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Civil War 1861-1865

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Page 1: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Civil War1861-1865

Page 2: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Civil War

• Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery

• Ft. Sumter• Antietam• Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address• Vicksburg• Emancipation Proclamation• Appomattox Courthouse• Lincoln’s Assassination

Page 3: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Civil War

• Causes:– States’ Rights – power belong to states or federal

government• Nullification Crisis• Expansion of slavery• Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-

Nebraska Act, Fugitive Slave Law

– Sectionalism – extreme devotion to ones region• Political, Social, and Economical differences

– Slavery• South wanted to expand, North want to eliminate

Page 4: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

North• Disadvantages– Weaker Generals– Offensive War– Had to win the War– Support for war divided

• Advantages– More people– Industrial– More Money– More Railroads– More Telegraph lines

Page 5: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

South• Disadvantages– Fewer People– Agrarian economy– Little Industry– Few Railroads and

telegraph lines

• Advantages– Best Generals– Defensive battle– Did not have to win– Fighting on homeland

Page 6: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Civil War

Page 7: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Railroad Lines

Page 8: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Fort Sumter

• April 12th, 1861• Confederate officials began

seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts.

• Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, SC.

• Confederate forces asked for its surrender.

• Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.

Page 9: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Fort Sumter

• Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.

• Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. 85 Union soldiers surrendered, Abner Doubleday fired the first shots in defense of the fort

• The Civil War began.

Page 10: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

1st Bull Run• Confederate Soldiers

defeated the Union soldiers• General Jackson was

epitomized by the name Stonewall because of his slow response to aid other troops

• Stonewall Jackson also ordered the first rebel yell during the attack

• The number of casualties and ferocity of the fighting gave evident that this was not going to be quick, decisive war

Page 11: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Shiloh• Union victory after a

Confederate surprise attack• 23,000 casualties, level of

violence shocked both sides

• Realized more that the war would not end quickly

• Citizens began sending Grant cigars (10,000) after his victory, he eventually died of lung cancer after being President

Page 12: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Antietam• Sept 17, 1862 – 1st battle

fought on Union soil• Single bloodies day in

American Military History, more than 22,000 casualties

• Although considered a draw, the Union chose to declared victory, though had his Generals chose to advance using their full force the battle would have been different

• This “victory” encouraged Lincoln to give his Emancipation Proclamation

Page 13: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Emancipation Proclamation

• July 1st 1863 after the Union victory at Antietam

• Freed the slaves in the South

• War now included the freeing of the slaves and preserving the Union

• Lincoln believed this was his crowning achievement

Page 14: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Assessment

• Explain the importance of the battle of Antietam to the Civil War?

• What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? How was this to help the Union?

• Which side had the greatest advantage? Why?

Page 15: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Gettysburg

• July 1st-3rd

• Gen. Lee wanted to defeat the Union in the North to strengthen the cause of the “Copperheads” who opposed the war, and to gain foreign recognition

• “Pickett’s Charge” – Gen. Pickett was in charge of marching 15000 men ¾ mile across open fields to attack the Union, 2/3 of the men died

Page 16: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Gettysburg

• Union claimed victory and General Lee offered President Jefferson Davis his resignation, but was refused

• This battle turned the tide of the Civil War to that of the Union and discouraged French and British government from supporting the South

Page 17: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Gettysburg Address

• One of Lincoln’s greatest speeches, 272 words given in less than 2 minutes

• Speech given to honor those who died at Gettysburg and consecrate a cemetery

Page 18: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Gettysburg Address

"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth."

Page 19: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Vicksburg• May 18 – July 4• 6 weeks siege of the City• Surrendered due to lack of

food; men were left to eat mules, rats, and boiled leather

• During the siege many of the inhabitants lived in caves to hide away from the constant bombing

• There were roughly 20,000 casualties combined and the Union took 37,000 POWs

• “The Father of Waters again goes unvexed to the sea.” Abraham Lincoln

Page 20: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Vicksburg

• The victories of Grant and the Union (North) in Vicksburg (gaining control of the Mississippi River and dividing the South) and at Gettysburg were the turning point of the war

Page 21: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Assessment

• Why was the battle of Gettysburg and Vicksburg important to the Union campaign?

Page 22: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Sherman’s March to the Sea• Nov 15 – Dec 21• After Sherman captured Atlanta (the

pride and joy of the Confederacy), the railroad hub and industrial center of the South, he chose to begin his 270 mile march to Savannah, GA

• It begun with the burning of Atlanta and the singing of Glory!Glory!Hallelujah

• Total War – war plan in which Sherman chose to destroy all things in their path; barns, animals, farms (they did not destroy towns), and to destroy southern morale, making the people of the south feel what war was like, be terrorized and helpless

Page 23: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Page 24: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

The Surrender

• April 9th, 1864 Gen. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House

• Lee was defeated by Grant and lost Richmond to the North and attempted to meet up with additional troops in NC but was cut off

• Lee and Grants messaging• As Lee left the Courthouse the Union soldiers began

to celebrate but Grant stopped them saying “The war is over, the rebels are our countrymen again.”

Page 25: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Appomattox Court House

• Although the war was officially over the Confederates defeated the Union at the battle of Palmito Ranch in Texas a month later

Page 26: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Lincolns Assassination

• At wars end John Wilkes Booth, a southern sympathizer assassinated Lincoln at Fords Theatre during the comedy show My American Cousin. This began the largest federal man hunt that resulted in the killing of the assassin and the hanging of his co-conspirators

Page 27: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Assessment

• Explain the end to the Civil War?

• How did Lincoln want to treat the Confederates? Why?

Page 28: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg
Page 29: Civil War 1861-1865. Civil War Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery Ft. Sumter Antietam Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address Vicksburg

Reconstruction Begins