civil rights. laws that were passed laws that were passed civil rights act of 1957 civil rights act...

Civil RightsCivil Rights


Laws that were passedLaws that were passed Civil Rights Act of 1957Civil Rights Act of 1957

– Protected the rights of African American to Protected the rights of African American to votevote

Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964– Passed as a result of the Birmingham violencePassed as a result of the Birmingham violence– March on Washington took place in support of March on Washington took place in support of

the Actthe Act– Prevented racial discriminationPrevented racial discrimination

Equal Employment Opportunity CommissionEqual Employment Opportunity Commission

Civil Rights Civil Rights

2424thth Amendment Amendment– Ended poll taxesEnded poll taxes

Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965– Federal examiners ran local electionsFederal examiners ran local elections– Literacy tests suspendedLiteracy tests suspended– 250,000 African American voters 250,000 African American voters

registered by the end of the yearregistered by the end of the year


Still problems for African Americans even Still problems for African Americans even with all of the Civil Rights laws passingwith all of the Civil Rights laws passing– 70% of all African Americans lived in major 70% of all African Americans lived in major

citiescities Many of them living in poverty in the inner cityMany of them living in poverty in the inner city

Many saw gains from civil rights Many saw gains from civil rights movement, but their own circumstances movement, but their own circumstances did not changedid not change– Racism still existedRacism still existed

Riots after laws were madeRiots after laws were made


Kerner CommissionKerner Commission– Studied cause of urban riots and sought Studied cause of urban riots and sought

a plan to prevent them in the futurea plan to prevent them in the future Found racism to be causeFound racism to be cause

– Created plan to create better conditions Created plan to create better conditions for inner citiesfor inner cities

– Johnson did not approveJohnson did not approve Money tied up in other places- Money tied up in other places-

VietnamVietnam


Economic RightsEconomic Rights– Many African Americans upset with MLK Many African Americans upset with MLK

because he was not helping economic because he was not helping economic conditionsconditions

– Chicago MovementChicago Movement Called attention to Chicago slums and Called attention to Chicago slums and

poor economic conditionspoor economic conditions Very little was changedVery little was changed


Black PowerBlack Power– Chicago showed that nonviolent protests Chicago showed that nonviolent protests

did not accomplish what was necessarydid not accomplish what was necessary Many African Americans turned away from Many African Americans turned away from

KingKing

– Many organizations became more Many organizations became more assertive and wanted to be separate assertive and wanted to be separate from whitesfrom whites SNCC and CORE removed all white leaders SNCC and CORE removed all white leaders

from their organizationfrom their organization


Black PowerBlack Power– Stressed pride in African American Stressed pride in African American

CultureCulture– Wanted racial separation rather than Wanted racial separation rather than

cultural assimilationcultural assimilation Idea became very popularIdea became very popular

– MLK criticized it and called it hopeless MLK criticized it and called it hopeless and full of despairand full of despair


Malcolm XMalcolm X– Became symbol of Black PowerBecame symbol of Black Power– Part of Nation of Islam, or Black MuslimsPart of Nation of Islam, or Black Muslims

Not the same as mainstream MuslimsNot the same as mainstream Muslims

– Believed African Americans should Believed African Americans should separate themselves from whitesseparate themselves from whites

– Nation of Islam became their own self Nation of Islam became their own self run organizationrun organization


Malcolm XMalcolm X– Helped make Nation of Islam popular Helped make Nation of Islam popular

through speechesthrough speeches– In 1964 he broke with Nation of IslamIn 1964 he broke with Nation of Islam

Scandals with leaderScandals with leader– Went to Mecca to worshipWent to Mecca to worship

Found that all races were worshipping Found that all races were worshipping together and were peacefultogether and were peaceful

Had new belief on race relationsHad new belief on race relations


Malcolm XMalcolm X– After returning home he criticized the After returning home he criticized the

Nation of Islam and Elijah MuhammadNation of Islam and Elijah Muhammad Three members shot and killed him during a Three members shot and killed him during a

speech in New Yorkspeech in New York

– Mainly remembered for his speeches Mainly remembered for his speeches and ideas before he left Nation of Islamand ideas before he left Nation of Islam


Black PanthersBlack Panthers– Considered themselves the heirs of Considered themselves the heirs of

Malcolm XMalcolm X Beliefs based on his wordsBeliefs based on his words

– Urged African Americans to arm Urged African Americans to arm themselves and confront white societythemselves and confront white society

– Ten Point programTen Point program Black empowerment, end to racial Black empowerment, end to racial

oppression, control of major institutions oppression, control of major institutions in African American communitiesin African American communities


Black Power had angered many Black Power had angered many supporters of Civil Rights Movementsupporters of Civil Rights Movement– Made it unlikely that new laws would get Made it unlikely that new laws would get

passedpassed MLK went to Memphis to campaign MLK went to Memphis to campaign

for more economic rights and for more economic rights and another march on Washingtonanother march on Washington

MLK was assassinated while speaking MLK was assassinated while speaking on his hotel balconyon his hotel balcony


Ralph Abernathy took over for MLK, Ralph Abernathy took over for MLK, however it was not the samehowever it was not the same– Congress still passed the Civil Rights Act Congress still passed the Civil Rights Act

of 1968, which gave better housing and of 1968, which gave better housing and less discrimination in getting a houseless discrimination in getting a house

Civil Rights Movement still continued, Civil Rights Movement still continued, but it did not have the same but it did not have the same following or effectiveness without following or effectiveness without MLKMLK

civil rights. laws that were passed laws that were passed civil rights act of 1957 civil rights act...

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