civics chapter 3 power point

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Chapter Introduction

Section 1: The Nation’s First Government

Section 2: The Road to the Constitution

Section 3: The Structure of Our Constitution

Section 4: Principles Underlying the Constitution

Visual Summary

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Chapter Intro 1

The Constitution outlines the ideals of American government and describes how they should be achieved. It tells you what your rights and privileges are. The Constitution affects you, your family, and your friends as much today as it affected those who wrote it more than 200 years ago.


Chapter Intro 2

Section 1: The Nation’s First Governments

Political principles and major events shape how people form governments. Americans faced the task of forming independent governments at both the state and national levels.


Chapter Intro 2

Section 2: The Road to the Constitution

Political principles and major events shape how people form governments. American leaders decided that a new constitution was needed.


Chapter Intro 2

Section 3: The Structure of Our Constitution

A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it. The Constitution is this nation’s fundamental law.


Chapter Intro 2

Section 4: Principles Underlying the Constitution

A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it. The Constitution sets forth the basic principles of government.


Section 1-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

Political principles and major events shape how people form governments.


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Section 1-Key Terms

Guide to Reading

Content Vocabulary

• constitution

• bicameral

• confederation

• ratify

Academic Vocabulary

• convert

• area

• impact



Section 1

The First State Constitutions

Americans faced the task of forming independent governments at both the state and national levels.


Section 1

The First State Constitutions (cont.)

• When the colonies organized as states, they wrote constitutions, which were written plans for government.

• Most state constitutions:

– Specified bicameral legislatures

– Provided for an elected governor

– Based on the ideas of the Declaration of Independence

– Included a bill of rights


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

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What do you think is the most important thing that a constitution provides?

A. A way of electing a governor

B. A plan for creating a legislature

C. A bill of rights

D. A method for setting up a court system


Section 1

The Articles of Confederation

The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation created problems for the new country.


Section 1

The Articles of Confederation (cont.)

• The Articles of Confederation were the first constitution of the United States.

• The Articles:

– Established a “league of friendship” among states

– Ratified by all thirteen states


Section 1


– Set up a one-house legislature called the Confederation Congress

– Withheld the powers to enforce laws and to tax from the Confederation Congress

• Ordinance of 1785:

– System created by the Confederation Congress for surveying and selling land

– System still used today


Section 1


• The Northwest Ordinance:

– Provided a way for territories to organize and become new states

– Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory


Section 1


• Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:

– Votes from nine states needed to pass a law

– Unanimous vote needed to change the Articles

– Congress unable to enforce laws

Weaknesses of the Articles of the Confederation


Section 1


• National and state debt after the Revolutionary War

– Led by Daniel Shays

– Sparked by debt due to heavy state taxes

– Armed attack on a federal arsenal

– Arguments for a stronger national government

• Shay’s Rebellion:


Section 2-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

Political principles and major events shape how people form governments.



Section 2-Key Terms

Guide to Reading

Content Vocabulary

• Constitutional Convention

• Great Compromise

• Three-Fifths Compromise

• Electoral College

• Federalists

• federalism

• Anti-Federalists

Academic Vocabulary

• process

• despite



Section 2

The Philadelphia Convention

American leaders decided to create a new plan of government.


Section 2

The Philadelphia Convention (cont.)

• The Congress asked each state to send delegates to Philadelphia to fix the problems with the Articles of Confederation.

• Constitutional Convention began in Philadelphia’s Independence Hall in 1787.

Who Were the Delegates?


Section 2


• Delegates:

– 55 in all

– Benjamin Franklin as the oldest delegate

– George Washington and James Madison as future presidents


Section 2


• Leaders not in attendance:

– Thomas Jefferson in Paris

– John Adams in London

– Patrick Henry against the convention


Section 2


• Important decisions made by the delegates:

– George Washington presided over convention.

– Each state got one vote and a simple majority would decide any issue.

– Work was kept secret.

– Created a new constitution, thus called the Constitutional Convention.


Section 2

Creating the Constitution

Many of the provisions of the Constitution were arrived at through a series of compromises.


Section 2

Creating the Constitution (cont.)

• The Constitution was the result of a series of compromises that combined the best ideas of different plans.

• The Virginia Plan:

– Called for a government similar to the one we have today

– Two-house congress


Section 2


– Representation in the two houses of congress based on each state’s population

– Favored by larger states

– Because they had more population, delegates from their states would be able to control the vote


Section 2


• The New Jersey Plan:

– One-house congress

– Equal representation and equal votes

– Favored by smaller states


Section 2


• The Great Compromise settling the structure of Congress

• Representation based on population in the House, equal in the Senate (2 for each state)

• The Three-Fifths Compromise settling that every five enslaved persons would count as three free persons

• Congress able to regulate trade between states and other countries


Section 2


• Congress unable to tax exports or interfere with the slave trade before 1808.

• Electoral College created to select the president and vice president


Section 2

Balancing Viewpoints

Writing the new Constitution and getting the American people to approve it was not an easy task.


Section 2

Balancing Viewpoints (cont.)

• Signing of the Constitution

• Various factions interpreted the new Constitution differently.


Section 2


• Federalists:

– Supported dividing power between federal and state governments

– Supported the Constitution as it was written in Philadelphia


Section 2


• Anti-Federalists:

– Opposed a powerful central or national government

– Opposed the Constitution as it was written in Philadelphia


Section 2


• Bill of rights added to the Constitution

• Persuaded anti-federalists to ratify the Constitution

• They felt Bill of Rights would protect individuals and states

• Ratification of the Constitution

Ratification of the Constitution


Section 3-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it.



Section 3-Key Terms

Guide to Reading

Content Vocabulary

• Preamble

• legislative branch

• executive branch

• judicial branch

• amendment

Academic Vocabulary

• consist

• assume



Section 3

The Sections of the Constitution

The Constitution is a remarkable document that serves as an adaptable blueprint for governing the United States.


Section 3

The Sections of the Constitution (cont.)

• The Constitution is divided into three sections: the preamble, the articles, and the amendments.

• Preamble:

– Establishes that power of government comes from the people

– States six purposes of government


Section 3

• Article I:

– Creates a two-house legislative branch

– Outlines the duties of the Congress in making laws



Section 3

• Article II:

– Provides for the executive branch

– President carries out and enforces the laws made in Congress

– Explains how leaders are elected to office and how they can be removed



Section 3

• Article III:

– Establishes the judicial branch

– Judicial branch interprets laws

– Creates a court system and lists its powers



Section 3

• Articles IV-VII:– Explains relationship between state and

national government

– Tells how the Constitution can be changed

– Article VI Declares the Constitution as the “supreme Law of the Land”


Comparing Governments


Section 3

Amending the Constitution

The Framers wrote the Constitution so that it could be adapted to meet changing needs.


Section 3

Amending the Constitution (cont.)

• The Constitution can be changed or amended to adapt to the country’s changing needs, but amending it is a difficult process.

• 27 amendments ratified

• Amendments in safeguarding freedoms


Section 3

• Process for amending the Constitution:

– Proposal by congressional action or national convention

– Ratification by three-fourths of states




Section 3

• Interpretation:

– Necessary and proper clause allows Congress to exercise implied powers

– Supreme Court has the final authority to interpret the Constitution

– Legislative and Executive actions have caused interpretations

– Changes made to the Constitution through customs that develop over years



Section 4-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it.



Section 4-Key Terms

Guide to Reading

Content Vocabulary

• popular sovereignty

• rule of law

• separation of powers

• checks and balances

• expressed powers

• reserved powers

• concurrent powers



Section 4-Key Terms

Guide to Reading

Academic Vocabulary

• ensure

• assign



A. A

B. B

Section 4-Polling Question

Should one branch of government hold more power than the others?

A. Yes

B. No

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Section 4

Major Principles of Government

The Constitution sets forth the basic principles of government.

Section 4

Major Principles of Government (cont.)

• The Constitution establishes the basic principles of the government of the United States.

• Five fundamental principles of government:

– Popular sovereignty

– The notion that power lies with the people

– The rule of law

– Laws apply to everyone, even government

Section 4


– Checks and balances– Federalism

– Power divided between states and federal government

• Changes in the meaning of republic

Foundations of Rights

– Separation of powers

– Split authority among 3 branches

Section 4


• Popular sovereignty:

– Power lies with the people

– Ensured by the Constitution through elections

Section 4


• Rule of law:

– Power of the government is limited

– Law applies to everyone

• Separation of powers:

– Branches of government have different functions

– Idea influenced by philosopher Montesquieu

Section 4


• Checks and balances:

– Prevents one branch from becoming too powerful

– Each branch able to limit the power of the others

A System of Check and Balances

Section 4

The Principle of Federalism

The Constitution created a federal system of government. Under federalism, power is divided between national and state governments.

Section 4

The Principle of Federalism (cont.)

• The Constitution establishes a system of federalism where power is divided between national and state governments.

Section 4


• Three types of government power:

– Expressed powers granted to the national government

– Reserved powers kept by the states

– Concurrent powers exercised by both national and state governments

Federal and State Powers

Section 4


• Supremacy clause:

– Constitution is the highest law

– National government or state governments cannot violate the Constitution

– National laws win out

• The Constitution is both durable and adaptable.

VS 1

The Constitution

The Constitution is this nation’s fundamental law. It established that our nation is a republic that includes:

• an elected president;

• a bicameral legislature;

• a system of courts.

The Constitution is made up of three parts:

• the Preamble

• the Articles

• the Amendments

VS 2

The Constitution (cont.)

The Constitution sets forth the five basic principles upon which the American system of government rests.

1. popular sovereignty

2. the rule of law

3. separation of powers

4. checks and balances

5. federalism

VS 3

The Constitution (cont.)

In setting up a federal system, the writers of the Constitution divided the powers of government into three types:

• Enumerated powers are those powers the Constitution specifically gives to the national government.

• Reserved powers are those that the Constitution gives to the states.

• Concurrent powers are those that the national and state governments share.

VS 4

The Supremacy Clause

Found in Article VI, the supremacy clause states that the Constitution and the laws of the national government are the “supreme law of the land.” In any conflict between national law and state law, the national law has the higher authority.

VS 5


Any change in the Constitution is called an amendment. The Constitution has 27 amendments.

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TIME Trans

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It set up a two-house legislature in which representation in one house was the same for all states and representation in the other house was based on population.

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Vocab1

constitution

a detailed, written plan for government

Vocab2

bicameral

a legislature consisting of two parts, or houses

Vocab3

confederation

a group of individuals or state governments

Vocab4

ratify

to vote approval of

Vocab5

convert

to change from one belief, form, or use to another

Vocab6

area

a region or section

Vocab7

impact

to influence or effect

Vocab8

Constitutional Convention

meeting of state delegates in 1787 leading to adoption of new Constitution

Vocab9

Great Compromise

agreement providing a dual system of congressional representation

Vocab10

Three-fifths Compromise

agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of other persons in determining representation in Congress

Vocab11

Electoral College

a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

Vocab12

Federalists

supporters of the Constitution

Vocab13

federalism

a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states

Vocab14

Anti-Federalists

those who opposed ratification of the Constitution

Vocab15

process

an action or a series of actions directed toward a result

Vocab16

despite

in spite of

Vocab17

Preamble

the opening section of the Constitution

Vocab18

legislative branch

the lawmaking branch of government

Vocab19

executive branch

the branch of government that carries out laws

Vocab20

judicial branch

the branch of government that interprets laws

Vocab21

amendment

any change in the Constitution

Vocab22

consist

to be made up of

Vocab23

assume

to take over a job or responsibility

Vocab24

popular sovereignty

the notion that power lies with the people

Vocab25

rule of law

principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern

Vocab26

separation of powers

the split of authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

Vocab27

checks and balances

a system in which each branch of government is able to check, or restrain, the power of the others

Vocab28

expressed powers

powers that Congress has that are specifically listed in the Constitution

Vocab29

reserved powers

powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states

Vocab30

concurrent powers

powers shared by the state and federal governments

Vocab31

ensure

to secure or make sure

Vocab32

assign

to dole out or give as a task

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