clampers and clippers
DESCRIPTION
useful for PG studentsTRANSCRIPT
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CLAMPING CLAMPING CIRCUITES,CLIPPERCIRCUITES,CLIPPER
&&PEAK DETECTORSPEAK DETECTORS
CLAMPING CLAMPING CIRCUITES,CLIPPERCIRCUITES,CLIPPER
&&PEAK DETECTORSPEAK DETECTORS
Dr. C. Saritha, Lecturer in Electronics
S.S.B.N P.G COLLEGE, ANANTAPUR
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OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTIONDEFINATIONS CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS WAVEFORMS CONCLUSION
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• Some of the non linear function circuits are :
CLAMPERS CLIPPERS PEAK DETECTORS
INTRODUCTION
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CLAMPING CIRCUITS The clamping circuits in general, designed
“clamp” the top or bottom of a waveform.
Fixed d.c. level, which may be zero, while preserving its shape and amplitude
The distinguishing feature of a clamper is that is it adjusts the d.c. level without needing to know the exact waveform.
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• Zero volts-waveforms
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CLAMPING CIRCUITS:
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Waveforms :
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Operation of the circuit : input voltage vi = vm sin ω t and vref
Interval 0 ≤ ω t ≤ π :
Vi is positive, Vd is negative V0 is negative the diode is reverse biased. No current flows through the capacitor i.e. it is not charged.
Interval π ≤ ω t ≤ 3 π/2 : Vi is negative V0 is positive. The diode conducts and the NV terminal of the op amp behaves as virtual ground. The capacitor c1 gets charged with point A at a potential higher than that of point be the capacitor gets charged to the peak value Vm of the input voltage.
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Interval ω t > 3π/2 :Vd = - (Vm + Vi) = -Vm (1+sin ωt )
And diode D is OFF. As a result the output voltage. V0 = - Vd = Vm (1+sin ωt )
Reference voltage the capacitor gets charged to (Vm +vref ) the output voltage.
V0 = Vm sin ωt + (Vm +vref )
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Examples : Vm = 10 v and Vref = 5v
V0 = 10 sin ωt +10+5 = 10 sin ωt + 15
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Waveforms for +vref and –vref :
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CLIPPER Clipper are circuits which can
clipp off a portion of the input waveform without distorting the rest of the waveform.
Clipping circuits are also refer limiter amplitude selectors or slicers.
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POSITIVE CLIPPER :
Precession diode which can be used to slice off a portion of the positive half of the input signal. The level at which clipping is done is determined by the reference voltage.
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Positive clipper :
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Positive clipper waveforms :
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NEGATIVE CLIPPER :
Reversed and the reference voltage the resulting circuit is a negative clipper circuit. it clips OFF the negative region of the input signal waveform below the reference voltage.
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Negative clipper circuit :
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Negative clipper waveforms :
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PEAK DETECTORS
Detector : The maximum value is called detector
Peak detectors : Peak detectors ate electronic circuits that track the input signal faithfully until it detects a peak and holds that value until a new, Larger peak is detected.
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Basic peak detector :
The diode allows un directional current to charge the capacitor. The capacitor stories the charge and acts as a voltage memory. It holds the peak value of the input voltage. To detect a peak, S1 has to be closed and S2 open. To hold the peak value both the switches should be open. To reset the circuit, S1 has to be opened and S2 closed.
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Basic peak detector :
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Peak detector waveform :
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Thank you