City of Skopje

Workshop 03. - 05. June 2008 – Skopje TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SKOPJE:

NEW APROACH FOR BETTER QUALITY OF SERVICE

Prof. Dr. NIKOLA KRSTANOSKI

University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, BITOLA

Faculty for Technical Sciences

Department for Transport and Traffic Engineering

City of Skopje

Quick facts – Skopje the macedonian capital

•7088 ha

•Rapid development after the earthquake in 1963

•506 926 inhabitants in 2005 (25% of the total population)

•202 Passenger cars/1000 inhabitants

City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SKOPJE TODAY

•Public PT operator – JSP Skopje established in 1948

•Until 1990, the only operator in Skopje

•In 1989 amendments to the Law for road transport – deregulation of the PT

•Since 1990 public transport company + private operators

City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SKOPJE TODAY

Three PT operators:

•JSP Skopje – public –the biggest operator•“Sloboda prevoz” – private•“Mak Ekspres” – private

•83,75% of the lines (67) operated by JSP Skopje•16,25% of the lines (13) operated by the private operators

City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SKOPJE TODAY

JSP Skopje:•1290 employees•380 vehicles•250 vehicles operating daily•Average fleet age 17,4 years•45 000 000 passengers per year (compared to 150 000 000 passengers per year in 1989)•15 000 000 km per year•Commercial speed 18,5 km/h

City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SKOPJE TODAY

Private operators

•250 individual transporters organized in two private association•250 vehicles•27,27 years average bus age•13 lines (7 urban + 6 suburban and rural)•Rented maintenance facilities

City of Skopje

City of Skopje

Suburban and rural lines operated by JSP Skopje

City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT – THE PROBLEMS

The deregulation of PT – a step back:•No established policy, no objectives to be achieved, no vision for future development of PT in Skopje•very poorly planned and put into practice (no well-thought standards and criteria for providing of PT service)

The result: chaos and continuous deterioration of public transport services over the next 18 years

City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT TODAYTHE PROBLEMS

•Lack of policy for future sustainable development of the urban transport system in Skopje as a whole and PT system specifically

Currently: •the main planning of the transport system is within the general urban plan•this process must be improved and existing deficiencies to be overcome

City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT TODAYTHE PROBLEMS

•Business environment within the PT market

Currently: - deregulated market with examples where direct competition

between different service providers exists – (fight for passengers, no integrated services, no integrated ticketing)

- well-defined standards and criteria for doing a business in the PT are needed and their strict application is a must

City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT TODAYTHE PROBLEMS

•Problem of financing- bad business environment - deterioration of services -continuous loss of passengers – financial exhaustion of public PT company- no subsidies of any kind for PT providers – a rare case in Europe- recent huge increase of fuel prices as well as the other operational costs – additional financial burden

City of Skopje

Suburban and rural lines operated by JSP Skopje

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

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0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Revenue/expenditure ratioJSP Skopje

City of Skopje

Number of employees - JSP Skopje

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100200

300

400500

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700800

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10001100

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1300

14001500

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1978

1980

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City of Skopje

PUBLIC TRANSPORT TODAYTHE PROBLEMS

•Deterioration of the quality of service – loss of passengers

- very old vehicle fleet- problems with the service reliability (breakdowns, traffic congestion)- poor passenger information- low commercial speed – long travel times- un-convenient ticketing and fare system- pollution from PT vehicles

City of Skopje

Suburban and rural lines operated by JSP SkopjeNumber of passengers per year - JSP Skopje (in thousands)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

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1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

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1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

City of Skopje

Mobility and modal share – total and by PT

1965 1977 1998 2018

Inhabitants 220 000 385 000 545 000 615 000?

% of trips by PT 68 45 34? 45?

PT mobility per capita (trips per year) 201 290 193? 340?

Total mobility per capita (trips per year) 295 644 567? 756?

Total mobility (trips per year) 64 970 000 248 111 111 308 823 529? 464 666 667?

Total number of trips by PT per year 44 311 000 111 650 000 105 000 000? 209 100 000?

City of Skopje

OBJECTIVES

• to increase the modal share of PT – to increase the attractiveness of PT – to improve the PT service quality

TARGET GROUP

• the existing and the potential PT users

City of Skopje

PLANNED MEASURES

• To develop a strategy for development of sustainable urban transport system in Skopje

(to be developed soon as a specific activity within FP7 project RENESSAINCE)

• To develop a strategy for development of PT system in Skopje- The strategy includes solutions to the problems of PT organization – market definition, financing, quality of service, etc.)(strategy has been already done – its enforcing is to start soon)

City of Skopje

PLANNED MEASURES

• To improve the quality of service

- renewal of the vehicle fleet (the government has already approved purchase of 50 new

buses – financing from the state budget)

- introduction of AVL system (Automated Vehicle Location) in other to improve service reliability and service quality(in the process is the approval - demonstration project is planned with in the FP7 project RENESSAINCE)

City of Skopje

PLANNED MEASURES

• To improve the quality of service

- introduction of real-time passenger information(demonstration project is planned with in the FP7 project

RENESSAINCE)

- introduction of smart ticketing based on integrated fare system for all PT service providers

- introduction of Light Rail Transit for better service – faster, greater capacity, more environmentally friendly, greater comfort

(the project activities in progress - 3 + 1 lines planned)

City of Skopje

PLANNED MEASURES

• To reduce the pollution from PT vehicles

- conversion of transit diesel vehicles to CNG(The public PT company JSP SKOPJE has already converted 30 vehicles to CNG – more conversions will be done with in the FP7 project RENESSAINCE)

- introduction of electric powered LRT vehicles – the project activities in progress

City of Skopje

IMPLEMENATION PROBLEMS

• lack of sufficient financing sources

• political environment in the country and in the region

• lack of capacities (institutional and human)

• public awareness

City of Skopje

COOPERATION

• Department for Traffic and Transport Engineering, University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bitola

• Within the FP7 project RENESSAINCE cooperation with 27 partners from Italy, Great Britain, Netherlands, Poland and Bulgaria

•

City of Skopje

EXPECTED RESULTS

• to improve of the overall transport system in Skopje(less traffic congestion, less pollution, less time loss, better environment)

• to increase the attractiveness and the quality of service of the PT in Skopje(better modal share, increased number of public transport passengers,lessen pressure of private automobile, better environment)

• to meet the future demand for urban travel by planning PT modes with higher performance and capacity features

City of Skopje

NEXT STEPS

• to implement the strategy for PT development in Skopje• to develop the plan for sustainable urban transport system• to introduce the AVL system• to introduce the real-time passenger information system• to introduce integrated fare system and smart ticketing• to convert more PT buses to CNG• to introduce the LRT in Skopje