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US History, Ms. Brown Need Help? Email: [email protected] or Call 646.477.2663

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Name ___________________________ Date: ___________________

Course: US History/Ms. Brown Homeroom:

7th Grade US History Standard # – Do Now – Day #134

Aims: SWBAT examine the key battles of the American Civil War and plot them in chronological order on a timeline.

DO NOW

The Battle of Bull Run

1. Who was the General who led the Union Army? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why did Northerner’s pack picnics to watch the battle? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What happened to the Union Army when they began to charge? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Name ___________________________ Date: ___________________ Homeroom: __________________ Dear Scholars, Did you know that 1 in 10 people died during the Civil War? Bringing the death toll to 600,000 people. Imagine the casualties in terms of today’s population. The population of the United States in 300 million people, if one-tenth died how many casualties were there? __________________________ people. Today we will be reviewing the major battles of the Civil War. We have reviewed the first Battle of Bull Run (also known as the battle of Manassas). Other major battles will include the Battle of Antietam (which we have seen video footage of), the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancelorsville, and the Battle of Gettysburg. Concluding our fact-finding we will create a timeline of the key battles of the Civil War. Buckle your seat belts it’s going to be a bumpy ride. Ms. Brown

I. Poll

Directions: If you were called upon to fight for the following places, which would you risk your life for? (Check all that apply) _____ The United States of America _____ New York State _____ New York City _____ Manhattan _____ Harlem _____ Your family _____ Your “block” _____ Another country (Which one?) ___________________________________________________ _____ Your religion _____ DPH _____ Other ___________________________________________________________________________ _____ Other ___________________________________________________________________________


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Name ___________________________ Date: ___________________ Homeroom: __________________

II. The Battle of Antietam

1. Why did General Lee invade the North?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What border state did General Lee invade? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Approximately how many soldiers died in a single day at the Battle of Antietam?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Who won the Battle of Antietam? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After months of fighting battles in the South, Confederate General Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North. Lee thought that he could force the North to surrender if he “brought the war to their backyard.” Lee believed that Northerners would grow tired of fighting if they thought their own homes were under attack. Lee marched 45,000 of his troops into the border state of Maryland in September 1862. Soon, Union General George McClellan became aware of Lee’s advance and moved 87.000 Union soldiers to meet him. The sides met near Antietam, in the state of Maryland. Early on the morning of September 17, the first shots were fired. The resulting battle raged for hours and hours. The bodies of the dead and wounded piled up on both sides. Twice, the two sides agreed to stop fighting to collect their dead. Each time, they started fighting again with renewed ferocity. The battle raged throughout the day, and into the cool fall evening. By the time night fell, Lee had decided to end his invasion and retreat back to Virginia. The Union had turned Lee back, and had won a major victory. But the Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day in American history. At the end of the day, over 23,000 soldiers had been killed in battle. The green grass of Maryland was stained red with Northern and Southern blood.


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III. The Battle of Fredericksburg

In December 1862, Union forces set out once again on a drive toward Richmond. This time, they were led by General Ambrose Burnside (Lincoln had difficulty finding a competent general and therefore command of the Union Army changed frequently at the beginning of the war). Meeting Robert E. Lee’s forces outside of Fredericksburg, Virginia, Burnside ordered his troops to attack. After the two sides traded fire, Lee had his soldiers fall back, leaving the town to Burnside. The Confederates dug in at the crest (top) of a treeless hill above Fredericksburg. There, they waited for the Yanks. As Union soldiers moved forward, Confederate guns mowed them down by the thousands. Six times Burnside ordered his men to charge. Six times the rebels drove them back. Southerners could hardly believe the bravery of the doomed Union troops. “We forgot they were fighting us,” one southerner wrote, “and cheer after cheer at their fearlessness went up along our lines.” The battle was one of the Union’s worst defeats. 1. What year did the Battle of Fredericksburg take place? _____________________________________

2. Why was the Union Army intent on driving toward Richmond?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why did the Confederates cheer the Union soldiers?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Who won the Battle of Fredericksburg?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. The Battle of Chancellorsville

The following May, Lee, aided by Stonewall Jackson, again outsmarted and out-waited the Union army. This time, the battle was fought on thickly wooded ground near Chancellorsville, Virginia. Lee and Jackson defeated the Union troops in three days. After these two stunning victories, Lee and the South had great hope. Lee decided to keep the Union off balance by moving North into Pennsylvania. He hoped to take the Yankees by surprise in their own backyard. If he was successful in Pennsylvania, Lee planned to swing south and capture Washington D.C.

1. If you were a Northerner, what would you be thinking about after these two battles? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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2. How did Lee change the strategy in the South? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Who won the Battle of Chancellorsville?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. The Battle of Gettysburg

After the Battle of Antietam, General Robert E. Lee retreated to the South. There, he won a series of battles against Union troops. Happy with his successes, Lee decided to invade the North one more time, during the summer of 1863. Instead of attacking another border state, Lee decided to invade the state of Pennsylvania – far in the North. Union generals were stunned that Lee would try to invade the North again. They were unsure if he actually wanted a fight, so they let him march through Pennsylvania for several days. On July 1st, 1863, the Union finally sent an army of soldiers to meet Lee at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Lee’s army fired the first shots in what would be the turning point of the war. The battle lasted three days. At first, it looked like the Confederate Army would score a quick victory. The Confederates quickly killed 9,000 union troops and captured 3,000 more. The Union Army was so devastated that they had to call in more troops to rescue them. On July 2nd, thousands of Union soldiers poured into Gettysburg to help the United States defend its territory. They took a position on a hill in the middle of a Gettysburg field. Lee tried again and again to take over the hill, but his army was turned back every time. When night fell on July 2nd, no progress had been made – although thousands upon thousands of soldiers had died. On July 3rd, Lee tried again to take over the hill. This time, though, the Union troops ran down the hill, killing Confederate soldiers as they went. The Confederates had lost so many men during the course of the battle that they were unable to defend themselves. Lee was forced to retreat back to the South. His army was broken and battered, and he was unable to give the Union Army a serious fight for the remainder of the war. The Battle of Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle in American history. Over 45,000 men were thought to have died from both sides. Abraham Lincoln gave is famous “Gettysburg Address” to commemorate the lives of the dead. After the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union won a series of decisive victories. Generals William Sherman and Ulysses S. Grant each scored major victories and began to sweep through the South. Tired, battered, and defeated, the Confederate States of America surrendered less than a year later – on April 10, 1865.


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1. After what happened at Antietam, why did General Lee try to invade the North again? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who won the Battle of Gettysburg? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What happened in the Civil War after the Battle of Gettysburg?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What was the reason for Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why is Gettysburg considered the turning point of the Civil War? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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HOMEWORK

_____/10 Mastered/Passing/Not Mastered

CIVIL WAR BATTLE T-SHIRTS

Directions: Congratulations! You have been hired as a T-Shirt designer for the National Civil War Memorial Society, a group dedicated to preserving Civil War Battlefields and Memorials for future generations to experience. Your task is to create a T-Shirt for one of the Civil War Battles listed below. You t-shirt should resemble the type of t-shirt you would buy at a concert; it should be “flashy” but still include the important information about the event.

Your t-shirt must include the following items

• Name of the Battle (Your t-shirt title)

• Date(s) of the Battle (Day, Month and Year)

• Casualties of the Battle (for both Union and Confederate)

• The outcome of the battle (Union Victory or Confederate Victory)

• At least one picture of the battle

The battles you will choose from are:

Battle of Bull Run Antietam Chancellorsville

Fredericksburg Gettysburg


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