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The Civil War Causes

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Page 1: Civil War Causes

The Civil WarCauses

Page 2: Civil War Causes

DIFFERENCESEconomic & Social

Page 3: Civil War Causes

Similarities

• Both depend on slavery/cotton

• “Small farmers” make up majority in both regions

• Most people in the two regions do not own slaves

• Both are racist

• North is changing: progressing• Industrialization/urbanization

• 4 million slaves in South (40% of population)

• South supports States’ rights • the right to declare National

Laws unconstitutional

• Lifestyles of people• North = Urban

• South = Rural

Differences

Page 4: Civil War Causes

ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES

Page 5: Civil War Causes

North

• Developed an industrial

economy based on

manufacturing

• Favored high protective

tariffs

• to protect Northern

manufactures from foreign

competition

• Industrializing and

Urbanizing

• 90% of U.S. Manufacturing

occurs in North

• Northern economy diverse

Page 6: Civil War Causes

The South

• Agricultural based economy

• Consisted of a slavery-based plantation system in the lowlands of the Atlantic and in the Deep South

• Subsistence farmers in foothills and valleys of Appalachian Mountains

• Opposed tariffs, made the price of manufactured good s more expensive

• 1790s old cash crops dying out

• By 1850 Southern Economy booming

WHY?

• Growth of “King Cotton”

• Cotton Gin

• Indian Removal = farm land

• British Textile industry

• Profitability of cotton led to increase need for slaves

Page 7: Civil War Causes

North South Advantage

Population 21.5 million 9 million

Factories 110,000 20,000

Miles of RR 22,000 9,000

Money $207 Million $47 Million

Cotton 4,000 bales 5,000,000 bales

Protective

Tariffs

Supported Against

States Rights Against Supported

Page 8: Civil War Causes

Slavery’s Growth

• 1783 every state had slaves

• By 1800 almost every Northern state had abolished slavery

• 1846 no slavery in the North

• In the South Slave population doubled between 1810 and 1830

• Only ¼ of Southern Families owned slaves

• 88% less than 20

• 1% over 100

• Deep south where most of slaves are

Page 9: Civil War Causes

Slavery’s Growth

• Non-slave owning Southerners supported slavery

• Desire to own slaves and racist ideas

• By 1830s Southerners deeming as a positive institution

• Arguments were based on historical situations

• Said it was the same as Northern labor in factories

• Churches began to show it as Christian responsibility

Page 10: Civil War Causes

KEY COMPROMISES Hey…politicians put us closer to war

Page 11: Civil War Causes

New States

• The admission of new states

continually led to conflicts over the

whether the new states would allow

slavery “slave states” or prohibit

slavery “free states”

Page 12: Civil War Causes

Missouri Compromise

• The idea of Henry Clay

• Missouri = Slave State

• Maine = Free State

• Drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase Territory

• 36 30’ N

• Above the line “free states,” prohibited slavery

• Below the line “slave states” allowed slavery

• Up until 1850 there were an equal number of free and slave states, thus power in the Senate was maintained

Page 13: Civil War Causes

Compromise of 1850

California

• 1848 gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill in California

• Creates gold rush of 1849

• Rapid population increase in California

• In 1850 California wanted to come in as a free state, threatened to upset the balance of power

Page 14: Civil War Causes

Compromise of 1850

• Established 3 key provisions

• California entered the Union as a free state

• The Fugitive Slave Act required that all escaped slaves be returned to their owners

• Popular Sovereignty: or a vote of the people living in the territory would decide if the area of the Mexican Concession was to be free or slave

• Northerners ignored the Fugitive Slave Act

• The idea of Popular Sovereignty was unclear

Page 15: Civil War Causes

Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Gave the people of

Kansas and

Nebraska the right

to chose

• Popular

Sovereignty

• Repealed the

Missouri

Compromise

• This led to an event

called “Bloody

Kansas”

Page 16: Civil War Causes

Bloody Kansas

• Pro- and anti- slavery

supporters rushed to Kansas

to vote

• Fighting between pro- and

anti- slavery supporters

erupted

• Fighting even made it to the

Senate floor

• Led to the birth of the

Republican Party

• Founded to oppose the

spread of slavery

Page 17: Civil War Causes

MORE POLITICS

Page 18: Civil War Causes

State’s Rights & Secession

• Southerners argued;

• That individual states could nullify laws passed by

congress States Rights

• Remember the Example

• Nullification Crisis with South Carolina 1832

• A union that allowed state governments to invalidate

acts of the national legislature could be dissolved by

states seceding from the Union in defense of slavery

• Began to insist that states had entered the Union

freely and could leave it freely if they choose-

Secede

Page 19: Civil War Causes

Dred Scott - 1857

• Decision by the Supreme Court

• Overturned efforts to limit the

spread of slavery

• Outraged Northerners

• Decision said

• Slaves were property

• Slaves were not citizens

• Slaves have not rights

• Congress could not regulate

slavery

Page 20: Civil War Causes

Lincoln – Douglas Debates

• Lincoln joined the Republican party

• Douglass was a Northern Democrat

• Competed against each other for a U.S. Senate seat in Illinois

• Conducted a series of debates

• Lincoln opposed the spread of slavery

• Douglass favored popular sovereignty

Lincoln warned:

• “A house divided against itself cannot stand”

Page 21: Civil War Causes

Ineffective Presidents

• During the 1850s the presidents provided little help

in keeping the nation together

• Due to this lack of leadership most of the

compromises will fail and the country will divide

Page 22: Civil War Causes

Millard Fillmore 1850-53

• Compromise of 1850

passed

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Published

Page 23: Civil War Causes

Franklin Peirce 1853-57

• Kansas Nebraska

Act passes

• Bleeding Kansas

Page 24: Civil War Causes

James Buchanan 1857-61

• Dred Scott Decision

• John Browns Raid

• Failed to stop

South Carolina’s

Secession

Page 25: Civil War Causes

Rise of the Republicans

• Due to the growing issue of slavery the Whig party

began to die

• In 1854 the Republicans will emerge as a sectional

party with Whig beliefs (pro business & strong

government), but opposed the growth of slavery

• The presidential election of 1856 showed the rapid

growth of the party and that they may be able to win

an election without getting a single vote in the South

Page 26: Civil War Causes

ABOLITION

Page 27: Civil War Causes

The Abolitionist Movement

• Grew in the North

• Led by William Lloyd

Garrison

• Published The Liberator,

an anti-slavery

newspaper

• New England religious

leaders began to preach

slavery as a violation of

Christian Principals

Page 28: Civil War Causes

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Written by Harriet

Beecher Stowe, wife of

a New England

clergyman

• Best seller in the North

• Inflamed abolitionist

sentiment in the North

• Scared the south,

because of growing

strength of movement

Page 29: Civil War Causes

The Underground Railroad

• Ran by abolitionist

• A system where slaves

would escape the south

and head North

• Journeys were generally

at night, on foot, and

from satiation to station

• Harriet Tubman:

famous “conductor”

Page 30: Civil War Causes

Slave Revolts in VA

• Nat Turner’s Revolt

• Gabriel Prosser’s

Revolt

• Slave revolt in Virginia

• Feed white

Southerners fears

about rebellions

• Led to harsh fugitive

slave laws

• Southern abolitionist

were forced into

silence

Page 31: Civil War Causes

John Brown’s Raid

• John Brown extreme

abolitionist, used

violence

• Oct, 16, 1859 raided

arsenal at Harpers Ferry

• Trying to get guns to

slaves

• Captured, tried and hung

• Turned into a martyr

Page 32: Civil War Causes

The Final Split

Page 33: Civil War Causes

The Election of 1860

• The Democrats divided into 2 factions

• Northern = Popular sovereignty

• Southern = Total support of slavery

• This gives the Republicans a chance at victory

• Lincoln (Republican) won

• Wasn’t even on the ballot in 11 of the 16 southern states

Page 34: Civil War Causes

The Election of Lincoln

• Southerners feared he would abolish slavery

• Before he took office South Carolina and 6 other Southern states seceded (December 1860)

• They formed the Confederate States of America

• Elected Jefferson Davis President

Page 35: Civil War Causes

SLAVERY’S ROLE And other causes

Page 36: Civil War Causes

Slavery’s Role

• Slavery as a MORAL issue did not cause War

• Slavery as a symbol of differences between North and

South caused war…for most people, war was not about

slavery…but, about life itself

Page 37: Civil War Causes

Slavery’s place

• Slavery is imbedded in southern system

• Politically: planters run government

• Economically: slavery intertwined with cotton and profit

• Socially: slavery defines basic values (independence,

freedom, land ownership, social status)

Page 38: Civil War Causes

Other Causes

• Westward expansion

• States’ rights

• Extremists

• Collapse of the political system

Page 39: Civil War Causes

BY 1861 WE ARE ON THE

DOORSTEP OF WAR