civilwar

THE CIVIL WAR

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENSES

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE CIVIL WAR

• STAGE ONE - 1865-1895 - NARROW AND PERSONAL

• STAGE TWO - 1900 - BROAD & INPERSONAL FORCES

• STAGE THREE - 1920S - STRESSED ECONOMIC FACTORS

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE CIVIL WAR

• STAGE FOUR - 1945-1960 - WAR WAS CAUSED BY MISGUIDED INDIVIDUALS

• STAGE FIVE - 1960S - PRESENT - SLAVERY WAS THE CAUSE

THE SLAVERY QUESTION ARISES

• 1820’S - MEXICO WINS INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN

• 1830 - MEXICO DEALS WITH AMERICAN SETTLERS

• 1836 - TEXAS DECLARES INDEPENDENCE FROM MEXICO

• SHOULD TEXAS BE PART OF THE UNITED STATES?

THE SLAVERY QUESTION ARISES

• TEXAS SEEKS TO JOIN THE UNITED STATES

• THE BOUNDARY ISSUE - RIO GRANDE VS NUEVES

• PRESIDENT JAMES POLK - EXPANSIONIST- SIDES WITH TEXAS

THE SLAVERY QUESTON ARISES

• MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR - 1846

• MANIFEST DESTINY!

• A WAR TO EXTEND SLAVERY?

• A POLITICAL CHALLENGE FOR THE DEMOCRATS

THE SLAVERY QUESTON ARISES

• THE TREATY OF JOINT OCCUPATION

• APPROPRIATING FOR WAR

• THE WILMOT PROVISO - BANS SLAVERY IN TERRITORY OBTAINED FROM MEXICO

• A POLITICAL SUCCESS!

• SLAVERY - EXPANSION VS CONTAINMENT

THE COMPROMISE OF 1850

• ZACHARHY TAYLOR - WHIG PRESIDENT

• CALIFORNIA - GOLD RUSH OF 1849 FORCES THE ISSUE

• NEW MEXICO - REMOTE TRADING POSTS

• UTAH - MORMON SETTLEMENT READY FOR STATEHOOD


• THE QUESTION OF SLAVERY ARISES

• IS GEOGRAPHY THE KEY?

• NO SLAVE STATES ARE READY

• THE BALANCE THREATENED

• TAYLOR DICTATES THE SETTLEMENT ON HIS TERMS

• THE PROCESS IGNORED


• RUNAWAY SLAVES - A STRONG FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW NEEDED?

• SLAVERY IN WASHINGTON D.C. -

• THE FAILURE OF ZACHARHY TAYLOR

• HENRY CLAY - THE GREAT COMPROMISER TO THE RESCUE


• HERE’S THE DEAL• CALIFORNIA - A FREE STATE• NEW MEXICO AND UTAH - POPULAR

SOVEREIGNTY WILL DETERMINE SLAVERY

• TEXAS WILL GIVE UP CLAIMS AGAINST MEXICO. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WILL ASSUME TEXAS DEBT


• SLAVE TRADE BANNED IN WASHINGTON D.C.

• FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW - STRENGTHEND AND ENFORCED

• THE FAILURE OF HENRY CLAY

• THE RISE OF STEPHEN DOUGLAS


• TAYLOR AND THE VETO THREAT

• TAYLOR’S DEMISE

• SOUTHERN REACTION - “ALL WE GOT WAS THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW”

• NORTHERN REACTION - “GOOD DEAL BUT WE HATE THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW”

THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

• DESIGNED TO DEAL WITH RUNAWAY SLAVES

• COMMISSIONERS TO ENFORCE

• RALLYING CRY FOR ABOLITIONISTS

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

• 1854

• PRESIDENT FRANKLIN PIERCE

• STEPHEN DOUGLAS AND HIS MOTIVES

• THE FATE OF THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

• POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY AGAIN

• TERRITORY IS SPLIT IN HALF. KANSAS AND NEBRASKA

• REPUBLICANS - A NEW ANTI SLAVERY PARTY COMES INTO BEING

• BLEEDING KANSAS - A BATTLEGROUND

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

• 1856 - VIOLENCE BEGINS

• THE CANING OF CHARLES SUMNER

• JAMES BUCHANAN - PRESIDENT?

• JOHN FREMONT - REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE

• ELECTION OF 1856 - THE DEMOCRATS HOLD ON

DRED SCOTT

• 1857

• TRAVELS FROM SLAVE TO FREE STATE

• SUES FOR FREEDOM

• SUPREME COURT- RULES THAT BLACKS HAVE NO RIGHTS. MISSOURI COMPROMISE AND POPULAR SOVERIGNTY ILLEGAL

LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES

• 1858 ILLINOIS SENATE RACE

• LINCOLN’S BACKGROUND

• THE HOUSE DIVIDED

• DID LINCOLN TRAP DOUGLAS?

• LINCOLN’S VICTORY IN DEFEAT

JOHN BROWN

• 1859

• A SOLDIER IN KANSAS

• THE PLAN FOR HARPER’S FERRY

• THE PLAN IN ACTION

• A MARTYR?

ELECTION OF 1860

• THE CANDIDATES

• WILLIAM SEWARD - THE REPUBLICAN FRONT RUNNER. IS HE TOO RADICAL?

• A MODERATE ALTERNATIVE IS SOUGHT

• LINCOLN’S IMAGE

ELECTION OF 1860

• STEPHEN DOUGLAS - DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE

• CAN DOUGLAS GET SOUTHERN SUPPORT?

• JOHN BRECKINRIDGE - THE SOUTHERN CHOICE

• JOHN BELL - A MODERATE CHOICE

ELECTION OF 1860

• LINCOLN’S SILENCE

• DOUGLAS TAKES THE THREAT SERIOUSLY

ELECTION OF 1860

• THE RESULTS

• LINCOLN 40%

• DOUGLAS - 29%

• BRECKINRIDGE - 18%

• BELL - 13%

ELECTION OF 1860

• THE RESULTS

• LINCOLN - 180 ELECTORAL VOTES

• DOUGLAS - 12 ELECTORAL VOTES

• BRECKINRIDGE - 72 ELECTORAL VOTES

• BELL - 39 ELECTORAL VOTES

SECESSION!

• SOUTH CAROLINA TAKES THE FIRST STEP

• LINCOLN’S SILENCE

• BUCHANAN’S SILENCE

• FORT SUMTER IS TAKEN

SECESSION!

• THE SCRAMBLE FOR COMPROMISE

• CRITTENDEN’S COMPROMISE

• SEWARD’S DARING PROPOSAL

• LINCOLN SETS THE TRAP

• WAR!

ECONOMIC CONFLICT

• TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION FAVORS THE NORTH

• FOOD PRODUCTION FAVORS THE NORTH

• TECHNOLOGY VS SLAVE LABOR

• MANUFACTURING FAVORS THE NORTH

ECONOMIC CONFLICT

• SOUTHERN ECONOMY HAD GROWTH. DID IT HAVE DEVELOPMENT?

• THE PARADOX OF THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY

• WHO PROFITS?

SLAVERY

• WHO PROFITS?

• COTTON AND SUGAR PLANTERS

• THE ROLE OF NON SLAVE HOLDING WHITES

• THE SLAVES?

• THE SOUTHERN DEFENSE - JOHN CALHOUN’S RATIONALE

WAR BEGINS

• LINCOLN CALLS FOR TROOPS

• WHAT ABOUT THE BORDER STATES?

• POPULATION ADVANTAGE FOR THE NORTH

• 22 MILLION - NORTHERN POPULATION

• 9 MILLION - SOUTHERN POPULATION

• 3 MILLION ARE SLAVES

WAR BEGINS!

• THE ANACONDA PLAN

• ROBERT E. LEE AND STONEWALL JACKSON

• GEORGE McCLELLAN

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

• LINCOLN’S VIEWS

• BATTLE OF ANTIETAM

• SLAVES ARE FREED IN REBEL TERRITORY

• HOW IT CHANGED THE WAR

NORTHERN ADVANTAGES

• BANKING

• RAILROADS

• NAVY

• EXPERIENCED GOVERNMENT

• POPULATION

NORTHERN DISADVANTAGES

• GOALS

• DISAGREEMENT OVER SLAVERY ISSUE

• LOSS OF BEST OFFICERS TO THE SOUTH

SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES

• ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP WITH EUROPE

• BETTER MILITARY OFFICERS

• LONG COASTLINE TO BEAT BLOCKADE

• BELIEVED IN THEIR CAUSE

• HOMEFIELD ADVANTAGE

SOUTHERN DISADVANTAGES

• SMALLER NAVY

• LONG COASTLINE TO DEFEND

• SLAVES - AN ONGOING CONCERN

• LITTLE INDUSTRY

RECONSTRUCTION

• WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IT’S OVER?

• LINCOLN’S PLAN

• THE POLITICAL CONCERNS

• STATE SUICIDE THEORY

• CONQUERED PROVINCE THEORY

• DEMOCRATS DIVIDED

LINCOLN’S PLAN

• PARDONS FOR THOSE WHO TAKE AN OATH TO THE UNION

• AT 10%, ELECT DELEGATES FOR STATE CONVENTION

• REPEAL SLAVERY AND STATE CONSTITUTION

• WAS THIS TOO LIBERAL?

CONGRESSIONAL PLAN

• MILITARY GOVENOR CONTROLS EACH STATE

• 51% MUST TAKE THE OATH

• REPUDIATE CONFEDERATE DEBT

• IRON CLAD OATH - NO ADMITTANCE FOR THOSE WHO AIDED THE REBELLION

THE RISE OF ANDREW JOHNSON

• LINCOLN’S DEATH

• JOHNSON’S BACKGROUND

JOHNSONS’S PLAN

• SOUTHERN ELECTIONS

• PARDONS FOR THE ELITE

• CONGRESS DRAWS THE LINE

• WHAT TO DO?

RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION

• FREEDMEN’S BUREAU

• 5 MILITARY DISTRICTS

• ALL ORDERS THROUGH GENERAL OF THE ARMY

• JOHNSON’S IMPEACHMENT

• CARPETBAGGERS AND SCALAWAGS

• WAS IT CORRUPT?

RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION

• WHAT ABOUT LAND?

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