ckky xfrfof/k f”kfoj - azim premji foundation · 2017-06-13 · ckky xfrfof/k f”kfoj ----- ckky...
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Ckky xfrfof/k f”kfoj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ckky xfrfof/k f”kfoj tSlk fd uke ls gh izrhr gksrk gS fd cPpksa dks dsUnz esa j[kdj fd;k
tkus okyk vk;kstu ;k dk;ZØeA ckyxfrfof/k f”kfoj cPpksa esa ,d vthc lh gypy iSnk dj nsrk
gS] tgk¡ os lc dqN tYnh&tYnh lh[k tkuk pkgrs gSaA bl rjg ds vk;kstuksa esa cPpksa dh
jpukRedrk] mRlkg vkSj ftKklk ns[krs gh curh gSA
vyx&vyx fo|ky;ksa] eksgYyksa] cfLr;ksa vkSj ifjos”kksa ds cPpksa dk ,d lkFk feyuk vius
vki esa ges”kk ,d lq[kn vuqHko nsrk gSA izkjaHk esa tgk¡ vyx&vyx ifjos”k ds cPpksa ds chp nwfj;k¡
fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa ogh nwfj;k¡ nks rhu fnuksa ds ckn nksLrh esa cny tkrh gSaA lkFk feydj dke djuk]
,d nwljs dks djhc ls tkuuk] feydj fdlh pht dks cukuk] ;s lc xfrfof/k;k¡ vyx vyx
ifjos”k ds cPpksa dks vkil esa tqM+us vkSj nksLrh djus ds volj iznku djrh gSaA
cPps ,d lkFk bdV~Bk gksa vkSj “kksj&”kjkck uk gks ;s rks gks gh ugh ldrkA ;s cky lewg
lkewfgd iz;kl ls dkSulk tknqbZ fiVkjk [kksy nsa] bldk vanktk yxkuk eqf”dy gSA cPps tgk¡ gk srs
gSa ogk¡ ges”kk gh dqN u;k gksus dh laHkkouk cuh gksrh gSA
ge cM+ksa dh le> vkSj vkSj Kku dks cPpksa us ges”kk pqukSfr fn gS] vkSj u, fljs ls lkspus
ds fy, izsfjr fd;k gSA cPpksa dh rkfdZdrk vkSj gkftj tokch vDlj gesa fu#Rrj dj nsrh gSA
tc cPpksa ds dkS”kyksa vkSj jpukRedrk ds izn”kZu dk volj vkrk gS rks os jaxksa ds vuwBs
iz;ksx ls lQsn dkxt ij D;k fp= mdsj nsa ;k uUgs gkFkksa esa dye Fkkedj fdl rjg dh jpuk
fy[k nsa] dckM+ ls fdl f[kYkkSus ;k oLrq dk fuekZ.k dj Mkysa bldk vanktk yxkuk dfBu gSA gj
cPpk vius vki esa [kkl gksrk gS t#jr gS voljksa dh ftlds vHkko esa uk pkgrs gq, Hkh cPpksa dks
viuh jpukRedrk dk xyk ?kksaVuk iM+rk gSA ge cPpksa esas eksVh eksVh fdrkcksa ds ek/;e ls uSfrdrk]
laosnu”khyrk] HkkbZpkjk vkSj lekurk tSls xq.kksa dk lekos”k djuk pkgrs gSa tcfd t#jr ,sls
voljksa dh gSa tgk¡ vyx&vyx ifjos”k ds cPps ,d lkFk feydj dqN dke djsa] ,d nwljs ds ckjs
esa tkus] ,d nwljs dks lqusA
cPpksa dh jpuk,sa muds vuqHkoksa ls mHkjdj vkrh gSa] tks mudh ftanxh vkSj lkekftd rFkk
vkfFkZd thou ls tqM+h gksrh gSaA ;s vuqHko dbZ ckj mUgs vU; cPpksa ds leku fn[kkrs gSa] rks dbZ ckj
mUgs nwljs cPpksa ls vyx [kM+k dj nsrs gSaA vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fHkUurkvksa ds ckotwn lHkh cPpksa
esa tks leku gksrk gS os gS ÞcPpkiuÞ vkSj ;gh cPpkiu muesa vuojr mRlkg dk lapkj djrk jgrk
gSA dYiukvksa ds lkxj esa xksrs yxkuk] viuh ftKklk dh “kkafr ds fy, gj laHko iz;kl djuk]
xtc dh rkfdZdrk vkSj lw{e voyksdu] laosnu”khyrk] jpukRedrk] vkRefo”okl tSls dkS”ky] xq.k
rFkk Hkko cPpksa esa dwVdwV dj Hkjs gksrs gSaA bu dkS”kyksa vkSj xq.kksa dks vxj eqdEey vk/kkj iznku
djuk f”k{kk dk vlyh edln gksuk pkfg,A
vyx&vyx ifjos”k ds cPpksa dks ,d nwljs ds vuqHkoksa dks vkil esa lk>k djus ds fy,
,d eap miyC/k djkus ds lkFk] vthe izseth Qkm.Ms”ku ds dk;Z] dk;Z”kSyh rFkk mn~ns”; dks ftyk
laLFkku ds vklikl ds yksx le> ik,sa bl gsrw ,d lkr fnolh; cky xfrfof/k f”kfoj dk
vk;kstu ftyk laLFkku /kerjh }kjk fd;k x;kA
fnukad 3 twu ls 9 twu 2013 rd ftyk laLFkku /kerjh esa cky xfrfof/k f”kfoj dk
vk;kstu fd;k x;kA lkr fnuksa rd pys bl f”kfoj esa vyx&vyx fo|ky;ksa ¼futh&izk;osV½]
dkWyksuh] >qXxh cLrh rFkk eksgYyksa ds yxHkx 110 cPpksa us iwjh f”kn~nr ds lkFk Hkkxhnkjh dhA
f”kfoj dh ;kstuk cukrs le; gesa yx jgk Fkk fd ;s NqfV~V;ksa dk le; gS] cPps ckgj x, gksaxs ;k
xfeZ;ksa esa cPpksa dk f”kfoj esa vkuk eqf”dy gksxkA bu reke pqukSfr;ksa ds lkFk geus r; fd;k fd
vxj gesa 25 ls 30 cPps Hkh feyrs gSa rks ge xfrfof/k f”kfoj djsaxsA ftyk laLFkku ds dqN lkfFk;ksa
us ;s fo”okl fnyk;k fd muds cPps Hkh f”kfoj esa “kkfey gksaxsA lkfFk;ksa dh bl ckr ls gesa mtkZ
feyhA cPpksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dks lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, geus ,d jftLVªs”ku QkeZ rS;kj fd;k vkSj
f”kfoj ds 5 fnu iwoZ “kke ds le; ftyk laLFkku ds eSnku esa [ksy 3&4 cPpksa ds lkFk ckr djrs
gq, jftLVªs”ku QkeZ forfjr fd, vkSj dgkW fd bUgs dy Hkjdj ckgj yxs ysVj ckDl esa Mky nsukA
FkksM+h nsj ckn dqN vkSj cPps jftLVªs”ku QkeZ ysus ds fy, vk,A vxys fnu ysVj ckDl esa 26 QkeZ
feysA ;s lHkh cPps ftyk laLFkku ds vklikl ds ?kjksa ls FksA buesa ls vf/kdka”k cPps izk;osV Ldwyksa
esa i<+kbZ dj jgs gSaA blds vykok ftyk laLFkku ls dqN nwjh ij tkyeiqj uked ,d >qXxh cLrh gS
tgk¡ fLFkr ljdkjh Ldwy ¼izkFkfed] ek/;fed½ esa laLFkku ds nks lkFkh vdknfed vkSj [ksy lacaf/kr
xfrfof/k;ksa ds lqn`f<+dj.k gsrq tkrs jgrs gSa vr% ml cLrh ds cPpksa dh f”kfoj esa Hkkxhnkjh gsrq ge
yksxksa us cLrh esa tkdj dqN cPpksa ls eqykdkr dh vkSj mUkesa ls dqN cM+s cPpksa dks ;s ftEesnkjh
lkSaih dh vki cLrh ds ckdh cPpksa dks blds ckjs esa tkudkjh nksxs vkSj bPNqd cPpksa ds uke dh
lwph rS;kj djksxsA vxys fnu “kke ds le; cLrh esa nksckjk tkus ij gesa Ldwy ds eSnku esa djhc
40&45 cPps feys tks igys ls gh gekjh jkg ns[k jgs FksA geus cPpksa ds lkFk f”kfoj ds laca/k esa
ppkZ dh] lkFk gh nks lkfFk;ksa us lqj{kk dh n`f’V ls ;s ftEesnkjh yh dh f”kfoj ds nkSjku os izfrfnu
lqcg 7%30 cts bl eSnku esa cPpksa dks ysus o NksM+us ds fy, vk;saxs rks lHkh cPps mUgs ;gha feysaA
vxys fnu lkseokj ¼f”kfoj ds izFke fnu½ dks rhu lewg esa 90 cPps f”kfoj esa “kkfey gksu s ds fy,
ftyk laLFkku igq¡psA bl lkr fnolh; cky xfrfof/k f”kfoj esa lkrksa fnu ds fy, tks vyx vyx
xfrfof/k;k¡ r; dh xbZ Fkh og bl izdkj Fkha %&
03 ,oa 04 twu & dckM+ ls tqxkM+
05 ,oa 06 twu & foKku dk etk
07 ,oa 08 twu & ys[ku
09 twu & izn”kZuh ¼vfHkHkkodksa ,oa cPpksa gsrq½
dckM ls tqxkM+ -------------------------------------------------izFke fnu ¼03 twu½
;w¡ rks cktkjksa esa cPpksa ds fy, dbZ rjg ds f[kykSus miyC/k gSa ftudh dher 5 #i;s ls
ysdj gtkjksa esa gS] fdUrq [kqn ds gkFkksa ls cuk, f[kykSuksa ds lkFk [ksyus dk etk gh vyx gS vkSj
mlesa Hkh f[kykSuk vxj ?kj dh fdlh lkexzh dks uqdlku igq¡pk, fcuk Qkyrw lkexzh ds bLrseky
ls cuk;k x;k gks rks D;k dguk! tSls jkg pyrs ekfpl dh fMfc;k dk fey tkuk vkSj mlls
jsaxrk gqvk dNqvk ;k Hkkxrk gqvk [kxks”k cukuk] bu f[kykSukas ds lkFk [ksyus dk viuk gh etk gSA
f”kfoj ds igys vkSj nwljs fnu cPpksa ds lkFk ,slh gh dqN dckM+ dh phtksa ls etsnkj
f[kykSus ;k ltkoVh lkexzh cukuk r; fd;k x;kA
fu;r le; izkr% 8%00 ls igys gh cPps f”kfoj LFky ij igq¡p x,A lHkh cPpksa ¼95½ ds lkFk
,d cM+s gky esa cSBdj f”kfoj ds ckjs esa ppkZ gqbZA lHkh cPpksa us viuk ifjp; fn;k] ifjp; ds ckn
,d lkFkh us cPpksa ds lkFk ,d cky dfork Þ,d NksfV lh dLrh esjs iklÞ dks xk;kA blds ckn
cPpksa ds lkFk dqN vkSj xfrfof/k;k¡ ,slh dh xbZ ftlls dh cPps FkksM+k ,d nwljs ds lkFk feDl gks
tk,sa ;k laLFkku ds lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk Hkh lgt eglwl djsaA
vkt cPpksa ds lkFk vklkuh ls feyus okyh phtksa ls larqfyr frryh uked f[kykSuk cukus
dk dke fd;k x;kA blds fy, lcls igys cPpksa nl mi lewgksa esa ckV fn;kA lewg cukrs oDr
bl ckr dk fo”ks’k :Ik ls /;ku j[kk x;k fd izR;sd lewg esa lHkh rjg ds cPpsa gksa ¼ljdkjh Ldwy
rFkk izk;osV Ldwy] dkWyksuh rFkk >qXxhcfLr;ksa esa jgus okys cPps½A vc cPpksa dks ,d&,d frryh
dk Nk;kfp= fn;k x;k ftl ij Øs;kWu dh enn ls lHkh cPpksa us viuh ethZ vuqlkj dyj fd;kA
blds ckn cPpksa dks nks nks isij fiu vkSj ,d ekfpl dh rhyh nh xbZA rhyh dks frryh ds nksuksa
ia[kksa ds chp esa uhps dh rjQ fpidkuk Fkk rFkk isij fiu dks nksuksa ia[kksa esa lkeus dh rjQ yxkuk
Fkk] vkSj yks gks x;k ,d etsnkj f[kykSuk rS;kjA ;g frryh dgh Hkh fcuk fdlh vfrfjDr lgkjs ds
cSB ldrh gSA
cPpksa dks blesa [kwc etk vk;k] os dHkh viuh frryh dks m¡xfy;ksa ij cSBk jgs Fks rks dHkh
Ldsp isu ;k f[kM+dh ijA
frryh rS;kj gksus vkSj mlds lkFk [ksyus rd 10%00 ct pqdk FkkA cPpksa dks iqu% ,d cM+s lewg esa
cSBk;k x;kA vc lHkh cPpksa dks ,d ,d v[kckj fn;k x;kA ,d gh v[kckj ls lHkh cPpksa us pkj
rjg dh Vksfi;k¡ cukbZA Vksfi;k¡ igu dj dksbZ vius vki dks jktk dg jgk Fkk rks dksbZ usrk fdlh
us [kqn dks xk¡/kh dgk rks fdlh us iqfylA cPpksa dh pkg vkSj liuksa ds vuqlkj ;s Vksfi;k¡ muds
fljksa ij [kwc te jgh jgh FkhaA
yxHkx 45 feuV esa lHkh dh Vksfi;k¡ rS;kj gks xbZA Vksfi;k¡ igudj vk/kk ?kaVk rd lHkh cPps vkSj
laLFkku ds lkfFk;ksa us [kwc [ksy [ksys vkSj “kksj epk;kA vc rd 11%30 ct pqds Fks vkSj lHkh dks
Hkw[k Hkh yx vkbZ Fkh] oSls uk”rk Hkh rS;kj FkkA
lHkh cPpksa us vius gkFk /kks,s vkSj rhu iafDr;ksa esa cSB x, uk”rk djus ds fy,A uk”rk djus ds ckn
lc dks ?kj tkuk gSA
igyk fnu lekIr---------------------------
dckM ls tqxkM------------------------------------------------ nwljk fnu ¼04 twu½
fiNys fnu dk vuqHko ---------
cPpk 1 & HkS;k eSus esjh frryh dks esjs ?kj ij
xeys esa cSBk fn;kA
cPpk 2 & eSus ?kj tkdj pkj Vksfi;k¡ cukbZ vkSj
,d esjh NksVh cgu dks Hkh nhA
cPpk 3 & esjh eEeh us dgk fd lc vPNs ls
lh[kdj vkukA
vkt f”kfoj dk nwljk fnu FkkA tc lkFkh cPpksa dks ysus tkyeiqj cLrh igq¡ps rks irk pyk
fd lkjs cPps le; ls iwoZ 7%15 cts [kqn ls gh pydj f”kfoj LFky ¼ftyk laLFkku½ rd igq¡p x,A
7%45 rd lHkh cPps igq¡p x,A dy dh rqyuk esa vkt cPpksa dh la[;k vf/kd Fkh] vkt yxHkx
105 cPps Fks] ftldk vanktk gesa iwoZ ls gh FkkA cPpksa dh la[;k vkSj mez ds varj dks ns[krs gq,
geus igyh ls rhljh d{kk rd ds cPpksa dk vyx lewg rS;kj fd;kA bl rjg NksVs cPpksa ds lewg
esa 30 rFkk nwljs lewg esa 78 cPps vk,A
nksuksa lewg ds cPpksa ds lkFk lkewfgd :i ls ,d xhr ÞdqDdM+ dwa HkbZ dqDdM+ daw Þ xk;k
x;kA blds ckn nksuksa lewg dks vyx&vyx cSBk;k x;kA cM+s cPPkksa ds lewg ds lkFk dy dh
fujarjrk esa vkt vkbZlØhe LVhd dh enn ls QksVks Ýse cukbZ xbZA QksVks Ýse cukus ds ckn cPpksa
us ml Ýse esa yxkus ds fy, ;kan ls ,d ,d fp= cuk;k vkSj Ýse esa yxk;kA
NksVs cPpksa ds lewg us jaxksa ds lkFk [ksyrs gq, fp= cuk,A vkSj fQj ,d ,d djds vius cuk,
fp=ksa ds ckjs esa iwjs lewg dks crk;kA nksuksa lewg esa dqN [ksy [ksys x, vkSj bl rjg uk”rs dk
le; gks x;kA
nwljk fnu lekIr-----------------
vfHkHkkod 1 & esjh fcfV;k us dy ?kj
tkdj viuh ukuh vkSj eEeh dks v[kckj
dh Vksih cukdj igukbZA
vfHkHkkod 2 & lj cM+s yksxksa ds cPpksa ds
fy, rks ,sls izksxzke gksrs jgrs gSa ij gekjs
cPpksa ds fy, ;s igyh ckj gqvk gS] gesa
cgqr [kq”kh bqbZ dh dksbZ gekjs cPpksa ds
fy, Hkh bl rjg ds izksxzke dj jgs gSaA
foKku dk etk---------------------------------------------rhljk fnu ¼05 twu½
ge f”k{kk ls ;s vis{kk djrs gSa fd os cPpksa dks rkfdZd vkSj oSKkfud nf’V iznku djsaA
fdUgh Hkh phtksa] fØ;kvksa vkSj ?kVukvksa ds dkj.kksa dks tkuus dh ftKklk muesa iSnk gks] ;kfu dh
cPpk ftKklq gksA blesa dksbZ nks&er ugh fd cPpksa esa ftKklqiu tUetkr gksrk gS] t#jr gS
mudh bl ftKklk dks oSKkfud n`f’V iznku djus dh blds fy, cPpksa dks T;knk ls T;knk lkspus
vkSj fo”ys’k.k djus ds ekSds iznku djus dhA gekjs ?kj vkSj vklikl jkstkuk ,slh dbZ fØ;k,sa vkSj
?kVuk,sa gksrh jgrh gSa ftuds ckjs esa ge dHkh lksprs gh ugh ;k dHkh [k;ky Hkh vkrk gS rks ge mls
izkØfrd ekudj NksM+ nsrs gSaA cPps vDlj bu fØ;kvksa ;k ?kVukvksa ls tqM+s loky vkSj mudh
ftKklk,sa gekjs lkeus j[krs gSa vkSj ge esa ls vf/kdka”k cM+s mls vkmV vkWQ flyscl ekudj Vky
tkrs gSaA
tSls& nw/k@pk; D;ksa mQurk gS tcdh ikuh ugh\ jkr esa rkjs dgk¡ ls vk tkrs gSa\ gekjs
cky vkSj uk[kwu yxkrkj D;ksa c<+rs jgrs gSa\ gok D;ks pyrh gS\ cky lQsn D;ksa gksrs gSa\ oxSjk
oxSjkA
cPpksa dh blh ftKklq vkSj [kksth izo`fRr dks vkSj vf/kd c<+kus rFkk cPpksa ds lkFk bl rjg
ds laokn vkSj dke dks yxkrkj vkxs c<+kus ds mn~ns”; ls geus f”kfoj esa nks fnu cPpksa ds lkFk
foKku ij dke djuk r; fd;kA
vkt f”kfoj ds rhljs fnu foKku dk etk ds varxZr cPpksa ds lkFk nks NksVs NksVs iz;ksx dj
mlds rF;ksa vkSj dkj.kksa dks tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA blds igys NksVs vkSj cM+s cPpksa ds nks
vyx lewg cuk,A cM+s cPpksa ds lkFk foKku dk etk rFkk NksVs cPpksa ds lkFk vksjhxseh ds rgr
jaxhu dkxt ls f[kykSus cuk, x,A izfrfnu dh rjg cPpksa ds lkFk cky xhr ÞÅ¡V rsjh i¡wN is
dcwrj yVdUrkÞ xk;k x;kA
pkd ¼Cysd cksMZ ij fy[kus okyk½ ds ek/;e ls jaxksa dk foHksnhdj.k ¼fMQjsafl,”ku½
iwjh nqfu;k esa vf/kdkal lkexzh fefJr voLFkk esa ikbZ tkrh gS] cgqr gh de lkexzh “kq)
inkFkZ gSA bl feJ.k ls fofHkUu inkFkksZ dks vyx djus dh dyk@rduhd cgqr gh egkRoiw.kZ gS
D;ksafd ;s gesa “kq) inkFkksZa dks vyx djus ds fy, l{ke cukrh gSA ge feJ.k dks ,d rLohj ds
ek/;e ls jaxksa ds ekeys esa ns[k ldrs gSaA
jaxksa ds bl foHksn dks izk;ksfxd :i esa le>us ds fy, lHkh cPpksa nl&nl ds milewg esa cSBk;k
x;kA rRi”pkr~ lHkh cPPkksa dks ,d&,d pkd vkSj Ldsp isu fn;k x;kA izR;sd lewg esa ikuh gsrq
,d dVksjh Hkh nh xbZA lHkh cPpksa ls vius pkd ds fupys fgLls ij Ldsp isu dh enn ls ,d
xksyk cukus ds fy, dgk x;kA xksyk cukus ds ckn pkd dks dqN nsj ds fy, bl rjg ikuh esa
j[kdj NksM+uk gksxk fd gS fd fjax okys fgLls dks ikuh Nwrk jgs] ij /;ku j[kuk gksxk fd fjax ikuh
esa uk MwcsA
dqN nsj ds ckn pkd ij izeq[k jax ds vykok dqN vkSj jax fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA dkys jax ds ekeys esa
vU; jaxksa dh la[;k vf/kd FkhA
tc cPpksa ls ,slk gksus ds dkj.kksa ds ckjs esa iwNk x;k rks] cPpksa us dqN jkspd tokc fn, &
cPpk 1 & pkd us vius vklikl ds pkd ds jaxksa dks lks[k fy;k gksxkA
cPpk 2 & ugh eSus rks vius pkd dks vdsyk gh j[kk FkkA
cPpk 3 & dkyk jax cgqr ls jaxksa ls feydj curk gSA
jaxksa ds bl foHksn dks ,d vkSj iz;ksx ls le>us dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA
bUnz/kuq’k
cjlkr ds ekSle esa tc cjlkr dh cw¡nsa lw;Z ij iM+rh gSa rc lw;Z dh fdj.kksa
dk fo{ksi.k ¼fMLi”kZu½ gh bUnz/kuq’k ds lqanj jaxksa dk dkj.k curk gSA
vkdk”k esa la/;k ds le; iwoZ fn”kk esa rFkk izkr%dky if”pe fn”kk esa] o’kkZ
ds Ik”pkr~ yky] ukjaxh] ihyk] gjk] vklekuh] uhyk rFkk cSaxuh jaxksa dk ,d
fo”kkydk; o`Rrkdkj oØ dHkh&dHkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] bls gh bUnz/kuq’k dgrs gSA
lkekU; rkSj ij bUnz/kuq’k nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa &
izkFkfed bUnz/kuq’k & tc o’kkZ dh c¡wnksa ij fxjus okyh fdj.kksa dk nks ckj eqM+uk o ,d
ckj ykSVuk gksrk gS] rks izkFkfed bUnz/kuq’k curk gSA izkFkfed bUnz/kuq’k esa yky jax ckgj
dh vksj rFkk cSaxuh jax vanj dh vksj gksrk gSA
n~forh;d bUnz/kuq’k & tc o’kkZ dh c¡wnksa ij fxjuss okyh lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dk nks ckj
ykSVuk o ,d ckj eqM+uk gksrk gS] rks n~forh;d bUnz/kuq’k dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA blesa ckgj
dh vksj cSaxuh jax rFkk vanj dh vksj yky jax gksrk gSA
lw;Z dh mifLFkfr esa vkbZus rFkk ikuh ls Hkjs gq, crZu dh enn ls geus nhokj ij bUnz/kuq’k cuk;kA
bl bUnz/kuq’k ds ckjs esa cPpksa ds lkFk yEch ppkZ gqbZA cPpksa us viuh ftKklkvksa dks iz”uksa ds :i
esa lkfFk;ksa ds lkeus j[kk tSls & blesa flQZ lkr jax gh D;ksa gksrs gaS\ blesa flQZ VIBGYOR jax gh
D;ksa gksrs gSa\ bUnz/kuq’k esa fn[kkbZ nsus okys jax ges”kk ,d fo”ks’k Øe esa gh D;ksa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa\ D;k
ge dsoy pUnzek dh mifLFkfr esa Hkh bUnz/kuq’k ns[k ldrs gSa\ bUnz/kuq’k ges”kk o`Rrkdkj ;k /kuq’kkdkj
gh D;ksa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\
bUnz/kuq’k ns[krs cM+s cPps jaxhu dkxt ls f[kykSus cukrs NksVs cPps
cPpksa ds lkFk bu ftKklkvksa ij ppkZ dh xbZA ppkZ djus rd uk”rs dk le; gks pqdk Fkk vkSj
lHkh dks Hkw[k Hkh yx vkbZ FkhA
uk”rk djus ls igys cPpksa dk eu dksbZ xhr xkus dk Fkk lks lcus ,dlkFk feydj yM~Mw HkkbZ xksy
eVksy] cksyks cksyks fdruk eksyÞ xk;kA xhr xkus ds ckn lcus ,dlkFk feydj uk”rk fd;k vkSj
?kj dh vksj pysA
rhljk fnu lekIr---------------------------
foKku dk etk---------------------------------------------pkSFkk fnu ¼06 twu½
bl lkr fnolh; f”kfoj esa cPpksa dk mRlkg vkSj meax yxkrkj c<+rk gh tk jgk FkkA
dkS”kyksa vkSj le> ds ekeys esa dksbZ Hkh cPpk fdlh ls de ugh Fkk lcdh viuh viuh le> vkSj
vius vuqHko Fks ftls oks fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa esa mi;ksx Hkh dj jgs FksA
vkt f”kfoj dk pkSFkk fnu FkkA jkst dh rjg vkt Hkh NksVs vkSj cM+s cPpksa ds lewg ds lkFk
vyx vyx xfrfof/k;k¡ dh xbZA NksVs cPpksa us tgk¡ jaxhu dkxt dh drju ls dksykt rS;kj fd;k
ogha cM+s cPpksa dk fnu foKku ds uke FkkA dy tgk¡ geus NksVs&NksVs iz;ksxksa ds ek/;e ls feJ.k
fo”ks’k rkSj ij jaxksa ds foHksnhdj.k dks le>k ogha vkt ge cPpksa ds lkFk jax ds cnyko dks ysdj
dqN xfrfof/k;k¡ vkSj ppkZ djus okys gSaA
lcls igys cPpksa dks dkMZ “khV dk ,d ,d VqdM+k fn;k x;k vkSj muls dgk x;k fd vki
bl ij vkids eu esa tks Hkh iz”u ;k loky gSa fyf[k,] ;s ,d iz;kl Fkk ,sls cPpksa dks le>us dk
tks vius vklikl jkstkuk ?kVus@gksuss okyh ?kVukvksa ds dj.kksa dks tkuuk pkgrs gksaA bl xfrfof/k
dk edln bu cPpksa ds lkFk yxkrkj foKku dks ysdj dke djus ds lkFk gh Hkfo’; esa ,d cky
oSKkfud lewg rS;kj djuk Hkh gSA cPpksa us viuh cgqr lh ftKklkvksa dks “khV ij fy[kkA
jkr vkSj fnu D;ksa gksrk gS \
foKku dh jpuk fdlus dh \
?kaVh ctkus ij vkokt D;ksa vkrh gS\
Lke; D;k gS\
D;k /kjrh ij ,fy;u gksrs gSa\ vkfn
cPpksa ls bu iz”uksa dks ,df=r djus ds ckn muds lkFk dqN xfrfof/k;k¡ dh xbZA
jax ifjorZu
cPPkksa ds fy, ;g fdlh tknw ls de ugh Fkk tc ,d gh iy esa gh ihyk jax yky jax esa
cny x;kA vly esa cPpksa dks gYnh ds ?kksy ds lkFk ,d js[kkfp= fn;k x;k vksj dgk x;k fd os
bl ihys jax ds ?kksy ls vius fp= esa jax HkjsaA lHkh cPpksa us b;j Dyhuj fLVd dh enn ls vius
fp=ksa esa ihyk jax Hkjk] fQj mUgs okf”akx ikmMj dk ?kksy fn;k x;k vkSj dgk x;k fd vius fp= esa
tgk¡ vkidks yky jax pkfg, ogk¡ fLVd dh enn ls bl ?kksy dks yxkb;sA tSls gh cPpksa us nwljk
okyk ?kksy yxk;k mudk fp= yky gks x;kA cPps [kq”kh vkSj vk”p;Z fefJr vkokt esa fpYykus
yxsA dqN cPpksa us dgk fd gYnh vkSj diM+s /kksus dk ikmMj rks muds ?kj ij vklkuh ls fey
tkrk gS] rks os ?kj tkdj vius eu ls fp= cuk,saxs vkSj jax HkjsaxsA vf/kdrj cPpksa us dgk fd os
xzhfVax dkMZ cukdj vius f”k{kdksa dks nsaxsA
ekSr dk dqvk
jax cnyus okys [ksy [ksyus ds ckn ,d vkSj NksVh lh etsnkj ,DVhfofV esa cPpksa dks cgqr etk
vk;kA lHkh cPpksa dks ,d ,d cM+s vkdkj dk xqCckjk vkSj ,d #i;s dk flDdk fn;k x;k] fQj
lHkh cPpksa ls dgk x;k fd os flDds dks xqCckjs ds vanj Mky nsaA lHkh cPpksa us ,slk fd;k vksj
vius xqCckjs dks Qqyk;kA xqCckjs dks gok ls Hkj ysus ds ckn muls vius xqCckjs dks tksj ls fgykus
dks dgk x;k] ij ;s D;k blls rks dqN Hkh ugh gqvkA rc nhnh us vius xqCckjs dks FkksM+k lko/kkuh
ls fgyk;k vkSj ;s D;k flDdk rks xqCckjs dh nhokj ij py jgk Fkk Bhd oSls gh tSls fdlh esys esa
vk, ekSr ds dq,¡ esa dksbZ ckbd pyk jgk gksA blds ckn rks lHkh cPpksa us vius xqCckjs dks ekSr dk
dqvk cuk fn;kA
cM+s cPps tgk¡ foKku dh xfrfof/k;ksa esa eXu Fks ogha uUgs dykdkjksa us jaxhu isij dh drju ls
viuh dYiukvksa ds jaxksa dks lkdkj fd;kA
bl rjg [kwc etk eLrh vkSj jpukRed xfrfof/k;ksa esa viuh dYiukvksa ds lkxj esa xksrs yxkus rFkk
ftKklkvksa dks “kkar djus ds lkFk gh dqN vkSj ubZ ftKklkvksa ds iuius vkSj muds lek/kku ds
iz;kl djrs gq, vkt dk pkSFkk fnu lekIr gqvkA lHkh cPpksa us uk”rk fd;k vkSj vius nksLrksa ls
fonk yhA
pkSFkk fnu lekIr------------
ys[ku---------------------------------------------ik¡pok fnu ¼07 twu½
orZeku le; esa gekjh f”k{kk O;oLFkk dk eq[; vk/kkj ikB~; iqLrdsa gh gSa tcfd okLro esa os
Hkh vU; lk/kuksa dh rjg lh[kus vkSj viuh le> dks O;kid djus dh ,d lanHkZ lkexzh ek= gh gaSA
bu fdrkcksa dks fo|ky;ksa esa bruh T;knk rjthg nh tkrh gS fd cPps Hkh vius vuqHkoksa vkSj le>
dks fdukjs j[kuk gh Bhd ekurs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, vxj fdlh cPps ls dgk tk, fd o’kkZ ds
ckjs esa dqN fy[kks rks oks ogh fy[ksxk tks mlus fdrkcksa esa i<+k gSA cjlkr ls tqM+s [kqn ds vuqHkoksa
vkSj etsnkjh dks og fy[kus ;k crkus yk;d ugh ekurs tcdh gdhdr esa mlds [kqn ds vuqHko gh
lcls egkRoiw.kZ gksrs gSaA
cPpsa viuss [kqn ds vuqHkoksa dks izkFkfedrk ns ik,sa rFkk viuh dYiuk vkSj rdZ”kfDr dk
bLrseky djrs gq, fy[kus ds fy, izsfjr gksa blh mn~ns”; dh iwfrZ ds fy, geus nks fnu ys[ku
laca/kh xfrfof/k ds fy, vkjf{kr j[kkA cPpksa [kqn ls fy[kus ds fy, izsfjr dj ikus esa le; vkSj /kS;Z
nksuksa cgqr t:jh gS] ge ;s drbZ vis{kk ugh dj ldrs dh vki cPpksa ls vius eu dk dqN fy[kus
ds fy, dgksxs vkSj og fy[kdj ns nsaxsA
vkt f”kfoj dk ik¡pok vkSj ys[ku dk igyk fnu FkkA NksVs vkSj cM+s cPps vyx vyx lewg
esa gh cSB jgs FksA xfrfof/k;ksa dks izkjaHk djus ls igys cPpksa ds lkFk lkewfgd :i ls nks cky xhr
bDde bDde bDdk rFkk yM~Mw HkkbZ xksy eVksy xk;k x;kA gko&Hkko ds lkFk xhr xkus esa cPpksa
dks [kwc etk vkrk gS os ckj ckj xhr xkus dh ekax Hkh djrs gSaA
xhr xkus ds ckn CksVs cPps Lor% vyx gksdj vius lewg ds lkFk vyx dejs dh vksj tgk¡ os gj
fnu cSB jgs Fks py fn,A
cM+s cPpksa dks ,d ,d dkxt vkSj isu nsus ds ckn dgk x;k fd bl ij os dksbZ ,slh
dgkuh fy[ksa tks mudh fdrkc esa uk gks vkSj uk gh mls mUgksus fdlh vU; fdrkc ;k if=dk esa
i<+k gksA gk¡ os ;k rks vius eu ls dgkuh cuk ldrs gSa ;k ,slh dgkuh fy[k ldrs gSa tks mUgksus
vius ?kj ifjokj esa fdlh ls lquh gksA cPPkksa us dgkfu;k¡ rks fy[kha ij vf/kdka”k dgkfu;k¡ fdrkcksa
dh gh FkhaA 6&7 cPPkksa us dNqvk vkSj [kjxks”k okyh dgkuh fy[khA dqN cPPkksa us vius eu ls
dgkfu;k¡ cukbZ rks dqN us ?kj esa lauh gqbZ dgkfu;k¡ fy[khA
dgkuh fy[kus ds ckn lHkh cPpksa ds lkFk vksjhxseh ds varxZr dqN f[kykSus cuk, x,A
ik¡pok fnu lekIr------------
ys[ku---------------------------------------------NBok fnu ¼08 twu½
f”kfoj ds NBos fnu Hkh ys[ku dh xfrfof/k ij gh dke fd;k x;kA fiNys fnu cPPkksa
us dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh Fkha] vkt geus lkspk fd ,slh dksbZ xfrfof/k dh tk, ftlls dh cPps vius [kqn
ds vuqHkoksa] rdksZa vkSj dYiukvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, dqN fy[k ldsaA
geus cPpksa dh dYiukvksa dks ,d vk/kkj nsus ds mn~ns”; ls pkj fo’k; mUgs lq>k, vkSj dgk fd
vxj os pkgsa rks bu pkjksa fo’k;ksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d&nks fo’k; ds ckjs esa fy[k ldrs gSa ;k dqN vkSj
fy[kuk pkgsa rks oks Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
tks pkj fo’k; geus cPpksa ds fy, pqus os Fks %&
esjk eu djrk gS \
nqfu;k dSls cuh gksxh \
vxj Ldwy ugh gksrs rks D;k gksrk \
vxj vkidks jkLrs esa 100 #i;s feysa rks vki D;k djksxs \
igys rks dqN cPpksa us dgk fd fy[kus esa etk ugh vkrk rks dqN vkSj xfrfof/k djuk
pkfg,A ckn esa lkjs cPps fpYykus yxs fd gk¡ dqN vkSj djuk pkfg,A rc geus ,d v[kckj esa
,d izdkf”kr ,d [kcj dks i<+k vkSj cPpksa ls iwNk fd ;s [kcj dgk¡ fd gS\ cPpksa us dgk ÞfnYyh
dhÞ] fQj geus iwNk dh vkidks dSls irk pyk fd ,slk fnYyh esa gqvk Fkk\ cPpksa us dgk Þbl isij
esa fy[kk gSÞ] rc geus dgk fd v[kckj D;ksa Nirs gSa\ cPpksa us dgk Þrkfd [kcj Ni ldsÞ] geus
fQj dgk fd vxj dksbZ Hkh fy[kuk ugha pkgrk rks D;k ge rd [kcjsa igq¡p ikrha \ cPpksa us ,d
lkFk dgk ÞughaÞA vkxs ppkZ djrs gq, geus fQj dgk fd vkids ds eu esa D;k gS\ vki D;k pkgrs
gSa\ ;s ckfd dks dSls irk pysxk vxj vki ugh fy[kksxs rksA blds ckn geus pded if=dk esa
izdkf”kr cPpksa ds }kjk fyf[kr dqN vuqHko i<+sA blds ckn vkxs ppkZ djrs gq, dgk fd vHkh tks
geus i<+k oks eanlkSj ds ,d cPps us fy[kk Fkk] vxj oks ugh fy[krk rks D;k vkidks ml cPps ds
ckjs esa dHkh lquus dks feyrk\ cPpksa us fQj ,d lkFk dgk ÞughaÞA geus vkSj vkxs ckr djrs gq,
iwNk fd vxj vki ugh fy[ksxsa rks D;k dksbZ Hkh nwljk dHkh Hkh vkids ckjs esa tku ik,xk\ cPpksa us
,d lkFk dgk ÞughaÞA fQj geus dgk fd vxj vkidks ugha fy[kuk gS rks dksbZ ckr
ugha viu dqN vkSj djrs gSaA vc lkjs cPpksa us dgk fd ugh HkS;k gesa fy[kuk gSA ge
;s le> ik jgs Fks fd geus cPpksa ij “kk;n ,d HkkoukRed ncko cukrs gq, gh fy[kus
ds fy, mRizsfjr fd;k gS fdUrq gesa ml le; blds vykok dqN lw> Hkh ugh jgk FkkA
[kSj ! lHkh cPpksa us fy[kk dqN cPpksa us rks pkjksa fo’k;ksa ij fy[kkA
fy[kus ds ckn 10&10 cPpksa ds lewg cuk, vkSj vius }kjk fy[kh xbZ jpukvksa
dks ,d iqjkus v[kckj ij fpidk dj ,d nhokj v[kckj cukus dks dgk x;kA cPpksa us
lewg esa dke djrs gq, viuk viuk nhokj v[kckj cuk;k vkSj mudk uke Hkh [kqn gh
lkspdj j[kkA
cPpksa us lq>k, x, fo’k;ksa ij cgqr dqN fy[kk muesa ls dqN jpukvksa dks ge bl
izfrosnu dk fgLlk cuk jgs gSaA
vkt cM+s cPps tgk¡ fy[kus esa e”kxwy jgs ogha NksVs cPps eq[kksVk cukus esa O;Lr FksA 11%30 cts rd
viuk dke [kRe djus ds ckn lcus feydj uk”rk fd;k] vkSj bl rjg vkt dk fnu Hkh lekIr
gks x;kA
vkt cPpksa ds lkFk xfrfof/k;ksa dk vk[kjh fnu Fkk blfy, uk”rk djus ds ckn lHkh dks eSnku esa
bdV~Bk dj geus fiNys N% fnuksa esa fd, x, dk;ksZa ij ckrphr dh lkFk gh ;s Hkh dgk fd ge
yksx bl vkxs Hkh feyrs jgsaxsA dy ;kfu vxys fnu cPpksa us tks xfrfof/k;k¡ ;gk¡ dh gS mldh
izn”kZuh vfHkHkkodksa ds fy, yxkus dh ;kstuk gekjh iwoZ ls FkhA vr% cPpksa ls dgk fd dy os vius
eEeh&ikik ;k ?kj ds fdlh Hkh cM+s O;fDr ds “kke 5 ls 7 ds chp lkFk vk,saxsA
NBok fnu lekIr--------------------
izn”kZuh---------------------------------------------vafre fnu ¼09 twu½
iwjk lIrkg cPpksa ds lkFk dSls chr x;k irk gh ugh pykA cPpksa us bl f”kfoj esa
tks Hkh lh[kk mldk lcls egkRoiw.kZ fgLlk ;s yxk fd vafre fnu rd os ,d nwljs ds nksLr cu
x, Fks] lc ,d nwljs dks uke ls cqykus yxs FksA vafre fnu ?kj tkrs le; lHkh cPps mnkl Fks]
bl ckr dks ysdj dh ;s f”kfoj dk vk[kjh fnu FkkA bu N% fnuksa esa gesa cPpksa ls lcls T;knk
lh[kus dks feykA dqN cPps dSls yhM jksy esa vk tkrs gSa] fdl rjg dh xfrfof/k;k¡ mUgs lkewfgd
:i ls dke djus ds fy, mRizsfjr djrh gSa] fdl rjg dh ppkZvksa esa cPps [kqydj [kqn dks
vfHkO;Dr djrs gSa vkfnA
fiNys fnuksa tks dqN Hkh cPpksa us fd;k Fkk mu lcdks vkt geus ,d dejs esa iznf”kZr
dj fn;k rkfd vfHkHkkod Hkh ns[k vkSj le> ik,sa dh ;gk¡ cPps dj D;k jgs Fks] lkFk gh izkstsDVj
dh enn ls geus f”kfoj ds lkjs QksVksxzkQ Hkh iznf”kZr fd, rkfd vfHkHkkod mUgs dke djrs gq, Hkh
ns[k ik,sa] blds vykok QksVksxzkQ Hkh iznf”kZr djus dk ,d edln ;s Hkh Fkk fd [kqn ds QksVks dks
lewg esa ns[kus dk viuk gh etk gksrk gS bl etsnkjh dk yqRQ cPps Hkh mBk,saA
5%30 cts ds vklikl 10&15 vfHkHkkod vk,A cPpksa dh jpukvksa dks ns[kdj mUgs vPNk yx jgk
Fkk ;s mudh vkil dh ppkZvksa vkSj psgjksa ij g¡lh ls lkQ Li’V gks jgk FkkA vfHkHkkodksa us cSBdj
QksVks Hkh ns[ks] cPps mUgs ckj ckj cksy jgs Fks fd ns[kuk eEeh vHkh esjk QksVks Hkh vk,xk vkSj eEeh
vius cPps ds QksVks bartkj djus yxhA
bl f”kfoj ls feys mRlkg dks ge cPpksa ds fy, vkxs dSls cjdjkj j[k ik,saxsa lkFk gh
bl rjg ds volj Ldwy dSls cPpksa dks miyC/k djk,s bl ij vHkh ge fopkj dj jgs gSaA
f”kfoj dh dqN >yfd;k¡