The Civil WarThe Civil War©Bergonzi©Bergonzi

Opening ShotsOpening Shots

► The first official battle of the American Civil The first official battle of the American Civil War was the First Bull Run or first Manassas.War was the First Bull Run or first Manassas.

► The union named the battles after natural The union named the battles after natural boundaries (rivers, lakes, hills)boundaries (rivers, lakes, hills)

► Confederates named it after man made Confederates named it after man made structuresstructures

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Two Sides, different Two Sides, different strategiesstrategies

SouthSouth

1.1. They had the most They had the most experienced experienced GeneralsGenerals

2.2. They were fighting They were fighting for a strong belieffor a strong belief

NorthNorth1.1. They were ahead They were ahead

of the south in of the south in industrializationindustrialization

2.2. Most railroads Most railroads were owned by the were owned by the union (easier to union (easier to transport troops)transport troops)

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Union Battle PlansUnion Battle Plans

► The union’s original plan for winning the war The union’s original plan for winning the war was called the anaconda plan.was called the anaconda plan.

► The idea was that the union would cut the The idea was that the union would cut the south off from any foreign nation by building south off from any foreign nation by building a Blockade. a Blockade.

► The problem was that the plan was used it The problem was that the plan was used it would make the war last even longer then it would make the war last even longer then it really was (4 years)really was (4 years)

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Important Confederate Important Confederate GeneralsGenerals

►Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee►Thomas “StonewallThomas “Stonewall” Jackson” Jackson► J.E.B. StuartJ.E.B. Stuart► James LongstreetJames Longstreet►George E. PickettGeorge E. Pickett

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Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

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Thomas JacksonThomas Jackson

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J.E.B StuartJ.E.B Stuart

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James LongstreetJames Longstreetguess what he has?guess what he has?

A Beard© Bergonzi

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

►Head General for the confederate Head General for the confederate army in the army in the Eastern Eastern theater, Army of theater, Army of Northern VirginiaNorthern Virginia

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FredericksburgFredericksburg

Gods and Generals

J.E.B. StuartJ.E.B. Stuart

►Given The title “The Eyes of General Given The title “The Eyes of General Lee”Lee”

►Specialized in reconnaissance (recon) Specialized in reconnaissance (recon) missions.missions.

Battles in the Eastern Battles in the Eastern TheaterTheater

► 11stst Bull Run Bull Run► 7 days campaign7 days campaign► AntietamAntietam► FredericksburgFredericksburg► 22ndnd Bull Run Bull Run► ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville► GettysburgGettysburg► Wilderness CampaignWilderness Campaign► PetersburgPetersburg

11stst Bull Run Bull Run

► The battle of Bull The battle of Bull Run (battle of Run (battle of Manassas) was led Manassas) was led by Gen. Irvin by Gen. Irvin McDowell (union) McDowell (union) and gen. Robert E. and gen. Robert E. Lee (confederate)Lee (confederate)

► McDowell deploys a small piece of his army on the McDowell deploys a small piece of his army on the Centreville Plateau, hoping to occupy the attention of Centreville Plateau, hoping to occupy the attention of the Confederate army just to the south while his main the Confederate army just to the south while his main force(force() executes a long flanking march to the west.) executes a long flanking march to the west.

► Johnston sees the trick for what it is and urges Johnston sees the trick for what it is and urges Beauregard to move most of his men to Henry House Beauregard to move most of his men to Henry House Hill to blunt the enemy attack. The fighting is fierce Hill to blunt the enemy attack. The fighting is fierce along this line all day, especially on the Confederate along this line all day, especially on the Confederate right where Stonewall Jackson’s Virginians(right where Stonewall Jackson’s Virginians() make a ) make a valiant stand.valiant stand.

► A Confederate relief army under Bixby arrives by A Confederate relief army under Bixby arrives by rail and reinforces the Confederate defenses. rail and reinforces the Confederate defenses.

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Story TimeStory Time

►People had never seen a battle (wars People had never seen a battle (wars had been fought on foreign ground)had been fought on foreign ground)

►People brought picnics like it was People brought picnics like it was going to be a duelgoing to be a duel

►This battle is also were Thomas This battle is also were Thomas Jackson earned the name “Stonewall”Jackson earned the name “Stonewall”

Antietam (Sharpsburg)Antietam (Sharpsburg)

►Union troops led by George McClellan. Union troops led by George McClellan. Confederate troops led by Robert E. LeeConfederate troops led by Robert E. Lee

►Nicknamed the bloodiest day in Nicknamed the bloodiest day in American HistoryAmerican History

►some say it was a victory for both sides.some say it was a victory for both sides.

Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Fredericksburg

► The new Union general was Ambrose BurnsideThe new Union general was Ambrose Burnside

► he sacrificed thousands of soldiers to win the battle.he sacrificed thousands of soldiers to win the battle.

► Burnside tried to capture the Confederate defensive Burnside tried to capture the Confederate defensive hill, Marye’s Heights.hill, Marye’s Heights.

► he sent wave after wave but with no result.he sent wave after wave but with no result.

► once again the union lost another battle to the once again the union lost another battle to the south.south.

Battle of ChancellorsvilleBattle of Chancellorsville

► A victory for both sides.A victory for both sides.

► The Union lost the battle, but the The Union lost the battle, but the Confederacy lost something far more Confederacy lost something far more important. They lost Thomas “Stonewall” important. They lost Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.Jackson.

► Jackson didn’t die from the battle. he died on Jackson didn’t die from the battle. he died on the way back from the battle and got shot by the way back from the battle and got shot by his allies, Friendly Fire.his allies, Friendly Fire.

Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg

►The turning point battle in the Eastern The turning point battle in the Eastern Theater.Theater.

► lasted for three days (July 1st- July 3rd, lasted for three days (July 1st- July 3rd, 1863)1863)

Day 1 (Gettysburg)Day 1 (Gettysburg)

►General Buford prevented the General Buford prevented the Confederate army from gaining Confederate army from gaining strategic locations.strategic locations.

Day 2 (Gettysburg)Day 2 (Gettysburg)

► Union Colonel, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Union Colonel, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, made a brave stand on the hill, Little Round made a brave stand on the hill, Little Round TopTop

► If he lost that hill the whole union line would If he lost that hill the whole union line would crumblecrumble

► Towards the end he was short on ammunition. Towards the end he was short on ammunition. so he ordered a bayonet charge, which in the so he ordered a bayonet charge, which in the end prevented the Confederate troops from end prevented the Confederate troops from taking Little Round Top.taking Little Round Top.

Day 3 (Gettysburg)Day 3 (Gettysburg)

► Both sides had already lost 9,000 soldiers.Both sides had already lost 9,000 soldiers.► General Lee knew today they had to break General Lee knew today they had to break

through the union defensesthrough the union defenses

► He ordered a Charge, led by George Pickett, He ordered a Charge, led by George Pickett, which was a complete slaughter of which was a complete slaughter of Confederate troops. (reverse from what Confederate troops. (reverse from what happened at Fredericksburg)happened at Fredericksburg)

► The Union had Finally won a battle. The Union had Finally won a battle.