claremont gen plan biological report

Biological Resources

Background Report

Claremont General Plan

January 2005

Prepared by:

Cotton/Bridges/Associates A Division of P&D Consultants, Inc.

800 East Colorado Blvd., Ste. 270 Pasadena, CA 9110

Biological Resources Background Report January 2005 Claremont General Plan

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................BR-1 Environmental Setting .................................................................................................BR-1 Regulatory Environment..............................................................................................BR-2 Biological Resources….. .............................................................................................BR-6 Wildlife Movement Corridors……..............................................................................BR-20 Preliminary Natural Resource Issues Relevant to the General Plan………..............BR-20 TABLES BR-1 Special Status Plant Species Identified by the CNDDB and CNPS Database……..............................................................................BR-11 BR-2 Special Status Wildlife Species Identified by the CNDDB Database……................................................................................................BR-14 FIGURES BR-1 Significant Ecological Areas and Open Space Areas......................................BR-5 BR-2 College Land North of Foothill Boulevard........................................................BR-8 BR-3 Plant Communities and Species from the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB)…….................................................................BR-10 BR-4 Wildlife Species from the Communities and Species from the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB)……......................BR-18

Biological Resources Background Report January 2005 Claremont General Plan BR-1

Introduction This report describes biological resources within Claremont. The discussion serves as a resource for updating the General Plan by identifying the potential occurrences of sensitive plant and wildlife species, and evaluating wildlife use of habitat areas. Identifying and maintaining the ecological integrity of open space areas within Claremont has been expressed as a high City priority for the General Plan update.

Environmental Setting Biological resources in Claremont can be found in three areas: the Hillsides, college lands north of Foothill Boulevard, and the San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds. Claremont’s Hillsides The majority of Claremont’s biological resources can be found in hillside areas overlooking the City, including a variety of plant and animal species. The Claremont Wilderness Park together with Sycamore Canyon Park consist of approximately 1,700 acres of undeveloped land in the hillsides that is used for hiking, mountain biking, and other passive recreational activities. These parks also provide habitat for a variety of animal and plant species. College Land North of Foothill Boulevard

Although much of the City’s natural resources exist in the hillsides, the vacant college owned land on Foothill Boulevard is an area that has remained undeveloped for years and contains a variety of plant species that are native and indigenous to Southern California. The facility is owned and managed by the Claremont University Consortium (CUC) for use by The Claremont Colleges. This area encompasses approximately 75 acres bounded by Foothill Boulevard, Mills Avenue, and the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. This area is called the North Campus by CUC and contains land owned by Keck Graduate Institute and land used by Bernard Biological Field Station. This area is situated on alluvial outwash from the San Gabriel Mountains and contains remnants of a once widespread Coastal Sage Scrub plant community.

Claremont hillsides and vegetation Photo Source: Cotton/Bridges/Associates, May 2004.


San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds The San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds area is located immediately down stream of the San Antonio Dam straddling the Cities of Claremont and Upland and the Counties of Los Angeles and San Bernardino. The area currently serves as a groundwater recharge area into the Upper Claremont Heights and Canyon Groundwater Basins. The area is situated on an alluvial fan at the opening of the San Antonio Canyon. The concrete-lined San Antonio Creek bisects the spreading grounds, which run from the base of the Dam. Levees scattered throughout the area assist in spreading storm water and recharging the groundwater basin. The site has been disturbed in the past from water-spreading and mining operations. Regulatory Environment The following federal, State and local regulations establish a framework for conservation of Claremont’s biological resources. Federal Endangered Species Act The federal Endangered Species Act (FESA), administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), was established to protect wildlife species and habitats from extinction and diminishment. FESA applies to federally listed species and habitat occupied by federally listed species. FESA Section 9 forbids acts that directly or indirectly harm listed species. Section 9 also prohibits taking of any species of wildlife or fish listed as endangered. These restrictions apply to all federal agencies and all persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction. Specifically, Section 9 (16 U.S.C. 1538) identifies prohibited acts related to endangered species, and prohibits all persons, including federal, State and local governments, from taking listed species of fish and wildlife, except as specified under the provisions for exemptions (16 U.S.C. 1539). The term "take" is defined as to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct (16 U.S.C. 1532[18]). California Endangered Species Act The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) (Fish and Game Code, Section 2050 et seq.) generally parallels the main provisions of FESA and is administered by the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG). Under CESA the term "endangered species" is defined as a species of plant, fish, or wildlife which is "in serious danger of becoming extinct throughout all, or a significant portion of its range" and is limited to species or subspecies native to California. CESA prohibits the taking of listed species, except as provided in State law. Specifically, section 2053 of CESA prohibits projects which would jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of habitat essential to the continued existence of those species, if there are reasonable and prudent alternatives available consistent with conserving the species or its habitat which would prevent jeopardy. Any future development or redevelopment in the City that has the potential to affect wildlife is subject to the restrictions contained in CESA.

San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds Photo Source: Cotton/Bridges/Associates, May 2004.


California Environmental Quality Act and Guidelines The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) was adopted by the State legislature in response to a public mandate for thorough environmental analysis of projects impacting the environment. The provisions of the law and environmental review procedures are described in the CEQA statutes (Public Resources Code, Section 21000 et.seq.) and the CEQA Guidelines (Government Code, Section 15000 et.seq.). Compliance with CEQA will continue to ensure that the environmental impacts associated with local development projects are appropriately assessed and mitigated. USFWS and CDFG Regulations The USFWS and CDFG oversee regulations protecting wildlife resources. Special permits are required for alteration, dredging, or activity in any lake, stream, or wetland, as well as other activities that may affect fish and game habitat. Both agencies also regulate impacts to sensitive plant and animal species. Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) (16 U.S.C. 703) implements various treaties and conventions between the U.S., Canada, Japan, Mexico and the former Soviet Union for the protection of migratory birds. Under the MBTA, the taking, killing or possessing of migratory birds is unlawful, unless expressly permitted by other federal regulations. The MBTA provides that it is unlawful to pursue, hunt, take, capture or kill any migratory bird, part, nest, egg or product. Clean Water Act Congress passed the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 and the Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1977 to provide for the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s lakes, streams, and coastal waters. Primary authority for the implementation and enforcement of the CWA (33 U.S.C. 1251) now rests with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and to a lesser extent, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). In addition to the measures authorized before 1972, the CWA implements a variety of programs, including federal effluent limitations and State water quality standards, permits for the discharge of pollutants and dredged and fill materials into navigable waters, and enforcement mechanisms. Section 404 of the CWA is the principal federal program that regulates activities affecting the integrity of wetlands. Section 404 prohibits the discharge of dredged or fill material in jurisdictional waters of the U.S. unless permitted by USACE under individual permits, general permits, or unless the discharge is exempt from regulation. Los Angeles County General Plan The Los Angeles County General Plan assists Los Angeles County officials in the decision-making process which affects growth and resources in unincorporated areas adjacent to the City’s jurisdiction. As mandated by the State, every city and county must adopt and periodically update a comprehensive long-range general plan for physical development within its jurisdiction. The County General Plan applies to unincorporated areas adjacent to the City, including the Via Padova area, Palmer Canyon, San Dimas Canyon, and unincorporated areas surrounding Thompson Creek. This document outlines information necessary to ensure that such decisions are consistent with the City of Claremont General Plan and Los Angeles County General Plan.


Sensitive Ecological Areas Significant Ecological Areas (SEA) are areas designated by Los Angeles County that contain examples of plants and animals that cumulatively represent biological diversity. Currently, there are two SEAs within the vicinity of Claremont: San Antonio Canyon Mouth SEA 26 is within the City boundary, and San Dimas Canyon SEA 25 is located north and northwest of the City (Figure BR-1). SEA 26 is bounded on the north and west by Claremont Wilderness Park and Angeles National Forest, on the east by San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds, and on the south by residential development. SEA 25 is located just outside the City limits on the west in the Angeles National Forest north of the City and the Marshall Caonyo Park northwest of the City. The County is currently re-evaluating the extent of SEAs as part of its general plan update program. Preliminary proposals call for expansion of SEA 26. If the limits of SEA 26 are expanded as proposed it will include a large portion of the existing SEA 25 and a large portion of hillsides in the northwest part of the City (see Figure BR-1). The SEA designation does not have any effect within the City, as it is a tool the County uses to identify areas which should be looked at more closely when development is proposed. Claremont does not need this tool, as any proposed development in the hillside would be subject to intense scrutiny, and would be subject to the City’s hillside policies and regulations which are much more restrictive than the County’s regulations.

Claremont HillsWilderness Park

Sycamore Canyon

Park

San Dimas Canyon/San Antonio Wash



ANGELES NATIONAL FOREST

Significant Ecological Areasand Open Space Areas

Figure BR-1

C L A R E M O N T G E N E R A L P L A N

Source: Los Angeles County GIS.

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10.125Miles

LegendBase Map Features

Claremont City BoundaryClaremont Sphere of Influence

Significant Ecological Areas (SEA)

Thom

pson C

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Existing Significant Ecological Area

City of Claremont Wilderness ParksWilderness ParksAcquisition Parcels (future wilderness park)

Angeles National ForestProposed Significant Ecological Area (as of July 2004)

Claremont City Council approved acqusition of these parcels.


Biological Resources Certain biological resources on vacant lands and dedicated open space properties within the City are considered unique, of relatively limited distribution, and of particular value to the ecological integrity of the region. These properties support a high diversity of plant and wildlife species due to the topographic complexity of the area, relatively undisturbed conditions, plant communities which provide cover and foraging opportunities for wildlife, riparian corridors for migratory birds, and canyon bottoms which serve as wildlife corridors linking adjacent open space areas. Public lands contain such areas as Claremont Wilderness Park, San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds, and the adjacent Marshall Canyon Regional Park and Angeles National Forest.

Claremont’s Hillsides The hillsides area can be characterized by southern oak woodlands, intermittent headwater streams, grassland, and sub-associations of Coastal Sage Scrub. The variability of terrain, vegetation communities and adjacent open space areas within the Claremont Hillsides provide a variety of site conditions that are suitable for wildlife species. Non-native grasses and other exotic flora persist on some areas in the hillsides due to the impacts of past ranching operations. Preserving open space areas is ecologically important to maintain wildlife corridors that extend into adjacent open space areas and plant communities which provide suitable habitat for common, sensitive, threatened and endangered species. The Claremont hillsides consist of the Claremont Wilderness Park Johnson’s Pasture, and rugged open space areas and is adjacent to the Angeles National Forest and Marshal Canyon Regional Park. Connectivity throughout the hillside areas greatly increases the long term viability of wildlife by providing habitat for shelter, nesting, and foraging opportunities and by reducing the edge effect created by adjacent development. Relatively undisturbed areas within these designated open space areas potentially allow for the presence of several special status plants and sensitive plant communities. Additionally, this large open space area protects the watershed, airshed, and adds aesthetic value to the community. Plant species located within Claremont’s hillsides and adjacent open space areas include the following: Bigcone Spruce Canyon Forest This plant community is an open to dense forest dominated by bigcone spruce (which can reach heights of 50 to 80 feet. It is found on canyon sides at elevations generally above 2,500 feet where it occupies rocky substrates. It commonly occurs in fairly small enclaves within chaparral. White Alder Riparian Forest The white alder riparian forest plant community is dominated by white alder which reaches heights of 30 to 40 feet over a shrub understory. The community typically grows along streams in bedrock-constrained, steep-sided canyons, resulting in narrow riparian corridors. Riversidian Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub This shrub community is characterized by harsh substrates subject to episodic flooding and scouring. It is generally restricted to broad canyon outwashes, or alluvial washes and often forms open shrub vegetation within areas of bare, scoured ground. Scale-broom is a shrub species that is found most often

Claremont’s Hillsides Photo Source: Cotton/Bridges/Associates, May 2004.


on alluvial spoils associated with drainages. Other common shrub species of this plant community include sagebrush, California buckwheat, chamise, brittlebush, hairy yerba santa, sugarbush, and birch-leaved mountain mahogany. The San Antonio Spreading Grounds is made up of in Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub. Oak Woodland Oak woodland plant communities are dominated by several species of oak trees and include coast live oaks that typically grow to heights of 20 to 50 feet. Oak woodland often includes the smaller interior live oak and canyon oak. This plant community can form either closed or open tree canopies. Understory vegetation varies from grassland in level areas to shrubs in areas where topography is steeper. This plant community is most prevalent on north-facing slopes and in drainage bottoms. Oak Riparian Forest This riparian plant community is dominated by coast live oaks and canyon oaks. The primary difference between oak woodland and oak riparian forest is the greater availability of water, which results in a denser tree canopy cover and higher density of trees with an understory of hydrophytic vegetation. Typical riparian trees, such as western sycamore and willows, are occasionally a part of this plant community. Oak riparian forest is best developed within broader, more level gradient drainages. Walnut Woodland The walnut woodland plant community often integrates with oak dominated woodlands or can develop as monotypic stands. This plant community is dominated by California walnut trees that grow 10 to 30 feet high. Southern Willow Scrub The southern willow scrub plant community is found along drainages. This plant community is dominated by species of willow which form dense, nearly monotypic stands. These stands typically reach 10 to 20 feet in height with little understory vegetation. Scrub Oak Chaparral Scrub oak chaparral is a dense evergreen plant community dominated by scrub oak and common chamise. Scrub oak chaparral is more adapted to moist habitat areas than many chaparrals and often occurs at slightly higher elevations. This plant community is predominantly located on north-facing slopes and includes other native species such as buck brush, California buckwheat, black sage, and spiny redberry. Chamise Chaparral Chamise chaparral is dominated by common chamise and buck brush. Mature stands of chamise chaparral form a dense plant cover and can reach heights of approximately three to nine feet. Similar to scrub oak chaparral, chamise chaparral is predominantly located on north-facing slopes. Other native species present in this community include holly-leaved redberry, toyon, birch-leaved mountain mahogany, and manzanita. Coastal Sage Scrub Coastal sage scrub is an open-structured plant community composed of low shrubs that most actively grow in winter and spring, and includes many plant species that are summer deciduous. Plant species diversity in this community is typically high. Dominant plant species within this plant community include several species of sage, prickly pear, California buckwheat, brittlebush, yucca, laurel sumac, and sugar bush. Non-Native Grasslands This plant community is dominated by non-native annual grasses and forbs, non-native trees, and other larger shrubs. These opportunistic species include brome grasses, wild oats, and mustards.


College Land North of Foothill Boulevard The college land north of Foothill Boulevard has ecological value by providing conditions to support a variety of plant communities and habitat conditions suitable for some threatened, endangered, and special status plant and animal species. Some naturally occurring plant communities are located on the site. However, several plant communities and habitat conditions (i.e., fresh water marshes and vernal pools) have been artificially created to support some special status species. Several such species have been introduced and cultivated within these artificially created habitats. Because of its relative isolation and lack of connectivity to adjacent open space areas, this area does not provide suitable habitat to be used as a wildlife corridor by larger mammal species, but may provide a movement corridor for migrating birds. Regardless of the artificially created or naturally occurring habitat at the Field Station this area provides a variety of shelter and foraging opportunities for many plant and animal species.

As shown in Figure BR-2, current vegetation communities within the college owned land include Riversidian Alluvial Fan Sage Brush, Oak Riparian Forest, Coastal Sage Scrub, and Non-native grass lands (see previous descriptions of these species in section on Claremont’s Hillsides). Exotic plant species are also being grown onsite. In addition, several artificial vernal pools provide habitat for fairy shrimp (primarily Branchinecta lindahli) and support developing tadpoles of Western Toad (Bufo borea). A small lake, known as "pHake Lake", was constructed in 1978 to provide a study site for aquatic biology. The lake consists of a 1/2-acre marshy habitat about 6 feet deep and a 1-acre pond about 20 feet deep.1

San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds Alluvial fan sage scrub is the dominant plant species within the spreading grounds. Alluvial scrub is considered a distinct and rare plant community found primarily on alluvial fans and in floodplains. This relatively open vegetation type is adapted to periodic flooding and erosion and is comprised of an assortment of drought-deciduous shrubs and larger evergreen woody shrubs characteristic of both coastal sage scrub and chaparral communities.

1Nancy Hamlett, July 2004. (http://bfs.claremont.edu)

Figure BR-2: College Land North of Foothill Boulevard

Image Source: Nancy Hamlett, July 2004. (http://bfs.claremont.edu/maps.html)

Riversidian Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub

Coastal Sage Scrub

Non-native Grassland

Exotic

Recovering Coastal Sage

Scrub


Suitable habitat is present within the spreading grounds for four State and federally listed as threatened or endangered including the California Gnatcatcher, San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat, Arroyo Toad, and Nevin’s Barberry. Sensitive Biological Resources Plant or wildlife species may be considered “special status” due to declining populations, vulnerability to habitat change, or restricted distributions. Special status species are those that have been listed as Threatened or Endangered under FESA or CESA, or are of concern to State or federal resource agencies, or private conservation organizations. Special status Threatened or Endangered and California Native Plant Society List (CNPS) 1B plants, and Threatened or Endangered wildlife species with potential to occur within the City’s open space area and its immediate vicinity are discussed below. The occurrence of sensitive biological resources within the City’s open space areas and its immediate vicinity has been identified based on a search of the California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB 2004). Mt. Baldy, Glendora, San Dimas, Ontario, and Cucamonga Peak USGS quadrangles were used to identify sensitive biological resources within the City’s open space areas and immediate vicinity. In unincorporated areas, additional species, such as oak trees or landmark trees (i.e. windrows) are protected under the Los Angeles County Oak Tree Ordinance (Oak Tree Retention and Replacement Ordinance 22.56). Trees protected under local ordinances are not discussed in detail or included in tables within this report. Currently there are no tree protection ordinances in Claremont. Sensitive Plant Species Sensitive plant species identified in the database search as potentially occurring in the City’s open space area and the immediate vicinity and listed as Threatened or Endangered by the USFWS, CDFG, and CNPS List 1B listed plants are plotted in Figure BR-3 and listed in Table BR-1. A brief description of Threatened and Endangered species follows the table.

San Antonio SpreadingGround

many-stemmed dudleya

intermediate mariposa lily

mesa horkelia

Salt Spring checkerbloom

Riversidian Alluvial FanSage Scrub

Plummer's mariposa lily

Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian

Woodland

Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest

Nevin'sbarberry

Plummer'smariposa lily

Parry's spineflower

Plummer'smariposa lily

slender mariposa lily




STATE HWY 66

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SAN BERNARDINO STSAN BERNARDINO AVE

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Plant Species and Communities from the CNDDB

Figure BR-3


Source: California Department of Fish and Game's Habitat Conservation Division.

0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.20.15Miles

Thom

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Cre

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San

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San AntonioDam

Plant CommunitiesSouthern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest

Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland

Canyon Live Oak Ravine Forest

Riversidian Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub

Plant SpeciesNevin's barberry

Parry's spineflower

Plummer's marisposa lily

Salt Spring checkerbloom

Intermediate mariposa lily


mesa horkelia

slender mariposa lily


TABLE BR-1

SPECIAL STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN CLAREMONT AND SURROUNDING AREAS

STATUS SPECIES

USFWS CDFG CNPS HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION

Aster greatae Greata’s aster __ __ LIST

1B

Perennial herb (rhizomatous) found in broad leaved upland forests, chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower montane coniferous forest, riparian woodland/mesic; 1,000 to 6,600 feet in elevation. Known from Los Angeles County.

Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Davidson’s saltscale __ __ LIST

1B

Annual herb found on alkaline soils in coastal bluff scrub, coastal sage scrub, typically 30 to 650 feet in elevation; Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties, Channel Islands, and Baja California.

Berberis nevinii Nevin’s barberry FE SE LIST

1B

Sandy and gravelly soils at margins of dry washes; coarse soils in chaparral; typically 900 to 2,000 feet in elevation; Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego Counties; known from about 15 locations.

Brodiaea filifolia Thread-leaved brodiaea FT SE LIST

1B

Clay soils; open grasslands at edges of vernal pools or floodplains. Sea level to 2,500 feet in elevation. Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Diego Counties; known from about 20 locations.

Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis Slender mariposa lily __ __ LIST

1B

Shaded foothill canyons in areas of alluvial fan sage scrub and chaparral; typically below 3,000 feet in elevation; known only from San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties.

Calochortus plummerae Plummer’s mariposa lily __ __ LIST

1B

Dry, rocky places, often in brush, below 5,000 feet in elevation. Usually on granitic soils, Found in grassland, chaparral, coastal sage scrub, yellow pine forest. Santa Monica Mountains to San Jacinto Mountains. Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Ventura Counties.

Calochortus weedii var. Intermedius Intermediate mariposa lily

__ __ LIST 1B

Rocky areas in hills with annual grassland and coastal sage scrub. Below 2,000 feet in elevation; Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside Counties.

Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis Smooth tarplant __ __ LIST

1B

Alkaline areas in chenopod scrub, meadows, playas, riparian woodland, valley and foothill grassland; below 2,000 feet in elevation. Known from Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, extirpated from San Diego County.

Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi Parry’s spineflower __ __ LIST

3

Annual herb of sandy or rocky openings in chaparral, coastal sage scrub at 130 to 5,600 feet in elevation. Riverside and San Bernardino Counties and possibly extending into Los Angeles County.


TABLE BR-1 SPECIAL STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIALLY OCCURRING

IN CLAREMONT AND SURROUNDING AREAS

STATUS SPECIES USFWS CDFG CNPS

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION

Claytonia lanceolata var. peirsonii Peirson’s spring beauty

__ __ LIST 1B

Subspecies known only from San Bernardino County in sub-alpine and upper montane coniferous forest of the San Gabriel Mountains; gravelly soils; 7,000-9,000 feet in elevation.

Dudleya densiflora San Gabriel Mountains dudleya

__ __ LIST 1B

Found in granitic soils, on cliffs, and canyon walls in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and lower montane coniferous forest, 1,000 to 1,700 feet in elevation. Known from approximately 5 occurrences.

Dudleya multicaulis Many-stemmed dudleya __ __ LIST

1B

Often on clay soils also around granitic outcrops in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and grassland below 2,500 feet in elevation. Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties.

Erioganum microthecum var. johnstonii Johnston’s buckwheat

__ __ LIST 1B

Upper montane and subalpine coniferous forest of the San Gabriel Mountains, 7,000 to 9,000 feet in elevation.

Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula Mesa horkelia __ __ LIST

1B

Sandy or gravelly soils in chaparral, or rarely in cismontane woodland or coastal sage scrub; 230 to 2,700 feet in elevation. Known from San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, and Orange Counties. Believed extirpated from Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego Counties.

Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii Robinson’s pepper-grass

__ __ LIST 1B

Coastal sage scrub and chaparral with dry soils below 1,700 feet in elevation. Los Angeles Counties to Baja California and Santa Cruz Island.

Lilium parryi Lemon lily __ __ LIST

1B

Meadows and streams of montane coniferous forests; transverse and peninsular ranges from southern California; also known from Arizona; 4,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation.

Linanthus concinnus San Gabriel linathus __ __ LIST

1B

Annual herb associated with lower and upper montane coniferous forest; found on dry rocky slopes, often in Jeffrey pine, canyon oak forest; 5,500 to 9,200 feet in elevation. Known only from Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties.

Monardella macrantha ssp. hallii Hall’s monardella

__ __ LIST 1B

Chaparral, woodlands, and coniferous forest; coastal and mountain slopes of Orange, Riverside, San Diego, and San Bernardino Counties. 2,300 to 7,300 feet in elevation.

Navarretia prostate Prostrate navarretia __ __ LIST

1B

Vernal pools in coastal sage scrub or valley and foothill grassland (alkaline) of Los Angeles, Merced, Monterey, Orange, Riverside, San Diego and possibly San Bernardino Counties; 50 to 2,300 feet in elevation.


TABLE BR-1 SPECIAL STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIALLY OCCURRING

IN CLAREMONT AND SURROUNDING AREAS

STATUS SPECIES USFWS CDFG CNPS

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION

Oreonana vestita Woolly mountain-parsley __ __ LIST

1B

Perennial herb founding scree in subalpine conifer forests, upper montane conifer forests; 7,400 to 11,500 feet in elevation. Distributed in Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties.

Orobanche valida ssp. valida Rock Creek broomrape __ __ LIST

1B

Parasitic perennial herb found on various chaparral shrubs. Found in granitic soils of chaparral, pinyon, and juniper woodland; 4,100 to 6,600 feet in elevation. Known from only three occurrences in Los Angels and Ventura Counties.

Senecio aphanactis Rayles ragwort __ __ LIST

2

Annual herb found in alkaline soils at 50 to 2,600 feet in elevation in chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal sage scrub in California and Baja California.

Sidalcea neomexicana Salt spring checkerbloom __ __ LIST

2

Alkaline springs and marshes, in areas of coastal sage scrub, chaparral, coniferous forest, desert scrub; typically below 4,500 feet in elevation; southwestern U.S.

Notes: Federal (USFWS) State (CDFG) FE Endangered SE Endangered California Native Plant Society (CNPS) List 1B Plants are considered by the CNPS to be rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California and elsewhere. List 2 Plants considered by CNPS to be rare, threatened, or endangered in California but more common elsewhere. List 3 Plants for which more information is needed. Nevin’s Barberry Nevin’s barberry is a federally listed Endangered, State-listed Endangered, and a CNPS List 1B plant species. This species is endemic to southwestern cismontane Southern California. It occurs in restricted localized populations from the interior foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County and San Bernardino County southeast to near the foothills of the Agua Tibia Mountains in southwestern Riverside County, from 900 to 2,000 feet mean sea level (msl) in elevation. The Nevin’s Barberry has the potential for occurring in the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground. Suitable habitat (chaparral) is located there for this species.2 This plant species has been observed on the college land north of Foothill Boulevard, but it is assumed the plant has been introduced from the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and is therefore not considered sensitive.3 Thread-leaved Brodiaea Thread-leaved brodiaea is a federally listed Threatened, State-listed Endangered, and CNPS List 1B plant species. This species typically blooms between March and June. It is a bulbiferous perennial herb found in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties. This species typically occurs on gentle hillsides, valleys, and floodplains in semi-alkaline mudflats, vernal pools, mesic southern needlegrass grassland, mixed grassland, and alkali grassland vegetation types in association

2 LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water Conservation Improvement Project. March 2004. 3 Envicom Corporation. 1999. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Claremont Colleges North Campus Master Plan. March 1999.


with clay or alkaline silty-clay soils. The Thread-leaved brodiaea is absent from the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground and the college land north of Foothill Boulevard because clay soils are not present for this species.4 Sensitive Wildlife Species Special status wildlife species identified in the database search as potentially occurring within Claremont and listed as Threatened or Endangered by the USFWS and CDFG are listed in Table BR-2 and plotted in Figure BR-4. A brief description of Threatened and Endangered species follows the table.

TABLE BR-2 SPECIAL STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIALLY OCCURING IN CLAREMONT

STATUS

SPECIES USFWS CDFG HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION

Insects

Incisalia mossii hidakupa San Gabriel Mountains elfin butterfly __ __

Found in San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains at elevations between 3,000 to 5,500 feet. Food plant is Sedum spathulfolium which has a type locality found in southern mixed evergreen forest.

Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis Delhi Sands flower-loving fly FE __

Found only in areas of the Delhi Sands formation in southwestern San Bernardino and northwestern Riverside Counties. Requires fine, sandy soils, often with wholly or partly consolidated dunes and sparse vegetation.

Fish

Catostomus santannae Santa Ana sucker FT CSC

Historical range included the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana River systems in Southern California. An introduced population occurs in the Santa Clara River drainage in Southern California. Found in shallow, cool, running water.

Gila orcutti Arroyo chub

__

CSC

Perennial streams or intermittent streams with permanent pools; slow water sections of streams with mud or sand substrates; spawning occurs in pools. Native to Los Angeles, San Gabriel, San Luis Rey, Santa Ana, and Santa Margarita River systems. Introduced in Santa Ynez, Santa Maria, Cuyama, and Mojave river systems and smaller coastal streams.

Rhinichthys osculus Santa Ana speckled dace

__

CSC

Found in the headwaters of the Santa Ana and San Gabriel River system. Found in riffles in small streams and shore areas with abundant gravel and rock.

4 LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water Conservation Improvement Project. March 2004; Envicom Corporation. 1999. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Claremont Colleges North Campus Master Plan. March 1999.



STATUS


Amphibians

Batrachoseps gabrieli San Gabriel slender salamander __ __

Found under rocks, wood, fern fronds and on soil at the base of talus slopes. This salamander is most active on the surface in winter and early spring. Known only from the San Gabriel Mountains.

Bufo microscaphus californicus Arroyo toad FE CSC

Washes and arroyos with open water; sand or gravel beds; for breeding, pools with sparse overstory vegetation. Found coastally and in a few desert streams from Santa Barbara County to Baja California.

Rana muscosa Mountain yellow-legged frog FE CSC

Ponds, lakes, and streams at moderate to high elevations; appears to prefer bodies of water with open margins and gently sloping bottom. Sierra Nevada Mountains and Transverse Ranges.

Taricha torosa torosa Coast range newt __ CSC

Breeds in ponds, reservoirs, and slow-moving streams; uses nearby upland areas including grassland, chaparral, and woodland; coastal drainages from Mendocino County south to San Diego County, with populations from San Luis Obispo County south designated as sensitive.

Reptiles

Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri Coastal western whiptail __ __

Found in deserts and semiarid areas with sparse vegetation and open areas, also found in woodland and riparian areas.

Clemmys marmorata pallida Southwestern pond turtle __ CSC

Permanent or nearly permanent water in a wide variety of habitat types; marshes, sloughs, ponds, slow moving streams; requires basking sites such as partially submerged logs, rocks, or open mud banks. Occurs in most Pacific slope drainages below 4,500 feet elevation.

Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei San Diego horned lizard __ CSC

Wide variety of habitats including coastal sage scrub, grassland, riparian woodland; typically on or near loose sandy soils; coastal and inland areas form Ventura County to Baja California.

Thamnophis hammondii hammondii Two-striped garter snake __ SA

Highly aquatic. Only in or near permanent sources of water. Streams with rocky beds supporting willows or other riparian vegetation. From Monterey County to northwest Baja California.

Birds Aimophila ruficep scanescens Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow

__ CSC Rocky, brushy hillsides and canyons. Usually in pairs. More often heard than seen.

Athene cunicularia Western burrowing owl __ CSC

Grasslands and rangelands, usually occupying ground squirrel burrows. Resident over most of southern California. Found in agricultural areas, fallow fields, canal banks, road sides.



STATUS


Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus cousei Coastal cactus wren __ CSC

Obligate, non-migratory resident of coastal sage scrub and occurs almost exclusively in thickets of cholla (Opuntia prolifera) and prickly pear (Opuntia littoralis and Opuntia oricola); limited to regions with thorny shrubs and trees that offer nesting sites on mesas and lower slopes of coast ranges below 1,500 feet in elevation. Found in cismontane southern California from southern Ventura County to northwestern Baja California.

Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Western yellow-billed cuckoo C SE

Breeds and nests in extensive stands of dense cottonwood/willow riparian forest along broad, lower flood bottoms of larger river systems. Vary rare and local in California.

Cypseloides niger Black swift __ CSC

Most frequently seen in the air feeding on tiny airborne insects near cliffs in mountainous regions; occasionally coastal. Nests in crevices in deep canyon cliffs near waterfalls or in sea cliffs. In California, breeds very locally in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range, the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains, and in coastal bluffs and mountains from San Mateo County south to San Luis Obispo County.

Polioptila californica californica Coastal California gnatcatcher FT CSC

Occurs in coastal sage scrub; occurs only in cismontane southwestern California and Baja California in low-lying foothills and valleys.

Mammals

Eumpos perotis californicus California mastiff bat __ CSC

Occurs in many open, semi-arid to arid habitats, including conifer and deciduous woodlands, coastal sage scrub, grasslands, chaparral, etc.; roosts in crevices in vertical cliff faces, high buildings, trees, and tunnels.

Dipodomys merriami San Bernardino kangaroo rat FE CSC

Gravelly and sandy soils of alluvial fans, braided river channels, active channels and sandy terraces; San Bernardino Valley/County and San Jacinto Valley.

Neotoma lepida intermedia San Diego desert woodrat __ CSC

Occurs in coastal sage scrub and chaparral, most commonly associated with rock outcrops and rocky cliffs and slopes. Found in coastal southern California from San Diego County to San Luis Obispo County.

Perognathus longimembris brevinasus Los Angeles pocket mouse __ CSC

Prefers sandy soil for burrowing, but has been found on gravel washes and stony soils. Found in coastal sage scrub in Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties.

Ovis canadensis nelsoni Nelson’s bighorn sheep __ SA

Occurs in open, rocky step areas with available water and herbaceous forages; widely distributed form the White Mountains in Mono County to the Chocolate Mountains in Imperial County.

Lynx rufus Bobcat

__ __

Occurs in almost every terrestrial habitat type from deserts to swamps to mountains. Opportunistic in their choice of prey. Widespread throughout California.



STATUS


Puma concolor Mountain lion

__ CFP

Primarily in forested or brushy areas with abundant cover; avoids open areas and visual exposure. Most widely ranging land mammal in western hemisphere from northern Canada south to Patagonia, South America. Widespread throughout California

Notes: Federal (USFWS) State (CDFG) FE Endangered SE Endangered FT Threatened ST Threatened C Candidate for listing. CSC California Species of Special Concern SA Special Animal. Refers to taxa of concern to the CNDDB CFP California Fully Protected Species

Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly The Delhi Sand flower-loving fly is a federally listed Endangered species. This species is endemic to the Colton Dunes in areas that contain suitable conditions for the subterranean early stages of development, and contain adult nectar sources, breeding, and perching areas. The flight season for the Delhi Sands flower-loving fly extends from early August to early September. The adults are active during the warmest portions of the day during periods of direct sunlight. Areas containing sandy substrates with a sparse cover of perennial shrubs and other vegetation constitute the primary habitat requirement for this species. The Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly is absent from the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because suitable habitat (alkaline springs and marshes) is not present for this species.5 Santa Ana Sucker The Santa Ana sucker is a federally listed Threatened species and a State-listed Species of Special Concern. These fish live in small, shallow streams, less than 25 feet in width, in currents ranging from swift in canyons to sluggish in bottom lands. They are found in areas with a permanent water source ranging in depth from a few inches to a foot or more. Preferred substrates are coarse and consistent gravel, rubble, and boulders with growths of filamentous algae. The Santa Ana Sucker is absent from the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because suitable habitat is not present for this species.6 Arroyo Toad The arroyo toad is a federally listed Endangered species and a State-listed Species of Special Concern. The arroyo toad is restricted to rivers with shallow, gravelly pools adjacent to sandy terraces. It forages on sandy terraces, often with complete canopy coverage by cottonwoods or willows. Adults excavate shallow burrows on terraces where they shelter during the day and during the dry season. This species historically occurred from San Luis Obispo to San Diego counties along most major rivers, and is currently restricted to very small remnant populations in the National Forests. The Arroyo Toad has the potential to occur on the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because marginal habitat (concrete pools) is present for this species.7

5 LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water Conservation Improvement Project. March 2004. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid.

San Antonio SpreadingGround

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Coast (San Diego) horned lizard

California GnatcatcherCritial Habitat


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Wildlife Species from the CNDDB and Gnatcatcher Critical Habitat

Figure BR-4


Source: California Department of Fish and Game's Habitat Conservation Division.

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Critical Habitat


Mountain Yellow-legged Frog The mountain yellow-legged frog is federally Endangered and a State-listed Species of Special Concern. Suitable habitat for the mountain yellow-legged frog includes portions of streams and other water bodies that contain year-round quantities of cool water in montane and riparian habitats above 1,200 msl. The Mountain Yellow-legged Frog is absent from the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because suitable habitat (ponds at moderate to high elevations with open margins) is not present for this species.8 The frog is also expected to occur in the proper season or habitat in the Claremont hillsides.9 Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo The western yellow-billed cuckoo is a State-listed Endangered species. Formerly a rare summer resident, this species is now extirpated from much of Southern California. For breeding, western yellow-billed cuckoos are restricted to extensive deciduous riparian thickets or forest with dense, low-level understory foliage that occurs along slow-moving watercourses, backwaters, or seeps. Willows are almost always a dominant component of western yellow-billed cuckoo nesting habitat. The USFWS has listed the yellow-billed cuckoo as a candidate species, meaning sufficient information on biological vulnerability and threats exists to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened, but issuance of proposed rules is precluded by other higher priority listing actions. The Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo is absent from the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because suitable habitat (dense cottonwood/willow riparian forest) is not present for this species.10 The college land north of Foothill Boulevard does contain dense cottonwood/willow riparian forest, but no observations of this species has documented.11 Coastal California Gnatcatcher The coastal California gnatcatcher (gnatcatcher) is federally listed as Threatened and is a State-listed Species of Special Concern. The gnatcatcher occurs in most of Baja California's arid regions but is extremely localized in the U.S. where it predominantly occurs in coastal regions of highly urbanized Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, and San Bernardino counties (Atwood 1992). In California, this species is an obligate resident of several distinct sub-associations of coastal sage scrub vegetation type. Brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds and loss of habitat to urban development have been cited as causes of the gnatcatcher population decline (Unitt 1984; Atwood 1990). On October 24, 2000, the USFWS published a Final Rule that designated critical habitat for the gnatcatcher (USFWS October 24, 2000). In April 2003, the USFWS published a Proposed Rule re-evaluating the boundaries of gnatcatcher critical habitat and increased the critical habitat area to 495,795 acres (USFWS May 24, 2003). These lands encompass portions of Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego Counties. A portion of Claremont’s hillside areas lie inside of the designated critical habitat area for the gnatcatcher, as shown in Figure BR-4. The Coastal California Gnatcatcher has the potential to be found on San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground and the college land north of Foothill Boulevard because suitable habitat (coastal sage scrub) is present for this species. The Coastal California Gnatcatcher has been observed on the college land north of Foothill Boulevard.12 San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat The San Bernardino kangaroo rat (SBKR) is a federally listed Endangered species and a State-listed Species of Special Concern. It is one of 19 recognized subspecies of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) and is widely distributed throughout arid regions of the western U.S. and 8 LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water Conservation Improvement Project. March 2004. 9 Claremont Wildlands Conservancy. 2002. Draft Conceptual Area Protection Plan for the North Claremont Ecological Reserve. September 2002. 10 LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water Conservation Improvement Project. March 2004. 11 Envicom Corporation. 1999. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Claremont Colleges North Campus Master Plan. March 1999. 12 Ibid.


northwestern Mexico. From the early 1880s to the early 1930s, the SBKR was a common resident of the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Valleys of Southern California. Within this range, the SBKR was known from over 25 localities. SBKR has since declined precipitously for a variety of reasons; most prevalently from loss of habitat. SBKR is associated with a variety of coastal sage scrub vegetation. As in most heteromyids, soil texture is a primary factor in determining species distribution. SBKR is found primarily on sandy loam substrates, characteristic of alluvial fans and flood plains, where they are able to dig simple, shallow burrows. Critical habitat for SBKR was designated in April 2002 (USFWS April 2002). Critical habitat for SBKR is only designated within Riverside and San Bernardino counties. The San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat has the potential to occur on the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because marginal habitat (gravely soils of alluvial fan) is present for this species.13 The rat is also expected to occur in the proper season or habitat in the Claremont hillsides.14

Wildlife Movement Corridors Wildlife movement corridors link together areas of suitable wildlife habitat that are otherwise separated by rugged terrain, changes in vegetation, or human disturbance. In the absence of habitat linkages allowing movement to adjoining open space areas, larger and more mobile mammal species will not likely persist over time in fragmented or isolated habitat areas (Harris and Gallagher, 1989). Wildlife populations within the vicinity of Claremont are diverse and abundant due to the region’s physiographic diversity and its designated open space area in the hillsides. The hillside open space area is directly adjacent to Marshall Canyon Regional Park and the Angeles National Forest. Wildlife movement in this region occurs across the flanks of the foothills and lower mountains. The extreme intervening topography of these open space areas allows wildlife movement through the many sizeable drainage courses, across ridgelines, through canyons, and within riparian habitat areas. Given its location and isolation/fragmentation, the college land north of Foothill Boulevard has low potential to function as a wildlife movement corridor.

Preliminary Biological Resource Issues Relevant to the General Plan Since initiation of the 2004 General Plan update program, interviews with City staff, decision-makers, commissions, stakeholders, and others have resulted in identification of the following preliminary biological resource issues to be considered in the update process. This is not a comprehensive discussion, as the City anticipates that additional comments will be raised throughout the program. Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat The potential development of hillside property, such as Johnson’s Pasture, could potentially result in loss of native vegetation and wildlife habitat. Such loss of open space could also lead to habitat fragmentation for wildlife species. If development were to occur on Johnson’s Pasture, what mitigation should be introduced to replace loss of native plant species? What design characteristics should be implemented to avoid creating barriers to wildlife movement corridors? College Land North of Foothill 13 LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water Conservation Improvement Project. March 2004. 14 Claremont Wildlands Conservancy. 2002. Draft Conceptual Area Protection Plan for the North Claremont Ecological Reserve. September 2002.


Under ownership of the Claremont University Consortium (CUC), the vacant land north of Foothill west of Mills is currently used as an academic resource area for The Claremont Colleges. The land was donated to the Colleges for establishment of new educational institutions. However, some members of the Colleges community and Claremont residents as well have expressed a desire to keep the area permanent open space. Any potential development on this site would be subject to review under CEQA.


References Boyd, Steven D. 1990. Biological Studies to be Incorporated into an Environmental Impact Report for the 150 Acre Parcel of the Claremont Hillside Development Area, Los Angeles County, CA. June 1990. California Department of Fish and Game. 2004a. California Natural Diversity (RareFind) Database. California Department of Fish and Game, Natural Heritage Division, Sacramento, California. California Department of Fish and Game. 2004b. List of Special Animals. Wildlife and Habitat Data Analysis Branch California Natural Diversity Database. California Environmental Quality Act. 2004. Statutes and Guidelines. Section 15380 (a-e). California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2004. Electronic Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. Claremont Wildlands Conservancy. 2002. Draft Conceptual Area Protection Plan for the North Claremont Ecological Reserve. September 2002. County of Los Angeles Fire Department Forestry Division. 1999. Claremont Hills Wilderness Park Vegetation Management Plan. January 1999. Dale, N. 2000. Flowering Plants The Santa Monica Mountains, Coastal, and Chaparral Regions of Southern California. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento. 240 p. Envicom Corporation. 1999. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Claremont Colleges North Campus Master Plan. March 1999. Harris, L. D., and P.B. Gallagher. 1989. New Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation; The Need for Movement Corridors. In Preserving Communities and Corridors (G. Mackintosh, ed.) Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C. 96pp. Hickman, J.C., (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual; Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley. Holland, R.F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California. State of California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame-Heritage Program, Sacramento, California. Jones, J. K., R. Hoffmann, D. Rice, C. Jones, R. Baker, and M. Engstrom. 1992. Revised checklist of North American Mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers: The Museum of Texas Tech University. 23 pp. Keith Companies. 1991. Claremont Hills Environmental Impact Report. June 1991. LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water Conservation Improvement Project. March 2004. Los Angeles County website http://danr.ucop.edu/ihrmo/county/LOS ANGELES. Los Angeles County Oak Tree Ordinance. Migratory Bird Treaty Act. (15 USC 703-711), 50 CFR Part 21, and 50 CFR Part 10. Munz, P.A. 1974. A Flora of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.


PCR. 2000. Biological Resources Assessment of the Proposed San Dimas Canyon/San Antonio Wash Significant Ecological Area. November 2000. PCR. 2000. Los Angeles County Significant Ecological Area Update Study. November 2000. P&D Consultants. 2004. Los Angeles County Significant Ecological Area Update Study. July 2004. Sawyer, John O. and Todd Keeler-Wolf. 1995. A Manual of California Vegetation. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. Sibley, D.A. 2000. National Audubon Society, The Sibley Guide to Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 544 p. Simberloff, D.,and J. Cox. 1987. Consequences and costs of conservation corridors. Conservation Biology 1:63-71. Thomas Leslie Corporation, Biological & Cultural Investigations & Monitoring. 2002. Biological Assessment of the Proposed Padua Avenue Park Site, Claremont, California. January 2002. USFWS Federal Register Critical Habitat Designation for coastal California gnatcatcher Vol. 68, No. 98, May 2003. USFWS Federal Final Rule Register Critical Habitat Designation for coastal California gnatcatcher Vol. 68, No. 98, May 2003. USFWS Federal Register Critical Habitat Designation for San Bernardino kangaroo rat Vol. 67, No. 78, April 2002.

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