 Member 000a.fdab.0100 1 Ready

3 Master 000a.fd22.0100 10 Ready

4 Member 0003.fd63.9c00 9 Ready

Master

Back-up Master

80

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When Does the Stack Master Change?

A Stack Master Can Change If:

The stack master fails or reboots

The stack master is removed from the switch

stack

The stack master is power cycled or powered off

There is a Stack Merge

‒ Stack merge occurs when a new switch is powered

up before being connected to the stack cables, or

when two cables are disconnected from the stack

81

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Functions of the Stack Master

The Stack Master:

Controls all centralized functions

Builds and propagates the L3 FIB

Manages and Propagates the configuration file to the stack

Controls the console

Controls the CDP neighbor table

Controls the VLAN database

Upgrades the stack

Config FIB IOS

Config

FIB

IOS

Config

FIB

IOS

82

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Centralized and Distributed Functions

Centralized functions Those that are reside on the

master node

Those that are forwarded to the master node

Those that are controlled or synchronized by the master node

Ex: CDP, VLAN Database mgmt,Routing

Distributed functions Those that are performed locally

by each node

These functions are synchronized or updated between the nodes

Ex: MAC address management, STP

Master

Master

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Stack Configuration Management

Master:

‒ Copies of the startup and running config files

are kept on all members in the stack

‒ The current running-config is synched from

the master to all members

‒ On a switchover, the new master

re-applies the running-config so

that all switches are in sync

Member:

‒ Keeps a copy of startup and

running config at all times

‒ On boot-up waits for config file

from master and parses it

Config

Config

Config

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Stack Members – Addition, Removal,

Pre-provisioning

85

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Adding a New Switch Example

The stack has three members - 1, 2, 3

A new switch with #3 is added to the stack

Conflict detected, number changes based

on the rules used for numbering (ID).

It is assigned the #4 and

reloads switch #4

Configuration commands in the config file

which apply to interfaces 4/0/* apply to the

new switch

Switch #2

Switch #3

Master #1

Switch #4

86

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Switch Pre-provisioning Example

1) Pre-provision Switch #4 in advance

Switch(config)#switch 4 provision WS-C3750x-48P

2) Enter the port configuration for Switch #4.

3) Add Switch #4 when required

Master #1

Switch #2

Switch #3

Config Config

Switch #4

87

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Switch Removal

The stack has three members — 1, 2, 3

Member #3 is removed or powered down

‒ Neighbor loss is detected by Switch #1 and Switch #2

‒ Layer 2 and Layer 3 convergence may need

‒ to happen

‒ Now there is a stack of two switches—Switch #1 and Switch #2

‒ Switch#1 is still the master

Master #1 is removed or powered down

‒ Switch #2 takes over as master

‒ Layer 2 and Layer 3 convergence may need to happen

‒ Now there is a stack of one switch—#2 which is the master

Master #2

Master #1

Switch #2

Switch #3

88

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Replacing a Switch

In this case, the failed switch is a Cisco Catalyst WS-C3750X-48TD

If replaced by another Cisco Catalyst WS-C3750X-48TD, the new switch will receive the port-level configuration of the original unit

If replaced by a different switch, the original configuration is lost and the new switch receives all stack global configuration

Config Config

89

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Resolving Stack Mismatches

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Types of Stack Mismatch

Homogeneous Stack: 3750 or 3750E/X:

Version Mismatch: level and feature IOS revision set

i.e. LAN Base, IP Base, and IP Services

SDM Mismatch: All members of the stack must run the

same SDM template as the master

Version Mismatch has priority over SDM mismatch

Hardware Mixed Stack: 3750 and 3750E/X:

Same as above

Feature Mismatch

Hardware features (POE, Jumbo frame routing) 3750

3750-X

3750-E

3750-E

3750-X

3750-E

3750-E

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Stack IOS Upgrade Process

Automatic Upgrade involves two processes:

Auto-Upgrade and Auto-Advise

The auto-upgrade processes runs first and it consists of:

auto-copy process and auto-extract process

Auto-copy copies a running image of any stack member into a switch if this process fails, then:

Auto-extract searches through all FLASH devices for a TAR file suitable for the switch in VM mode

If auto-extract fails, Auto-Advice provides a recommendation on how to upgrade manually!

Recommend:

Store Universal and Reformation TAR images in the master and a backup master for auto-extract to work

Configure a url for last resort: (point to the image repository)

boot auto-download-sw tftp://10.1.1.15/images/fall06/c3750-universal-tar

‒ Use to upgrade a mixed hardware stack:

‒ archive download-sw /directory tftp://10.1.1.10/ c3750-ipservices-tar.122-35.SE.tar c3750e-universal-tar.122-35.SE2.tar

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LAN Base Stack Exception: No Mixed IOS Feature Set

A form of Feature mismatch in a mixed Hardware stack

No HW Encryption, no Stackpower support

No mixed IOS feature set support for LAN Base

Catalyst 3750X models running LAN Base feature set can only stack

among themselves

Common mistake…Don‘t call TAC..!

‒ Stacking LAN Base models with IP Base / IP Services

93

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches – Stack functions and operations

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

94

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Cisco Catalyst 3750 Family - QoS Model Applies to Both 3750v2 and 3750X

Classification

• Inspect incoming

packets

•Assign QOS Label to

grouped packet

•Use ACL, or other

configuration to

determine QOS labels

Policing

•Compares incoming

traffic rate w/

configured policer and

determine if packet is

IN or Out of Profile.

•Either aggregate or

individual flow basis

•256 policers/ASIC

Marking

•Act on policer

decision

•Reclass or drop

out-of-profile

Egress Queue/ Schedule

Congestion Control

•Four SRR queues/port shared

or shaped servicing

•One queue is configurable

for strict priority servicing

•WTD for congestion

control (three thresholds

per queue)

•Egress queue shaping

•Egress port rate limiting

Ingress Queue/ Schedule

Congestion Control

•Two queues/port ASIC

shared servicing

•One queue is configurable

for strict priority servicing

•WTD for congestion

control (three thresholds

per queue)

•SRR is performed

Policer

Policer

Policer

Policer

Marker

Marker

Marker

Marker

Classify

Input

Traffic

Queue 1

Queue 2

SRR

StackWise

Queue 1

Queue 2

Queue 3

Queue 4

SRR

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Ingress Queuing and Scheduling

Two user-configurable ingress queues/ ASIC

‒Two more queues reserved for the system

‒One queue is an expedite queue – by default maps to voice

traffic

Queues can be shared but not shaped

Shaped Round Robin is used to service these queues

WTD with 3 thresholds is used for congestion avoidance

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Egress Queuing, Scheduling & Shaping

Four egress queues per port

SRR used to manage the queues

WTD used for congestion avoidance

Strict Priority

NULL Queue used for rate limiting

Shaped between 10-90%, in increments of 6%

Egress Queues are shaped, but not policed (better)

srr-queue bandwidth shape <queue-1 weight> <queue-2 weight> ….

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Buffer Allocation – Egress

Four Egress Queues

‒ Fixed:

Each queue has 1/4 of per port fixed buffers.

‒ Flexible:

Common pool provides extra buffers to all queues.

‒ Buffer re-allocation and common pool usage is

configurable – ‗Queue-set‘

Total 2Mb= 8192 256-byte Buffer units

CPU Pool 140Kb

Common Pool 1Mb

Po

rt 1

Qu

eu

e 1

P

ort

1 Q

ue

ue

2

Po

rt 1

Qu

eu

e 3

P

ort

1 Q

ue

ue

4

Po

rt 2

Qu

eu

e 1

Reserved Pool Min. Guaranteed Can Not be Borrowed nor shared

98

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Cisco Catalyst 3750 Weighted Tail Drop Four Egress Qs Identify 12 Services

WTD is a congestion-avoidance mechanism for managing the queue lengths and providing drop precedence for different traffic classifications

WTD is used at both, the Ingress queues or the Egress queues

User configurable thresholds determine when to drop certain types of packets

As a queue fills up, lower priority packets are dropped first

In this example, when the queue is 60% full, arriving packets marked with CoS 0-5 are dropped

Thresholds can be set with DSCP or COS labels.

Only one Q is Displayed. All 4 Egress or 2 Ingress Queues Can Be Configured Independently

100%

60%

40%

1000

600

400

0

CoS 6-7

CoS 4-5

CoS 0-3

Queue 1

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What is an Egress Queue-set?

4 Egress Queues per port

3 drop thresholds per Queue

Each port has a queue-set defined

Threshold values over 100% dip into

common pool (MAX).

Threshold defines drop precedence for a

class of traffic

Queue-set does not define bandwidth

Switch#show mls qos queue-set 1

Queueset: 1

Queue : 1 2 3 4

----------------------------------------------

buffers : 10 10 26 54

threshold1: 33 33 33 33

threshold2: 66 66 77 50

reserved : 92 92 100 67

maximum : 138 400 400 400

33%

All values in Percentages of 100

Egress port

MAX

T1

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

T2

LEVERAGE BOTH THE QUEUE SETS

100

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Mapping Classes to Egress Queues

Using ―maps‖, traffic classes mapped to Queue and threshold

Maps available for DSCP and COS.

64 DSCP values shown.

Each DSCP value maps to an egress Queue, and threshold

Queues range: 1-4, Threshold range:01-03

DSCP:63

Queue 2

Threshold 3

DSCP:0

Queue 4:

Threshold 3

DSCP:46

Queue 1

Threshold 3

Switch#show mls qos maps dscp-output-q

Dscp-outputq-threshold map:

d1 :d2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

------------------------------------------------------------

0 : 04-03 04-03 04-03 04-03 04-03 04-03 04-03 04-03 04-01 04-02

1 : 04-02 04-02 04-02 04-02 04-02 04-02 03-03 03-03 03-03 03-03

2 : 03-03 03-03 03-03 03-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03

3 : 02-03 02-03 03-03 03-03 03-03 03-03 03-03 03-03 03-03 03-03

4 : 01-03 01-03 01-03 01-03 01-03 01-03 01-03 01-03 02-03 02-03

5 : 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03

6 : 02-03 02-03 02-03 02-03

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Troubleshooting QoS Issues

Troubleshooting Steps Commands

Check for Errors/drops Ingress and Egress ports

show mls qos interface <> stats

Check Queue mapping show mls qos maps dscp-output-q

Check Egress Queue details show platform port-asic stats drop <>

Check and tune buffers show mls qos queue-set

Show mls qos maps dscp-output-q

mls qos queue-set output <> threshold

Command Summary

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches – Stack functions and operations

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

104

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Cisco Catalyst Smart Operations Intelligence—Health Assessment, Best Practice

Cost Savings: $15,000 (or 230 Hours) per 100 Switches*

ISR or 3K (“Director”), 4K, 6K Roadmap

Zero Touch Deployments and Maintenance

New Switch is Connected Software image downloaded; Configuration automatically applied

Smart Install

New Device Attached Port Configuration: Applied QoS Policy: Enforced Security Policy: Enforced

Plug and Play for End Devices Auto Smart Ports

Anomaly Detected Proactive diagnostics Alert created in real-time Web-based reports Routed to correct TAC team Remediation initiated

Quickly Identify and Resolve Network Issues

Smart Call Home

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Smart Install – The Nuts and Bolts

ISR or 3K (―Director‖)

Access Switches

SCALABLE AND ZERO TOUCH Quickly Identify

and Resolve Network Issues

New switch is connected

Software image is downloaded Configuration automatically applied

Step 1 – ENABLE THE DIRECTOR

Director# configure terminal

vstack director 10.0.0.33

vstack basic

Step 2 – Specify IMAGE & CONFIG using built-in group (uses external TFTP server)

vstack group built-in 2960 24

image tftp://10.0.0.10/c2960-universal-tar.122-52.SE.tar

config tftp://10.0.0.10/2960-24-built-in config.txt

exit

Step 3 – Specify external DHCP server

interface Vlan1

ip address 10.0.0.33

ip helper-address 10.0.0.10 (points to existing external DHCP server)

ip helper-address 10.0.0.11

ALTERNATIVELY … Enable DHCP server on the Director

vstack dhcp-localserver pool1

address-pool 10.0.1.0 255.255.0.0

default-router 10.0.0.33

file-server 10.0.0.33

Exit

ip dhcp remember

end

106

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Before Enabling Auto Smartports When ASP is enabled with default settings?

Enabling ASP by default enables detection for ALL device type

PROBLEM : Disturbs existing switch-to-switch, switch-

router connections

Changes the port configuration MAY affect connectivity

SOLUTION : Disable detection of devices like Switches and

Routers Disable ASP on uplink ports and ports connecting to

routers

Router ISR

SiSiSiSiSiSi

ASP enabled

Native vlan changes to vlan 1 by default causing VLAN mismatch

Ports go down

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ASP: configuration

1) Stub configuration on all ports – Access vlan 10

2960s(config)#int range GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 – 48

2960s(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 11

2960s(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

2) In this example, ASP is enabled for only Lightweight Access Points and IP Phones

2960s(config)#macro auto global control device phone lightweight -ap

ASP will not take any action for any other Cisco device if detected

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configuration Contd..

4) Enable ASP

2960s(config)#macro auto global processing

3) Set vlan parameters for the AP and IP phone

2960s(config)#macro auto device phone ACCESS_VLAN=11 VOICE_VLAN=10

2960s(config)#macro auto device lightweight-ap ACCESS_VLAN=11

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Sample Macro Configuration

110

interface $INTERFACE

macro description $TRIGGER

switchport access vlan $ACCESS_VLAN

switchport mode access

switchport block unicast

if [[ $AUTH_ENABLED -eq NO ]]; then

switchport voice vlan $VOICE_VLAN

fi

switchport port-security maximum 3

switchport port-security maximum 2 vlan access

switchport port-security

switchport port-security aging time 1

switchport port-security violation restrict

switchport port-security aging type inactivity

load-interval 30

auto qos voip cisco-phone

storm-control broadcast level pps 1k

storm-control multicast level pps 2k

storm-control action trap

spanning-tree portfast

spanning-tree bpduguard enable

ip dhcp snooping limit rate 15

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Agenda

Fixed Switching Portfolio

Software and Licensing

Architecture Overview

Packet Walks

Stacking Switches – Stack functions and operations

QoS

Cisco Smart Operations

Summary

111

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Call Out for Other Sessions

112

BRKCRS-3141 Troubleshooting Cisco Catalyst 3750 3560 and 2960 Series Switches Technical Breakout

BRKCRS-4381 Smart Operations - Power Tools for Catalyst switching network operations

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Q & A

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Complete Your Online

Session Evaluation Give us your feedback and you

could win fabulous prizes.

Winners announced daily.

Receive 20 Passport points for each

session evaluation you complete.

Complete your session evaluation

online now (open a browser through

our wireless network to access our

portal) or visit one of the Internet

stations throughout the Convention

Center.

Don‘t forget to activate your

Cisco Live Virtual account for access to

all session material, communities, and

on-demand and live activities throughout

the year. Activate your account at the

Cisco booth in the World of Solutions or visit

www.ciscolive.com.

114

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Final Thoughts

Get hands-on experience with the Walk-in Labs located in World of

Solutions, booth 1042

Come see demos of many key solutions and products in the main Cisco

booth 2924

Visit www.ciscoLive365.com after the event for updated PDFs, on-

demand session videos, networking, and more!

Follow Cisco Live! using social media:

‒ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ciscoliveus

‒ Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/CiscoLive

‒ LinkedIn Group: http://linkd.in/CiscoLI

115

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