civil rpas usage, regulation & certification europe ... capigi 2014/002 1…civil rpas usage,...

Civil RPAS Usage, Regulation & Certification

On recommendation of ICAO, and in compliance with the terminology of the European RPAS Roadmap, the terms Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) & Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) are used in this presentation [instead of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) & Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) & Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) & drone].

RPA & RPAS are invariant – Singular = Plural.

© UVS International 12 March 2014

EUROPE: Current Status

Page: 1/33

Peter van Blyenburgh

President - UVS International, The Netherlands Member - ICAO UAS Study Group

Member - EC’s European RPAS Steering Group Advisor - EUROCAE WG93 on Light RPAS

What we ARE talking about

What are we NOT talking about?

Aerial Operations

Regulatory Responsibility

RPAS Regulations

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

European RPAS Roadmap 8

Community Actions 9

RPAS & Agriculture in Japan

RPAS Certification

10

© UVS International 3 April 2014

Terms & Info Sources

RPAS – All Sizes & Shapes

Page: 2/33

Explanation of Terms

Certification Any form of recognition that a product, part or appliance, organisation or person complies with the applicable requirements, including the provisions of this regulation and its implementing rules, as well as the issuance of the relevant certificate attesting such compliance (EASA Basic Reg. Art. 3).

(The term “Certification” is used because there is no internationally agreed understanding of the meaning of the terms “Authorized” & “Approved”)

Civil RPAS Applications Commercial & non-commercial aerial work (Specialised Operations).

National Aviation Authority NAA of each of the 28 European Union (EU) Member States is responsible in its country for rulemaking, certification & operational approval of:

- Civil RPAS with a MTOM <150 kg - Civil RPAS flight crews (pilots) - Civil RPAS operators employing the flight crews

Operations Facilitated Permits to Fly are granted by NAA, based on specific national rules, and possibly on a case-to-case exemption basis (also in countries where no national regulation exists).

Qualified Entity (QE) Entity to which a specific certification task has been allocated by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) or a NAA (and is then not necessarily compliant with EC Regulation No 216/2008).

RPAS A set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted aircraft, its associated remote pilot station(s), the required command and control links and any other system elements as may be required, at any point during flight operation (ICAO Circular 328).

RPAS Operator Person, organisation or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an RPAS operation (ICAO Circular 328).

Used in this presentation

© UVS International 3 April 2014 Page: 3/33

Information Sources

Used to prepare this presentation

The information & data contained in this document have been obtained from:

European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) EUROCONTROL

Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems (JARUS) Ministries of Transport

National Aviation Authorities (NAA) NAA web sites Qualified Entities

National Associations (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, UK)

National Working Group (Denmark)

UVS International thanks these contributors for their cooperation.

This document does not imply that the views expressed in it represent the views of the aforementioned organisations.


We are NOT Talking About

Flying objects used for RECREATIONAL purposes

Parrot, France - AR Drone 2

ProxFlyer Norway

Bladerunner

Model Aircraft (<20-25 kg & >20/25 & <150kg)

Very Large Model Aircraft (> 150 kg)

Toys

Interactive Toy Concepts, China

Vamp – Flying

Bat


http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tomlaird.com/articles/aerobatics/campbell_cup2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tomlaird.com/aerobatics.htm&h=600&w=800&sz=109&hl=fr&start=13&tbnid=9ItDp3awDB_MgM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodel%2Baircraft%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.amtjets.com/speed_record2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.amtjets.com/speed_record_attemp99.html&h=298&w=454&sz=82&hl=fr&start=68&tbnid=rUFIZp-fNRROrM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodel%2Baircraft%26start%3D60%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/shared/media/photodb/photos/040728-F-1234P-093.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/news%26events/outdoor/index.asp&h=1221&w=1800&sz=355&hl=fr&start=82&tbnid=wtrjLDOGGdcKpM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodel%2Baircraft%26start%3D80%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/4110577/2/istockphoto_4110577_model_plane.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/object/4110577_model_plane.php%3Fid%3D4110577&h=285&w=380&sz=76&hl=fr&start=120&tbnid=hJ5IofPmvLiCYM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodel%2Baircraft%26start%3D100%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://bp3.blogger.com/_-8iRlPMqcL4/Rmeqr7DnxOI/AAAAAAAAAAM/CDmxRbsBahw/s400/Radio%2BControlled%2BHelicopter.jpg&imgrefurl=http://radiocontrolclub.blogspot.com/&h=313&w=400&sz=46&hl=fr&start=20&tbnid=HLX-Rwudwy8rQM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dremote%2Bcontrolled%2Bmodel%2Baircraft%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.orichalk.com/images/dir350-sam.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.orichalk.com/jeux-%26amp%3B-jouets-dirigeable-radiocommande-p-85.html&h=350&w=350&sz=31&hl=fr&start=21&tbnid=yH2KIzLnhYv0MM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dremote%2Bcontrolled%2Bdirigeable%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DN

RPAS RPA & Payload Pilot Station Data Link (Launcher)

RPA Types RPA OPA (Optionally Piloted A/C) CPA (Converted Piloted A/C

Airframe Types Fixed Wing Rotary Wing Parafoil Wing Light-than-Air Multi Rotor Tilt Rotor/Wing Flapping Wing + + + +

Take-off Mass 17 gr - 14.630 kg (incl. fuel) (currently operational RPA)

Flight Control Manual Automatic Manual & Automatic VFR IFR

Command & VLOS E-VLOS VLL BVLOS (alt. <500 ft) RLOS BRLOS Control alt. <500 ft alt. <500 ft BVLOS (alt. >500 ft) (Relay & Satellite)

What we ARE talking about - 1

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS)

The key word: Aircraft

Affordable Flight Hour Cost = Viable Business Case

Societal Benefits Job Creation © UVS International 3 April 2014 Page: 6/33

Aircraft MTOM < 150 kg > 150 kg

Initial Law National rules EASA (Policy 2009 – Part 21)

RPAS National rules EASA (not yet available )

Operator Certificate National rules EASA (not yet available)

Remote Pilot Certificate National rules EASA (not yet available)

Nat. Flight Authorisation National rules National rules

Internat. Flight Author. Amendment 43 Amendment 43

State Missions National rules National rules

Public EC Missions National rules ? EASA ?

Not Harmonised = To Chicago Convention Annex 2 Applicable since 12 Nov 2012 Basis for EASA’s NPA 2013-10

= Transporting an RPAS in a car from one EU country to another to operate it there, is an international flight

EU Regulatory Responsibility


Selex ES, Italy - Sky X & Sky Y

Neuron Consortium, Europe – nEUROn RUAG, Switzerland & IAI-Malat, Israel ADS-Ranger

Thales, UK (U-TACS) – Watchkeeper EADS DS, France & IAI-Malat, Israel – Harfung

EuroHawk, Germany – EuroHawk (Northrop Grumman & EADS Deutschland)

Fixed Wing RPA

MTOM

> 150 kg

EADS Deutschland, Germany – Talarion Sagem, France - Patroller

CPA

© SIRPA


Aurora Flight Sciences, USA – Centaur Boeing, USA – Phantom Eye

Boeing, USA – Phantom Ray

Israel Aerospace Industries, Israel – Heron TP

Northrop Grumman, USA – Global Hawk Northrop Grumman, USA – FireBird

Fixed Wing

RPA

MTOM

> 150 kg

General Atomics ASI, USA – Predator General Atomics ASI, USA – Reaper

OPA

OPA


Northrop Grumman, USA – Fire X Boeing, USA – A160 Hummingbird

KARI, South Korea – SmartUAV

Saab, Sweden – Skeldar

Indra Sistemas, Spain – Pelicano

LuxCopter, Luxembourg – LuxCopter

EADS Cassidian, France – Tanan

Schiebel, Austria – Camcopter S-100

Rotary Wing

RPA

MTOM > 150 kg


Swiss UAV, Switzerland - Koax X240

Rotary Wing

RPA

MTOM

< 150 kg

Yamaha Motor, Japan – R-Max

Delft Dynamics, Netherlands – RH2 Stern

HighEye, Netherlands – Chanachopper

Flying-Cam, Belgium – Sarah

Infotron, France - IT 180

CybAero, Sweden - APID

SurveyCopter, France – Copter 4


Flying Robots, Switzerland – Swan

Gatewing, Belgium – X100

AeroVironment, USA – Raven

Novadem (for COFICE), France - Helicofice

Skive Aviation, Switzerland – ADS-12 Insitu, Inc, USA – ScanEagle

SmartPlanes, Sweden – SmartPlane

Various

Airframe Types

All but one < 25 kg


Aermatica, Italy – Anteos Mikrokopter, Germany - Oktocopter

Draganfly, Canada – Draganflyer X6 Microdrones, Germany – MD4-200

Aeryon, Canada - Scout

AirRobot, Germany – AR120

IAI-Malat, Israel - Ghost AeroVironment, USA – Qube

Multi-Rotor

RPA

MTOM

< 5 kg


Clear Flight Solutions, Netherlands – Robird (developed for scaring birds away from airports)

ProxDynamics, Norway – Black Hornet (17 gr. - In service with UK forces in Afghanistan)

AeroVironment, USA – Hummingbird (proof-of-concept demonstrator)

AAI Corp., USA – Aerosonde (crossed the Atlantic on 5 kg of fuel)

TU Delft, Netherlands – Delfly (proof-of-concept demonstrator)

UAVFactory, Latvia – Penguin B (54 hours flight endurance)

Astounding Technological Achievements

Small

IS

Beautiful


M U T U A L I Z A T I O N

Not State Flights Civil Protection Incl. Safety related Fire Fighters National Mapping Agencies

State Flights Police Security related Customs Border Guards Coast Guard

Military Governmental

Non-Governmental

Non-Military

General Aviation Corporate Operations Flight Training / Instruction Pleasure

Commercial Air Transport Scheduled Air Service (Transport of Persons & Freight) Non-scheduled Revenue Ops. Non-revue Operations

RPAS Ops

Public European Union Flights on behalf of a public EU agency (without national oversight)

Aerial Operations

Commercial Non-Commercial (incl. Corporate Operations)

Training / Instruction

Other Miscellaneous

Aerial Work / Specialized Operations

Object of this

presentation

N O N

M I L I T A R Y

R P A S

O P S

RPAS - Current & Potential Usage


Civil RPAS Aerial Operations

- Duo (student instruction by licensed pilot) - Solo (unaided student flight) - Check (qualification verification of pilot

license holder)

Flight Training / Instruction (Private & Commercial)

Other Miscellaneous (Private & Commercial)

- Aerial Advertising - Aerial Inspection - Aerial Monitoring - Aerial Observation & Surveillance - Aerial Patrol & Spotting - Aerial Photography, Video, Cinema - Aerial Survey & Mapping (Photogrammetry) - Aerial Spraying & Dispensing - Research & Scientific - Aerial Search & Rescue Assistance

- Test / Experimental - Demonstration - Ferry / Positioning - Air Show / Race

Aerial Work - Commercial & Non-Commercial (Including Corporate Operations)

Monitoring: Observation on a regular basis over a period of time. Observation: Examination of an activity, person, group, area or phenomena. Patrol: Searching for a specific activity, person, group or phenomena. Spotting: Looking for & noting geographical coordinates of an object or activity. Surveillance: Close observation of an activity, person, group, area or phenomena. Survey: Detailed inspection of a geo-referenced section of the earth’s surface (incl. structures) with the purpose

to study or measure altitudes, angles, distances, phenomena on the land & the structures overflown.


Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Rep.

Estonia

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

RPAS REGULATION IN EU - I

In Place

VLOS

BLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS & BLOS

VLOS

< 150 kg

< 150 kg

< 150 kg

< 25 kg

< 25 kg

< 150 kg

< 20 kg

VLOS < 150 kg

Update of current

regulation expected in

2014

VLOS < 150 kg

Finalised , but not in force

Expected mid 2014

In Preparation

BLOS

Ops Facil.

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes


Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Portugal

Poland

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

UK

RPAS REGULATION IN EU - II

In Place

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

< 25 kg

< 25 kg

< 20 kg

< 25 kg

< 150 kg

<150 kg

< 150 kg

VLOS 20 kg = without

fuel, but with battery

VLOS

VLOS

In Preparation

< 150 kg VLOS BLOS

< 150 kg Expected May 2014

VLOS < 25 kg

VLOS

Ops Facil.

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes © UVS International 3 April 2014 Page: 18/33

Iceland

Norway

Switzerland

RPAS REGULATION – III (Non-EU)

In Place In Preparation

< 150 kg Expected in 2014

Directive on VLOS operations over people

Expected in 2014

BLOS VLOS BLOS VLOS Rating Rating

BLOS VLOS

Yes

Yes

Model aircraft rules apply

Ops Facil.


RPAS (< 150 kg) REGULATION – EUROPE

In Place In Preparation

EU

Non-EU

12 8

Total Europe 12 3 9

BLOS VLOS

3

1

QUANTITY COUNTRIES

Anticipated 2014

BLOS VLOS

21

22

1

3

3

BLOS VLOS

Rest of the world 7 3 7 3

Australia Brazil

Canada Colombia

Israel Japan

New Zealand South Africa South Korea

Russian Fed. Turkey

Ukraine USA

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No

Yes No ?

Yes Yes No No No No No No No No

NA Yes NA NA NA NA Yes Yes

? Yes Yes Yes Yes

NA No No NA NA Yes

? No ?

No Yes No Yes

NA = Not applicable

CASR Part 1 (2002) Being Amended


Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Rep.

Estonia

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

CERTIFICATION IN EU - I

Operator

10

Pilot Producer RPAS

300

24 29 31

13

33

497

12

30

QUANTITY

Regulation in place

Regulation in preparation

Certification: as per definition on

slide 2

Est

Ass. Mbrs

30

60

Yes

201

52


CERTIFICATION IN EU - II

Operator

1

Pilot Producer RPAS

13 30

212

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Portugal

Poland

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

UK

216

QUANTITY

Regulation in place



slide 2

1

1

1

Ass. Mbrs

70

70

20

36

44


CERTIFICATION – III (Non-EU)

Operator Pilot Producer RPAS

Iceland

Norway

Switzerland

76

QUANTITY

Regulation in place



slide 2

43


CERTIFICATION – EUROPE

Operator Pilot Producer RPAS

EU

Non-EU

1331 59 30 33

76

Total Europe 1407 59 30 33

QUANTITY COUNTRIES

If the estimated quantity of operators in Germany is included

Rest of the world 2262 14000 30 31

Australia Canada

Israel Japan

South Korea

70 60 2

2000 130

? ? ?

14 000 130


slide 2

27 Approved Pilot Training Schools

© UVS International 3 April 2014

EC UAS Panel

Euro RPAS Steering Group Co-chaired by DG ENTR & DG MOVE

DG Connect, DG Research, EASA, ECAC, EUROCONTROL, EDA, SESAR JU, JARUS, EUROCAE, ASD, ECA, EREA, UVS International

Foster the development of civil RPAS operations by planning & coordinating all activities necessary to achieve the safe & incremental integration of non-military RPAS into the European air traffic system, aiming at initial RPAS integration by 2016.

European RPAS Roadmap

Regulatory Approach

Strategic Research Plan

Societal Impact

1

2

3

EC Hearing on L-RPAS Oct ‘09

Survey on L-RPAS Oct ‘09

EC High Level Conference Jul ‘10

Jun ‘11 – Feb ‘12 4 Workshops

Jul ‘12 – Jun ‘13

Jun ‘13

Final Report

2016

Initial RPAS

Integration

All related documents, presentations, reports &

European RPAS Roadmap are available on

www.uvs-info.com See « European Matters » tab

European RPAS

Roadmap

Final Report

Presentations

Implementation Defintion

Phase Early 2014

RPAS CivOps Survey

Final Report


EASA & EASA’s NPA 2012-10

EUROCONTROL

SESAR Joint Undertaking

JARUS = 17 EU countries

EUROCAE WG93 on L-RPAS

International RPAS Coordination Council

RPAS-related Study Consortia

Survey on Civil RPAS Operations

EUROCAE WG73 on UAS

ICAO UAS Study Group

SG01 - Responsibility, Liability, Insurance

SG02 - RPAS Flight Demonstrations

SG03 - RPSys-related Knowledge Centre

UVS International General

SG04 - RPAS Operators & Operations

RPAS Operators Community

Community Actions

General Stakeholder Advocacy

National Aviation Authorities

AT, AU, BE, BW, DE, ES, FR, IT, NA, NL, NO, RO, UK, ZA

SG05 - Gvmt Non-military RPAS Operators

EDA

European RPAS Roadmap

ASD ECAC

EREA

ECA & & &

ERSG


JARUS (CS-LURS, ORG etc.)

Density Population

Unpopulated (remonte

agricultural, over sea, or fenced off)

Lightly Populated

Highly Populated

COMMERCIAL & NON-COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS

Above > 500 ft AGL

Teth Teth VFR

BVLOS BRLOS RLOS

IFR

EVLOS

ICAO scope

Type Certificate Issued by

EASA

Type Certicate based on

« Common Rules » but issued by NAAs:

• Language • Proximity

• Fees

> 150 kg RPA MTOM

Flight Altitude

Flight

Declaration signed by RPAS Operator,

RPAS Safety Assessment,

Pilot Approval by accredited

Qualified Entity (contracted by the

Operator)

VLOS E VLOS

B VLOS

Very Low Level < 500 ft

< 150 kg

Where the EU is Going

RPAS Operator Certificate Obligatory


RPAS & Agriculture in Japan

A Unique Case - For Several Reasons


Japan – RPAS Applications

Rice Soy Beans Wheat

Forestry Vineyards Vegetables

Fertilizer & Insecticide Spraying & Pellet Dispensing


Japan – Current Status

Over 2,400 Certificated RPA

Over 14,000 Certificated RPA Pilots

27 Approved Remote Pilot Academies

Regulated by: Japan Agricultural Aviation Association

95% of market held by 1 RPAS manufacturerer


0

0.5

1

1.5

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

Manned Unmanned YAMAHA RPA

Spray Area (Million hectares))

( According to the Japan Agricultural Aviation Association Report )

Registered Qnty RPA

1995 2012 2000 2005 2010

Japan - Transition Manned A/C - RPA


Pre-programmed Flights

Japan - Characteristics

RPAS Are Leased (Insurance Included)

Pilots Qualified By RPAS Producer

27 Remote Pilot Training Academies

Pilot Proficiency Assessment at Academies

Only VLOS Operations – Manual Control

NOT For Agriculture

South Korea has followed the Japanese Model 130 Pilots

Not regulated by NAA < 5 Incidents over 15 years


UVS INTERNATIONAL

86 rue Michel Ange - 2nd Building - 2nd Floor FR-75016 Paris

France

Tel.: 33-1-46.51.88.65 - Fax: 33-1-46.51.05.22

[email protected] - [email protected]

www.uvs-international.org - www.uvs-info.com - www.testranges.org

© UVS International Page: 33/33 3 April 2014

civil rpas usage, regulation & certification europe ... capigi 2014/002 1…civil rpas usage,...

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