clara integrating latin american and european research and education networks through the alice...
TRANSCRIPT
ClaraClara
Integrating Latin American and European Research and Education Networks through the ALICE projectOctober 2003
Michael StantonMember, CLARA Technical CommitteeRede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa do Brasil - RNP<[email protected]>
Cathrin StöverProject Manager, ALICE ProjectDANTE<[email protected]>
Michael Stanton - CLEI 20032
ClaraClara
A Brief Story of Networking in Latin America
• Political, linguistic and cultural considerations have traditionally led to considerable interaction between countries within the region
However, networking has not followed this model:• First connections (BITNET) starting 1986 using satellite
links between the US and each country separately• Same topology inherited with transition to Internet• Even multilateral initiatives (RedHUCyT in mid 90s and
AMPATH from 2001) have used traffic hubs in the US.
Michael Stanton - CLEI 20033
ClaraClara
First global conections from LA countries
Two “classical” phases of connectivity:
• e-mail networks (BITNET, UUCP)• full Internet (IP) connectivity
• Table shows the first connections for each LA NREN (National Research and Education Network)
MX CL BR NI UY PY VE AR CR
e-mail 86 86 88 88 88 89 90 90 90
IP 89 92 91 94 94 95 92 93 93
CO EC PE BO CU PA GT SV HN
e-mail 90 91 91 91 91 92 92 94 94
IP 94 92 94 95 96 94 95 96 95
Michael Stanton - CLEI 20034
ClaraClara
Michael Stanton - CLEI 20035
ClaraClara
Influence of telecommunications infrastructure
• Until very recently, the only available telecom infrastructure for data communication was by satellite– cost independent of distance– no incentive for establishing links within the region, as all
countries were mainly interested in access to global Internet
• Recent important changes (since late 1990s):– end of state telecom monopoly in many countries
• competition and lower prices• most LA NRENs replaced by commodity IP providers
(for economic or political reasons)– building out of new infrastructure based on submarine
fibre optical cables
Michael Stanton - CLEI 20036
ClaraClara
Optical cable infra-structure
• Advances in optical transmission technologies have recently made it possible to build very long distance undersea communications systems based on DWDM
• In the late 1990s, many new DWDM cable systems were built, vastly increasing the installed capacity
• Principal new undersea cable operators in Latin America:– Global Crossing– Telefonica International Wholesale Services
(e-mergia)– New World Networks (ARCOS cable)
Michael Stanton - CLEI 20037
ClaraClara
Worldwide Submarine Optical Cables - 2002
Michael Stanton - CLEI 20038
ClaraClara
New Optical Cables in Latin America
PanamericanGlobal Crossing & EmergiaImpSatTransandinoUniSurGlobal Crossing
Michael Stanton - CLEI 20039
ClaraClara
New cables in the Caribbean (Maya & Arcos)
Curacao
North Miami
Cat Island
Crooked Island
Providenciales(Turks & Caicos Islands)
Puerto Plata
San Juan
Punta Cana
WillemstadPunto Fijo
Riohacha
UstupoMariaChiquita
PuertoLimon
Bluefields
PuertoCabezas
PuertoLempira
Trujillo
PuertoCortes
PuertoBarrios
Ladyville
Cancun
Tulum
271km
309km
319km
376km
258km
325km 291km
1006km
242km372km
351km
314km301km371km
270km
279km
258km
339km
241km294km
363km
165km
114km
474km
521km Maya
Arcos(festoon)
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200310
ClaraClara
Internet2
• Until 1995, the USA maintained a national R&E network called NSFNET, created in 1986.– When NSFNET was created, there was no equivalent
commodity service• In 1995 all US R&E users were obliged to seek IP
service from commodity providers• In 1996, the Internet2 project was created, to provide
“advanced networking” service to the R&E community, through the Abilene network
• Similar initiatives have been taken in other countries, especially Canada, Europe and Japan.
• Today, Internet2 connectivity is an important characteristic of R&E networking worldwide.
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200311
ClaraClara
Present Internet2 Connectivity in Latin America
AmPath• uses Global Crossing• connects AR, BR (2), CL,
VE• 45 Mbps • all connections are point to
point from Miami, and thence to Abilene
Mexico• cross-border connections to
USA (TX and CA)
AmPath
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200312
ClaraClara
Present State of Latin American NRENs
Established education and research networks:• With dedicated Internet2 connections:
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela• Some with dedicated int’l connectivity:
Cuba, Uruguay
Education and research networks being re-established(present nat’l/int’l connectivity through commercial ISPs)
• Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, El Salvador
No education/research network (most connected to Internet via commercial ISPs): Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Haiti, rest of Caribbean
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200313
ClaraClara
Abundant
Medium
Narrow
Argentina - RETINA (www.retina.ar)
•4 with advanced connectivity
•8 in the near future
•57 with low connectivity
- 45 Mbps to AmPath
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200314
ClaraClara
- ATM backbone- 14 nodes- 300 Mbps total b/w
- FR to other PoPs- 15 state networks- Aggregate int’l b/w
over 400 Mbps (incl. 90 Mbps to AmPath)
- new backbone in 4Q2003
Brazil - RNP (www.rnp.br/index_en.html)
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200315
ClaraClara
Iquique
Antofagasta
Copiapó
La Serena
ValparaísoSantiago
Talca
Con cepción
TemucoValdivia
Arica
Osorno
Chile - REUNA (www.reuna.cl)
u t f s mre u n a
u ch ile
u m ce
u fro
u a ch
u te m
V a lpa ra ís o
S a n t ia g o
C o n ce pció n
Te m u co
V a ldiv ia
u n a p u ta
u cn
u a n to f
I qu iqu e
A n to fa g a s ta
C o pia pó
u s e re n a
L a S e re n a
Ta lca
u ta lca
u dau da
u de c
u bio bio
u la g o s
S witch de B a ck bo n e
S witch de A cce s o
R o u te r de A cce s o
Tra m a S D HFO M u lt im o doFO M o n o m o do
u dp
u n a p Un iv e rs ida d A rtu ro Pra tu ta Un iv e rs ida d de Ta ra pa cáu cn Un iv e rs ida d C a tó lica de l No rteu a n to f Un iv e rs ida d de A n to fa g a s tau da Un iv e rs ida d de A ta ca m au s e re n a Un iv e rs ida d de la S e re n au t f s m Un iv e rs ida d Técn ico Fe de rico S a n ta M a ríau ch ile Un iv e rs ida d de C h ileu te m Un iv e rs ida d Te cn o ló g ica M e tro po lita n au m ce Un iv e rs ida d M e tro po lita n a de C s . de la Edu ca ció nu dp Un iv e rs ida d D ie g o Po rta le su ta lca Un iv e rs ida d de Ta lcau de c Un iv e rs ida d de C o n ce pció nu bio bio Un iv e rs ida d de l B ío B íou fro Un iv e rs ida d de la Fro n te rau a ch Un iv e rs ida d A u s tra l de C h ileu la g o s Un iv e rs ida d de lo s L a g o s
- ATM backbone- 10
nodes- 10/60
Mbps- 45 Mbps to
AmPath
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200316
ClaraClara
Mexico - CUDI (www.cudi.edu.mx)
• Internal links at 155 Mbps
• 400 Mbps of int’l connectivity
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200317
ClaraClara
Where do we go from here?
• AMPATH´s achievements– Initial boost for Advanced Networking in LA– Stimulus for advanced connectivity inside each country– Motivation for collaborative projects– Connectivity needs, delayed till now due to high costs, being
solved
BUT
• Why does LA communicate internally through Miami?
• Why does LA communicate with other parts of the world through the US?
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200318
ClaraClara
DANTE and Pan-European R&E networking
• In Europe, global networking also began with direct BITNET and IP links to the US from separate countries
• Since the early 1990s great efforts have been invested in pan-European networking, through the creation of a series of regional backbone networks:
• These networks have been built and managed by DANTE (Delivering Advanced Networking Technology to Europe), with financing by European NRENs and the EU
• Four versions of the pan-European backbone network– EuropaNET (1992-1997)– TEN-34 (1997-1998)– TEN-155 (1998-2001)– GÉANT (2002- )
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200319
ClaraClara
TEN-34
• Trans-European Network at 34 Mbps
• 20 countries• operational in 1997• backbone speed inferior to
internal NREN links(cost of int’l links)
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200320
ClaraClara
TEN-155
• Set up after liberalisation and harmonisation of European telecom industry
• Much cheaper int’l connectivity within Europe
• In some countries liberalisation delayed
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200321
ClaraClara
GÉANT
• First network of the “Bandwidth Age”
• 20-fold increase in capacity over TEN-155 for the same cost
• Principal connections are 10 and 2.5 Gbps wavelengths
• Currently the largest capacity operational IP network in the world
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200322
ClaraClara
Falling costs in the Bandwidth Age
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200323
ClaraClara
The @LIS iniciative
• Through GÉANT, the European R&E community enjoys high bandwidth connectivity with N. America
• Initiatives already taken to improve connectivity to Asian-Pacific, Mediterranean and Latin American regions, with support from the European Commission
• @LIS: Alliance for the Information Society (2003-2005)– 62.5 Million Euros for EU-LA on Information Society
Issues– 10 Million Euros for Interconnecting Europe & Latin
American Researchers
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200324
ClaraClara
CAESAR: Connecting All European and South American Researchers.
European initiative to prepare for the @LIS program• Promote EU-LA connectivity through regional
connectivity within LA plus a large pipe to Europe• Participants: DANTE, NRENs of Spain and Portugal• CAESAR Workshop 2002 in Toledo became starting
point for CLARA – cooperative organisation for advanced networking in
LA– regional network:
feasibility study showed that @LIS budget sufficient to establish advanced connectivity to all LA countries
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200325
ClaraClara
• Association of NRENs in LA open to all LA Countries– constituted in Uruguay (like LACNIC)
• CLARA is not limited to @LIS/CAESAR time scale and restrictions
• Will connect LA to Europe and to other regions• Cost to connect to the backbone will be the same for every
country at equal bandwidth• Improve Internet2 connectivity by optimising LA
participation in AMPATH
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200326
ClaraClara
• Argentina• Brasil• Bolivia• Chile• Colombia• Costa Rica• Cuba• Dominican Republic• Ecuador• El Salvador
• Guatemala• Honduras• Mexico• Nicaragua• Panama• Paraguay• Peru• Uruguay• Venezuela
CLARA Members
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200328
ClaraClara
Comments about CLARA
• CLARA responds to long-standing need for coordination between LA NRENs.
• Builds on trust-building already carried out between major partners
• Offers support for NREN building in other LA countries by provision of support and int’l connectivity
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200329
ClaraClara
ALICE project: May 2003 to April 2006
ALICE - América Latina Interconectada Con Europa• Sucessor project to CAESAR• Coordinated by DANTE, with participation of NRENs from Italy,
France, Spain, Portugal and the CLARA countries, and eventually CLARA itself
• February 2003: technical definitions complete• June 2003: Open tender for provisioning of links• September/October 2003: Link contracts assigned• January 2004: Network operational
Notes:• DANTE is the project coordinator and will sign contracts with users
and providers• CLARA is expected to represent interests of LA users in the medium
term (one year)
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200330
ClaraClara
Suggested network topology
• Major connectivity between Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico (at least 45 Mbps)
• Other countries connect to major nodes (between 10 and 45 Mbps)
• Large pipe to Europe (at least 155 Mbps)
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200331
ClaraClara
Two possible ALICE network scenarios(based on first responses to connectivity tender)
NOTE: tender is still not finalised
Network expected to be operational in January, 2004
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200332
ClaraClara
Experimental networking in Latin America
• Internet2 style networks provide for today’s connectivity needs of the P&E community
• In future, with the growth of this community and its needs, new solutions will need to be provided
• Such solutions are currently being developed and demonstrated in experimental networking testbeds
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200333
ClaraClara
Networking testbeds
• NSF classification of networking testbedsbeyond Internet 2 (Tom Greene)– Experimental Infrastructure Networks (EIN) - Internet 3– Networking Research Testbeds (NRT) - Internet 4
• Internet 4 optical networks– dynamic lambda-switched, OPS, OBS networks
• Internet 3 optical networks– Based mostly on statically lambda-switched networks– growing number of networks providing production
networking support for advanced applications
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200334
ClaraClara
Some current experimental optical networking projects in Latin America
• Chile:G-REUNA - Advanced Applications Testbed
• Brazil:Project GIGA - Optical Networking and Applications Testbed
Both of these are a mixture of EIN and NRT (Internet 3 and 4)
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200335
ClaraClara
G-REUNA (Chile) experimental network (2002-2003)
• Phase I of G-REUNA:• R&D in optical
networking and advanced applications
• IP/DWDM• govt. and telco support• 250 km network between
Santiago and Valparaiso• participation of leading
research universities and national academic network (REUNA)
• http://redesopticas.reuna.cl
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200336
ClaraClara
Project GIGA (Brazil)
• Partnership between – RNP (Brazilian NREN) www.rnp.br – CPqD (telco industry R&D centre in Campinas, SP)
www.cpqd.com.br– R&D community in industry and universities
• Build an advanced networking laboratory (GIGA network) for development and demonstration purposes
• Support R&D subprojects in optical and IP networking technology and advanced applications and services
• Industry participation (telcos provide the fibres; technology transfer of products and services required)
• Government funding for 3 years - started December 2002
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200337
ClaraClara
GIGA network: objectives
• explore user control of optical fibre infrastructure– interconnect 20 academic R&D centres in S.E. Brazil– use of IP/DWDM with Ethernet framing
• provide Networking Research Testbed (NRT) for optical and IP network development
• provide Experimental Infrastructure Network (EIN) for development and demonstration of applications
• expected to operate before end 2003.
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200338
ClaraClara
GIGA network: geographical localisation(states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)
FapesptelcosUnesp
USP - IncorUSP - C.Univ.
CPqDLNLS
Unicamp
LNCC
CPTEC UFF
CTAINPE
CBPFLNCC
FiocruzIME
IMPA-RNPPUC-Rio
telcosUERJUFRJ
UniversitiesIMEPUC-RioUERJUFFUFRJUnespUnicampUSP
R&D CentresCBPF - physicsCPqD - telecomCPTEC - meteorologyCTA - aerospaceFiocruz - healthIMPA - mathematicsINPE - space sciencesLNCC - HPCLNLS - physics
About 600 km extension - not to scale
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200339
ClaraClara
GIGA Project:Initial design of the network
• DWDM WAN between Campinas and Rio de Janeiro• WDM MANs in Rio,
S. Paulo and Campinas• Switches between WAN
and MANs for IP packets and lambdas (under study)
• later: redundant topologyand optical switching
Petrópolis
CPLSJCSPO
T-DWDMT-DWDM
AD-DWDM AD-DWDMAD-DWDM
Switch
Switch SwitchSwitch
Switch
T-AOL
CPSRJO
Niterói
CPS
SPO
SJCCPL
RJO
CPS - CampinasSPO - São PauloSJC - São José dos CamposCPL - Cachoeira PaulistaRJO - Rio de Janeiro
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200340
ClaraClara
Some GIGA R&D subprojects
• intelligent optical network with monitoring and control of physical parameters– optical amplification, dispersion, equalisation, SNR, ...
• optical switching architecture– control plane: dynamical bandwidth provisioning and
mesh restoration– provisioning end-to-end optical circuits for specific
applications• IP over WDM: unified control plane and integrated network
management• high performance distributed applications• advanced multimedia applications
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200341
ClaraClara
Conclusion
• Both international cooperation (through AmPath and CLARA) and development of experimental networking have percussions:– provides valuable opportunities for academic user
community in LA to collaborate with peer groups in other countries
– permits the acquiring and diffusion of experience in advanced networking technologies, often absent in LA countries
Michael Stanton - CLEI 200342
ClaraClara
Acknowledgements and references
• With thanks to many colleagues from both Europe and Latin America, too many all to be mentioned here individually. Most of the LA maps are by Florencio Utreras, from REUNA (Chile).
• ALICE website:www.dante.net/alice
• ALICE brochure (in English, Spanish and Portuguese):www.dante.net/alice/ALICEbrochure.pdf
• RNP website:www.rnp.br