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ClA 63-1

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Monographic Studies of Cordyceps 2.Group parasitic on Cicadidae

With 5 Plates and 17 Text-figures

Yosio KOBAYASI* and Daisuke SHIMIZU**

Just two centuries have elapsed since the most popular cicadicolous species

or the cicada club (Cordyceps sobolìfera) has been introduced in 1763 with thename "Clavaria sobolifera Hil" by W. Watson from Dominica and Martiniqueof the West Indies.

No additional species has ever been reported til 1918, when another onewas found in Japan and named erroneously as C. ophioglossoides by C. G. Lloyd.In 1939, Kobayasi enumerated five species and one variety of Cordyceps on

Cicadidae. Since then, many interesting specimens have been deposited in hisherbarium by his collaborators. On the other hand, the Japanese species C.

heteropoda extended its distribution far to Congo of Africa and also C.oiuariensis to Soviet Russia, from where a new species C. evdogeorgiae was alsoreported by KovaL. Now Kobayasi enumerates sixteen species and two formsincluding seven new species.

Sect. 1. Racemella

Subsect. 1. Sparsae1. C. prolifica Y.K.

f. terminais Y.K.

2. C. ctenocephala Syd.

Subsect. 2. Confertae

3. C. inegoensis Y.K. 4. C. coxii OllffSubsect. 3. Pseudo-immersae5. C. minuta Y.K.

Sect. 2. Cystocarpon

Subsect. 1. Eucystocarpon6. C. sobolifera Berk. et Br.

var. takaoensis Y.K.

7. C. sinclairii Y.K. (Con idial stage: I saria sinclairii) 8. C.longissima Y.K. 9. C. yakusimensis Y.K. 10. C. ryogamimontana

Y.K. 11. C. toriha1'amontana Y.K. 12. C. paradoxa Y.K. 13. C.

heteropoda Y.K. 14. C. nipponica Y.K.

Sect. 3. Cremastocarpon

Subsect. 1. Carnosae15. C. oiuariensis Y.K.

Subgen. Neocordyceps

16. C. evdogeorgiae Koval

1. PeiPei

2. DiiDii

3. Stiane

Fe'

Sti. National Science Museum

.. Yonezawa Municipal Museum. Yamagata Prefecture

IUS species3 with the

\1artinique

lOther one

, G. Lloyd.'dyceps on

¡ted in his

species C.

d also C.e was alsotwo forms

¡i) 8. C.nimontana.. 13. C.

BulL. Nat. Sci. Mus., VoL. 6, No.3, July 1963 287

The number of the species of Cicadas attains to 2,000..3,000, distributedalmost all over the world. Especially in the Oriental region including India, the

Malayan region, Borneo, the Philppines, South China and Formosa, more thanhalf of the total number is found. Japan is situated in the Palaearctic regionand only 13 genera and 27 species of Cicadas are reported, but is very plentifulin population and their characteristic singings are most familar to us in sum-mer. Accordingly, it is natural that many cicadicolous fungi are expected from

.Japan. On the contrary, from Europe no cicadicolous species has ever beenreported on account of the rarity of host-insects. It may be a particular case

that, in America, no member of Cordyceps has yet been found, for instance, onthe periodical cicada, in spite of its being a special host for Mas8ospora cicadinaPeck.

As for the other cicadicolous fungi than the members of Cordyceps, the

writer published two papers in 1939, in which lsaria cicad was taken to bean obscurely known species based on inadequate description, but now he isinclined to suppose that it is a distinct one distributing in Bahia of Brazil andeastern Australia according to the report of J.H. Wilis (1959). Also lsaria

sinclairii was found by the writer (1949) to be the conidial form of Cordycepssinclairii, without connectio:n to C. soboiifera.

The host-speciality is not seen in these members, although almost all thecicadicolous species are confined to one or several species of Cicadidae except

for Australian C. coxii which is said also to be found on Lepidiota sp. (Scara-baeidae). Most of the fungi are found on nymphs of the fifth stage, but fewattack the adult cicadas. This is due to the fact that the cicadascontinue their nymphal stage for several or rarely more than ten years long

under the ground, nourished by the roots of plants and, on the contrary, theyexist in their adult stage only several days or so and flying speedily far above

the ground, affording scarce opportunities to be infected by entomogenous fungi.It is supposed that the fungi, at first, attack the living nymphs, entering throughthe spiracles with their mycelia. The fruitbodies of fungi do not spring up fromthe insect til their mycelial mass make the endosclerotium, which is the hardfleshy and compact mass surrounded by the shell of cicada.

The following is an attempt to distinguish each fungus externally as well asmicroscopically.

Key to the cicadicolous species

1. Perithecia superficial or apparently half-immersed .................. 2

Perithecia wholly immersed ............,.......................... 6

2. Distribution of perithecia not homogeneous, but unilateral or irregular.. 3

Distribution of perithecia homogeneous, densely aggregate ........ 4

3. Stromata single, 8-5 em long, composed of hypgeous perennial stalk

and epigeous deciduous fertile part; perithecia irregularly distributed. .C. prolilica

Few perithecia distributed only on the apical part ..... C. prolilica

f. terminalis

Stromata gregarious, shortr than 1 em; perithecia unilateral..... , . .C. ctenocephala

----_...._._.._--- ¡.

,.

288 KOBAYASI and SHIMIZU : Monographic Studies of Cordyceps 2.

4. Stromata very small, 3-4.5 mm long; fertie part capitate. .. C. minuta

Stromata larger, several centimeters at least; fertile part cylindrical. . ., 5

5. Stromata more than 10 cm long; stalks cylindrical, almost with samediameter with fertie part "........,....,...,........ C. inegoensis

Stromata 3 em or more long; stalks very slender ...........,.. C. coxii

6, Perithecia rectangularly immersed ....,.."..............,......... 7

Perithecia obliquely immersed ...........,......................... 15

7. Fertile part cylindrical ...."........,........,..............,.... 8

Fertile part capitate ,.............,.............................. 12

8. Stromata caespitose on adult hostbody, dark olivaceous to blackwhen matured .....,......",...,.....,......,. C. ryogamimontana

Stromata generally single on nymph of host ....,........,.....,.. 99. Fertile part not distinct from stalk ,............................... 10

Fertie part distinct from stalk .,..."..."...,.....,...,........ 1110, Stromata clavate, with pycnidial conidial form as side branches, without

mycelial mat ....".",.................,...,........ C. 8obolifera

Mycelial mat covering the hostbody .... C. sobolifera var. takaoensisStromata cylindrical, accompanied with lsaria form....... .C. sinclairii

11. Perithecia ovoid ..,....,......,.............".....,. C. longissima

Perithecia narrow ovoid or almost naviculate ".... C. yakusimensis

12. Fertile part not cordate at base; secondary ascospores thick .......... 13

Fertile part cordate at base; sec. ascosp. slender 1,u or thinner ....., 14

13. Stromata arising directly from hostbody; sec. ascosp. 1.5-2.5 X 1.5-1.7,u. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. C. toriharamontana

Stromata arising from underground mycelial membrane or strand; sec.ascosp. 3- X 1.5-2,u ,.............,....,....,...,..... C. paradoxa

14. Upper part of stalk sharply defined from underground i:talk, thickcylindrical; fertile part ovoid; sec. ascosp. &-~.7 X 0.9-1/- ....."...

. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . , . . . . . '. C. heteropodaUpper part of stalk not differentiated from lower part, slender; fertilepart commonly depressed globose; sec. ascosp. 2.8-.8 X O,7,u ........

. , . . . .. , . . , , . . . . " C. nipponica15. Fertile part cylindric, apically attenuated; sec. ascosp. cylindric 5.6 X

4.2,u, truncate at both ends ...........,...,..."...,.. C. oivariensis

Fertile part ovoid; sec. ascosp. elongated fusiform 8.7-10 X 2-3,u... .. ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .. C. evdogeorgiae

of Kyou:

olous fudirect rtwas impof good

Sen(its defoi

specimenEdo (T(

Jakisoboliferseems t(

UnkTsu!

based or

The wrIof host

1) CMyc

sclerotiasoideis (capite v

perenniaterminallongus, icurvatusdiam., p

ochraceomedullaprimo ttordinatararo de'!ut in stgregariatributa,cinereofi5-6/-, ca:

truncatiMy,

partly 1:

thicknes;globose idistinct

In the Orient, the cicadicolous fungi have long been known as medicalmaterials, their medicinal values being the same as cast-off shells of cicada.

Chen hua ~n ()E$ljI , meaning "flower of cicada" is the general name andoccasionally used for C. sobolifera. Later in Japan, two new na.mes "tsuno-

zemi ~." meaning horned cicada and "Hanazemi nBi" meaning floweringcicada were applied to C. 8obolifera and lsaria sinclairii respectively. The oldest

chinese literature seems to be Pen ts'ao kang mu (*:!~ §) by Li Shih-Chen(~lli:) (1596), in which the following phrase is found. ~n...)E!l...jjJL.I*-~.

In Japan, Matsuoka Gentatsu ¥~/l$~ published for the first time Yóyaku-suchi (ff~~ni) and introduced the Semihana (!!i!¡tt~), collected in Kamigamo

..'"

.~ ,

minutacal. . . . 5h. samegoensis7. coxii

715

812

black,ontana

91011

vithoutioliferarioensisnclairiiiissima:mensis..... . 13..... . 14.5-1.7 ¡.

ontanad' sec.,

radoxathick

ropodafertile

'ponica5.6 X

riensis

:orgiae

s medicalcicada.

name and!s "tsuno-floweringlhe oldest

3hih-ChenL.l1f -;€. "'.

i Y ôyaku-~amigamo

,

Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Vol. 6, No.3, July 1963 289

of Kyoto. The following many herbarists in the Edo period took these cicadic-olous fungi as the singular products rather than medical materials, with no

direct relation to the so-called "Tôchûkasô" (::.9ÃÏA!) or C. sinensis, whichwas imported at times from China. For instance, the following are examplesof good ilustrated lieratures.

Senchûfu 'f.9~ (1811) by Kurimoto Tanshû (~*:I~H): C. sobolifera andits deformations are ilustrated in the name Semitake (!I:t), based on thespecimens found in the garden of Masujima Ran'en (J¡l1iiSã) at Honjo ofEdo (Tokyo).

Jakusô-kinpu 1tJl~~ (1858) by Yoshida Jakusô tlffítll In this, C.sobolifera figures with the name Natsunosemitake. The name Harunosemitakeseems to be applied to C. paradoxa and lsaria sp.

Unkin-zuihitsu ~~IÌIl~ (1861) by Kimura Kenkadô *:t:Jn:1t (l!llff)Tsunozemi (C. sobolifera) and Hanazemi (lsaria sinclairii) are ilustrated,

based on the specimen collected near the Takatuki Shrine of Settu Province.

The writers tender their sincere thanks to Dr. Masayo Kato for identificationof host insect.

1) Cordyceps prolifica Y. Kobayasi sp. novoMycelia hospitem non contegentia, sed in corpore sclerotium formantia;

sclerotio carnoso, albo vel partim fuscato e hyphis et cellulis globosis vel ellp-soideis composito, hyphis 2-5u crassis, septa tis, ramosis guttulatis. Stroma ecapite vel thorace hospitis oriunda, 5-30 em in altitudine, e stipite hypogeo

perenniale et parte fertile epigea composita; parte fertie prima deciduosa

terminale, sed secundale lateraliter oriunda. Stipes homogeneus 6-35 cmlongus, rhizoideus gracile columnalis coriaceus 1 mm et ultra in crassus, tortuosuscurvatus, irregulariter foveolatus, glabrus fuscatus, basi crassioris 1.5 mm indiam., partim mycelis fuscatis contegentibus; cortice distincto 50-60,u crasso,ochraceo e hyphis 2.5'tl crassis tenuiparietalibus ramosis septatis composito;medulla e" skeletal hyphae et interweaving hyphae" constructa. Partes fer tiesprimo terminales, secundo laterales, assurgentes singulales, vel bini vel terniordinatae, plerumque subulatae aut lanceolatae interdum columnales vel linea res,raro deformatae 1.5-3 cm longae, superne griseae vel ochraceae, constitutioneut in stipite, apice saepe partem sterilem praeditae. Perithecia superficialia,gregaria in parte media, sparsa in parte cetera, interdum irregulariter dis-tributa, ovoidea vel ellpsoidea, basi truncata, 550-580 X 300-310.u, pallde

cinereofuscata. ostiolis non protrudentia, pariete 30-40tl crasso. Asci 400 X5-6tl, capitibus 3.5tl in diam. Articuli ascosporarum breve cylindracei, utrinquetruncati 1.5 X 1,a.

Mycelial mass occupying the inner part of host body, whitish fleshy or

partly brownish, composed of hyphae which are densely entangled, 2-5tl inthickness, septate, somewhat branched, containing many oil drops, mingled withglobose or ellpsoid cells containing oil drops. Host body almost naked, withoutdistinct mycelial mat.

1i

¡


Stromata arising from head or thorax of the underground nymphs of cicadaeof 5-30 cm in depth, composed of hypogaeous stalk and epigaeous fertie part;

hypogaeeous stalk perennial, commonly single and simple, epigaeous part prim-arily terminal deciduous and the secondary fertile part arising laterally justbeneath the apex of stalk.

Stalks homogeneous, 6-35 cm in total length, upper part several centimetersemerging on the ground, rhizoidal, thin columnar, compact coriaceous, 1 mm ormore slender, tortuous curved, irregularly foveolate, glabrous brown, rarely withshort branches or divided, thicker at base, 1.5 mm in diameter, partly coveredwith grayish brown mycelia.

Cortex of upper part of stalks distinct, externally reddish brown, almost

glabrous, 50-60,u thick, ochraceous in section, composed of entangled hyphae,partly fragile, with uneven surface j hyphae 2.5,u in thickness, thin-walled,branched, septate, non-inflated or somewhat inflated, wall with many granuleswhich do not dissolve in 10% KOH solution.

Medulla of stalks compact, composed of somewhat skeletal hyphae mingledwith thin (less than 1,u) interweaving hyphae, adjacent region to cortex denser,darker; skeletal hyphae non-inflated, somewhat thick-walled, hyaline, sparinglyseptate, without clamp, 2.5-3.5,u thick.

~E-y F ~B ~~ .8B la~\

c

D

~~

~~. 4 ~'~

Fig. 1 C. prolijicaA. Perithecia B. Surface view of perithecih X 40C. Cortex and medulla D. Inner layer of medullaE. Apical part of ascus F. Secondary ascospore

Ti

I!

I

i

Ii

i

i

,iii

iiI

Ii

Feri2-3 arra

linear, rwith suitip, surfpart san

Periing all ttributin~truncateprotrudi:bladder-lAsci 40(

trncate iNonHab

SaitamaNo. 170

Shimizu,

o!

nabe, Se

Stanbe peren

after thE

fertile p.

taking ficolour irin Minar

colouredfor the ~

in Mt. R

No.secondar;

No.pt. lateri

No.pt. arisii

No.again an

beneath .branchle1

No.into thre

No.f. pt. ter

No.part of :

I

cicadaeIe part;.t prim-.lly just

timetersmm or

ely withcovered

, almost

hyphae,i-walled,granules

mingled: denser,paringly

i :í

=


Fertile part primarily terminal, secondarily lateral, assurgent, single or

2-3 arranged side by side, commonly subulate or lanceolate, sometimes columnar,

linear, rarely flattened or irregularly palmate, 1.5-3 cm long, variously besetwith superficial perithecia except for the lower part, with or without steriletip, surface of naked part smooth, griseous or chraceous, constitution of fertiepart same with that .of stalk.

Perithecia, of ordinal superficial type, variously distributed, densely cover-

ing all the surface of fertile part except for its basal part, or unilaterally dis-

tributing, making patches of perithecia on fertile part, ovoid or ellpsoid withtruncate base, 550-580 X 300-310p, surface pale cinereous brown, ostiolum not

protruding, somewhat darker, walls 3Q-0ll thick, outer 2- layers composed of

bladder-like cells with one oil-drop, internal layer composed of polygonal cells.Asci 400 X 5-6'p, cap 3.5ll in diameter. Secondary ascospores short cyindric,trncate at both ends, 1.5 X 1p.

Nom. Jap. Tubu-no-semitakeHab. On Tanna japonensis., in mixed forest of Mt. Ryôgami, Titibu,

Saitama Pref. (D. Shimizu, Aug. 26, 1949, Aug. 13, 1951, Aug. 17, 1951-Type

No. 170 preserved in Herb. Nat. ScL Mus.).On Tanna japonensis, Monjusan, Takahata-mati, Yamagata Pref. (D.

Shimizu, Aug. 14, 1957, No. 72).On Tanna japonensis, Minamihara, Yonezawa City (Akiomi Wata-

nabe, Sept. 1, 1962).

Stalks of this species, or at least the underground part of them seems tobe perennial and to regenerate producing laterally the secondary fertile part,after the primary fertie part falls away in late autumn. Normal shape of thefertie part is lanceolate or Bubulate, although some one shows the fasciation

taking flattened, flabellate or other shape. Specimen No. 72 shows the palercolour in stalk compared with type specimen, whereas the specimen collectedin Minamihara has the fertile part of ochraceous buff with ochraceous orange

coloured perithecia, although these are only the modification of the type. As

for the arising portion of stromata on host body, the eight specimens collected

in Mt. Ryogami were examined with the following result.No.1 arising from lateral side between head and prothorax, 15 cm long;

secondary fertile part arising just beneath the apex of stalk, 5.5 em long.

No. 2 arising from the intermediate part of eyes, 6 cm long; three sec. f.pt. lateraL.

No.3 arising from the intermediate part of eyes, 6 cm long; three sec. f.pt. arising from 1.5 em beneath the apex.

No.4 Two stalks arising from the side of eyes and joined together, dividingagain and fusing just above the middle, 26 cm long; sec. f. pt. laterally arisingbeneath the apex, 3 em long, palmately branched into four and producing threebranchlet from their dorsal side.

No.5 arising from the part between eyes, 19 cm long, upper part branched

into three, two of which just fuse.No.6 arising from dorsal side between head and prothorax, 26 cm long;

f. pt. terminal 2 cm long with lateral perithecia.No.7 arising from mouth, 6 cm long; one f. pt. arising from the apical

part of stalks, 2.5 cm long.


No.8 arising from mouth, 35 cm long, upper part dividing, onee branchproducing primary f. pt., which discoloring into dingy colour and sending sec.t pt. from basal part of it, other branch slender with lateral sec. f. pt.

Cordyceps prolifica f. terminalis Y. Kobayasi f. nov,

A typo stromatis gracilbus, peritheciis paucis apicalibus minoribus differt.Host body obscurely covered with entangled brown mycelia. Stroma single,

simple, gracile, arising from the mouth of host, 5 em long. Stalk linear some-what flattened at base, 3.5 cm long, 0.5 mm thick, sinuated, contorted, surfacescabrous brown or darker, apex truncate, destitute of primary fertile part.

Fertile part secondarily arising from the part just beneath the apex, columnar,1.5 em long, i mm in diameter, apically attenuated, pointed, somewhat com-pressed, ochraceous or pale brown, glabrous scabrous, bearing about thirty

perithecia on its upper part. Perithecia superficial, isolate or crowded, elon-

gated ovoid, truncate at base, 450 X 250-260,u, brown or ochraceous, surfacelayer ocmposed of bladder-like cells with a large oil-drop. Ascus and ascosporesnot matured.

:-om, Jap. Hime-hadaka-semitake

Hab. On Nymph (fourth stage) of Tanna japonensis, Iwôzan, ca 1.200 m inaltitude of Mt. Azuma, Yonezawa, Yamagata Pref. (Teruomi Watanabe, Aug. 21,1960. Type no, 117 preserved in Nat. Sci Mus.)

Although this specimen was found in only the immatured state. it seemsto be reasonable to establish a new form of the type by this specimen, withthe characteristics of small fruitbody and apical distribution of somewhat smalltype perithecia.

ex stipitecrass is, te

Peritl520-550 XAsci 400-

ascosporar

----== ~

2) Cordyceps ctenocephala H. Syd., in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 57:323 fig. E11922).

Mycelial matt wholly covering the host body, dingy pale brown. Stromatagregarious (30-40) on thorax and abdomen, free or rarely cornexed, 2-6 mmlong'. dingy and pale brown. Stalk smooth, glabrous, compressed, sulcate, about0.75 rom in diameter, upwardly recurved or somewhat dilated with perithecia.Peritheda always unilateral arising on outer surface, compact but subliberate,conic, about 1 mm long, 0.25 mm in diameter. Asci cylindric 280-300 X 3.5-5,u,Ascospores always non-articulate (immature?), 250X 1.5-1.75...

Conidial state: UnknownHab, On cicada on shrub, North East New Guinea (Ledermann, Sept. 1912.

Type deposited in Herb. H. Sydow).

Fig. 2 CABC.

3) Cordyceps inegoensis Y. Kobayasi sp. novo

Mycelia caput hospitis obducentia, tomentosa, alba.Stroma e parte anteriore capitis oriundum, cylindricum singulare simplex,

carnosum 14 cm longum.Stipes 9 cm longus equalis 5-6 mm in diam., curvatus solidus opacus gla-

brus, sine peridio, medulla carnosa homogenea e hyphis longitudinaliter or-dinatis hyalin is tenuiparietalibus 2-3,u crassis texta.

Pars fertils cylindracea equalis 5 cm longa 6 mm crassa apice obtusa,

obscure olivacea, apice plus minusve caeerulescente, subtilter verrucosa, basi

paler, wheiing into stthat of stl

Perithper If. "' :iof head co

tissue, olivnot so thicin diamete:

3 X 2'/.l.ConidiHab.

in forest ((Yasuo SUl

4) C((1875); W

Very ceiated, andly clubbed i

Bull. Nat. Sci. MUB., Vol. 6, No.3, July 1963 293

ex stipite non dilatata, sed gradatim transformis, medulla alba e hyphis 2-4,5.0crass is, tenuiparietalibus composita, cortice destituto.

Perithecia superficialia pyriformia densissime aggregata inter se contacta,520-550 X 260-280p, pariete olivaceo, basi ca lOp crasso, apice 25-30.0 crasso.

Asci 400-450 X 7-7.5p sursum attenuati, capitibus 5-6.5'l in diam. Articuliascosporarum cylindracei, utrinque truncati, 2.5-3 X 3p.

Mycelial mass occupying wholeinternal cavity of host boy, fleshy,

white. Only anterior part of hosthead covered with tomentose mycelialmat.

Stroma ¡irising from anterior partof head, cylindrical, single, fleshy, 14cm long.

Stalks 9 cm long, equal, 5-6 rnm indiameter, somewhat curved, stuffed,surface not glossy, glabrous, without

special peridial layer; medulla fleshy

homogeneous, densely composed of longi-tudinal hyphae, hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, without clamp, 2-3tL, in diame-ter.

Fertie part cylindric, equal 5 cm

long 6 mm thick. apex obtuse, withoutsterile tip, surface dark olivaceous in

whole (tea green-pea green), apical partsomewhat bluish, finely verrucose bydensely aggregating ostiola; ostiola

paler, whereas intermediate part darker j base of fertile part gradually transform-ing into stalk, not strictly defined with scattered perithecia; medulla same withthat of stalk, pure white, hyphae 2-3-4.5'p, thin-walled, cortex none.

Perithecia superficial, but apparently half-immersed by mycelial mat, up-per ll ,. 1f4 naked, pyriform, contacting with each other, those on lower limitof head completely superficial, 520-550 X 260-280p, walls composed of hyphaltissue, olive-coloured, ca lOp thick at base, 25-30p at upper part, ostiolal partnot so thick. Asci 400-450 X 7-7.5p, terminally attenuated, ca. 6tL cap 5-6.5tL

in diameter. Secondary ascospores short cylindric, truncate at both ends, 2.5-3 X 2'p.

Conidial state: Unknown.

Hab. On nymph of Oncotympana maculaticoUis, among grasses near riverin forest of broad-leaved trees and shrubs, Inego, Katta-gun, Miyagi Pref.

(Yasuo Suzuki, Aug. 16, 1958. Type no. 31 preserved in Herb. Nat. Sci. Mus.).

branch.ing sec.

t.

, differt.:i single,Lr some-sul'aceIe part.

ilumnar,at com-

t thirty

id, elon-

surfacecospores

WO m in

Aug. 21,

B ~~., C~"" , ..'l ~ ... . ....',., h','~. ~~~~øm ~

'Ó 51" 'Ør-.t seemsm, withat small

Fig. 2 C. inegoensisA. Section through peritheciaB, Apical part of asciC. Secondary ascospores

3 fig. E

,tromata2-6 ine, aboutrithecia.liberate,: 3.5-5p,

)t. 1912.

simplex,

CUB gla-

liter or-

obtusa,isa, basi

4) Cordyceps coxii Ollff, in Agr. Gaz. New South Wales 6:412 pi. 4 CoD

(1875); Wilis in Muelleria 1 (2) :75 (1657).Very close to C. selkirki, but with the perithecia shorter, more closely asso-

eiated, and rounded instead of expanded at the extremity; the asci more decided-

ly clubbed at the apical third and more gelatinous. Stroma more than 3 cm long,

'J


Ti

i

!'

bay brown, perithecia dark, brown to blackish-stipe glabrous, very slender, simpleor forked, perithecia acute, 0.2-.3 mm long.

Hab. On nymph or pupa of Cicad sp. and larva of Lepidiota sp. (Coleop-tera-Scarabaeidae), in vicinity of turpentine trees at Kurrajong Heights, NewSouth Wales of Australia (T. Cranstown, March 1895. Type in AustralianMuseum, Sydney?)

In 1941, the writer took the present species as synonymous to C. larvarum,together with C. selkirki.

Recently J. H. Wilis (National Herbarium of Victoria) opposed this treat-ment, considering it as a distinct species, and, now, the writer follows him.

5) Cordyceps minuta Y. Kobayasi sp. novoMycelia superficiem hospitem non contegentia.Stromata minutissima singularia e crusta hospitis oriunda, 3-.5 mm alta,

carnosa pallde lutescentia. Stipes cylindricus, fere equalis solidus plus minusvecurvatus et contortus 2-3 mm longus 0.3-0.5 mm crassus, glabrus pallde lutes-centes, textu e hyphis dense et longitudinaliter ordinatis, non inflatis, septatis,tenuiparietalibus, 2.5-3.5¡. crassis composito, peridio destituto. Pars fertils

ovoidea, globosa vel depresso-globosa, 1.2-1.5 mm longa, 1-2 mm crassa, palldelutescens, distincte mammilata, peridio distincto, pseudoparenchymatico, medullaut in stipite. Perithecia oblique semi-immersa, assymmetrico-ovoidea, 340-400 X

2::0-290.u. pariete 14.u crasso. Asc 120-150 X 3-5.u, capitibus 3¡. in diam.Articuli ascosporarum 4-6.u longo, graciles, tenuiores quam 1¡..

Mycelial mat and internal sclerotia none, without covering the host body.Stromata very small arising singly from external crusta of host, composed of

distinct fertile part and stalk, about 3-4.5 mm in total length, carnose, paleyellowish.

Stalk cylindric, almost equal, stuffed, curved and twisted, 2-3 mm long,0.3-0,5 mm in thickness, surface glabrous, pale yellowish. composed of denselyand longitudinally arranged, non inflated, sepate, thin-walled 2.5-3.5¡. thick hy-phae, peridium none.

Fertile part ovoid, globose or somewhat depressed globose, 1.2-1.5 mm high,1-2 mm in diameter, pale yellowish, distinctly mammilated with sparsely ar-ranged perithecia. Peri dial layer distinct, pseudoparenchymatous; inner tissuesame with that of talk. Perithecia obliquely inserted, half immersed, asym-

metric, ovoid, ostiola upwardly curved, 340-400 X 230-290/1, with 14.u thick wall.Asci 120-150 X 3-5.u. cap 3/1 in diameter. Secondary ascospores very thin.

thinner than 1/1, 4-6.u long.Conidial state: Unknown.

Nom. Jap. Kogome-semitakeHab. On adult body of Oncotympana maculaticollis, in forests, 780 m in

altitude, Mt. Ryogami, Saitama Pref. (D. Shimizu. Sept. 18, 1948. Type pre-served in Herb. N at. Sci. Mus.).

The host body was found in wholly skeletal state, destitute of whole in-ternal organs, leaving large cavity. Three stromata were growing almost super-ficially, two growing on upper side of head and one on lateral side of thorax.

Fiii.3

6) Cordyceps sobolifera CHilJ Berk. et Broome, in Journ. Linn. Soc.

Roy. Soc.

fig. 6 (17

SphaTorrCord

fig. 22 (J

Cord10: pi. 1

MycEwhite fie:hyaline, 1

Stromatahead ameincrassatiwhich pr

Stall!hyphae wdensely \\hyphae \\fuscescen

Fertiflcially siafter ma'

septate, :rectangulneck, ost400-470 )1- 1.3'.u, ti

Coni i

Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus.. Vol. 6, No.3. July 1963295

14:110 (1895); Massee in Ann. Bot.9:13 (1895); K. Hara in Bot. Mag,Tokyo 28:345 (1914) et in Honzo

6:130 (1932); Kawamura, in Bot.Mag. Tokyo 44:196 pl. 2 fig. 6-23(1930) et Icon. Jap. Fungi 8:824fig. 814 (1955); Lloyd, Myc. Writ.4:529 fig. 721 (1915), 568 (1916),

5:575 fig. 808, 809, p. 584 fig. 826

p. 607 (1916); Teng, in BioI. Lab.

Sc. Soc. China 8: 1 et 54 (1932) etin Sinensia 4:290 fig. 14 (1934);

Petch, in Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc.

18:64 (1933); Y. KobaYßsi, in Bull.Biogeogr. Soc. Japan 7 (1): 161

fig. 12, 13 (1939) et Gen. Cordycepsp. 125 figs. on p. 126, 127 (1941).

Syn. Clavaria sobolifera Hil,ex Watson et Hil in Phil. Trans,

Roy. Soc. 53:271 pl. 23 (1763); Müller, in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 4:219 pl. 7

fig. 6 (1770) et in Rozier's Observ. Physique ed. 2, 1:153 pi. 2 fig. 6 (1777).Sphaeria sobolifera Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2:207 (1843).Torrubia sobolifera Tul., Seil. Fung. Carp. 3 :10 pl. 1 fig. 32, 33 (1865).Cordyceps voelzkowii Henn., in Voeltzkow, Reise Ostafrica 3: 29 pl. 3

fig. 22 (1908).Cordyceps gracilis (non Dur. et Mont.) Petch, in Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc.

10: pi. 1 fig. 2 (1924).

Mycelia emerging from ecdysis line of host and forming polster on head,white fleshy, composed of hyphae which are 1.8-4,u thick, branched, septate,hyaline, thin-walled.

Stromata commonly single, rarely fasciculated by twos or threes, arising fromhead among polster, clavate or cylindric 2-8 em long, 2-6 mm thick, upwardlyincrassate or rarely equal, simple or with many lateral short branches at base,which produce conidia and become hollow after maturity.

Stalk glabrous, pale porphyreous, internally white, stuffed, composed of

hyphae which are 2.8-4.2:,u thick, septate, hyaline, thin-walled, longitudinally anddensely woven. Peridial layer 130-165,u in thickness, composed of loosely woven

hyphae which are 2.8-6.3,u thick, septate, branched, somewhat thick-walled andfuscescent.

Fertile part clavate, smoothly and obscurely continued from stalk, super-ficially smooth or punctate with ostiola, not mammilate, frequently excavatedafter maturity; cortex not distinct, composed of hyphae which are branched,septate, 2-5.6,u in diam., somewhat thick-walled, pale fuscescent. Peritheciarectangularly immersed, ampullaceous 500-600 X 220-260p, with somewhat longneck, ostiola somewhat prominent, walls hyaline 8-16,u thick. Asci cylindric400-70 X 5.6-6.3,u, caps globose 4.8-5.2,u. thick. Secondary ascospores 6-12 X1-1.3p, truncate at both ends.

Conidial state. Formed as special fruitbody or as lateral short branches

simple

t(R, treat-m.

~oleop-;, Newlralian C i SI"' I~~. .varum,

malta,ilinusve~ lutes-

eptatis,fertiispallde

medulla)-400 XL diam.

Fig. 3 C, minutaA. Median section through fertile partB. Apical part of asciC. Secondary ascosporesD. Cortex of fertile part

it body.

iosed of

se, pale

m long,denselyhick hy-

1m high,

'sely ar-

!r tissuel, asym-

ick wall.

ry thin.

780 m in'ype pre-

Nhole in-,st super-thorax.

inn. Soc.


of stromata. In the former case, fruitbody arising from ecdysis line of head,

sessile or stipitate, 1-5 cm high, fleshy, cinnamon-coloured; stalk soliary orcaespitose, cylindric or clavate, solid, simple or irregularly branched.

Fertie part (pycnidium) terminal or lateral, frequently conglomerate cap-

itate, clavate or ellpsoid, 4-6 mm long 2-3 mm thick, apically obtuse or subacute,frequently pored at maturity, composed of peridium, conidial part and medulla;

peridium cinnamon-coloured, composed of irregularly woven hyphae which are2.8-6.3¡i in diameter, somewhat thick-walled, septate, branched, mingled withchlamydospores which are globose or elongate, 5-14¡i long, hyaline, solitary orchained; conidial part composed of conidiophores and conidia, the former elong-ate, hyailne, 2.5-.5,u in diameter, septate, the latter terminal or lateral, ellpsoidor fusiformed, hyaline, 6.5-10.5 X 2.5-'¡i. Medulla composed of longitudinally

arranged, thin, 1.7-2.1¡i thick hyphae, stuffed at first, then excavated.Nom. Jap. Semitake, Tunozemi.

Hab. (host) Platypleura kaempferi Fabr. (Japan); Proalba hilaris Germ.(Jamaic, St. Thomas-det. by Gray as Cicada albiflo8 and Cicada tomentosa);Proalba chariclo Walk. (Cuba-det. by Gray as Cicada chariclo); Rihanamesochlora Walk. (Jamaica-det. by Gray as Cicada mesochlora).

Bfì ~Cí/

D

F ~(~ç:Oc=

E

°RI~\o

----.,/:=

I

~'--._~ . ~dl ;1;--¡ ,~- -i~~~~~~,~.2:~~

pleura kD

sobolifem14:110 (UMassee afrom Soulonthae.they are

photograiBahama, 'Both sta~the fungi

althoughCord

Japan 7

Syn.

Fig. 5 CtudinaB. COil

CavityterialConidi'(Musaiof per

"i~"""

~Fig. 4 C. 8obolifera A. Section through perithecia x1100

B. Apical part of asci X 1100 C. Secondary ascospores X 1100

D. Peridium of fertile part x720 E. Section through stalk x720

Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Vol. 6, No.3, July 1963

~ Honhsû: Minakawa-mura, To-tigi Pref. (T. Ino, 1938). Kuma-gaya, Saitama Pref. (Tosio Kimu-ra, Aug. 15, 1953), Y okose-mura,

Saitama Pref. (Sadaya Sakamoto,

Aug. 1, 1949). Mt. Hotosaii, Ti-tibu, Saitama Pref. (W, Igeta,Aug. 19, 1921). Nisiomati, AitiPref. (Zennosuke Iwatuki, July 4,1951). Higasi-kasugaigun, AitiPref. (M. Nomura, Jul. 1932);

Atuta (M. Hiroe, Jul. 1938); Na-

kahataya and Tigusa-mati, Nago-

ya (S. Katô, Sept. 1922).

Kyûshû: Kuranaga, Ginsui-mura, Miike-gun, Kumamoto Pre!.(T. Tateisi, Jul. 1!)33). Obi, Ni-

tinansi, Miyazaki Pref. (Takesi

Kanamaru, Jul. 7, 1956).Other localities: Tokyo (Ue-

no Park), Kyoto, Takatuki, Akasi-

si, Hukuoka, Ooita Pref.Distr. West Indies: Dominica

(Watson), Martinique (Hil, Tulas-ne), Guadolloupe, Vegitans, St.Thomas (Gray), Jamaica (Gray),Cuba, (Gray), Bahama (Lloyd),

Mexico (Ells and Everhart),Ceylon (Petch), Madagascar (Hen-nings), China, Nanking (Teng).

So far as the Japanese fungusis concerned, it seems to be con-fined to one kind of cicada (Plaly-

pleura kaempferi). The fungus which was re¡xrted by Berkeley and Broome as C.

sobolifera on cockchafer larvae (in Fungi of Ceylon no. 978, in Journ. Linn. Soc,

14:110 (1875)) is not this species, but Cordyceps barnesii as already ¡xinted out byMassee and Petch. Moreover, Massee reported a fungus on the larva of beetlefrom South America under the name C. sobolilera, but this seemes to be C. Melo-ionthae. Judging from the figures drawn by Watson and Fougeroux de Bonderoy,

they are conidial stllge. On the other hand, the figure drawn by Tulasne, and the

photograph ilustrated by Lloyd, based on the specimens from Martinique and

Bahama, are all normal perithecial stage with the conidial lateral branches (soboles).Both stages are found commonly in the same locality of Japan. Petch reported

the fungus which has oval or subglobose and sharply defined head from Ceylon,

although the specimens from Japan have exclusively cylindrical or clavate heads.Cordyceps sobolifera var. takaoensis Y. Kobayasi, in Bull. Biogeogr. Soc.

Japan 7 (1) :165 (1939).Syn. Cordyceps takaoensis Y. Kobayasi, Gen. Cordyceps p. 130 figs. on

if head,

tary or

ite cap-

ibacute,uedulla;lIch aread withitary or

r elong-

allpsoidudinally

~ Germ.:ntosa) ;Rihana

c:.r:t-.¡-,: ~\ .

:: ';~i:-'"-~~""~:: .1

¡

Fig. 5 Conidial state of C.8obolifera A. Longi-

tudinal section of pycnidium X 8 A. PeridiumB, Conidiferous part c. Medullary layer D,

Cavity B-C. Conidiophores and conidia (Ma-

terial from Mino) D-E. Chlamydospores F.Conidium (Higasikasiigaigun) G. Conidium

(Musasi) H. Conidium (Nagoya) i. Hyphaeof peridium (B-1 ca X 900).

~?-""3;~~~-=~ir~~-=~5=5~s;

lO

297

298 KOBAYASI and SHIMIZU Monographic Studies of Cordyceps 2.

p. 131 (1941).

Mycelial mat enveloping the host body, tomentose, irregularly woven by hyphaewhich are 8.5-15',u in diameter, thick (ca 2,u) walled, brown, septate, dichotom-

oiisly branched. Stroma solitary clavate, 2.5 cm high, dry, brown or cinnamon-coloured. Stalks cylindric, internally composed of hyphae which are hyaline,septate, 2-2.8p in diameter, excavated at maturity peridium 50,u thick, composed

of 1.4-2,8,u thick, brown hyphae. Fertile part 1.5 emlong, gently continued with stalk, densely mam-milate; cortex 330-400,u thick, loosely composed of2.5-3.5,u thick, brown hyphae. Perithecia pyriformed,510-530,u long, to 300,u in diameter, walls 20,u thick,

ostiola conically protruding, to 130,u high. Asci ca7 p in diameter. Secondary ascospores 3.5-6.5 X 1. 7-2.3,u truncate at both ends,

Nom. Jap. Higurasitake.Hab. On nymph of Tanna japonensis. Mt.

Takao-san, Tokyo-to (Y. Kobayasi, Jul. 1936. Type

in Nat. Sci. Museum.).

7) Cordyceps sinclairii Y. Kohayaei, in Journ.Jap. Bot. 24: 176 fig. 1,2 (A) (1949).

Mycelial mat partly covering the host body,

tomentose-membranaceous, pale ochraceous. Stroma

arising from the head, fasciculated with several syn-nemata of conidial state, cylindric, ca 2 cm long.

Stalk ca 1 em long, equal, 1 rom thick, fuliginose, homogeneously tomentose; cortex

composed of longitudinally and densely arranged hyphal' layer; hairs of cortex,simple and short. Fertile part terminal, cylindric, c&' 1 cm long, gradually trans-forming from stalk, 1 mm thick, attenuated, surface minutely punctate withostiola, ochraceous. Perithecia totally immersed, rectangularly arranged, ovoid,180 X 2ïOu. Asci immatured.

Hab. On nymph of Meimuna

~~cfJ 0, C:, f\l" c:," , \:'V c:F\

Fig. 6 C. sobolifera var.

takaoensis A. Section

through perithecia x35B. Apical part of asci

xIlOO C. Secondaryascospores X 1100

!' ~'?

A ~~g~. B,,~.11 'f

L

J'~:~

,,"

_..l!

the coni

COIIsa

1197 fi~Y. Kob:

p. 242

Syi

c

opalifera. Minenoyakusi, Musasi Provo (Y.

Kisi, Aug. 15, 1943. Type in Herb. Nat. Sci,Museum).

This species was found only once inimmature state, fasciculated with six syn-nemata of conidial form on the same hostbody. The basal parts of these fruitboiesare united into one short stalk. Fromthis fact, it is presumed that the perfectstage of this species may he ordinarily de-

generated, giving up its fertilty to the

prosperous imperfect form. Although thename Cordyceps sinclairii was erroneouslyused for Is aria sinclairii by Saccardo, Cun-

ningham and Ollff, the writer refrains fromgiving a new name such as C. neosinclairiifor the reason that lsaria sinclairii is only

I"

Veg. 'I6 :410 (fig. 2 (

lsalsa'

K. Aka(1909).

lsaSoc. My

¡saBot. M~

et 32:26

806 fig.maza waet 70 ((1932).

Eniternal c

coverin~mentosehead, fl2-5 fasflexuosewhat cc

o:iametepale oc)

which aarrangewalled,cortexhyphaeseptate,Fertilehrancheoutline,meratewhite 0

rinaceoi

Fig. 7 C. sinclciirii A. Habit

X 213 B. Perithecial stromaX 1.3 C. Peripheral layer

of stalk

, hyphaeichotom-nnamon-hyaline,

~omposert 1.5 cm

y mam-posed of"iformed,O,u thick,

Asci ca

ì.5 X 1.7-

sis. Mt.

36. Type

n J ourn.

st boy,Stroma

eral syn-:m long,e; cortex( cortex,

Iy trans-ite with

d, ovoid,

rov. (Y.

Nat. Sci,

once insix syn-

,me hostuitbodies

From, perfect

arily de-

to theiugh the

'oneously'do, Cun-,ins from'inclairiiï is only

Bull. Nat. Sei. Mus., Vol. 6, No.3, July 1963 299

the conidial form of the former.Conidial stateIsaria sinclairii (Berk.) Lloyd, in Myc. Writ. 7:1179 fig. 2369 (1923) et p.

1197 fig. 2447 (1923); Petch, in Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 10 :39 fig. 1 (1924);Y. Kobayasi, in Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan 9 :167 (1939) et Gen. Cordyceps

p. 242 figs. on p. 243 (1941).

Syn. Sphaeria sinclairii Berk. in Hooker, FL. New Zealand 2:338 (1855).

Torrubia caespitosa Tul. SeL. Fung. Carp. 3: 11 (1865).Cordyceps caespitosa (Berk.) Sacco in Michelia 1 :320 (1878).Cordyceps sinclairii (Berk.) Sacco Syll. Fung. 2:577 (1883); Cooke,

Veg, Wasps p. 280, fig. 43-45 (1892); Ollff, in Agr. Gaz. New South Wales6 :410 (1895); Cunningham, in Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst. 53 :375 pI. 62fig, 2 (1921).

lsaria arbuscula Hariot, in Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 8 :67 (1892).

Isa1'sa amorph.a Höhnel, in Stzb.K. Akad. Wiss. Wien 118 no. 276

(1909).Isaria harioti Arnaud, in Bull.

Soc. Myc. France 31:20 (1915).lsaria cosnwpsaltriae Yasuda., in

Bot, Mag. Tokyo 35:220 fig. 2 (1921)et 32:263 (1918); Lloyd, Myc. Writ 5:

806 fig. 1254 (1918); Yakusizi et Ku-mazawa, in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 44:40et 70 (1930); Hara, in Honzô 6:143

(1932).Endosclerotia occupying the in-

ternal cavity of host; mycelial mat

covering the host body, white to-mentose, Stromata arising from thehead, fleshy 1-6.5 cm long. Stalks2-5 fasciculated, simple, or forked,f1exuose, slender cylindric or some-

what compressed, stuffed, 1-2 mm in¿iameter, internally white, yellow or

pale ochraceous, composed of hyphae

which are longitudinally and denselyarranged, 2-6.3,u in diameter, thin-walled, abruptly constricted, hyaline;cortex composed of loosely woven

hyphae which are 1.7-2,u, thin-walled,septate, pale ochraceous, branched.

Fertile part terminal on stalk or itsbranches, ellpsoid or tuberiform in

outline, soliary, frequently conglo-

merate or flabellformed, 2-8mm, long,

white or ochraceous, superficially fa-rinaceous with conidia. Conidia pro-

¡

'I

!

i

ì

i

I

i

¡

¡iI

ii

!¡:

.'íi

i

.1

i¡iI

!i

I

I

i

I

i

1

Fig. 8 Isaria sinclairii x 1100. A. Fertile

hyphae bearing three capitules B-F.Fertile hyphae bearing small capitulesa) conidium b) phialides c) prophialidesG-H. conidium

I1'.

T

300 KOBAYASI and SHIMIZU ; Monographic Studies of Cordyceps 2.

'ii

duced in conglomerated masses. Fertie hyphae creeping or erect, hyaline, septate,3.5-5.3,u in diameter. Prophialides acro-pleurogenous, globose or ellpsoid, with orwithout secondary prophialides. Phialides 1 or several on prophialides, ampullaceous,3.5-7 X 2,5-3.5p, hyaline, bearing one conidium on its top. Conidia 15-40p indiameter, o\'oid or elongate-llpsoid or fusiformed, frequently curved, 5-9 X 2-3,u,

hyaline,Xom. Jap, Tukutukuhousi-take

Hab. Host. Nymphs of cicadas.Meimuna opalifera (Japan), Graptopsalt1'ia nigrofuscata (Japan), Platy-

pleU?'a kaempfe1'i (Japan), Melampsalta cingulata (New Zealand), Melampsaltacruentata (New Zealand).

Honshû: Mt. Dainenji, Sendai-si (A, Yasuda, Aug. 21, 1917, on Meimuna-Type of ¡saria cosmopsaltriae in Herb. Nat. Sci. Mus.). Kasukabe, SaitamaPref. (.July 1950, on Meimuna). Tokyo Bot. Gard. (E. Yasusiji, M. Kumazawaand Y. Kobayasi, JuL.-Aug. 1930-37, on Jfeimuna and Graptopsaltria). Hujimati,

Sengen Shrine, Sizuoka Pref. (M. Yago and M. Katô, Aug. 1, 1938, on Platy-pleura) .

Distr. New Zealand (Berkeley, Cunningham), Mexico (Hariot), Madagascar

(Arnaud, Hennings), Ceylon (Petch), Java (v. Höhnèl), China (Lloyd).In Japan, the present species is found commonly on the nymphs of Meimuna

opalitem in summer and has long been known as 'flowering cicada.'

A

B?:'= = ""~

8) Cordyceps longissirna y, Kobayasi sp. novoMycelia superficiem hospitis contegentia, tenue floccosa, pallde purpureo-

fuscata. Stroma e parte superiore capitis oriundum, singulare cum stipiteelongato et parte fertile clavata.

Stipes plerumque simplex, 1-3 cm longus, 1.5-2 mm crassus, gracils,coriaceus, irregulariter curvatus, contortus, sursum incrassatus firme carnosus,longitudinalier sulcatus, glabrus vel paullo pubescens, pallde fuscatus, intus e

hyphis hyalin is multiseptatis, ramosis, 3-4.5,u crass is constructus; cortice dis-tincto ca. 100,u crasso, ex hyphis longitudinaliter ordinatis crassiparietalibus,pallde fuscatis laxe texto. Pars fertils elongata clavata ex stipite non distincta,

3-4 em longa, utrinque attenuata vel sursum incrassata, 5-6 mm crassa, curvata,apice rotundata, pallde rufescens, minutissime punctata; cortice pseudoparenchy-matico 55-60,u crasso, pallde fuscato. Perithecia omnio immersa dense ordinata,avo idea, sine colls, 600-650 X 280-310.u; pariete 18-24,u crassis; ostiolis paulloprotrudentibus. Asci cylindrici 5-6,u crassi, capitibus ca. 4,u in diam" Articuliascosporarum cylindracei, utrinque obtusi 9-11 X 1-1.u.

Mycelial mat covering the host body, thin, floccose, pale purplish brown(Light Vinaceous-Cinnamon).

Stroma arising from upper side of head, single with long stalk and clavatefertie part.

Stalk commonly simple, rarely with short sterile branch, 10-13 em long,1.5-2 mm thick, slender, coriaceous, irregularly curved and twisted, upper part0-2 cm) incrassate, firm-carnose, gradually transforming into fertie part, otherpart coarsely and longitudinally sulcate, glabrous or slightly pubescent, pale

brown (testaceous or fuligineous) ; cortex distinct, about 100,u thick, composed

of loosely and longitudinally woven hyphae which are thick-walled with inner

:(~~~;.r'~~folding:compos,gregate

Feincrass;Buff) ,borderpale br(same wapex 0:thick, c

cylindrituse at

NoHa


septate,with or

laceous,-40,c inX 2-3,u.

A

Platy-, i'lpsalta

Ii

eimuna i

¡laitamaInazawa!

ijimati,I

Platy-

igascar

eimuna

B-r==# \~ À~~ .i:-f ~ l~~~~~~Cl '~CO'-

V(~h~ fV~r~)-"'=-~ -1KS! d~~)J~ ~ ~r1 __'~l~~~~ ~~~rpureo-

stipite

rracils,rnosus,intus e

,ce dis- i

talibus,

, istincta,urvata,

Irenchy-i

'dinata, \

paullo\.rticuli

brown

clavate

n long,er part

t, otherit, palemposed1 inner

C £ja ?J' '",.. ,~~ ' i :v

)l'L': (. :1~~l~' ;:.. . _Lv..i~ ./t¡ (.ç.~')~- ~.' rF-'" "-

"'-Ì~~""J ~ ~iJ. .J~-"")I~~ \ë'l.Y'~'.. I,''',,, 'V. ff'''''V'(' 2~ 'f '¡":""C '''CfX ~ (\- ~~".'(-0'T;t (;;¿:C \),if-U~ -_a A

=Ç "I,g, ,l. (' '~",Jr- j""~-l l' ~,;!-i , '-,f'i 0"')(''' Yh j(ìf" -- I i~ ¡:D~ll~ /'~-;'i"\ r__, ,rr~~,"=, 5:,,~,~ î ~ /1-:( , '-r ~I /c'~

~~'\'" ',,",J. S ',I "\ I~"" '~"if) ,'i ~: "..iI '~ i~ '

E

Fig. 9 C. longi8sima A. Section through perithecia B. Section

through subperithecial layer C. Cortex of fertile part D.superficial hyphae of stalk E. Apical part of asci F, Secondaryascospores

foldings, septate and branched, pale brown, sinuate, partly incrassate; medulla

composed of longitudinally arranged hyphal tissue, firm, colourless, hyphae ag-gregated, multi septate, branched, 3-4.5,u thick.

Fertile part long clavate, 3-4 cm long, attenuated at both ends or upwardlyincrassate, 5-6 mm thick, curved, with obtuse end, pale orange brown (Cinnamon-Buff), very minutely punctate with darker ostiola, about 4 inter 1 mm, lowerborder oblique or incised; cortex finelly pseudopai'enchymatous, 55-60,u thick,

pale brown, inner part gradually transforming into elongated cell-tissue, medullasame with that of stalk, Perithecia wholly embedded, densely arranged to the

apex of fertile part, ovoid 'without neck, 600-650 X 280-310ll; walls 18-20,u

thick, composed of thin cells, ostiola slightly protruding and slightly thick. Ascicylindric, 5-61.L in diameter, caps 4,u wide. Secondary ascospores cylindric, ob-tuse at both ends, 9-11 X 1-1.2:1,

Nom. Jap. EzoharuzemitakeHab. In nymph of Tanna japonensis. Inego, Hukusima Pref. (D. Shimizu,

~,

,~ r


July 22, 1959-Type no. 44 in Nat. Sci. Mus.). Ooisizawa, Tugawa, Nisiokitama-gun, Yamagata Pref. (Kazuko Suzuki, Aug. 21, 1960).

The specimen collected in Ooisizawa is paler-coloured form with ochraceous(Cinnamon-Buff) fertile part.

J.

9) Cordyceps yakusimensis Y. Kobayasi sp. novoMycelia ex "ecdysis line" capitis vel intersegmentis corporis prorumpentia

pulvinata, floccosa, cinereo-fuscata. Stroma ad 14 em attingentia, e parte interoculos hospitis oriundum. Stipes simplex vel dichotomosim ramosus gracile

cylindricus, solidus, irregulariter contortus, 8-11 cm longus, 1.5-2 mm crassus,sursum incrassatus, glabrus, ochraceus; medulla e hyphis longitudinaliter ordi-natis, 3.7-6,( crassis compositus, "hyphal knot" intermixtus, sine cortice.

Pars fertils subulato-cylindrica 15-28 X 2.8-3.5 mm, interdum partemsterilem gracile apicaliter praedita, basi ex stipite abrupte dilatata, olivaceo-

ochracea, minute punctata, ostiolis non protrudentibus; peridio pseudoparenchy-matico, superficie hyphas 5,u crassas fuscatas verrucosas emittente; medulla ehyphis 2.5-5,u crass is, crassiparietalibus et "hyphal knot" compos ita. Perithecia

omnino immersa, anguste ovoidea vel fere navicularia, 740-800 X 170-230,u, collsdestitutis, pariete 21-23,( crasso. Asci 270-310 X 5,(, Articuli ascosporarum

elongato-cylindracei, truncati 10-15 X 1,u.Mycelial covering destitute, only pulvinate mycelial mat produced along

ecdysis line or between segments, floccose, greyish brown.Stroma very long attaining 14 cm, arising from the apical part between

eyes. Stalk simple or dichotomously with short branch on the upper part (sterilebranch looks like cut off accidentally), slender cylindric, stuffed, irregularlycontorted, 8-11 cm long, 1.5-2 mID thick, upwardly somewhat incrassate, surfaceglabrous, pale clay-coloured "Cartridge Buff to Cream-Buff"; medulla composedof longitudinal hyphae which are loosely woven, 3.7-6',( thick, with pitted orfolded innerwall, mingled with hyphal knot, superficially without forming specialperidial layer, but composed of loosely woven hyphae which are 3-4,( in diameter,sometimes forming free hairs, the wall of which has remarkable pits and foldings.

Fertie part subulate-cylindric, 15-28 X 2.8-3.5 mm, sometimes with shortsterile tip, remarkably defined from stalk and abruptly incrassate, surface olivace-ous clay-coloured (Olive-Buff), minutely punctate with almost embeddedperithecia, without protruding ostiola, 4-5 inter 1 mm; peridiallayer not special-ly constructed, but composed of pseudoparenchymatous layers of large cells, send-ing out hyphae which are 5,u thick, pale brown, verrucose; subperithecial layerpseudoparenchymatous, inward gradually transforming into hyphallayer; medulla

composed of hyphal layer mingled with hyphal knot, hyphae 2.5-5,( thick, some-what thick-walled, with irregular thicknings and indentation, hyphal knot pro-

vided with pits and verrucae. Perithecia wholly embeddèd, narrow ovoid or

almost naviculate, 740-800 X 170-230,(, without protruding ostiola, neck almost

destitute, wall 21-23,(, thick, composed of very thin cells, Asci 270-310 X 5,u,Seconary ascospores long cylindrical, somewhat attenuated on both sides, terminal-ly truncate, 10-15 X 1,(.

Nom. Jap. Yakusima-semitakeHab. On nymph of Meimuna tsuchidai. In forests along Suzu-river, Ono-

aida, Yaku Is!. (D. Shimizu, Jul. 17, 1952-Type in Herb. Nat. Sci Museum).

1...--.

..

10)My.

iter oriiobscurecurvatuglabrusordinatiexcavat:6-12 mi

promineminusvEitudinalnon-infi,290,u, cu

sursumdiam..

My,13-14 c

tama-

iceous

¡¡entiainter

:racileass us,ordi-

,artemvaceo-mchy-ulla e

thecia, collsrarum

along

itweensterile:ularlyurfaceiposedted or

3pecialmeter,ldings.short

livace-;)eddedpecial-, send-i layeriedl1llasome-

)t pro-

oid or

almost) X 5pi,'minal-

r, Ono-I) .

,-- '1----'-

i

-i

Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus.. Vo\. 6. No.3. July 1963 303

B

F 6. i

-.'

Fig. 10 C. yakusimensis A. Section through perithecia B. Cortexof fertile part C. Peridial layer of stalk D. Surface hyphae of

fertile part E. Hyphal knot of stalk F. Secondary ascospores

10) Cordyceps ryogamimontana Y. Kobayasi sp. novoMycelia hospitem non contegentia. Stromata caespitosa ex hospite ventral-

iter ol'il1nda, simplicia, paullo cUl'vata 2-2.5 cm longa, coriaceo-carnosa, elastica,obscure olivacea vel fere nigrescentia. Stipes cylindricus equalis plus minusve

curvatus 10-15 mm longus, 1.5 mm crassus, solidus obscure olivaceo-fuscatusglabrus vel paullo scabrus, cortice destituto; medulla e hyphis longitudinaliterordinatis pallde fuscescentibus 2-5-5p in diam. contexta, interne laxa, frequenterexcavata. Pars fertils cylindrica equalis vel clavata vel fusiformis, apice obtusa6-12 mm longa, 1.8-2.5 mm crassa, basi e stipite obscuriter distincta, ostiolisprominentim protrudentibus, pallde olivaceo-fuscatis, dense aggregatis, plusminusve assurgentibus; peridio obsculiter fuscato, 60,u crasso e cellulis long-itudinaliter ordinatis subcylndricis composito; medulla e hyphis 2-2.5,u crassis,non-inflatis septatis texta. Perithecia omnino immersa, ovoidea 400-4GO X 270-

290,u, cum colls; pariete tenue 13-15p. obsculiter fuscato; ostiolis protrudentibussursum dilatatis, crassiparietalibus. Asci 220-270 X 4-5pi capitibus 3-4,u indiam.. Artculi ascosporarum cylindracei, utrinque truncati 6-10 X 1-1.2,u.

Mycelial mass in host body not so dense. Mycelial mat destitute. Stromata13-14 caespitosely grown on the ventral side of pro

thorax and abdomen of

L,

1 r


epigaeoiis adult body of host, simple somewhat curved, 2-2.5 cm in total length,coriaceous fleshy, elastic, dark olivaceous or almost black.

Stalks cylindric, equal, somewhat curved, 10-15 mm long, 1.5 mm thick,stuffed, dark, olivaceous brown, smooth or slightly scabrous; cortex destitute;medulla composed of longitudinal hyphae which are pale brown, 2.5-5t., noninflated, with thin granulose walls, internal tissue loosely woven, frequentlyexcavated.

Fertile part terminal, cylindric, equal or clavate or fusiform with obtuseend, 6-12 mm long, 1.8-2.5 mm in diameter, at base obscurely defined fromstalk with scattered perithecia, ostioles prominently high, pale olivaceous brown,densely distributed, 4-5 inter 1 mm, somewhat upwardly directed; peridiumdark-brown in section, 60;t. in thickness, composed of interweaving and long-itudinally arranged hyphae of short, subcylindric, inflated cells, external hyphae::hairy with graniiious walls, internally transformed into medullary layer; sub-

peritheclongitudgranuloi

Per400-460above tl270 X 4-truncate

COT

NoiHa

japoniciOct. 10,

Sept. 21

11)Str

parte ~

rhizomeregularsalida,fuscatacortice.crassa,punctat5-9ll clcomposibus 18,

fere cu

M~

of it a~

mouthSt:

lower rsurfacEsomewlfinely ;tissueing sp.

FEdiametbecomTcolourewhite,in diaT

matoUE680-749.u thie

E

Fl1,c \ItL:

(:~.F ~

\\

'.

c

,

Fig, 11 C. ryogamimontana A. Section through peritheciaB. Cortex and medulla of fertile part C. Longitudinal sec-

tion of wall of perithecia D. Peridial layer of stalk E.Apical part of asci F. Secondary ascospores

length,

thick,ititute;'l1, non:luently

obtusei frombrown,,ridiumI long-

phae::'; sub-

, 1--'--

:

, ii

i

. ii

--

Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Vol. 6. No.3, July 1963 305

peritheciallayer composed of irregularly interweaving hyphae; medulla of sinuouslongitudinal hyphae which are 2-2.5 l1 in diameter, non-inflated, septate, withgranulous walls, without clamp.

Perithecia completely embedded, some one slightly upwardly directed, ovoid,400-460 X 270-290l1, with protruding and upwardly dilated ostiola (about 15l1above the surface of fertie part), wall thin, 13-151,u dark brown. Asci 220-270 X 4-5l1, caps 3-4,u in diameter. Secondary ascospores cylindric, very thin,truncated at both ends, 6-10 X 1-1.2'l1.


~om, Jap. Suzuki-semitake

Hab. On adult body of Oncotympana maculaticollis (Type) and Tibicenjaponicus. Mt. Ryogami, Titibu (Takekuni Suzuki, Aug. 25, 1951, cultured tilOct. 10, 1951-Type no. 339 in Herb. Nat. Sci. Mus,), Mt. Ryogami (D. Shimizu,Sept. 25, 1950, no. 287 on T'ibicen).

11) Cordyceps toriharamontana Y. Kobayasi sp. novo

Stromata soliaria, simplicia, 10 cm alta, ex are hospitis oriunda. Stipes eparte supera et parte inferiore compositus, parte inferiore cylindrica, nonrhizomorpha, contorta, ca. 3-4 mm crassa, alba vel pallde ochracea, glabra, ir-regular iter sulcata, parte 'supera cylindrica crassa, 15 X 4 mm, equule, recta,

salida, glabra, longitudinaliter et subtilter sulcata et granulosa, pallide cinereo-

fuscata, interne alba, carnea, e hyphis longitudinaliter ordinatis composita, sine

cortice. Pars fertils elongata obpyriformis, subcompressa, 1-8 em longa, 1 cm

crassa, apice rotundata, basi ex stipite abrupte dilatata, obscure olivaeea, dense

punctata; ostiolis pallidiore coloratis, non acutis, textu interno albo e hyphis5-9,/ crassis interne granulosis composito; cortex e textu pseudoparench~'matico

composito. Perithecia oblonga, cum collo elongato, 680-740 X 290-340l1, pariet-ibus 18-23,u crass is. Asci 9,u crassi, capitibus 5l1 in diam. Articuli ascosporanimfere cuboidei, 1.5-2.5 X 1.5-1.7 l1.

Mycelial mat not covering the host body, but produced at the ventral sideof it as cushion-like mass, white, floccose. Stroma solitary, simple, arising frommouth of host, almost attaining 10 cm high.

Stalks composed of upper (exposed) part and lower (underground) part,lower part cylindrical, never rhizomorphous, twisted, about 3-4 mm thick, stuffed,su1'aee white or pale ochraceom~, glabrous, irregularly furrowed, upper part

somewhat thick cylindrical, 15 X 4 mm, equal straight, stuffed, surface glabrous,finely and longitudinally furrowed and granulous, pale cinereous brown, innertissue white, fleshy, composed of longitudinally arranged hyphae, without form-ing special peridial layer.

Fertile part elongated, obpyriform, subcompressed, 1.8 cm long, 0.6 cm indiameter, apically rounded, distinctly confined from stalk. dark olivaceous, not

becomming black when immersed, densely punctate with ostiola; ostiola palercoloured, rounded, not so acute, density of them 3-- inter 1 mm, inner tissuewhite, composed of hyphae which are loosely woven, various in thickness, 5-9l1in diameter, with granulous projections on inner side; cortex pseudoparenchy-

matous, brown, without ectal layer. Perithecia oblong, with somewhat long neck.

680-740 X 290-340l1, wall 18-23.u in thickness, projections of ostiola lo\\, Asci

9,u thick, caps about 5p in diameter. Secondary ascospores very short, almost

!'

:¡

i"Ii

i

~ 1

iI

1

I

i¡

¡

j

i

i

l

'I

:!


~~/;,¡¡i--"

CD (J¡nf~\ r\

c ~l)Æ'~l!¡¡ D

l) nIØ m l;

CJ, m:i" W

Fig. 12 C. toriharamontana A. Section through peritheciaB. Cortex of fertie part C. Apical part of asci D, Secon-

dary ascospores

cuboid in side view, 1.5-2-2.5,u long, 1.5-1.7,u wide.

Conidial state: UnknownNom. Jap. Tampo-ezozemitakeHab. On nymph of Tibicen bihamatus. In Fagus forests, Mt. Torihara of

Asahi, Yamagata Pref. (D. Shimizu, Sept. 26, 1960).In appearance, this seems to be near Cordyceps ophioglossoides, differing

however, in stalk which is neither orange-coloured nor provided with rhizo-

morphous mycelial strang, and in perithecia which is larger and elongated.

12) Cordyceps paradoxa Y. Kobayasi, in Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Jap. 9 :156(1939) et Gen. Cordyceps p. 137 (1941).

Syn. Cordyceps ophioglossoides (non Fr.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5 :809 fig. 1260(1918).

Mycelial mass in host body firm, fleshy, white. Mycelial mat not coveringthe host, but mycelial strand emerging from dorsal or lateral side of head andthorax, ascending, white, irregularly divided or entangled, sometimes formingmembrane, attaining 2 cm long. Stroma arisiT,g from underground membraneor mycelial strang, solitary, simple, 4-9 em long, firm fleshy.

Stalk cylindric, 2-5 em long, 4-6 mm thick, almost equal, somewhat com-pressed, stuffed, pale ochraceous to dark olivaceous (Ecru-Olive to Buffy Olive),tomentose or almost glabrous; cortex 90-140,u thick, composed of hyphae whichare 2-5,u, septate, hyaline, externally sending short branches; medulla denselycomposed of hyphae which are longitudinally arranged, 1.8-2.8p thick, septate.

Fertie part oblong or clavate, distinct from stalk, 1.2-2.5 cm long, somewhatcompressed, same coloured with stalk or dark (Olive); ostiola densely arranged,

.,

somewhamatous, 'diameterseptate,ovoid, 5fcylindricascospor'

Con:NonHab

Graptopi

NearSci. Mu:Kanie, JMuseum1959, 01

13)(1939)fig. 815(1961) .

SyrEn,

composewith oilon dors

long, tc

Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus.. Vol. 6, No.3. July 1963307

,j!i

somewhat protruding, 2-3 inter 1 mm; cortex 43-60,u thick, pseudoparenchy-

matous, composed of 2-3 layers of cells which are globose or ovoid, 2.5-3.5,u indiameter; medulla white, composed of hyphae which are irregularly arranged,septate, 1.5-2.8:,u thick. Perithecia wholly immersed, rectangularly arranged,ovoid, 550-700 X 280-350,u, with short neck, walls hyaline, 16-21,u, thick. Asci

cylindric, 330-400 X 6-7.5,u; caps somewhat large, 4-5,u in diameter. Secondaryascospores short cylindric, truncate at both ends, 3-5 X 1.5-2,u.

Conidial state: UnknownNom. Jap. Umemura-semitakeHab. Grown on the hypogaeous nymphs of Plat,ypleura kaempferi and

Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata.

c

ara of

fering ,irhizo-

I

d.i

9:156,\

\ii

t. 1260

iveringad and:irmingnbrane

Lt com-Olive) ,i whichdensely~tate.mew hat

'ranged,

~ r;:.::-:......-~:.:'"'Y.". .~~Fig. 13 C. paradoxa A. Section through perithecia B.

Cortex of fertile part C. Apical part of asci D.Secondary ascospores

Near Nagoya (J. Umemura, Nov. 15, 1930, on platypleul'a-Type in Herb. Nat.Sci. Museum), Suemorijôsi, Nagoya (J. Umemura, Nov. 1918 on Platypleura),Kanie, Awagôri (J. Umemura, March 10, 1919, on Gmptopsaltria-Herb, Nat. Sci.Museum). In Quercus-forest, Minamihara, Yonezawa-si, (D. Shimizu, Sept. 7,1959, on nymph (Sixth stage) of MeÍ1nuna opalifera).

13) Cordyceps heteropoda Y. Kobayasi, in Bull, Biogeogr. Soc. Jap. 9 :158(1939) et Gen. Cordyceps p. 144 (1941); Kawamura, Icon. Jap. Fung. 8 :826fig. 815 (1955); Moureau, in Lejeunia, Mém. 15 :30, pl. 3 fig. 11, pi. 5 fig. 11(1961) .

Syn. Cordyceps Scottianus Kawam., Jap. Fung. n, 152 fig. (1929).Endosclerotium fillng all the inner part of host body, compact fleshy, white,

composed of hyphae which are 3-7,u in diameter, thin-walled, hyaline, septate,with oil drops. Superfcial mycelial mat destitute, but mycelial strand produced

on dorsal part of host body or hypogaeous part of stroma, filiformed, 1-3 emlong, to 0.5 mm thick, branched, brown (Ochraceous Buff-Antimony Yellow)

;~ r


E FedistinctCinnarncortex iare su b

ly tran

thick, !ca. 210

cylindr:ondary

~oHa

fU8cataHe

in Her'

He1902 aGrapto:on Gra

DiTh

host isduced .1929.the con

tions 0

incline!

I B f1

D~~ '" :rê-:~~

0ii 1

c

~O

Fig. 14 C. hcteropoda A. Section through peritheciax 35 B. Apical part of asci X 1100 C, Secondaryascospores X 1100 D. Peridium of stalk X 700 E.Peridium of fertile párt x 700

Epigaefrom iMyceli:PerithiHeaddark b

Risingcicada!

composed of hyphae which are 2-2.5Ii thick, septate, thin-walled, with looselywoven, hypha! peri dial layer.

Stroma arising from the part between eyes of head or ventral side of thorax,solitary or binate, almost attaining to 12 cm long.

Stalk divided into hypogaeous and epigaeous parts, the former attaining

to 9 cm long, 1.2-1.7 mm in diameter, root-like, fibrilose, tortuose, upwardlysubincrassate, glabrous, brown, internally white, composed of hyphae which are1.4-3.5,0 in diameter, hyaline, peridial layer same with that of mycelial strand;epigaeous part thick cylindrical, equal, 3-5 mm in diameter, fleshy, glabrous,sometimes longitudinally sulcate, ochraceous, subfarinaceous, internally white,composed of hyphae which are thin-walled, 1.4-,u thick, peridial layer composedof hyphae which are subhyaline, 2.¡;4,u thick, septate.

A:ted inC. sob,

149:151

Eifleshy,cells, t:tiseptameter,

',. '

T\

\

!i

IiI

L

anotherWe ha.Conidia

ISB

et GenEn

from hStalk a

furcate

310 KOBAYASI and SHIMIZC : Monographic Studies of Cordyceps 2.

evanescent, but mycelial strang arising

from several points of host body, fili-form, white, slender, branched.

Stromata arising from legs, headsor thorax of host, solitary or arrangedin twos or threes, 2-7 cm long, rarely

attaining to 24 cm, monocephalous or

polycephalous.Stalk cylindric, simple or frequen-

tly dichotomously, trichotomously or

irregularly branched, sometimes fusedagain at base, scattered with sterilemycelial strangs, irregularly flexuous,

tortuose, subequaJ or upward subincras-sate, 1-2.5 mm in diameter, sometimescompressed, fleshy coriaceous firm, sur-face almost glabrous or longitudinallyarranged fuscescent or ochraceous, in-ternally solid, white, composed of

hyphae which are longitudinally arran-ged, hyaline, 1-3,u (commonly 1~5-2,u)

thick, branched, septate; cortex ochra-

ceous, 40-66ll thick, pseudoparenchyma-tous, composed of cells which aresubglobose or polyhedral, 3.5-9,u indiameter, thin-walled, oily.

Fertile part terminal on stalkor its branches, obliquely or rarely

laterally inserted, sometimes conglo-

merated. depressed globose or tuberi-form, 1.5-3.5 mm high, 1.5-5 mm wide.rarely attaining to 8 mm, surface mam-milate, ostioles ochraceous (Yellow

Ocher), other part inter ostioles milky

white (Warm Buff); cortex pseudo-parenchymatous, 35-70,u thick composedof cells which are ellpsoid, 5-10.5 X

3-7 tJ, catenulate, hyaline, thin-walled;medulla and interperitheciallayer white,

composed of hyphae which are multiseptate, 1.7-4.2,u in diameter.Perithecia rectangularly immersed, ampullaceous or ovoid, 800-950 X 300-

370ll, wall ca. 10.u thick, pale ochraceous or hyaline, ostioles conically protruding,ca. lOO.u high, 12-15.u wide at their tip. Asci 530-600 X 3-3.5.u wide. Secondaryascospores minute, 2.8-.8 X 0.7¡i, truncate at both ends.

Nom. Jap. Aburazemitake.

Hab. On nymphs of Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata. Sinkawa-mati, Nishi-kasugaigun, Aiti Pref. (A. Hayakawa, Jul. 1936-Typ in Herb. Nat. Sci. Museum).

According to the collector's observations, the stromata are produced one after

¡'I

c ~

A

AD

"" \,~ tl

1:',

~

, i-~

i

\

! .

Ficapitalcovereiare hy,

FiPhilali2-2.5.uhyaline

Habponica

~'l"~Fig. 15 C. nipponica A. Section through

perithecia X35 B. Median section offertile part x7.5 C. Apical part of asci

X 1100 D. Secondary ascospores X 1100E. Cortex and medulla of stalk x700F. Cortex of fertile part x700 If

9:166Mater8 (19(

M

withoi81

5.7 errS1

or rhiintern

_l..__ _ _,______"


another on the same host body, as long as the reserve materials remain in it.We have no additional collections in these thirty years.Conidial state

Isaria nipponica Y. Kobayasi, in Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan 9 :169 (1D39)

et Gen Cordyceps p. 240 (1941).Endosclerotium lOa-me with that of perfect stage. Mycelial strand arising

from head, ventral side of thorax and legs of host, long filiform, tortuose, white.Stalk arising from head, compressed filiform, attaining 5 cm high, fleshy, white,furcate, sometimes anastomose, their branches arranged in flabellform in outline.

A

; ./~;::~;,.~~?l \t. ,oi'll\ t út '

~,~~ \~. ':~tkiL, "l'L'~:: 1¡7:;~,~

~~t--:q' ':~~'~. -K1'i',r-i~j:..;"JIt' :Y,f.:

, , ',1'í:"r:.\V

~IJ

Fig. 16 Isaria nipponica A. Apical fertile part of fruitbody x4 B.Solitary branches bearing phialides and conidia x 1100

, I,

Fertile part small, terminal on stalk or its branches, cylindric, clavate or

capitate, white, then beeomming fulvous, 1-5 mm long, 0.5-1.3 mm wide, surfacecovered wih conidia, internally solid, white, fleshy, composed of hyphae whichare hyaline, 1.5-4.5,u thick, septate.

Fertile hyphae erect, subhyaline, septate, furcate, 3-4.2,u in diameter,

Philalides acro-pleurogenous, 1-2-3 fasciculated, ampullaceous, hyaline, 6-3-10 X2-2.5,u, with elongated apical projection bearing one conidium. Conidia bacilar,hyaline, 5-6.5 X 0.8,u.

Hab. Found in same locality and same kind of cicada with Cordyceps nip-ponica. Accordingly, the writer took this as the conidial stage of the latter.

roughon off asci

0100x700

.Ii

i

I

Nishi-eum)., after

Ii

I

I

i-

15) Cordyceps owariensis Y. Kobayasi, in BulL. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan

9:166 (1939) et Gen. Cordyceps p. 174 (1941); Vasileva et Koval, in Bot.Mater. (NotuL. syst. sect. crypt. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R.) 14:167 pl. fig,8 (1961).

Mycelia fillng in host body, forming white and firm fleshy endosclerotium,

without covering the surface of host.Stroma arising from head, solitary, fleshy, dark brown, straight, cylindric,

5.7 cm long.Stalk sub equal ca. 2 mI in diameter, bifurcate at lower part, with tuberous

or rhizomorphous appendages at base, sometimes compressed, surface glabrous,internally white, composed of hyphae which are longitudinally and densely a!'-

( 300-Llding,,ndary

'..

ii

I

!f

I

i

i

-

312 KOBAYASI and SHIMIZU : Monogrphic Studies of Cordyceps 2.

ranged, 1.4-4.2;. thick, septate; cortex not differentiated from medulla, composedof longitudinal hyphae which are pale fuscous, 2.5-3.5l. thick, thin-walled.

Fertile part not clearly defined from stalk, 3-3.5 cm long, 2 mm thick subulate,apically with 5 mm long, acute, white and glabrous sterile tip, surface squamoselyscabrous, internal texture as stalk; peridium composed of 2l. thick hyphae,

Perithecia obliquely immersed, asymmetrical, ampullaceous, 460-530l. long, 200-'!Op wide, with somewhat long neck, wall pale ochraceous, 18-23l., thick. Asci4-4.3p in diameter, caps depressed globose, 2.4-2.8l. wide. Secondary ascospores4,2-5.6tt long, thinner than Il. truncate at both ends.

A

B Q. ~___~_ E /JR~~n~~~,~ ~y/~~;:~::":": ./ X2~-~C ~~ ~ .L': -I ~--c= ~" ~-. .. -., ~"~" ,

BFig. i 7 C, owariensis A. Median section through fertile

part X 35 B. Apical part of asci X 1100 C. Secondary

ascospores X 1100 D. Peridium of fertile part X 700 E,

Cortex of stalk X 700

Conidial state: Unknown.Nom. Jap. Hayakawa-semitakeHab. On nymph of Platy pleura kaempferi, Sinkawa-mati, Nisi-kasugaigun,

Aiti Pref. (A. Hayakawa, Aug. 1938-Type in Katô's Cicadidae Museum).Disk U.R.S.S. íPrimorska), Jamaica?, Cameroons of Africa?

The figure which was drawn by J.D. Westwood based on the Jamaican

specimen in Gard. Chron. May 2,1891, p. 563 under the name Cordyceps oncicadaappears to show the present species, although it has not been accompanied bydetailed descriptions.

In Engler's Bot. J ahrb. 23 :539 (1897), Hennings reported a cicadicolousfungus from Cameroons of Africa under the name Cordyceps cicadae, describing"Beiderseits am Rande des, Brustschildes ist je ein gleich langes, pfriemen-förmigen, cylindrisches, 5 cm langes, 11j2-2 mm dickes, zugespitztes, schwarz-graues Stroma hergewachsen. Die Perithecien sind völlg unreif".

Judging from this description, this may be referred to the Japanese species.

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Bull. Nat. Sci.. Mus, Vol. 6. No.3. July 1963 313

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16) Cordyceps evdogeorgiae Koval, in Bot. Mater. 14 :160 fig. 2 (1961).Stroma solitary, arising from abdominal part of host body, slender, 29 mm

long. Fertile pad terminal, ovoid, 3 mm long, 2 mm thick, squamose, ochraceous

red, apex subacute. Stalk incurved, 10 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm thick, same coloul'edwith fertile part, griseous at base. Perithecia obliquely immersed, with long

neck, oval, scattered, 400-500 X 300,u. Asci cylindric, containing 2-4 ascospores,348-360,u long, 7.7¡. thick, cap globose 8.7 X 8¡.. Secondary ascospores fusiform,8.7-10 X 2-3'¡..


Hab. On adult body of cicada. Primorska, U.S.S.R. (Koval, Aug. 2, 1957-Type in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. in Leningrad).

This is distinct from all other cicadicolous species in having fusiform sec-

ondary ascospores.

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As for the cicadicolous conidial state forming fruitbodies, the following

species have ever been known, but their perfect stages are not yet found.

Isaria oncotyrnpanae Y. Kobayashi, in BulL. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan 7(1) :171

fig. 17, fig. A on pl. 2 (l!)39~.

Hab. Adult body of Oncotympana maculaticollisSynnernatium graptopsaltriae Y. Kobayasi, in Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan

7(1) :171 figs. 18, 19, figs. A, B on pl. 3 (1939).Hab. N:l'lIph of Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata

Known only from type locality.Isaria takarnizusanensis Y. Kobayasi, Cordyceps p. 229 fig. on p. 230 (1941).Hab. Adult body of Oncotympana macula tic ollisAdditional new locality: Ookubodani, Urayama, Titibu (D. Shimizu Aug.

1949) .

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Explanation of Plates 39-43

Plate 39

Fig. A-B. Coi'dyceps prolilica A. No. 170, ca x 'h B. Specim.by Watanabe, ca x 2

Fig. C-D. Cordyceps proliftca f. teniiinalis C. x 2 D. x 5Fig. E-F. Co'rdyceps inegoensis E. Type x 9/11 F. Fertile part x 2

Plate 40

Fig. A-C. C01'dyceps minuta Highly manified, A. on thorax ca x 18 B, C, Onhead ca x 13

Fig. D-E. Cordyceps sobolijera D. Normal type coli. in Obi ca x 1.3 E. Pycnidialtype x 1.5

Fig. F. Cordyceps sobolifera var. takaoensis Type x 1.7

Fig. G. ¡saria sinclairii Specim. of Kasukabe x 2

Plate 41

Fig. A-C. Cordyceps longissima A. Type No. 44 x 5/9 B. ca x 1 C. Specim. inOoisizawa x 5/9

Fig. D-E. Cordyceps yakusimensis D. Type x 3/4 E. x 2.2

Fig. F-G. Co.rdyceps ryogamimontana F. Type n. 339 x 1.5 G. no. 287 x 1.5

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Plate 42

Fig. A. Cordyceps torihara-montana Type x 3/5

Fig. B-D. Cordyceps parado:i:a B. Type ca x 1 C. Specim. in Yonezawa x 8/9D. Upper part of the same specimen x 2.5

Fig. E-F. Cordyceps heteropoda E. Specim. in Yamabe x, 5/9 F. The same(right one is pycnidial form) x 2.2

..1

Plate 43

Fig, A-C. Cordyceps nipponica A. ca X 1 B. X 3.5 C. Fungus with peri.thecial and conidial fertie part (white) on the same stroma, X 2.

Fig. D. Isa7'ia nipponica x 4/5

Fig. E. C07'dyceps owariensis Type ca x 1.

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