civil engineering presentation - reza s. · pdf file(gaviones lemac (2003) 39 . retaining...

Geotechnical Engineering

CE 3348

Lecture 1: Introduction

Instructor: Reza Ashtiani, Ph.D.

Spring 2018

UGLC 342

Lecture Sessions : MW 12:30-1:20 pm

Laboratory Sessions: MWF 1:30-4:30 pm

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Income by Experience

Civil and Mechanical Engineering (2012)

9

Income by Degree Earned and Length of Experience

Civil and Mechanical Engineering (2012)

10

Course Structure

Textbook: An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 2nd Edition by

Holtz, Kovacs and Sheahan, Publisher: Prentice Hall, 2011.

Class Website: www.RezaSalehi.com/CE-3348-Geotech

Site Password: students

Grading:

1. Final Comprehensive Exam (300 points)

2. Two Mid-Term Exams (300 points)

3. Laboratory Reports (200 points)

4. Homework Assignments (200 Points)

5. Critical Assessment (attendance and involvement in class

discussions) (50 points)

__________________________________________

Total: 1050 Points

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http://www.rezasalehi.com/CE-3348-Geotech





CE

33

48

-Geo

tech

nic

al

Eng

inee

rin

g

Ph

ysic

al P

rop

erti

es

o

f So

ils

Weight-Volume Relations

Phase Diagrams

Soil Texture Atterberg Limits

Soil Plasticity

Shrink-Swell Potential Aggregate Geometry

Soil Classification USCS Method

AASHTO Method

Soil Compaction M

ech

an

ica

l An

aly

sis

of

Soils

Effective Stress

Pore Water Pressure

Geostatic Stresses Effective Stress

Calculations

Flow of Water in Soils

1D-Flow Theory Darcy’s Law

Soil Permeability

Constant Head Permeability Test

Falling Head Permeability test

2D-Flow Theory Flow Nets

External Stresses Boussinesq Theory Newmark Method

Westergaard Theory

Shear Strength of Soils

Mohr-Coulomb Theory

Direct Shear Test

Triaxial Tests

Consolidated Drained (CD)

Consolidated Undrained (CU)

Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)

Mohr Circle

Settlement Analysis

Immediate Settlement

Primary Consolidation

Secondary Compression

Time Rate of Settlement

Course Outline

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Item Description Quantity

Lecture Topics 9

Lecture Segments 16

PowerPoint Slides 651

Solved Examples in the Class 34

Laboratory Tests 7

Laboratory Reports 7

Homework Assignments 6

Homework Problems 45

Exams 3

CE3348 Score Card Previous Semester (Spring 2017)

Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering, whereas engineering geology is a

branch of geology. These two disciplines are closely related, and the discipline combining the

two is sometimes called geotechnics. Note: This illustration is not a complete listing of the branches of either discipline.

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Distinction between Geotechnical Engineering and Geology

Provide students with physical, mechanical,

and mathematical tools and concepts for the

understanding of engineering behavior of

soils and introduction to engineering design

of geotechnical systems.

Course Objective

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Significance of the CE3348 Course

All the civil engineering structures, whether

built on earth or any other continuum, is

greatly influenced by the foundation.

The performance and safety of civil

engineering structures are primarily dependent

on proper characterization of soil-structure

interaction.

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According to a geologist, Soil is the material in

the relative thin surface zone within which roots

occur, and all the rest of the crust is grouped

under the term ROCK irrespective of its hardness.

According to a civil engineer, Soil is the un-

aggregated or un-cemented deposits of mineral

and/or organic particles or fragments covering

large portion of the earth's crust.

Definitions of Soils

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Soil mechanics is a discipline that applies the principles of engineering mechanics to soils to predict the mechanical behavior of granular materials.

Geotechnical Engineering is the branch of civil engineering that deals with soil, rock, and underground water, and their relation to the design, construction and operation of engineering projects.

Definitions, cont.

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Geological Characteristics of Soil

Physical Soil Parameters

Seepage though Soils

Stress and Strain in Soils

Effective Stresses

Deformation in Soils

Shear Stress in Soils

Components of Soil Mechanics

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Buildings—the Sears Tower in Chicago is one of the tallest buildings in the world (1450 ft.,110 story). It

needs massive foundations to transmit the structural loads into the ground. The design of these foundations

depends on the nature of the underlying soils. Geotechnical engineers are responsible for assessing these soil

conditions and developing suitable foundation designs.

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Examples of Geostructures

Bridges—the foundation for the south pier of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco had to be built in the

open sea. It extends down to bedrock, some 30 m (100 ft) below the water level and 12 m (40 ft) below the

channel bottom. This was especially difficult to build because of the tremendous tidal currents at this site.

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Dams—Oroville Dam in California is one of the largest earth dams in the world. It is made of

61,000,000 m3 (80,000,000 yd3) of compacted soil. The design and construction of such dams

require extensive geotechnical engineering expertise.

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Tunnels—the Ted Williams Tunnel is part of the Central Artery Project in Boston. This

prefabricated tunnel section was floated to the job site, and then sunk into a prepared trench in the

bottom of the bay. Its integrity depends on proper support from the underlying soils.

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The leaning tower of Pisa. (Adapted from Terzaghi 1934a.)

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Failure of Geostructures

Slope failure

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This house was built near the top of a slope and had a beautiful view of the Pacific

Ocean. Unfortunately, a landslide occurred during a wet winter, undermining the house

and causing part of its floor to fall away.

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27


Teton Dam in Idaho failed in 1976, only a few months after the embankment had been completed

and the reservoir began to be filled. This failure killed 14 people and caused about $400 million

of property damage. (Picture Courtesy of the Bureau of Reclamation)

28


The 1964 Niigata Earthquake in Japan caused extensive liquefaction in this port city. These

apartment buildings rotated when the underlying soils liquefied. (Courtesy of Earthquake

Engineering Research Center Library, Berkeley, California.)

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The approach fill to this highway bridge has settled because the underlying soils are soft clays

and silts. However, the bridge has not settled because it is supported on piles. Although this

“failure” is not as dramatic as the others, it is a source of additional maintenance costs, and can

be a safety hazard to motorists and pedestrians.

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Design is the process whereby a problem is

solved for a certain conditions and constrains,

and meeting specified performance criteria.

This definition applies to any civil and

geological engineering system.

Geotechnical Design

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Bearing capacity of soils: design of shallow and

deep foundations

Lateral Earth Pressure: design of retaining

structures

Slope stability problems

Design of earth dams

Ground improvement

Pavement and runway foundations

Geosynthetic design

Geo-environmental engineering

Basic Geotechnical Engineering

Design and Analysis Projects

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Foundation Systems

Designing of Shallow

Foundation Systems –

Differential settlements

“Canada's Leaning Tower or

the "Kissing Silos”

(from Sharma 2003)

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Foundation Systems

Deep Foundation Systems: Driven Piles

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Foundation Systems

Deep Foundation Systems: Drilled Shafts

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Earth Pressure

and Retaining Walls

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(The Reinforced Wall Company 2003)

Earth Pressure and Retaining Walls

37

Retaining Structures and Sheet Piles

(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)

38

Retaining Structures

(Gaviones LEMAC (2003)

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Retaining Structure Systems


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Retaining Structure Systems

Excavation Support Systems


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Geosynthetics

Geosynthetic stabilized walls

(Environmental Science & Engineering 2007) (kshitija.wordpress.com 2007)

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Ground Improvement Stone Columns

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Ground Improvement Jet Grouting

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Ground Improvement Injection Grouting

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Ground Improvement Chemical Injection

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Geo-Environmental Engineering

(from Willmer 2001)

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill

(from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute 2001)

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National Archives: 114 SC 5089

A nation that destroys its soils, destroys itself. – President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Feb. 26, 1937.

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civil engineering presentation - reza s. · pdf file(gaviones lemac (2003) 39 . retaining...

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