Čitanje požara
TRANSCRIPT
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“ČITANJE” POŽARA
Đerić Vladimir - CFBT Instructor
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ČITANJE POŽARA
Đerić Vladimir - CFBT Instructor
Čitanje požara obuhvata posmatranje:
dima
vazduha
toplote
plamena
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ZAŠTO?
Informacije o veličini požara
Lokalizacija izvora
Prepoznavanje opasnih stanja i zaštita od brzog
širenja požara
Bolju i sigurniju taktičku odluku
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KAKO?
Čitanje požara nije nepogrešiva veština
Temelji se na klasičnim i dokazanim parametrima
Čitanje požara je spoljašnja aktivnost
Uspoređivanjem dima koji izlazi na različite otvore-što više otvora vidite sagledate to bolje informacije dobijete
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3 Osnovna koncepta čitanja
Dim je gorivo
Gorivo se promenilo
Dim je eksplozivan
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DIM JE GORIVO
Dim je smeša:
Čestica (čvrstih materija)
Aerosola (tečnosti),
Gasova
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GORIVO SE PROMENILO
Sastav gorivog materijala, kojeg mi zovemo dim,
se promenio: od prirodnijih do sintetskih
Sintetički se brzo razlažu otpuštajući sve veće i
veće količine dima
10 kg. papira = izmeĎu 8 000 i 10 000 m3 dima
10 kg. plastike 20 000 m3 dima
Frižider = 2 m3 /s
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Dim je zapaljiv i eksplozivan
Dim će eksplodirati kada je u granicama
eksplozivnosti i kad je dovoljno visoka
temperatura
Dimu iznad GGE treba samo vazduh da bi se
zapalio (otvaranje vrata ili prozora!)
Svojstva kao i plin: tačka paljenja,
temperatura paljenja, sposobnost zapaljenja
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Đerić Vladimir - CFBT Instructor
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• Boja, volumen i gustoća dima
• Visina dimnog sloja
• Pulsiranje
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VOLUMEN I LOKACIJA?
Malo nam govore o požaru
Mali požar može napuniti veliki prostor
Da se veliki prostor napuni dimom potreban je
znatan dogaĎaj
Stepeništa, ventilacije
Ne gledati samostalno, već kao deo čitanja
požara
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BOJA
Uči se da boja dima zavisi od vrste materijala
koji gori
To važi za požare samo jedne vrste materijala
ili posebnih hemikalija, sa čim se vatrogasci
na terenu retko susreću
Mi vatrogasci: razna goriva (požar stana,
kuće)
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BOJA DIMA
Svetlija boja dima: temperatura je niska,
početak pirolize
Tamnija boja dima: slabiji dotok vazduha
(ugljenik u dimu)
Požar može svojom temperaturom
delovati na susedne prostorije-piroliza-
eksplozija dima
Kad plamen preĎe preko površine-crni
dim
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GUSTOĆA
Kako će se požar razvijati
Gušći dim ima više gorivog materijala
Pokazuje nam ozbiljnost razvoja
Manje vazduha dolazi požaru-nepotpuno
gorenje-gušći dim
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DIM
Turbulentni dim: visoka toplota i povratna
toplota od isijavanja
Turbulentni dim: predznak flashovera
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PULSIRANJE DIMA
Pulsiranje dima na
vratima ili
prozorima
Može dovesti to
„backdrafta”
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VISINA / DEBLJINA
DIMNOG SLOJA
• Visoko - rani stadijum požara ili velikog područja
• Srednja – vatra napreduje
• Nisko – tinjajući ili dobro napredujući požar, opasnost od „backdrafta”
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VISINA / DEBLJINA
DIMNOG SLOJA
Naglo podizanje – došlo do provetravanja (ventilacija)
Može pomoći da odredimo veličinu prostorije
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NAGLO SPUŠTANJE:
Predznak brzog razbuktavanja
Predznak Flashover-a
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Čitanje kretanja vazduha
Ako je kretanje vazduha „smireno” – rana
faza požara
Ako je kretanje vazduha „turbulentno” –
razvijen požar, često sa niskim slojem
dima
Usisavanje vazduha
Zvuk „šapat” vazduha
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Čitanje kretanja vazduha
Izolacija požara: zatvorite vrata
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Čitanje toplote
Crna stakla na prozorima
Mehuri na lakiranim površinama
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ČITANJE TOPLOTE
Nagli porast temperature
siguran je znak
nastupajućeg flashovera,
ali je onda prekasno
Provera temperature
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Čitanje plamena
Prošlost procesa ( dim nam predviđa
budućnost )
Volumen
Boja
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BOJA PLAMENA
Žuta: dovoljno kiseonika
Crvenkasta: manjak kiseonika
Plavo: gas ali i CO
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ZA KRAJ:
Dim gori, Dim je eksplozivan!
Izviđanje, 360°
Nesreće su se događale.
Koristiti ličnu zaštitnu opremu!
Đerić Vladimir - CFBT Instructor
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Đerić Vladimir - CFBT Instructor