civil war
DESCRIPTION
Civil War. Major Political Parties. Shaping of the Confederacy. Confederate states of America Slavery Jefferson Davis. North (Anaconda Plan). BLOCKADE. South. Defensive Strategy Generals encouraged to attack if they were given the opportunity Firing on South Carolina’s (Ft. Sumter) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Civil War
![Page 2: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Major Political PartiesFree - Soil 1848
• Anti extension of slavery• Pro-labor
Know-Nothing 1854• Anti-immigration• Anti-Catholic
Whig Organized1834
• Pro-business• Divided on slavery
Republican 1854• Opposed expansion of slavery into territories
Democratic 1840(from Demo-
Repub)
• States’ rights • Limited government• Divided on slavery
![Page 3: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Missouri entered as a slave state
Maine entered as a free state36030’ line was established
Missouri Compromise
![Page 4: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Events Leading to the Civil War
![Page 5: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
California entered as a free stateUtah & New Mexico would be determined by popular sovereignty
Slave trade is outlawed in D.C.Strict fugitive slave law is passed
Compromise of 1850
• People get to vote to decide on issues (slavery)
![Page 6: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Missouri Compromise Line 36o30’ is repealed
Popular Sovereignty would decide slavery in Kansas & Nebraska
Creates “Bleeding Kansas” – small scale wars between pro-slavery & anti-slavery forces
Kansas – Nebraska Act
![Page 7: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Slave, Dred Scott sues for his freedom b/c his master took him to Illinois which was a free state
Supreme Court rules 7 – 2 against ScottBlacks are not citizens, & therefor
could not sue in Federal Court5th Amendment – Due Process, your
property cannot be taken away without it
Dred Scott Case
![Page 8: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe – portrays harsh & inhumane treatment of slaves
300,000 copies were sold the first year
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
![Page 9: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Radical abolitionist who attempted to raid Harper’s Ferry Arsenol
Caught & executed, martyr in the north but brings panic to the South
John Brown’s Raid
![Page 10: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Immediate cause of the warRepublican Party was formed to stop
the spread of slaveryLincoln wins in a 4 – way raceStarting with South Carolina,
southern states start to secede from the Union.
Election of Lincoln
![Page 11: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
NORTH
ADVANTAGESSOUTH
![Page 12: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NORTH
DISADVANTAGESSOUTH
![Page 13: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Confederate states of AmericaSlaveryJefferson Davis
Shaping of the Confederacy
![Page 14: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
North (Anaconda Plan)
BLOCKADE
![Page 16: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Defensive StrategyGenerals encouraged to attack if they
were given the opportunityFiring on South Carolina’s (Ft. Sumter)General Lee
South
![Page 17: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Confederates won“Stonewall”
Bull Run
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/firstmanassas/first-manassas-maps/bull-run-animated-map/
![Page 18: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ironclad ship – steam propelled warshipRifle – more accurateMinie ball – soft lead bullet that was more
destructivePrimitive hand grenades and land mines
New Weapons
![Page 19: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Felt the South had never really left the UnionPRESERVE THE UNION
Lincoln increased the power of the PresidencyEmancipation Proclamation
Freed slaves in all rebelling regionsExempted Union slave statesUsed it as a military measurePushed border states to free their slaves
4. Suspended writ of habeas corpus
Lincoln During the Civil War
![Page 21: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copperheads – Northern Democrats who opposed Lincoln and the war effort
Conscription – draft, instituted for the 1st time by central
gov’t
![Page 22: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Turning point of war takes place when General Lee invades the North and loses the Battle of Gettysburg
Lee surrenders @ Appomattox Court House
Gettysburg
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg.html?tab=home
![Page 23: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Homestead Act160 acres of land; must settle within 5 years
Morrill Land GrantMoney for public universities that would teach
agricultural and mechanical skillsNational Banking Act
Did away with state banks & set up a system of national banks
Gave U.S. a new uniform currency: national bank note
Issued greenbacks – paper money
Civil War – Home Front
![Page 24: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Reconstruction
![Page 26: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Based on the idea that the Southern States had never left the Union.
1. Pardons to Southerners who swore oaths of loyalty to the United States
2. Recognition of new southern state govt’s when 10% of those who had voted in the 1860 election took these oaths
3. When the states adopted new Constitutions abolishing slavery (13th Amendment – 1865)
Lincoln’s Plan – Proclamation of Amnesty
![Page 27: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Vice President Johnson became President after Lincoln was assassinated
Johnson’s Plan
S. Democrat from Tennessee
White supremacist
![Page 28: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1. Write a new state constitution if you wanted admittance
2. Ratify the 13th Amendment3. Elect a new government4. Repeal the act of succession5. All former leaders of the
Confederacy would lose the right to vote
Follow Lincoln’s General Plan
![Page 29: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Passed over President Johnson’s vetoesDisband state governments and set up 5
military districts in the south.Each state write a new constitution,
guaranteeing black male suffrage (15th Amendment)
Ratification of the 14th AmendmentAll citizens get equal protection under the law
Anyone who was a former Confederate could not vote or hold office
Congress’s Plan – Radical Reconstruction
![Page 30: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Educate and give financial support to freedmen
Freedman’s Bureau
![Page 31: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Equal opportunities for all citizens
Civil Rights Act
![Page 32: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
They attempted impeachment by charging him with high crimes and misdemeanors over violating the Tenure of Office Act
House of Representatives voted YES on impeachment charges
Senate came within ONE vote of removing Johnson from office
Impeachment of A. Johnson
![Page 34: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
1. Election of 1876 – between Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) and Sam Tilden (Democrat) is filled with controversy.
2. Hayes is declared the winner by a compromise!! WHY???
The Republicans give in and end Reconstruction, known as Compromise of 1877
End of Reconstruction
![Page 35: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Tenant farmersFarmers who rent land from a landlord
SharecroppersFarmers who pay rent with a portion of
their crop
What happened to former slaves?
![Page 36: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Taking away voting rights (15th Amendment)1. Poll taxes – fees you pay before you can vote2. Literacy tests – reading tests that must be
passed before voting3. Grandfather clause – if your grandfather
could vote on Jan. 1, 1867, you were excused from fees and tests
All 3, prevented freedmen from voting!
Reversing Reconstruction
![Page 37: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Called for segregation or separation of the races in public places
Jim Crow Laws
![Page 38: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Laws that restricted blacks civil rights
Black Codes
![Page 39: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
South voted predominantly for the Democratic Party – known as the Solid South
Solid South
![Page 40: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Plessy v. Ferguson
WHITE’S ONLY
![Page 41: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Odds & Ends to Reconstruction
![Page 42: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
White southerners who joined the Republican Party
Means scoundrelWanted South to rebuild as quickly as
possibleOpposed slavery and succession
Scalawags
![Page 43: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Northerners who wanted to exploit the South’s postwar turmoil for their own profitHad mixed motives for supporting
Radical ReconstructionMoral duty to help slavesBusiness people who wanted to start
new industries
Carpetbaggers
![Page 44: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
High taxesPresence of northern troopsSome turned to terrorism
Secret Societies
![Page 45: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Founded as a social club for confederate veterans‘
Turned into a violent terrorist groupGoal was restore white supremacy
KKK
Named after the Greek word kuklos, which means circle.
First Grand Wizard was Nathan Bedford Forrest.
![Page 46: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Secret group of wealthy southerners supporting white supremacyOpposed Republican governmentDied out by 1870
Knights of the White Camelia
![Page 47: Civil War](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070423/56816707550346895ddb6c9f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Nice dude, who picked really crappy advisors!
Had to political experienceTreasury Department Scandal
Involving railroads on a gov’t collecting contract
Whiskey RingInvolved internal revenue collectors who had
helped defraud the federal government of millions of dollars of revenue taxes on whiskey
Grant’s Administration