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Civics and Economics Slide 2 The American People Civics The study of rights and duties of citizens Popular sovereignty Government by consent of the governed Fair, free, and regular elections Equal justice under the law Majority rule Citizenship Birth Naturalization 1. Sign Declaration of Intention 2. File the Declaration of Intent with USCIS (Citizenship & Immigration Service) 3. After living in the U.S. for five years, immigrant must file an application for citizenship 4. Interview with a USCIS official 5. Must pass a citizenship exam 6. USCIS grants the application, and the applicant takes an oath of allegiance in a naturalization ceremony Slide 3 denaturalization - loss of citizenship through fraud or deception former Nazis expatriation - giving up citizenship and living in another country citizenship taken as punishment treason, participation in a rebellion, trying to violently overthrow the government South is the most populous part of the country South and West are growing faster than other parts population is growing older - people living longer more people earning college degrees Latinos (Hispanic) are the fastest growing ethnic group Slide 4 direct democracy - Athens city-state (ancient Greece) all the citizens met to debate the matters of government and the each one voted first hand representative democracy citizens choose a small group to represent them, make laws and govern on their behalf United States national government - senators & representatives Monarchy a government with a hereditary ruler, king queen or other royal figure who inherits their position of power Authoritarian power held by an individual or group not accountable to the people Totalitarian government control of almost every aspect of life control of media and use of propaganda, scare tactics and violence Slide 5 Roots of Democracy Enlightenment a movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society In 1215 the nobles rebelled against King John for harsh treatment, and forced him to sign the Magna Carta Magna Carta - Latin for The Great Charter protected nobles privileges and authority granted rights to landholders that were eventually applied to all English people equal treatment under the law trial by ones peers limited power of monarchy guaranteed that no one was above the law including the king Slide 6 natural rights - idea supported by John Locke people are born free, equal and independent and they possess natural rights life, liberty, and property that can not be taken away by government social contract - another of Lockes ideas government there is a contract between government and the people being ruled Basic idea is that people agree to give up part of their freedom to government in exchange for protection of natural rights If government fails to protect the people they become free to change government or create a new government for themselves Slide 7 Southern Colonies Middle Colonies New England Colonies Mercantilism the theory that a countrys power depends on its wealth a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys a favorable balance of trade (more exports and fewer imports) brings money into the country In order for mercantilism to be successful for Great Britain, the American colonies to be a source of cheap raw materials Slide 8 Causes of the Revolution French and Indian War 1754-1763 Albany Plan of Union plan proposed by a committee led by Ben Franklin that the colonies join together to oppose the French plan was rejected but showed a willingness of many colonist to join together especially concerning defense Proclamation of 1763 Forbid settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains Ohio River Valley was reserved for Native Americans Slide 9 Causes of the Revolution Stamp Act (1765) Englands first attempt to tighten control over the colonies. required the colonies to buy and place a stamp on most printed paper newspapers, books, legal documents including deeds, mortgages and wills Quartering Act (1765) required the colonies to house soldiers in if barracks and boarding houses were full, inns, livery stables and taverns, provide food and alcohol, candles, vinegar, salt and bedding without being paid Slide 10 Causes of the Revolution Stamp Act Congress representatives met in New York City to respond to the Stamp Act sent a petition to King that claimed Parliament had no authority to tax the colonies No Taxation Without Representation Stamp Act Repealed Actual representative Virtual representative Slide 11 Road to Revolution Townsend Duties passed to raise money from the colonies to pay for governors and judges who would be free of colonial control help enforce trade regulations Parliament declared that they had the right to tax the colonies Writs of Assistance - Search warrants that allowed customs officials to search for evidence of smuggling operations protest boycott - a refusal to buy goods as a form of protest Slide 12 Road to Revolution Boston Massacre protest at the customs house in 1770 where British soldiers fired into a crowd killing 5 people Shot Herd Around the World Tea Act (1773) gave the British East Indian Company the right to ship tea into the colonies without paying tax boycotts had almost bankrupted British East Indian Co Act would cut colonial tea importers out Boston Tea party (1773) colonist in Boston dressed up as Mohawk Indians and boarded tea ships and dumped 18,000 pounds of tea into the harbor Slide 13 Road to Revolution Intolerable Acts (1774) in reaction to the Boston Tea Party Parliament closed passed Boston Harbor until the colonist agreed to pay for the tea British General Gage who was commander of British forces in North America was appointed governor of Massachusetts, and he declared Martial Law Slide 14 Road to Revolution 1 st Continental Congress (1774) met in Philadelphia in September drew up a declaration of colonial rights defended the colonies right to run their own affairs supported the protest in Massachusetts declared that if England used force then the colonies should fight back agreed to meet back in May 1775 Slide 15 Road To Revolution 2 nd Continental Congress (1775) John Hancock presided delegated included John Adams, Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Richard Henry Lee congress took control of colonial army that had gathered outside Boston Olive Branch Petition - stated loyal to the king, but disapproved of actions of royal ministers and Parliament committee to write a formal Declaration of Independence - Thomas Jefferson John Adams lobbied for George Washington Appoint as commander in chief of Army unity Articles of Confederation Thomas Paine - English immigrant published a pamphlet called Common Sense called for complete independence form England argued that it was common sense to stop following the royal brute Slide 16 Colonies to States Article of Confederation the first government of the United States a league of friendship among the thirteen states written in 1777 finally approved by all states in1781 weak national government v strong state government experience with British Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Lack of Power and Money Congress had no power to collect taxes Congress had no power to regulate trade Congress had power to enforce its laws Lack of Central Power No central leader or group directed government policy - No President No national court system - state courts, Rules too Rigid Congress could not pass laws unless 9 of the 13 states agreed Articles could not be amended or changed unless all 13 states agreed Slide 17 Colonies to States Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Territory - Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin system of surveying - detailed measurement, still used today 13 colonies, Tennessee, Kentucky township system 6 mile square with 36 sections each 1 mile square Northwest Ordinance set the basic frame work for governing the territory territory governor territory secretary 3 territory judges 5,000 legal aged male was required before establishing a legislature set a standard for states being admitted in Union outlawed slavery in the entire territory Shayss Rebellion Daniel Shays was a farmer would was not able to pay state taxes when faced with foreclosure he was able to gather and arm 1300 farmers rebellion fell apart quickly but caused many states to realize that debt and high taxes were big problems Slide 18 Constitutional Convention Philadelphia 1787 convention to amend the Articles of Confederation each state was send delegates 55 men met - Ben Franklin, George Washington, James Madison not present was Thomas Jefferson and John Adams Amending the Articles soon proved difficult and the delegates decided to scrap it and start over each state delegation would have one vote Slide 19 Constitutional Convention George Washington was chosen to preside over the convention All the delegates agreed to keep the discussions private, keep the public away and not talk about what they were deciding very few notes were kept - most information about the proceedings come form the diary of James Madison Father of the Constitution Slide 20 Constitutional Compromises Virginia Plan Large state plan Representation based on population 3 branches of government Bicameral legislature New Jersey Plan small state plan Representation equal among states One house congress Power to tax and regulate trade The Connecticut Compromise (The Great Comprise) 3 branches of government Bicameral legislature Senate equal representation House of Rep. based on population Slide 21 Constitutional Compromises The Three Fifths Comprise Solution to the count of slave population House of Representatives Comprise on trade and South agreed Congress would regulate foreign and domestic trade North agreed Congress would not tax export or interfere with the slave trade until 1808 Federalists Anti-Federalist Slide 22 Constitutional Amendments Bill of Rights First 10 Amendments Citizen Rights Amendment 1Separation of church and state (establishment clause). Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, peaceable assembly. Amendment 2Right to bear arms. Amendment 4No illegal searches and seizures. Amendment 5Right to due process; no double jeopardy and no self-incrimination. Amendment 6Right to a speedy and public trial (jury trial) and the right to an attorney. Amendment 7Civil cases over $20 will receive a jury trial. Amendment 8No cruel and unusual punishment and no excessive bail. Slide 23 Additional Amendments Amendment 13Abolished slavery. Amendment 14No U.S. citizen shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. (originally drafted to protect freed slaves) Amendment 15The right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of race. Amendment 16Gave federal government right to collect income tax. Amendment 19Gave women the right to vote (womens suffrage). Amendment 24 Abolishes poll tax. Amendment 26 Sets voting age at 18 years. Slide 24 Citizenship and Government Citizen Rights Security Equality Liberty Citizen Duties Obey laws Pay taxes Defend the nation Attend school Citizen Responsibilities Be informed and vote Participate in government Respect rights and property of others Slide 25 Citizenship and Government Security protection by government secure in person and property Violations handled by law enforcement Equality equal treatment under the law fair pay for fair work, housing, Americans with disabilities, court Liberty rights guaranteed under the constitution free speech, free press, freedom of religion, assemble, petition own and keep firearms, trail by jury, search and seizure Slide 26 The Legislative Branch Bicameral Congress established with two bodies The Great Compromise (blending of the Virginia Plan and The New Jersey Plan) established Congress as a two-part legislature. Senate Equal representation each state has 2 Senators Vice President presides over the senate, but can only vote if there is a tie President pro tempore acts as the chairman of the senate Usually the senior member of the majority party Slide 27 The Legislative Branch House of Representatives Based on population Speaker of the House steers legislation through the House Leads floor debate 2 nd in the line of succession to the presidency Slide 28 Congressional Committees Most of the actual work in congress is performed by committee 3 types standing, select and joint Standing committees permanent committees Both houses have standing committees for agriculture, commerce and veterans affairs Select committees meet for a limited time to deal with special issues Intelligence, ethics, Indian Affairs Joint Committees formed from members of the Senate and House of Representative Meet to consider specific issues Economics, taxation