cities grow & change
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Cities Grow & Change. Changes in American Life 1880-1914 Chapter 21, Section 1. Essential Questions. How did industrialization change life in the cities? What factors attributed to bad living conditions for the poor? How did political machines influence city life positively and negatively? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Cities Grow & ChangeChanges in American Life
1880-1914
Chapter 21, Section 1
Essential Questions
• How did industrialization change life in the cities?
• What factors attributed to bad living conditions for the poor?
• How did political machines influence city life positively and negatively?
• Who is responsible for helping those who can’t help themselves?
Growth of American Cities
• Industries Set Up Their Factories in Cities
• Cities Offered Good Transportation & Plenty of Workers
• Urbanization – The Growth of Cities
Growth of the Cities
• Millions of People Migrated (Moved) to American Cities
• Millions of Immigrants Came for Jobs!
• Many Struggling Farmers Moved to Cities for Jobs
Technology Helps Cities to Grow
• Skyscrapers:– Helped Millions of People
to Live in Cites
• Bessemer Steel Process Made it Cheaper to Make Steel (7x Cheaper!)
• Steel Was Used to Build Skyscrapers!– Very Sturdy! (9/11)
• Buildings Could Now Be Built Higher & Hold More People
Technology Helps Cities to Grow• Laying on the
Couch, Honk – Honk
• Elevators (1889) Otis Elevator Company Created the 1st Elevator
• All Buildings Used to be Built NO Higher Than 4 Floors
• WTC Had 110 Floors
Streetcars/Subways• Streetcars Improved
Transportation in Cities:– People Use to Walk & Or
Ride Horses/Wagons
• How Long Would It Take to Walk From the East to the West Side of NYC?
• Richmond, Virginia Was the 1st City Ever to Have Streetcars!
• Chicago Built Subways Above Ground (The “EL”) & NYC Built Subways Underground
Streetcars Expand Cities• Streetcars/Subways/
Trains Allowed for Cities to Expand
• People Could Live Farther & Farther Away from Cities
• Suburbs Emerged:– Valhalla
• More People Commuted to the Cities for Work & Entertainment
Tenements• Tenements Were
Overcrowded Apartments (Run-Down)
• Millions of People Moved into Cities to Find Jobs!
• Workers Earned Less Than $10 a Week:– Not Enough $$$ to Pay
For Rent!
• Moved in with Other Families in Tenements!
Dangerous Living Conditions!
• Tenements Were Extremely Dangerous to Live In:
– Old Buildings– Landlord Neglect– Poor Design– Little Government
Control
• Led to Poor Living Conditions!
The “Dumbell” Tenement
Poor Conditions of Tenements
• Major Problems Living in Tenements:– Overcrowded
(Families Shared Apartments)
– No Garbage Pick Up– Dumped Garbage
into Narrow Alleys– No Fresh Air– No Running Water– Sewage Flowed in
Open Gutters (Spread Disease)
Lewis Hine (Photographer)
• Lewis Hine was a Photographer Who Took Pictures of Tenements
• Why Did He Publish His Pictures in Newspapers?
Slums• Neighborhoods
Full of Tenements & Poverty
• Most Notorious Slum was the Lower East Side of Manhattan
• Irony Today?
The Social Gospel Movement
• A Movement For Improving the Lives of the Urban Poor
• Started by Protestant Churches
• 2 Major Goals:– End Child Labor– Open Up
Settlement Houses for the Poor
Settlement Houses• Settlement Houses
Helped the Poor Improve Their Lives:– Provided Daycare– Allowed Parents to
Work– Provided Education– Taught English Classes
to Immigrants– Offered Health Care to
the Poor
• Most Famous Settlement House was the Hull House
Jane Addams• Jane Addams is the
Founder of the HULL HOUSE!
• Dedicated Her Life to Helping the Poor
• The Hull House is the Most Famous Settlement House
• Founded in Chicago, 1889
The Hull House
Political Machines• Political Machines
are Organizations (Usually Corrupt) that Influence Enough Votes to Control a Local Government
• Exchanged Favors for Votes
• Political Machine Role Play!
Political Machines (+/-’s)• Positives (+’s):
– Built City Parks– Built Sewer
Systems– Built Schools– Built Roads– Built Orphanages– Helped Immigrants
Get Jobs– Helped Immigrants
Find Housing
• Negatives (-’s)– Gained Votes by
Trading for Favors
– Broke Rules to Win Elections
– Stole $$$ – Accepted &
Gave Bribes
Tammany Hall
• Most Notorious Political Machine of All Time!
• You Must Know William Marcy “Boss” Tweed
• Stole $$$ Millions of Dollars from NYC!
Tammany Hall
Jane Addams• Also Fought For
Women’s Rights as Workers (Equal Pay)
• Fought Against Child Labor
• Worked to Improve Housing Laws & Public Health Laws
• Was Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931
Essential Questions
• How did industrialization change life in the cities?
• What factors attributed to bad living conditions for the poor?
• How did political machines influence city life positively and negatively?
• Who is responsible for helping those who can’t help themselves?