civil code in one document

8/8/2019 Civil Code in One Document

1/151

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 386

AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE

THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

PRELIMINARY TITLE

CHAPTER I

EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS

Artcle 1. T!" Ac# "$ll %e &'()' $" #e"Civil Code of the Philippines."*'+Ar#. ,. L$)" "$ll #$&e e-ec# $er /ee' 0$" 2(ll()!' #e c(45let(' (2 #e!r 5%l!c$t(' !' #e O7c!$l $9e:e; 'le"" !# !"

(#er)!"e 5r(

Ar#. 3. I'(r$'ce (2 #e l$) e=c"e" '( ('e 2r(4 c(45l!$'ce #ere)!#. *,+

Ar#. >. L$)" "$ll $

#( $ #!r0 5er"(' )!# $ r!# rec('!9e0 % l$). *>$+

Ar#. . L$)" $re re5e$le0 ('l % "%"ee'# ('e"; $'0 #e!r

A04!'!"#r$t

Ar#. 1?. L$)" rel$t' #( 2$4!l r!#" $'0 0te"; (r #( #e "#$#"; c('0!t(' $'0 le$l c$5$c!# (2 5er"('" $re %!'0!' 5(' c!t9e'" (2

#e P!l!55!'e"; e

Ar#. 16. Re$l 5r(5er# $" )ell $" 5er"('$l 5r(5er# !" "%@ec# #( #e l$) (2 #e c('#r )ere !# !" "t5l$#e0.

H()e

Ar#. 1. Te 2(r4" $'0 "(le4'!te" (2 c('#r$c#"; )!ll"; $'0 (#er 5%l!c !'"#r4e'#" "$ll %e (

Ar#. 1. E


2/151

Ar#. ,1. A' 5er"(' )( )!l2ll c$"e" l("" (r !'@r #( $'(#er !' $ 4$''er #$# !" c('#r$r #( 4(r$l"; ((0 c"#(4" (r 5%l!c 5(l!c

"$ll c(45e'"$#e #e l$:er 2(r #e 0$4$e.

Ar#. ,,. E

*>+ Ve=!' (r 4!l!$t' $'(#er (' $cc('# (2 !" rel!!(" %el!e2"; l()l "#$t(' !' l!2e; 5l$ce (2 %!r#; 5"!c$l 0e2ec#; (r

(#er 5er"('$l c('0!t('.

Ar#. ,. A' 5er"(' "-er!' 4$#er!$l (r 4(r$l l("" %ec$"e $ 5%l!c "er

Ar#. 3. We' $ "e5$r$#e c!

*,+ Free0(4 (2 "5eecG

*3+ Free0(4 #( )r!#e 2(r #e 5re"" (r #( 4$!'#$!' $ 5er!(0!c$l 5%l!c$t('G

*>+ Free0(4 2r(4 $r%!#r$r (r !lle$l 0e#e't('G

*?+ Free0(4 (2 "-r$eG

*6+ Te r!# $$!'"# 0e5r!*1?+ Te r!# (2 #e $cc"e0 $$!'"# e=ce""!


3/151

*18+ Free0(4 2r(4 e=ce""!

(r (#er 5e'$l "#$##e.Ar#. 33. I' c$"e" (2 0e2$4$t('; 2r$0; $'0 5"!c$l !'@r!e" $ c!

$ct('; 4$ %e %r(# % #e !'@re0 5$r#. Sc c!

2(r 0$4$e" $$!'"# #e $llee0 (-e'0er. Sc c!

I2 0r!' #e 5e'0e'c (2 #e c!

Ar#. 36. Pre@0!c!$l e"t('" )!c 4"# %e 0ec!0e0 %e2(re $' cr!4!'$l 5r("ect(' 4$ %e !'"t##e0 (r 4$ 5r(cee0; "$ll %e

(

Ar#. 3. Te 2(ll()!' c!rc4"#$'ce"; $4(' (#er"; 4(0!2 (r l!4!# c$5$c!# #( $c# $e; !'"$'!#; !4%ec!l!#; #e "#$#e (2 %e!' $ 0e$2

4#e; 5e'$l#; 5r(0!$l!#; 2$4!l rel$t('"; $l!e'$e; $%"e'ce; !'"(l

Ar#. >1. F(r c!

Te e-ec# (2 0e$# 5(' #e r!#" $'0 (%l!$t('" (2 #e 0ece$"e0 !" 0e#er4!'e0 % l$); % c('#r$c# $'0 % )!ll. *3,$+


4/151


5/151

I' c$"e (2 $ 4$rr!$e (' #e 5(!'# (2 0e$#; )e' #e 0!' 5$r#; %e!' 5"!c$ll '$%le; c$''(# "!' #e !'"#r4e'# % "!'$#re (r

4$r&; !# "$ll %e "7c!e'# 2(r ('e (2 #e )!#'e""e" #( #e 4$rr!$e #( "!' !' !" '$4e; )!c 2$c# "$ll %e $:e"#e0 % #e 4!'!"#er

"(le4'!9!' #e 4$rr!$e. *3+

Ar#. ?6. M$rr!$e 4$ %e "(le4'!9e0 %

*1+ Te C!e2 "tce $'0 A""(c!$#e "tce" (2 #e S5re4e C(r#G

*,+ Te Pre"!0!' "tce $'0 #e "tce" (2 #e C(r# (2 A55e$l"G

*3+ 0e" (2 #e C(r#" (2 F!r"# I'"#$'ceG

*>+ M$(r" (2 c!te" $'0 4'!c!5$l!te"G

*?+ M'!c!5$l @0e" $'0 @"tce" (2 #e 5e$ceG

*6+ Pr!e"#"; r$%%!"; 4!'!"#er" (2 #e ("5el (2 $' 0e'(4!'$t('; crc; rel!!(' (r "ec#; 0l re!"#ere0; $" 5r(

*+ S!5 c$5#$!'"; $!r5l$'e c!e2"; 4!l!#$r c(44$'0er"; $'0 c('"l" $'0

$'0 ?. *>$+

Ar#. ?. Te 4$rr!$e "$ll %e "(le4'!9e0 5%l!cl !' #e (7ce (2 #e @0e !' (5e' c(r# (r (2 #e 4$(rG (r !' #e crc; c$5el (r

#e45le; $" #e c$"e 4$ %e; $'0 '(# el"e)ere; e=ce5# !' c$"e" (2 4$rr!$e" c('#r$c#e0 (' #e 5(!'# (2 0e$# (r !' re4(#e 5l$ce" !'

$cc(r0$'ce )!# Artcle , (2 #!" C(0e; (r !' c$"e (2 4$rr!$e re2erre0 #( !' Artcle 6 (r )e' ('e (2 #e 5$re'#" (r #e $r0!$' (2

#e 2e4$le (r #e l$:er er"el2 !2 (

$' 5%l!c (7c!$l $#(r!9e0 #( $04!'!"#er ($#"; #( $' $55l!c$t(' !' )r!t' "e' 2(r# #$# "c 5$r# $" #e 'ece""$r

$l!/c$t('" 2(r c('#r$ct' 4$rr!$e. Te $55l!c$'#"; #e!r 5$re'#" (r $r0!$'" "$ll '(# %e re!re0 #( e=!%!# #e!r re"!0e'ce

cert/c$#e" !' $' 2(r4$l!# !' c(''ect(' )!# #e "ecr!' (2 #e 4$rr!$e l!ce'"e. Sc $55l!c$t(' "$ll !'"(2$r $" 5(""!%le c('#$!'

#e 2(ll()!' 0$#$

*1+ Fll '$4e (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$r#G

*,+ Pl$ce (2 %!r#G

*3+ Ae; 0$#e (2 %!r#G

*>+ C!

*+ Deree (2 rel$t('"!5 (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte"G

*8+ Fll '$4e (2 #e 2$#erG

*+ Re"!0e'ce (2 #e 2$#erG*1+ Fll '$4e (2 #e 4(#erG

*11+ Re"!0e'ce (2 #e 4(#erG

*1,+ Fll '$4e $'0 re"!0e'ce (2 #e $r0!$' (r 5er"(' $

4(#er $'0 !" '0er #e $e (2 #)e'# e$r"; !2 $ 4$le; (r e!#ee' e$r" !2 $ 2e4$le. *$+

Ar#. 6. Te l(c$l c!

cert/c$#e" (r cert/e0 c(5!e" (2 #e 0(c4e'#" re!re0 % #!" $rtcle 'ee0 '(# #( %e ")(r' #( $'0 "$ll %e e=e45# 2r(4 #e

0(c4e'#$r "#$45 #$=. Te "!'$#re $'0 (7c!$l t#le (2 #e 5er"(' !""!' #e cert/c$#e "$ll %e "7c!e'# 5r((2 (2 !#" $#e'tc!#.

I2 e!#er (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte" !" '$%le #( 5r(0ce !" %$5t"4$l (r %!r# cert/c$#e (r $ cert/e0 c(5 (2 e!#er %ec$"e (2 #e

0e"#rct(' (r l("" (2 #e (r!!'$l; (r !2 !# !" "()' % $' $70$

5re

0ecl$r$t(' (2 #)( )!#'e""e"; (2 l$)2l $e; (2 e!#er "e=; "e' 2(r# #e 2ll '$4e; 5r(2e""!('; $'0 re"!0e'ce (2 "c c('#r$ct'

5$r# $'0 (2 !" (r er 5$re'#"; !2 &'()'; $'0 #e 5l$ce $'0 0$#e (2 %!r# (2 "c 5$r#. Te 'e$re"# (2 &!' (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte"

"$ll %e 5re2erre0 $" )!#'e""e"; $'0 !' #e!r 0e2$l#; 5er"('" )ell &'()' !' #e 5r(

)e' #e l(c$l c!

e!#er (r %(# (2 #e4 $


6/151

0!

#e 4$le $'0 le"" #$' e!#ee' e$r" $" re$r0" #e 2e4$le; #e "$ll; !' $00!t(' #( #e re!re4e'#" (2 #e 5rece0!' $rtcle";

e=!%!# #( #e l(c$l c!

$55l!c$'#" 2(r $ 4$rr!$e l!ce'"e $'0 (#er !'2(r4$t(' !

#e 5%l!c$t('; 'le"" #e l(c$l c!

e=$4!'!' 5er"('" '0er ($#. I2 e !" c('

'0re0 5e"("; $ 2$c# cert/e0 #(; )!#(# c("#; % #e 5r(

% #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte" %e2(re #e l(c$l c!

4$rr!$e l!ce'"e c$' %e (%#$!'e0; #( 5r(

Ar#. 6. Te 4$rr!$e cert/c$#e !' )!c #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte" "$ll "#$#e #$# #e #$&e e$c (#er $" "%$'0 $'0 )!2e; "$ll $l"(

c('#$!'

*1+ Te 2ll '$4e" $'0 0(4!c!le" (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte"G*,+ Te $e (2 e$cG

*3+ A "#$#e4e'# #$# #e 5r(5er 4$rr!$e l!ce'"e $" %ee' !""e0 $cc(r0!' #( l$) $'0 #$# #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte" $

$ 4$rr!$e c('#r$c# "(le4'!9e0 % !4; !'cl0!' 4$rr!$e" (2 $' e=ce5t('$l c$r$c#er. Te (7c!$l; 5r!e"#; (r 4!'!"#er "(le4'!9!'

#e 4$rr!$e "$ll re#$!' #e #!r0 c(5 (2 #e 4$rr!$e c('#r$c#; #e 4$rr!$e l!ce'"e $'0 #e $70$

#e (r0er !' )!c #e "$4e "$ll %e rece!


7/151

MARRIAES OF ECEPTIONAL CHARACTER

Ar#. ,. I' c$"e e!#er (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte" !" (' #e 5(!'# (2 0e$# (r #e 2e4$le $" er $%!#$l re"!0e'ce $# $ 5l$ce 4(re

#$' /ee' &!l(4e#er" 0!"#$'# 2r(4 #e 4'!c!5$l %!l0!' $'0 #ere !" '( c(44'!c$t(' % r$!lr($0 (r % 5r(

c$"e" #e (7c!$l; 5r!e"#; (r 4!'!"#er "(le4'!9!' !# "$ll "#$#e !' $' $70$

% #e 5er"(' "(le4'!9!' #e 4$rr!$e #( #e l(c$l c!

%e 5er2(r4e0 % "c c('"l" $'0

Ar#. 6. N( 4$rr!$e l!ce'"e "$ll %e 'ece""$r )e' $ 4$' $'0 $ )(4$' )( $

Ar#. . I' c$"e #)( 5er"('" 4$rr!e0 !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# l$) 0e"!re #( r$t2 #e!r '!(' !' c('2(r4!# )!# #e rel$t('"; r!#e"; (r

5r$ctce" (2 $' crc; "ec#; (r rel!!(' !# "$ll '( l('er %e 'ece""$r #( c(45l )!# #e re!re4e'#" (2 C$5#er 1 (2 #!" T!#le $'0

$' r$t/c$t(' 4$0e "$ll 4erel %e c('"!0ere0 $" $ 5rel rel!!(" cere4('. *,3+

Ar#. 8. M$rr!$e" %e#)ee' M($44e0$'" (r 5$$'" )( l!

H()e

I'#er!(r; 4$ $# $' t4e %e2(re #e e=5!r$t(' (2 "$!0 5er!(0; % 5r(cl$4$t('; 4$&e $' (2 "$!0 5r(

*?+ I'ce"#(" 4$rr!$e" 4e't('e0 !' Artcle 81G

*6+ T("e )ere ('e (r %(# c('#r$ct' 5$rte" $


8/151

*1+ Be#)ee' "#e52$#er" $'0 "#e50$#er"; $'0 "#e54(#er" $'0 "#e5"('"G

*,+ Be#)ee' #e $0(5t' 2$#er (r 4(#er $'0 #e $0(5#e0; %e#)ee' #e l$:er $'0 #e "r

%e#)ee' #e 2(r4er $'0 #e "r

Ar#. 83. A' 4$rr!$e "%"ee'#l c('#r$c#e0 % $' 5er"(' 0r!' #e l!2et4e (2 #e /r"# "5("e (2 "c 5er"(' )!# $' 5er"('

(#er #$' "c /r"# "5("e "$ll %e !lle$l $'0 e'er$ll c('"!0ere0 $" 0e$0 $'0 %el!e

*>+ T$# #e c('"e'# (2 e!#er 5$r# )$" (%#$!'e0 % 2r$0; 'le"" "c 5$r# $er)$r0"; )!# 2ll &'()le0e (2 #e 2$c#"

c('"t#t' #e 2r$0; 2reel c($%!#e0 )!# #e (#er $" er "%$'0 (r !" )!2e; $" #e c$"e 4$ %eG

*?+ T$# #e c('"e'# (2 e!#er 5$r# )$" (%#$!'e0 % 2(rce (r !'t4!0$t('; 'le"" #e

*6+ T$# e!#er 5$r# )$"; $# #e t4e (2 4$rr!$e; 5"!c$ll !'c$5$%le (2 e'#er!' !'#( #e 4$rr!e0 "#$#e; $'0 "c

!'c$5$c!# c('t'e"; $'0 $55e$r" #( %e !'cr$%le. *3$+

Ar#. 86. A' (2 #e 2(ll()!' c!rc4"#$'ce" "$ll c('"t##e 2r$0 re2erre0 #( !' N4%er > (2 #e 5rece0!' $rtcle

*1+ M!"re5re"e'#$t(' $" #( #e !0e't# (2 ('e (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte"G

*,+ N('0!"cl("re (2 #e 5re

$ct(' 2(r #e $''l4e'# (2 4$rr!$e. *'+

Ar#. 8. Te $ct(' 2(r $''l4e'# (2 4$rr!$e 4"# %e c(44e'ce0 % #e 5$rte" $'0 )!#!' #e 5er!(0" $" 2(ll()"

*1+ F(r c$"e" 4e't('e0 !' N4%er 1 (2 Artcle 8?; % #e 5$r# )("e 5$re'# (r $r0!$' 0!0 '(# !

*,+ F(r c$"e" 4e't('e0 !' N4%er , (2 Artcle 8?; % #e "5("e )( $" %ee' $%"e'#; 0r!' !" (r er l!2et4eG (r %

e!#er "5("e (2 #e "%"ee'# 4$rr!$e 0r!' #e l!2et4e (2 #e (#erG

*3+ F(r c$"e" 4e't('e0 !' N4%er 3 (2 Artcle 8?; % #e "$'e "5("e; )( $0 '( &'()le0e (2 #e (#er" !'"$'!#G (r

% $' rel$t


9/151

Ar#. 1. D$4$e" 4$ %e $)$r0e0 !' #e 2(ll()!' c$"e" )e' #e 4$rr!$e !" @0!c!$ll $''lle0 (r 0ecl$re0

5r!e"# (r 4!'!"#er !' $ "!#$%le re!"#er $'0 !""e #( !4 $' $#(r!9$t(' #( "(le4'!9e 4$rr!$e. S$!0 5r!e"# (r 4!'!"#er (r r$%%! "$ll

%e (%l!e0 #( e=!%!# !" $#(r!9$t(' #( #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte"; #( #e!r 5$re'#"; r$'05$re'#"; $r0!$'"; (r 5er"('" !' c$re

0e4$'0!' #e "$4e. N( 5r!e"# (r 4!'!"#er '(# $

!" crc. *'+

Ar#. >. Te 5%l!c (7c!$l !' c$re (2 re!"#r$t(' (2 5r!e"#" $'0 4!'!"#er" "$ll c$'cel #e $#(r!9$t(' !""e0 #( $ %!"(5; e$0;

5r!e"#; r$%%!; 5$"#(r (r 4!'!"#er (2 #e ("5el (2 $' 0e'(4!'$t('; crc; "ec#; (r rel!!('; (' !" ()' !'!t$t

"(le4'!9e 4$rr!$e"; $'0 (#er $c#" (r (4!""!('" rel$t

%e#)ee' #e 5$rte" #( (%#$!' le$l "e5$r$t(' "$ll c$"e #e 0!"4!""$l (2 #e 5ett('. *3$; Ac# N(. ,1+

Ar#. 11. N( 0ecree (2 le$l "e5$r$t(' "$ll %e 5r(4l$#e0 5(' $ "t5l$t(' (2 2$c#" (r % c('2e""!(' (2 @04e'#.

I' c$"e (2 '('$55e$r$'ce (2 #e 0e2e'0$'#; #e c(r# "$ll (r0er #e 5r("ect' $:(r'e #( !'!re )e#er (r '(# $ c(ll"!('

%e#)ee' #e 5$rte" e=!"#". I2 #ere !" '( c(ll"!('; #e 5r("ect' $:(r'e "$ll !'#er

c('!9$'# (2 #e c$"e $'0 )!#!' /


10/151

Ar#. 1>. Aer #e /l!' (2 #e 5ett(' 2(r le$l "e5$r$t('; #e "5("e" "$ll %e e't#le0 #( l!

#e!r "55(r#G $'0 !' 0e2$l# #ere(2 "$!0 4!'(r c!l0re' "$ll %e c$re0 2(r !' c('2(r4!# )!# #e 5r(

*1+ Te "5("e" "$ll %e e't#le0 #( l!*3+ Te c"#(0 (2 #e 4!'(r c!l0re' "$ll %e $)$r0e0 #( #e !''(ce'# "5("e; 'le"" (#er)!"e 0!rec#e0 % #e c(r# !' #e

!'#ere"# (2 "$!0 4!'(r"; 2(r )(4 "$!0 c(r# 4$ $55(!'# $ $r0!$'G

*>+ Te (-e'0!' "5("e "$ll %e 0!"$l!/e0 2r(4 !'er!t' 2r(4 #e !''(ce'# "5("e % !'#e"#$#e "cce""!('. M(re(

4$0e % !4 (r % er #( #e (-e'0!' "5("e. Al!e'$t(' $'0 4(r#$e" 4$0e %e2(re #e '(#$t(' (2 #e c(45l$!'# 2(r re

1?. *1$. Ac# ,1+

T!#le V. RIHTS AND OBLIATIONS

BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE

Ar#. 1. Te "%$'0 $'0 )!2e $re (%l!e0 #( l!"(l0 l!

5r(5er#; % "t5l$t(' !' #e 4$rr!$e "e:le4e'#"; #e "%$'0 $'0 )!2e "$ll c('#r!%#e 5r(5(rt('$#el #( #e 2$4!l

e=5e'"e". *'+

Ar#. 11,. Te "%$'0 !" #e $04!'!"#r$#(r (2 #e c('@$l 5r(5er#; 'le"" #ere !" $ "t5l$t(' !' #e 4$rr!$e "e:le4e'#"

c('2err!' #e $04!'!"#r$t(' 5(' #e )!2e. Se 4$ $l"( $04!'!"#er #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 !' (#er c$"e" "5ec!/e0 !' #!"

C(0e. *'+

Ar#. 113. Te "%$'0 4"# %e @(!'e0 !' $ll "!#" % (r $$!'"# #e )!2e; e=ce5#

*1+ We' #e $re @0!c!$ll "e5$r$#e0G

*,+ I2 #e $

*1+ I' $' $ct(' 5(' $ $"!0el!c#.

I' #e c$"e" 4e't('e0 !' N(". #( 1; #e "%$'0 4"# %e @(!'e0 $" $ 5$r# 0e2e'0$'# !2 #e #!r0 5$r$r$5 (2 Artcle

163 !" $55l!c$%le. *'+

Ar#. 11>. Te )!2e c$''(#; )!#(# #e "%$'0" c('"e'# $c!re $' 5r(5er# % r$#!#(" t#le; e=ce5# 2r(4 er $"ce'0$'#";

0e"ce'0$'#"; 5$re'#"!'l$); $'0 c(ll$#er$l rel$t


11/151

Te 5rc$"e (2 @e)elr $'0 5rec!(" (%@ec#" !" *1+ H!" !'c(4e !" "7c!e'# 2(r #e 2$4!l; $cc(r0!' #( !#" "(c!$l "#$'0!'; $'0

*,+ H!" (55("!t(' !" 2('0e0 (' "er!(" $'0

*3+ B c"#(4. *131?$+

Ar#. 11. Te 2#re "5("e" 4$ !' #e 4$rr!$e "e:le4e'#" $ree 5(' $%"(l#e (r rel$tAr#. 1,,. Te 4$rr!$e "e:le4e'#" $'0 $' 4(0!/c$t(' #ere(2 "$ll %e (

c(45e#e'# c(r#; !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# #e 5r(

*1+ I2 #e "%$'0 !" $ c!t9e' (2 #e P!l!55!'e" )!le #e )!2e !" $ 2(re!'er; #e 5r(

2(ll()e0; )!#(# 5re@0!ce #( #e 5r(

)!c "$ll %e rel$#e0 % #e S#$##e (2 Fr$0"G $'0 !'"(2$r $" #e $re '(# 4(0!/e0 % #e 2(ll()!' $rtcle". *13,8$+

Ar#. 1,8. M!'(r" 4$ 4$&e $'0 rece!

)!# re"5ec# #( #e!r 2#re 5r(5er#; ('l !' #e e


12/151

Ar#. 131. Te 0('(r % re$"(' (2 4$rr!$e "$ll rele$"e #e 5r(5er# 0('$#e0 2r(4 4(r#$e" $'0 $ll (#er e'c4%r$'ce" 5(' #e

"$4e; )!# #e e=ce5t(' (2 e$"e4e'#"; 'le"" !' #e 4$rr!$e "e:le4e'#" (r !' #e c('#r$c#" #e c('#r$r $" %ee'

"t5l$#e0. *133,$+

Ar#. 13,. A 0('$t(' % re$"(' (2 4$rr!$e !" '(# reAr#. 133. E

Ar#. 1>>. We' $ 4$' $'0 $ )(4$' l!


13/151

Ar#. 1>. Te c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 "$ll %e (

$" 5$r$5er'$l 5r(5er#; $'0 #( #e "%$'0 $" c$5!#$l; !' #e 5r(5(rt(' "5ec!/e0 % #e 0('(r (r #e"#$#(r; $'0 !' #e $%"e'ce (2

0e"!'$t('; "$re $'0 "$re $l!&e; )!#(# 5re@0!ce #( )$# !" 5r(

%e 2(r #e 5$r#'er"!5; (r 2(r ('l ('e (2 #e "5("e"G

*,+ T$# )!c !" (%#$!'e0 % #e !'0"#r; (r )(r&; (r $" "$l$r (2 #e "5("e"; (r (2 e!#er (2 #e4G

*3+ Te 2r!#"; re'#" (r !'#ere"#" rece!,+Ar#. 1?. Te r!# #( $' $''!#; )e#er 5er5e#$l (r (2 l!2e; $'0 #e r!# (2 "2rc#; %el('!' #( ('e (2 #e "5("e" "$ll 2(r4 $

5$r# (2 !" (r er "e5$r$#e 5r(5er#; %# #e 2r!#"; 5e'"!('" $'0 !'#ere"#" 0e 0r!' #e 4$rr!$e "$ll %el(' #( #e 5$r#'er"!5.

Te "2rc# )!c #e "5("e" $

B!l0!'" c('"#rc#e0; $# #e e=5e'"e (2 #e 5$r#'er"!5; 0r!' #e 4$rr!$e (' l$'0 %el('!' #( ('e (2 #e "5("e"; $l"( 5er#$!'

#( #e 5$r#'er"!5; %# #e >$+

Ar#. 1?. We'e


14/151

*>+ M$@(r (r 4!'(r re5$!r" 5(' #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 5r(5er#G

*?+ Te 4$!'#e'$'ce (2 #e 2$4!l $'0 #e e0c$t(' (2 #e c!l0re' (2 %(# "%$'0 $'0 )!2e; $'0 (2 le!t4$#e c!l0re' (2

('e (2 #e "5("e"G

*6+ E=5e'"e" #( 5er4!# #e "5("e" #( c(45le#e $ 5r(2e""!('$l; . W$#e11$+

SECTION ?. A04!'!"#r$t(' (2 #e C('@$l P$r#'er"!5

Ar#. 16?. Te "%$'0 !" #e $04!'!"#r$#(r (2 #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5. *1>1,$+

Ar#. 166. U'le"" #e )!2e $" %ee' 0ecl$re0 $ '(' c(45(" 4e't" (r $ "5e'0#r!; (r !" '0er c!

Ar#. 168. Te )!2e 4$; % e=5re"" $#(r!# (2 #e "%$'0 e4%(0!e0 !' $ 5%l!c !'"#r4e'#; $04!'!"#er #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5

5r(5er#. *'+

Ar#. 16. Te )!2e 4$ $l"( % e=5re"" $#(r!# (2 #e "%$'0 $55e$r!' !' $ 5%l!c !'"#r4e'#; $04!'!"#er #e l$:er" e"#$#e. *'+

Ar#. 1. Te "%$'0 (r #e )!2e 4$ 0!"5("e % )!ll (2 !" (r er $l2 (2 #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 5r(/#". *1>1>$+

Ar#. 11. Te "%$'0 4$ 0!"5("e (2 #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 5r(5er# 2(r #e 5r5("e" "5ec!/e0 !' Artcle" 161 $'0 16,. *1>1?$+

Ar#. 1,. Te )!2e c$''(# %!'0 #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 )!#(# #e "%$'0" c('"e'# e=ce5# !' c$"e" 5r(16$+

Ar#. 13. Te )!2e 4$; 0r!' #e 4$rr!$e; $'0 )!#!' #e' e$r" 2r(4 #e #r$'"$ct(' e"t('e0; $"& #e c(r#" 2(r #e $''l4e'#

(2 $' c('#r$c# (2 #e "%$'0 e'#ere0 !'#( )!#(# er c('"e'#; )e' "c c('"e'# !" re!re0; (r $' $c# (r c('#r$c# (2 #e

"%$'0 )!c #e'0" #( 0e2r$0 er (r !45$!r er !'#ere"# !' #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 5r(5er#. S(l0 #e )!2e 2$!l #( e=erc!"e #!"r!#; "e (r er e!r"; $er #e 0!""(lt(' (2 #e 4$rr!$e; 4$ 0e4$'0 #e


15/151

*,+ We' #e c('"e'# (2 ('e "5("e #( $' #r$'"$ct(' (2 #e (#er !" re!re0 % l$); @0!c!$l $#(r!9$t(' "$ll %e

'ece""$rG

*3+ I2 #e "%$'0 $" $%$'0('e0 #e )!2e )!#(# @"# c$"e 2(r $# le$"# ('e e$r; "e 4$ 5ett(' #e c(r# 2(r $

rece!

#e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 (2 $!'"; "(l0 #ere %e $'.

T("e "-ere0 % re$l 5r(5er# "$ll '(# %e re!4%r"$%le !' $' c$"e; e=ce5# #("e (' 5$r$5er'$l 5r(5er# $04!'!"#ere0 % #e

"%$'0; )e' #e l(""e" )ere 0e #( !" 2$l#. He "$ll 5$ 2(r #e "$4e. *1>,?$+

Ar#. 18?. Te 'e# re4$!'0er (2 #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 (2 $!'" "$ll %e 0!,$+

Ar#. 18. W!# re$r0 #( #e 2(r4$t(' (2 #e !'

#e 4$rr!$e "$ll '(# #$&e 5l$ce "$

I' $ll #e"e c$"e"; !# !" "7c!e'# #( 5re"e'# #e /'$l @04e'# )!c $" %ee' e'#ere0 $$!'"# #e !l# (r $%"e'# "5("e. *1>33$+

Te "%$'0 $'0 #e )!2e 4$ $ree 5(' #e 0!""(lt(' (2 #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 0r!' #e 4$rr!$e; "%@ec# #( @0!c!$l

$55r( $'0 ,1? "$ll $55l. Te 5r(

4$0e !' c('2(r4!# )!# )$# $" %ee' e"#$%l!"e0 % #!" C(0e.


16/151

H()e

Te "$re (2 #e "5("e )( !" '0er c!3+

Ar#. 1>. Te "e5$r$t(' (2 5r(5er# "$ll '(# 5re@0!ce #e r!#" 5re38+

Ar#. 1?. Te "e5$r$t(' (2 5r(5er# ce$"e"

*1+ U5(' rec('c!l!$t(' (2 #e "5("e"; !' c$"e (2 le$l "e5$r$t('G

*,+ We' #e c!+ We' #e c(r#; $# #e !'"#$'ce (2 #e )!2e; $#(r!9e" #e "%$'0 #( re"4e #e $04!'!"#r$t(' (2 #e c('@$l

5$r#'er"!5; #e c(r# %e!' "$t"/e0 #$# #e "%$'0 )!ll '(# $$!' $%"e !" 5()er" $" $' $04!'!"#r$#(rG

*?+ We' #e "%$'0; )( $" $%$'0('e0 #e )!2e; re@(!'" er.

I' #e $%(

%ec(4e $ 2!t

Ar#. 1. Te )!2e #( )(4 #e $04!'!"#r$t(' (2 $ll #e 5r(5er# (2 #e 4$rr!$e !" #r$'"2erre0 "$ll $

Ar#. 1. I' #e $%"e'ce (2 "t5l$t(' #( #e c('#r$r; #e c(44'!# "$ll c('"!"# (2 $ll 5re"e'# $'0 2#re 5r(5er# (2 #e "5("e"

'(# e=ce5#e0 % l$).

Ar#. ,. Ne!#er "5("e 4$ re'('ce $' !'er!#$'ce )!#(# #e c('"e'# (2 #e (#er. I' c$"e (2 c('J!c#; #e c(r# "$ll 0ec!0e

#e e"t('; $er c('"lt' #e 2$4!l c('c!l; !2 #ere !" $'.

Ar#. ,1. Te 2(ll()!' "$ll %e e=cl0e0 2r(4 #e c(44'!#

*1+ Pr(5er# $c!re0 % r$#!#(" t#le % e!#er "5("e; )e' !# !" 5r(

%ec(4e $ 5$r# (2 #e c(44'!#G

*,+ Pr(5er# !'er!#e0 % e!#er "%$'0 (r )!2e #r( #e 0e$# (2 $ c!l0 % $ 2(r4er 4$rr!$e; #ere %e!' %r(#er" (r

"!"#er" (2 #e 2ll %l((0 (2 #e 0ece$"e0 c!l0G

*3+ A 5(rt(' (2 #e 5r(5er# (2 e!#er "5("e e!+ Per"('$l %el('!'" (2 e!#er "5("e.

H()e. De%#" c('#r$c#e0 % e!#er "5("e )!#(# #e c('"e'# (2 #e (#er "$ll %e c$re$%le $$!'"# #e c(44'!# #( #e

e=#e'# #$# #e 2$4!l 4$ $


17/151

Ar#. ,6. Te ()'er"!5; $04!'!"#r$t('; 5(""e""!(' $'0 e'@(4e'# (2 #e c(44(' 5r(5er# %el(' #( %(# "5("e" @(!'#l. I' c$"e

(2 0!"$ree4e'#; #e c(r#" "$ll "e:le #e 0!7cl#.

Ar#. ,. Ne!#er "5("e 4$ $l!e'$#e (r e'c4%er $' c(44(' 5r(5er# )!#(# #e c('"e'# (2 #e (#er. I' c$"e (2 '@"t/$%le

re2"$l % #e (#er "5("e; #e c(r#" 4$ r$'# #e 'ece""$r c('"e'#.

Ar#. ,8. Te $%"(l#e c(44'!# (2 5r(5er# "$ll %e 0!""(l

Ar#. ,13. Se5$r$t(' (2 5r(5er# 4$ re2er #( 5re"e'# (r 2#re 5r(5er# (r %(#. I# 4$ %e #(#$l (r 5$rt$l. I' #e l$:er c$"e; #e

5r(5er# '(# $ree0 5(' $" "e5$r$#e "$ll 5er#$!' #( #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 (2 $!'".

Ar#. ,1>. E$c "5("e "$ll ()'; 0!"5("e (2; 5(""e""; $04!'!"#er $'0 e'@( !" (r er ()' "e5$r$#e e"#$#e; )!#(# #e c('"e'# (2 #e

(#er. All e$r'!'" 2r(4 $' 5r(2e""!('; %"!'e"" (r !'0"#r "$ll l!&e)!"e %el(' #( e$c "5("e.

Ar#. ,1?. E$c "5("e "$ll 5r(5(rt('$#el %e$r #e 2$4!l e=5e'"e".

T!#le VII. THE FAMILY *'+

CHAPTER 1

THE FAMILY AS AN INSTITUTION

Ar#. ,16. Te 2$4!l !" $ %$"!c "(c!$l !'"t#t(' )!c 5%l!c 5(l!c cer!"e" $'0 5r(#ec#".

Ar#. ,1. F$4!l rel$t('" "$ll !'cl0e #("e

*1+ Be#)ee' "%$'0 $'0 )!2eG

*,+ Be#)ee' 5$re'# $'0 c!l0G

*3+ A4(' (#er $"ce'0$'#" $'0 #e!r 0e"ce'0$'#"G

*>+ A4(' %r(#er" $'0 "!"#er".Ar#. ,18. Te l$) (3.


18/151

Ar#. ,,>. Te 2$4!l (4e 4$ %e e"#$%l!"e0 @0!c!$ll (r e=#r$@0!c!$ll.

SECTION ,. 0!c!$l C('"t#t(' (2 #e F$4!l H(4e

Ar#. ,,?. Te 2$4!l (4e 4$ %e c('"t##e0 % $

Ar#. ,,8. I2 #e 5ett('er !" 4$rr!e0; #e 2$4!l (4e 4$ %e "elec#e0 2r(4 #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 (r c(44'!# 5r(5er#; (r 2r(4

#e "e5$r$#e 5r(5er# (2 #e "%$'0; (r; )!# #e c('"e'# (2 #e )!2e; 2r(4 er 5$r$5er'$l 5r(5er#.

Ar#. ,,. Te 5ett(' "$ll c('#$!' #e 2(ll()!' 5$rtcl$r"

*1+ De"cr!5t(' (2 #e 5r(5er#G

*,+ A' e"t4$#e (2 !#" $c#$l

*,+ I' "$t"2$ct(' (2 $ @04e'# (' $ 0e%# "ecre0 % $ 4(r#$e c('"t##e0 (' #e !44(

#ere $re %e'e/c!$r!e". I' c$"e (2 "$le; #e 5r!ce (r "c 5(rt(' #ere(2 $" 4$ %e 0e#er4!'e0 % #e c(r# "$ll %e "e0 !' $c!r!'

5r(5er# )!c "$ll %e 2(r4e0 !'#( $ 'e) 2$4!l (4e. A' "4 (2 4('e (%#$!'e0 #r( $' e'c4%r$'ce (' #e 2$4!l (4e

"$ll %e "e0 !' #e !'#ere"# (2 #e %e'e/c!$r!e". Te c(r# "$ll #$&e 4e$"re" #( !45le4e'# #e l$"# #)( 5r(

Ar#. ,36. Te 2$4!l (4e 4$ %e 0!""(l


19/151

Ar#. ,>. Te 2$4!l (4e 4$ %e e=#r$@0!c!$ll c('"t##e0 % rec(r0!' !' #e Re!"#r (2 Pr(5er# $ 5%l!c !'"#r4e'# )ere!' $

5er"(' 0ecl$re" #$# e #ere% e"#$%l!"e" $ 2$4!l (4e (# (2 $ 0)ell!' 5l$ce )!# #e l$'0 (' )!c !# !" "!#$#e0.

Ar#. ,>1. Te 0ecl$r$t(' "e' 5 #e 2$4!l (4e "$ll %e '0er ($# $'0 "$ll c('#$!'

*1+ A "#$#e4e'# #$# #e cl$!4$'# !" #e ()'er (2; $'0 !" $c#$ll re"!0!' !' #e 5re4!"e"G

*,+ A 0e"cr!5t(' (2 #e 5r(5er#G

*3+ A' e"t4$#e (2 !#" $c#$l 2r'!"e0 4$#er!$l 2(r #e 5r("ect(' (2 #e %!l0!'.

Ar#. ,>>. Te 5r(

5$4e'# (2 0e%#" '(# "5ec!/e0 !' Artcle ,>3.

Ar#. ,>6. N( 0ecl$r$t(' 2(r #e e=#r$@0!c!$l e"#$%l!"4e'# (2 #e 2$4!l (4e "$ll %e rec(r0e0 !' #e Re!"#r (2 Pr(5er# !2 #e

e"t4$#e0 $c#$l

*1+ T( #e $4('# 4e't('e0 !' Artcle ,31G

*,+ T( #e @04e'# $'0 #e c("#".

Te e=ce""; !2 $'; %el('" #( #e 5er"(' c('"t#t' #e 2$4!l (4e.

Ar#. ,?. Te $4('# 4e't('e0 !' Artcle ,31 #" rece!

e 4$ #$&e $ct(' '0er #e 5r(

$55(!'# ('e (r #)( 2r!e'0" (2 #e 2$4!l.

Ar#. ,?>. Te 2$4!l c('c!l "$ll elec# !#" c$!r4$'; $'0 "$ll 4ee# $# #e c$ll (2 #e l$:er (r 5(' (r0er (2 #e c(r#.

T!#le VIII. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

CHAPTER 1

LEITIMATE CHILDREN

Ar#. ,??. C!l0re' %(r' $er ('e '0re0 $'0 e!# 0$" 2(ll()!' #e cele%r$t(' (2 #e 4$rr!$e; $'0 %e2(re #ree '0re0 0$"

2(ll()!' !#" 0!""(lt(' (r #e "e5$r$t(' (2 #e "5("e" "$ll %e 5re"4e0 #( %e le!t4$#e.

A$!'"# #!" 5re"45t(' '( e

#( !" )!2e )!#!' #e /r"# ('e '0re0 $'0 #)e'# 0$" (2 #ree '0re0 )!c 5rece0e0 #e %!r# (2 #e c!l0.


20/151

T!" 5"!c$l !45(""!%!l!# 4$ %e c$"e0

*1+ B #e !45(#e'ce (2 #e "%$'0G

*,+ B #e 2$c# #$# #e "%$'0 $'0 )!2e )ere l!

'(# %e 5r(

2(r4er "%$'0

*,+ A c!l0 %(r' $er ('e '0re0 e!# 0$" 2(ll()!' #e cele%r$t(' (2 #e "%"ee'# 4$rr!$e !" 5r!4$ 2$c!e 5re"4e0

#( $

Ar#. ,6>. Le!t4$#e c!l0re' "$ll $

"#$#" (2 $ le!t4$#e c!l0. *116+

Ar#. ,6. I' #e $%"e'ce (2 $ rec(r0 (2 %!r#; $#e'tc 0(c4e'#; /'$l @04e'# (r 5(""e""!(' (2 "#$#"; le!t4$#e /l!$t(' 4$ %e

5r(


21/151

CHAPTER 3

LEITIMATED CHILDREN

Ar#. ,6. O'l '$#r$l c!l0re' c$' %e le!t4$#e0. C!l0re' %(r' (#"!0e )e0l(c& (2 5$re'#" )(; $# #e t4e (2 #e c('ce5t(' (2

#e 2(r4er; )ere '(# 0!"$l!/e0 % $' !45e0!4e'# #( 4$rr e$c (#er; $re '$#r$l. *11$+

Ar#. ,. Le!t4$t(' "$ll #$&e 5l$ce % #e "%"ee'# 4$rr!$e %e#)ee' #e 5$re'#". *1,$+

Ar#. ,1. O'l '$#r$l c!l0re' )( $

Ar#. ,,. C!l0re' )( $re le!t4$#e0 % "%"ee'# 4$rr!$e "$ll e'@( #e "$4e r!#" $" le!t4$#e c!l0re'. *1,,+

Ar#. ,3. Le!t4$t(' "$ll #$&e e-ec# 2r(4 #e t4e (2 #e c!l0" %!r#. *1,3$+

Ar#. ,>. Te le!t4$t(' (2 c!l0re' )( 0!e0 %e2(re #e cele%r$t(' (2 #e 4$rr!$e "$ll %e'e/# #e!r 0e"ce'0$'#". *1,>+

Ar#. ,?. Le!t4$t(' 4$ %e !45'e0 % #("e )( $re 5re@0!ce0 !' #e!r r!#"; )e' !# #$&e" 5l$ce !' 2$

*1+ I' $' (2 #e c$"e" re2erre0 #( !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle; $" %e#)ee' #e c!l0 $'0 #e 4(#erG

*,+ We' #e %!r# $'0 #e !0e't# (2 #e c!l0 $re cle$rl 5r(


22/151

Ar#. ,8. Ille!t4$#e c!l0re' (#er #$' '$#r$l !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# Artcle ,6 $'0 (#er #$' '$#r$l c!l0re' % le$l /ct(' $re

e't#le0 #( "55(r# $'0 "c "cce""!('$l r!#" $" $re r$'#e0 !' #!" C(0e. *'+

Ar#. ,88. M!'(r c!l0re' 4e't('e0 !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle $re '0er #e 5$re'#$l $#(r!# (2 #e 4(#er. *'+

Ar#. ,8. I'3$+

Ar#. ,,. Dr!' #e 5r(cee0!'" 2(r le$l "e5$r$t('; (r 2(r $''l4e'# (2 4$rr!$e; #e "5("e" $'0 c!l0re'; "$ll %e "55(r#e0

2r(4 #e c('@$l 5$r#'er"!5 5r(5er#. Aer #e /'$l @04e'# (2 le$l "e5$r$t('; (r (2 $''l4e'# (2 4$rr!$e; #e (%l!$t(' (2

4#$l "55(r# %e#)ee' #e "5("e" ce$"e". H()e

"(l0 '(# $?+

Ar#. ,6. Te $4('# (2 "55(r#; !' #e c$"e" re2erre0 #( !' #e /$+

Ar#. 3. Te (%l!$t(' #( 2r'!" "55(r# ce$"e" 5(' #e 0e$# (2 #e (%l!(r; e


23/151


24/151

*1+ Te 0# #( "55(r# #e4; #( $!'"#rct(' "$ll 5er#$!' #( !4 !' ()'er"!5 $'0 "2rc#G %# #e 2$#er (r 4(#er "$ll $04!'!"#er #e "$4e; !2 !' #e 0('$t(' (r

#e"#$4e'#$r 5r(

$r0!$' (2 #e c!l0" 5r(5er#; "%@ec# #( #e 0te" $'0 (%l!$t('" (2 $r0!$'" '0er #e Rle" (2 C(r#. *'+

CHAPTER >

ETINUISHMENT OF PARENTAL AUTHORITY

Ar#. 3,. P$re'#$l $#(r!# #er4!'$#e"

*1+ U5(' #e 0e$# (2 #e 5$re'#" (r (2 #e c!l0G

*,+ U5(' e4$'c!5$t('G

*3+ U5(' $0(5t(' (2 #e c!l0G

*>+ U5(' #e $55(!'#4e'# (2 $ e'er$l $r0!$'. *16$+

Ar#. 3,8. Te 4(#er )( c('#r$c#" $ "%"ee'# 4$rr!$e l("e" #e 5$re'#$l $#(r!# (

Te c(r# 4$ $l"( $55(!'# $ $r0!$' (2 #e c!l0" 5r(5er# !' c$"e #e 2$#er "(l0 c('#r$c# $ "%"ee'# 4$rr!$e. *168$+

Ar#. 3,. We' #e 4(#er (2 $' !lle!t4$#e c!l0 4$rr!e" $ 4$' (#er #$' !#" 2$#er; #e c(r# 4$ $55(!'# $ $r0!$' 2(r #e

c!l0. *'+

Ar#. 33. Te 2$#er $'0 !' $ 5r(5er c$"e #e 4(#er; "$ll l("e $#(r!# (Ar#. 33,. Te c(r#" 4$ 0e5r!


25/151


26/151

Ar#. 3?. Te 5er"('" '$4e0 !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle "$ll e=erc!"e re$"('$%le "5er

re$r0 #( #e c!l0" 5r(5er#; #e Rle" (2 C(r# (' $r0!$'"!5 "$ll (. r$'05$re'#" $'0 !' #e!r 0e2$l# #e (l0e"# %r(#er (r "!"#er "$ll e=erc!"e 5$re'#$l $#(r!# !' c$"e (2 0e$# (r $%"e'ce (2

#e c!l0" 5$re'#". I2 #e 5$re'#" $re l!

T!#le II. CARE AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

Ar#. 3?6. E+ H$" $ r!# #( l!+

Ar#. 361. . Le!t4$#e $'0 le!t4$#e0 c!l0re' "$ll 5r!'c!5$ll "e #e "r'$4e (2 #e 2$#er.

Ar#. 36?. A' $0(5#e0 c!l0 "$ll %e$r #e "r'$4e (2 #e $0(5#er.

Ar#. 366. A '$#r$l c!l0 $c&'()le0e0 % %(# 5$re'#" "$ll 5r!'c!5$ll "e #e "r'$4e (2 #e 2$#er. I2 rec('!9e0 % ('l ('e (2

#e 5$re'#"; $ '$#r$l c!l0 "$ll e45l( #e "r'$4e (2 #e rec('!9!' 5$re'#.

Ar#. 36. N$#r$l c!l0re' % le$l /ct(' "$ll 5r!'c!5$ll e45l( #e "r'$4e (2 #e 2$#er.

Ar#. 368. Ille!t4$#e c!l0re' re2erre0 #( !' Artcle ,8 "$ll %e$r #e "r'$4e (2 #e 4(#er.

Ar#. 36. C!l0re' c('ce!


27/151

Ar#. 3. A 4$rr!e0 )(4$' 4$ "e

*1+ Her 4$!0e' /r"# '$4e $'0 "r'$4e $'0 $00 er "%$'0" "r'$4e; (r

*,+ Her 4$!0e' /r"# '$4e $'0 er "%$'0" "r'$4e (r

*3+ Her "%$'0" 2ll '$4e; %# 5re/=!' $ )(r0 !'0!c$t' #$# "e !" !" )!2e; "c $" "Mrs."

Ar#. 31. I' c$"e (2 $''l4e'# (2 4$rr!$e; $'0 #e )!2e !" #e !l# 5$r#; "e "$ll re"4e er 4$!0e' '$4e $'0 "r'$4e. I2 "e !"

#e !''(ce'# "5("e; "e 4$ re"4e er 4$!0e' '$4e $'0 "r'$4e. H()e

Ar#. 3>. I' c$"e (2 !0e't# (2 '$4e" $'0 "r'$4e"; #e ('er 5er"(' "$ll %e (%l!e0 #( "e "c $00!t('$l '$4e (r "r'$4e $"

)!ll $

Ar#. 38. E=ce5# $" 5r(

4$ %e 'ece""$r.

T!" "$4e rle "$ll %e (%"errel$t' #e4; $cc(r0!' #( #e c!rc4"#$'ce"; % #e rle" c('cer'!' $r0!$'". *18,+

Ar#. 383. I' #e $55(!'#4e'# (2 $ re5re"e'#$t

*1+ Te "5("e 5re"e'#G

*,+ Te e!r" !'"t##e0 !' $ )!ll; )( 4$ 5re"e'# $' $#e'tc c(5 (2 #e "$4eG

*3+ Te rel$t


28/151

Ar#. 38. Te $04!'!"#r$t(' "$ll ce$"e !' $' (2 #e 2(ll()!' c$"e"

*1+ We' #e $%"e'#ee $55e$r" 5er"('$ll (r % 4e$'" (2 $' $e'#G

*,+ We' #e 0e$# (2 #e $%"e'#ee !" 5r(*1+ A 5er"(' (' %($r0 $

!'

(#er r!#" )!c $re

*1+ B #e 4$rr!$e (2 #e 4!'(rG

*,+ B #e $:$!'4e'# (2 4$@(r!#G

*3+ B #e c('ce""!(' (2 #e 2$#er (r (2 #e 4(#er )( e=erc!"e 5$re'#$l $#(r!#. *31>+

Ar#. 38. E4$'c!5$t(' #re$#e0 (2 !' N(. 3 (2 #e 5rece0!' $rtcle "$ll %e e-ec#e0 !' $ 5%l!c !'"#r4e'# )!c "$ll %e rec(r0e0 !'

#e C!

Ar#. 3. E4$'c!5$t(' % 4$rr!$e (r %


29/151

Ar#. >1. E4$'c!5$t(' !" /'$l (r !rre,. M$@(r!# c(44e'ce" 5(' #e $:$!'4e'# (2 #e $e (2 #)e'#('e e$r".

Te 5er"(' )( $" re$ce0 4$@(r!# !" $l!/e0 2(r $ll $c#" (2 c!

c$"e". *3,$+

Ar#. >3. N(#)!#"#$'0!' #e 5r($+

T!#le VI. CIVIL REISTER

Ar#. >. Ac#"; e

*,+ 4$rr!$e"G

*3+ 0e$#"G

*>+ le$l "e5$r$t('"G

*?+ $''l4e'#" (2 4$rr!$eG

*6+ @04e'#" 0ecl$r!' 4$rr!$e" *1>+ @0!c!$l 0e#er4!'$t(' (2 /l!$t('G

*1?+

Ar#. >1,. N( e'#r !' $ c!

Ar#. >13. All (#er 4$:er" 5er#$!'!' #( #e re!"#r$t(' (2 c!


30/151

PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS

Ar#. >1>. All #!'" )!c $re (r 4$ %e #e (%@ec# (2 $55r(5r!$t(' $re c('"!0ere0 e!#er

*1+ I44(

*1+ T("e 4(*>+ I' e'er$l; $ll #!'" )!c c$' %e #r$'"5(r#e0 2r(4 5l$ce #( 5l$ce )!#(# !45$!r4e'# (2 #e re$l 5r(5er# #( )!c #e

$re /=e0. *33?$+

Ar#. >1. Te 2(ll()!' $re $l"( c('"!0ere0 $" 5er"('$l 5r(5er#

*1+ O%l!$t('" $'0 $ct('" )!c $

Ar#. >,1. All (#er 5r(5er# (2 #e S#$#e; )!c !" '(# (2 #e c$r$c#er "#$#e0 !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle; !" 5$#r!4('!$l 5r(5er#. *3>$+

Ar#. >,,. Pr(5er# (2 5%l!c 0(4!'!('; )e' '( l('er !'#e'0e0 2(r 5%l!c "e (r 2(r 5%l!c "er3+


31/151

Ar#. >,>. Pr(5er# 2(r 5%l!c "e; !' #e 5r(

"#ree#"; #e "$re"; 2('#$!'"; 5%l!c )$#er"; 5r(4e'$0e"; $'0 5%l!c )(r&" 2(r 5%l!c "er

All (#er 5r(5er# 5(""e""e0 % $' (2 #e4 !" 5$#r!4('!$l $'0 "$ll %e (

(2 $ll 5r(5er# %el('!' #( 5r!

things or property,"!" "e0; !# "$ll %e 0ee4e0 #( !'cl0e; re"5ect

Ar#. >,8. Te ()'er $" #e r!# #( e'@( $'0 0!"5("e (2 $ #!'; )!#(# (#er l!4!#$t('" #$' #("e e"#$%l!"e0 % l$).

Te ()'er $" $l"( $ r!# (2 $ct(' $$!'"# #e (l0er $'0 5(""e""(r (2 #e #!' !' (r0er #( rec(8$+

Ar#. >,. Te ()'er (r l$)2l 5(""e""(r (2 $ #!' $" #e r!# #( e=cl0e $' 5er"(' 2r(4 #e e'@(4e'# $'0 0!"5("$l #ere(2. F(r

#!" 5r5("e; e 4$ "e "c 2(rce $" 4$ %e re$"('$%l 'ece""$r #( re5el (r 5re

Ar#. >3,. Te ()'er (2 $ #!' $" '( r!# #( 5r(!%!# #e !'#er2ere'ce (2 $'(#er )!# #e "$4e; !2 #e !'#er2ere'ce !" 'ece""$r #(

$(r0!'$'ce". He c$''(# c(45l$!' (2 #e re$"('$%le re!re4e'#" (2 $er!$l '$

$l2 #ere(2 "$ll %e $ll()e0 #( #e /'0er. I2 #e /'0er !" $ #re"5$""er; e "$ll '(# %e e't#le0 #( $' "$re (2 #e #re$"re.

I2 #e #!'" 2('0 %e (2 !'#ere"# #( "c!e'ce (2 #e $r#"; #e S#$#e 4$ $c!re #e4 $# #e!r @"# 5r!ce; )!c "$ll %e 0!

(%@ec#"; #e l$)2l ()'er"!5 (2 )!c 0(e" '(# $55e$r. *3?,+

CHAPTER 3

RIHT OF ACCESSION


32/151


33/151

Ar#. >?6. I' #e c$"e" rel$#e0 !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle"; ((0 2$!# 0(e" '(# 'ece""$r!l e=cl0e 'el!e'ce; )!c !?. T( #e ()'er" (2 l$'0" $0@(!'!' #e %$'&" (2 r!?. We'e

)("e l$'0" $re (cc5!e0 % #e 'e) c(r"e !' 5r(5(rt(' #( #e $re$ l("#. H()e6,. We'e+

Ar#. >6>. I"l$'0" )!c 4$ %e 2(r4e0 (' #e "e$" )!#!' #e @r!"0!ct(' (2 #e P!l!55!'e"; (' l$&e"; $'0 (' '$

r!

Ar#. >66. We'e

Ne. We'e3. I2 % #e )!ll (2 ('l ('e ()'er; %# !' ((0 2$!#; #)( #!'" (2 #e "$4e (r 0!-ere'# &!'0" $re 4!=e0 (r c('2"e0; #e r!#"

(2 #e ()'er" "$ll %e 0e#er4!'e0 % #e 5r(


34/151

Ar#. >>. O'e )( !' ((0 2$!# e45l(" #e 4$#er!$l (2 $'(#er !' )(le (r !' 5$r# !' (r0er #( 4$&e $ #!' (2 $ 0!-ere'# &!'0; "$ll

$55r(5r!$#e #e #!' #" #r$'"2(r4e0 $" !" ()'; !'0e4'!2!' #e ()'er (2 #e 4$#er!$l 2(r !#" 6. We'e. Te 5l$!'t- 4"# re#r' #( #e 0e2e'0$'# $ll %e'e/#" e 4$ $81. Te 5r(ce0re 2(r #e !et' (2 t#le (r #e re4(I' 0e2$l# (2 c('#r$c#"; (r (2 "5ec!$l 5r(

Ar#. >86. E$c c(()'er 4$ "e #e #!' ()'e0 !' c(44('; 5r(

!'#e'0e0 $'0 !' "c $ )$ $" '(# #( !'@re #e !'#ere"# (2 #e c(()'er"!5 (r 5re#e c(()'er"!5. *3?$+

Ar#. >8. Re5$!r" 2(r 5re"er


35/151

Ar#. >. We'e

%e $ll(#e0 #( !4 !' #e 0!

Ar#. >>. N( c(()'er "$ll %e (%l!e0 #( re4$!' !' #e c(()'er"!5. E$c c(()'er 4$ 0e4$'0 $# $' t4e #e 5$rtt(' (2 #e

#!' ()'e0 !' c(44('; !'"(2$r $" !" "$re !" c('cer'e0.

Ne

rec('!9e" #e c(()'er"!5. *>$+

Ar#. >?. N(#)!#"#$'0!' #e 5r(

#er4!'$#e0 !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# Artcle >8. *>1$+

Ar#. >6. P$rtt(' 4$ %e 4$0e % $ree4e'# %e#)ee' #e 5$rte" (r % @0!c!$l 5r(cee0!'". P$rtt(' "$ll %e (

c$"e !# )$" 4$0e '(#)!#"#$'0!' $ 2(r4$l (55("!t(' 5re"e'#e0 #( 5re?+

Ar#. ?. U5(' 5$rtt('; #ere "$ll %e $ 4#$l $cc('t' 2(r %e'e/#" rece!


36/151

Ar#. ?,. Te 2(ll()!' $re (2 5%l!c 0(4!'!('

*1+ R!

*8+ W$#er" r!"!' c('t'("l (r !'#er4!:e'#l (' l$'0" %el('!' #( 5r!

*1+ C('t'(" (r !'#er4!:e'# )$#er" r!"!' (' l$'0" (2 5r!8+

SECTION ,. Te U"e (2 P%l!c W$#er"

Ar#. ?>. Te "e (2 5%l!c )$#er" !" $c!re0

*1+ B $04!'!"#r$t11$+

SECTION 3. Te U"e (2 W$#er" (2 Pr!1,$+

Ar#. ?8. Te 5r!13+

Ar#. ?. N( ('e 4$ e'#er 5r!

'( 0$4$e #( #e 5%l!c (r #( #!r0 5er"('". *>16+

SECTION >. S%#err$'e$' W$#er"

Ar#. ?1,. O'l #e ()'er (2 $ 5!ece (2 l$'0; (r $'(#er 5er"(' )!# !" 5er4!""!('; 4$ 4$&e e=5l(r$t('" #ere(' 2(r "%#err$'e$'

)$#er"; e=ce5# $" 5r(

E=5l(r$t('" 2(r "%#err$'e$' )$#er" (' l$'0" (2 5%l!c 0(4!'!(' 4$ %e 4$0e ('l )!# #e 5er4!""!(' (2 #e $04!'!"#r$t18+

Ar#. ?1>. We' #e ()'er (2 )$#er" $rt/c!$ll %r(# #( #e "r2$ce $%$'0('" #e4 #( #e!r '$#r$l c(r"e; #e "$ll %ec(4e (2

5%l!c 0(4!'!('. *>1+

SECTION ?. e'er$l Pr(


37/151

Ar#. ?1?. Te ()'er (2 $ 5!ece (2 l$'0 (' )!c #ere $re 0e2e'"!

(%l!e0 #( c('#r!%#e #( #e e=5e'"e" (2 c('"#rct(' !' 5r(5(rt(' #( #e!r re"5ect,,+Ar#. ?18. All 4$:er" '(# e=5re""l 0e#er4!'e0 % #e 5r(3?$+

Ar#. ?,. I# !" 5re"4e0 #$# 5(""e""!(' c('t'e" #( %e e'@(e0 !' #e "$4e c$r$c#er !' )!c !# )$" $c!re0; 'tl #e c('#r$r !"

5r(36+

Ar#. ?3. O'l #!'" $'0 r!#" )!c $re ""ce5t%le (2 %e!' $55r(5r!$#e0 4$ %e #e (%@ec# (2 5(""e""!('. *>3+

CHAPTER ,

ACUISITION OF POSSESSION

Ar#. ?31. P(""e""!(' !" $c!re0 % #e 4$#er!$l (cc5$t(' (2 $ #!' (r #e e=erc!"e (2 $ r!#; (r % #e 2$c# #$# !# !" "%@ec# #( #e

$ct(' (2 (r )!ll; (r % #e 5r(5er $c#" $'0 le$l 2(r4$l!te" e"#$%l!"e0 2(r $c!r!' "c r!#. *>38$+

Ar#. ?3,. P(""e""!(' 4$ %e $c!re0 % #e "$4e 5er"(' )( !" #( e'@( !#; % !" le$l re5re"e'#$t


38/151


39/151


40/151


41/151


42/151

Ar#. ?. Te "2rc#$r 4$ cl$!4 $' 4$#re0 cre0!#" )!c 2(r4 $ 5$r# (2 #e "2rc# !2 e $" !

)$" c('"t##e0.

S(l0 #e !44(

*?+ B #e #(#$l l("" (2 #e #!' !' "2rc#G

*6+ B #e #er4!'$t(' (2 #e r!# (2 #e 5er"(' c('"t#t' #e "2rc#G

*+ B 5re"cr!5t('. *?13$+

Ar#. 6>. I2 #e #!' !

0el!


43/151


44/151


45/151


46/151

Ar#. 6?. E$"e4e'#" (2 #e r!# (2 )$ 2(r #e 5$""$e (2 l! $'0 6>1 "$ll %e (%"er

Ar#. 6?. Te e=!"#e'ce (2 $' e$"e4e'# (2 5$r# )$ll !" 5re"4e0; 'le"" #ere !" $ t#le; (r e=#er!(r "!'; (r 5r((2 #( #e c('#r$r

*1+ I' 0!

*,+ We'ec('0!t('" (' #e 55er 5$r#; %# #e l()er 5$r# "l$'#" (r 5r(@ec#" (#)$r0G

*3+ We'e+ We'e#("e (2 #e (#er"G

*?+ We'e

*6+ We'e

*+ We'e

c(44('; "$ll %e %(r'e % $ll #e ()'er" (2 #e l$'0" (r #e'e4e'#" $

e$c.

Ne

$c!re #e r!# (2 5$r#()'er"!5 #ere!'; % 5$!' 5r(5(rt('$ll #e


47/151

Ar#. 66. N( 5$r#()'er 4$; )!#(# #e c('"e'# (2 #e (#er"; (5e' #r( #e 5$r# )$ll $' )!'0() (r $5er#re (2 $'

&!'0. *?8+

Ar#. 668. Te 5er!(0 (2 5re"cr!5t(' 2(r #e $c!"!t(' (2 $' e$"e4e'# (2 l!# $'0

*,+ Fr(4 #e t4e (2 #e 2(r4$l 5r(!%!t(' 5(' #e 5r(5r!e#(r (2 #e $0@(!'!' l$'0 (r #e'e4e'#; !2 #e )!'0() !" #r(

$ )$ll (' #e 0(4!'$'# e"#$#e. *'+

Ar#. 66. We' #e 0!"#$'ce" !' Artcle 6 $re '(# (%"er

ce't4e#er".

Te '('(%"er

Ar#. 6,. Te 5r(

5r(5er#; #e ()'er (2 #e "er

SECTION 6. Dr$!'$e (2 B!l0!'"

Ar#. 6>. Te ()'er (2 $ %!l0!' "$ll %e (%l!e0 #( c('"#rc# !#" r((2 (r c(4$''er $" #( rece!

0r$!'$e !' "c 4$''er $" #( c$"e #e le$"# 0$4$e #( #e "er

SECTION . I'#er4e0!$#e D!"#$'ce"

$'0 W(r&" 2(r Cer#$!' C('"#rct('" $'0 Pl$'t'"

Ar#. 6. N( c('"#rct('" c$' %e %!l# (r 5l$'t'" 4$0e 'e$r 2(rt/e0 5l$ce" (r 2(r#re""e" )!#(# c(45l!$'ce )!# #e c('0!t('"

re!re0 !' "5ec!$l l$)"; (r0!'$'ce"; $'0 rel$t('" rel$t' #ere#(. *?8+

Ar#. 68. N( 5er"(' "$ll %!l0 $' $e0c#; )ell; "e)er; 2r'$ce; 2(re; c!4'e; "#$%le; 0e5("!#(r (2 c(rr("!

5$r# (2 #e $0@(!'!' 5r(5r!e#(r".

I' #e $%"e'ce (2 rel$t('"; "c 5rec$t('" "$ll %e #$&e' $" 4$ %e c('"!0ere0 'ece""$r; !' (r0er #( $


48/151


49/151

Ar#. 66. E

*3+ A%$#e4e'#; )!#(# @0!c!$l 5r(cee0!'".

Ar#. . Te 0!"#r!c# e$l# (7cer "$ll #$&e c$re #$# ('e (r $ll (2 #e re4e0!e" $$!'"# $ 5%l!c '!"$'ce $re $

*,+ T$# "c 0e4$'0 $" %ee' re@ec#e0G

*3+ T$# #e $%$#e4e'# %e $55r(+ T$# #e

5r(ce0re 2(r e=#r$@0!c!$l $%$#e4e'# (2 $ 5%l!c '!"$'ce % $ 5r!

$'0 !' c('"ee'ce (2 cer#$!' c('#r$c#"; % #r$0!t('.

Te 4$ $l"( %e $c!re0 % 4e$'" (2 5re"cr!5t('. *6$+

T!#le I. OCCUPATION

Ar#. 13. T!'" $55r(5r!$%le % '$#re )!c $re )!#(# $' ()'er; "c $" $'!4$l" #$# $re #e (%@ec# (2 't' $'0 /"!';

!00e' #re$"re $'0 $%$'0('e0 4(


50/151

Ar#. 16. Te ()'er (2 $ ")$r4 (2 %ee" "$ll $

#e l$:er; 5r(

I2 #e 4(

Ar#. ,. I2 #e ()'er "(l0 $55e$r !' t4e; e "$ll %e (%l!e0 #( 5$; $" $ re)$r0 #( #e /'0er; ('e#e'# (2 #e "4 (r (2 #e 5r!ce

(2 #e #!' 2('0. *616$+

T!#le II. INTELLECTUAL CREATION

Ar#. ,1. B !'#ellec#$l cre$t('; #e 2(ll()!' 5er"('" $c!re ()'er"!5

*1+ Te $#(r )!# re$r0 #( !" l!#er$r; 0r$4$tc; !"#(r!c$l; le$l; 5!l("(5!c$l; "c!e't/c (r (#er )(r&G

*,+ Te c(45("erG $" #( !" 4"!c$l c(45("!t('G

*3+ Te 5$!'#er; "cl5#(r; (r (#er $rt"#; )!# re"5ec# #( #e 5r(0c# (2 !" $r#G

*>+ Te "c!e't"# (r #ec'(l(!"# (r $' (#er 5er"(' )!# re$r0 #( !" 0!"c(,$+

T!#le III. DONATION

CHAPTER 1

NATURE OF DONATIONS

Ar#. ,?. D('$t(' !" $' $c# (2 l!%er$l!# )ere% $ 5er"(' 0!"5("e" r$#!#("l (2 $ #!' (r r!# !' 2$

%e 0el!

Ar#. 31. We' $ 5er"(' 0('$#e" "(4e#!'; "%@ec# #( #e re"(l#(r c('0!t(' (2 #e 0('(r" "r


51/151

Ar#. 3>. Te 0('$t(' !" 5er2ec#e0 2r(4 #e 4(4e'# #e 0('(r &'()" (2 #e $cce5#$'ce % #e 0('ee. *6,3+

CHAPTER ,

PERSONS WHO MAY IVE OR RECEIVE A DONATION

Ar#. 3?. All 5er"('" )( 4$ c('#r$c# $'0 0!"5("e (2 #e!r 5r(5er# 4$ 4$&e $ 0('$t('. *6,>+

Ar#. 36. $r0!$'" $'0 #r"#ee" c$''(# 0('$#e #e 5r(5er# e'#r"#e0 #( #e4. *'+

Ar#. 3. Te 0('(r" c$5$c!# "$ll %e 0e#er4!'e0 $" (2 #e t4e (2 #e 4$&!' (2 #e 0('$t('. *'+

Ar#. 38. Al #("e )( $re '(# "5ec!$ll 0!"$l!/e0 % l$) #ere2(r 4$ $cce5# 0('$t('". *6,?+

Ar#. 3. Te 2(ll()!' 0('$t('" "$ll %e

#e )ere $lre$0 %(r'. *6,+

Ar#. >3. D('$t('" 4$0e #( !'c$5$c!#$#e0 5er"('" "$ll %e "$4e #!' #( #)( (r 4(re 0!-ere'# 5er"('". *'+

Ar#. >?. Te 0('ee 4"# $cce5# #e 0('$t(' 5er"('$ll; (r #r( $' $#(r!9e0 5er"(' )!# $ "5ec!$l 5()er 2(r #e 5r5("e; (r

)!# $ e'er$l $'0 "7c!e'# 5()erG (#er)!"e; #e 0('$t(' "$ll %e 6. Acce5#$'ce 4"# %e 4$0e 0r!' #e l!2et4e (2 #e 0('(r $'0 (2 #e 0('ee. *'+

Ar#. >. Per"('" )( $cce5# 0('$t('" !' re5re"e'#$t(' (2 (#er" )( 4$ '(# 0( "( % #e4"el

()'er"!5 (r !' "2rc#; "7c!e'# 4e$'" 2(r #e "55(r# (2 !4"el2; $'0 (2 $ll rel$t

r!# (2 $ccret('; !2 #e c('#r$r $" '(# %ee' 5r(


52/151

Te 0('(r "$ll $l"( %e l!$%le 2(r e

Ar#. ?6. Te ()'er"!5 (2 5r(5er# 4$ $l"( %e 0('$#e0 #( ('e 5er"(' $'0 #e "2rc# #( $'(#er (r (#er"; 5r(

0('ee" $re l!

!'#e't(' cle$rl $55e$r". *6>,$+

Ar#. ?. Tere %e!' '( "t5l$t(' re$r0!' #e 5$4e'# (2 0e%#"; #e 0('ee "$ll %e re"5('"!%le #ere2(r ('l )e' #e 0('$t('

$" %ee' 4$0e !' 2r$0 (2 cre0!#(r".

Te 0('$t(' !" $l)$" 5re"4e0 #( %e !' 2r$0 (2 cre0!#(r"; )e' $# #e t4e #ere(2 #e 0('(r 0!0 '(# re"er

5("#4("G

*,+ I2 #e c!l0 (2 #e 0('(r; )(4 #e l$:er %el!e>$+

Ar#. 61. I' #e c$"e" re2erre0 #( !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle; #e 0('$t(' "$ll %e re$+

Ar#. 6?. Te 0('$t(' 4$ $l"( %e re8$+

Ar#. 66. Al#( #e 0('$t(' !" re


53/151

Te

Ar#. . T!" $ct(' "$ll '(# %e #r$'"4!:e0 #( #e e!r" (2 #e 0('(r; !2 #e l$:er 0!0 '(# !'"t##e #e "$4e; $l#( e c(l0 $

0('$t('" 2r(4 #$&!' e-ec# 0r!' #e l!2e (2 #e 0('(r; '(r "$ll !# %$r #e 0('ee 2r(4 $55r(5r!$t' #e 2r!#".

F(r #e re0ct(' (2 0('$t('" #e 5r(+

Ar#. ,. O'l #("e )( $# #e t4e (2 #e 0('(r" 0e$# $

re0ct(' '(r $. Scce""!(' !" $ 4(0e (2 $c!"!t(' %

Ar#. ?. I' #!" T!#le; Q0ece0e'#Q !" #e e'er$l #er4 $55l!e0 #( #e 5er"(' )("e 5r(5er# !" #r$'"4!:e0 #r( "cce""!(';

)e#er (r '(# e le $ )!ll. I2 e le $ )!ll; e !" $l"( c$lle0 #e #e"#$#(r. *'+

Ar#. 6. Te !'er!#$'ce !'cl0e" $ll #e 5r(5er#; r!#" $'0 (%l!$t('" (2 $ 5er"(' )!c $re '(# e=t'!"e0 % !" 0e$#. *6?+

Ar#. . Te r!#" #( #e "cce""!(' $re #r$'"4!:e0 2r(4 #e 4(4e'# (2 #e 0e$# (2 #e 0ece0e'#. *6?$+

Ar#. 8. Scce""!(' 4$ %e*1+ Te"#$4e'#$rG

*,+ Le$l (r !'#e"#$#eG (r

*3+ M!=e0. *'+

Ar#. . Te"#$4e'#$r "cce""!(' !" #$# )!c re"l#" 2r(4 #e 0e"!'$t(' (2 $' e!r; 4$0e !' $ )!ll e=ec#e0 !' #e 2(r4

5re"cr!%e0 % l$). *'+

Ar#. 8. M!=e0 "cce""!(' !" #$# e-ec#e0 5$r#l % )!ll $'0 5$r#l % (5er$t(' (2 l$). *'+

Ar#. 81. Te !'er!#$'ce (2 $ 5er"(' !'cl0e" '(# ('l #e 5r(5er# $'0 #e #r$'"4!""!%le r!#" $'0 (%l!$t('" e=!"t' $# #e t4e

(2 !" 0e$#; %# $l"( #("e )!c $

De

SUBSECTION 1. W!ll" !' e'er$l

Ar#. 83. A )!ll !" $' $c# )ere% $ 5er"(' !" 5er4!:e0; )!# #e 2(r4$l!te" 5re"cr!%e0 % l$); #( c('#r(l #( $ cer#$!' 0eree #e

0!"5("!t(' (2 #!" e"#$#e; #( #$&e e-ec# $er !" 0e$#. *66$+

Ar#. 8>. Te 4$&!' (2 $ )!ll !" $ "#r!c#l 5er"('$l $c#G !# c$''(# %e le !' )(le (r !' 5$r# (2 #e 0!"cret(' (2 $ #!r0 5er"('; (r

$cc(45l!"e0 #r( #e !'"#r4e'#$l!# (2 $' $e'# (r $:(r'e. *6$+

Ar#. 8?. Te 0r$t(' (r e7c$c (2 #e 0e"!'$t(' (2 e!r"; 0e

$re #( #$&e; )e' re2erre0 #( % '$4e; c$''(# %e le #( #e 0!"cret(' (2 $ #!r0 5er"('. *6$+


54/151

Ar#. 86. Te #e"#$#(r 4$ e'#r"# #( $ #!r0 5er"(' #e 0!"#r!%t(' (2 "5ec!/c 5r(5er# (r "4" (2 4('e #$# e 4$ le$

Ar#. . Te )(r0" (2 $ )!ll $re #( %e #$&e' !' #e!r (r0!'$r $'0 r$44$tc$l "e'"e; 'le"" $ cle$r !'#e't(' #( "e #e4 !' $'(#er

"e'"e c$' %e $#ere0; $'0 #$# (#er c$' %e $"cer#$!'e0.

Tec'!c$l )(r0" !' $ )!ll $re #( %e #$&e' !' #e!r #ec'!c$l "e'"e; 'le"" #e c('#e=# cle$rl !'0!c$#e" $ c('#r$r !'#e't('; (r 'le"" !#

"$t"2$c#(r!l $55e$r" #$# e )$" '$c$!'#e0 )!# "c #ec'!c$l "e'"e. *6?$+

Ar#. 1. Te )(r0" (2 $ )!ll $re #( rece!

Ar#. 6. All 5er"('" )( $re '(# e=5re""l 5r(!%!#e0 % l$) 4$ 4$&e $ )!ll. *66,+

Ar#. . Per"('" (2 e!#er "e= '0er e!#ee' e$r" (2 $e c$''(# 4$&e $ )!ll. *'+

Ar#. 8. I' (r0er #( 4$&e $ )!ll !# !" e""e't$l #$# #e #e"#$#(r %e (2 "('0 4!'0 $# #e t4e (2 !#" e=ect('. *'+

Ar#. . T( %e (2 "('0 4!'0; !# !" '(# 'ece""$r #$# #e #e"#$#(r %e !' 2ll 5(""e""!(' (2 $ll !" re$"('!' 2$clte"; (r #$# !" 4!'0

%e )(ll '%r(&e'; '!45$!re0; (r '"$:ere0 % 0!"e$"e; !'@r (r (#er c$"e.I# "$ll %e "7c!e'# !2 #e #e"#$#(r )$" $%le $# #e t4e (2 4$&!' #e )!ll #( &'() #e '$#re (2 #e e"#$#e #( %e 0!"5("e0 (2; #e

5r(5er (%@ec#" (2 !" %('#; $'0 #e c$r$c#er (2 #e #e"#$4e'#$r $c#. *'+

Ar#. 8. Te l$) 5re"4e" #$# e. E


55/151


56/151

*1+ Te 0(c4e'# (r 5$5er re2erre0 #( !' #e )!ll 4"# %e !' e=!"#e'ce $# #e t4e (2 #e e=ect(' (2 #e )!llG

*,+ Te )!ll 4"# cle$rl 0e"cr!%e $'0 !0e't2 #e "$4e; "#$t' $4(' (#er #!'" #e '4%er (2 5$e" #ere(2G

*3+ I# 4"# %e !0e't/e0 % cle$r $'0 "$t"2$c#(r 5r((2 $" #e 0(c4e'# (r 5$5er re2erre0 #( #ere!'G $'0

*>+ I# 4"# %e "!'e0 % #e #e"#$#(r $'0 #e )!#'e""e" (' e$c $'0 e

$cc(r0$'ce #ere)!#; !2 !#" c('#e'#"; $'0 0e e=ect('; $'0 #e 2$c# (2 !#" '$#(r!9e0 0e"#rct('; c$'cell$t('; (r

(%l!#er$t(' $re e"#$%l!"e0 $cc(r0!' #( #e Rle" (2 C(r#. *'+

Ar#. 831. S%"ee'# )!ll" )!c 0( '(# re$" $re !'c('"!"#e'# )!# (r c('#r$r #( #("e c('#$!'e0 !' #e l$:er )!ll". *'+

Ar#. 83,. A re

Te S5re4e C(r# "$ll 2(r4l$#e "c $00!t('$l Rle" (2 C(r# $" 4$ %e 'ece""$r 2(r #e $ll()$'ce (2 )!ll" (' 5ett(' (2 #e

#e"#$#(r.

S%@ec# #( #e r!# (2 $55e$l; #e $ll()$'ce (2 #e )!ll; e!#er 0r!' #e l!2et4e (2 #e #e"#$#(r (r $er !" 0e$#; "$ll %e

c('cl"!+ I2 !# )$" 5r(cre0 % '0e $'0 !45r(5er 5re""re $'0 !'Je'ce; (' #e 5$r# (2 #e %e'e/c!$r (r (2 "(4e (#er 5er"('G

*?+ I2 #e "!'$#re (2 #e #e"#$#(r )$" 5r(cre0 % 2r$0G

*6+ I2 #e #e"#$#(r $c#e0 % 4!"#$&e (r 0!0 '(# !'#e'0 #$# #e !'"#r4e'# e "!'e0 "(l0 %e !" )!ll $# #e t4e (2 $7=!'

!" "!'$#re #ere#(. *'+

SECTION ,. I'"t#t(' (2 He!r

Ar#. 8>. I'"t#t(' (2 e!r !" $' $c# %

!' !" 5r(5er# $'0 #r$'"4!""!%le r!#" $'0 (%l!$t('". *'+

Ar#. 8>1. A )!ll "$ll %e


57/151

I' "c c$"e" #e #e"#$4e'#$r 0!"5("!t('" 4$0e !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# l$) "$ll %e c(45l!e0 )!# $'0 #e re4$!'0er (2 #e e"#$#e

"$ll 5$"" #( #e le$l e!r". *6>+

Ar#. 8>,. O'e )( $" '( c(45l"(r e!r" 4$ 0!"5("e % )!ll (2 $ll !" e"#$#e (r $' 5$r# (2 !# !' 2$

#e le!t4e (2 "$!0 e!r". *63$+

Ar#. 8>3. Te #e"#$#(r "$ll 0e"!'$#e #e e!r % !" '$4e $'0 "r'$4e; $'0 )e' #ere $re #)( 5er"('" $

0(%# $" #( )( $" %ee' !'"t##e0; #e !'"t#t(' "$ll %e >. A' err(r !' #e '$4e; "r'$4e; (r c!rc4"#$'ce" (2 #e e!r "$ll '(#

Ar#. 8>. We' #e #e"#$#(r !'"t##e" "(4e e!r" !'0!

!'#e't(' (2 #e #e"#$#(r )$" (#er)!"e. *6$+

Ar#. 8>8. I2 #e #e"#$#(r "(l0 !'"t##e !" %r(#er" $'0 "!"#er"; $'0 e $" "(4e (2 2ll %l((0 $'0 (#er" (2 $l2 %l((0; #e

!'er!#$'ce "$ll %e 0!"#r!%#e0 e$ll 'le"" $ 0!-ere'# !'#e't(' $55e$r". *$+

Ar#. 8>. We' #e #e"#$#(r c$ll" #( #e "cce""!(' $ 5er"(' $'0 !" c!l0re' #e $re $ll 0ee4e0 #( $

!'"t##e0. *'+

Ar#. 8?8. S%"t#t(' (2 e!r" 4$ %e

*1+ S!45le (r c(44('G

*,+ Br!e2 (r c(45e'0!("G

*3+ Rec!5r(c$lG (r

*>+ F!0e!c(44!""$r. *'+

Ar#. 8?. Te #e"#$#(r 4$ 0e"!'$#e ('e (r 4(re 5er"('" #( "%"t##e #e e!r (r e!r" !'"t##e0 !' c$"e "c e!r (r e!r" "(l0

0!e %e2(re !4; (r "(l0 '(# )!"; (r "(l0 %e !'c$5$c!#$#e0 #( $cce5# #e !'er!#$'ce.


58/151

A "!45le "%"t#t('; )!#(# $ "#$#e4e'# (2 #e c$"e" #( )!c !# re2er"; "$ll c(45r!"e #e #ree 4e't('e0 !' #e 5rece0!'

5$r$r$5; 'le"" #e #e"#$#(r $" (#er)!"e 5r(+

Ar#. 86. T)( (r 4(re 5er"('" 4$ %e "%"t##e0 2(r ('eG $'0 ('e 5er"(' 2(r #)( (r 4(re e!r". *8+

Ar#. 861. I2 e!r" !'"t##e0 !' 'e$l "$re" "(l0 %e rec!5r(c$ll "%"t##e0; #e "%"t##e "$ll $c!re #e "$re (2 #e e!r )(

0!e"; re'('ce"; (r !" !'c$5$c!#$#e0; 'le"" !# cle$rl $55e$r" #$# #e !'#e't(' (2 #e #e"#$#(r )$" (#er)!"e. I2 #ere $re 4(re #$'

('e "%"t##e; #e "$ll $

le!t4$#e e=5e'"e"; cre0!#" $'0 !45r(

Ar#. 866. Te "ec('0 e!r "$ll $c!re $ r!# #( #e "cce""!(' 2r(4 #e t4e (2 #e #e"#$#(r" 0e$#; e

5(' #e /0c!$r #e $%"(l#e (%l!$t(' #( 0el!

863G

*3+ T("e )!c !45("e 5(' #e e!r #e c$re (2 5$!' #(

4$''er 5re@0!ce #e e!r; e

(#er 5er"(' "$ll %e $+

Ar#. 86. A' 5rel 5(#e"#$t

S(l0 !# $


59/151

Ar#. 8. I2 #e 5(#e"#$t

Ar#. 881. Te $55(!'#4e'# (2 #e $04!'!"#r$#(r (2 #e e"#$#e 4e't('e0 !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle; $" )ell $" #e 4$''er (2 #e

$04!'!"#r$t(' $'0 #e r!#" $'0 (%l!$t('" (2 #e $04!'!"#r$#(r "$ll %e (

I2 #e 5er"(' !'#ere"#e0 !' #e c('0!t(' "(l0 5re

SECTION ?. Le!t4e

Ar#. 886. Le!t4e !" #$# 5$r# (2 #e #e"#$#(r" 5r(5er# )!c e c$''(# 0!"5("e (2 %ec$"e #e l$) $" re"er+ Ac&'()le0e0 '$#r$l c!l0re'; $'0 '$#r$l c!l0re' % le$l /ct('G

*?+ O#er !lle!t4$#e c!l0re' re2erre0 #( !' Artcle ,8.

C(45l"(r e!r" 4e't('e0 !' N(". 3; >; $'0 ? $re '(# e=cl0e0 % #("e !' N(". 1 $'0 ,G 'e!#er 0( #e e=cl0e ('e $'(#er.I' $ll c$"e" (2 !lle!t4$#e c!l0re'; #e!r /l!$t(' 4"# %e 0l 5r(

0e"ce'0$'#".

Te c!l0re' (r 0e"ce'0$'#" 4$ 2reel 0!"5("e (2 #e (#er $l2; "%@ec# #( #e r!#" (2 !lle!t4$#e c!l0re' $'0 (2 #e "r

Ar#. 8. Te le!t4e re"er

0!e0; #e )(le "$ll 5$"" #( #e "r

I2 #e #e"#$#(r le$

le!t4e "$ll %e 0!

Ar#. 81. Te $"ce'0$'# )( !'er!#" 2r(4 !" 0e"ce'0$'# $' 5r(5er# )!c #e l$:er 4$ $

#e "$4e.

I2 #ere $re #)( (r 4(re le!t4$#e c!l0re' (r 0e"ce'0$'#"; #e "r


60/151

I' %(# c$"e"; #e le!t4e (2 #e "r

#e"#$#(r. *83>$+

Ar#. 83. I2 #e #e"#$#(r le$

('e2(r# (2 #e ere0!#$r e"#$#e.

T!" 2(r# "$ll %e #$&e' 2r(4 #e 2ree 5(rt(' (2 #e e"#$#e. *836$+

Ar#. 8>. I2 #e #e"#$#(r le$

"5("e 4"# /r"# %e 2ll "$t"/e0. *8>$+

Ar#. 86. Ille!t4$#e c!l0re' )( 4$ "r

"5("e "$ll %e e't#le0 #( ('ee!# (2 #e ere0!#$r e"#$#e (2 #e 0ece$"e0 )!c 4"# %e #$&e' 2r(4 #e 2ree 5(rt('; $'0 #e

!lle!t4$#e c!l0re' "$ll %e e't#le0 #( ('e2(r# (2 #e e"#$#e )!c "$ll %e #$&e' $l"( 2r(4 #e 0!"5("$%le 5(rt('. Te #e"#$#(r

4$ 2reel 0!"5("e (2 #e re4$!'!' ('ee!# (2 #e e"#$#e. *'+

Ar#. . I2 #e ('l "r

I2 #e 4$rr!$e %e#)ee' #e "r

4('#" 2r(4 #e t4e (2 #e 4$rr!$e; #e le!t4e (2 #e "r

e"#$#e; e=ce5# )e' #e $

Ar#. 1. We' #e #e"#$#(r 0!e" le$

r!# #( ('e$l2 (2 #e ere0!#$r e"#$#e (2 #e 0ece$"e0.

Te (#er $l2 "$ll %e $# #e 2ree 0!"5("$l (2 #e #e"#$#(r. *8>,$+Ar#. ,. Te r!#" (2 !lle!t4$#e c!l0re' "e# 2(r# !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle" $re #r$'"4!:e0 5(' #e!r 0e$# #( #e!r 0e"ce'0$'#"

)e#er le!t4$#e (r !lle!t4$#e. *8>3$+

Ar#. 3. Te le!t4e (2 #e 5$re'#" )( $

!lle!t4$#e c!l0re' $re le; #e 5$re'#" $re '(# e't#le0 #( $' le!t4e )$#"(e

Ar#. 6. A' c(45l"(r e!r #( )(4 #e #e"#$#(r $" le % $' t#le le"" #$' #e le!t4e %el('!' #( !4 4$ 0e4$'0 #$# #e

"$4e %e 2ll "$t"/e0. *81?+

Ar#. . Te"#$4e'#$r 0!"5("!t('" #$# !45$!r (r 0!4!'!" #e le!t4e (2 #e c(45l"(r e!r" "$ll %e re0ce0 (' 5ett(' (2 #e

"$4e; !'"(2$r $" #e 4$ %e !'(7c!(" (r e=ce""!


61/151

Ar#. 1. D('$t('" )!c $' !lle!t4$#e c!l0 4$ $$+

Ar#. 11. Aer #e le!t4e $" %ee' 0e#er4!'e0 !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# #e #ree 5rece0!' $rtcle"; #e re0ct(' "$ll %e 4$0e $"

2(ll()"

*1+ D('$t('" "$ll %e re"5ec#e0 $" l(' $" #e le!t4e c$' %e c(

*,+ Te re0ct(' (2 #e 0e

'tl #e l$:er $

#e 0e

Ar#. 1,. I2 #e 0e

Te 0e

5(rt(' $'0 (2 #e "$re 5er#$!'!' #( !4 $" le!t4e. *8,1+

Ar#. 13. I2 #e e!r" (r 0e

!'"#$'ce (2 $' ('e (2 #e !'#ere"#e0 5$rte". *8,,+

Ar#. 1>. Te #e"#$#(r 4$ 0e

0!"!'er!#e0 e!r "(l0 0e' !#. *8?+

Ar#. 18. D!"!'er!#$'ce )!#(# $ "5ec!/c$t(' (2 #e c$"e; (r 2(r $ c$"e #e #r# (2 )!c; !2 c('#r$0!c#e0; !" '(# 5r(

(r 4(re; !2 #e $cc"$t(' $" %ee' 2('0 r('0le""G

*3+ We' $ c!l0 (r 0e"ce'0$'# $" %ee' c('

*6+ M$l#re$#4e'# (2 #e #e"#$#(r % )(r0 (r 0ee0; % #e c!l0 (r 0e"ce'0$'#G

*+ We' $ c!l0 (r 0e"ce'0$'# le$0" $ 0!"('(r$%le (r 0!"r$ce2l l!2eG

*8+ C('$+

Ar#. ,. Te 2(ll()!' "$ll %e "7c!e'# c$"e" 2(r #e 0!"!'er!#$'ce (2 5$re'#" (r $"ce'0$'#"; )e#er le!t4$#e (r !lle!t4$#e

*1+ We' #e 5$re'#" $*,+ We' #e 5$re'# (r $"ce'0$'# $" %ee' c('

*?+ We' #e 5$re'# (r $"ce'0$'# % 2r$0;

*8+ A' $:e45# % ('e (2 #e 5$re'#" $$!'"# #e l!2e (2 #e (#er; 'le"" #ere $" %ee' $ rec('c!l!$t(' %e#)ee'

#e4. *?6; 8?>; 6>$+


62/151

Ar#. ,1. Te 2(ll()!' "$ll %e "7c!e'# c$"e" 2(r 0!"!'er!t' $ "5("e

*1+ We' #e "5("e $" %ee' c('

$lre$0 4$0eG

*>+ We' #e "5("e $" !$+

Ar#. ,,. A "%"ee'# rec('c!l!$t(' %e#)ee' #e (-e'0er $'0 #e (-e'0e0 5er"(' 0e5r!

Ar#. ,6. We' #e #e"#$#(r c$re" ('e (2 #e e!r" )!# $ le$c (r 0e

Ar#. ,. I2 #e #e"#$#(r; e!r; (r le$#ee ()'" ('l $ 5$r# (2; (r $' !'#ere"# !' #e #!' %ee$#e0; #e le$c (r 0e

'0er"#((0 l!4!#e0 #( "c 5$r# (r !'#ere"#; 'le"" #e #e"#$#(r e=5re""l 0ecl$re" #$# e !

5er#$!'e0 #( !4. B# !2 #e #!' %ee$#e0; #( '(# %el('!' #( #e #e"#$#(r )e' e 4$0e #e )!ll; $er)$r0" %ec(4e" !";

% )$#e

%e !'e-ect

I2 #e le$#ee (r 0e

e=ect(' (2 #e )!ll; #e e"#$#e !" (%l!e0 #( 5$ #e 0e%#; 'le"" #e c('#r$r !'#e't(' $55e$r".

Te "$4e rle $55l!e" )e' #e #!' !" 5le0e0 (r 4(r#$e0 $er #e e=ect(' (2 #e )!ll.

A' (#er c$re; 5er5e#$l (r #e45(r$r; )!# )!c #e #!' %ee$#e0 !" %r0e'e0; 5$""e" )!# !# #( #e le$#ee (r

0e

re$r0" #$# 5$r# (2 #e cre0!# (r 0e%# e=!"t' $# #e t4e (2 #e 0e$# (2 #e #e"#$#(r.

I' #e /r"# c$"e; #e e"#$#e "$ll c(45l )!# #e le$c % $""!'!' #( #e le$#ee $ll r!#" (2 $ct(' !# 4$ $I' %(# c$"e"; #e le$c "$ll c(45r!"e $ll !'#ere"#" (' #e cre0!# (r 0e%# )!c 4$ %e 0e #e #e"#$#(r $# #e t4e (2 !"

0e$#. *8$+

Ar#. 36. Te le$c re2erre0 #( !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle "$ll l$5"e !2 #e #e"#$#(r; $er $


63/151

Ar#. 3. A e'er!c le$c (2 rele$"e (r re4!""!(' (2 0e%#" c(45r!"e" #("e e=!"t' $# #e t4e (2 #e e=ect(' (2 #e )!ll; %# '(#

"%"ee'# ('e". *8,+

Ar#. 38. A le$c (r 0e

Ar#. 3. I2 #e #e"#$#(r (r0er" #e 5$4e'# (2 )$# e %el!eAr#. >. I' $l#er'$t

I' #e $l#er'$t

Te r!# (2 c(!ce "$ll %el(' #( #e e=ec#(r (r $04!'!"#r$#(r )( "$ll c(45l )!# #e le$c % #e 0el!#e l$:er 4$ c(("e )!ce3. I2 #e e!r; le$#ee (r 0e

Ar#. >>. A le$c 2(r e0c$t(' l$"#" 'tl #e le$#ee !" (2 $e; (r %e('0 #e $e (2 4$@(r!# !' (r0er #$# #e le$#ee 4$ /'!"

"(4e 5r(2e""!('$l;

I2 #e #e"#$#(r (r 0r!' !" l!2et4e "e0 #( !

Ar#. >8. I2 #e le$c (r 0e

e=ec#(r (r $04!'!"#r$#(r.*88,$+

Ar#. >. I2 #e %ee"# "(l0 '(# %e (2 $ "5ec!/c $'0 0e#er4!'$#e #!'; %# !" e'er!c (r (2 $'t#; !#" 2r!#" $'0 !'#ere"#" 2r(4

#e t4e (2 #e 0e$# (2 #e #e"#$#(r "$ll 5er#$!' #( #e le$#ee (r 0e$+

Ar#. ?. I2 #e e"#$#e "(l0 '(# %e "7c!e'# #( c(

*1+ Re4'er$#(r le$c!e" (r 0e

*,+ Le$c!e" (r 0e

%ee$#e0 !2 e !" $%le #( 0( "( $'0 c$''(# 0!"c$re #!" (%l!$t(' % 5$!' !#"


64/151


65/151


66/151

#e 0!

SUBSECTION 3. Ille!t4$#e C!l0re'

Ar#. 88. I' #e $%"e'ce (2 le!t4$#e 0e"ce'0$'#" (r $"ce'0$'#"; #e !lle!t4$#e c!l0re' "$ll "ccee0 #( #e e'tre e"#$#e (2 #e

0ece$"e0. *3$+

Ar#. 8. I2; #(e#er )!# !lle!t4$#e c!l0re'; #ere "(l0 "r

#e!r 0e"ce'0$'#"; )( "$ll !'er!# % r!# (2 re5re"e'#$t(' 2r(4 #e!r 0ece$"e0 r$'05$re'#. *>1$+Ar#. 1. I2 le!t4$#e $"ce'0$'#" $re le; #e !lle!t4$#e c!l0re' "$ll 0!

e"#$#e; )$#e,8>1$+

Ar#. ,. A' !lle!t4$#e c!l0 $" '( r!# #( !'er!# $% !'#e"#$#( 2r(4 #e le!t4$#e c!l0re' $'0 rel$t

"$re $l!&e. *>>+

Ar#. >. I' 0e2$l# (2 #e 2$#er (r 4(#er; $' !lle!t4$#e c!l0 "$ll %e "ccee0e0 % !" (r er "r

$'0 #e l$:er #e (#er $l2. *>?$+

SUBSECTION >. Sr6$+

Ar#. 6. I2 $ )!0() (r )!0()er $'0 le!t4$#e c!l0re' (r 0e"ce'0$'#" $re le; #e "r

"$re $" #$# (2 e$c (2 #e c!l0re'. *83>$+

Ar#. . We' #e )!0() (r )!0()er "r

$l2 (2 #e e"#$#e; $'0 #e le!t4$#e 5$re'#" (r $"ce'0$'#" #( #e (#er $l2. *836$+

Ar#. 8. I2 $ )!0() (r )!0()er "r

)!0() (r )!0()er "$ll $

Ar#. 1,. I' c$"e (2 $ le$l "e5$r$t('; !2 #e "r6$+

Ar#. 1>. S(l0 #e ('l "r

Ar#. 18. C!l0re' (2 %r(#er" $'0 "!"#er" (2 #e $l2 %l((0 "$ll "ccee0 5er c$5!#$ (r 5er "tr5e"; !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# #e rle" l$!0

0()' 2(r #e %r(#er" $'0 "!"#er" (2 #e 2ll %l((0. *1?+

Ar#. 1. S(l0 #ere %e 'e!#er %r(#er" '(r "!"#er" '(r c!l0re' (2 %r(#er" (r "!"#er"; #e (#er c(ll$#er$l rel$t


67/151


68/151


69/151


70/151


71/151


72/151


73/151


74/151


75/151


76/151


77/151


78/151


79/151

Ar#. 1,1>. Te 0e%#(r 4$ 5$ $' ('e (2 #e "(l!0$r cre0!#(r"G %# !2 $' 0e4$'0; @0!c!$l (r e=#r$@0!c!$l; $" %ee' 4$0e % ('e (2

#e4; 5$4e'# "(l0 %e 4$0e #( !4. *11>,$+

Ar#. 1,1?. N(3+

Ar#. 1,16. Te cre0!#(r 4$ 5r(cee0 $$!'"# $' ('e (2 #e "(l!0$r 0e%#(r" (r "(4e (r $ll (2 #e4 "!4l#$'e("l. Te 0e4$'0

4$0e $$!'"# ('e (2 #e4 "$ll '(# %e $' (%"#$cle #( #("e )!c 4$ "%"ee'#l %e 0!rec#e0 $$!'"# #e (#er"; "( l(' $" #e

0e%# $" '(# %ee' 2ll c(llec#e0. *11>>$+

Ar#. 1,1. P$4e'# 4$0e % ('e (2 #e "(l!0$r 0e%#(r" e=t'!"e" #e (%l!$t('. I2 #)( (r 4(re "(l!0$r 0e%#(r" (-er #( 5$; #ecre0!#(r 4$ c(("e )!c (-er #( $cce5#.

He )( 4$0e #e 5$4e'# 4$ cl$!4 2r(4 !" c(0e%#(r" ('l #e "$re )!c c(rre"5('0" #( e$c; )!# #e !'#ere"# 2(r #e

5$4e'# $lre$0 4$0e. I2 #e 5$4e'# !" 4$0e %e2(re #e 0e%# !" 0e; '( !'#ere"# 2(r #e !'#er

(#er"; e 4$ $

#!" r!# $" %ee' e=5re""l re"er


80/151

#e 2l/ll4e'# (2 #e (%l!$t('; #e 5er2(r4$'ce #ere(2 "(l0 %ec(4e !45(""!%le )!#(# !" 2$l#; #e 5e'$l# 4$ %e e'2(rce0

*11?3$+

Ar#. 1,,8. Pr((2 (2 $c#$l 0$4$e" "-ere0 % #e cre0!#(r !" '(# 'ece""$r !' (r0er #$# #e 5e'$l# 4$ %e 0e4$'0e0. *'+

Ar#. 1,,. Te @0e "$ll e!#$%l re0ce #e 5e'$l# )e' #e 5r!'c!5$l (%l!$t(' $" %ee' 5$r#l (r !rrel$rl c(45l!e0 )!# %

#e 0e%#(r. E+ B #e c('2"!(' (r 4erer (2 #e r!#" (2 cre0!#(r $'0 0e%#(rG

*?+ B c(45e'"$t('G

*6+ B '(c(45le#el 0el!

!'"(2$r $" #e 5$4e'# $" %ee' %e'e/c!$l #( !4.

P$4e'# 4$0e #( $ #!r0 5er"(' "$ll $l"( %e


81/151


82/151


83/151

SECTION ?. C(45e'"$t('

Ar#. 1,8. C(45e'"$t(' "$ll #$&e 5l$ce )e' #)( 5er"('"; !' #e!r ()' r!#; $re cre0!#(r" $'0 0e%#(r" (2 e$c (#er. *11?+

Ar#. 1,. I' (r0er #$# c(45e'"$t(' 4$ %e 5r(5er; !# !" 'ece""$r

*1+ T$# e$c ('e (2 #e (%l!(r" %e %('0 5r!'c!5$ll; $'0 #$# e %e $# #e "$4e t4e $ 5r!'c!5$l cre0!#(r (2 #e (#erG

*,+ T$# %(# 0e%#" c('"!"# !' $ "4 (2 4('e; (r !2 #e #!'" 0e $re c('"4$%le; #e %e (2 #e "$4e &!'0; $'0 $l"( (2 #e

"$4e $l!# !2 #e l$:er $" %ee' "#$#e0G

*3+ T$# #e #)( 0e%#" %e 0eG

*>+ T$# #e %e l!!0$#e0 $'0 0e4$'0$%leG

*?+ T$# (

cre0!#(r 4$ ()e #e 5r!'c!5$l 0e%#(r. *11+

Ar#. 1,81. C(45e'"$t(' 4$ %e #(#$l (r 5$rt$l. We' #e #)( 0e%#" $re (2 #e "$4e $4('#; #ere !" $ #(#$l c(45e'"$t('. *'+

Ar#. 1,8,. Te 5$rte" 4$ $ree 5(' #e c(45e'"$t(' (2 0e%#" )!c $re '(# e# 0e. *'+

Ar#. 1,83. I2 ('e (2 #e 5$rte" #( $ "!# (

0e%#(r $# #e t4e e $I2 #e $""!'4e'# !" 4$0e )!#(# #e &'()le0e (2 #e 0e%#(r; e 4$ "e# 5 #e c(45e'"$t(' (2 $ll cre0!#" 5r!(r #( #e "$4e $'0

$l"( l$#er ('e" 'tl e $0 &'()le0e (2 #e $""!'4e'#. *118$+

Ar#. 1,86. C(45e'"$t(' #$&e" 5l$ce % (5er$t(' (2 l$); e

Ar#. 1,8. I2 $ 5er"(' "(l0 $

Ar#. 1,6. We' #e 5r!'c!5$l (%l!$t(' !" e=t'!"e0 !' c('"ee'ce (2 $ '(


84/151


85/151


86/151

Ar#. 13>1. A 4ere e=5re""!(' (2 $' (5!'!(' 0(e" '(# "!'!2 2r$0; 'le"" 4$0e % $' e=5er# $'0 #e (#er 5$r# $" rel!e0 (' #e

2(r4er" "5ec!$l &'()le0e. *'+

Ar#. 13>,. M!"re5re"e'#$t(' % $ #!r0 5er"(' 0(e" '(#

4!"#$&e $'0 #e "$4e !" 4#$l. *'+

Ar#. 13>3. M!"re5re"e'#$t(' 4$0e !' ((0 2$!# !" '(# 2r$0le'# %# 4$ c('"t##e err(r. *'+

Ar#. 13>>. I' (r0er #$# 2r$0 4$ 4$&e $ c('#r$c# ?. S!4l$t(' (2 $ c('#r$c# 4$ %e $%"(l#e (r rel$t6. A' $%"(l#el "!4l$#e0 (r /ctt(" c('#r$c# !" . All #!'" )!c $re '(# (#"!0e #e c(44erce (2 4e'; !'cl0!' 2#re #!'"; 4$ %e #e (%@ec# (2 $ c('#r$c#. All r!#"

)!c $re '(# !'#r$'"4!""!%le 4$ $l"( %e #e (%@ec# (2 c('#r$c#".

N( c('#r$c# 4$ %e e'#ere0 !'#( 5(' 2#re !'er!#$'ce e=ce5# !' c$"e" e=5re""l $#(r!9e0 % l$).

All "er

%e#)ee' #e 5$rte". *1,3+

SECTION 3. C$"e (2 C('#r$c#"

Ar#. 13?. I' ('er(" c('#r$c#" #e c$"e !" '0er"#((0 #( %e; 2(r e$c c('#r$ct' 5$r#; #e 5re"#$t(' (r 5r(4!"e (2 $ #!' (r

"er

4ere l!%er$l!# (2 #e %e'e2$c#(r. *1,>+

Ar#. 13?1. Te 5$rtcl$r 4(t

c('#r$ct' 5$rte" 4$ c(45el e$c (#er #( (%"er


87/151

All (#er c('#r$c#" )ere #e $4('# !'

!'"#r4e'# 5r5(rt' #( e4%(0 #e $ree4e'#; % re$"(' (2 4!"#$&e; 2r$0; !'e!#$%le c('0c# (r $cc!0e'#; ('e (2 #e 5$rte"

4$ $"& 2(r #e re2(r4$t(' (2 #e !'"#r4e'# #( #e e'0 #$# "c #re !'#e't(' 4$ %e e=5re""e0.

I2 4!"#$&e; 2r$0; !'e!#$%le c('0c#; (r $cc!0e'# $" 5re

c('ce$le0 #$# 2$c# 2r(4 #e 2(r4er; #e !'"#r4e'# 4$ %e re2(r4e0.

Ar#. 136>. We' #r( #e !'(r$'ce; l$c& (2 "&!ll; 'el!e'ce (r %$0 2$!# (' #e 5$r# (2 #e 5er"(' 0r$!' #e !'"#r4e'# (r (2

#e cler& (r #5!"#; #e !'"#r4e'# 0(e" '(# e=5re"" #e #re !'#e't(' (2 #e 5$rte"; #e c(r#" 4$ (r0er #$# #e !'"#r4e'# %e

re2(r4e0.

Ar#. 136?. I2 #)( 5$rte" $ree 5(' #e 4(r#$e (r 5le0e (2 re$l (r 5er"('$l 5r(5er#; %# #e !'"#r4e'# "#$#e" #$# #e 5r(5er#

!" "(l0 $%"(l#el (r )!# $ r!# (2 re5rc$"e; re2(r4$t(' (2 #e !'"#r4e'# !" 5r(5er.

Ar#. 1366. Tere "$ll %e '( re2(r4$t(' !' #e 2(ll()!' c$"e"

*1+ S!45le 0('$t('" !'#er

*3+ We' #e re$l $ree4e'# !" Ar#. 131. I' (r0er #( @0e #e !'#e't(' (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte"; #e!r c('#e45(r$'e(" $'0 "%"ee'# $c#" "$ll %e 5r!'c!5$ll

c('"!0ere0. *1,8,+

Ar#. 13,. H()e


88/151


89/151

Ar#. 133. R$t/c$t(' 4$ %e e-ec#e0 e=5re""l (r #$c!#l. I# !" '0er"#((0 #$# #ere !" $ #$c!# r$t/c$t(' !2; )!# &'()le0e (2 #e

re$"(' )!c re'0er" #e c('#r$c#

Ar#. 13>. R$t/c$t(' 4$ %e e-ec#e0 % #e $r0!$' (2 #e !'c$5$c!#$#e0 5er"('. *'+

Ar#. 13?. R$t/c$t(' 0(e" '(# re!re #e c('2(r4!# (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$r# )( $" '( r!# #( %r!' #e $ct(' 2(r $''l4e'#.

*131,+

Ar#. 136. R$t/c$t(' cle$'"e" #e c('#r$c# 2r(4 $ll !#" 0e2ec#" 2r(4 #e 4(4e'# !# )$" c('"t##e0. *1313+

Ar#. 13. Te $ct(' 2(r #e $''l4e'# (2 c('#r$c#" 4$ %e !'"t##e0 % $ll )( $re #ere% (%l!e0 5r!'c!5$ll (r "%"!0!$r!l.

H()e

I2 #e r!# (2 $ct(' !" %$"e0 5(' #e !'c$5$c!# (2 $' ('e (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte"; #e l("" (2 #e #!' "$ll '(# %e $' (%"#$cle

#( #e "cce"" (2 #e $ct('; 'le"" "$!0 l("" #((& 5l$ce #r( #e 2r$0 (r 2$l# (2 #e 5l$!'t-. *131>$+

Ar#. 1>,. A" l(' $" ('e (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte" 0(e" '(# re"#(re )$# !'

CHAPTER 8

UNENFORCEABLE CONTRACTS *'+

Ar#. 1>3. Te 2(ll()!' c('#r$c#" $re 'e'2(rce$%le; 'le"" #e $re r$t/e0

*1+ T("e e'#ere0 !'#( !' #e '$4e (2 $'(#er 5er"(' % ('e )( $" %ee' !

*$+ A' $ree4e'# #$# % !#" #er4" !" '(# #( %e 5er2(r4e0 )!#!' $ e$r 2r(4 #e 4$&!' #ere(2G

*%+ A "5ec!$l 5r(4!"e #( $'")er 2(r #e 0e%#; 0e2$l#; (r 4!"c$rr!$e (2 $'(#erG

*c+ A' $ree4e'# 4$0e !' c('"!0er$t(' (2 4$rr!$e; (#er #$' $ 4#$l 5r(4!"e #( 4$rrG

*0+ A' $ree4e'# 2(r #e "$le (2 ((0"; c$:el" (r #!'" !' $ct('; $# $ 5r!ce '(# le"" #$' /

#!'" !' $ct(' (r 5$ $# #e t4e "(4e 5$r# (2 #e 5rc$"e 4('eG %# )e' $ "$le !" 4$0e % $ct(' $'0 e'#r

!" 4$0e % #e $ct('eer !' !" "$le" %((&; $# #e t4e (2 #e "$le; (2 #e $4('# $'0 &!'0 (2 5r(5er# "(l0; #er4"

(2 "$le; 5r!ce; '$4e" (2 #e 5rc$"er" $'0 5er"(' (' )("e $cc('# #e "$le !" 4$0e; !# !" $ "7c!e'#

4e4(r$'04G

*e+ A' $ree4e'# (2 #e le$"!' 2(r $ l('er 5er!(0 #$' ('e e$r; (r 2(r #e "$le (2 re$l 5r(5er# (r (2 $' !'#ere"#

#ere!'G

*2+ A re5re"e'#$t(' $" #( #e cre0!# (2 $ #!r0 5er"('.

*3+ T("e )ere %(# 5$rte" $re !'c$5$%le (2 !

Ar#. 1>. I' $ c('#r$c# )ere %(# 5$rte" $re !'c$5$%le (2 !


90/151

Ar#. 1>8. U'e'2(rce$%le c('#r$c#" c$''(# %e $""$!le0 % #!r0 5er"('".

CHAPTER

VOID AND INEISTENT CONTRACTS

Ar#. 1>. Te 2(ll()!' c('#r$c#" $re !'e=!"#e'# $'0

*+ T("e e=5re""l 5r(!%!#e0 (r 0ecl$re0

T!" rle "$ll %e $55l!c$%le )e' ('l ('e (2 #e 5$rte" !" !l#G %# #e !''(ce'# ('e 4$ cl$!4 )$# e $" !

*,+ We' ('l ('e (2 #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte" !" $# 2$l#; e c$''(# rec(1>. We' 4('e !" 5$!0 (r 5r(5er# 0el!

0e4$'0" $ll() rec(

Ar#. 1>,,. A c('#r$c# )!c !" #e 0!rec# re"l# (2 $ 5re

%e!' %$"e0 (' 5("!t

%('0 #( 5$ %ec$"e #e $ct(' #ere(' $" 5re"cr!%e0; %# #e 0e%#(r l$#er


91/151


92/151

Ar#. 1>>6. Acce5#$'ce % #e %e'e/c!$r !" 'ece""$r. Ne>. Te e'4er$t(' (2 #e 2(ll()!' c$"e" (2 !45l!e0 #r"# 0(e" '(# e=cl0e (#er" e"#$%l!"e0 % #e e'er$l l$) (2 #r"#;

%# #e l!4!#$t(' l$!0 0()' !' Artcle 1>>, "$ll %e $55l!c$%le.

Ar#. 1>>8. Tere !" $' !45l!e0 #r"# )e' 5r(5er# !" "(l0; $'0 #e le$l e"#$#e !" r$'#e0 #( ('e 5$r# %# #e 5r!ce !" 5$!0 % $'(#er

2(r #e 5r5("e (2 $

#r"# !" !45l!e0 % l$); !# %e!' 0!"5#$%l 5re"4e0 #$# #ere !" $ ! !' 2$>. Tere !" $l"( $' !45l!e0 #r"# )e' $ 0('$t(' !" 4$0e #( $ 5er"(' %# !# $55e$r" #$# $l#( #e le$l e"#$#e !"

#r$'"4!:e0 #( #e 0('ee; e 'e. I2 $' $%"(l#e c('

Ar#. 1>?. A' !45l!e0 #r"# 4$ %e 5r(>?$+

Ar#. 1>?. Te #!' 4"# %e l!c!# $'0 #e Te e7c$c (2 #e "$le (2 $ 4ere (5e (r e=5ec#$'c !" 0ee4e0 "%@ec# #( #e c('0!t(' #$# #e #!' )!ll c(4e !'#( e=!"#e'ce.

Te "$le (2 $


93/151

)e!# (r 4e$"re %(#; #e %er %ec(4e" #e ()'er (2 #e )(le 4$"" $'0 #e "eller !" %('0 #( 4$&e ((0 #e 0e/c!e'c

2r(4 ((0" (2 #e "$4e &!'0 $'0 $l!#; 'le"" $ c('#r$r !'#e'# $55e$r". *'+

Ar#. 1>6?. T!'" "%@ec# #( $ re"(l#(r c('0!t(' 4$ %e #e (%@ec# (2 #e c('#r$c# (2 "$le. *'+

Ar#. 1>66. I' c('"#r!' $ c('#r$c# c('#$!'!' 5r(

4$'2$c#re" (r 5r(cre" 2(r #e e'er$l 4$r&e#; )e#er #e "$4e !" (' $'0 $# #e t4e (r '(#; !" $ c('#r$c# (2 "$le; %# !2 #e

((0" $re #( %e 4$'2$c#re0 "5ec!$ll 2(r #e c"#(4er $'0 5(' !" "5ec!$l (r0er; $'0 '(# 2(r #e e'er$l 4$r&e#; !# !" $ c('#r$c#

2(r $ 5!ece (2 )(r&. *'+

Ar#. 1>68. I2 #e c('"!0er$t(' (2 #e c('#r$c# c('"!"#" 5$r#l !' 4('e; $'0 5$r#l !' $'(#er #!'; #e #r$'"$ct(' "$ll %ec$r$c#er!9e0 % #e 4$'!2e"# !'#e't(' (2 #e 5$rte". I2 "c !'#e't(' 0(e" '(# cle$rl $55e$r; !# "$ll %e c('"!0ere0 $ %$r#er !2 #e

. r("" !'$0e$c (2 5r!ce 0(e" '(# $-ec# $ c('#r$c# (2 "$le; e=ce5# $" !# 4$ !'0!c$#e $ 0e2ec# !' #e c('"e'#; (r #$# #e

5$rte" re$ll !'#e'0e0 $ 0('$t(' (r "(4e (#er $c# (r c('#r$c#. *'+

Ar#. 1>1. I2 #e 5r!ce !" "!4l$#e0; #e "$le !" ,. Te 5r!ce (2 "ecr!te"; r$!'; l!!0"; $'0 (#er #!'" "$ll $l"( %e c('"!0ere0 cer#$!'; )e' #e 5r!ce /=e0 !" #$# )!c

#e #!' "(l0 )(l0 $

('e (2 #e 5$rte" !" $cce5#e0 % #e (#er; #e "$le !" 5er2ec#e0. *1>>$+

Ar#. 1>>. Were #e 5r!ce c$''(# %e 0e#er4!'e0 !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# #e 5rece0!' $rtcle"; (r !' $' (#er 4$''er; #e c('#r$c# !"

!'e7c$c!(". H()e?. Te c('#r$c# (2 "$le !" 5er2ec#e0 $# #e 4(4e'# #ere !" $ 4eet' (2 4!'0" 5(' #e #!' )!c !" #e (%@ec# (2 #e

c('#r$c# $'0 5(' #e 5r!ce.

Fr(4 #$# 4(4e'#; #e 5$rte" 4$ rec!5r(c$ll 0e4$'0 5er2(r4$'ce; "%@ec# #( #e 5r(

c"#(4$r 4$''er. U'tl "c $''('ce4e'# !" 4$0e; $' %!00er 4$ re#r$c# !" %!0G $'0 #e $ct('eer 4$ )!#0r$) #e

((0" 2r(4 #e "$le 'le"" #e $ct(' $" %ee' $''('ce0 #( %e )!#(# re"er

*>+ Were '(tce $" '(# %ee' !


94/151

Ar#. 1>81. I' #e c('#r$c# (2 "$le (2 ((0" % 0e"cr!5t(' (r % "$45le; #e c('#r$c# 4$ %e re"c!'0e0 !2 #e %l& (2 #e ((0"

0el!

Ar#. 1>8>. I' $ c('#r$c# (2 "$le (2 5er"('$l 5r(5er# #e 5r!ce (2 )!c !" 5$$%le !' !'"#$ll4e'#"; #e ??$+

Ar#. 1>88. Te e=5r(5r!$t(' (2 5r(5er# 2(r 5%l!c "e !" (

4(0!/c$t('" c('#$!'e0 !' #e 2(ll()!' $rtcle".

Were 'ece""$r!e" $re #("e "(l0 $'0 0el!?$+

Ar#. 1>. Te "%$'0 $'0 #e )!2e c$''(# "ell 5r(5er# #( e$c (#er; e=ce5#

*1+ We' $ "e5$r$t(' (2 5r(5er# )$" $ree0 5(' !' #e 4$rr!$e "e:le4e'#"G (r

*,+ We' #ere $" %ee' $ @0!c!$l "e5$r$t(' (r 5r(5er# '0er Artcle 11. *1>?8$+

Ar#. 1>1. Te 2(ll()!' 5er"('" c$''(# $c!re % 5rc$"e; e+ P%l!c (7cer" $'0 e45l(ee"; #e 5r(5er# (2 #e S#$#e (r (2 $' "%0!

@0e" $'0 (?$+

Ar#. 1>,. Te 5r(!%!t('" !' #e #)( 5rece0!' $rtcle" $re $55l!c$%le #( "$le" !' le$l re0e45t('; c(45r(4!"e" $'0 re''c!$t('"

*'+

CHAPTER 3

EFFECTS OF THE CONTRACT

WHEN THE THIN SOLD HAS BEEN LOST

Ar#. 1>3. I2 $# #e t4e #e c('#r$c# (2 "$le !" 5er2ec#e0; #e #!' )!c !" #e (%@ec# (2 #e c('#r$c# $" %ee' e'trel l("#; #e

c('#r$c# "$ll %e )!#(# $' e-ec#.


95/151

B# !2 #e #!' "(l0 $

CHAPTER >OBLIATIONS OF THE VENDOR

SECTION 1. e'er$l Pr(

Ar#. 1>?. Te 63$+

Ar#. 1?. Tere 4$ $l"( %e #r$0!t(' cons$tutum possessorium. *'+

Ar#. 1?1. W!# re"5ec# #( !'c(r5(re$l 5r(5er#; #e 5r(

+

Ar#. 1?,. We' ((0" $re 0el!

#e' !2 $ t4e $" %ee' /=e0 2(r #e re#r' (2 #e ((0"; (' #e e=5!r$t(' (2 "c t4e; $'0; !2 '( t4e $" %ee' /=e0; ('

#e e=5!r$t(' (2 $ re$"('$%le t4e. W$# !" $ re$"('$%le t4e !" $ e"t(' (2 2$c#. *'+

Ar#. 1?3. We' #ere !" $ c('#r$c# (2 "$le (2 "5ec!/c ((0"; #e "eller 4$; % #e #er4" (2 #e c('#r$c#; re"er


96/151

((0"; $l#( #e %!ll (2 e=c$'e $" '(# %ee' ('(re0; 5r(

*1+ Were 0el!

0!"5("e (2 #e4 $" !2 e )ere #e #re ()'er #ere(2G

*,+ Te

Ar#. 1?8. A 'e(t$%le 0(c4e'# (2 t#le 4$ %e 'e(t$#e0 % 0el!. A 5er"(' #( )(4 $ 0(c4e'# (2 t#le $" %ee' #r$'"2erre0; %# '(# 'e(t$#e0; $c!re" #ere%; $" $$!'"# #e

#r$'"2er(r; #e t#le #( #e ((0"; "%@ec# #( #e #er4" (2 $' $ree4e'# )!# #e #r$'"2er(r.


97/151

I2 #e 0(c4e'# !" '(''e(t$%le; "c 5er"(' $l"( $c!re" #e r!# #( '(t2 #e %$!lee )( !""e0 #e 0(c4e'# (2 #e #r$'"2er

#ere(2; $'0 #ere% #( $c!re #e 0!rec# (%l!$t(' (2 "c %$!lee #( (l0 5(""e""!(' (2 #e ((0" 2(r !4 $cc(r0!' #( #e #er4" (2

#e 0(c4e'#.

Pr!(r #( #e '(t/c$t(' #( "c %$!lee % #e #r$'"2er(r (r #r$'"2eree (2 $ '(''e(t$%le 0(c4e'# (2 t#le; #e t#le (2 #e

#r$'"2eree #( #e ((0" $'0 #e r!# #( $c!re #e (%l!$t(' (2 "c %$!lee 4$ %e 0e2e$#e0 % #e leAr#. 1?18. Te

#e ((0" 'tl #e 0(c4e'# !" "rre'0ere0 #( !4 (r !45('0e0 % #e c(r#. *'+

Ar#. 1?,. A cre0!#(r )("e 0e%#(r !" #e ()'er (2 $ 'e(t$%le 0(c4e'# (2 t#le "$ll %e e't#le0 #( "c $!0 2r(4 c(r#" (2

$55r(5r!$#e @r!"0!ct(' % !'@'ct(' $'0 (#er)!"e !' $:$c!' "c 0(c4e'# (r !' "$t"2!' #e cl$!4 % 4e$'" #ere(2 $" !"

$ll()e0 $# l$) (r !' e!# !' re$r0 #( 5r(5er# )!c c$''(# re$0!l %e $:$ce0 (r le

(2 $ c('#r$c# (2 "$le (2 "5ec!/c ((0"; )!c #( #e &'()le0e (2 #e 5$rte" )e' #e c('#r$c# (r #e "$le )$" 4$0e )ere !' "(4e

(#er 5l$ce; #e' #$# 5l$ce !" #e 5l$ce (2 0el!


98/151

(2 #e ((0" #( #e %er; e=ce5# !' #e c$"e 5r(

4$ (l0 #e "eller re"5('"!%le !' 0$4$e".

U'le"" (#er)!"e $ree0; )ere ((0" $re "e'# % #e "eller #( #e %er '0er c!rc4"#$'ce" !' )!c #e "eller &'()" (r (# #(

&'() #$# !# !" "$l #( !'"re; #e "eller 4"# !

*>+ A r!# #( re"c!'0 #e "$le $" l!&e)!"e l!4!#e0 % #!" T!#le.

Were #e ()'er"!5 !' #e ((0" $" '(# 5$""e0 #( #e %er; #e '5$!0 "eller $"; !' $00!t(' #( !" (#er re4e0!e" $ r!# (2

)!#(l0!' 0el!

*,+ Were #e ((0" $#e ()'er"!5 !' #e ((0" (r #e r!# #( #e 5(""e""!(' #ere(2G

*,+ We' #e %er (r !" $e'# l$)2ll (%#$!'" 5(""e""!(' (2 #e ((0"G

*3+ B )$!

e $0 'e


99/151


100/151

Ar#. 1?>. I2; !' #e c$"e (2 #e 5rece0!' $rtcle; #ere !" $ re$#er $re$ (r '4%er !' #e !44(

)!c !" !'0!"5e'"$%le !' e, "$ll 5re"cr!%e !' "!= 4('#"; c('#e0 2r(4 #e 0$ (2 0el!,$+

Ar#. 1?>>. I2 #e "$4e #!' "(l0 $3+

SECTION 3. C('0!t('" $'0 W$rr$'te"

Ar#. 1?>?. Were #e (%l!$t(' (2 e!#er 5$r# #( $ c('#r$c# (2 "$le !" "%@ec# #( $' c('0!t(' )!c !" '(# 5er2(r4e0; "c 5$r#

4$ re2"e #( 5r(cee0 )!# #e c('#r$c# (r e 4$ )$!

Te

#r$'"2er; #e Ar#. 1??1. I2 #e 5r(5er# !" "(l0 2(r '('5$4e'# (2 #$=e" 0e $'0 '(# 4$0e &'()' #( #e

*1>6+

Ar#. 1??>. I2 #e


101/151


102/151

Ar#. 1?6. I2 #e #!' "(l0 $0 $' !00e' 2$l# $# #e t4e (2 #e "$le; $'0 "(l0 #ere$er %e l("# % $ 2(r#!#(" e+

Ar#. 1?,. I2 #)( (r 4(re $'!4$l" $re "(l0 #(e#er; )e#er 2(r $ l45 "4 (r 2(r $ "e5$r$#e 5r!ce 2(r e$c (2 #e4; #e re0!%!#(r

0e2ec# (2 ('e "$ll ('l !

(#er #!'". *1>,+

Ar#. 1?>. Tere !" '( )$rr$'# $$!'"# !00e' 0e2ec#" (2 $'!4$l" "(l0 $# 2$!r" (r $# 5%l!c $ct('"; (r (2 l!

0el!$+

Ar#. 1?. I2 #e "$le %e re"c!'0e0; #e $'!4$l "$ll %e re#r'e0 !' #e c('0!t(' !' )!c !# )$" "(l0 $'0 0el!+

Ar#. 1?81. Te 2(r4 (2 "$le (2 l$re c$:le "$ll %e (

'le"" $'0 'tl e $" $0 $ re$"('$%le (55(r#'!# (2 e=$4!'!' #e4 2(r #e 5r5("e (2 $"cer#$!'!' )e#er #e $re !'

c('2(r4!# )!# #e c('#r$c# !2 #ere !" '( "t5l$t(' #( #e c('#r$r.

U'le"" (#er)!"e $ree0; )e' #e "eller #e'0er" 0el!


103/151


104/151


105/151

I' $' (2 #e 2(re(!' c$"e"; $' 4('e; 2r!#"; (r (#er %e'e/# #( %e rece!; #e $55$re'#

#e L$'0 Re!"#r$t(' L$) )!# re"5ec# #( #!r0 5er"('". *1?1+

Ar#. 16. Te 8; 4$ c(45el #e

#e4 4$ e=erc!"e #!" r!# 2(r 4(re #$' !" re"5ect. E$c ('e (2 #e c(()'er" (2 $' '0!

*1+ Te e=5e'"e" (2 #e c('#r$c#; $'0 $' (#er le!t4$#e 5$4e'#" 4$0e % re$"(' (2 #e "$leG

*,+ Te 'ece""$r $'0 "e2l e=5e'"e" 4$0e (' #e #!' "(l0. *1?18+

Ar#. 161. I2 $# #e t4e (2 #e e=ect(' (2 #e "$le #ere "(l0 %e (' #e l$'0;

S(l0 #ere $

#e l$'0 !" "!#$#e0. *1?,+

SECTION ,. Le$l Re0e45t('

Ar#. 161. Le$l re0e45t(' !" #e r!# #( %e "%r($#e0; 5(' #e "$4e #er4" $'0 c('0!t('" "t5l$#e0 !' #e c('#r$c#; !' #e 5l$ce

(2 ('e )( $c!re" $ #!' % 5rc$"e (r 0$t(' !' 5$4e'#; (r % $' (#er #r$'"$ct(' )ere% ()'er"!5 !" #r$'"4!:e0 %

('er(" t#le. *1?,1$+

Ar#. 16,. A c(()'er (2 $ #!' 4$ e=erc!"e #e r!# (2 re0e45t(' !' c$"e #e "$re" (2 $ll #e (#er c(()'er" (r (2 $' (2 #e4;

$re "(l0 #( $ #!r0 5er"('. I2 #e 5r!ce (2 #e $l!e'$t(' !" r(""l e=ce""!


106/151

Ar#. 16,1. Te ()'er" (2 $0@(!'!' l$'0" "$ll $l"( $

#e %e'e/# (2 (#er e"#$#e".

I2 #)( (r 4(re $0@(!'!' ()'er" 0e"!re #( e=erc!"e #e r!# (2 re0e45t(' $# #e "$4e t4e; #e ()'er (2 #e $0@(!'!' l$'0 (2

"4$ller $re$ "$ll %e 5re2erre0G $'0 "(l0 %(# l$'0" $

I2 #e re"$le $" %ee' 5er2ec#e0; #e ()'er (2 #e $0@(!'!' l$'0 "$ll $

1>?. *'+

Ar#. 16,?. A' $""!'4e'# (2 $ cre0!#; r!# (r $ct(' "$ll 5r(0ce '( e-ec# $" $$!'"# #!r0 5er"('; 'le"" !# $55e$r" !' $ 5%l!c

!'"#r4e'#; (r #e !'"#r4e'# !" rec(r0e0 !' #e Re!"#r (2 Pr(5er# !' c$"e #e $""!'4e'# !'

Ar#. 16,. I' c$"e #e $""!'(r !' ((0 2$!# "(l0 $

Ar#. 163,. S(l0 #e

*1+ T( $ c(e!r (r c(()'er (2 #e r!# $""!'e0G

*,+ T( $ cre0!#(r !' 5$4e'# (2 !" cre0!#G

*3+ T( #e 5(""e""(r (2 $ #e'e4e'# (r 5!ece (2 l$'0 )!c !" "%@ec# #( #e r!# !' l!t$t(' $""!'e0. *1?36+

CHAPTER

ENERAL PROVISIONS

Ar#. 1636. I' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle" !' #!" T!#le (


107/151

*1+"%ocument of $tle to goods"!'cl0e" $' %!ll (2 l$0!'; 0(c& )$rr$'#; Qe0$';Q (r )$re("e rece!5# (r (r0er 2(r #e

0el!

re$r0 #( !44(#e 5er"(' )( $

0$4$e"; (r e 4$ ('l 0e4$'0 $' !'0e4'!# 2(r 0$4$e". H()e1$+

T!#le VIII. LEASE

CHAPTER 1ENERAL PROVISIONS

Ar#. 16>,. Te c('#r$c# (2 le$"e 4$ %e (2 #!'"; (r (2 )(r& $'0 "er,+

Ar#. 16>3. I' #e le$"e (2 #!'"; ('e (2 #e 5$rte" %!'0" !4"el2 #( !

)e' #e $re $cce""(r #( $' !'0"#r!$l e"#$%l!"4e'#. *1?>?$+

CHAPTER ,

LEASE OF RURAL AND URBAN LANDS

SECTION 1. e'er$l Pr(

Ar#. 16>6. Te 5er"('" 0!"$l!/e0 #( % re2erre0 #( !' Artcle" 1> $'0 1>1; $re $l"( 0!"$l!/e0 #( %ec(4e le""ee" (2 #e #!'"

4e't('e0 #ere!'. *'+

Ar#. 16>. I2 $ le$"e !" #( %e rec(r0e0 !' #e Re!"#r (2 Pr(5er#; #e 2(ll()!' 5er"('" c$''(# c('"t##e #e "$4e )!#(# 5r(5er

$#(r!# #e "%$'0 )!# re"5ec# #( #e )!2e" 5$r$5er'$l re$l e"#$#e; #e 2$#er (r $r0!$' $" #( #e 5r(5er# (2 #e 4!'(r (r

)$r0; $'0 #e 4$'$er )!#(# "5ec!$l 5()er. *1?>8$+

Ar#. 16>8. E


108/151


109/151

Ar#. 166. Te le""ee !" re"5('"!%le 2(r #e 0e#er!(r$t(' (r l("" (2 #e #!' le$"e0; 'le"" e 5r(

Ar#. 166. I2 #e le$"e )$" 4$0e 2(r $ 0e#er4!'$#e t4e; !# ce$"e" 5(' #e 0$ /=e0; )!#(# #e 'ee0 (2 $ 0e4$'0. *1?6?+

Ar#. 16. I2 $# #e e'0 (2 #e c('#r$c# #e le""ee "(l0 c('t'e e'@(!' #e #!' le$"e0 2(r /ee' 0$" )!# #e $c!e"ce'ce (2

#e le""(r; $'0 'le"" $ '(tce #( #e c('#r$r % e!#er 5$r# $" 5re

Ar#. 161. I2 #e le""ee c('t'e" e'@(!' #e #!' $er #e e=5!r$t(' (2 #e c('#r$c#; (

!er c(r# !" "$t"/e0 #$# #e le""ee" $55e$l !" 2r!

'c(44('; $'0 )!c #e c('#r$ct' 5$rte" c(l0 '(# $


110/151

Ar#. 1683. Te (#(!' le""ee "$ll $ll() #e !'c(4!' le""ee (r #e le""(r #e "e (2 #e 5re4!"e" $'0 (#er 4e$'" 'ece""$r 2(r

#e 5re5$r$#(r l$%(r 2(r #e 2(ll()!' e$rG $'0; rec!5r(c$ll; #e !'c(4!' le""ee (r #e le""(r !" '0er (%l!$t(' #( 5er4!# #e

(#(!' le""ee #( 0( )$#e

$er #e le""ee $" (cc5!e0 #e 5re4!"e" 2(r (

2((0 $'0 4e0!c$l $:e'0$'ce.

Ar#. 161. I2 #e ("e el5er !" '0er #e $e (2 e!#ee' e$r"; #e e$0 (2 #e 2$4!l "$ll !

$lre$0 e$r'e0 5l" #$# 2(r /ee' 0$" % )$ (2 !'0e4'!#. I2 #e ("e el5er le$

#e 2$4!l (r #e ("e el5er 4$ !

"#$#e4e'# (' #e '$#re $'0 0r$t(' (2 #e "er


111/151

Ar#. 1. Te rel$t('" %e#)ee' c$5!#$l $'0 l$%(r $re '(# 4erel c('#r$c#$l. Te $re "( !45re""e0 )!# 5%l!c !'#ere"# #$# l$%(r

c('#r$c#" 4"# !el0 #( #e c(44(' ((0. Tere2(re; "c c('#r$c#" $re "%@ec# #( #e "5ec!$l l$)" (' l$%(r '!('"; c(llect

Ar#. 1>. I' c(llect

)(r&4e'; 4ec$'!c" (r (#er e45l(ee"; e

Ar#. 113. B #e c('#r$c# 2(r $ 5!ece (2 )(r& #e c('#r$c#(r %!'0" !4"el2 #( e=ec#e $ 5!ece (2 )(r& 2(r #e e45l(er; !'

c('"!0er$t(' (2 $ cer#$!' 5r!ce (r c(45e'"$t('. Te c('#r$c#(r 4$ e!#er e45l( ('l !" l$%(r (r "&!ll; (r $l"( 2r'!" #e

4$#er!$l. *1?88$+

Ar#. 11>. I2 #e c('#r$c#(r $ree" #( 5r(0ce #e )(r& 2r(4 4$#er!$l 2r'!"e0 % !4; e "$ll 0el!

0e"#r( (r le""e' !#" 2r$0le'#l. *'+

Ar#. 11. I2 #e c('#r$c#(r %('0 !4"el2 #( 2r'!" #e 4$#er!$l; e "$ll "-er #e l("" !2 #e )(r& "(l0 %e 0e"#r(e0 %e2(re !#"

0el!

*,+ Te e45l(er e=5re""l re"er

c('#r$c#(r !" e't#le0 #( $ re$"('$%le c(45e'"$t('.


112/151


113/151


114/151

Ar#. 1?>. Te 5r(

"$ll %e $55l!c$%le.

SUBSECTION 3. S$2e# (2 P$""e'er"

Ar#. 1??. A c(44(' c$rr!er !" %('0 #( c$rr #e 5$""e'er" "$2el $" 2$r $" 4$' c$re $'0 2(re"!# c$' 5r(

0!l!e'ce (2

c(44(' c$rr!er".

T!" l!$%!l!# (2 #e c(44(' c$rr!er" 0(e" '(# ce$"e 5(' 5r((2 #$# #e e=erc!"e0 $ll #e 0!l!e'ce (2 $ ((0 2$#er (2 $ 2$4!l !' #e

"elect(' $'0 "5er

Ar#. 16. Te c(44(' c$rr!er" re"5('"!%!l!# 5re"cr!%e0 !' #e 5rece0!' $rtcle c$''(# %e el!4!'$#e0 (r l!4!#e0 % "t5l$t('; %

#e 5("t' (2 '(tce"; % "#$#e4e'#" (' #e tc&e#" (r (#er)!"e.

Ar#. 161. Te 5$""e'er 4"# (%"er

T!#le I. PARTNERSHIP

CHAPTER 1

ENERAL PROVISIONS

Ar#. 16. B #e c('#r$c# (2 5$r#'er"!5 #)( (r 4(re 5er"('" %!'0 #e4"el

@(!'# (r c(44(' r!# (r !'#ere"# !' $' 5r(5er# 2r(4 )!c #e re#r'" $re 0er!+ Te rece!5# % $ 5er"(' (2 $ "$re (2 #e 5r(/#" (2 $ %"!'e"" !" 5r!4$ 2$c!e e

%# '( "c !'2ere'ce "$ll %e 0r$)' !2 "c 5r(/#" )ere rece!


115/151


116/151


117/151


118/151

*,+ W!# 5$r#'er"!5 5r(5er#; % $' ('e (r 4(re (2 #e 5$r#'er" )!# #e c('"e'# (2 $ll #e 5$r#'er" )("e !'#ere"#" $re

'(# "( c$re0 (r "(l0.

N(#!' !' #!" T!#le "$ll %e el0 #( 0e5r!re"#r!ct('. *'+

Ar#. 181. Were t#le #( re$l 5r(5er# !" !' #e 5$r#'er"!5 '$4e; $' 5$r#'er 4$ c('

5r(5er# !2 #e 5$r#'er" $c# 0(e" '(# %!'0 #e 5$r#'er"!5 '0er #e 5r(

Were #e t#le #( re$l 5r(5er# !" !' #e '$4e (2 $ll #e 5$r#'er" $ c('

c$"e (2 2r$0 (' #e 5$r#'er"!5; c(44!:e0 % (r )!# #e c('"e'# (2 #$# 5$r#'er. *'+


119/151

Ar#. 18,,. Were; % $' )r('2l $c# (r (4!""!(' (2 $' 5$r#'er $ct' !' #e (r0!'$r c(r"e (2 #e %"!'e"" (2 #e 5$r#'er"!5 (r

)!# #e $#(r!# (2 c(5$r#'er"; l("" (r !'@r !" c$"e0 #( $' 5er"('; '(# %e!' $ 5$r#'er !' #e 5$r#'er"!5; (r $' 5e'$l# !"

!'crre0; #e 5$r#'er"!5 !" l!$%le #ere2(r #( #e "$4e e=#e'# $" #e 5$r#'er "( $ct' (r (4!' #( $c#. *'+

Ar#. 18,3. Te 5$r#'er"!5 !" %('0 #( 4$&e ((0 #e l(""

*1+ Were ('e 5$r#'er $ct' )!#!' #e "c(5e (2 !" $55$re'# $#(r!# rece!

We' $ 5er"(' $" %ee' #" re5re"e'#e0 #( %e $ 5$r#'er !' $' e=!"t' 5$r#'er"!5; (r )!# ('e (r 4(re 5er"('" '(# $c#$

5$r#'er"; e !" $' $e'# (2 #e 5er"('" c('"e't' #( "c re5re"e'#$t(' #( %!'0 #e4 #( #e "$4e e=#e'# $'0 !' #e "$4e 4$''er

$" #( e )ere $ 5$r#'er !' 2$c#; )!# re"5ec# #( 5er"('" )( rel 5(' #e re5re"e'#$t('. We' $ll #e 4e4%er" (2 #e e=!"t'

5$r#'er"!5 c('"e'# #( #e re5re"e'#$t('; $ 5$r#'er"!5 $c# (r (%l!$t(' re"l#"G %# !' $ll (#er c$"e" !# !" #e @(!'# $c# (r (%l!$t('

(2 #e 5er"(' $ct' $'0 #e 5er"('" c('"e't' #( #e re5re"e'#$t('. *'+

Ar#. 18,6. A 5er"(' $04!:e0 $" $ 5$r#'er !'#( $' e=!"t' 5$r#'er"!5 !" l!$%le 2(r $ll #e (%l!$t('" (2 #e 5$r#'er"!5 $r!"!' %e2(re

!" $04!""!(' $" #( e $0 %ee' $ 5$r#'er )e' "c (%l!$t('" )ere !'crre0; e=ce5# #$# #!" l!$%!l!# "$ll %e "$t"/e0 ('l

(# (2 5$r#'er"!5 5r(5er#; 'le"" #ere !" $ "t5l$t(' #( #e c('#r$r. *'+

Ar#. 18,. Te cre0!#(r" (2 #e 5$r#'er"!5 "$ll %e 5re2erre0 #( #("e (2 e$c 5$r#'er $" re$r0" #e 5$r#'er"!5 5r(5er#. W!#(#

5re@0!ce #( #!" r!#; #e 5r!

*c+ B #e e=5re"" )!ll (2 $ll #e 5$r#'er" )( $

*>+ We' $ "5ec!/c #!' )!c $ 5$r#'er $0 5r(4!"e0 #( c('#r!%#e #( #e 5$r#'er"!5; 5er!"e" %e2(re #e 0el!

#r$'"2erre0 #( #e 5$r#'er"!5 #e "e (r e'@(4e'# (2 #e "$4eG %# #e 5$r#'er"!5 "$ll '(# %e 0!""(l

Ar#. 1831. O' $55l!c$t(' % (r 2(r $ 5$r#'er #e c(r# "$ll 0ecree $ 0!""(lt(' )e'e


120/151


121/151

Ar#. 183. We' 0!""(lt(' !" c$"e0 !' $' )$; e=ce5# !' c('#r$

*3+ A 5$r#'er )( $" c$"e0 #e 0!""(lt(' )r('2ll "$ll $

5$r#'er" $'0 $ll cl$!4!' #r( #e4 !' re"5ec# (2 #e!r !'#ere"#" !' #e 5$r#'er"!5; #( $; #( #e e=#e'# (2

#e $4('# )!c e $" 5$!0 !' e=ce"" (2 !" "$re (2 #e l!$%!l!#.

*+ Te !'0!

r!#" (2 l!e' (r "ecre0 cre0!#(r".


122/151


123/151

*c+ Te l(c$t(' (2 #e 5r!'c!5$l 5l$ce (2 %"!'e""G

*0+ Te '$4e $'0 5l$ce (2 re"!0e'ce (2 e$c 4e4%er; e'er$l $'0 l!4!#e0 5$r#'er" %e!' re"5ect

Ar#. 18>?. Te c('#r!%t('" (2 $ l!4!#e0 5$r#'er 4$ %e c$" (r 5r(5er#; %# '(# "er

*1+ I# !" $l"( #e "r'$4e (2 $ e'er$l 5$r#'er; (r

*,+ Pr!(r #( #e t4e )e' #e l!4!#e0 5$r#'er %ec$4e "c; #e %"!'e"" $" %ee' c$rr!e0 (' '0er $ '$4e !' )!c !"

"r'$4e $55e$re0.

A l!4!#e0 5$r#'er )("e "r'$4e $55e$r" !' $ 5$r#'er"!5 '$4e c('#r$r #( #e 5r(

Ar#. 18>. I2 #e cert/c$#e c('#$!'" $ 2$l"e "#$#e4e'#; ('e )( "-er" l("" % rel!$'ce (' "c "#$#e4e'# 4$ (l0 l!$%le $' 5$r#

#( #e cert/c$#e )( &'e) #e "#$#e4e'# #( %e 2$l"e

*1+ A# #e t4e e "!'e0 #e cert/c$#e; (r

*,+ S%"ee'#l; %# )!#!' $ "7c!e'# t4e %e2(re #e "#$#e4e'# )$" rel!e0 5(' #( e'$%le !4 #( c$'cel (r $4e'0 #e

cert/c$#e; (r #( /le $ 5ett(' 2(r !#" c$'cell$t(' (r $4e'04e'# $" 5r(

$ l!4!#e0 5$r#'er; e #$&e" 5$r# !' #e c('#r(l (2 #e %"!'e"".Ar#. 18>. Aer #e 2(r4$t(' (2 $ l!e0 5$r#'er"!5; $00!t('$l l!4!#e0 5$r#'er" 4$ %e $04!:e0 5(' /l!' $' $4e'04e'# #( #e

(r!!'$l cert/c$#e !' $cc(r0$'ce )!# #e re!re4e'#" (2 Artcle 186?.

Ar#. 18?. A e'er$l 5$r#'er "$ll $

$-$!r" )e'e

% $ 5er"(' (r 5$r#'er"!5 err('e("l %el!e

!" e=erc!"e (2 #e r!#" (2 $ l!4!#e0 5$r#'er; $ e'er$l 5$r#'er )!# #e 5er"(' (r !' #e 5$r#'er"!5 c$rr!' (' #e %"!'e""; (r


124/151


125/151


126/151

*,+ Be "!'e0 $'0 ")(r' #( % $ll 4e4%er"; $'0 $' $4e'04e'# "%"t#t' $ l!4!

civil code in one document

Documents