civilization (2014) coure

8/10/2019 Civilization (2014) Coure

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Deorac is o govent whh e ouc of wer oaes om e po pl,

wo pcat i oitic li itr ct or ni tly u g h r sn taiv e. T

e d eo te eek K ( " pe "powe o

we f e e)

emocacy aeaed e G r se Ahns the 6 e n BC (ee i

oseed e rdle o dca he ision twee ies d oe s

f ve nds uc the tig o hiosohs of e Aq such Pto

d e Te e peie ecr opse e s of eet wee

owe w e by an ivdal (auocrc) o b a op o w (olih e oept of

eoccy was ao as at of chy the bee o a o

ovnt Dg te Aq ot o a u tocacis w e b desoi d

a ns wo o ihout e asent of e peo e mocic f

oen w bt d n p b w pople c a i e

gent pubi i

Th sncton t a te Aqut et s ge s s

so eo o mde era. Ne eeai ve d e e e- � . ·

of o n h s sed en sociated w jo otion o tocrcy wil teoep of r bi o oe caes oiae t ac d sic e mes.

Hr y

he one o eocacy eolv ouh e ees We dng Aii

ever aes lowe thei izs o p eenta l i pbi l te es

oe in la e ae sseni eres wc e· ie he mode

onept ema T e v en if th e ema ilu d e pni e f

lcons, a we p of e ci wme, enes las c, md

xlue o iti . Li k eie e R Re pu blic w emc c r n

tnt w cs of vius wr rt om cv

Md Age fu wa bd o ne rs kn d t pe r dmoraic ricpe. se oma by nb e c

oo pop not hav a he pois d xcld om a.

Democracy And Forms Of Government : 1/ 1/2



Wn oces merg asg r a rdc of ar of gs ore

jtc ty ce mbs o e no , sg (g Maa C 2

Eg)

Pcls wc wee r ld o t oncpt of eoca st p

17 centy, t e Egls Rolto (49 w pep u o

ques te aboute oer ocs The Bll of R at s aop

68 cideraly ree h per f he gish g d arked th gnng

it ch i rta The res f Erop hor conud o le nr he

dsos of absoe ch. cey a osoers e

ecssy orgzg pll ssts t wo t i ac h sic rgts

e eia cc o e bs po on d

hlers e ngt l otse, Vlre Ra wet d

hd w he ed r oe ptica rigs r coo o hee viede r ec le as an laed set roe n gg t

eve ch ee ce r th e "

e Aerc rev f 5 d Frenc eolto f 189 e at gtg rd f

cal we h prd h pepe m the mos sc f gs t he r

Deci Inpece (776 e rec eclao o Rg o (1789)

ncded esenial rcle eaed to e atual gt en d eiced e

ecc e t wre gi b slhd aed Hr th U.S

Cs eied lave Nai ericn litc s le he r

sii ce lay n d eto r

he eocrc s a exst tda Eure er e 19 d 20t n

e e s e a acqe e rig o ce he rretvs d er

gve a he ulc lf (g.: I B wrkn lae se a

re e oti sse at e ed t 9 cntu, h ea ll res we; i e Ud Se woe r te he igh o ve o 190)

2 F g

er co e eeal of gvnt g poltca yes

- o ot hich mo ( K or Q) rs es f go l os h ol t

emes y r monc cal empor. E.: Rm p ol Rm




Eme s mie, etc oee in me aicla e ocs conlling

ol on oy e e em eor

s e to div d ochis o abolu o cottin oe oe

nde e Ui Kdo, Sa, e Nee, Begi Swede a, d

Seen os o e oce l in x t oda ae oe tou e t

om ble o ontituoa Ho abole onc r t nt g: Sad

A a bia ) n og y ae od u p arat d poa inttuto

as r lamen; thse otis lgisaure e coie ad o pla a

ybolc re g.: Kn go ofB, Sulat ofBe e

A ohy o b iary tiv. W ost o e oito

a hr ee ks ad epos were eete o he d

d o tt hei e h w e c h cin Greek city of

pa ere gs we a or di to e ra In he Mdd Ae

Em of Roa Epe ws e by all onil a e Die

o r v f v or e de k do of

aoda Ma sa .

- grchy i std o a l up lly t it o mpo

a of a or u Sva et reek itis g b ro of

-puy e aiy ( of Co� Tb, et I M

Ages Ra e F e hd b e o

) d Mi w eld by Ho o Sa) we odd to be oices.

A b (a olo: rs publca o "pub a" e s oo o

govn n v y a. Ru r u vde o pr esde t a rbc (g.:

Utd s Fc, t ) l n ub .g.: Gy, al Tur,

et) I a p a b v por exeid by Pre wh s ao

h o st e a e o x t v a in ubc

prnt a a s a doe not ov te on; this s sy done b p

atin as ha of gov. I lie rpb ao, e exci

bc s d acobl to he leisl tve bc (le n t )

- A npali i a t o d b a n ts he of So

dedn p pa tes toy d ipay o onac d e nii of

Le




- ocr cy o eet wh r eal ower e ds o ego us e

Eg e V t he te Ppe s e he s I hee e e o stte belns o

he Ir le d h the ttle of Aya toll et.

A d c t oship s st whre e u ove bly, o osu pe n t or

the pple I s k sae e ee s cl despt d d l

g e o n t uuly vote ere ve bee ner dashps ouu so

tey he be sve s e pu bs, mo es, ep es, ce, e

Ta s c t oh p wee e stte hls aho o t res o f so e

d seks t y to conol ll es of ubc bt lo volves tsel o the te

e. Oly o polc emes hve bee decbd by pl c lyss beg

o: N Gy d S's oe o

3) Demcracy

Doy o ee hch pe eted o t pe ple d wic e

ep ee t ves of e eole e accng cstuns esblish ed le b

e ce o deocc h m e cae ve ae

c cscs u s e e in h d l h, b o e ens e o a, jc eq ulity of citze d s ubjec s ee f e, te eem

o osp the eeo o soca io e eem t pe t o dec

or cp ema e people re re vve e ecs-mkg ess s

t e p c te de, eq e nly u ee o pio n o ws e

emet of e cnry s ye of e cy s ud ps of zed

eleie e y te m the people p pae po ic l l tou e

electo of erestve The lte gove te coy e e te eoe wo ave

em o oc e

A co s tu o e o he bsic ule rerdg e r oveet s se

u d orgz It gerlly tes t e o sgle de omsg sevr ces

Wie ot te conio o e wo e e a le docen (eg e US

Cou F Cut, t) ere e exeps I B e ee

is s gle ocue clle e csu e severa ws, t es co ce dstoc pes, w, e , se a oo




prctca tes demc i ipeene tgh he apaon of i epts uc

as san o pows, cecks ae, ec. Te inie sean o owers hls

govee sou e ded into sepae bhes rder to aid e cnceai

f owr o a sge ad A dea seao owes s te dvsn f gvee

nt ee es e legsatve c te exee bc e judcial bc.

- Fi le of a gsae bc: egisat an aopt s e tio h s a e

he of a gilaie rc is say aed a pimen o a

rle o eev ch o efe e las ped b the legsave bc.

resdenta reubcs pesen s at e o e ectve c.

t ol o a ucia br: to eet h as an appl he o eah se

ces a sre o s te e e uca bc

Eac hese chs hud ae ce e ws Ac to ptca

ys e r emor a cl diion of owes des no exis eween

t banc o gove Ce an baces is a rcipe ord c ec

ba o goveen so oro 'd ce he oe bces ai anyoe c

exceeg ts p

Amos e aues saed y e pe b p� f Wee iviizin ae te es I

con asects k c o ecract Iee deocrac vs av bece

einge ee ce as s pe

p pe cnee o ia sem

e ee o e abse In he e eocrac hs a bcme

ld s scl a nm u ous rne, els ee a




Cc

- The Constiual Mrcy

outoal mo ah a moc of ot i w hc t oer o t

a imted. i om a aot moh in t absolute monarcs o lis o o Th ostn o poeso a o moc al

oga o otuo it ·n o ien. oion i gener i

as a on cdin p n \ch th oitca sste of a st i blt

an s en ogzto o t sstem of oet Ulik Uied

Stt n o os t dos o hav sn e ocu all th conto as

a b o As o l stauts he odd ru, ui ctos cot

cas d g pcde e as onsn

a consi oa o is i hd o pliamnt, \ xs

uho og h wok o t i t oh s Ban

sc t d o ts ot fr r po a

o Pa E o is d of stt n s o t

o; s o nse by d of ove ( m a vou

te of th oc n poa i a s as r

no-paan

T Bs ah

1) Hia Su

Kgo o Get Br d Noe Iad (oo rd to s

no UK) s t ae of idepnet s h ic oris

d, coand Was d o Idh Bs ae d o h glish

os Weh an t oe se UK is a cosoa moacy s

o sa Qe h . was e er no o h u coi:

- oh t e e nqe by the ns 1285 th oc o bew

lnd an oy 136

Political Concepts : 1/ 6/2



: A of Unio betwn Wa s an Egad.

- In 03 King Jes V of Scolad bm king o E gland h o J m s . Tis

mrkd t egi of Gra Ban Alhouh El ad Sotland t s

ocl un on bn o oies o too c i 70.

0: Act Uon bew Englad S

- As r Irelad, glh cquest be in 169 a w oed by equ d

io. Evn tough th nl ih ki y VI a tyl h g of Iread i

542, o ol o oo p v gld d Ia nd unt te 9 ry

80 A of Un Ga Bn I. Th at mark craon of th

Kng a B d Ild er te F S

2 a pa of N rel chs a udr Biish ue, he ws

uad com Uid no G B d No Ied.

B ih ny s xd oousy h cy wh o oe o

b n a ep ic n th -17 y. t ,

i dy sc tone a a Ba

h Noan : 066-54T Pn: 4- 8

d: 6

S: - 174

e Haoe: 7 9

\Vn dsor: 90

2)The Sift om an b a Cstuolarcy

Brih mo muc vo thoug cui Dpt ct t atmpts

h n Md limi he powrs of he sh orc (.g: Ma

C), t ' l om n asout nh o a itun mchy o k

ac e of 7t c, h h o Rg w a opt .




e Maa aa Gra r (215 dout o

gl oc A a t h dva g cosdeed mslv a

o o o rt coice o er dve ri o e K Jo goe

y an a hat o h obes a o ppl. Foog

rio b th o ipott aros of iom he a ed o at docmn a

scie h r of m t a a ad the f law. ddls odo og b ded r o pp tho nce d opport to ded

ese Ma Ca i sst be a s t io t

aw s br o cssly oe e tog i ot

e e bslt po\ o t nsh ochs t aid s o te rol

oa rb stliin a istol cd a as to a ipot

oqe

Te ex pan at a i e o o o oo pce od 00 y

a I b of 1 a !d to n "

,a dou c uat be o e peop ad

o o oa o o ao. oeer t ne i o h k o

s sou a s uces a o frce Pr o e

tx o opose a ene o o co t h ron

(e te n W o Es Reouio) wch te o 6 to 69 o oa to ead n oa

o e repub w tbled s o s e Coo n

raine eisc om to 0 n t e oc a eo th Cae I

t on of e bee k eod i 0 s o s e Restor

e aes I,e ro o rl g o ue but mnc he

ovo b ren d pce s e a d sad l of

Or, o beae jo oas ud e of m L s vn

bea kow h oio Reout

he ll s i 9 s eded e pos o i d r t

e uor of e oh thre lie y th w of pt I o o

k s o oct t ig o bot Pr e eo cing

Th oetio o h la o oya tre.

T g o eoe to eto oa

obi e morh t vy e wio h t of aat

No oy ner lio o m o a s.Political Concepts : 3/ 8/2



ongs ot mp a nt a e dent onse e pce eedm o

speh Pa nd cd u n t n W of Rg

ary ad b t ostionl m on ch w ogn Pen.

y ddle f e nt, an a a n'

ada owrs; h kn did not rn ao, this wa d by ri r

nsa

En o Ba bn a ctuon nc ne t 1 ntur, ec a

ra dac o at h n o the ny d b o 0

nt o e dp e a polia e (g: Rm A of a

peeo f h p c of t majot te opu nl aqd

h o v saie at Be a a s

f wk r e h.

3) Royal Powers Pv

s d ct x Vn B n tl t

e d rle.He en oh e ha o s nl

prgativs, i h t p. F t h c ed fSat e o te C H as t t of Had

omlt a Dfn te .

C f Nio: nal o zi o f edt at d f a

mat E ngh p u n ie an rme h lon T oa

anzan i pte pola onmic o an a bn

mb

h Bs onah h gvee na ctons sh a

ni h P Mi.

Anin an e ncdin ovn ins jus orn

as ad no y of h of gland

Ong dog Pan.

rvg A t ae a oe et eas A b o

bom a n i cv oal .dn r a nd of oena bsi




Meg \Vt h Prm r.

T rc l p en d c :

Aig \V bd nd dlvd

Hoi pio r bas dr h i of rin e

Rig ors a of sa

Goin on at i o o nts

mr e owe ke r pc o i rcg and

o o k re, t x o up oy Howev,

aio ar one b r i h e o d

gen o Bai i ed i or e Mj' et.

T are o l o o e monr . F a t alys be

ua ol d a o dvi f h o he n

o Br od e bic smbol o an ; it to

au n o so t s f o it ng Brsh e a

e oo e n aii




c d Cb

he op yem exised Bn ne th emegece olia �es.Te m

- ae of te wo- sst is he re on oe bwee o

jo! ies s p ltca lf

en

min d oe

he t-0 esb tst

bee wo pi: e Wgs ores

e8 ,

e_ ls Ceive 19 cet e Labo oeai es pos-a ero

T g e Toes, wh boh eege t of he 17 ce n , were

ia ae o )

e g e oiiay io rejecd e sou r o Js I

ped te sabm f a cuional m o n c. ey vlve ito ore

pa he be o18-.

Th oies ao e a fton ar o a cal py e e

f e ce ey eprest t oylis res of_ S d voure ·

r h a cubal o e ower o f e

T dal y s a e toda n s t oJ o

s

si n be· -

e d e o. t 9 cu th Wigs vol to he el P d

ie d Cea Py I the begg h 920', Labouy ed t P n maj potc p Bri

Gra E

ena eeti diee polica pes ut p idaes eas e loer

ose o lien Tuhot iisso, he o mes e House

of Coo hv et eie one o e oe o e 2 ao olia ar. e

ae of te p h h wo mo seat Piae a gr el i inved by

vee o gv e ne i ier.

Gena eleci t e·f� of

th

l or

o rp en�vs of eop.

wo en s i te e f o Me f lien (s) Eac M

ep otency a eecto dit we e oe e re

(toy a ese on ava 670 ) he ddate avn a ajrf a nst�q ld M; Tsy�m el� tio s ko h F--

Political Parties And The Cabinet : 1/ 11/2



tho vog Sice eig el elcto ave w by

it by the Lu P .-I te201 l cto, o pa o a ov ral

m jo

seas, eadn to a g iamt ( majot ld oe sle pa)

Ce te Pay s fcd -e to oa lito wt a d pa in or to gvem �

P M

Te Pe Mser the ed f en ad the hed f te eecu rach. H t

tsk r i ben chsn b t c s t ppo m o te e

ad te at

Te : e y icdg t o pot es of e oveet; it icle

d 20 didus ses th te exeut o t e and

c < b i ste ed t

onos te got aser h dpe aencies o the cv

�

Mnise s te d f Majest's oent e ges te cont

tgt wit Ciet. Acg te a t oac t nst_J

e:

o w o c- e rn e stats d gvnt

t s eaes

- ex o e ito

o t ee o aet to cl v p r

t aed es bs hrch Engd e establhes ovel

is d s d setthoica ageda e cre Cait omites t

eet e ocs o he oeet d lt pocy co c et.

cs moc o itles age to b soe H cooses te eriod

hc t dissve aiaet ad a te utimate cson cce e salise

-w ga ecion. sese py diip rs ta mber-o

hs p ccept po vl polces




Lb

-it

r- te n t 19!ce e inr odctio n of t verl

sed ug r s 1867 1872 d 884 d cln of te r

P. Tre o d oter wr kng s oo pyd a e ro n ts cr ato.

bo Pa b es 22 te � y i

e Lab d:

Lo P is p e le. A t, it was coit t th ocilt doo

e ef tt a g v et to teee io ecomy cog to

Sociis te goet hod co u e eco shoud attp o

e o c n o ee seces (g: ee in, h cre

) Sas oppose o Cpita d Lrm i ta is gist ee d te

ic -notrfc o ovent t e cnoy. Meof e abou y bli Cit le soc nqt hs caled r ore

e o jue lc r s h sn of t �<_e lo

o a iisio he ms ach ql p wa s adiol

_comt d toeopn.

L ce ce Wee

Pvst s o poey om puc t vte ha.

N�7o ope o t to ub hds.

In 1990's he bo y uer ny Bla oert a c sh i deoy B

he te New o t dscbe th w ots of e Lbou I e

e ptsm e lter hs bed sm S pls d ptd polce

-wt csl h lb lo (eg e o h n or sed

pvtiss t exee o oo).

T p bee chczed by s jcon of trita ds

re pui of he trdtioay cloe reip be labour a ade o

I nwavous nrprnaut y a e coomy s wicl

a te o o e cri of e v lo e uece oc ha

B new at t py d the abo of us 4 of e bo

cs wh cude wod: "o fr the prdces by hn n n he ui of in. m qale dion uo om ownehp

h mn d v om e n deal d ifs o




Soais H o hl ha p s t on pstg h w ls bt so

'd ioe B' wre dl_J.

ET ug

t ouprmin th cl jus t e, imph

o le on eqiy on e a ev emen f l-b r mmber s oy It

ns to em phz the llecv pr s f

oce stly mortn fm�

Its ogns bk o 8 ce . T Conss h successo of i (he

er of e y ae t o Tes).

The Conativ ideoli:

T onave a f g oeive beee e ee

n e, and ecooc dm Accrd t Libr gen soud no

neee to e eco m t sno te roleohe

a oer e eve o -

pua tio suc h ee edon d e a l ca. Te p i i ou o

-sas-rrd tt u,H suor e

x

i t g to-

dial

-

oe o oc Coa ca emsev es y of r

pa ued a dop i p l g s a

e me of ordr, t o so ed e o poect ,

o an agve poc e Coa ve P ho at oc equ is a

a n meo a ca ivs-rent �s

Te pa vu f prvat ersp d p e of r gs. It

vo o a og ov a od n te e o eoo

Coeae a bee eedoul ac b t poces aod y Mge

che. ce s h is iciv deoo, ocal le rogr o ic o

h Brsh Cosave after afhr w

l

ce

d ld o py-n

5 Tatc

w re M se o he U Kgdo m 179 o 199. ch r al ao

Brish Consave Pe Mter h a he a hy dgc aer

'chem s upps cacrd a dsd sae even va e ee

mke enoy pva sa on s eoe es te oo io o ae uio

a etn o e z of e Wefare St of rv t os w one o

mos imort cs of hr oy mak a conas the cnoc

c e precssor.U Tae onsev ot mpe stuatd th buess as

at te ecss stash ces ap oo Br.




tts of law, defence, orer, i�dusal

elos, Tche so a on goven:

�peeg e nesJ of he oe !1 Se �e ve .I I ; ;

poes ob o Brsh e s e ¥e he e unos (eat toI

on nees) d e Wefe te (to mu ee on e sae).

e bo s l donae· pls, e en yes have wese e

ege o e e Deoat a d olcl e t

e 1980s, he Libeas ee w e l Do P (ceae 8

e e o w we e p o o cil o e of

) hve oe ko e e e

he ee 200 ge eeo, e Conseave ed o overll

j he be eos eee goee e te f lio I I

lel e be QeosMI p an ee o+ _po e e e




S

Plient s a con cep d fr gest lga tv e auy n s. Togee

te xcuv ad judci l bh, it s one of e bcs of govn t

pn, cd ise, culd be bl wi o chber ( u

c oy p e n chb (o n o s)A y m s a ysm gov e n w ch he xec u tiv e rh s

oab o legisav ranc h (m I ca d bo moncs d

epus I most p l oe repbs t hd of st v

co. Real oe s he a o o h pm e w

to e t e oe m gs e . such sy e st

dv his ecy o pen sde epbcs we e f

ev�J dec y o p

B

Pt s s egi a u U ue ale · -�

W. It os o Moc h House o (ppe s) o u (owe s) Ty oy oy mt t og w t och cls

o Cmmon o e o S Opg f Plen l

appv w ws: on c h Ls oo P n c ass r o

he U Kgdom r r a t . e s o c ton : Pe c

sa p. I c ass w a w s o ssl o hag od aw s Hoe

a tc M o P ln llow acp usms o ps o cge w

i l a p bc supo Te s p govn t d e po b f

ss o t a a hk o e u o e o po

As m b o e E open B s ctd mms o Eope

Pa and eoze Co s

of e

Parliament and the Parliamentary System : 1/4 16/2



To ass s: e e of ple il M ese s e

pblic l peg goee lc A is t

need pen, t an oe agenie. pcess o p a

vn i bo ouses Is lc ne s oce e

House Com s n s ce rag I eco ea y

e a w wks is o eae h ise i

cide i t a vot n Te b n psss tu e

Ld he a o Once b ompe is pe cee s n o

Mch r a by wch ps no a a c o plet

e Law g prces (o o c o it)

I r P ue Cn

F e or fr;ioucn f b

Sd e ( n ea pcpe)

�:o- - _s(etald cso d)

V R

d ae o

ue od

'/ r

P

2.T e oe o o r oe o cy

3 x oe po d d pc poa

o c po- �

o de e m pocal ie

5 o Eo on

U et Act e ma t 5 es b

o l ee a and eo h a eod If o

e e c nd ou ung e eecta s t app h to

od w. D d or a Geea e

i e ma by e oac n e

ce e .

e Lrd

o s esi o by he r hcr o is th p of e o




Cmpsiion:

L pit: Archbisops of Catb a Y h Bih of Lnd

D Wcese d 24 or b f e Ch f Egld

rd Tera A er pers ess (ose wo h rc e t

b b). 80

3 A h p w ha r poa b vic naion. (350-40)

oeri v i he ti) on te avice P ter

apd vic he tae, or b eca t rm ws a c

o t i the H o o (o i i iu ei ve y

Fuctn the Lrd

o

Dan cto e or h prt d deg ion

wc y b ue ck e esai p ye o

gov o ha ve a en l b. U 91 e Lo b o jt ls

pased e � Sc e e !q a y�_be_ ch_!g

faci

l so andv- ny b l la lela (ice 9 r mr oe

i bu o

T Hou of Lord cts a a s eg a gt hasy leslaion by t Cmn ad play a

coniderable roe a powe govns hi i osib bea e he a

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2 Sct o tie one maj con o e House o Coo to s e

p b pposo o gov e t's ckhers. e ae or i s

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of m wt distinct physca chactrists; te ct or conct of diion nt

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Social And Cultural Concepts : 1/5 20/2



ous h mg ae cens o vi d e o om p eopl e l

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Br ted its r ceties escly dg e 9 a 20 cs.Two jo es d brived- o e mst

p

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e ss a y oter img.

eo b y xpl t-at ela w

t n e s o 181 At-;wFee ri Stt s e 1922, s rene e r t o ener ly -sB.

D e st o 20 cen, Bi esse e v y e oeai d b e os of wel a Dung ng e 195's d 160s o m ce o er ho e oae l o ol Hues of os o as e om ne

·et oues isorse tte e ld wdde ere o by e U d ta hs o coe dede e 95' 1960',

·dng e decoozaton proce.

People o e n on te ne Cn tos o In P a e t I e to Bt o ll e u lower id obs o epn o y. ao n t bbe d e Su Aa µbn so ts

o 0 16 Mre th 60,000 In ve bee 155e nee acqd e ts ct�hp b z� e ttnbts o n y but lg e ces, ad eirions ad onid ee cre new mlii ad il Bsocty

· .

rie te wh res o e sense o ton ide o te rtsh ole con ce o U gdo.h Bnt

s se _may hatrsc ey ve the s e plic, eco n�! -

is ts. T ey spe e Elh , sw ea ce o c o a eve

s i e als of feem a d jue. T y hve b e oug cnte oy"

coo vue ybls, d ait ion. E en ug ere e m ltle e up

blev df nt rlgiu cd os, it is conid erd t ee s co mo no




wch es Biish eev ey se e e on ie e 'ess s q.Hwevr eve u eeln ·f oeld s a on

dbat xis ogt soiogis o o o e t mpic o a d'•

culs irjn i in ow c i is to ct g(: sess. !s e f sog se cl o t o

a. � _o s coex

e Bh.-

t?T a e Bti a ope in o l e c s so a expl e f delnean e cnce iisns

T gsh -9 o e els e cosh e I no av a C s ey e dsd e i e d ovr o

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d k ev a ri an e Gali till o e l usl o Sotl as, d No el av r

o n c de �

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ln rs o o an e beoning t h com.

e d oe en idenf

t t eeloso, pa� noo _

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Ppl e rit wil bal e t loa o e ys

t of i v ey in e UK So ven v vien ofs: i c hes, ice,ey l o e o oy o oi o oe coy o oin




Wie ien eni u i Bi e o elve s ooloosr on o Bs s v d ot c cloo y Br h zns spial y hose ag a non-Eope ogn.

_itsess is pe c ived y whi B sh b m a p es non o is es, dno i o wor AnoSon c of d

c aibs. Fo m Bsss sbozs cld qess d piof E n gsh re.

T s es he y wt nvs os oe whit ide e c ou pl

e i of d osii xpsse w d mee o inois9

e vn o dicu o l d e o sess o o a gl

i sh id e n. c o d o eo e ssig e n re e o n c e p t

of riiss o o g no e oio a B oc ret is a

mii of idenes e icss o et c es omposin

civilization (2014) coure

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