1. Civil War1861 - 1865

2. Difference Between North and South
North
Industries
Large population
Transportation-supplies
Opposed slavery
Ability to raise $$ (taxes)
South
Raw materials
Knowledge of territory
Leadership--generals
Slave labor
Causeway of life

3. Missouri Compromise
Missouri requested admission to Union
11 Slave, 11 Free States
Upset balance in Senate
Missouri Compromise --
Maine admitted as free state
Missouri admitted as slave state
Rest of Louisiana Territory split
36 30 north latitude (southern border of Missouri)
North of linefree
South of lineslavery legal

4.

5. Nullification Crisis
Tariffs on Imports 1824 & 1828
Hurt Southern economy
Loss of inexpensive British imports
Forced to buy expensive Northern goods
Felt North getting rich off South
John Calhoun developed nullification theory
Constitution established by sovereign states
States still sovereign
Have right to determine Congressional acts unconstitutional
South Carolina declares tariffs null and void within state
Couldnt get support from other Southern states
South Carolina did get tariffs lowered
Proved a single state could force its will on Congress

6. Statehood for California
Gold Rush caused California population to grow
Applied for statehood as free state
Compromise of 1850
California admitted as free
No slavery restrictions on rest of Mexican cession
Slave trade abolished D.C., not slavery
New fugitive slave law passed
Threats of southern secession became more frequent

7.

8. Fugitive Slave Act
Allowed owners to hunt down runaways
Accused runaways sent back to South
Hurt Southern cause
Newspaper accounts changed attitudes
Previously indifferent Northerners now hostile
Northerners actions increased
Led to Underground Railroad

9.

10. Conflicts Lead to Secession

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Settling the Great Plains
Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted to settle Nebraska Territory allowing slavery issue based on popular sovereignty
Problem: Kansas and Nebraska territory lay north of Missouri Compromise line
Solution: divide territory
Nebraska in north next to free state Illinois
Kansas in south just west of slave state Missouri
Significance of Act repealed Missouri Compromise

12.

13. Dred Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott
slave living in Missouri
taken by owner to free states to live for a while
returned to Missouri
1854 sued in federal court for
believed since had lived in free territory, should be free
federal court ruled against him
Appealed to Supreme Court
ruled against him
since not a citizen, did not have right to use court system
living in free state does not make him free

14. Dred_Scott_Case_1min19sec

15. Harpers Ferry
Abolitionist John Brown planned insurrection
Help slaves break free from masters
Needed weapons to give to slaves
Oct. 16, 1859 led a band of men into Harpers Ferry, Virginia
goal to seize the federal arsenal and start a slave uprising
Federal troops put down rebellion
authorities tried Brown and sentenced to death by hanging

16. Harpers Ferry contd
Effects:
Strengthened abolitionists feeling in North
Boosted abolitionist movement
Turning point for South
Viewed as proof Northerners were plotting to murder slave holders
Caused South to plan for war

17. Lincoln Elected President
1860 Presidential election
Abraham Lincoln, Republican candidate
pledge to halt the further spread of slavery
reassured the Southerners that he would not interfere with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves
Viewed as enemy by many Southerners
Lincolns victory leads to Southern secession
less than half the popular votes
no electoral votes from the South
saw his victory as a loss of political voice in national govt

18. Secession
South Carolina seceded Dec. 20, 1860
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
Formed the Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis elected President
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
Confederacy demanded Union troops leave fort
Confederates attacked fort April 1861
forced Union to surrender
marks beginning of Civil War

19. Significant Battles
First Battle of Bull Run
Significance
Made it clear North needed large, well-trained army to defeat the South

20. Significant Battles
Antietam
Significance
Bloodiest 1-day battle in American History; convinced Lincoln time had come to end slavery

21. Significant Battles
Vicksburg
Significance
Cut the Confederacy in two

22. Significant Battles
Gettysburg
Significance
Turning point in East; Union victory ensured Britain not recognize Confederacy as nation

23. Emancipation Proclamation
Sept 1862 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Freed all enslaved persons in states still at war with the Union after Jan 1, 1863
Only applied to those states within Confederacy
Border states could still have slaves
Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and Delaware were slave states that remained in the Union
Proclamation gave war moral purpose
Moving away from secession issues to a war to free slaves

24. The War Ends
April 9, 1865
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
surrendered to
Union General Ulysses S. Grant
at Appomattox Courthouse

25. Civil War Amendments(Civil Rights Amendments)
Thirteenth Amendment - abolished slavery
Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States
Fifteenth Amendment granted suffrage (voting rights) to African American males

26. Reconstruction
Rebuilding of the South
Physically, economically, politically
Military districts were created to help bring order to South
Southern states had to write new constitution and ratify 14th Amendment before allowed back in Union
South could never return to pre-Civil War status

27. Cause and Effects of Civil War
Conflicts over slavery issues
Economic differences between North and South
Election of Lincoln
Secession of Southern states
Attack on Ft. Sumter
Abolishment of slavery
Reconstruction of the South
Nation reunited
Civil Rights laws passed