citação revisitada _white

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Citation Analysis and Discourse Analysis Revisited HOWARD D. WHITE Drexel University, Philadelphia John Swales's 1986 article `Citation analysis and discourse analysis' was written by a discourse analyst to introduce citation research from other ®elds, mainly sociology of science, to his own discipline. Here, I introduce applied linguists and discourse analysts to citation studies from information science, a complementary tradition not emphasized by Swales. Using replicable biblio- metric techniques, I show that interdisciplinary ties have grown among citation researchers from discourse analysis, sociology of science, and information science in the years since Swales wrote. Key authors, journals, articles, and books are presented in tables based on cocitation data from the Institute for Scienti®c Information. While theoretical integration of the dierent strands of research is far from complete, this article carries the eort forward by reviewing contributions from the 1970s to the present in three major lines of research: citation classi®cation, content analysis of citation contexts, and studies of citer motivations. I pay particular attention to ideas that bear on teaching the art of citingÐfor example, in courses in English for research purposesÐand to controversies in citation research of interest to discourse analysts. INTRODUCTION Applied linguists analyse citers' practices to show empirical dierences in disciplinary rhetoric Hyland 2000, 2001) and to help teachers of English for research purposes ERP) teach citation in advanced writing courses Swales and Feak 2000). Sociologists of science analyse citers' practices because they bear on the social construction of knowledge Law and Williams 1982; Gilbert and Mulkay 1984) or on norms and strati®cation in disciplines that generate literatures Baldi 1998; Hargens 2000). Both ®elds have used citation data to trace the evolution of scienti®c and scholarly ideas Pickering and Nadel 1987; Bazerman 1988; Allen et al. 1994; Valle 1999; Salager-Meyer 1999). Given their complementary strengths, it would seem that both ®elds might combine to develop a comprehensive theory of citing. Instead, in `Citation analysis and discourse analysis,' Swales 1986) found that they seemed largely ignorant of each other's work: the citation analysts in sociology of science did not use the studies of citers' rhetorical choices from applied linguistics, and the discourse analysts in applied linguistics did not use the quantitative studies of citation functions by various social and information scientists. He therefore urged `some coming together' of the two ®elds more than 15 year ago. What has happened since? Applied Linguistics 25/1: 89±116 # Oxford University Press 2004

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