FORECLOSUREMortgage Crisis| 4

FACULTY Q & ADoctors As Patients| 7

THE BIG READTo Kill a Mockingbird| 3

NEWS AND IDEAS FOR THE COLUMBIA COMMUNITYVOL. 33, NO. 05 NOVEMBER 19, 2007

www.columbia.edu/news

The story line sounded familiar: Not long after war breaks out, the presi-dent alters a long-standing criminal statute and proclaims that special

military courts will oversee the cases of cap-tured enemy soldiers.

The U.S. Supreme Court rules the plan unconstitutional. One justice notes that “the Constitution provides laws for rulers and peo-ple equally in cases of war and peace.”

Speaking at Columbia Law School Nov. 12, former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor cited that Civil War-era case—which landed on the high court’s docket dur-ing the administration of President Abraham Lincoln—to make a larger point.

“Both supporters and opponents of the war on terror can learn something from history,” she said.

In a speech to about 300 people, the fi rst woman to serve as a Supreme Court Justice drew upon examples from confl icts across U.S. history and recent cases around the globe to illustrate the challenges illustrated in her lecture, “Balancing Security, Democracy and Human Rights in an Age of Terrorism.”

It is a topic with which she has fi rsthand experience. In 2004, O’Connor wrote the majority opinion in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, which examined whether a U.S. citizen can be held indefi nitely as an enemy combatant. Her opinion ruled that the detainee must be able

to examine the factual basis of his detention and given the opportunity to rebut the allega-tions before a neutral decision maker.

However, “there remains the possibility that the standards we have articulated could be met by an appropriately authorized and prop-erly constituted military tribunal,” she wrote.

That decision was just one example, ar-gued Columbia Law School Professor Tom Merrill in his introductory remarks, of the moderation that made O’Connor “one of the most important judges in American history.” Throughout her 25-year tenure, O’Connor “occupied a position of pragmatism in the cen-ter on a remarkable range of issues,” he said. She retired from the Court in 2006.

Still, O’Connor stopped short of offering specifi c solutions to the thorny legal issues raised by the current war on terror, which are far from being resolved, she said.

“They are very diffi cult issues in part because they go to the very core of what we mean when we use terms like ‘citizen,’ ‘nation,’ ‘liberty,’” she noted.

Indeed, the Hamdi case left many ques-tions unanswered, she said, such as what pro-cedures can be used to try enemy combatants. Cases across the globe continue to refl ect the confl ict.

In Germany, the highest criminal court or-dered a suspected terrorist released, while the parliament passed laws to expand the powers

continued on page 8

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By Adam Piore

Celebrating Hispanic CinemaBy Melanie A. Farmer

Businesses Do Well by Doing GoodBy Carolyn Whelan

Profi ts need not confl ict with a positive social or environ-mental impact. That equa-

tion, which is gaining in popu-larity and attention, was evident last month at Columbia Business School’s fi fth annual Social Enter-prise Conference, where speakers and attendees exchanged lively ideas about how business and society can better tackle such pressing social problems as en-ergy and climate change. That the topic was a timely one also could be seen in the conference’s attendance; with 590, it was dou-ble last year’s total.

“The economics of alternative energy are opening up awesome opportunities for business,” said Ray Horton, a business school pro-fessor who founded the school’s nonprofi t program in 1983. “So-cially responsible initiatives are now profi table.”

Several themes resounded in the day’s dozen or so panels, includ-ing the notion that philanthropies must discard their legacy of depen-dency and embrace entrepreneur-ism. Melissa Berman, president of Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors and a business school professor, spoke on the importance of le-veraging market forces using non-profi ts as a catalyst. Fellow pan-elist Steve Beck, CEO of Geneva Global, said there was a need for a mind-set change to meet the goals of sustainable development.

The market is responding through self-regulation and cre-ative products like biodegradable plates, said panelists during the Cradle-to-Cradle session. Alex von Bidder, managing partner of the Four Seasons restaurant, said his crusade includes buying fi sh not on endangered or toxic lists directly from suppliers who did not deplete stocks.

Multinationals are now a force for the greater good, added Uni-lever President Patrick Cescau,

continued on page 8

T he lives and experiences of Latin American New Yorkers come into sharper

focus in a series of feature fi lms and documentaries that Colum-bia will showcase in the coming week. From Leon Ichaso’s El Cantante, about legendary salsa singer Héctor Lavoe, to director Henry Chalfant’s documentary From Mambo to Hip Hop: A South Bronx Tale, which chronicles the borough’s critical role in popular culture, all the fi lms celebrate the vastly different, thriving Latin communities of New York City.

Presented by Columbia and the nonprofi t organization Instituto Cervantes, which promotes the teaching, study and use of Spanish as a second language, the 2nd Annual Hispanic Film Festival runs Nov. 27 to Dec. 1. Each screening—held on campus in Davis Auditorium and at Instituto’s midtown location—will be followed by a question-and-answer period with the directors of the fi lms.

The festival, which will include seven fi lms, is curated by Claudio Remeseira, director of the Hispanic New York Project of Columbia’s American Studies Program, in collaboration with Marcela Goglio of the Film Society of Lincoln Center.

“We’re trying to expand the connection between Columbia and the larger Latin American community outside of campus,” said Remeseira.

The other featured fi lms are The Krutch, Two Dollar Dance,

continued on page 5

CIVIL RIGHTS IN AN AGE OF TERRORISM

Sandra Day O’Connor

Marc Anthony in the fi lm El Can-tante, directed by Leon Ichaso

“Socially responsible initiatives are now profi table.”

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Dear Alma:Columbia has the second-highest

enrollment of international students in the country. Who is fi rst? Has it always attracted students from abroad?

—Worldly Wise

Dear Worldly Wise: Columbia had 5,937 international stu-

dents in the 2006-2007 academic year, according to the Open Doors census of international students in the U.S., which is compiled each year by the Institute of International Education. The University of Southern California was fi rst, with 7,115 students, and Columbia is just ahead of New York University, which had 5,827.

In its own report for the 2006-2007 ac-ademic year, the University’s Internation-al Students and Scholars Organization, Columbia’s liaison with its international community, said the top fi ve countries of origin for students here were China, South Korea, India, Canada and Taiwan. Three quarters of the international en-rollment was at the graduate and pro-fessional level, with the School of the Arts playing host to 1,362 students. The Fu Foundation School of Engineer-ing and Applied Science came in second, with 610 students, followed by Columbia Business School, with 524.

Columbia, however, counts more than students when it tracks international presence on campus each year. When scholars, interns, researchers and their family members are included, Colum-bia’s international population for the last academic year swelled to 9,813, coming from 143 different countries, said the

ISSO report. “The diversity of experi-ences and viewpoints that students from across the globe bring to our campus enhances the educational mission of the university community both in and outside the classroom,” said Lee C. Bollinger, the University’s president.

Columbia has long attracted students from abroad. (After all, Alexander Hamilton was born on the is-land of Nevis in the West Indies.)

In the 1948-1949 academic year, the ear-liest for which the IIE has fi gures, Colum-bia had the most international students, with 1,040; the University of California came in second, with 971, and the Uni-versity of Michigan third, with 818.

—By Bridget O’Brian

Send your questions for Alma’s Owl to curecord@columbia.edu.

In a city where most roofs are barren, tar-topped eyesores, two Columbia University-owned buildings will feature vegetation on their rooftops that pleases the eye and provides a step forward fulfi lling the University’s commitment to lower its carbon emissions. In early November, the Facilities Department and the Earth Institute’s Center for Climate Systems Research installed “green roofs” at 423 W. 118th St. (above) and 635 W. 115th St., where the Offi ce of Environmental Stewardship is located. Research has shown that green roofs reduce the “heat island” effect created by heat-absorbing asphalt and concrete, lowering energy consumption. CCSR will monitor the health and growth of the vegetation and document the green roof’s effect on temperature and rainwater runoffs. (See related article on biodiesel, page 6.)

ON C AMPUS MILESTONES

IT’S COOL UP ON THE ROOF

Columbia Welcomes the World

ASK ALMA’S OWL

TheRecord welcomes your input for news items and staff profi les. You can submit

your suggestions to:

curecord@columbia.edu

NOVEMBER 19, 20072

Five faculty members have been elected fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). STEPHEN P. GOFF and JAMES E. ROTHMAN, of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and MARTIN CHALFIE, chair of the biological sciences department, were elected to the section on biological sciences. RUTH L. FISCHBACH, of the College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Mailman School of Public Health, was elected to the section on medical sciences. JOHN C. MUTTER, of the School of International and Public Affairs and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, was elected to the section on geology and geography. Founded in 1848, AAAS is the world’s largest general scientifi c society. New fellows are selected yearly by current members of the organization.

The Ecology of Infectious Diseases (EID) program has funded a group of scientists, including ALEXANDER VAN GEEN, of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, with $1.5 million over three years to study various problems that af-fect drinking water in Bangladesh. Van Geen will study dis-tribution of pathogens in shallow groundwater wells and the risks of relocating those wells. EID is a joint agency effort, comprising the National Science Foundation’s Directorates for Biological Sciences and Geosciences, the National Institutes of Health’s Fogarty Internation-al Center and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

SUZANNE MURPHY has been named vice president for development and external affairs at Teachers College. Murphy is a Teachers College alumna and is a current doctoral candidate at the College. She has led major capital campaigns at Sarah Lawrence College and Mary-mount Manhattan College. Murphy will begin her position Feb. 1, 2008.

The Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation created a scholarship fund in honor of LOES SCHILLER, the school’s longtime associate dean of admissions and student affairs, who retired this summer. The Loes Schiller Scholarship Fund will provide fi nancial aid to students from all over the world to attend GSAPP. Harold Bell, professor emeritus at the school, will match every dollar raised up to $50,000.

TheRecord

USPS 090-710 ISSN 0747-4504Vol. 33, No. 05, Nov. 19, 2007

Published by the Offi ce of Communications and

Public Affairs

TheRecord Staff:

Editor: Bridget O’BrianGraphic Designer: Nicoletta Barolini

Senior Writer: Melanie A. FarmerUniversity Photographer: Eileen Barroso

Contact The Record:t: 212-854-2391f: 212-678-4817

e: curecord@columbia.edu

The Record is published twice a month dur-ing the academic year, except for holiday and vacation periods. Permission is given to use Record material in other media.

David M. StoneExecutive Vice President

for Communications

Correspondence/SubscriptionsAnyone may subscribe to The Record for $27 per year. The amount is payable in advance to Columbia University, at the address below. Allow 6 to 8 weeks for address changes.

Postmaster/Address ChangesPeriodicals postage paid at New York, NY and additional mailing offi ces. Postmaster: Send address changes to The Record, 535 W. 116th St., 402 Low Library, Mail Code 4321, New York, NY 10027.

TheRecord welcomes your input for news items and staff profi les. You can submit

your suggestions to:

curecord@columbia.edu

The Mailman School of Public Health

WHO GAVE IT: Ronald H. Lauterstein

HOW MUCH: $20.7 million

WHO GOT IT: Mailman School of Public Health

L auterstein, MS’58, (pictured above) died last year, leaving the school one of its largest donations. Together with his previous gifts to the school, his

contribution to Mailman totals $24.6 million. “This gift underscore’s Ron’s commitment to the

school’s continued growth as a world-renowned public health institution,” said Dean Allen Rosenfi eld. “We are humbled and delighted by his generosity.”

Lauterstein was the cofounder and former president of CoMCARE, a provider of nursing and home care services in Canada. During his lifetime, he also established the Lauterstein Scholars Program, to support development of aging policy and research; and he established a student scholarship named for Doris Nickerson, his companion of many years. With part of the bequest, University trustees established the Lauterstein Professorship in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences. David Rosner, who specializes in occupational and environmental health history and in the history of public health, was appointed to the new professorship.

GRANTS & G IF TS

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COVERING POWERJ-school Panel Examines Role of Washington Press CorpsBy Robert Calem

TheRecord NOVEMBER 19, 2007 3

T op journalists covering the nation’s capital have access to some of the most powerful people in the world. So, what do they do with that access? And what

price do they pay for insider-only information? These were some of the issues addressed in

“Covering Power,” a panel discussion held Oct. 23 at the Journalism School.

Moderated by J-school Dean Nicholas Lemann, the panel included J-school alums Elisabeth Bumiller JRN’79, a Washington, D.C.-based reporter for the New York Times and the author of a forthcoming biography of Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice; Suzanne Malveaux JRN’91, White House correspondent for CNN; and Mark Silva JRN’76, White House correspondent for the Chicago Tribune.

To a question from Lemann about what journalists give up for access to powerful sources, Bumiller responded that the cost to journalists is nothing “other than being polite and saying thank you.”

Journalists must be able to talk to the people they cover, “even if you fi nd them repellent,” she declared. “You go in with your feet, you talk to them, you fi nd out what they think, what is going on. You can’t just sit in a room

reacting, you have to be a reporter.” A question from the audience sought advice

for getting powerful people to answer questions they otherwise wouldn’t. “Going in a roundabout way is usually very effective—more effective than beating them over the head with it, trying to get in the door,” said Bumiller. “Talk about a lot of other things, and just do it in a very circular way. People

are smart. They know what you’re doing. But after an hour, it sometimes works. Usually, direct, angry confrontation is useless. I never do it.”

Silva described his own method. “The fi rst thing you’ve got to do is get in the door, and you get in the door politely,” he said. “But you know, when you sit down with somebody and you agree to talk off the record, you can talk for half an hour

and then you can go back and say, ‘You know, this point you made here, can we take that “on”?’ Often people will be comfortable once they’ve heard their words.” Using that method, the Tribuneonce turned a background talk with Dan Bartlett, counselor to President George W. Bush, into an on-the-record story. Of course, Silva quipped, “I never got invited back in.”

When an interview is being conducted, Malveaux said, there is “this mutual respect, this mutual understanding of what’s taking place, and as long as you hold on to that, you have your integrity.” Nevertheless, she added, relationships are important for fi rst landing an interview. “Fox does get the interviews a lot more than CNN does” because it is perceived to be more sympathetic toward Republicans. As a result, “the relationships are different,” she said. Politicians can and do choose

whom they’ll talk with, and what about. “There is an understanding there that they’re going to talk to people who they believe are friendly to their agenda at the moment when they’re trying to push that particular agenda item.”

The last word at the event came from Silva. “We’ve put a lot of labels on it,” he said, “but we’re just basically practicing journalism.”

Though she’s not a policy analyst or a campaign manager, Professor Gita Johar could teach the 2008 presidential candidates a thing or two about reaching swing voters. Her new research, which examines why people with ambivalent attitudes are more open to infl uence, shows that getting

a glut of information to potential supporters can be very effective.“If a candidate can provide a lot of information, some of it is bound to stick,”

said Johar, the Meyer Feldberg Professor of Business in the marketing division at Columbia Business School. “Especially early in the campaign, when many voters are ambivalent and don’t have much knowledge about those running for offi ce, generating a volume of information is one way to defi ne people’s attitudes,” she added.

Quantity trumps quality in this instance because ambivalent individuals are likely to accept messages regardless of their source’s perceived reliability, shows Johar’s research, conducted with Martin Zemborain of Austral University in Argentina. Because ambivalent individuals have confl icting positive and negative views, they are seeking a way to resolve that discord and solidify their opinions. This makes them open to persuasion from a variety of sources, reputable and otherwise.

Johar and Zemborain found that people with strong opinions, by contrast, are more likely to evaluate the reliability of a message’s source before accepting it. Their attitudes can also be infl uenced, however, if they are unable to check for a message source’s validity and are unaware that they are being persuaded. “People know that they shouldn’t be infl uenced by outside sources, but in today’s world, there is so much clutter out there that we are sometimes infl uenced without realizing it,” says Johar.

In three separate studies, the researchers examined how ambivalent attitudes’ susceptibility to outside infl uence plays out in the real world, specifi cally in the political and marketing realms.

First, they asked subjects to evaluate presidential candidate Dennis Kucinich (chosen because he was a lesser-known politician) before and after being exposed to either a positive or negative message about him. The subjects were told the statements came from either a friend or the radio. As expected, subjects with ambivalent attitudes toward Kucinich were less discriminating about the source, allowing their friends’ messages to sway their opinions, while those with defi ned opinions accepted only the radio—ostensibly a more reliable source—as an authority on Kucinich.

These results are particularly compelling given the wide array and quality of information available today, Johar points out. Voters, for example, may form their opinions of candidates based on knowledge they obtain from newspapers, television, Web sites, blogs, friends and the candidates themselves.

The real-world implication for marketers is the same as for politicians: The more information you generate, the better. “During the launch or intro-duction of a new product,” notes Johar, it is important to provide consumers as much information as possible to enable them to resolve ambivalent feelings about the product.”

The key in both disciplines is to reach people while they are still forming their attitudes. Once solid opinions are established, what Johar calls “motivated processing” kicks in, and it becomes much harder to manipulate beliefs. “If someone decides they are supporting Hillary Clinton, for example, they might only monitor the publications or blogs that provide positive information about her and ig-nore other informa-tion,” she explains.Similarly, people with less ambivalent attitudes about a certain product may continue to seek information about it, but they will be less motivated to do so once their beliefs are fi rmly in place.

—Reprinted from Co-lumbia Ideas at Work (Fall 2007), Columbia Business School, www.gsb.columbia.edu/ideas.

For Ambivalent Voters: Consider the Source

“They’re going to talk to people who they believe are friendly to their agenda at

the moment when they’re trying to push that particular agenda item.”

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Plenty of factors fed into the home lending boom that preceded the subprime mortgage crisis: a lack of regulatory oversight, an insatiable appetite for high-interest securiti-

zed loan shares on Wall Street, consumer debt, pushy and unethical loan underwriters, to name just a few.

But for the fi ve legal experts who convened Oct. 30 at Columbia Law School for the panel “The Home Foreclosure Crisis: Why Americans Are in Danger of Losing Their Homes and What’s Being Done to Fix It,” listing the problems is the easy part. Solutions are harder to nail down.

“We’re only at the beginning of this crisis,” said Tam Ormiston, deputy attorney general of Iowa. “This is going to have an impact on the entire society. The question is: Are we going to have a serious recession?”

Moderator James Tierney, former attorney general of Maine and director of the National State Attorneys General Program at Columbia Law School, which sponsored the event, noted that the current crisis was the result of “very conscious decisions by public policy people and regulators.” They include changes in loan underwriting standards and the proliferation in the 1990s of nontraditional mortgage products with exotic terms, such as adjustable interest rates.

But it was Wall Street’s eagerness for the securitized loans and the immense profi ts they generated that drove the trend, the experts agreed.

Margaret Becker, of the Predatory Lending and Foreclosure Prevention Project, provided local perspective, noting that Staten Island is the epicenter of the crisis in New York State.

From 2005 to 2006, foreclosure rates on Staten Island jumped 47 percent, she said. And, as many of those adjustable terms begin resetting next year, the

current rate of foreclosure will turn into a deluge if solutions aren’t found.

“We’re looking at a 300 percent increase,” she said. “And what’s coming down the pike, we can’t even imagine.” Not even Manhattan will be spared, she noted.

Congress is currently considering bills to regulate the loan industry. The cost of a straight federal bailout would dwarf the cost of the savings and loan crisis, the experts said.

With crisis looming, regulators and politicians are eyeing a number of solutions. The most promising effort is in its early stages.

Ormiston says representatives of the state attorneys general have been meeting with the 10 largest loan servicing companies, which together oversee as much

as 65 percent of all subprime loans. These companies collect the interest and bring the loans closer to foreclosure if borrowers fail to pay. These lenders have agreed in principal to modify many loans before they go into foreclosure and to help borrowers fi nd ways to meet the new terms.

Negotiators are now attempting to expand that agreement to other loan servicing companies to extend coverage to 90-95 percent of the subprime market.

That solution will require these companies to build new structures that will take over functions they have no experience overseeing. They’ll likely receive some form of government assistance to bring more people on staff to do the modifi cations and train them.

“This is going to be done on a scale that’s never been contemplated,” Ormiston said.

TheRecord

Mortgage Crisis Hits HomeBy Adam Piore

AN EPIC EXHIBITRobert G. O’Meally, professor of English and Compara-

tive Literature at Columbia University, discusses the work of Romare Bearden with Diedra Harris-Kelley,

program associate of the Romare Bearden Foundation, at a gallery talk Nov. 29, from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. at DC Moore Gallery in Chelsea.

The gallery is exhibiting Romare Bearden: A Black Odyssey, featuring 20 collages created in 1977 based on episodes from Homer’s epic The Odyssey. “Bearden is not just illustrating, but reinterpreting Homer,” says O’Meally. “Bearden makes all the [Odyssey] characters black…heroes

and villains, gods and monsters.” O’Meally, who wrote the exhibit catalogue and is completing a full study of the artist’s use of literary subjects, may be one of the few people who can lecture with equal ease on Bearden and Homer. On the day he was asked to give the lecture, he happened to be teaching Literary Humanities, showing slides of Homeric works.

To attend the gallery talk, RSVP by Nov. 23 as seating is limited. The Bearden exhibit runs from Nov. 13 through Jan. 5. For more information, visit www.dcmooregallery.com.

—By Stacy Parker Aab

NOVEMBER 19, 20074

During the month of November, Upper Manhattanites will share the pleasure of reading—or rereading—Harper Lee’s literary classic To Kill a Mockingbird.

As part of the National Endowment for the Arts’ nationwide initiative to spur reading for pleasureto the center of American culture, Columbia University is sponsoring “The Big Read” with the New York Public Library, Barnard College and the New Heritage Theatre Group. Throughout the month, the University will host book readings, fi lm screenings, panel discussions, theatrical performances and contests for middle and high school students who submit the best essays or book covers. “By bringing together Columbia’s law professors, literary scholars and historians with neighborhood librarians, teachers and schools, we can add voices and per-spectives around this great work of American literature,” said Columbia President Lee C. Bollinger. It is, he added, “a work that opened so many eyes to issues of racism and injustice when it was published in 1960 and that still inspires new generations of young people.” Author Lee, now 81, just this month received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for the novel. For more in-formation, visit www.neighbors.columbia.edu.

—By Stacy Parker Aab

Read a Classic...NEA Initiative Engages Community

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La Bruja: A Witch from the Bronx, Soy Andina and Washington Heights For exact show times and locations, visit www.columbia.edu/cu/hnyff.

The Hispanic New York Project was established last year by Andrew Delbanco, director of the American

Studies Program, which also put on a Nov. 14 literary panel discussion at the Journalism School featuring Latin American writers discussing contemporary Spanish language literature. The project is also organizing other events that bring together University colleagues who deal with Latin history and research, and cultural and educational institutions such as El Museo del Barrio and the Hispanic Society of America.

TheRecord NOVEMBER 19, 2007 5

At the University Senate on Oct. 26, President Lee Bollinger invited discussion of the visit of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a month earlier.

Bollinger offered his own list of issues raised by the event: Was it right to invite Ahmadinejad? Did the event fulfi ll academic purposes? Was his own role appropriate or rude? As for the role of the institution, he said, “The pressure to cancel... was nearly overwhelming. I have been through many controversial speech issues. I have never seen the rising—I would call it hysteria—about what this would do.” If the press provides a suitable venue for controversial fi gures like Ahmadinejad to speak, Bollinger added, why shouldn’t one of the leading universities in the world?

On the rightness of the invitation, there was no dissent. One of several to praise the decision was Richard Bulliet (Ten., A&S/SS), the history professor who fi rst proposed the idea to invite Ahmadinejad last year and served as a liaison for Columbia with the Iranian mission in planning the event this year.

But he took exception to the tone of Bollinger’s introduction of Ahmadinejad, particularly after Bulliet had twice assured the Iranian ambassador the remarks “would be civil because we are Columbia University.” “If you are going to use this as a learning opportunity,” Bulliet said to Bollinger, “[and] ... continue to consider it appropriate to make challenging introductory remarks, I can only pray that you would decide not to belittle, humiliate, and rudely abuse guests of the University, because it brings embarrassment and shame upon the University.”

“From my point of view,” Bollinger responded, “raising questions on the international stage of denial of the Holocaust puts this into a very, very special category ... I wanted to express especially the feelings and passions involved in confronting what I regard as really terrible acts and propagation of ideas. That, to my mind, was not belittling ... and I distinguish that from a personal attack.”

Another admirer of the event, Samuel Silverstein (Ten., CUMC), said, “You [and] Columbia would have come out better had you responded to Ahmadinejad than had you confronted him initially. And in that instance, you would not have had the onus of introducing him, [or] of predetermining or prejudging—no matter how clear it was that the judgment was right on.”

Other criticisms involved communications: Why were so many (particularly alumni) un-aware that plans for introductory remarks by Bollinger had been made beforehand with the Iranian mission, or that the visit was part of the World Leaders Forum, or that it would launch a series of talks on Iran?

In other business, the Physical Development and Student Affairs committees reported. Student co-chairs Andrea Hauge (Bus.) and John Johnson (Law) addressed responses to recent bias incidents, including the noose at Teachers College and xenophobic graffi ti on bathroom walls.

The next plenary is Thursday, Nov. 15, at 1:15 p.m. Anyone with CUID is welcome. Most documents are online at www.columbia.edu/cu/senate.

The above was submitted by Tom Mathewson, manager of the University Senate. His column is editorially independent of The Record. For more information about the Senate, go to www.columbia.edu/cu/senate.

SENATE MULLS AHMADINEJAD VISITBy Tom Mathewson

Honoring 9/11 Victim by Helping Local KidsBy Candace Taylor

Film continued from page 1

Scene from the fi lm Soy Andina, directed by Mitch Teplitsky

Fans, carrying signs and decked out in Lions blue, packed Levien Gymnasium Nov. 9 for the men’s basketball season opener against historic rival

Fordham.But perhaps the most enthusiastic fans of all were a

group of 5- to 12-year-old local kids, also wearing powder-blue Columbia T-shirts, sitting in the bleachers with their parents. They’d just completed an hour-long multisport clinic with Columbia coaches and athletes as part of Tyler Ugolyn Sports Day, named in honor of a former Columbia basketball player who died in the World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001. The children, many of whom were attending their fi rst college sporting event, were cheering “Let’s go, Columbia” and exchanging high-fi ves with Columbia’s mascot, Roar-ee.

Tyler Ugolyn, a 2001 Columbia graduate who worked as a research associate at Fred Alger Management on the 93rd fl oor of the World Trade Center, had loved basketball since he started shooting hoops at age 5, said Victor Ugolyin, Tyler’s father. When his college basketball career ended after two seasons due to tendinitis in both knees, the 6'-4'' economics major didn’t give up the sport; rather, he hosted basketball clinics every Sunday morning for Harlem youth.

“This is how Tyler would want to be remembered,” Victor Ugolyn said. “Columbia, and basketball.”

Tyler Ugolyn’s maturity and enthusiasm are qualities that Men’s Basketball Head Coach Joe Jones seeks to foster in his players through events like Tyler Ugolyn Sports Day and the MVPs of Character basketball clinic the school and the Tyler Ugolyn Foundation host each spring. “The things he stood for are things that our program stands for,” Jones said. “He had great character, he was energetic, he loved people, he loved to play the game of basketball.”

To that end, Columbia athletes played basketball, softball, lacrosse, wrestling, golf and archery with some 122 local kids at Tyler Ugolyn Sports Day. Afterward, the kids and their parents watched the men’s basketball game, wearing blue T-shirts emblazoned with a catchphrase of Tyler’s: “I just love playing the game.”

Stefan Mack, 7, a Trinity School student from Sugar Hill, reported excitedly that he’d tried wrestling for the fi rst time at the clinic and learned to do a “two-legged takedown.”

His mother, Stephanie Mack, said the event was perfect for her high-energy, sports-loving son and his friends. In addition, she said, the coaches and players are a positive infl uence on kids. “It’s good for them to be exposed to the Columbia University environment,” she said.

Columbia students and coaches are “wonderful role models,” Victor Ugolyn said, adding that he hopes the clinic—and Tyler’s memory—will serve as an inspiration to kids. “We want these youngsters to know that they can achieve anything they want to achieve in life.”

Guard Patrick Foley shoots at the Columbia-Fordham season opener. Fordham won the game, 79-61.

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Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart’s research is as much a personal commitment as a professional one. Her American Indian Lakota roots are pivotal to her work

addressing historical trauma and unresolved grief among native or indigenous peoples in the United States, Canada and Latin America.

As an associate professor in the School of Social Work, she focuses on the emotional response to what she defi nes as the cumulative, massive psychological wounding suffered by indigenous peoples across generations. Her approach, which involves in-depth discussion and dialogue, was introduced in the early 1990s and quickly embraced by a Lakota elder who asked her to lead them in this healing work. “That was a heavy thing … and I took it very much to heart,” said Brave Heart. “My personal, professional and spiritual commitment is to help native people heal.”

Brave Heart developed her method by focusing on the trauma of unresolved grief caused by genocide and forced relocation, assimilation and mandatory attendance at government-managed boarding schools. The boarding schools for Indian students were particularly damaging, uprooting children from their families and their tribal communities. Although they were most common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some remain open, and many are improved.

Brave Heart’s intervention model encourages native people to identify and discuss their trauma or grief, so that “people will be validated for their trauma, and also know that they are not alone in it,” she said. “That, in turn, helps them to overcome it.”

In group settings, participants view audiovisual materials on such traumas as the Wounded Knee massacre, images of genocide or videos about boarding schools, and then discuss what they have seen. The discussions move into smaller groups, sometimes in pairs, where participants eventually talk about their individual trauma and begin a healing process. Such conversations reduce “the stigma of having problems like postraumatic stress disorder, depression, other kinds of psycho-social and emotional problems,” said Brave Heart. “I frame it in a historical context, and then people feel empowered to look at their own individual family life-span trauma as well.”

Brave Heart is Hunkpapa and Oglala Lakota. Her tribe is from both the Standing Rock and Pine Ridge reservations in South Dakota, where she still has family and participates in traditional ceremonies. Yellow Horse is a family name that has been passed down for generations by an ancestor, and she was given the ancestral name of Brave Heart in a ceremony many years ago.

Dealing with other people’s grief and trauma can be taxing, Brave Heart acknowledges, but the trauma “is something we share.” And while her research is a contemporary approach, she does not dismiss the importance of more traditional practices that she has used for her own grief, such as rituals like the “Wiping the Tears” ceremony.

This month, Brave Heart has a chapter in a new book, Trauma Transformed: An Empowerment Response, published by Columbia University Press, which looks at different approaches for sufferers who are dealing with physical, psychological, social, historical or ongoing trauma. Brave Heart looks at historical trauma in the native community, discussing the application of historical trauma theory and intervention approaches and how they work in one-on-one settings among native people.

Brave Heart, who joined Columbia this past January, is one of two American Indian professors on the faculty at the University. A 1976 graduate of the School of Social Work, Brave Heart often provides training to tribal communities, receiving grants from the Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In July, she received a New Investigator’s Poster Session Award from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) for her work on historical trauma and grief. She is currently submitting proposals to NIMH to expand and refi ne her intervention model.

“I want to make sure that the intervention doesn’t just make people feel good,” said Brave Heart. “What I want to see is that we really make a signifi cant change.”

TheRecord

RESEARCH

Researching History’s TraumaBy Melanie A. Farmer

FROM THE KITCHEN TO THE CARBURETORBy Clare Oh

More than 1,700 gallons of cooking oil are used annually by dining and catering services on Columbia’s Morningside campus. But starting this month, Columbia’s waste cooking oil,

from Faculty House to John Jay, will be picked up and delivered to refi neries to be converted into biodiesel.

To orchestrate pickups from 16 facilities across Morningside campus, the University has partnered with The Doe Fund, a New York nonprofi t that provides housing and employment opportunities to formerly homeless adults.

As part of Ready, Willing & Able (RWA), The Doe Fund’s signature transitional employment program, the RWA Resource Recovery initiative offers free, on-demand pickup of waste cooking oil in Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens. Participating food service establishments can rely on fully licensed and insured pickup services and guaranteed compliance with New York City waste cooking oil disposal regulations.

Currently, RWA Resource Recovery serves 300 pick-up locations throughout the city, of which Columbia University is the fi rst—and so far, the only—academic institution to sign up for the service.

“This partnership, which started as a student initiative, is truly a win-win for Columbia,” said Nilda Mesa, director of environmental stewardship at the University. “Not only are we doing more to become environmentally sustainable, we are working with a local organization that is helping our neighbors and the environment.”

All waste cooking oil collected by the program is recycled into ASTM standard biodiesel, which burns 70 percent cleaner than petroleum diesel, according to the RWA’s Sabian Cheong, program coordinator. The program is funded by HSBC Bank and other donors, including private individuals and government sources.

With less than a year under its belt, the RWA Resource Recovery program has already helped convert 142,600 gallons of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. In October alone, 40 new restaurants signed on to the program. This partnership is part of Columbia’s long-term commitment to reduce its total carbon footprint by 30 percent in 10 years, as part of Mayor Bloomberg’s PlaNYC strategy to make New York City more sustainable. Columbia is one of ten 2030 Challenge Partners participating in the Mayor’s plan.

Ready, Willing & Able trainee Randy Harrell operates a vacuum hose.

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TheRecord NOVEMBER 19, 2007 7

R obert Klitzman, a psychiatrist, knows clinical depression when he sees it, having treated numerous cases over the years. Yet several years ago, he had trouble diagnosing it in one particularly troublesome patient: himself. When

he fell ill in 2001, he brushed it off as fl u symptoms. In his latest book, When Doctors Become Patients, Klitzman

writes about 50 doctors who are suddenly affl icted by illness, a role reversal for them. Yet for most, becoming a patient opened their eyes to the ways they can better communicate with patients and fi ne-tune treatment methods by being more sensitive to their patients’ needs.

The impetus for Klitzman’s book came after being diagnosed with depression following his sister’s death in the World Trade Center attacks. But even before that, he had explored the idea of doctors forced out of their position as healers. Klitzman focuses on personal accounts from doctors treated for a range of illnesses—from cancer to HIV to diabetes. While their ex-periences varied, most of them realized there’s room for improvement in how they approach their profession.

“Many doctors told me that when their doctors would say simply ‘everything will be okay,’ they felt calm and so much better,” Klitzman said. “They never realized that they must have had that same placebo effect on their [own] patients. Frequently, they didn’t know what the patient was feeling.”

Klitzman, 49, has built a career focusing on ethics-based research—ranging from ethical issues tied to HIV, patient

disclosures of diagnoses, death and dying, and medical research ethics review boards. His fi rst book, A Year-Long Night: Tales of a Medical Internship, describes his experience working on wards and in emergency rooms, where interns were told which patients were worth resuscitating. “I was struck by the number of deep and disturbing ethical issues I faced,” said Klitzman. “Who was I, a kid in his 20s, to make such decisions?”

He has published six books on just these dilemmas.

Q. Is it true that doctors make the worst patients?

A. Doctors have problems being patients in di f ferent ways. Some were better and were very proactive. They got

the names of the best people in the hospital and went and saw them and were very good patients. Others resisted entering the role of patient or treated themselves. They were patients who were hard to treat.

Q. How do the doctors you interviewed view their experi-ences with their own illness?

A.They learned a lot and realized that they had something to teach. They had gone through a very diffi cult journey

and process and came out on the other side. They realized that it took being a patient, getting a serious illness, for them to see things that they’d never seen before and that they felt made them better doctors.

Q.As a psychiatrist, how did you get interested in HIV research?

A. I went to med school in ’81, graduated in ’85 and fi nished my residency in ’89. As the HIV epidemic started, I began

to see patients with HIV/AIDS and see how they faced discrimi-nation. I wondered how they viewed and understood the social stigma they faced, even from their own health care providers. How did they cope? … I got very interested in their experiences and the ethical issues HIV posed. I ended up writing two books: Be-ing Positive: The Lives of Men and Women with HIV and Mortal Secrets: Truth and Lies in the Age of AIDS.

Q. As director of the center, what are you focusing on?

A.We’re looking at policy and ethical issues, increasingly internationally. We’re looking at issues of justice and HIV

disclosure. We’re dealing with issues of privacy and confi dential-ity. For instance, if people sign up for a study of a new treatment or vaccine for HIV, what do the researchers tell them? Do we tell people that it has never been tried on humans? Do they under-stand that? … People frequently think they’re given active treat-ment when they’re not. People often don’t understand they have the right to drop out of treatment or research when they want …So the question is, How do we make sure they understand? What are the key things for them to understand? As research is increasingly conducted on this and other diseases, these issues are ever more important in making sure we do as good a job as we can with our patients.

FACULTY Q&A

ROBERT KLITZMAN

Interviewed by Melanie A. Farmer

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COLUMBIA PEOPLE

WHO HE IS: Building Superintendent

YEARS AT COLUMBIA: 28

WHAT HE DOES: Nawaz oversees maintenance and renovation projects for four off-campus buildings—a mix of faculty housing, undergraduate and graduate housing, rent-controlled apartments and fraternity housing. A typical day has about 10 to 15 maintenance requests, from leaky radiators to a broken shade, and he also meets with contractors doing renovations to his buildings, delegating projects to his staff of eight. Nawaz is on call around the clock and is the back up superintendent for all fraternity housing (15 in total).

A GOOD DAY ON THE JOB: “When the work that needs to get done gets done by the end of each day. I try to take care of the problem right then and there. I don’t want to leave it for tomorrow, because by tomorrow, there’ll be more problems.”

MOST UNUSUAL REQUEST: Nawaz often gets emergency calls in the middle of the night. One required removing a student’s pet snake from a shared kitchen sink. The pet’s owner was bathing the snake in the sink but left it unattended. A surprised—and frightened—kitchen user immediately called Nawaz to the rescue.

BEFORE COLUMBIA: Nawaz emigrated to the U.S. from Pakistan in 1973 and lived in Miami for a year before moving to New York. He began working at 600 W. 113th St., doing mainly office

support for the owners. When Columbia bought the building in 1979, it wasn’t long until the University offered Nawaz the job as building super. While the job has remained the same, he now has additional responsibilities and more buildings to manage.

MOST MEMORABLE MOMENT AT COLUMBIA: For Columbia’s 250th Anniversary, Nawaz was one of three employees in the Institutional Real Estate department chosen to participate in “Columbians Behind the Scenes,” a series of photos and profiles recognizing longtime Columbia staffers who help the campus run smoothly. “I was surprised that I was picked for the work I do. It was a real shock to me to be recognized all over Columbia.”

BEST PART OF THE JOB: “Helping people, especially the students. They are without their parents, and I enjoy making their stay comfortable. Students who have already graduated, if they are in the neighborhood, they will come and visit me and say hi. They always make sure to say hi.”

IN HIS SPARE TIME: When he’s not helping others or fixing a building problem, Nawaz enjoys watching sports, any sport. Nawaz, 56, lives with his wife, Lorraine, whom he met in the elevator of the first building he managed at Columbia. They have four children and one grandson.

— By Melanie A. Farmer

POSITION:

Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons and

Mailman School of Public Health

Director, Ethics, Policy and Human Rights Core of the HIV Center

Research Scientist, New York State Psychiatric Institute

LENGTH OF SERVICE:

18 1/2 Years

HISTORY:

Cofounder and former Codirector, Center for Bioethics, Columbia University Medical Center

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholar, University of Pennsylvania

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TheRecord NOVEMBER 19, 2007 8 SCRAPBOOK

Doing Well continued from page 1

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recipient of the business school’s Botwinick Prize. He highlighted the company’s Shakti program, which employs some 40,000 impov-erished rural dwellers in India to sell low-cost sachets of shampoo and other goods, where it helps improve local nutrition and hygiene while enriching villagers’ lives. “Business can have a positive effect on economic development and poverty reduction,” Cescau added.

Panelists at the sustainability session noted New York City’s need for sustainable growth, as an additional one million people are added to the city’s population by 2030. “Sustainable growth is the only way to maintain value in a crowded, contentious and vibrant city like New York, said Rohit Aggarwala, director of New York City’s Offi ce of Sustainability.”

The conference was organized by the busi-ness school’s Social Enterprise Club. Today the curriculum includes 10 electives ranging from nonprofi t management to integrating sustain-ability into management roles. The program has earned the school a top 10 “Beyond Grey Pinstripes” ranking from the Aspen Institute, a think tank that focuses on leadership issues.

Hint: In the lobby of this building you’ll fi nd your answer set in stone. Send answers to curecord@columbia.edu. First to e-mail the right answer wins a Record mug.

ANSWER TO LAST CHALLENGE: The knight is on the base of the lampposts on both sides of the Low Library steps; Winner: Timothy Tzeng

Sandra Day O’Connor continued from page 1

SEAS GETS A SMARTER SMART LABThe Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science dedicated its newly renovated design laboratory on Oct. 26. The Botwinick Multimedia Learning Laboratory is made possible through the support of alumnus Edward Botwinick ’58, ’56CC, former chair and chief executive of Timeplex Inc. It features 50 Apple Mac Pro workstations, improved storage and network capabilities, an LCD projector and a widescreen SMART Board. Pictured at left, from left to right: Morton B. Friedman, vice dean of SEAS, and interim dean Gerald A. Navratil pose with Botwinick at the dedication. Right: First-year students in the required design course enjoy the new digs.

MONGOLIAN LEADER VISITS CAMPUSMongolian President Nambaryn Enkhbayar visited Columbia Oct. 24 to discuss his country’s democratic reform and economic development. His visit was part of the World Leaders Forum cosponsored by the Weatherhead East Asian Institute.

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Documentary filmmaker Ken Burns on Oct. 30 discussed his latest film at the Journalism School. The War, which aired on PBS this fall, is a seven-part series about the Second World II told through personal accounts of American men and women living in four American towns: Mobile, Ala.; Sacramento, Calif.; Waterbury, Conn.; and Luverne, Minn. As part of his lecture, Burns discussed the making of The War and screened segments from the film.

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of its intelligence service. In Britain, new laws allowed for indefi nite detentions, but were struck down. Australia’s high court permitted detaining aliens indefi nitely.

The disagreements are heartening, O’Connor said. “At least democracy is fl our-ishing, because people are engaging in many discussions across the globe about many is-sues facing us,” she said. “And that’s how it should be.”

O’Connor didn’t discuss cases likely to appear before the court. And she warned about going too far, pointing to the excesses of World War II, when U.S. citizens of Japa-nese descent were interned in camps.

“If we lose sight of liberty in our efforts to defeat our enemies, the price may have been too high,” she said.

It’s important to maintain a proper bal-ance, she added, quoting words former Su-preme Court Justice Robert Jackson wrote in a 1949 opinion that are equally relevant today: “The choice is not between order and liberty; it is between order with liberty or anarchy without either.”

MFA STUDENTS PERFORM BALDWIN’S ANOTHER COUNTRYStudents in Columbia’s School of the Arts Theatre Division MFA acting class perform in Columbia Stages’ theatrical adaptation of James Baldwin’s novel Another Country, at Riverside Church. Set primarily in Harlem, Baldwin’s unfl inching examination of race, sexuality and love still resonates today as it did when the novel was fi rst published in 1962. Another Country was directed and adapted by Diane Paulus, herself a 1997 School of the Arts alum. The production ran Nov. 8-17.

PROMOTING EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY Teachers College hosted a symposium Nov. 12 and 13 on “Equal Educational Opportunity,” which looked at the role of law and litigation in promoting equal educational opportunity in light of recent developments in school desegregation cases and the implementation of federal statutes such as the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA). The conference was cohosted by TC’s Campaign for Educational Equity and Columbia Law School.Above left, foreground to background: Theodore M. Shaw, director-counsel and president of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF) and adjunct professor at Columbia Law School; James E. Ryan, academic associate dean and the William L. Matheson & Robert M. Morgenthau Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Virginia Law School; and john a. powell, executive director of the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at Ohio State University and the Gregory H. Williams Chair in Civil Rights & Civil Liberties at the University’s Michael E. Moritz College of Law. Above right, foreground to background: Lani Guinier, the Bennett Boskey Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and visiting professor at Columbia Law School, with Columbia University President Lee C. Bollinger.

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