Civil WarNation Torn Apart

SSUSH9

Moving to War

Kansas-Nebraska Act:– Created 2 new territories north of 36º30’

parallel– Kansas and Nebraska

– Popular sovereignty (vote) decided issue of slavery

– Overturned Missouri Compromise

– “Bleeding Kansas”• Proslavery Missourians “Border Ruffians”

crossed state line into Kansas to claim land, hoped to make Kansas a slave state

– Rigged elections, recruited family and friends to cast illegal ballots, voted multiple times

• Abolitionists from north create “free-soil” towns

• Border Ruffians and free-soilers start own civil war in Kansas for power

Dred Scott Decision:1840’s - Slave in Missouri Sued to be free

had lived with owner in free state above 36º30’ parallel

1857 - Supreme Court refused to hear case

only citizens can file suit, slaves were property

Missouri Compromise was illegal

Government can not restrict movement of private property between states

Northern v Southern Reaction

What do you think reactions were?South

Southerners praised decision

NorthNortherners were horrified

Thousands protested

Some northern states nullified the decision

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

• John Brown– 1859– 20 men to federal arsenal in

Harper’s Ferry, Virginia – hoped to start a slave

rebellion– Did not mention to slaves –

none rose up– trapped in arsenal by Federal

troops– Arrested, tried and hung

Northern v Southern Reaction

• Southerners glad he was punished

• Became a national hero and patriot to Northerners• Reaction shocked South

Election of 1860 and Secession

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860PresidentialElection

1860PresidentialElection

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional Union

John BellConstitutional Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

1860 electionLincoln wins by majority

South Carolina legislature votes to secedeElected President who was hostile to

slavery

February 1860Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama,

Louisiana, and Texas follow

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Federal fort off South Carolina coast South Carolina demand immediate

withdrawal of U.S. troops Lincoln refused South Carolina militiamen shelled fort

until the Union commander surrendered

Fall of Sumter convinced Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia to secede

1st battle of Civil War

THE WAR HAD BEGUN!!

Border States

Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky and Missouri remained loyal to Union

West Virginia seceded from Virginia and joined Union as free state

Geographically split North from South

Would allow Union to show that slavery would still be allowed in Union

Civil WarBrother against Brother

Comparing North & South

Resource Union Confederate

Population 22 million 9 million

Railroads 21,700 miles 9,000 miles

Factories 110,100 20,600

Confederate Advantages

Military strategy: Superior military leaders No need to attack, just

avoid defeat

Morale: Most white southerners

willing to fight to protect their way of life.

Captive labor force Hope for help from

Europe

Union Advantages

Far more resources!

Large scale industrialization

Enormous population

More weaponry

Efficient Navy

What was Lincoln willing to do to save the country?

• Suspend constitutional rights!

1. Suspended writ of habeas corpus (protection against unlawful imprisonment)

a. Government arrested suspected Confederate sympathizers and held without trial

b. Declared martial law in 1861

2. Order naval blockade of all Southern ports

3. Increase size of army

4. Authorized illegal voting methods in border states

Key Figures

Ulysses S. Grant:Abolitionist &

Union commanderGraduated West

Point

Gained military experience in Mexican-American war

2 term president of U.S.

William T. ShermanUnion general

Headed the slash and burn March to the Sea

Gained good military experience in the Mexican-American war

Other jobs: banker, lawyer, college superintendent, Commanding General of US Army

Robert E. LeeGraduated West

Point top of his classColonel in U.S. ArmyVirginianGained military

experience in Mexican-American

war

Harper’s Ferry Raid

Commander of the Confederate Army

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson:Respected leader

of ConfederatesGained military

experience inMexican-

American war

Seemed to stand like a stone among fighting

Died 1863

Jefferson Davis American soldierU.S. Senator for

MississippiU.S. Representative for

MississippiU.S. Secretary of WarGraduated from West

PointFought in the Mexican-

American WarPresident of the

“Confederate States of America”

Battles, Speeches and Proclamations

AntietamSeptember 1862

Maryland

bloodiest day of the Civil War

13,000 Confederates, 12,000 Union soldiers died

Union victory!

Convinced Britain and France not to support Confederates

Emancipation ProclamationSeptember 1862Lincoln declared:

All slaves behind Confederate lines free

Did not free slaves in border states

Allowed free blacks to join Army and Navy

180, 000 free blacks served in Army30,000 served in Navy (1 in 4

sailors)

Siege of Vicksburg

Grant try to break forces in Vicksburg, MS Could not break decided to wait until starved

the Confederates out

Surrender of Confederates on July 4, 1863

Gave Union control of Mississippi River

Split Confederacy in half geographically

Gettysburg:3 days of bloodiest

fighting

Ended July 4, 1863

Turning point in war

50,000 dead both sides

Union victory, weakened Confederates

Gettysburg Address: “Four score and seven

years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…”

Outcome of war of utmost importance because it would prove to entire world if democracy can work

*dedicate portion of the battlefield as a cemetery

Gettysburg Address ends with…

“We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Sherman’s March to the Sea:1864Ordered by Grant Go to Deep South and

destroy everything Union occupies Atlanta

and cuts off Confed. supplies

March to the SeaBurned Atlanta, marched toward Savannahdestroying everything

(homes, crops, railroads) along the way,

seized Savannah and moved north to Charleston, South Carolina

Surrender

• April 1865 Grant’s forces break through Lee’s defenses

• Burned Confederate capital at Richmond

• Confederates half starving and out gunned, Lee decides to surrender

• Lee unconditionally surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865

• Southerners given food for march home

• Union troops capture Jefferson Davis and others as they try to flee Virginia

THE WAR WAS OVER!

Casualties

623,000 People died in the Civil War!

More than any other war combined,Vietnam, American Revolution,

World War II, Korean War, etc….